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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_chaplaincies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_chaplains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_chaplains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Industrial chaplains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_chaplains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Law_and_police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Law and police</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_and_police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fire_departments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_departments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Fire departments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_departments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Labor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>Ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.5</span> <span>Corporate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Parliamentary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royalty_and_nobility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royalty_and_nobility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Royalty and nobility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royalty_and_nobility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prison" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prison"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Prison</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prison-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Animal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Colonial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>Environmental</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Health care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cruise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cruise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>Cruise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cruise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.15</span> <span>Domestic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.16</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chaplain</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="ملحق ديني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ملحق ديني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Капелан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Капелан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Капелан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Капелан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapelan" title="Kapelan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kapelan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan" title="Kaplan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kaplan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caplan" title="Caplan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caplan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapellan" title="Kapellan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kapellan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan" title="Kaplan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaplan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan" title="Kaplan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaplan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Καπελάνος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καπελάνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capell%C3%A1n" title="Capellán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Capellán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapilau" title="Kapilau – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kapilau" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="پیشنماز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیشنماز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapelain" title="Chapelain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chapelain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%B4%EB%8B%B9%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%9C" title="담당사제 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="담당사제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapelan" title="Kapelan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kapelan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapelan" title="Kapelan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kapelan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cappellano" title="Cappellano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cappellano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capellanus" title="Capellanus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Capellanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapelionas" title="Kapelionas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kapelionas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keplaon" title="Keplaon – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Keplaon" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1pl%C3%A1n" title="Káplán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Káplán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapelaan" title="Kapelaan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kapelaan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3" title="チャプレン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャプレン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapellan" title="Kapellan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kapellan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapellan" title="Kapellan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kapellan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapelan" title="Kapelan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kapelan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capel%C3%A3o" title="Capelão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Capelão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capelan" title="Capelan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Capelan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Каплан – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Каплан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Капеллан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Капеллан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaplain" title="Chaplain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chaplain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapl%C3%A1n" title="Kaplán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kaplán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan" title="Kaplan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kaplan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapelan" title="Kapelan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kapelan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappalainen" title="Kappalainen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kappalainen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan" title="Kaplan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kaplan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="อนุศาสนาจารย์ – Thai" lang="th" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Spiritual representative attached to a secular institution</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For people with the surname, see <a href="/wiki/Chaplain_(surname)" title="Chaplain (surname)">Chaplain (surname)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Chaplin_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Chaplin (disambiguation)">Chaplin</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ManassehCutler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/ManassehCutler.jpg/220px-ManassehCutler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/ManassehCutler.jpg/330px-ManassehCutler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/ManassehCutler.jpg/440px-ManassehCutler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption>The Reverend <a href="/wiki/Manasseh_Cutler" title="Manasseh Cutler">Manasseh Cutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> chaplain who served in George Washington's <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> and co-founded <a href="/wiki/Ohio_University" title="Ohio University">Ohio University</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>chaplain</b> is, traditionally, a <a href="/wiki/Cleric" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleric">cleric</a> (such as a <a href="/wiki/Minister_(Christianity)" title="Minister (Christianity)">minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">pastor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purohit" class="mw-redirect" title="Purohit">purohit</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imam</a>), or a <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">lay</a> representative of a religious tradition, attached to a <a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">secular institution</a> (such as a <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prison" title="Prison">prison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">military unit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agency" title="Intelligence agency">intelligence agency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embassy" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy">embassy</a>, <a href="/wiki/School" title="School">school</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labor_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor union">labor union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">business</a>, <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police department</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fire_department" title="Fire department">fire department</a>, <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sports_club" title="Sports club">sports club</a>), or a private <a href="/wiki/Chapel" title="Chapel">chapel</a>. The term <b>chaplaincy</b> refers to the chapel, facility or department in which one or more chaplains carry out their role. </p><p>Though the term <i>chaplain</i> originally referred to representatives of the Christian faith,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (April 2021)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup> it is now also applied to people of other religions or philosophical traditions, as in the case of chaplains serving with military forces and an increasing number of chaplaincies at U.S. universities.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent times,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> many lay people have received professional training in chaplaincy and are now appointed as chaplains in schools, hospitals, companies, universities, prisons and elsewhere to work alongside, or instead of, official members of the clergy.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concepts of a <i>multi-faith team</i>, <i>secular</i>, <i>generic</i> or <i>humanist</i> chaplaincy are also gaining increasing use, particularly within <a href="/wiki/Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare">healthcare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">educational</a> settings.