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href="#Status_of_religious_freedom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Status of religious freedom</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Status_of_religious_freedom-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Status of religious freedom subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Status_of_religious_freedom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legal_and_policy_framework" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_and_policy_framework"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Legal and policy framework</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_and_policy_framework-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restrictions_on_religious_freedom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restrictions_on_religious_freedom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Restrictions on religious freedom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restrictions_on_religious_freedom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forced_religious_conversion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forced_religious_conversion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Forced religious conversion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forced_religious_conversion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_of_Jewish_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_of_Jewish_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Status of Jewish community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_of_Jewish_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Improvements_and_positive_developments_in_respect_for_religious_freedom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Improvements_and_positive_developments_in_respect_for_religious_freedom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Improvements and positive developments in respect for religious freedom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Improvements_and_positive_developments_in_respect_for_religious_freedom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>2020s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الحرية الدينية في البحرين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرية الدينية في البحرين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="বাহরাইনের ধর্মবিশ্বাস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাহরাইনের ধর্মবিশ্বাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B8%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90" title="바레인의 종교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바레인의 종교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="बहरीन में धर्म की स्वतंत्रता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बहरीन में धर्म की स्वतंत्रता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religioni_in_Bahrein" title="Religioni in Bahrein – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Religioni in Bahrein" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="რელიგიის თავისუფლება ბაჰრეინში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რელიგიის თავისუფლება ბაჰრეინში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_di_Bahrain" title="Agama di Bahrain – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Agama di Bahrain" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80" title="ਬਹਿਰੀਨ ਵਿਚ ਧਰਮ ਦੀ ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਹਿਰੀਨ ਵਿਚ ਧਰਮ ਦੀ ਆਜ਼ਾਦੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%88%DA%86_%D9%85%D8%B0%DB%81%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="بحرین وچ مذہبی آزادی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بحرین وچ مذہبی آزادی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feja_n%C3%AB_Bahrein" title="Feja në Bahrein – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Feja në Bahrein" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D9%85%D8%B0%DB%81%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="بحرین میں مذہبی آزادی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحرین میں مذہبی آزادی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="巴林宗教 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴林宗教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:dodgerblue; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.810484529124px 6.1536312906747px 0 0; border-top-color:darkGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkGreen"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Bahrain (2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-census2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkGreen; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (74.02%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:dodgerblue; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Others (25.98%)</div> </div> </div></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Bahrain" title="Category:Bahrain">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bahrain" title="Culture of Bahrain">Culture of Bahrain</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bahrain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/100px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/150px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/200px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bahrain" title="History of Bahrain">History</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Bahrain">People</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Bahrain">Languages</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Bahraini_cuisine" title="Bahraini cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Bahraini_art" title="Bahraini art">Art</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Bahraini_literature" title="Bahraini literature">Literature</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Bahrain" title="Sport in Bahrain">Sport</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Music and performing arts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bahrain" title="Music of Bahrain">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Bahrain" title="Theatre of Bahrain">Performing arts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Bahrain" title="Media of Bahrain">Media</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Bahrain" title="Radio in Bahrain">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Bahrain" title="Television in Bahrain">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bahrain" title="Cinema of Bahrain">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Monuments</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bahrain" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Bahrain">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Bahrain" title="National symbols of Bahrain">Symbols</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bahrain" title="Flag of Bahrain">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bahrain" title="Coat of arms of Bahrain">Coat of arms</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/16px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/24px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bahrain" title="Portal:Bahrain">Bahrain portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Bahrain" title="Template:Culture of Bahrain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Bahrain" title="Template talk:Culture of Bahrain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Bahrain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Bahrain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bahrain" title="Constitution of Bahrain">Constitution of Bahrain</a> states that <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is the official religion and that <i><a href="/wiki/Shari%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shari'a">Shari'a</a></i> (Islamic law) is a principal source for legislation. <i>Article 22</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bahrain" title="Constitution of Bahrain">Constitution</a> provides for freedom of conscience, the inviolability of worship, and the freedom to perform religious rites and hold religious parades and meetings, in accordance with the customs observed in the country; however, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bahrain">Government</a> has placed some limitations on the exercise of this right. