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class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ru.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.25em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ирекле энциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ba.svg" width="118" height="11" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%AD%D2%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Эҙләү</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" aria-label="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Махсус:Эҙләү"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Эҙләргә</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eйәшерергә\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Йөкмәткеһе</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Атамаһы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Атамаһы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Атамаһы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Атамаһы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Иҫкәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Әҙәбиәт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Әҙәбиәт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Әҙәбиәт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Әҙәбиәт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Һылтанмалар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һылтанмалар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Һылтанмалар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Һылтанмалар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Речь Посполитая</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 93 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pools-Litause_Gemenebes" title="Pools-Litause Gemenebes — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pools-Litause Gemenebes" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen-Litauen" title="Polen-Litauen — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Polen-Litauen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_d%27as_Dos_Nacions" title="Republica d'as Dos Nacions — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica d'as Dos Nacions" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="الكومنولث البولندي الليتواني — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكومنولث البولندي الليتواني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="الكومنولث البولندى الليتوانى — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكومنولث البولندى الليتوانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_les_Dos_Naciones" title="República de les Dos Naciones — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República de les Dos Naciones" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C3%A7_Pospolita" title="Reç Pospolita — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Reç Pospolita" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="لهیستان-لیتوانی بیرلیگی — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لهیستان-لیتوانی بیرلیگی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidv%C4%97ju_Taut%C5%AB_Respobl%C4%97ka" title="Abidvėju Tautū Respoblėka — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Abidvėju Tautū Respoblėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Рэч Паспалітая — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэч Паспалітая" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Рэч Паспалітая — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэч Паспалітая" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Жечпосполита — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жечпосполита" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_an_Div_Vroad" title="Republik an Div Vroad — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik an Div Vroad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljsko-Litvanska_Unija" title="Poljsko-Litvanska Unija — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Poljsko-Litvanska Unija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3_de_Pol%C3%B2nia_i_Litu%C3%A0nia" title="Confederació de Polònia i Lituània — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Confederació de Polònia i Lituània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C3%A7_Pospolita" title="Jeç Pospolita — крымско-татарский" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Jeç Pospolita" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="крымско-татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsko-litevsk%C3%A1_unie_(1569%E2%80%931795)" title="Polsko-litevská unie (1569–1795) — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polsko-litevská unie (1569–1795)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Gymanwlad_Bwylaidd%E2%80%93Lithwanaidd" title="Y Gymanwlad Bwylaidd–Lithwanaidd — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Gymanwlad Bwylaidd–Lithwanaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_polsk-litauiske_realunion" title="Den polsk-litauiske realunion — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den polsk-litauiske realunion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen-Litauen" title="Polen-Litauen — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Polen-Litauen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Dweju_Narodowu" title="Republika Dweju Narodowu — нижнелужицкий" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Republika Dweju Narodowu" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="нижнелужицкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE-%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πολωνική-Λιθουανική Κοινοπολιτεία — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολωνική-Λιθουανική Κοινοπολιτεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respubliko_de_Amba%C5%AD_Nacioj" title="Respubliko de Ambaŭ Nacioj — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Respubliko