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_chaplaincies">Types of chaplaincies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types of chaplaincies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>School chaplains are a fixture in religious and, more recently, secular schools. In religious schools the role of the chaplain tends to be educational and liturgical. In secular schools the role of the chaplain tends to be that of a mentor and a provider of pastoral care services. Chaplains provide care for students by supporting them during times of crisis or need. Many chaplains run programs to promote the welfare of students, staff and parents including programs to help students deal with grief, anger or depression. Chaplains also build relationships with students by participating in extracurricular activities such as breakfast programs, lunchtime groups and sports groups. School chaplains can also liaise with external organizations providing support services for the school.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many schools now have pupil support departments with several mentors whose jobs are to look out for the pupils and always be there to help but they give no religious or spiritual guidance because of multiculturalism and diverse opinions on religion and beliefs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title=""many" is a weasel word, do they give "no" or "limited" spiritual guidance, are these really the reasons, anyway we need a source for this (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Chaplains have also been referred to as spiritual animators<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (also faith animators or pastoral animators)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on the French concept of <i>animation spirituelle</i> or spiritual care.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Australia chaplains in state schools have, controversially,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> been funded by the federal government and local communities since 2007. Australian chaplains assist school communities to support the spiritual, social, and emotional well-being of their students.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chaplaincy services are provided by non denominational companies. As of August 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> there are 2339 chaplains working in Australian secular schools, along with 512 student welfare workers.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australian schools will lose the option of appointing secular social workers under the national school chaplaincy program, for which the <a href="/wiki/Abbott_government" title="Abbott government">Abbott government</a> has found an extra $245m in <a href="/wiki/2014_Australian_federal_budget" title="2014 Australian federal budget">the 2014 budget</a> funding.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similarly, in Scotland the focus of school chaplaincy is on welfare and building positive relationships joining students on excursions and sharing meals. Chaplains are also non-denominational and act as a link between the school community and society. Like Australian chaplains it is expected that they will not proselytise.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Ireland, chaplaincy takes a very different approach in which chaplains are expected to teach up to four hours of class instruction per week and are usually Catholic themselves. Chaplaincy duties include visiting homes, religious services, retreats and celebrations, as well as counseling.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For higher education, chaplains are appointed by many colleges and universities, sometimes working directly for the institution, and sometimes as representatives of separate organizations that specifically work to support students, such as <a href="/wiki/Hillel_International" title="Hillel International">Hillel International</a> for Jews or the <a href="/wiki/Newman_Centers" class="mw-redirect" title="Newman Centers">Newman Centers</a> for Catholics. In the United States, the National Association of college and University Chaplains works to support the efforts of many of these chaplains, helping chaplains minister to the individual faith of students, faculty, and staff, while promoting inter-religious understanding.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chaplains often also oversee programs on campus that foster spiritual, ethical, religious, and political and cultural exchange, and the promotion of service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_chaplains">Industrial chaplains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Industrial chaplains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Law_and_police">Law and police</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Law and police"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Law enforcement or police chaplains work with and as part of local, regional, county, state, and national or federal law enforcement and provide a variety of services within the law enforcement community. They should not be confused with prison chaplains, whose primary ministry is to those who are incarcerated either awaiting trial or after conviction. The role of the law enforcement chaplain deals primarily with law enforcement personnel and agencies. The chaplain responds to these unique needs and challenges with religious guidance, reassuring and trustworthy presence, resources and counseling services. The law enforcement chaplain offers support to law enforcement officers, administrators, support staff, victims and their families, and occasionally even the families of accused or convicted offenders. Law enforcement chaplaincy is a ministry of presence and must have the proper training if they are working with law enforcement officers. Some ministries such as Chaplain Fellowship Ministries requires LEO chaplains to be certified in Public Safety Chaplaincy before becoming certified as a LEO chaplain. Most chaplains are uniformed and some may have a rank. They will always wear distinguishing insignia or markings to denote their chaplain rather than lawman status. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fire_departments">Fire departments</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fire departments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chaplains working with fire departments provide the same kind of support as do chaplains working with law enforcement agencies, and sometimes face even greater danger working with the wounded in often very dangerous surroundings. </p><p>At the scene of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> on the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, for example, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">New York City Fire Department</a> chaplain <a href="/wiki/Mychal_Judge" title="Mychal Judge">Mychal Judge</a> was killed by flying debris from the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tenants_in_Two_World_Trade_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tenants in Two World Trade Center">South Tower</a> when he re-entered the lobby of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tenants_in_One_World_Trade_Center" title="List of tenants in One World Trade Center">North Tower</a> of the World Trade Center, shortly after administering last rites to a wounded firefighter.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Labor">Labor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Labor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many workplace chaplains (commonly called industrial chaplains) are sponsored by labor unions, including in some cases chaplains for police and firefighters. The <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a> Union (UAW) sponsors a chaplaincy program for all of its local unions.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In New York City, the <a href="/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Electrical_Workers" title="International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers">Electricians Union</a> (IBEW Local 3) has affiliated <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox">Greek Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Masonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Masonic">Masonic</a> organizations with chaplains.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Union chaplains are often viewed as advantageous as they are accountable to the employees and not corporate management. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ports">Ports</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_missions_to_seafarers" title="Category:Christian missions to seafarers">Category:Christian missions to seafarers</a></div> <p>In many ports, particularly in North America and Europe, there are chaplaincy organizations providing religious and welfare services to <a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">seafarers</a> while they are in port.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ministry typically takes the form of going aboard ships to talk with seafarers, maintaining centers near the port with chapels, spaces for relaxation, and internet, and providing transportation to seafarers on <a href="/wiki/Shore_leave" title="Shore leave">shore leave</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prominent international seafarers' ministry organizations include <a href="/wiki/Stella_Maris_(seafarers%27_ministry)" title="Stella Maris (seafarers' ministry)">Stella Maris</a>, the <a href="/wiki/The_Mission_to_Seafarers" title="The Mission to Seafarers">Mission to Seafarers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sailors%27_Society" title="Sailors' Society">Sailors' Society</a>, the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Seemannsmission" class="extiw" title="de:Deutsche Seemannsmission">Deutsche Seemannsmission</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/International_Christian_Maritime_Association" title="International Christian Maritime Association">International Christian Maritime Association</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Corporate">Corporate</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Corporate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some businesses, large or small, employ chaplains for their staff or clientele. Services provided may include employee assistance and counseling services; wellness seminars; conflict management and mediation; leadership and management development; and trauma/serious incident response.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, 4,000 corporate chaplains were reported to be working in the U.S.,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the majority being employees of specialist chaplaincy companies such as Marketplace Chaplains USA<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Corporate Chaplains of America.