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_demography">Religious demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Bahrain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Religious demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bahrain#Religion" title="Demographics of Bahrain">Demographics of Bahrain § Religion</a></div> <p>Among the <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship in Bahrain">citizens of Bahrain</a> in 2010, 99.8% were <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> according to the government's published census statistics, although the Muslim proportion falls to 70.2% when the non-national population is included.<sup id="cite_ref-2010-census_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010-census-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current census data does not differentiate between the other religions in <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, but there are about 1,000<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Bahrain" title="Christianity in Bahrain">Christian</a> citizens and fewer than 40<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bahjew_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bahjew-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bahrain" title="History of the Jews in Bahrain">Jewish</a> citizens. The <a href="/wiki/Bahrani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahrani people">Bahraini citizens</a> of Muslim faith belong to the <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> branches of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. The last official census (1941) showed that 52% (88,298 citizens) of the Muslim population were <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> and 48% of the Muslim population were <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1980s, unofficial sources, such as the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies" title="Library of Congress Country Studies">Library of Congress Country Studies</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> estimated that Sunnis were 45% of Bahraini population, while 55% of Bahraini population were Shias. The last official Bahraini document published in 2011 revealed that 51% of the country's citizens are Sunnis, while the Shi'ite population had declined to 49% of the citizen population.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foreigners, overwhelmingly from <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Arab_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab countries">Arab countries</a>, constituted 54% of the population in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-2010-census_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010-census-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these, 45% are Muslim and 55% are non-Muslim,<sup id="cite_ref-2010-census_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010-census-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including Christians (primarily: <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼís</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikhs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status_of_religious_freedom">Status of religious freedom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Bahrain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Status of religious freedom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_and_policy_framework">Legal and policy framework</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Bahrain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legal and policy framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bahrain" title="Constitution of Bahrain">Constitution</a> states that <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is the official religion of the country and also provides for freedom of religion; however, there were limits on this right. The Government allows religion-based, political nongovernmental organizations to register as political "societies", which operate somewhat like parties with the legal authority to conduct political activities. Parliamentary and municipal elections were held in 2006 and all political societies participated, including the largest Shi'a political society, which had boycotted the last parliamentary elections in 2002. Of eligible voters, 73% participated in the elections. Every religious group must obtain a license from the <i>Ministry of Justice and Islamic Affairs</i> (<i>MOJIA</i>) to operate. In December 2006 the <i>Ministry of Justice</i> and <i>Ministry of Islamic Affairs</i> merged to form the <i>MOJIA</i>. Depending on circumstances, for example, the opening of a religious school, a religious group may also need approval from the <i>Ministry of Social Development</i>, the <i>Ministry of Information</i>, and/or the <i>Ministry of Education</i>. <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> congregations that are registered with the <i>Ministry of Social Development</i> operated freely and were allowed to offer their facilities to other Christian congregations that did not have their places of worship. The Government prohibits anti-Islamic writings. Four <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh Temple">Sikh temples</a> and several <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu temples">Hindu temples</a> are allowed to function freely. During the Indian Prime Minister's visit to Bahrain he announced redevelopment project for the <a href="/wiki/Shrinathji_Temple,_Bahrain" title="Shrinathji Temple, Bahrain">Shrinathji (Krishna) Temple</a> which will cost $4.2 million.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country's only synagogue has not been operational for nearly 60 years.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></p><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:160%;font-weight:normal; display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laicism" title="Laicism">Laicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_censorship" title="Religious censorship">Religious censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious liberty">Religious liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">Religious pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_prayer" title="School prayer">School prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_priests_in_public_office" title="Catholic priests in public office">Catholic priests in public office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(politics)" title="Confessionalism (politics)">Confessionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">Secular state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_state" title="Confessional state">Confessional state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">Atheist state</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_by_country" title="Freedom of religion by country">Status by country</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Africa_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Africa by country">Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Algeria" title="Freedom of religion in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Angola" title="Freedom of religion in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Benin" title="Freedom of religion in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Botswana" title="Freedom of religion in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Freedom of religion in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Burundi" title="Freedom of religion in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cameroon" title="Freedom of religion