de Ambaŭ Nacioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_las_Dos_Naciones" title="República de las Dos Naciones — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República de las Dos Naciones" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rzeczpospolita" title="Rzeczpospolita — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rzeczpospolita" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi_Nazioen_Errepublika" title="Bi Nazioen Errepublika — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bi Nazioen Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%93%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="مشترک‌المنافع لهستان–لیتوانی — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مشترک‌المنافع لهستان–لیتوانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puola-Liettua" title="Puola-Liettua — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puola-Liettua" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poola-Leedu_riik" title="Poola-Leedu riik — выруский" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Poola-Leedu riik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="выруский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_des_Deux_Nations" title="République des Deux Nations — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République des Deux Nations" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poalsk-Litouske_Mienebest" title="Poalsk-Litouske Mienebest — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Poalsk-Litouske Mienebest" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhlathas_na_Polainne_-_na_Liotu%C3%A1ine" title="Comhlathas na Polainne - na Liotuáine — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhlathas na Polainne - na Liotuáine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-fhlaitheas_na_P%C3%B2lainn_-_Liotu%C3%A0inia" title="Co-fhlaitheas na Pòlainn - Liotuàinia — гэльский" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Co-fhlaitheas na Pòlainn - Liotuàinia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэльский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mancomunidade_de_Polonia_e_Lituania" title="Mancomunidade de Polonia e Lituania — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mancomunidade de Polonia e Lituania" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99-%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90%D7%99" title="האיחוד הפולני-ליטאי — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האיחוד הפולני-ליטאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljsko-Litavska_Unija" title="Poljsko-Litavska Unija — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Poljsko-Litavska Unija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lsko-Litawska" title="Pólsko-Litawska — верхнелужицкий" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pólsko-Litawska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="верхнелужицкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B9_%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1" title="Ռեչ Պոսպոլիտա — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռեչ Պոսպոլիտա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persemakmuran_Polandia-Lituania" title="Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia-Lituania" title="Polonia-Lituania — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Polonia-Lituania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lsk-lit%C3%A1%C3%ADska_samveldi%C3%B0" title="Pólsk-litáíska samveldið — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pólsk-litáíska samveldið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederazione_polacco-lituana" title="Confederazione polacco-lituana — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Confederazione polacco-lituana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%88%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="ポーランド・リトアニア共和国 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポーランド・リトアニア共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97-%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="პოლონეთ-ლიტვის თანამეგობრობა — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოლონეთ-ლიტვის თანამეგობრობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C-%EB%A6%AC%ED%88%AC%EC%95%84%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="폴란드-리투아니아 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴란드-리투아니아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Речь Посполита — карачаево-балкарский" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Речь Посполита" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="карачаево-балкарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Речь посполита — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Речь посполита" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_Publica_Utriusque_Nationis" title="Res Publica Utriusque Nationis — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res Publica Utriusque Nationis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiej%C5%B3_Taut%C5%B3_Respublika" title="Abiejų Tautų Respublika — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abiejų Tautų Respublika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puolejis-L%C4%ABtovys_Sadraudzeiba" title="Puolejis-Lītovys Sadraudzeiba — латгальский" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Puolejis-Lītovys Sadraudzeiba" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="латгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polijas%E2%80%94Lietuvas_%C5%ABnija" title="Polijas—Lietuvas ūnija — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Polijas—Lietuvas ūnija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="һайланған мәҡәлә"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Полско-литванска Државна Заедница — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полско-литванска