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, Corporate Chaplains of America reported serving over 2,000 workplace locations with 400 chaplains serving over 1,000,000 employees and their family members in the United States and Canada. 2014, Marketplace Chaplains USA reported employing over 2,800 chaplains in 44 states and over 960 cities.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization added an international arm in 2006; Marketplace Chaplains International serves Canada, the U.K., Mexico and Puerto Rico.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Capellania Empresarial<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provides corporate chaplaincy services in Paraguay. Chaplains without Borders<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been providing corporate and other chaplaincy services in Australia since 2005. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_chaplain2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Military_chaplain2.jpg/220px-Military_chaplain2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Military_chaplain2.jpg/330px-Military_chaplain2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Military_chaplain2.jpg/440px-Military_chaplain2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1627" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>A Catholic chaplain ministers to American <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marines</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Sailors</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_chaplain" title="Military chaplain">Military chaplain</a></div> <p>Military chaplains provide pastoral, spiritual and emotional support for service personnel, including the conduct of religious services at sea, on bases or in the field. Military chaplains have a long history; the first <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> military-oriented chaplains, for instance, were priests on board proto-naval vessels during the 8th century. Land-based chaplains appeared during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">King Edward I</a>. The current form of military chaplain dates from the era of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>. </p><p>Chaplains are nominated, appointed, or commissioned in different ways in different countries. A military chaplain can be an army-trained soldier with additional <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theological</a> training or an ordained person nominated to the army by religious authorities. In the United Kingdom the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> employs chaplains but their authority comes from their sending church. Royal Navy chaplains undertake a 16-week <a href="/wiki/Bespoke" title="Bespoke">bespoke</a> induction and training course including a short course at <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Royal_Naval_College" title="Britannia Royal Naval College">Britannia Royal Naval College</a> and specialist fleet time at sea alongside a more experienced chaplain. Naval chaplains called to service with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> undertake a grueling five-month-long Commando Course and, if successful, wear the commandos' <a href="/wiki/Green_beret" title="Green beret">Green Beret</a>. British Army chaplains undertake seven weeks training at the Armed Forces Chaplaincy Centre <a href="/wiki/Beckett_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Beckett House">Beckett House</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Academy_Sandhurst" title="Royal Military Academy Sandhurst">Royal Military Academy Sandhurst</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> chaplains must complete a 12-week Specialist Entrant course at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_College_Cranwell" title="Royal Air Force College Cranwell">RAF College Cranwell</a> followed by the Chaplains' Induction Course at the Armed Forces Chaplaincy Centre Beckett House of a further two weeks. The United States Navy will often give chaplain training to cadets seeking a theological route in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, they are granted instant employment as a Navy chaplain once ordained.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, in the United States military, chaplains must be endorsed by their religious affiliation in order to serve in any facet of the military.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, like that of the U.S. Navy, a Religious Program Specialist may be appointed to help alleviate some of the duties bestowed upon Naval chaplains.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unifil_catholic_mass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Unifil_catholic_mass.jpg/220px-Unifil_catholic_mass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Unifil_catholic_mass.jpg/330px-Unifil_catholic_mass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Unifil_catholic_mass.jpg/440px-Unifil_catholic_mass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French soldiers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Force_in_Lebanon" title="United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon">UNIFIL</a> attending a Catholic Mass in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Resnicoff_BeirutKippa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Resnicoff_BeirutKippa.jpg/220px-Resnicoff_BeirutKippa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Resnicoff_BeirutKippa.jpg/330px-Resnicoff_BeirutKippa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Resnicoff_BeirutKippa.jpg/440px-Resnicoff_BeirutKippa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>Jewish chaplain Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Resnicoff" title="Arnold Resnicoff">Arnold Resnicoff</a> wears a <a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">kippah</a>/yarmulke made from a piece of a Catholic chaplain's <a href="/wiki/Battledress" class="mw-redirect" title="Battledress">camouflage uniform</a> after his own head covering had become bloodied when it was used to wipe the face of a wounded marine during the 1983 <a href="/wiki/Beirut_barracks_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Beirut barracks bombing">Beirut barracks bombing</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Military chaplains are normally accorded officer status, although <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> had a Naval Lance Corporal chaplain in 2001. In most navies, their badges and insignia do not differentiate their levels of responsibility and status. By contrast, in air forces and armies, they typically carry ranks and are differentiated by crosses or other equivalent religious insignia. However, United States military chaplains in every branch carry both rank and Chaplain Corps insignia. </p><p>Though the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a> does not state whether chaplains may bear arms, they specify (Protocol I, June 8, 1977, Art 43.2) that chaplains are <a href="/wiki/Non-combatants" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-combatants">non-combatants</a>. In recent times both the UK and US have required chaplains, but not medical personnel, to be unarmed. Other nations, notably Norway, Denmark and Sweden, make it an issue of individual conscience. Captured chaplains are not considered Prisoners of War (Third Convention, August 12, 1949, Chapter IV Art 33) and must be returned to their home nation unless retained to minister to prisoners of war. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_chaplain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Military_chaplain.jpg/220px-Military_chaplain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Military_chaplain.jpg/330px-Military_chaplain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Military_chaplain.jpg/440px-Military_chaplain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>A U.S. Navy chaplain in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> studies his <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> for an upcoming service.</figcaption></figure> <p>Inevitably, a significant number of serving chaplains have died in action. 100 chaplains of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a> were <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">killed in action</a> during World War II: a casualty rate greater "than any other branch of the services except the infantry and the Army Air Corps" (Crosby, 1994, pxxiii). Many have been decorated for bravery in action (five have won Britain's highest award for gallantry, the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Chaplain%27s_Medal_for_Heroism" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaplain's Medal for Heroism">Chaplain's Medal for Heroism</a> is a special <a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Awards and decorations of the United States military">U.S. military decoration</a> given to military chaplains who have been killed in the line of duty, although it has to date only been awarded to the famous <a href="/wiki/Four_Chaplains" title="Four Chaplains">Four Chaplains</a>, all of whom died in the <a href="/wiki/SS_Dorchester" title="SS Dorchester"><i>Dorchester</i></a> sinking in 1943 after giving up their lifejackets to others. In addition to these, five other U.S. chaplains have been awarded the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a>: Chaplain (<a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Commander_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Commander (United States)">LCDR</a>) <a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._O%27Callahan" title="Joseph T. O'Callahan">Joseph T. O'Callahan</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">USN</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>); Chaplain (<a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)" title="Captain (United States O-3)">CPT</a>) <a href="/wiki/Emil_Kapaun" title="Emil Kapaun">Emil Kapaun</a>, USA (Posthumous, <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>); Chaplain (<a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">LT</a>) <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Capodanno" class="mw-redirect" title="Vincent Capodanno">Vincent Capodanno</a>, USN (Posthumous, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>); Chaplain (<a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">MAJ</a>) <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Watters" title="Charles J. Watters">Charles J. Watters</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">USA</a> (Posthumous, Vietnam War); and Chaplain (<a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)" title="Captain (United States O-3)">CPT</a>) <a href="/wiki/Angelo_J._Liteky" class="mw-redirect" title="Angelo J. Liteky">Angelo J. Liteky</a>, USA (Vietnam). (Later in life, Liteky changed his name to Charles, left the Catholic priesthood, became an anti-war activist, and renounced his Medal of Honor). Chaplain Fellowship Ministries military chaplains are nondenominational. To be considered for appointment to serve as a military chaplain, candidates must first be ordained and have an ecclesiastical endorsement by a valid religious faith group recognized by the Department of Defense. Candidates must meet all DOD requirements. The Chaplain Fellowship had military chaplains serving in Iraq and now in Afghanistan. </p><p>In 2006, training materials obtained by U.S. intelligence showed that insurgent snipers fighting in Iraq were urged to single out and attack engineers, medics, and chaplains on the theory that those casualties would demoralize entire enemy units.