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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ancient Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_Rome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Rome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ancient Rome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Rome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Ancient China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Modern day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Styles_and_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styles_and_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Styles and designs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Styles_and_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Materials</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Materials-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Materials subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Common_softwoods_used_for_furniture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_softwoods_used_for_furniture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Common softwoods used for furniture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_softwoods_used_for_furniture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cedar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cedar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Cedar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cedar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Fir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Pine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_hardwoods_used_for_furniture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_hardwoods_used_for_furniture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Common hardwoods used for furniture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_hardwoods_used_for_furniture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Ash</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Beech</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Birch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cherry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cherry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Cherry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cherry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mahogany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahogany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.5</span> <span>Mahogany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahogany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6</span> <span>Oak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.7</span> <span>Maple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Factors_in_choosing_materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factors_in_choosing_materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Factors in choosing materials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Factors_in_choosing_materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Woods_with_good_working_properties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Woods_with_good_working_properties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Woods with good working properties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Woods_with_good_working_properties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Very_durable_woods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Very_durable_woods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Very durable woods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Very_durable_woods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Woods_used_for_carving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Woods_used_for_carving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Woods used for carving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Woods_used_for_carving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tools</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tools-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tools subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hand_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hand_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Hand tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hand_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Power_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Power tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_woodworkers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_woodworkers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable woodworkers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_woodworkers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Woodworking</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مشغولات خشبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشغولات خشبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="কাঠের কাজ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাঠের কাজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дървообработка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дървообработка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treball_de_la_fusta" title="Treball de la fusta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Treball de la fusta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obr%C3%A1b%C4%9Bn%C3%AD_d%C5%99eva" title="Obrábění dřeva – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obrábění dřeva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holzverarbeitung" title="Holzverarbeitung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Holzverarbeitung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9E%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Ξυλουργική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ξυλουργική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabajo_en_madera" title="Trabajo en madera – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Trabajo en madera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignoprilaboro" title="Lignoprilaboro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lignoprilaboro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egurgintza" title="Egurgintza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Egurgintza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="هنرهای چوبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنرهای چوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travail_du_bois" title="Travail du bois – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Travail du bois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="लांकडी कलाकाम – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="लांकडी कलाकाम" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A9%EA%B3%B5" title="목공 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="목공" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obrada_drveta" title="Obrada drveta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Obrada drveta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengerjaan_kayu" title="Pengerjaan kayu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengerjaan kayu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A2%D7%A5" title="עיבוד עץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיבוד עץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%88_%D3%A9%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Ағаш өңдеу – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ағаш өңдеу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokapstr%C4%81de" title="Kokapstrāde – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kokapstrāde" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houtbewerking" title="Houtbewerking – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Houtbewerking" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5" title="木工 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="木工" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duradgorlik" title="Duradgorlik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Duradgorlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obr%C3%B3bka_drewna" title="Obróbka drewna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obróbka drewna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Деревообработка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Деревообработка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodworking" title="Woodworking – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Woodworking" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%BA_%D8%AC%D9%88_%DA%AA%D9%85" title="ڪاٺ جو ڪم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاٺ جو ڪم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="چوب کاری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چوب کاری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5" title="木工 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="木工" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5" title="木工 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="木工" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Woodwork" redirects here. For the Fred Frith album, see <a href="/wiki/Woodwork_(album)" title="Woodwork (album)">Woodwork (album)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ing%C3%A5_hembygdsmuseum_Gammelg%C3%A5rden_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ing%C3%A5_hembygdsmuseum_Gammelg%C3%A5rden_09.jpg/300px-Ing%C3%A5_hembygdsmuseum_Gammelg%C3%A5rden_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ing%C3%A5_hembygdsmuseum_Gammelg%C3%A5rden_09.jpg/450px-Ing%C3%A5_hembygdsmuseum_Gammelg%C3%A5rden_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ing%C3%A5_hembygdsmuseum_Gammelg%C3%A5rden_09.jpg/600px-Ing%C3%A5_hembygdsmuseum_Gammelg%C3%A5rden_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6027" data-file-height="4018" /></a><figcaption>Wooden house with wooden furniture, spinning wheel, loom and various tools</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodcarvings_of_cranes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Woodcarvings_of_cranes.jpg/220px-Woodcarvings_of_cranes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Woodcarvings_of_cranes.jpg/330px-Woodcarvings_of_cranes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Woodcarvings_of_cranes.jpg/440px-Woodcarvings_of_cranes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>Artists can use woodworking to create delicate <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculptures</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Woodworking</b> is the skill of making items from <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>, and includes <a href="/wiki/Cabinetry" title="Cabinetry">cabinetry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">furniture</a> making, <a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">wood carving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodworking_joints" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodworking joints">joinery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">carpentry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Woodturning" title="Woodturning">woodturning</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> and animal parts, wood was one of the first materials worked by <a href="/wiki/Early_human" class="mw-redirect" title="Early human">early humans</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lithic_analysis" title="Lithic analysis">Microwear analysis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a> <a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">stone tools</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthals</a> show that many were used to work wood. The development of civilization was closely tied to the development of increasingly greater degrees of skill in working these materials. </p><p>Among early finds of wooden tools are the worked sticks from <a href="/wiki/Kalambo_Falls" title="Kalambo Falls">Kalambo Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clacton-on-Sea" title="Clacton-on-Sea">Clacton-on-Sea</a> and Lehringen. The <a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">spears</a> from <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen" title="Schöningen">Schöningen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>) provide some of the first examples of wooden hunting implements. <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">Flint</a> tools were used for carving. Since <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic times</a>, carved wooden vessels are known, for example, from the <a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear Pottery culture</a> <a href="/wiki/Water_well" class="mw-redirect" title="Water well">wells</a> at Kückhofen and Eythra. </p><p>Examples of <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> wood-carving include <a href="/wiki/Tree_trunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree trunk">tree trunks</a> worked into <a href="/wiki/Coffin" title="Coffin">coffins</a> from northern Germany and <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and wooden <a href="/wiki/Folding_chair" title="Folding chair">folding-chairs</a>. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_by_country" title="List of archaeological sites by country">site</a> of Fellbach-Schmieden in Germany has provided fine examples of wooden animal statues from the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>. Wooden <a href="/wiki/Cult_image" title="Cult image">idols</a> from the <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène</a> period known from a sanctuary at the source of the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Egypt">Ancient Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancient Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maler_der_Grabkammer_der_Bildhauer_Nebamun_und_Ipuki_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Maler_der_Grabkammer_der_Bildhauer_Nebamun_und_Ipuki_004.jpg/220px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_der_Bildhauer_Nebamun_und_Ipuki_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Maler_der_Grabkammer_der_Bildhauer_Nebamun_und_Ipuki_004.jpg/330px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_der_Bildhauer_Nebamun_und_Ipuki_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Maler_der_Grabkammer_der_Bildhauer_Nebamun_und_Ipuki_004.jpg/440px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_der_Bildhauer_Nebamun_und_Ipuki_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2053" /></a><figcaption>Ancient Egyptian woodworking</figcaption></figure> <p>There is significant evidence of advanced woodworking in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Killen1994_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Killen1994-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Woodworking is depicted in many extant ancient Egyptian drawings, and a considerable amount of ancient Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">furniture</a> (such as stools, <a href="/wiki/Chair" title="Chair">chairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Table_(furniture)" title="Table (furniture)">tables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bed" title="Bed">beds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chest_(furniture)" title="Chest (furniture)">chests</a>) have been preserved. Tombs represent a large collection of these artifacts and the inner coffins found in the tombs were also made of wood. The <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Egyptians" title="Egyptians">Egyptians</a> for woodworking tools was originally <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> and eventually, after 2000 BC <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> as <a href="/wiki/Iron_working" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron working">iron working</a> was unknown until much later.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commonly used woodworking tools included <a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">axes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">adzes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chisel" title="Chisel">chisels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saw" title="Saw">pull saws</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">bow drills</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mortise_and_tenon" title="Mortise and tenon">Mortise and tenon</a> joints are attested from the earliest <a href="/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Predynastic Egypt">Predynastic period</a>. These joints were strengthened using pegs, <a href="/wiki/Butt_joint" title="Butt joint">dowels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">cord</a> lashings. <a href="/wiki/Animal_glue" title="Animal glue">Animal glue</a> came to be used only in the <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancient Egyptians invented the art of <a href="/wiki/Wood_veneer" title="Wood veneer">veneering</a> and used <a href="/wiki/Varnish" title="Varnish">varnishes</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wood_finishing" title="Wood finishing">finishing</a>, though the composition of these varnishes is unknown. Although different native <a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">acacias</a> were used, as was the wood from the local <a href="/wiki/Ficus_sycomorus" title="Ficus sycomorus">sycamore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamarisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamarisk">tamarisk</a> trees, <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nile_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile valley">Nile valley</a> resulted in the need for the importation of wood, notably <a href="/wiki/Cedrus_libani" title="Cedrus libani">cedar</a>, but also <a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleppo Pine">Aleppo pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buxus" title="Buxus">boxwood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, starting from the <a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Dynasty">Second Dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Rome">Ancient Rome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient Rome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Woodworking was essential to the Romans. It provided, material for buildings, transportation, tools, and household items. Wood also provided pipes, dye, waterproofing materials, and energy for heat.