in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Freedom of religion in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Freedom of religion in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Chad" title="Freedom of religion in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Freedom of religion in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Mauritania" title="Freedom of religion in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Morocco" title="Freedom of religion in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Africa" title="Freedom of religion in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Sudan" title="Freedom of religion in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Tanzania" title="Freedom of religion in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_North_America_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in North America by country">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_America_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in South America by country">South America</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brazil" title="Freedom of religion in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Canada" title="Freedom of religion in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Colombia" title="Freedom of religion in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Ecuador" title="Freedom of religion in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Guyana" title="Freedom of religion in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Panama" title="Freedom of religion in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Paraguay" title="Freedom of religion in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of religion in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Asia_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Asia by country">Asia</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Freedom of religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Armenia" title="Freedom of religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Freedom of religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bhutan" title="Freedom of religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brunei" title="Freedom of religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cambodia" title="Freedom of religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Freedom of religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_India" title="Freedom of religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Indonesia" title="Freedom of religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan" title="Freedom of religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Laos" title="Freedom of religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Malaysia" title="Freedom of religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Mongolia" title="Freedom of religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Myanmar" title="Freedom of religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Nepal" title="Freedom of religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Korea" title="Freedom of religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Pakistan" title="Freedom of religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Freedom of religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Russia" title="Freedom of religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Singapore" title="Freedom of religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Korea" title="Freedom of religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Freedom of religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Taiwan" title="Freedom of religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Freedom of religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Thailand" title="Freedom of religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkey" title="Freedom of religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Freedom of religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Freedom of religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Vietnam" title="Freedom of religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Europe_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Europe by country">Europe</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Albania" title="Freedom of religion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Andorra" title="Freedom of religion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Armenia" title="Freedom of religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Austria" title="Freedom of religion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Belarus" title="Freedom of religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Belgium" title="Freedom of religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Freedom of religion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Croatia" title="Freedom of religion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_France" title="Freedom of religion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Freedom of religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Germany" title="Freedom of religion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Hungary" title="Freedom of religion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Italy" title="Freedom of religion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Montenegro" title="Freedom of religion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Freedom of religion in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Norway" title="Freedom of religion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Romania" title="Freedom of religion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Russia" title="Freedom of religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Serbia" title="Freedom of religion in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Slovakia" title="Freedom of religion in Slovakia">Slovakia </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Slovenia" title="Freedom of religion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkey" title="Freedom of religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Ukraine" title="Freedom of religion in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Freedom of religion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East#Freedom_of_religion" title="Human rights in the Middle East">Middle East</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iran" title="Freedom of religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq" title="Freedom of religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Jordan" title="Freedom of religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kuwait" title="Freedom of religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Lebanon" title="Freedom of religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Oman" title="Freedom of religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Freedom of religion in the State of Palestine">Palestinian territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Qatar" title="Freedom of religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Syria" title="Freedom of religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Freedom of religion in the United Arab Emirates">UAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Yemen" title="Freedom of religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Oceania_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Oceania by country">Oceania</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Australia" title="Freedom of religion in Australia">Australia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> Topical</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam_by_country" title="Apostasy in Islam by country">Apostasy in Islam by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blasphemy_law" title="Blasphemy law">Blasphemy laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation_laws_by_country" title="Female genital mutilation laws by country">Female genital mutilation laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_ritual_slaughter" title="Legal aspects of ritual slaughter">Legal aspects of ritual slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_male_circumcision" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious male circumcision">Religious male circumcision</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_traditional_African_religions" title="Persecution of traditional African religions">Traditional African religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christophobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodox Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Hinduism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_persecution_of_Alevis" title="Ottoman persecution of Alevis">Alevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Judaism" title="Anti-Judaism">Anti-Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Religious antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-cult_movement" title="Anti-cult movement">New religious movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_countercult_movement" title="Christian countercult movement">Christian countercult movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_Neopagans" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious discrimination against Neopagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religious_freedom" title="Template:Religious freedom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religious_freedom" title="Template talk:Religious freedom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religious_freedom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religious freedom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Holding a religious meeting without a permit is illegal; however, there were no reports of religious groups being denied a permit to gather. Unregistered Christian congregations exist, and there were no reports of the Government attempting to force unregistered congregations to register. The <i>High Council for Islamic Affairs</i> is charged with the review and approval of all clerical appointments within both the <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> communities and maintains program oversight for all citizens studying religion abroad. Historically there is evidence of discrimination against Shi'a Muslims in recruitment for the country's military and domestic security services. During the reporting period, the <i>Ministry of Defense</i> did not recruit Shi'a for military service. The <i>Ministry of Interior</i> made increasing efforts to recruit additional Shi'a into nonmilitary security agencies during the reporting period. On April 19, 2007, officials in the <i>Ministry of Education</i> announced that the Ministry, in conjunction with the MOJIA, was developing a new religious education curriculum to be taught in all public schools, beginning the next academic year. According to the <i>Undersecretary of Islamic Affairs</i>, the new curriculum will focus on practices in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and jurisprudence and will contain content against radicalism and extremism. The <i>Undersecretary for Islamic Affairs</i> reportedly stressed to the <i>Ministry of Education</i> that the new curriculum should be inclusive of the convictions of all branches of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Islamic studies are a part of the curriculum in government schools and mandatory for all public school students. The decades-old curriculum is based on the <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> school of Sunni theology. Proposals to include the <a href="/wiki/Ja%27afari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ja'afari">Ja'afari</a> traditions of Shi'a Islam in the curriculum have been rejected. The civil and criminal legal systems consist of a complex mix of courts based on diverse legal sources, including Sunni and Shi'a <a href="/wiki/Shari%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shari'a">Shari'a</a>, tribal law, and other civil codes and regulations. The number of Shi'a Shari'a judges was slightly higher than the number of their Sunni counterparts. </p><p>Although the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bahrain" title="Constitution of Bahrain">Constitution</a> provides for women's political rights, Shari'a governs personal status. Specific rights vary according to Shi'a or Sunni interpretations of Islamic law, as determined by the individual's faith, or by the courts in which various contracts originate, including marriage. While both Shi'a and Sunni women have the right to initiate a divorce, religious courts may refuse the request. Women of either branch of Islam may own and inherit property and may represent themselves in all public and legal matters. In the absence of a direct male heir, a Shi'a woman may inherit all property. In contrast, in the absence of a direct male heir, a Sunni woman inherits only a portion as governed by Shari'a; the balance is divided among brothers, uncles, and male cousins of the deceased. A Muslim woman may legally marry a non-Muslim man only if he first converts to Islam. In such marriages, the children automatically are considered Muslim. In divorce cases, the courts routinely grant Shi'a and Sunni women custody of children until an age at which custody reverts to the father based on <a href="/wiki/Ja%27afari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ja'afari">Ja'afari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> Islamic law, respectively. In all circumstances except mental incapacitation, the father, regardless of custody decisions, retains the right to make certain legal decisions for his children, such as guardianship of any property belonging to the child, until the child reaches legal age. A noncitizen woman automatically loses custody of her children if she divorces their citizen father. There are no restrictions on the number of citizens permitted to make pilgrimages to Shi'a shrines and holy sites in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. The Government monitors travel to <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and scrutinizes carefully those who choose to pursue religious study there. The Government does not designate religion or sect on national identity documents. Upon the birth of a child, parents applying for a birth certificate are asked to provide the child's religion (not sect), but the government-issued birth certificate does not include this information. The law does not prohibit conversion from one religion to another. The following holidays are considered national holidays: <a href="/wiki/Eid_ul-Adha" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid ul-Adha">Eid ul-Adha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eid_ul-Fitr" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid ul-Fitr">Eid ul-Fitr</a>, the Birth of the Islamic <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Ashura" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Ashura">Day of Ashura</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a>. Leaders representing many religious groups visited the country and met with government and civic leaders. These included the Metropolitan of the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Church body">Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, the highest official in the church. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restrictions_on_religious_freedom">Restrictions on religious freedom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Bahrain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Restrictions on religious freedom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Government policy and practice contribute to the generally free practice of religion. Members of other religious groups who practice their faith privately do so without interference from the Government and are permitted to maintain their own places of worship and display the symbols of their religion, such as crosses and statues of deities and saints. The Government funds all official religious institutions, including Shi'a and Sunni mosques, Shi'a <i>ma`tams</i> (religious community centers), Shi'a and Sunni <i>waqfs</i> (religious endowments), and the religious courts, which represent both the <a href="/wiki/Ja%27afari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ja'afari">Ja'afari</a> (Shi'a) and <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> (Sunni) schools of Islamic jurisprudence. The Government permits public religious events, most notably the large annual commemorative marches by Shi'a Muslims during the Islamic months of Ramadan and Muharram. </p><p>Converts to Islam from other religious groups were not uncommon, especially in cases of marriage between Muslim men and non-Muslim women. These converts were normally welcomed into the Muslim community. On the other hand, converts from Islam to other religious groups were not well tolerated by society. It was reported that families and communities often shunned these individuals and sometimes subjected converts to physical abuse. Some of these converts believed it necessary to leave the country permanently. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Bahraini_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–2012 Bahraini uprising">2011–2012 Arab Spring uprising</a> and crackdown against Shia protest in Bahrain, "dozens" of Shia mosques have been leveled by the government according to a report in McClatchy newspapers. According to Shiite leaders interviewed by the reporter, work crews have often arrived "in the dead of night, accompanied by police and military escorts", to demolish the mosques, and in many cases, have hauled away the buildings' rubble before townspeople awake so as to leave no trace. Sheikh Khalid bin Ali bin Abdulla al Khalifa, the minister of justice and Islamic affairs for Bahrain, defended the demolitions stating: "These are not mosques. These are illegal buildings." However the McClatchy reporter found that photos taken of several mosques before their destruction by the government "showed they were well maintained, decades-old structures."<sup id="cite_ref-gutman_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gutman-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MOJIA has repeatedly denied an operating license to a congregation of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>, and it refuses to recognize the congregation; the Baháʼí community continued to gather and worship freely without government interference. While the MOJIA views the Baháʼí Faith as an inauthentic offshoot of Islam and blasphemous<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, some other government ministries included Baháʼí as a religion choice in "drop-down" computer menus for citizens applying for certain government documents. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bibles</a> and other Christian publications are displayed and sold openly in local bookstores that also sell Islamic and other religious literature. <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Churches</a> also sell <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> materials, including books, music, and messages from Christian leaders, openly and without restriction. Religious tracts of all branches of Islam, cassettes of sermons delivered by Muslim preachers from other countries, and publications of other religions are readily available. In recent years, the <i>Ministry of Interior</i> has made efforts to reform hiring practices and has increased the hiring of Shi'a citizens. In 2005 a Christian church with more than 1,000 members filed an application with the <i>Ministry of Social Development</i> to form a second parish. The diocese assigned a temporary priest to serve members of the second parish; however, he only stayed 4 months, due to <a href="/wiki/Visa_(document)" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa (document)">visa</a> restrictions. The new parish applied for a three-year resident visa for a permanent priest. By the close of the reporting period, government officials still had not notified church leaders of a final decision on the request to allow a second parish or to grant a resident visa for a permanent priest. Further requests by church officials for information went unanswered. There were no reports of religious prisoners or detainees in the country. </p><p> In February 2011, the tensions between the Sunni ruling minority and the Shi'a majority spilled over into street protests which was violently suppressed by police forces, resulting in multiple civilian deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McClatchy Newspapers/csmonitor.com reported that as of mid-May 2011, </p><blockquote><p>Authorities have held secret trials where protesters have been sentenced to death, arrested prominent mainstream opposition politicians, jailed nurses and doctors who treated injured protesters, seized the health care system that had been run primarily by Shiites, fired 1,000 Shiite professionals and canceled their pensions, detained students and teachers who took part in the protests, beat and arrested journalists, and forced the closure of the only opposition newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-gutman_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gutman-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Unnamed U.S. officials interviewed by McClatchy expressed concern over "vindictive" Sunni leadership in Bahrain and stated that the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a> was "deeply worried about Bahrain's rapid downward spiral."<sup id="cite_ref-gutman_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gutman-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forced_religious_conversion">Forced religious conversion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Bahrain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Forced religious conversion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahrain has no history of engaging in <a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">forced religious conversion</a>. Foreign nationals as well as local minorities are able to practice their religion without interference from the government or other religious groups. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status_of_Jewish_community">Status of Jewish community</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Bahrain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Status of Jewish community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even though the small Jewish community has been safe from attacks and vandalism. While some anti-Zionist political commentary and editorial cartoons appeared, usually linked to the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>, outside of a political context the Jewish minority is fully respected and allowed to operate freely. Jewish people in Bahrain regularly practice their faith privately without interference from the Government. In 2008 Bahrain named <a href="/wiki/Houda_Nonoo" title="Houda Nonoo">Houda Ezra Ebrahim Nonoo</a>, a Jewish female lawmaker, ambassador to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Improvements_and_positive_developments_in_respect_for_religious_freedom">Improvements and positive developments in respect for religious freedom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Bahrain&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Improvements and positive developments in respect for religious freedom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parliamentary and municipal elections were conducted in November and December 2006. Candidates associated with religion-based political societies won 32 of the 40 seats in the Council of Representatives. During the elections, candidates from religious political groups conducted their campaigns without any interference from the