Државна Заедница" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="पोलिश-लिथुएनियन राष्ट्रकुल — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोलिश-लिथुएनियन राष्ट्रकुल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komanwel_Poland%E2%80%93Lithuania" title="Komanwel Poland–Lithuania — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Komanwel Poland–Lithuania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9" title="لهستون-لیتوانی مشترک‌المنافع — мазандеранский" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لهستون-لیتوانی مشترک‌المنافع" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандеранский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="पोलिश-लिथुआनियन कमनवेल्थ — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पोलिश-लिथुआनियन कमनवेल्थ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pools-Litouwse_Gemenebest" title="Pools-Litouwse Gemenebest — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pools-Litouwse Gemenebest" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_polsk-litauiske_samveldet" title="Det polsk-litauiske samveldet — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det polsk-litauiske samveldet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen-Litauen" title="Polen-Litauen — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polen-Litauen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_de_las_Doas_Nacions" title="Republica de las Doas Nacions — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica de las Doas Nacions" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Речь Посполитæ — осетинский" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Речь Посполитæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rzeczpospolita_Obojga_Narod%C3%B3w" title="Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88-%D9%84%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%81" title="پولینڈ-لتھوانیا دولت مشترکہ — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پولینڈ-لتھوانیا دولت مشترکہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89_-_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AF_%DA%AB%DA%89%D9%88_%DA%AB%D9%BC%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="د پولينډ - ليتوانيا د ګډو ګټو دولت — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د پولينډ - ليتوانيا د ګډو ګټو دولت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_das_Duas_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="República das Duas Nações — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República das Duas Nações" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniunea_statal%C4%83_polono-lituanian%C4%83" title="Uniunea statală polono-lituaniană — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uniunea statală polono-lituaniană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Речь Посполитая — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Речь Посполитая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(1569%E2%80%931795)" title="Польско-литовска уния (1569–1795) — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Польско-литовска уния (1569–1795)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunfederatzione_Polacu-Lituana" title="Cunfederatzione Polacu-Lituana — сардинский" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cunfederatzione Polacu-Lituana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljsko-Litvanska_Unija" title="Poljsko-Litvanska Unija — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Poljsko-Litvanska Unija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E2%80%93%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="පෝලන්ත–ලිතුවේනියානු පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලය — сингальский" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පෝලන්ත–ලිතුවේනියානු පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_oboch_n%C3%A1rodov" title="Republika oboch národov — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Republika oboch národov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_obeh_narodov" title="Republika obeh narodov — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Republika obeh narodov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komonuelthi_Polako-Lituanez" title="Komonuelthi Polako-Lituanez — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Komonuelthi Polako-Lituanez" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Државна заједница Пољске и Литваније — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Државна заједница Пољске и Литваније" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsk-litauiska_samv%C3%A4ldet" title="Polsk-litauiska samväldet — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polsk-litauiska samväldet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="போலந்து-லித்துவேனியா பொதுநலவாயம் — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போலந்து-லித்துவேனியா பொதுநலவாயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E2%80%93%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="เครือจักรภพโปแลนด์–ลิทัวเนีย — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครือจักรภพโปแลนด์–ลิทัวเนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya-Litvanya_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Polonya-Litvanya Birliği — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Polonya-Litvanya Birliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C3%A7_Pospolita" title="Reç Pospolita — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Reç Pospolita" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Річ Посполита — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Річ Посполита" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88-%D9%84%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%81" title="پولینڈ-لتھوانیا دولت مشترکہ — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پولینڈ-لتھوانیا