<sup id="cite_ref-Ulrich2008_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ulrich2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1">: 1 </span></sup>Although most examples of Roman woodworking have been lost,<sup id="cite_ref-Ulrich2008_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ulrich2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> the literary record preserved much of the contemporary knowledge. <a href="/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a> dedicates an entire chapter of his <i><a href="/wiki/De_architectura" title="De architectura">De architectura</a></i> to timber, preserving many details.<sup id="cite_ref-Vitruvius_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vitruvius-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a>, while not a botanist, dedicated six books of his <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)"><i>Natural History</i></a> to trees and woody plants, providing a wealth of information on trees and their uses.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_China">Ancient China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancient China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The progenitors of Chinese woodworking are considered to be <a href="/wiki/Lu_Ban" title="Lu Ban">Lu Ban</a> (魯班) and his wife Lady Yun, from the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a> (771 to 476 BC). Lu Ban is said to have introduced the <a href="/wiki/Plane_(tool)" title="Plane (tool)">plane</a>, chalk-line, and other tools to China. His teachings were supposedly left behind in the book <i>Lu Ban Jing</i> (魯班經, "Manuscript of Lu Ban"). Despite this, it is believed that the text was written some 1500 years after his death. This book is filled largely with descriptions of dimensions for use in building various items such as <a href="/wiki/Flower_pot" class="mw-redirect" title="Flower pot">flower pots</a>, tables, <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altars</a>, etc., and also contains extensive instructions concerning <a href="/wiki/Feng_Shui" class="mw-redirect" title="Feng Shui">Feng Shui</a>. It mentions almost nothing of the intricate glue-less and nail-less <a href="/wiki/Woodworking_joints" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodworking joints">joinery</a> for which <a href="/wiki/Chinese_furniture" title="Chinese furniture">Chinese furniture</a> was so famous. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_day">Modern day</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodworkdamas.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Woodworkdamas.JPG/170px-Woodworkdamas.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Woodworkdamas.JPG/255px-Woodworkdamas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Woodworkdamas.JPG/340px-Woodworkdamas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascene</a> woodworkers <a href="/wiki/Wood_turning" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood turning">turning</a> wood for <a href="/wiki/Mashrabiya" title="Mashrabiya">Mashrabiya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hookah" title="Hookah">hookahs</a>, 19th century</figcaption></figure> <p>With the advances in modern technology and the demands of industry, woodwork as a field has changed. The development of Computer Numeric Controlled (<a href="/wiki/CNC" class="mw-redirect" title="CNC">CNC</a>) Machines, for example, has made it possible to mass-produce and reproduce products faster, with less waste, and often with more complex design than ever before. <a href="/wiki/CNC_wood_router" title="CNC wood router">CNC wood routers</a> can carve complicated and highly detailed shapes into flat stock, to create signs or art. Rechargeable <a href="/wiki/Power_tool" title="Power tool">power tools</a> speed up creation of many projects and require much less body strength than in the past, for example when boring multiple holes. Skilled fine woodworking, however, remains a craft pursued by many. There remains demand for hand crafted work such as furniture and arts, however with rate and cost of production, the cost for consumers is much higher. Modern <a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">woodcarving</a> usually refers to works of wood art produced by woodcarvers in the form of contemporary art. This type of wood carving often combines traditional techniques with more modern artistic styles and concepts. Modern woodcarving can be produced in a variety of forms and styles, from realist to abstract carvings, and often uses unusual wood materials such as rainwood or wood with unique textures to highlight the uniqueness of the work. In recent years, the art of modern wood carving has become increasingly popular among woodworkers and visual art enthusiasts not only in Asia, but also around the world. Modern woodcarving art is often exhibited in art galleries and museums, and can be seen in several global contemporary art exhibitions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Styles_and_designs">Styles and designs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Styles and designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Woodworking, especially furniture making, has many different designs/styles. Throughout its history, woodworking designs and styles have changed. Some of the more common styles are listed below. Traditional furniture styles usually include styles that have been around for long periods of time and have shown a mark of wealth and luxury for centuries. More modern furniture styles are commonly used over the past few hundred years.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Common woodworking/furniture styles </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Traditional & timeless styles </th> <th>Modern furniture styles </th></tr> <tr> <td>Jacobean </td> <td>Antique </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dutch </td> <td>American colonial </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Victorian_decorative_arts" title="Victorian decorative arts">Victorian</a> </td> <td>Traditional </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> </td> <td>Vintage </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sheraton </td> <td>Rustic </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Retro_style" title="Retro style">Retro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Modern </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minimalism" title="Minimalism">Minimalism</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">Contemporary</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materials">Materials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Materials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>See also <a href="/wiki/Wood_properties" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood properties">Wood: Properties</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tonewood#Mechanical_properties_of_tonewoods" title="Tonewood">Tonewood: Properties</a>. </p><p>Historically, woodworkers relied upon the woods native to their region, until transportation and trade innovations made more exotic woods available to the craftsman. Woods are typically sorted into three basic types: <a href="/wiki/Hardwood" title="Hardwood">hardwoods</a> typified by tight <a href="/wiki/Wood_grain" title="Wood grain">grain</a> and derived from <a href="/wiki/Broadleaf_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadleaf tree">broadleaf trees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Softwood" title="Softwood">softwoods</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">coniferous</a> trees, and man-made materials such as <a href="/wiki/Plywood" title="Plywood">plywood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medium-density_fibreboard" title="Medium-density fibreboard">MDF</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hardwood" title="Hardwood">Hardwoods</a>, botanically known as angiosperms, are deciduous and shed their leaves annually with temperature changes.<sup id="cite_ref-www.hardwooddistributors.org_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.hardwooddistributors.org-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Softwoods come from trees botanically known as <a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">gymnosperms</a>, which are coniferous, cone-bearing, and stay green year round.<sup id="cite_ref-www.hardwooddistributors.org_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.hardwooddistributors.org-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although a general pattern, <a href="/wiki/Softwood" title="Softwood">softwoods</a> are not necessarily always “softer” than hardwoods, and vice versa.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Softwood is most commonly found in the regions of the world with lower temperatures and is typically less durable, lighter in weight, and more vulnerable to pests and fungal attacks in comparison to hardwoods. They typically have a paler color and a more open grain than hardwoods, which contributes to the tendency of felled softwood to shrink and swell as it dries.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Softwoods usually have a lower density, around 432–592 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, which can compromise its strength.