Government. There was one <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a> member and one <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> member of the 40-member upper house of Parliament, the Shura Council, whose members were appointed in December 2006 by the King, following elections for the lower house. The Christian member was chosen by her colleagues to be the second deputy speaker for the Shura Council and is also one of the country's four representatives to the Arab Parliament. There was one Christian municipal council candidate in the elections, but he was defeated. In April 2007 the <i>Bahrain Businesswomen Society</i> initiated a public awareness campaign on family law by sponsoring a panel discussion, the first public event on the topic for several months. The issue was not raised in any significant way during the November/December 2006 elections, despite an awareness campaign by the Supreme Council for Women in the fall of 2005 and seminars by civil society groups, which highlighted the need for a family law. This was followed by public debate and rallies both in favor of and against such a law. During the reporting period, members of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Awali_Community_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Awali Community Church (page does not exist)">Awali Community Church</a> visited Christian prison inmates approximately monthly, to provide clothing and Christian literature and messages from their home. Members of other churches also made periodic visits to Christian prison inmates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2020s">2020s</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Bahrain&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2020s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2020 World Religions Database states 82% of the country is Muslim, 12% is Christian (primarily Roman Catholic, Protestant, <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox</a>, and Mar Thoma Syrian from South India) and 6% is Hindu.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Minority religious groups report that there is a good degree of tolerance in society for minority religious beliefs and traditions; there is no tolerance for conversion away from Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2022, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> became the first Catholic pope to travel to Bahrain. He held mass in Manama for a crowd of almost 30,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, the country was scored 1 out of 4 for religious freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Bahrain&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bahrain" title="Demographics of Bahrain">Demographics of Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bahrain" title="Islam in Bahrain">Islam in Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Bahrain" title="Christianity in Bahrain">Christianity in Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Bahrain" title="Catholic Church in Bahrain">Catholic Church in Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Arab_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism in Arab states">Hinduism in Arab states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bahrain" title="History of the Jews in Bahrain">History of the Jews in Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Bahrain" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Bahrain">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Bahrain</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Bahrain&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90208.htm">Bahrain: International Religious Freedom Report 2007</a>. <i>This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-census2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2020_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gov.bh/explore/dataset/population-by-religion-nationality-and-sex-census-2020">"Religion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bahrain">Government of Bahrain</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion&rft.pub=Government+of+Bahrain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gov.bh%2Fexplore%2Fdataset%2Fpopulation-by-religion-nationality-and-sex-census-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Bahrain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010-census-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2010-census_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010-census_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010-census_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120320104234/http://www.census2010.gov.bh/results_en.php">"General Tables"</a>. Bahraini Census 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census2010.gov.bh/results_en.php">the original</a> on 20 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Tables&rft.pub=Bahraini+Census+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census2010.gov.bh%2Fresults_en.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Bahrain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2022-10/overview-catholic-church-bahrain-pope-francis-visit.html">Vatican News website</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/bahrain">US State Dept 2022 report</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bahjew-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bahjew_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/low-profile-but-welcome-a-jewish-outpost-in-the-gulf-398656.html">"Low profile but welcome: a Jewish outpost in the Gulf"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. 2 Nov 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Low+profile+but+welcome%3A+a+Jewish+outpost+in+the+Gulf&rft.date=2007-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Flow-profile-but-welcome-a-jewish-outpost-in-the-gulf-398656.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Bahrain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Qubain, Fahim Issa (1955) “Social Classes and Tensions in Bahrain.” The Middle East Journal 9, no. 3: 269–280, p. 270</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bh0022)">Bahrain Country Study</a> Library of Congress</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinocur1982" class="citation news cs1">Vinocur, John (25 July 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524113015/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/25/world/1981-plot-in-bahrain-linked-to-iranians.html">"1981 Plot in Bahrain linked to Iranians"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/25/world/1981-plot-in-bahrain-linked-to-iranians.html">the original</a> on 24 May 2015. <q>Estimates put the division in Bahrain at 55 percent Shiites and 45 percent Sunnites.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=1981+Plot+in+Bahrain+linked+to+Iranians&rft.date=1982-07-25&rft.aulast=Vinocur&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F07%2F25%2Fworld%2F1981-plot-in-bahrain-linked-to-iranians.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Bahrain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320151402/https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2011/7/4/%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%81">"وثيقة بحرينية: الشيعة أقل من النصف"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 4 July 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2011/7/4/%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%81">the original</a> on 20 March 2023. <q>كشفت وثيقة بحرينية رسمية حديثة أن نسبة المواطنين السنة من إجمالي مواطني البلاد تعادل 51%، في حين توقفت نسبة الطائفة الشيعية عند 49%</q> [A recent official Bahraini document revealed that the percentage of Sunni citizens out of the country’s total citizens is 51%, while the percentage of the Shiite community stopped at 49%..]