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_European_Command" title="United States European Command">United States European Command</a> has co-sponsored an annual <a href="/wiki/International_Military_Chiefs_of_Chaplains_Conference" title="International Military Chiefs of Chaplains Conference">International Military Chiefs of Chaplains Conference</a> every year since 1991 to consider the various issues affecting chaplaincy ministry and other military personnel. At times, the existence of military chaplains has been challenged in countries that have a <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_Church_and_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Separation of Church and State">separation of Church and State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However one of the major issues affecting chaplaincy and military personnel is that of <a href="/wiki/Moral_injury" title="Moral injury">moral injury</a> arising as a result of international conflicts and terrorism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some chaplains use live music as a therapeutic tool.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Music can aid in healing, access core faith and emotions, and help to build rapport in the chaplaincy relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary">Parliamentary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Parliamentary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dan_Coughlin_retires.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dan_Coughlin_retires.jpg/220px-Dan_Coughlin_retires.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dan_Coughlin_retires.jpg/330px-Dan_Coughlin_retires.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dan_Coughlin_retires.jpg/440px-Dan_Coughlin_retires.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption>House Speaker <a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">John Boehner</a> and Minority Leader <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> present a flag flown over the U.S. Capitol to <a href="/wiki/Dan_Coughlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dan Coughlin">Fr. Daniel Coughlin</a> in recognition for his 11 years of service as <a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives">Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives</a>, April 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Some nations, including the United States and the United Kingdom, have chaplains appointed to work with parliamentary bodies, such as the <a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Chaplain of the United States Senate">Chaplain of the United States Senate</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives">Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives</a>, and Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to opening proceedings with prayer, these chaplains provide pastoral counseling to congressional members, their staffs, and their families; coordinate the scheduling of guest chaplains, who offer opening prayers; arrange and sometimes conduct marriages, memorial services, and funeral services for congress, staff, and their families; and conduct or coordinate religious services, study groups, prayer meetings, holiday programs, and religious education programs, as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royalty_and_nobility">Royalty and nobility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Royalty and nobility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monarchs have held private religious services as a long-standing right along with a privilege of appointing their own chaplains to serve them and their families.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the late medieval period,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dukes and lesser ranking nobles have had a capacity to name a number of chaplains.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The question of who has authority to qualify chaplains was the heart of the <a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a> in medieval Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prison">Prison</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Prison"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rabbi_Philip_Alstat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Rabbi_Philip_Alstat.jpg/170px-Rabbi_Philip_Alstat.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Rabbi_Philip_Alstat.jpg/255px-Rabbi_Philip_Alstat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Rabbi_Philip_Alstat.jpg/340px-Rabbi_Philip_Alstat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="915" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_R._Alstat" title="Philip R. Alstat">Philip R. Alstat</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1920</span>, Jewish chaplain for "<a href="/wiki/The_Tombs" title="The Tombs">The Tombs</a>" – the Manhattan Correctional Facility – for thirty years.</figcaption></figure> <p>Prison chaplains can be a "safety valve, through listening and pro-social intervention" in potentially explosive situations.<sup id="cite_ref-Drum_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drum-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also reduce recidivism by linking offenders to positive community resources, and in the work they do to help offenders change their hearts, minds and directions.<sup id="cite_ref-Drum_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drum-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Philip_R._Alstat" title="Philip R. Alstat">Philip R. Alstat</a> (1891–1976), who—in addition to work as a chaplain in New York hospitals and senior citizen facilities—served for three decades as the Jewish chaplain for "<a href="/wiki/The_Tombs" title="The Tombs">The Tombs</a>", the Manhattan Detention Facility, once described his service as follows: "My goals are the same as those of the prison authorities—to make better human beings. The only difference is that their means are discipline, security, and iron bars. Mine are the spiritual ministrations that operate with the mind and the heart."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Canada in 2013, a $2-million contract for chaplaincy services for federal prisons was awarded to Kairos Pneuma Chaplaincy Inc., a company newly formed by five current and former federal prison chaplains.<sup id="cite_ref-cohen2013_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohen2013-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About "2,500 volunteers, many of them of minority faiths, would also continue providing services."<sup id="cite_ref-cohen2013_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohen2013-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has however, been very little research looking at the role of chaplains and volunteers working within correctional facilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chaplains to sports communities have existed since the middle of the 20th century and have significantly grown in the past 20 years<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (May 2023)">as of?</span></a></i>]</sup>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> have well established <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> sports chaplaincy <a href="/wiki/Christian_ministry" title="Christian ministry">ministries</a>. </p><p>Sports chaplains consist of people from many different walks of life. Most commonly, the chaplains are ministers or full-time Christian workers but occasionally, chaplaincy work is done without charge or any financial remuneration. Often, sports chaplains to a particular sport are former participants of that sport. This helps the chaplain to not only provide spiritual support and guidance to a player, but also to give them the ability to empathize and relate to some of the challenges facing the participant with whom they are ministering. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animal">Animal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Animal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Blessing_of_animals" title="Blessing of animals">Blessing of animals</a></div> <p>Veterinary chaplains serve people and their animals, ministering with regards to the spirituality associated with animals and their connections with humans.<sup id="cite_ref-Hurtado_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurtado-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major function is grief support and prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other services include hospice support while animals are cared for near the end of their lives; support in animal health crises, including at the veterinary hospital; conducting services for animal blessings, naming/adopting ceremonies, and end of life celebration ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-Hurtado_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurtado-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Veterinary chaplains may also offer sermons and spiritual guidance on the human/animal bond and our responsibilities toward animals; and some may visit nursing homes and hospitals with therapeutic animal assistants.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other veterinary chaplains may provide blessings for animal care workers; assist with human/animal communication; and offer alternative healing for animals such as animal <a href="/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki">Reiki</a> or acupuncture.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial">Colonial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Colonial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A colonial chaplain was appointed to a <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colony</a>. The term is commonly used to refer to the chaplain appointed as a non-<a href="/wiki/Military_chaplain" title="Military chaplain">military chaplain</a> to one of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Colony">Crown Colonies</a> from the late 18th century or early 19th century. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Johnson_(chaplain)" title="Richard Johnson (chaplain)">Richard Johnson</a> (1756–1827) was the first colonial chaplain appointed to the new <a href="/wiki/Prison_colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Prison colony">prison colony</a> at <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> in 1786. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental">Environmental</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Environmental"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Environmental chaplaincy is an emerging field within chaplaincy. Environmental chaplains (also known as eco-chaplains, Earth chaplains, nature chaplains) provide spiritual care in a way that honors humanity's deep connection to the earth. Environmental chaplains hold many roles. They may support people working on the frontlines of issues like climate change or other environmental issues or they may support people impacted by industrial or other disasters by providing pastoral care, presence, and rituals. Environmental chaplains may also bear witness to the Earth itself and represent the merging of science and spirituality. Their role can be to "usher in a new conscience and consciousness to find contentment, the appreciation of inner riches over outer wealth, quality over quantity" using universally appreciated values, such as honesty and vision.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sarah Vekasi<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> created a vision of eco-chaplaincy inspired by <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Macy" title="Joanna Macy">Joanna Macy</a>'s The Work that Reconnects,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and saw eco-chaplaincy as a path to facilitating the "Great Turning," which is described as the turning away from a business-as-usual way of being and turning toward a life-sustaining way that protects people and the planet.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care">Health care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Health care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many hospitals, nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and hospices employ chaplains to assist with the spiritual, religious, and emotional needs of patients, families and staff. Chaplains are often employed at residential care facilities for the elderly (RCFE) and skilled nursing facilities (SNF) as well. Chaplains care for people of all faiths and no faith. In mental health work, chaplains are highly skilled,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Please clarify the preceding statement or statements with a good explanation from a reliable source. (May 2018)">how?</span></a></i>]</sup> working with other therapists as part of a multi-disciplinary team, especially where the patient's mental health is associated with their religiosity, or where their mental well-being can be aided by spiritual care. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, health care chaplains who are board-certified have completed a minimum of four units of Clinical Pastoral Education training through The Association for Clinical Pastoral Education,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Healthcare Chaplains Ministry Association,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Institute for Clinical Pastoral Training;<sup id="cite_ref-certifiedchaplains.org_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-certifiedchaplains.org-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or The College of Pastoral Supervision and Psychotherapy<sup id="cite_ref-CPSP_Pastoral_Report_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPSP_Pastoral_Report-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and may be certified by one of the following organizations: The Spiritual Care Association,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Association of Professional Chaplains,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Association of Catholic Chaplains,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neshama: Association of Jewish Chaplains (formerly The National Association of Jewish Chaplains),<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Association of Certified Christian Chaplains,<sup id="cite_ref-certifiedchaplains.org_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-certifiedchaplains.org-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or The College of Pastoral Supervision and Psychotherapy.<sup id="cite_ref-CPSP_Pastoral_Report_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPSP_Pastoral_Report-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certification typically requires a Masters of Divinity degree (or its equivalent), faith group ordination or commissioning, faith group endorsement, and four units (1600 hours) of Clinical Pastoral Education (the <a href="/wiki/Military_Chaplains_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Chaplains Association">Military Chaplains Association of the United States of America</a> does require more, but they are a dod2088 501c-3 military support group founded in 1954 by Military Chaplains).<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain_Innovation_Lab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaplain Innovation Lab (page does not exist)">Chaplain Innovation Lab</a>, set up in 2008, has responded rapidly and creatively to the unique pastoral demands of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>; it has 3000 members world-wide.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Canada, health care chaplains may be certified by the Canadian Association for Spiritual Care. </p><p>In the UK, health care chaplains are employed by their local <a href="/wiki/NHS_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="NHS Trust">NHS Trust</a> (Health Boards in Scotland and Wales) or by <a href="/wiki/Charities" class="mw-redirect" title="Charities">charities</a> associated with delivering health care such as a <a href="/wiki/Hospice" title="Hospice">hospice</a> or private hospital. The NHS in England publishes occasional guidance on chaplaincy practice.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UK Chaplains are drawn from a range of faith and belief backgrounds, and are not necessarily ordained or a recognised faith leader. In Scotland Healthcare Chaplaincy developed to be 'generic' from 2002 onwards; that is the chaplaincy provides spiritual care to all people and chaplains do not represent a faith or belief group. They may work on a full-time and <a href="/wiki/Part-time_job" title="Part-time job">part-time</a> basis, and some work unpaid but with formal recognition for a faith or belief group regarding their training and status and may be termed <i>honorary</i> chaplain. The term <i>Voluntary</i> Chaplain is frowned on.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (October 2018)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> The largest <a href="/wiki/Professional_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional body">professional body</a> for the UK is the College of Health Care Chaplains.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scotland historically had a distinct professional body, the Scottish Association of Chaplains in Healthcare (SACH) but this has since dissolved. Northern Ireland also has the Healthcare Chaplains Association. Membership of the College of Health Care Chaplains was historically not open to Catholic Priests as it carries with it the membership of the Unite <a href="/wiki/Trade_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade Union">Trade Union</a>, but this changed in April 2018. Chaplains working in a <a href="/wiki/Palliative_care" title="Palliative care">palliative care</a> setting may also choose to join the Association of Hospice and Palliative Care Chaplains.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other less formal networks also exist supporting Chaplaincy in Paediatric settings and GP based Chaplaincy. </p><p>Within the UK there is also the UK Board of Healthcare Chaplaincy<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (UKBHC) which has been set up in order to regulate the ministry and professional practice of health care chaplains. They publish a code of conduct which all registered chaplains are bound to abide by. The UKBHC has successfully applied to the Professional Standards Authority<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to be an accredited register of healthcare chaplains demonstrating that it meets the Authority's high standards in areas such as governance and training. </p><p>Peer-reviewed journals that publish scholarly articles and research on healthcare chaplaincy include the <i>Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy (USA)</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the international journal <i>Health and Social Care Chaplaincy</i> (UK)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <i>Journal of Religion and Health</i> (US).<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cruise">Cruise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cruise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Working on board cruise ships, cruise chaplains provide pastoral and spiritual support to both passengers and crew members. With the co-operation of cruise companies, chaplains normally stay on board for the specific duration of a cruise. Catholic seafarers' charity <a href="/wiki/Apostleship_of_the_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostleship of the Sea">Apostleship of the Sea</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> currently deploys chaplains on board <a href="/wiki/P%26O_Cruises" title="P&O Cruises">P&O Cruises</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Cunard_Line" title="Cunard Line">Cunard Line</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ships during the Christmas and Easter periods. While ministering to passengers are part of Apostleship of the Sea's chaplains'<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> role, their main focus is the welfare of the crew, who can often spend many months at sea away from home. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic">Domestic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Domestic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A domestic chaplain was a chaplain attached to a <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">noble</a> <a href="/wiki/Household" title="Household">household</a> in order to grant the family a degree of self-sufficiency in religion. The chaplain was freed from any obligation to reside in a particular place so could travel with the family, internationally if necessary, and minister to their spiritual needs. Further, the family could appoint a chaplain who reflected their own doctrinal views. Domestic chaplains performed family christenings, funerals and weddings and were able to conduct services in the family's private chapel, excusing the nobility from attending public worship.<sup id="cite_ref-gibson_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibson-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In feudal times most laymen, and for centuries even most noblemen, were poorly educated and the chaplain would also be an important source of <a href="/wiki/Scholarship" title="Scholarship">scholarship</a> in the household, tutoring children and providing counsel to the family on matters broader than religion.<sup id="cite_ref-gibson_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibson-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">legal profession</a>, modern <a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">bureaucracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">civil service</a>, the literate clergy were often employed as <a href="/wiki/Secretary" title="Secretary">secretarial</a> staff, as in a <a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">chancery</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Hence the term <i>clerk</i>, derived from Latin <i>clericus</i> (clergyman).