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Density, however, does vary within both softwoods and hardwoods depending on the wood's geographical origin and growth rate. However, the lower density of softwoods also allows it to have a greater strength with lighter weight. In the United States, softwoods are typically cheaper and more readily available and accessible.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most softwoods are suitable for general construction, especially framing, trim, and finish work, and carcassing.<sup id="cite_ref-Korn-2003_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korn-2003-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hardwoods are separated into two categories, temperate and tropical hardwoods, depending on their origin. Temperate hardwoods are found in the regions between the tropics and poles, and are of particular interest to wood workers for their cost-effective aesthetic appeal and sustainable sources.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tropical hardwoods are found within the equatorial belt, including Africa, Asia, and South America. Hardwoods flaunt a higher density, around 1041 kg/m<sup>3</sup> as a result of slower growing rates and is more stable when drying.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of its high density, hardwoods are typically heavier than softwoods but can also be more brittle.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there are an abundant number of hardwood species, only 200 are common enough and pliable enough to be used for woodworking.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hardwoods have a wide variety of properties, making it easy to find a hardwood to suit nearly any purpose, but they are especially suitable for outdoor use due to their strength and resilience to rot and decay.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coloring of hardwoods ranges from light to very dark, making it especially versatile for aesthetic purposes. However, because hardwoods are more closely grained, they are typically harder to work than softwoods. They are also harder to acquire in the United States and, as a result, are more expensive.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodworking_Tools_at_the_Women%27s_Woodshop_in_Minneapolis,_MN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Woodworking_Tools_at_the_Women%27s_Woodshop_in_Minneapolis%2C_MN.jpg/220px-Woodworking_Tools_at_the_Women%27s_Woodshop_in_Minneapolis%2C_MN.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Woodworking_Tools_at_the_Women%27s_Woodshop_in_Minneapolis%2C_MN.jpg/330px-Woodworking_Tools_at_the_Women%27s_Woodshop_in_Minneapolis%2C_MN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Woodworking_Tools_at_the_Women%27s_Woodshop_in_Minneapolis%2C_MN.jpg/440px-Woodworking_Tools_at_the_Women%27s_Woodshop_in_Minneapolis%2C_MN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Woodworking hand tools used in class at the Women's Woodshop in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA</figcaption></figure> <p>Typically <a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">furniture</a> such as tables and chairs is made using solid stock from hardwoods due to its strength and resistance to warping.<sup id="cite_ref-Korn-2003_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korn-2003-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, they also have a greater variety of grain patterns and color and take a finish better which allows the woodworker to exercise a great deal of artistic liberty. Hardwoods can be cut more cleanly and leave less residue on sawblades and other woodworking tools.<sup id="cite_ref-Korn-2003_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korn-2003-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cabinet/fixture makers employ the use of <a href="/wiki/Plywood" title="Plywood">plywood</a> and other man made panel products. Some furniture, such as the <a href="/wiki/Windsor_chair" title="Windsor chair">Windsor chair</a> involve <a href="/wiki/Green_woodworking" title="Green woodworking">green woodworking</a>, shaping with wood while it contains its natural moisture prior to drying. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_softwoods_used_for_furniture">Common softwoods used for furniture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Common softwoods used for furniture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warehouse_of_timber_at_a_cardboard_factory._Buryatia,_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Warehouse_of_timber_at_a_cardboard_factory._Buryatia%2C_Russia.jpg/220px-Warehouse_of_timber_at_a_cardboard_factory._Buryatia%2C_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Warehouse_of_timber_at_a_cardboard_factory._Buryatia%2C_Russia.jpg/330px-Warehouse_of_timber_at_a_cardboard_factory._Buryatia%2C_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Warehouse_of_timber_at_a_cardboard_factory._Buryatia%2C_Russia.jpg/440px-Warehouse_of_timber_at_a_cardboard_factory._Buryatia%2C_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Warehouse of timber at a cardboard factory. <a href="/wiki/Buryatia" title="Buryatia">Buryatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cedar">Cedar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cedar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cedrus" title="Cedrus">Cedars</a> are strong, aromatic softwoods that are capable of enduring outdoor elements, the most common of which is the western red cedar. Western red cedar can sustain wet environments without succumbing to rot, and as a result is commonly used for outdoor projects such as patios, outdoor furniture, and building exteriors. This wood can be easily found at most home centers in the US and Canada for a moderate price.<sup id="cite_ref-dummies_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dummies-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fir">Fir</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the USA <a href="/wiki/Fir" title="Fir">fir</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/Douglas_fir" title="Douglas fir">Douglas fir</a>, is inexpensive and common at local home centers. It has a characteristic straight, pronounced grain with a red-brown tint. However, its grain pattern is relatively plain and it does not stain well, so fir is commonly used when the finished product will be painted. While commonly used for building, this softwood would also be suitable for furniture-making.<sup id="cite_ref-dummies_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dummies-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pine">Pine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>White <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>, ponderosa, and southern yellow pine are common species used in furniture-making. White pine and ponderosa are typically used for indoor projects, while Southern yellow pine is recommended for outdoor projects due to its durability.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_hardwoods_used_for_furniture">Common hardwoods used for furniture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Common hardwoods used for furniture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ash">Ash</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ash"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This hardwood is relatively easy to work with and takes stain well, but its white to light brown color with a straight grain is visually appealing on its own. However, ash is much more difficult to find than other common woods, and will not be found at the local home center. Larger lumber yards should have it in stock.<sup id="cite_ref-dummies_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dummies-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Beech">Beech</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Beech"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hardwood of the European species Fagus sylvatica is widely used for furniture framing and carcase construction, in plywood, musical instruments (drum shells and piano blocks) and turned items like knobs.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Birch">Birch</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Birch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whether yellow or white birch, these hardwoods are stable and easy to work with. Despite this, birch is prone to blotching when stained, so painting birch products is probably best. Birch is easily found at many home centers and is a relatively inexpensive hardwood.<sup id="cite_ref-dummies_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dummies-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cherry">Cherry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cherry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Popular and easy to work with, cherry is in high demand for its reddish-brown color and ease of staining and finishing. Cherry likely will not be at the local home center, but should be at a lumberyard for a somewhat expensive price.