دولت مشترکہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rech_Pospolita" title="Rech Pospolita — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rech Pospolita" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederasion_po%C5%82aco-lituana" title="Confederasion połaco-lituana — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Confederasion połaco-lituana" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_bang_Ba_Lan_v%C3%A0_Lietuva" title="Liên bang Ba Lan và Lietuva — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liên bang Ba Lan và Lietuva" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komonwelt_han_Polonya-Lituania" title="Komonwelt han Polonya-Lituania — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Komonwelt han Polonya-Lituania" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="波兰立陶宛 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波兰立陶宛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A9_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="რეჩ პოსპოლიტა — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რეჩ პოსპოლიტა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pho-l%C3%A2n_Lietuva" title="Pho-lân Lietuva — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pho-lân Lietuva" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q172107#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башҡа телдәргә һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтеү" class="wbc-editpage">Һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтергә</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Башҡа проекттарҙа </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth" hreflang="en"><span>Викимилек</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q172107" title="Мәғлүмәт һаҡлағысына бәйле элементҡа һылтанма [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимәғлүмәт элементы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия — ирекле энциклопедия мәғлүмәте</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellspacing="2" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; width:27em;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;">Речь Посполитая</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-style: oblique;"><span data-wikidata-property-id="P1705" class="no-wikidata"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Поляк теле">пол.</a> <i><span lang="pl">Korona Polska i Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie</span></i><br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле">лат.</a> <i><span lang="la">Regnum Poloniae Magnique Ducatus Lithuaniae</span></i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <table role="presentation" style="background:inherit; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%; display:table; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle"><span data-wikidata-property-id="P41" class="no-wikidata"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flaga_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow_ogolna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Флаг" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flaga_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow_ogolna.svg/160px-Flaga_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow_ogolna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flaga_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow_ogolna.svg/240px-Flaga_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow_ogolna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flaga_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow_ogolna.svg/320px-Flaga_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow_ogolna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></span></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle"><span data-wikidata-property-id="P94" class="no-wikidata"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Lob_Rech_Pospolita.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Герб" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Lob_Rech_Pospolita.svg/90px-Lob_Rech_Pospolita.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Lob_Rech_Pospolita.svg/135px-Lob_Rech_Pospolita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Lob_Rech_Pospolita.svg/180px-Lob_Rech_Pospolita.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="1063" /></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Флаг</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Речь Посполитая гербы (был бит юҡ)">Герб</a></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Девиз (был бит юҡ)">Девиз</a>: <i>« <span class="ref-info" title="латин телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(лат.)</span> Si Deus Nobiscum quis contra nos<br />(</i>Беҙҙең менән Алла, кем беҙгә ҡаршы?<i>)<br />в <a href="/wiki/XVIII_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XVIII быуат">XVIII быуатта</a>: <span class="ref-info" title="латин телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(лат.)</span> Pro Fide, Lege et Rege<br />(</i>Өмөт, ҡанун һәм король өсөн! <i>)»</i> </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Государственный гимн (был бит юҡ)">Гимн</a>: <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q172107$f8557f25-4948-a68d-97ba-11a5a9460ef8" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P85"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8F%2C+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q2436991&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8F%2C+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0&preloadparams%5B%5D=Универсальная+карточка"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Радуйся, Матушка Польша</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2436991" class="extiw" title="d:Q2436991">[d]</a></sup></span></span> </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <p><span data-wikidata-property-id="P242" class="no-wikidata"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Map_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth_(1619%E2%80%931621).