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This made them very influential in temporal affairs. There was also a moral impact since they heard the confessions of the elite.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The domestic chaplain was an important part of the life of the <a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">peerage</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> from the reign of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> to the middle of the 19th century. Up until 1840, <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> domestic chaplains were regulated by <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a> and enjoyed the substantial financial advantage of being able to purchase a <a href="/wiki/License" title="License">license</a> to hold two <a href="/wiki/Benefice" title="Benefice">benefices</a> simultaneously while residing in neither.<sup id="cite_ref-gibson_82-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibson-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many monarchies and major <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">noble</a> houses had, or still have, several domestic or private chaplains as part of their <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Household" title="Ecclesiastical Household">Ecclesiastical Household</a>, either following them or attached to a castle or other residence. Queen Elizabeth II had 36 Anglican chaplains, in addition to chaplains extraordinary and honorary chaplains appointed to minister to her. Castles with attached chaplains generally had at least one <a href="/wiki/Chapel_Royal" title="Chapel Royal">Chapel Royal</a>, sometimes as significant as a <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a>. A modern example is <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Chapel,_Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Chapel, Windsor">St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle</a>, also the home of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaplain_Office_York_Railway_Station.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chaplain_Office_York_Railway_Station.JPG/220px-Chaplain_Office_York_Railway_Station.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chaplain_Office_York_Railway_Station.JPG/330px-Chaplain_Office_York_Railway_Station.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chaplain_Office_York_Railway_Station.JPG/440px-Chaplain_Office_York_Railway_Station.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Chaplain's Office, <a href="/wiki/York_railway_station" title="York railway station">York railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are also chaplains to private clubs, television or radio stations, family, community teams, groups such as <a href="/wiki/Boys%27_Brigade" title="Boys' Brigade">Boys'</a> and <a href="/wiki/Girls%27_Brigade" title="Girls' Brigade">Girls' Brigade</a> companies and <a href="/wiki/Scouting" title="Scouting">Scout</a> troops, airports,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ships</a>, nightclubs, and theaters. </p><p>The term can also refer to priests attached to <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">convents</a>. There is also the position of <a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_His_Holiness" title="Chaplain of His Holiness">Chaplain of His Holiness</a>, a title granted by the Pope to certain priests who become part of the Papal Household and work with the Papal Chapel. Prior to 1968 they were called Supernumerary Privy Chamberlains. </p><p>In German-speaking countries, the German "Kaplan" is often translated as "chaplain", but in fact the two words are <a href="/wiki/False_friend" title="False friend">false friends</a>. "Kaplan" as generally used in German-speaking countries is better translated as <a href="/wiki/Curate" title="Curate">curate</a> in British usage, or assistant pastor in American usage.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="examining_chaplain"></span>In the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> and other Anglican churches, a Bishop's "<b>examining chaplain</b>(<b>s</b>)" are those (usually priests) who examine candidates for ordination and advise the bishop as to their suitability. This role, and ordination processes, have varied greatly in the churches' history and between the churches.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, the term <a href="/wiki/Dafydd_ap_Gwilym_Society#Caplaniaid_of_Y_Dafydd" title="Dafydd ap Gwilym Society">Caplan</a> is used for the position equivalent to president, for the head of the <a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymdeithas_Dafydd_ap_Gwilym" class="extiw" title="cy:Cymdeithas Dafydd ap Gwilym">Cymdeithas Dafydd ap Gwilym</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Dafydd_ap_Gwilym_Society" title="Dafydd ap Gwilym Society">Dafydd ap Gwilym Society</a>) the Oxford University Welsh society, named after the 14th-century Welsh poet, Dafydd ap Gwilym. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Gallery</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_Provoost-Bishop_Episcopal_Church_USA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samuel Provoost, First Chaplain of the Continental Congress, 1789"><img alt="Samuel Provoost, First Chaplain of the Continental Congress, 1789" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Samuel_Provoost-Bishop_Episcopal_Church_USA.jpg/149px-Samuel_Provoost-Bishop_Episcopal_Church_USA.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Samuel_Provoost-Bishop_Episcopal_Church_USA.jpg/224px-Samuel_Provoost-Bishop_Episcopal_Church_USA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Samuel_Provoost-Bishop_Episcopal_Church_USA.jpg/299px-Samuel_Provoost-Bishop_Episcopal_Church_USA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="468" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Provoost" title="Samuel Provoost">Samuel Provoost</a>, First Chaplain of the Continental Congress, 1789</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maryland,_Germantown._Headquarters_Christian_Commission_in_the_Field._-_NARA_-_533327.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maryland, Germantown. Headquarters Christian Commission in the Field, 1863"><img alt="Maryland, Germantown. Headquarters Christian Commission in the Field, 1863" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Maryland%2C_Germantown._Headquarters_Christian_Commission_in_the_Field._-_NARA_-_533327.jpg/154px-Maryland%2C_Germantown._Headquarters_Christian_Commission_in_the_Field._-_NARA_-_533327.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Maryland%2C_Germantown._Headquarters_Christian_Commission_in_the_Field._-_NARA_-_533327.jpg/231px-Maryland%2C_Germantown._Headquarters_Christian_Commission_in_the_Field._-_NARA_-_533327.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Maryland%2C_Germantown._Headquarters_Christian_Commission_in_the_Field._-_NARA_-_533327.jpg/308px-Maryland%2C_Germantown._Headquarters_Christian_Commission_in_the_Field._-_NARA_-_533327.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2468" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maryland, Germantown. Headquarters Christian Commission in the Field, 1863</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanzer_-_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Military Field Rabbi Dr. Aaron Tänzer during World War I, with the ribbon of the Iron Cross.[85] The brassard of the red cross shows him as noncombatant. He wears the Star of David as insignium"><img alt="Military Field Rabbi Dr. Aaron Tänzer during World War I, with the ribbon of the Iron Cross.[85] The brassard of the red cross shows him as noncombatant. He wears the Star of David as insignium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tanzer_-_1917.jpg/138px-Tanzer_-_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tanzer_-_1917.jpg/208px-Tanzer_-_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Tanzer_-_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="335" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Military Field <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a> Dr. <a href="/wiki/Aaron_T%C3%A4nzer" title="Aaron Tänzer">Aaron Tänzer</a> during World War I, with the ribbon of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The brassard of the red cross shows him as noncombatant. He wears the <a href="/wiki/Magen_david" class="mw-redirect" title="Magen david">Star of David</a> as insignium</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pastoral_Care.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rabbi Ralph Kreger, BCC with a patient's family member at Lenox Hill Hospital (part of the North Shore LIJ health system)"><img alt="Rabbi Ralph Kreger, BCC with a patient's family member at Lenox Hill Hospital (part of the North Shore LIJ health system)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pastoral_Care.jpg/154px-Pastoral_Care.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pastoral_Care.jpg/231px-Pastoral_Care.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pastoral_Care.jpg/308px-Pastoral_Care.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rabbi Ralph Kreger, BCC with a patient's family member at <a href="/wiki/Lenox_Hill_Hospital" title="Lenox Hill Hospital">Lenox Hill Hospital</a> (part of the North Shore LIJ health system)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FatherDuffyMonument.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monument to Chaplain Father Francis Duffy in Times Square (click for obverse text)"><img alt="Monument to Chaplain Father Francis Duffy in Times Square (click for obverse text)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/FatherDuffyMonument.jpg/82px-FatherDuffyMonument.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/FatherDuffyMonument.jpg/123px-FatherDuffyMonument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/FatherDuffyMonument.jpg/164px-FatherDuffyMonument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="1635" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monument to <a href="/wiki/Francis_P._Duffy" title="Francis P. Duffy">Chaplain Father Francis Duffy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a> (click for obverse text)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Four_Chaplains_glass1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="'Four Chaplains' stained glass window, U.S. Pentagon"><img alt="'Four Chaplains' stained glass window, U.S. Pentagon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Four_Chaplains_glass1.png/141px-Four_Chaplains_glass1.png" decoding="async" width="141" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Four_Chaplains_glass1.png/211px-Four_Chaplains_glass1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Four_Chaplains_glass1.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">'Four Chaplains' stained glass window, U.S. <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">Pentagon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hospital_chaplain.