<sup id="cite_ref-dummies_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dummies-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This hardwood is a very common material for furniture, and is resistant to normal wear-and-tear, but it is best for indoor pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Best_Woods_for_DIY_Furniture-2015_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Best_Woods_for_DIY_Furniture-2015-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mahogany">Mahogany</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Mahogany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A hardwood, mahogany has a trademark reddish-brown to deep-red tint and is known as "one of the great furniture woods". However, mahogany is not typically grown in sustainable forests, and thus runs a steep price at local lumber yards.<sup id="cite_ref-dummies_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dummies-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oak">Oak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Oak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With two varieties, red and white, oak is known to be easy to work with and relatively strong. However, furniture makers often opt for white oak over red oak for its attractive figure and moisture-resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-dummies_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dummies-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on the kind needed, oak can probably be found at a local home center or a lumberyard for a bit pricier than other hardwoods.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dummies_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dummies-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Best_Woods_for_DIY_Furniture-2015_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Best_Woods_for_DIY_Furniture-2015-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maple">Maple</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Maple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With strength, sturdiness, and durability, maple is a common material for furniture for the bedroom and even china cabinets. Maple is moisture-resistant and frequently displays stand-out swirls in the wood grain, an aesthetically pleasing differentiator from other hardwoods. While most commonly a lighter color, maple also can take stains and paint well.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Best_Woods_for_DIY_Furniture-2015_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Best_Woods_for_DIY_Furniture-2015-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Factors_in_choosing_materials">Factors in choosing materials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Factors in choosing materials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many factors to consider when deciding what type of wood to use for a project. One of the most important is the workability of the wood: the way in which it responds when worked by hand or tools, the quality of the grain, and how it responds to adhesives and finishes.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the workability of wood is high, it offers a lower resistance when cutting and has a diminished blunting effect on tools.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Highly workable wood is easier to manipulate into desired forms. If the wood grain is straight and even, it will be much easier to create strong and durable glued joints. Additionally, it will help protect the wood from splitting when nailed or screwed.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coarse grains require a lengthy process of filing and rubbing down the grain to produce a smooth result.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another important factor is the durability of the wood, especially in regards to moisture. If the finished project will be exposed to moisture (e.g. outdoor projects) or high humidity or condensation (e.g. in kitchens or bathrooms), then the wood needs to be especially durable in order to prevent rot. Because of their oily qualities, many tropical hardwoods such as teak and mahogany are popular for such applications.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Woods_with_good_working_properties">Woods with good working properties</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Woods with good working properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Agba (<i><a href="/wiki/Gossweilerodendron_balsamiferum" class="mw-redirect" title="Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum">Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum</a></i>)</li> <li>Alder (<i><a href="/wiki/Alnus_glutinosa" title="Alnus glutinosa">Alnus glutinosa</a></i>)</li> <li>Basswood (<i><a href="/wiki/Tilia_americana" title="Tilia americana">Tilia americana</a></i>)</li> <li>Obeah (<i><a href="/wiki/Triplochiton_scleroxylon" title="Triplochiton scleroxylon">Triplochiton scleroxylon</a></i>)</li> <li>Pine (<i><a href="/wiki/Pinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinus">Pinus</a></i>)</li> <li>Western cedar (<i><a href="/wiki/Thuja_plicata" title="Thuja plicata">Thuja plicata</a></i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Very_durable_woods">Very durable woods</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Very durable woods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Teak (<i><a href="/wiki/Tectona_grandis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectona grandis">Tectona grandis</a></i>)</li> <li>Iron (<i><a href="/wiki/Milicia_excelsa" title="Milicia excelsa">Milicia excelsa</a></i>)</li> <li>Jarrah (<i><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_marginata" title="Eucalyptus marginata">Eucalyptus marginata</a></i>)</li> <li>Chestnut (<i><a href="/wiki/Castanea" class="mw-redirect" title="Castanea">Castanea</a></i>)</li> <li>Oak (<i><a href="/wiki/Quercus" class="mw-redirect" title="Quercus">Quercus</a></i>)</li> <li>Cedar (<i><a href="/wiki/Thuja" title="Thuja">Thuja</a></i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Woods_used_for_carving">Woods used for carving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Woods used for carving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While many woods can be used for carving, there are some clear favorites, including aspen, basswood, butternut, black walnut, and oak.<sup id="cite_ref-www.hardwooddistributors.org-2015_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.hardwooddistributors.org-2015-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because it has almost no grain and is notably soft, Basswood is particularly popular with beginner carvers. It is used in many lower-cost instruments like guitars and electric basses.<sup id="cite_ref-www.hardwooddistributors.org-2015_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.hardwooddistributors.org-2015-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aspen is similarly soft, although slightly harder, and readily available and inexpensive.<sup id="cite_ref-www.hardwooddistributors.org-2015_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.hardwooddistributors.org-2015-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Butternut has a deeper hue than basswood and aspen and has a nice grain that is easy to carve, and thus friendly for beginners. It is also suitable for furniture.<sup id="cite_ref-www.hardwooddistributors.org-2015_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.hardwooddistributors.org-2015-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While more expensive than basswood, aspen, and butternut, black walnut is a popular choice for its rich color and grain.<sup id="cite_ref-www.hardwooddistributors.org-2015_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.hardwooddistributors.org-2015-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lastly, oak is a strong, sturdy, and versatile wood for carving with a defined grain. It is also a popular wood for furniture making.<sup id="cite_ref-www.hardwooddistributors.org-2015_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.hardwooddistributors.org-2015-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tools">Tools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each area of woodworking requires a different variation of tools. Power tools and hand tools are both used for woodworking. Many modern woodworkers choose to use power tools in their trade for the added ease and to save time. However, many woodworkers still choose to use only hand tools for several reasons such as <a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">tradition</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Experience" title="Experience">experience</a> and the added character to the work, while some choose to use only hand tools simply for their own enjoyment. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 600px;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hand_tools">Hand tools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Hand tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hand_tool" title="Hand tool">Hand tools</a> are classified as tools that receive power only from the hands that are holding them. Edged hand woodworking tools need to be <a href="/wiki/Sharpening" title="Sharpening">sharpened</a> which is done using the <a href="/wiki/Sharpening_jig" title="Sharpening jig">sharpening jig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sharpening_stone" title="Sharpening stone">sharpening stone</a>. A more novel method involves the use of <a href="/wiki/Sandpaper" title="Sandpaper">sandpaper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fine_Woodworking_2000_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fine_Woodworking_2000-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The more common modern hand tools are: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="600px"> <caption>Hand tools </caption> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Clamps </th> <td style="width:180px;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodworking_clamps.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Woodworking clamps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Woodworking_clamps.jpg/170px-Woodworking_clamps.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Woodworking_clamps.jpg/255px-Woodworking_clamps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Woodworking_clamps.jpg/340px-Woodworking_clamps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Woodworking clamps. Top left two are f-style clamps. On the right is a quick-grip Irwin clamp. In the bottom middle is a spring clamp.</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clamp_(tool)" title="Clamp (tool)">Clamps</a> are used to hold a <a href="/wiki/Workpiece" title="Workpiece">workpiece</a> while being worked. Clamps vary in all shapes and sizes from small c-clamps to very large bar or strap clamps.<sup id="cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Vise" title="Vise">vise</a> is a form of clamp, temporarily or permanently mounted as required. A <a href="/wiki/Woodworking_vise" title="Woodworking vise">woodworking vise</a> is a vise specialized to the needs of a woodworker; numerous types have evolved. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Chisels </th> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Wood_chisels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Wood chisels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Wood_chisels.jpg/170px-Wood_chisels.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Wood_chisels.jpg/255px-Wood_chisels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Wood_chisels.jpg/340px-Wood_chisels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Five woodworking wood chisels</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chisel" title="Chisel">Chisels</a> are tools with a long blade, a cutting edge, and a handle. Used for cutting and shaping wood or other materials.<sup id="cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Claw hammer </th> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Claw-hammer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Claw-hammer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Claw-hammer.jpg/170px-Claw-hammer.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Claw-hammer.jpg/255px-Claw-hammer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Claw-hammer.jpg/340px-Claw-hammer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4240" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>A common hammer, the claw hammer, used in woodworking and other activities</small> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Claw_hammer" title="Claw hammer">claw hammer</a>, which can hammer, pry, and pull nails, is the most common hammer used in woodworking.<sup id="cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Hand plane </th> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_planes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hand planes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Hand_planes.jpg/170px-Hand_planes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Hand_planes.jpg/255px-Hand_planes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Hand_planes.jpg/340px-Hand_planes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Two woodworking hand planes</small> </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Hand_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand plane">hand plane</a> is used to surface aspects of a workpiece. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Square </th> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Try_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="try square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Try_Square.jpg/170px-Try_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Try_Square.jpg/255px-Try_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Try_Square.jpg/340px-Try_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>A try square. A common style of square in woodworking usually used for 90 degree angles</small> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Square_(tool)" title="Square (tool)">square</a> is used to mark angles on any workpiece. An <a href="/wiki/Combination_square" title="Combination square">adjustable square</a> also includes a ruler. A <a href="/wiki/Speed_square" title="Speed square">speed square</a> can mark 90 and 45-degree fixed angles and any angle between 0 and 90 degrees using its long axis.<sup id="cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Tape measure </th> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Measuring-tape.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tape measure" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Measuring-tape.jpg/170px-Measuring-tape.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Measuring-tape.jpg/255px-Measuring-tape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Measuring-tape.jpg/340px-Measuring-tape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3380" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Tape measure</small> </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Tape_measure" title="Tape measure">tape measure</a> is a retractable or flexible ruler that has measurement increments as small as 1/32" or 1 millimetre. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Handsaw </th> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pily_rozne_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Handsaws" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Pily_rozne_01.jpg/170px-Pily_rozne_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Pily_rozne_01.jpg/255px-Pily_rozne_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Pily_rozne_01.jpg/340px-Pily_rozne_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1119" data-file-height="1397" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Three old handsaws</small> </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Hand_saw" title="Hand saw">handsaw</a>, according to Cambridge University, "a saw that is operated by hand rather than using electricity or a motor."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Files & Rasps </th> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_files_and_rasps.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hand files and rasps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hand_files_and_rasps.jpg/170px-Hand_files_and_rasps.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hand_files_and_rasps.jpg/255px-Hand_files_and_rasps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hand_files_and_rasps.jpg/340px-Hand_files_and_rasps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Top two are files. The bottom (orange-handled) tool is a rasp.</small> </td> <td>Both files and rasps are used to grind down wood material either to make the surface flat, rounded, concaved, or many other shapes. Rasps make deeper cuts while files make smaller and less harsh cuts on the wood. The difference between the two is mainly their teeth size.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power_tools">Power tools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Power tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Power_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Power tools">Power tools</a> are tools that are powered by an external energy such as a battery, motor, or a power cable connected to a wall outlet. The more common power tools are:<sup id="cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="600px"> <caption>Power tools </caption> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Drill </th> <td style="width:180px;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cordless_electric_(screw)_drill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Power drill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cordless_electric_%28screw%29_drill.jpg/170px-Cordless_electric_%28screw%29_drill.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cordless_electric_%28screw%29_drill.jpg/255px-Cordless_electric_%28screw%29_drill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cordless_electric_%28screw%29_drill.jpg/340px-Cordless_electric_%28screw%29_drill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Cordless electric power drill.</small> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Drill" title="Drill">drill</a> is a tool used to drill a hole or to insert a screw into a workpiece.<sup id="cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Palm sander </th> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Palm_sanders.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Palm sanders" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Palm_sanders.jpg/170px-Palm_sanders.