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%3A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%81&rft.date=2011-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.net%2Fnews%2F2011%2F7%2F4%2F%25D9%2588%25D8%25AB%25D9%258A%25D9%2582%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B4%25D9%258A%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A3%25D9%2582%25D9%2584-%25D9%2585%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2586%25D8%25B5%25D9%2581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Bahrain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2010_5/168261.htm">"International Religious Freedom Report"</a>. US State Dept. 2011-09-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Religious+Freedom+Report&rft.pub=US+State+Dept.&rft.date=2011-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2010_5%2F168261.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Bahrain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/bahrain/modi-announces-redevelopment-project-for-hindu-temple-in-bahrain-1.66002226">"Modi announces redevelopment project for Hindu temple in Bahrain"</a>. <i>gulfnews.com</i>. 25 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gulfnews.com&rft.atitle=Modi+announces+redevelopment+project+for+Hindu+temple+in+Bahrain&rft.date=2019-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fworld%2Fgulf%2Fbahrain%2Fmodi-announces-redevelopment-project-for-hindu-temple-in-bahrain-1.66002226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Bahrain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gutman-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gutman_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gutman_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gutman_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2011/0511/Bahrain-s-Sunni-rulers-target-Shiite-mosques">Bahrain's Sunni rulers target Shiite mosques</a>, By Roy Gutman, McClatchy Newspapers, May 11, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/19/world/middleeast/19bahrain.html?_r=1">"Security Forces in Bahrain Open Fire on Protesters"</a>. The New York Times Company. 2011-02-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Security+Forces+in+Bahrain+Open+Fire+on+Protesters&rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&rft.date=2011-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F02%2F19%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F19bahrain.html%3F_r%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Bahrain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inplacenews.wordpress.com/2008/05/30/muslim-country-selects-jewish-ambassador">"Muslim Country Selects Jewish Ambassador « iNPLACENEWS"</a>. Inplacenews.wordpress.com. 2008-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muslim+Country+Selects+Jewish+Ambassador+%C2%AB+iNPLACENEWS&rft.pub=Inplacenews.wordpress.com&rft.date=2008-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finplacenews.wordpress.com%2F2008%2F05%2F30%2Fmuslim-country-selects-jewish-ambassador&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Bahrain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=18c">The ARDA website, Retrieved 2023-08-01</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/bahrain">US State Dept 2022 report</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/bahrain">US State Dept 2022 report</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/country/bahrain/freedom-world/2023">Freedom House website, Retrieved 2023-08-01</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/1717_Omani_invasion_of_Bahrain" title="1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain">1717 Omani invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bahrain_(1783%E2%80%931971)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bahrain (1783–1971)">History of Bahrain (1783–1971)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Utbah_invasion_of_Bahrain" title="Bani Utbah invasion of Bahrain">Bani Utbah invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_administrative_reforms_of_the_1920s" title="Bahrain administrative reforms of the 1920s">Administrative reforms of the 1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Oil_Well,_Bahrain" title="First Oil Well, Bahrain">First Oil Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Committee" title="National Union Committee">National Union Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Intifada" title="March Intifada">March Intifada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_uprising_in_Bahrain" title="1990s uprising in Bahrain">1990s uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_in_Bahrain" title="2000s in Bahrain">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">2011 uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bahrain" title="Geography of Bahrain">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Bahrain">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Bahrain">Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Bahrain">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Bahrain" title="List of cities in Bahrain">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bahrain#Area_and_boundaries" title="Geography of Bahrain">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Bahrain" title="Governorates of Bahrain">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of Bahrain">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Bahrain" title="Wildlife of Bahrain">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bahrain" title="Politics of Bahrain">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Bahrain" title="Cabinet of Bahrain">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bahrain" title="Constitution of Bahrain">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bahrain" title="Elections in Bahrain">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bahrain" title="Foreign relations of Bahrain">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bahrain" title="Human rights in Bahrain">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bahrain">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Bahrain" title="Women's rights in Bahrain">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Bahrain">LGBT history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bahrain" title="King of Bahrain">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Bahrain)" title="Ministry of Interior (Bahrain)">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Bahrain">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_opposition" title="Bahraini opposition">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bahrain" title="List of political parties in Bahrain">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bahrain" title="Prime Minister of Bahrain">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Bahrain" title="Visa policy of Bahrain">Visa policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bahrain" title="Economy of Bahrain">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Bahrain" title="Agriculture in Bahrain">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_Dinar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahraini Dinar">Bahraini dinar <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Bahrain">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Bahrain" title="List of companies of Bahrain">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bahrain" title="Tourism in Bahrain">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bahrain" title="Transport in Bahrain">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Bourse" title="Bahrain Bourse">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Bahrain" title="Central Bank of Bahrain">Central Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bahrain" title="Culture of Bahrain">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Bahrain">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bahrain" title="Education in Bahrain">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bahrain" title="Flag of Bahrain">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Bahrain" title="Polygamy in Bahrain">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bahrain#Holidays" title="Culture of