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A hospitalized man receives communion from a chaplain, Guadalajara, Mexico"><img alt="A hospitalized man receives communion from a chaplain, Guadalajara, Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hospital_chaplain.jpg/150px-Hospital_chaplain.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hospital_chaplain.jpg/225px-Hospital_chaplain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hospital_chaplain.jpg/300px-Hospital_chaplain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A hospitalized man receives communion from a chaplain, <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara,_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalajara, Mexico">Guadalajara, Mexico</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChaplainSaif_Bush.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="President George W. Bush congratulates Navy Chaplain, Imam Abuhena Saifulislam, the first U.S. Navy Muslim chaplain assigned to the Marine Corps"><img alt="President George W. Bush congratulates Navy Chaplain, Imam Abuhena Saifulislam, the first U.S. Navy Muslim chaplain assigned to the Marine Corps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/ChaplainSaif_Bush.jpg/154px-ChaplainSaif_Bush.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/ChaplainSaif_Bush.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> congratulates Navy Chaplain, Imam <a href="/wiki/Abuhena_Saifulislam" title="Abuhena Saifulislam">Abuhena Saifulislam</a>, the first U.S. Navy Muslim chaplain assigned to the Marine Corps</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VietnamCombatArtProgramCAT01PaulRickertReligiousServices.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Religious Services 1st Cav AKA Thy Rod and Thy Staff, They Comfort Me by Paul Rickert, U. S. Army Vietnam Combat Artists Program, Team IX (CAT I 1966). Courtesy National Museum of the U. S. Army."><img alt="Religious Services 1st Cav AKA Thy Rod and Thy Staff, They Comfort Me by Paul Rickert, U. S. Army Vietnam Combat Artists Program, Team IX (CAT I 1966). Courtesy National Museum of the U. S. Army." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/VietnamCombatArtProgramCAT01PaulRickertReligiousServices.jpg/154px-VietnamCombatArtProgramCAT01PaulRickertReligiousServices.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/VietnamCombatArtProgramCAT01PaulRickertReligiousServices.jpg/231px-VietnamCombatArtProgramCAT01PaulRickertReligiousServices.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/VietnamCombatArtProgramCAT01PaulRickertReligiousServices.jpg/308px-VietnamCombatArtProgramCAT01PaulRickertReligiousServices.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="343" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Religious Services 1st Cav AKA Thy Rod and Thy Staff, They Comfort Me by Paul Rickert, U. S. Army <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Combat_Artists_Program" title="Vietnam Combat Artists Program">Vietnam Combat Artists Program</a>, Team IX (CAT I 1966). Courtesy <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Army" title="National Museum of the United States Army">National Museum of the U. S. Army</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:First_US_Navy_Muslim_Chaplain.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frocking ceremony for U.S. Navy's first Muslim chaplain, when Navy (rabbi) Chaplain Arnold Resnicoff attaches new shoulder boards with Muslim Chaplain crescent insignia to uniform of Imam Monje Malak Abd al-Muta Noel Jr, 1996."><img alt="Frocking ceremony for U.S. Navy's first Muslim chaplain, when Navy (rabbi) Chaplain Arnold Resnicoff attaches new shoulder boards with Muslim Chaplain crescent insignia to uniform of Imam Monje Malak Abd al-Muta Noel Jr, 1996." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/First_US_Navy_Muslim_Chaplain.jpeg/154px-First_US_Navy_Muslim_Chaplain.jpeg" decoding="async" width="154" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/First_US_Navy_Muslim_Chaplain.jpeg/231px-First_US_Navy_Muslim_Chaplain.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/First_US_Navy_Muslim_Chaplain.jpeg/308px-First_US_Navy_Muslim_Chaplain.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1279" data-file-height="870" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Frocking" title="Frocking">Frocking</a> ceremony for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a>'s first Muslim chaplain, when Navy (rabbi) Chaplain <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Resnicoff" title="Arnold Resnicoff">Arnold Resnicoff</a> attaches new shoulder boards with Muslim Chaplain crescent insignia to uniform of Imam Monje Malak Abd al-Muta Noel Jr, 1996.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FEMA_-_5697_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_09-30-2001_in_New_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An American chaplain in September 2001."><img alt="An American chaplain in September 2001." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FEMA_-_5697_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_09-30-2001_in_New_York.jpg/154px-FEMA_-_5697_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_09-30-2001_in_New_York.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FEMA_-_5697_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_09-30-2001_in_New_York.jpg/231px-FEMA_-_5697_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_09-30-2001_in_New_York.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FEMA_-_5697_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_09-30-2001_in_New_York.jpg/308px-FEMA_-_5697_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_09-30-2001_in_New_York.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An American chaplain in September 2001.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_United_States_prisons" title="Religion in United States prisons">Religion in United States prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_chaplain_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="United States military chaplain symbols">United States military chaplain symbols</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMorgan" class="citation web cs1">Morgan, Hugh H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080905050247/http://chaplains.iphc.org/stories/etymology.html">"The Etymology of the Word Chaplain"</a>. International Pentecostal Holiness Church Ministries. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chaplains.iphc.org/stories/etymology.html">the original</a> on September 5, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2021</span>. <q>The cappellanus (chaplain) was a member of one institution – a priest of the church serving in another institution – the king's army.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Etymology+of+the+Word+Chaplain&rft.pub=International+Pentecostal+Holiness+Church+Ministries&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Hugh+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchaplains.iphc.org%2Fstories%2Fetymology.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLegood1999" class="citation book cs1">Legood, Giles (1999). <i>Chaplaincy: the church's sector ministries</i>. London: Cassell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0304702954" title="Special:BookSources/978-0304702954"><bdi>978-0304702954</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chaplaincy%3A+the+church%27s+sector+ministries&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0304702954&rft.aulast=Legood&rft.aufirst=Giles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanistchaplaincies.org/">"Humanist Chaplaincies"</a>. <i>humanistchaplaincies.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=humanistchaplaincies.org&rft.atitle=Humanist+Chaplaincies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhumanistchaplaincies.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norman, J. (2004). At The Heart of Education: School Chaplaincy and Pastoral Care. Dublin: Veritas.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cargocollective.com/wwwmulti-faith-spacesorg">"Multi-Faith [Spaces]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a></i>. March 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015213253/http://www.multi-faith-spaces.org/">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Manchester&rft.atitle=Multi-Faith+%5BSpaces%5D&rft.date=2012-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcargocollective.com%2Fwwwmulti-faith-spacesorg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tuggerahlakeschaplai.domain.com/styled-3/index.html">"What are school chaplains"</a>. Tuggerah Lakes Chaplains. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140125054025/http://www.tuggerahlakeschaplains.com/styled-3/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+are+school+chaplains&rft.pub=Tuggerah+Lakes+Chaplains&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftuggerahlakeschaplai.domain.com%2Fstyled-3%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaly2013" class="citation web cs1">Daly, Brian (October 11, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://torontosun.com/2013/10/11/religious-education-out-spiritual-animators-in-at-quebec-schools/wcm/14c2bdcd-0efd-4d55-b876-943cf528b11b">"Religious education out, 'spiritual animators' in at Quebec schools"</a>. <i>torontosun.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=torontosun.com&rft.atitle=Religious+education+out%2C+%27spiritual+animators%27+in+at+Quebec+schools&rft.date=2013-10-11&rft.aulast=Daly&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftorontosun.com%2F2013%2F10%2F11%2Freligious-education-out-spiritual-animators-in-at-quebec-schools%2Fwcm%2F14c2bdcd-0efd-4d55-b876-943cf528b11b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDallaire2013" class="citation book cs1">Dallaire, Michael (December 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ylZKAgAAQBAJ&q=spiritual+animator&pg=PA228">"Spirituality in Canadian Education"</a>. In Watson, Jacqueline; Souza, Marian de; Trousdale, Ann (eds.). <i>Global Perspectives on Spirituality and Education</i>. Routledge Research in Education. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136199127" title="Special:BookSources/9781136199127"><bdi>9781136199127</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Spirituality+in+Canadian+Education&rft.btitle=Global+Perspectives+on+Spirituality+and+Education&rft.series=Routledge+Research+in+Education&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-12-04&rft.isbn=9781136199127&rft.aulast=Dallaire&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DylZKAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dspiritual%2Banimator%26pg%3DPA228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraceJoseph2007" class="citation book cs1">Grace, Gerald; Joseph, SJ O'Keefe (December 7, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AQGTTvm1HYYC&pg=PA334"><i>International Handbook of Catholic Education: Challenges for School Systems in the 21st Century</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-5776-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-5776-2"><bdi>978-1-4020-5776-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Handbook+of+Catholic+Education%3A+Challenges+for+School+Systems+in+the+21st+Century&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007-12-07&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-5776-2&rft.aulast=Grace&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.au=Joseph%2C+SJ+O%27Keefe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAQGTTvm1HYYC%26pg%3DPA334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeamanArragon2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lori_G._Beaman" title="Lori G. Beaman">Beaman, Lori G.