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Речь Посполитая сиктәре (1619—1621)"><img alt="Речь Посполитая сиктәре (1619—1621)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Map_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%281619%E2%80%931621%29.png/296px-Map_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%281619%E2%80%931621%29.png" decoding="async" width="296" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Map_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%281619%E2%80%931621%29.png/444px-Map_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%281619%E2%80%931621%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Map_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%281619%E2%80%931621%29.png/592px-Map_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%281619%E2%80%931621%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2027" /></a></span><br /><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P2096" class="media-caption" style="display:block">Речь Посполитая сиктәре (1619—1621)</span></span> </p> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:transparent;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:0.5em; text-align:left; width:4em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5_(1385%E2%80%941569)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Польша короллеге (1385—1569) (был бит юҡ)">←</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5_(1385%E2%80%941569)" title="Польша короллеге (1385—1569)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="239" /></a></span></span><br /><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B9%D3%A9%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Бөйөк Литва кенәзлеге">←</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B9%D3%A9%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Бөйөк Литва кенәзлеге"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/45px-Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/60px-Royal_banner_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></span></div> <div style="float:right; margin-left:0.5em; text-align:right; width:4em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Российская империя"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Российская империя (был бит юҡ)">→</a></span><br /><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Пруссия корллеге"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пруссия корллеге (был бит юҡ)">→</a></span><br /><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Галиция һәм Лодомерия короллеге"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_galicia_to1849.jpg/30px-Flag_galicia_to1849.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_galicia_to1849.jpg/45px-Flag_galicia_to1849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_galicia_to1849.jpg/60px-Flag_galicia_to1849.jpg 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Галиция һәм Лодомерия короллеге (был бит юҡ)">→</a></span></div> <div style="margin:0 4em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span data-wikidata-property-id="P571" class="no-wikidata"><a href="/wiki/1_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="1 июль">1 июль</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1569&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1569 (был бит юҡ)">1569</a></span> —</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span data-wikidata-property-id="P576" class="no-wikidata"><a href="/wiki/24_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C" title="24 октябрь">24 октябрь</a> <a href="/wiki/1795" class="mw-redirect" title="1795">1795</a></span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></th></tr><tr><th style="">Баш ҡала</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Краков">Краков</a> (<a href="/wiki/1795" class="mw-redirect" title="1795">1795</a> йылға тиклем)<br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Варшава">Варшава</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1596&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1596 (был бит юҡ)">1596</a> йылдан) </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Телдәр</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Польяк теле (был бит юҡ)">польяк</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле">латин</a>, көнбайыш рус теле (1696 йылға тиклем Бөйөк Литва кенәзлегендә; Польшаның Брацлав, Волынский, Киево һәм Чернигов воеводстволарында 1653 йылға тиклем<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%98%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Әрмәт теле (был бит юҡ)">әрмән</a> (әҙселек теле)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Аҡса берәмеге</th><td class="" style=""> <p>польский злотый </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Майҙаны</th><td class="" style=""> <p>865 000 км² (1580 год)<br />990 000 км² (1637)<br />878 000 км² (1650 год)<br />718 000 км² (1771 год) </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Халҡы</th><td class="" style=""> <p>7,5 млн чел. (1580 год)<br /> 11 млн чел. (1650 год)<br /> 12,3 млн чел. (1771 год) </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Идара итеү формаһы</th><td class="" style=""> <p>нәҫел буйынса тапшырылыусы монархия <small>(1569–1573)</small><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Һайланған монархия (был бит юҡ)">һайланған монархия</a> <small>(1573–1791, 1792–1795)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Конституцион монархия">конституцион монархия</a> <small>(1791–1792)</small> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style="">Сәйәси режим</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шляхет демократияһы (был бит