Bahrain">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Bahrain" title="Sport in Bahrain">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Bahrain" title="Internet in Bahrain">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Bahrain" title="Media of Bahrain">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_art" title="Bahraini art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bahrain" title="Cinema of Bahrain">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Bahrain" title="Theatre of Bahrain">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_literature" title="Bahraini literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Bahrain" title="List of newspapers in Bahrain">Newspaper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bahrain" title="Music of Bahrain">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrainona" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahrainona">National Anthem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Bahrain" title="Radio in Bahrain">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Bahrain" title="Television in Bahrain">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bahrain" title="Demographics of Bahrain">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bahrain#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Bahrain">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Bahrain">Languages</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Bahrain">Freedom of religion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bahrain" title="Outline of Bahrain">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bahrain" title="Outline of Bahrain">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bahrain" title="Category:Bahrain">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bahrain" title="Portal:Bahrain">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Demographics_of_Bahrain106" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Demographics_of_Bahrain" title="Template:Demographics of Bahrain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Demographics_of_Bahrain" title="Template talk:Demographics of Bahrain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Demographics_of_Bahrain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Demographics of Bahrain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Demographics_of_Bahrain106" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bahrain" title="Demographics of Bahrain">Demographics of Bahrain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bahrain" title="Islam in Bahrain">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Arab_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism in Arab states">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Bahrain" title="Christianity in Bahrain">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Bahrain" title="Catholic Church in Bahrain">Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bahrain" title="History of the Jews in Bahrain">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baharna" title="Baharna">Baharna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_Sunni_Arabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahraini Sunni Arabs">Bahraini Sunni Arabs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajam_of_Bahrain" title="Ajam of Bahrain">Ajam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baluch_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluch people">Baluch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurs" title="Lurs">Lur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achomi_people" title="Achomi people">Achomi\Khodmooni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azeris" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Azeris">Azeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_people" title="Qashqai people">Qashqai</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Expatriates" class="mw-redirect" title="Expatriates">Foreign nationals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Bahrain" title="Filipinos in Bahrain">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Bahrain" title="Indians in Bahrain">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Bahrain" title="Pakistanis in Bahrain">Pakistanis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Freedom_of_religion_in_Asia423" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Freedom_of_religion_in_Asia423" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Asia">Freedom of religion in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Freedom of religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Armenia" title="Freedom of religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Freedom of religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bhutan" title="Freedom of religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brunei" title="Freedom of religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cambodia" title="Freedom of religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Freedom of religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_India" title="Freedom of religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Indonesia" title="Freedom of religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iran" title="Freedom of religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq" title="Freedom of religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan" title="Freedom of religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Jordan" title="Freedom of religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Korea" title="Freedom of religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Korea" title="Freedom of religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kuwait" title="Freedom of religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Laos" title="Freedom of religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Lebanon" title="Freedom of religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Malaysia" title="Freedom of religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Mongolia" title="Freedom of religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Myanmar" title="Freedom of religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Nepal" title="Freedom of religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Oman" title="Freedom of religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Pakistan" title="Freedom of religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Freedom of religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Qatar" title="Freedom of religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Russia" title="Freedom of religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Singapore" title="Freedom of religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Freedom of religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Syria" title="Freedom of religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Freedom of religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Thailand" title="Freedom of religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Timor-Leste" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste (East Timor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkey" title="Freedom of religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Freedom of religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Freedom of religion in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Freedom of religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Vietnam" title="Freedom of religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Yemen" title="Freedom of religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Freedom of religion in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Taiwan" title="Freedom of religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom of religion in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom of religion in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" 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