</a>; Arragon, Leo Van, eds. (February 5, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JB6oBgAAQBAJ&q=chaplains+as+animators&pg=PA189"><i>Issues in Religion and Education: Whose Religion?</i></a>. Leiden: <a href="/wiki/Koninklijke_Brill" class="mw-redirect" title="Koninklijke Brill">Koninklijke Brill</a>. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004289819" title="Special:BookSources/9789004289819"><bdi>9789004289819</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Issues+in+Religion+and+Education%3A+Whose+Religion%3F&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Koninklijke+Brill&rft.date=2015-02-05&rft.isbn=9789004289819&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJB6oBgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dchaplains%2Bas%2Banimators%26pg%3DPA189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-08-28/revised-chaplaincy-funding-moves-labelled-arrogant-disgraceful/5702012">"Revised school chaplaincy funding arrangements labelled 'arrogant and disgraceful' by High Court challenger"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. August 27, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Revised+school+chaplaincy+funding+arrangements+labelled+%27arrogant+and+disgraceful%27+by+High+Court+challenger&rft.date=2014-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2014-08-28%2Frevised-chaplaincy-funding-moves-labelled-arrogant-disgraceful%2F5702012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genr8.org.au/chaplains/about">"About Chaplaincy"</a>. Sydney: Genr8 Ministries<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Chaplaincy&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Genr8+Ministries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genr8.org.au%2Fchaplains%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140628233705/http://docs.education.gov.au/documents/national-school-chaplaincy-and-student-welfare-program-statistics">"National School Chaplaincy and Student Welfare Program Statistics"</a>. Australian Government Department of Education. September 27, 2013. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.atitle=Journal+of+Health+Care+Chaplaincy%3A+Vol+23%2C+No+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Ftoc%2Fwhcc20%2Fcurrent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.equinoxpub.com/home/journals/hscc-parent/">"Health and Social Care Chaplaincy -Equinox Publishing"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Health+and+Social+Care+Chaplaincy+-Equinox+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.equinoxpub.com%2Fhome%2Fjournals%2Fhscc-parent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/journal/10943">"Journal of Religion and Health (Springer, New York, USA)"</a>. <i>Journal of Religion and Health</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Religion+and+Health&rft.atitle=Journal+of+Religion+and+Health+%28Springer%2C+New+York%2C+USA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fjournal%2F10943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apostleshipofthesea.org.uk/">"Apostleship of the Sea Welcomes You – AoS"</a>. <i>apostleshipofthesea.org.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apostleshipofthesea.org.uk&rft.atitle=Apostleship+of+the+Sea+Welcomes+You+%E2%80%93+AoS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapostleshipofthesea.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruises" class="citation web cs1">Cruises, P&O. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pocruises.com/?gclid=COT8_5qPkcQCFWL3wgodc6AAUQ">"P&O Cruises: 2017, 2018 & 2019 Cruise Holidays"</a>. <i>www.pocruises.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pocruises.com&rft.atitle=P%26O+Cruises%3A+2017%2C+2018+%26+2019+Cruise+Holidays&rft.aulast=Cruises&rft.aufirst=P%26O&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pocruises.com%2F%3Fgclid%3DCOT8_5qPkcQCFWL3wgodc6AAUQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUK" class="citation web cs1">UK, Cunard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cunard.co.uk/">"Cruise Vacations"</a>. <i>Cunard</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cunard&rft.atitle=Cruise+Vacations&rft.aulast=UK&rft.aufirst=Cunard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cunard.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apostleshipofthesea.org.uk/cruise-chaplaincy">"Cruise Chaplaincy – AoS"</a>. <i>apostleshipofthesea.org.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apostleshipofthesea.org.uk&rft.atitle=Cruise+Chaplaincy+%E2%80%93+AoS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapostleshipofthesea.org.uk%2Fcruise-chaplaincy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gibson-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gibson_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gibson_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gibson_82-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gibson (1997) <i>pp</i>1–6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_%26_Argus" title="Telegraph & Argus">Telegraph & Argus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/8391788.leeds-bradford-airport-launches-chaplaincy-service/">Leeds Bradford Airport launches chaplaincy service</a>, published 2010, accessed 3 July 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Selection and Formation for Ministry as a Priest in the Diocese of Eastern Newfoundland and Labrador, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220111130214/https://anglicanenl.net/home/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/ordinationpamphlet.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20220111130214/https://anglicanenl.net/home/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/ordinationpamphlet.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He also earned the <a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross" title="Knight's Cross">Knight's Cross</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Franz_Joseph" title="Order of Franz Joseph">Order of Franz Joseph</a>, among others. Tänzer served at the front, looked after soldiers, organised <a href="/wiki/Soup_kitchen" title="Soup kitchen">soup kitchens</a> for the suffering populace and served in military hospitals.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081229033706/http://www.apu.edu/theology/faculty/palexander/">Paul Alexander</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cascadiapublishinghouse.com/ptw/ptw.htm">Cascadia Publishing House: PEACE TO WAR: Shifting Allegiances in the Assemblies of God</a> <i>Peace to War: Shifting Allegiances in the Assemblies of God]</i>. Telford, PA: Cascadia Publishing/Herald Press. This book contains a scholarly analysis of the impact of Pentecostal military chaplaincy during the 20th century.</li> <li>Baker, Alan T. (2021). <i>Foundations of Chaplaincy: A Practical Guide</i>. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7749-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7749-9">978-0-8028-7749-9</a>.</li> <li>Bergen, Doris. L., (ed), 2004. <i>The Sword of the Lord: Military Chaplains from the First to the Twenty-First Century</i>. University of Notre Dame Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-268-02176-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-268-02176-7">0-268-02176-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson,_W.1997" class="citation book cs1">Gibson, W. (1997). <i>A Social History of the Domestic Chaplain, 1530–1840</i>. London: Leicester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7185-0093-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7185-0093-1"><bdi>978-0-7185-0093-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+of+the+Domestic+Chaplain%2C+1530%E2%80%931840&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Leicester+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7185-0093-1&rft.au=Gibson%2C+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaplain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Nay, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll2&CISOPTR=1627&CISOBOX=1&REC=2">"The Operational, Social, Religious Influences Upon The Army Chaplain Field Manual, 1926–1952"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130119022702/http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll2&CISOPTR=1627&CISOBOX=1&REC=2">Archived</a> January 19, 2013, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>.</li> <li>Norman, James (2004). <i>At the Heart of Education: School Chaplaincy and Pastoral Care</i>. Dublin: Veritas Publications. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85390-752-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85390-752-9">1-85390-752-9</a>.</li> <li>Paget, Naomi & McCormack, Janet (2006). <i>The Work of the Chaplain.</i> Valley Forge: Judson Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8170-1499-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8170-1499-3">0-8170-1499-3</a>.</li> <li>Smith, John C. <i>Chaplain</i>. International Chaplains Association.</li> <li>Swift, Christopher & Cobb, Mark & Todd, Andrew (2016). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315564784/handbook-chaplaincy-studies-mark-cobb-christopher-swift-andrew-todd">A Handbook of Chaplaincy Studies</a></i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315564784" title="Special:BookSources/9781315564784">ISBN 9781315564784</a></li> <li>VandeCreek, Larry & Lucas, Art (2001). <i>The Discipline for Pastoral Care Giving: Foundations for Outcome Oriented Chaplaincy.</i> Binghamton: The Haworth Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7890-1345-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7890-1345-2">0-7890-1345-2</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplain&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chaplains" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chaplains">Chaplains</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chaplain" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:chaplain"><i> chaplain</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chaplain">"chaplain"</a>, <i>Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chaplain-ministries.com">"chaplain"</a>, <i>Chaplaincy certification and Training</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.starnow.co.uk/christopherw33618/photos/6013982/fury-2nd-armoured-division-chaplain-movie-film-chris-wilson-ww2-sherman-tank-tiger-war">Unit Chaplain on the WW2 Movie Fury</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141104072218/http://www.starnow.co.uk/christopherw33618/photos/6013982/fury-2nd-armoured-division-chaplain-movie-film-chris-wilson-ww2-sherman-tank-tiger-war">Archived</a> November 4, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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