юҡ)">шляхет демократияһы</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""> • 1569—1572</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_II_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сигизмунд II Август (был бит юҡ)">Сигизмунд II Август</a> <i>(беренсе)</i> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""> • 1764—1795</th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Станислав Август Понятовский (был бит юҡ)">Станислав II Август Понятовский</a> <i>(һуңғы)</i> </p> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:transparent;">Тарихы</th></tr><tr><th style=""> • <span style="white-space: nowrap;">1569</span></th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Люблинская уния (был бит юҡ)">Люблинская уния</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""> • <span style="white-space: nowrap;">1596</span></th><td class="" style=""> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Брестская уния (был бит юҡ)">Брестская уния</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""> • <span style="white-space: nowrap;">1772</span></th><td class="" style=""> <p>Беренсе тарҡалыу </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""> • <span style="white-space: nowrap;">1793</span></th><td class="" style=""> <p>Икенсе тарҡалыу </p> </td></tr><tr><th style=""> • <span style="white-space: nowrap;">1795</span></th><td class="" style=""> <p>Өсөнсө тарҡалыу </p> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q172107$9F5227C8-ECC3-46C3-A5A8-505C56FBD3EA" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="commons:Category:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth">Речь Посполитая Викимилектә</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks noprint navbar" data-navboxnavigation-link="0" style="text-align:left; white-space:nowrap;"><span style="word-spacing:0">Шаблон: </span><span><span class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҡалып:Историческое государство"><span title="Просмотр этого шаблона">просмотр</span></a></span><span class="nv-talk"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%B5%D2%AF:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып буйынса фекерләшеү:Историческое государство (был бит юҡ)"><span title="Обсуждение этого шаблона">обсуждение</span></a></span><span class="nv-edit"> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:EditPage/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Махсус:EditPage/Ҡалып:Историческое государство"><span title="Править этот шаблон">править</span></a></span></span></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Речь Посполитая</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Поляк теле">пол.</a> <i><span lang="pl">Rzeczpospolita</span></i>), хәҙерге заманда киң таралған рәсми булмаған исеме <b>Ике Халыҡтың Речь Посполитая</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Поляк теле">пол.</a> <i><span lang="pl">Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów</span></i>) — 1569 йылда Люблин унияһы нигеҙендә <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша">Польша</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B9%D3%A9%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Бөйөк Литва кенәзлеге">Бөйөк Литва кенәзлегенең</a> берләшеүе нәтижәһендә барлыҡҡа килгән һәм 1795 йылда <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рәсәй империяһы">Рәсәй</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)" title="Пруссия (короллек)">Пруссия</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Австрия империяһы">Австрия</a> империялары араһындагы ерҙәрне бүлеп алып юҡҡа сыҡҡан федератив дәүләт.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Хәҙерге Польша, Украина, Белоруссия һәм Литва территорияларындә, шулай уҡ өлөшләтә хәҙерге Рәсәй, Латвия, Молдавия, Эстония һәм Словакия территорияһында урынлашҡан булған. </p><p>Польша һәм Бөйөк Литва Корольлығының берҙәм дәүләт аппараты булған осраҡта ла, Литваның үҙ административ аппараты, ҡаҙнаһы, ғәскәре һәм закондары булған. Дәүләт башлығы итеп ғүмерлеккә һайлап ҡуйылған монарх сеймы торған, ул Польша короле титулын һәм Бөйөк Литва кенәзе титулын йөрөткән. Речь Посполитаяла урынлашҡан специфик сәйәси режим шляхта демократияһы тип аталған<sup id="cite_ref-Галенченко_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Галенченко-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Атамаһы"><span id=".D0.90.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B"></span>Атамаһы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Атамаһы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F&action=edit&section=1" title="Атамаһы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Дәүләттең традицион атамаһы — «речь посполитая» — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле">латин</a> теленән поляк теленә һүҙмәүһүҙ тәржемә иткәндә термин <i>Res Publica</i> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Поляк теле">пол.</a> <i><span lang="pl">rzecz</span></i> — әйбер, эш; <i>pospolita</i> — дөйөм)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Был терминды рус теленә һүҙмә-һүҙ тәржемәһе «дөйөм эш» йәки «уртаҡ әйбер» («общее дело» или «общая вещь»)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Дәүләттең рәсми исеме — <i>Польша короллеге һәм Бөйөк литва кенәзлеге</i> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Поляк теле">пол.</a> <i><span lang="pl">Królestwo Polskie i Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie</span></i>). Ғәҙәттә, урындағы ябай халыҡ дәүләте <i>Речь Посполитая</i> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Поляк теле">пол.</a> <i><span lang="pl">Rzeczpospolita</span></i>; зап.-урыҫсалап. <i>Реча Посполит</i>) тип атаған. Польша халҡы Корольлекты ҡыҫҡаса Таж (Корона) тип, ә Бөйөк Литва кенәзлеген кыҫҡаса Бөйөк кенәзлек тип атағандар. </p><p>XVII быуатта дипломатик хат алышыуҙа <i>Светлейшая Речь Посполитая Польская</i> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Поляк теле">пол.</a> <i><span lang="pl">Najjaśniejsza Rzeczpospolita Polska</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле">лат.</a> <i><span lang="la">Serenissima Res Publica Poloniae</span>'<b>Светлейшая Речь Посполитая Польская</b></i><b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Поляк теле">пол.</a> <i><span lang="pl">Najjaśniejsza Rzeczpospolita Polska</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле">лат.</a> <i><span lang="la">Serenissima Res Publica Poloniae</span></i> исеме ҡулланылған<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</b> </p><p>Хәҙер киң ҡулланылған <i>Речь Посполитая Обоих народов</i> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Поляк теле">пол.</a> <i><span lang="pl">Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów</span></i>) исеме түгел аутентичный (рәсми) түгел һәм, моғайын, поляк яҙыусыһы Павел Ясеница ның 1967 йылда донъяға таралған трилогияһының сығыуы тарихина бәйлелер. </p><p>Хәҙерге Польша тарихында 1795—1569 йылдар «I Речь Посполитая», 1918—1939 йылдар — «II Речь посполитая», 1989 йылдан— «III Речь Посполитая» атала. Был осраҡта башҡа постолиталарҙан айырыу өсөн, Польша Халыҡ Республикаһы (1944—1989) иҫәпкә алынмай һәм <i>Rzeczpospolita Ludowa</i> (халыҡ республикаһы) тип атала.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иҫкәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Иҫкәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F&action=edit&section=2" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Например, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/ru/изображения/7271">карта Хоманна</a>, 1716.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171003194750/http://www.archives.gov.ua/Publicat/Documents/Foreword.php#">"Руськая" серия Коронной метрик</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <small>Дата обращения: 2 октябрь 2017.</small> <small>Архивировано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov.ua/Publicat/Documents/Foreword.php#">оригинала</a> 3 октябрь 2017 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2017 йыл 3 октябрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171003194750/http://www.archives.gov.ua/Publicat/Documents/Foreword.php">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343" id="CITEREFЗахаркевич2013"><i>С. Захаркевич.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elib.bsu.by/bitstream/123456789/89996/1/%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%A0%D0%9F-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%20%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8.pdf">Армяне Речи Посполитой: анализ модели культурной адаптации</a></span> // Художественная культура армянских общин на землях Речи Посполитой: Материалы Международной научной конференции / Сост. и отв. ред. И. Н. Скворцова. — Минск: Арт. Дизайн, 2013. — С. 23.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%9A%D0%9B%D0%AD1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып:Книга:ВКЛЭ1 (был бит юҡ)">Ҡалып:Книга:ВКЛЭ1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFБРЭ"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigenc.ru/world_history/text/3508305">Речь Посполита</a> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Большая российская энциклопедия">Большая российская энциклопедия</a> : <span style="white-space: nowrap;">[в 35 т.]</span> / гл. ред. <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Осипов, Юрий Сергеевич (был бит юҡ)">Ю. С. Осипов</a></span>. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>. : Большая российская энциклопедия, 2004—2017.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Галенченко-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Галенченко_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Голенченко Г.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yabloko.ru/Themes/Belarus/belarus-33.html">«Шляхетская демократия» в Великом княжестве Литовском XVI–XVIІІ вв</a> // <i>Беларусь и Россия: общество и государство</i>. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Минск">Мн.</span> — В. 2. <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110910204117/http://www.yabloko.ru/Themes/Belarus/belarus-33.html#">Архивировано</a> из первоисточника 10 сентябрь 2011.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Pietrzyk-Reeves D.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academia.edu/23957662/The_Foundations_of_Rzeczpospolita_in_the_16th_Century_and_the_Influence_of_Humanism_and_Republicanism">The foundations of Rzeczpospolita in the 16th century and the influence of humanism and republicanism</a> <span class="ref-info" title="Поляк телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(пол.)</span> = Pietrzyk-Reeves D. Podstawy wspólnotowego ładu Rzeczypospolitej w XVI wieku a wpływ humanizmu i republikanizmu // <i>Polska czyli… Idee wspólnoty politycznej i tożsamości narodowej w polskiej tradycji intelektualnej</i>. — Kraków: Ośrodek Myśli Politycznej, 2011. — С. 15—50.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хархордин, Олег Валерьевич (был бит юҡ)">Хархордин О. В.</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://magazines.gorky.media/nz/2007/5/byla-li-i-res-publica-i-veshhyu.html">Была ли res publica вещью?</a> // <i>Неприкосновенный запас</i>. — 2007. — № 5 (55).</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">См., например, текст договора <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D0%BD_III_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ян III Собеский (был бит юҡ)">Яна III Собеского</a> с Фридрихом Августом (1677) <span style="font-size:85%; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(недоступная ссылка)</span> <span class="ref-info" title="латин телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(лат.)</span> или текст <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_(1790)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Польско-прусский договор (1790) (был бит юҡ)">союзного договора Речи Посполитой с Прусским королевством (1790)</a> <span class="ref-info" title="Поляк телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(пол.)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Дмитрук, Е. П.</i> Название польского государства и особенности его политико-государственного устройства в XX в. согласно конституционным актам: историко-юридический анализ // Право.by. — 2014. — 1 (27). — c. 13-18.</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Әҙәбиәт"><span id=".D3.98.D2.99.D3.99.D0.B1.D0.B8.D3.99.D1.82"></span>Әҙәбиәт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F&action=edit&section=3" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Bardach, Juliusz; Lesnodorski, Boguslaw; Pietrzak, Michal.</i> Historia panstwa i prawa polskiego. — Warsaw: Paristwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1987.</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343" id="CITEREFBrzezinski1987"><i>Brzezinski, Richard.</i> Polish Armies (1): 1569–1696 (Men-At-Arms Series, 184). — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (был бит юҡ)">Osprey Publishing</a>, 1987. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/085045736X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-85045-736-X</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343" id="CITEREFBrzezinski1988"><i>Brzezinski, Richard.</i> Polish Armies (2): 1569–1696 (Men-At-Arms Series, 188). — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (был бит юҡ)">Osprey Publishing</a>, 1988. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/0850457440" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-85045-744-0</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343" id="CITEREFSužiedėlis2011"><i>Sužiedėlis, Saulius A.</i> Historical Dictionary of Lithuania. — 2. — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowman_%26_Littlefield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rowman & Littlefield (был бит юҡ)">Scarecrow Press</a>, 2011. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/9780810875364" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0810875364</a>.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Һылтанмалар"><span id=".D2.BA.D1.8B.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Һылтанмалар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Һылтанмалар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F&action=edit&section=4" title="Һылтанмалар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0,_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:s:ЭСБЕ/Польша, история">Польша, история</a></span> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге">Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге</a>: 86 томда (82 т. һәм 4 өҫтәмә том). — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</span>, 1890—1907.</span> <span class="ref-info" title="Рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(рус.)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commonwealth.pl">Commonwealth of Cultures Diverse: 's Heritage Poland'</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2011 йыл 24 июнь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624022527/http://www.commonwealth.pl/">архивланған</a>.</span></small> <span class="ref-info" title="Поляк телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(пол.)</span> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rzecz-pospolita.com/">The Polish-Commonwealth Lithuanian-Maps, cities in history of Poland, Ukraine, and Lithuania Belarus</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2021 йыл 17 апрель <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417044200/http://rzecz-pospolita.com/">архивланған</a>.</span></small> <span class="ref-info" title="Поляк телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(пол.)</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Речь_Посполитая&oldid=1253155">https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Речь_Посполитая&oldid=1253155</a>» битенән алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Махсус:Категориялар">Категориялар</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Категория:Һайлау монархияһы">Һайлау монархияһы</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Категория:Речь Посполитая">Речь Посполитая</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Категория:Конфедерациялар">Конфедерациялар</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:1795_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%8E%D2%A1_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Категория:1795 йылда юҡ булғандар">1795 йылда юҡ булғандар</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Йәшерелгән категориялар: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Cite_web_(%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Категория:Википедия:Cite web (не указан язык)">Википедия:Cite web (не указан язык)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Категория:Википедия:Статьи с нерабочими ссылками">Википедия:Статьи с нерабочими ссылками</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Категория:Википедия:Статьи со ссылками на элементы Викиданных без русской подписи">Википедия:Статьи со ссылками на элементы Викиданных без русской подписи</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:ISBN_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Категория:ISBN серле һылтанмаһын ҡулланған биттәр">ISBN серле һылтанмаһын ҡулланған биттәр</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Был бит һуңғы тапҡыр 13:45 12 сентябрь 2023 үҙгәртелгән.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> буйынса рөхсәт ителгән; 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