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Palm_sanders.jpg/255px-Palm_sanders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Palm_sanders.jpg/340px-Palm_sanders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Two palm sanders. Left sander is an orbital palm sander. The sander on the right is a mouse sander. Which uses vibration instead of orbital motions.</small> </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Palm_sander" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm sander">palm sander</a> is a small powered sander that uses either a vibration or orbital motion to move a piece of sand paper upon the workpiece making very fine modifications in smoothing your product.<sup id="cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Compound miter saw </th> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitre_saw_white.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Electric compound miter saw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mitre_saw_white.jpg/170px-Mitre_saw_white.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mitre_saw_white.jpg/255px-Mitre_saw_white.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mitre_saw_white.jpg/340px-Mitre_saw_white.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Electric compound miter saw.</small> </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Compound_miter_saw" class="mw-redirect" title="Compound miter saw">compound miter saw</a>, also known as a chop saw is a stationary saw used for making precise cuts across the grain path of a board. These cuts can be at any chosen angle that the particular saw is capable of.<sup id="cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Table saw </th> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tablesaw_4%27_sliding_table_saw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tablesaw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tablesaw_4%27_sliding_table_saw.jpg/170px-Tablesaw_4%27_sliding_table_saw.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tablesaw_4%27_sliding_table_saw.jpg/255px-Tablesaw_4%27_sliding_table_saw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tablesaw_4%27_sliding_table_saw.jpg/340px-Tablesaw_4%27_sliding_table_saw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Electric plug-in tablesaw for woodworking.</small> </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Table_saw" title="Table saw">table saw</a> is intended to make long precise cuts along the grain pattern of the board known as rip cuts. Most table saws offer the option of a beveled rip cut.<sup id="cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Thickness planer </th> <td> </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Thickness_planer" title="Thickness planer">thickness planer</a> is used to smooth the surface of a board and make it the exact thickness across the entire board.<sup id="cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Jointer </th> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Powermatic_jointer_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Powermatic jointer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Powermatic_jointer_%282%29.jpg/170px-Powermatic_jointer_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Powermatic_jointer_%282%29.jpg/255px-Powermatic_jointer_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Powermatic_jointer_%282%29.jpg/340px-Powermatic_jointer_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1235" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Powermatic jointer for woodworking.</small> </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Jointer" title="Jointer">jointer</a> is used to produce a flat surface along a board's length and to create a square (or 90°) edge between two adjoining surfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Band saw </th> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Band_saw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Band saw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Band_saw.jpg/170px-Band_saw.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Band_saw.jpg/255px-Band_saw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Band_saw.jpg/340px-Band_saw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Plug-in band saw.</small> </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Band_saw" class="mw-redirect" title="Band saw">band saw</a><sup id="cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is used to make both irregularly shaped cuts and cuts through material thicker than a table saw can manage. It is much more robust<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> than the <a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(tool)" title="Jigsaw (tool)">jigsaw</a> or more delicate <a href="/wiki/Scroll_saw" title="Scroll saw">scroll saw</a>, also regularly used in woodworking. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Drill press </th> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gumtree_drill_press_(8179584289).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Drill press" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gumtree_drill_press_%288179584289%29.jpg/170px-Gumtree_drill_press_%288179584289%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gumtree_drill_press_%288179584289%29.jpg/255px-Gumtree_drill_press_%288179584289%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gumtree_drill_press_%288179584289%29.jpg/340px-Gumtree_drill_press_%288179584289%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="811" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>Older drill press. Floor mounted drill press.</small> </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Drill_press" title="Drill press">drill press</a> is an important tool used in woodworking. It is similar to a hand drill, but is a table/floor mounted machine that uses a shaft with a spring loaded handle to lower the drill bit into the wood or material. A hand drill is used by many woodworkers, but a drill press is even more accurate and powerful.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <th>Drum sander </th> <td> </td> <td>A drum <a href="/wiki/Sander" title="Sander">sander</a> is a machine that uses a wide rotating sandpaper drum to sand down a piece of wood as it rolls through the tool. Similar to a planer in how it operates; but instead of <a href="/wiki/Blade" title="Blade">blades</a>, a drum sander uses <a href="/wiki/Sandpaper" title="Sandpaper">sandpaper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_woodworkers">Notable woodworkers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notable woodworkers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_furniture_designers" title="List of furniture designers">List of furniture designers</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvar_Aalto" title="Alvar Aalto">Alvar Aalto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Abram" title="Norm Abram">Norm Abram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bae_Se-hwa" title="Bae Se-hwa">Bae Se-hwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boson" title="John Boson">John Boson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Collings" title="George Collings">George Collings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._Cummings_III" title="Frank E. Cummings III">Frank E. Cummings III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henning_Engelsen" title="Henning Engelsen">Henning Engelsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wharton_Esherick" title="Wharton Esherick">Wharton Esherick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tage_Frid" title="Tage Frid">Tage Frid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Grabovetskiy" title="Alexander Grabovetskiy">Alexander Grabovetskiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Hopkinson" title="Greta Hopkinson">Greta Hopkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Krenov" title="James Krenov">James Krenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Lindquist" title="Mark Lindquist">Mark Lindquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal_Maccarone" title="Sal Maccarone">Sal Maccarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._MacDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas J. MacDonald">Thomas J. MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Makepeace" title="John Makepeace">John Makepeace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Maloof" title="Sam Maloof">Sam Maloof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Marks" title="David J. Marks">David J. Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Kensley_McKie" title="Judy Kensley McKie">Judy Kensley McKie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nakashima" title="George Nakashima">George Nakashima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jere_Osgood" title="Jere Osgood">Jere Osgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Perry" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Greg Perry">Greg Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Peters" title="Alan Peters">Alan Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Pliessnig" title="Matthias Pliessnig">Matthias Pliessnig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Jacob_Roubo" title="André Jacob Roubo">André Jacob Roubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evert_Sodergren" title="Evert Sodergren">Evert Sodergren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosanne_Somerson" title="Rosanne Somerson">Rosanne Somerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_O._Studley" title="Henry O. Studley">Henry O. Studley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Underhill" title="Roy Underhill">Roy Underhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Maruyama" title="Wendy Maruyama">Wendy Maruyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Hayward" title="Charles H. Hayward">Charles H. Hayward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Offerman" title="Nick Offerman">Nick Offerman</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boat_building" title="Boat building">Boat building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_making" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet making">Cabinet making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">Carpentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89b%C3%A9niste" title="Ébéniste">Ébéniste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hardening" title="Fire hardening">Fire hardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_woodworking_terms" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of woodworking terms">Glossary of woodworking terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_building_and_wood" title="Green building and wood">Green building and wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_woodworking" title="Green woodworking">Green woodworking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_construction" title="History of construction">History of construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wood_carving" title="History of wood carving">History of wood carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intarsia" title="Intarsia">Intarsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_carpentry" title="Japanese carpentry">Japanese carpentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lath_art" title="Lath art">Lath art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligna" title="Ligna">Ligna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier">Luthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millwork_(building_material)" class="mw-redirect" title="Millwork (building material)">Millwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marionette" title="Marionette">Marionette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquetry" title="Marquetry">Marquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_crafts" title="Pallet crafts">Pallet crafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_lumber" title="Reclaimed lumber">Reclaimed lumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saw_pit" title="Saw pit">Saw pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segmented_turning" title="Segmented turning">Segmented turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloyd" title="Sloyd">Sloyd</a>, a system of handicraft-based education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stave_church" title="Stave church">Stave church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_furniture" title="Studio furniture">Studio furniture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tack_cloth" title="Tack cloth">Tack cloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_framing" title="Timber framing">Timber framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning" title="Turning">Turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">Wood carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_glue" title="Wood glue">Wood glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Inlay" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood Inlay">Wood Inlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodturning" title="Woodturning">Woodturning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodworking_safety" title="Woodworking safety">Woodworking safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workbench_(woodworking)" title="Workbench (woodworking)">Woodworking workbench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakisugi" title="Yakisugi">Yakisugi</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Killen1994-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Killen1994_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKillen,_Geoffrey1994" class="citation book cs1">Killen, Geoffrey (1994). <i>Egyptian Woodworking and Furniture</i>. Shire Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0747802394" title="Special:BookSources/0747802394"><bdi>0747802394</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egyptian+Woodworking+and+Furniture&rft.pub=Shire+Publications&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0747802394&rft.au=Killen%2C+Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leospo, Enrichetta (2001), "Woodworking in Ancient Egypt", <i>The Art of Woodworking</i>, <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Museo_Egizio" title="Museo Egizio">Museo Egizio</a>, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leospo, pp. 20–21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leospo, pp. 17–19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ulrich2008-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ulrich2008_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ulrich2008_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUlrich,_Roger_B.2008" class="citation book cs1">Ulrich, Roger B. (2008). <i>Roman Woodworking</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300134605" title="Special:BookSources/9780300134605"><bdi>9780300134605</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/192003268">192003268</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Woodworking&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F192003268&rft.isbn=9780300134605&rft.au=Ulrich%2C+Roger+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vitruvius-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vitruvius_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVitruvius" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a>. <i>De architectura</i>. 1:2.9.1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+architectura&rft.pages=1%3A2.9.1&rft.au=Vitruvius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPliny1938" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a> (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturalhistory07plinuoft"><i>Natural History</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+History&rft.date=1938&rft.au=Pliny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaturalhistory07plinuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bassettfurniture.com/blog/furniture-style-guide.aspx">"A Complete Guide To All The Types Of Furniture Styles"</a>. <i>Bassett Furniture</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bassett+Furniture&rft.atitle=A+Complete+Guide+To+All+The+Types+Of+Furniture+Styles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bassettfurniture.com%2Fblog%2Ffurniture-style-guide.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.hardwooddistributors.org-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-www.hardwooddistributors.org_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.hardwooddistributors.org_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180416074057/http://www.hardwooddistributors.org/blog/tag/differences-american-hardwoods-and-tropical-hardwoods/">"differences American hardwoods and tropical hardwoods | Hardwood Distributors"</a>. <i>www.hardwooddistributors.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hardwooddistributors.org/blog/tag/differences-american-hardwoods-and-tropical-hardwoods/">the original</a> on 2018-04-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hardwooddistributors.org&rft.atitle=differences+American+hardwoods+and+tropical+hardwoods+%7C+Hardwood+Distributors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hardwooddistributors.org%2Fblog%2Ftag%2Fdifferences-american-hardwoods-and-tropical-hardwoods%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stephen.-2012-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen.-2012_10-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen.2012" class="citation book cs1">Stephen., Corbett (2012). <i>The practical woodworker : a comprehensive step-by-step course in working with wood</i>. Freeman, John. Wigston: Southwater. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1780192208" title="Special:BookSources/978-1780192208"><bdi>978-1780192208</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/801605649">801605649</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+practical+woodworker+%3A+a+comprehensive+step-by-step+course+in+working+with+wood&rft.place=Wigston&rft.pub=Southwater&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F801605649&rft.isbn=978-1780192208&rft.aulast=Stephen.&rft.aufirst=Corbett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Korn-2003-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Korn-2003_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Korn-2003_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Korn-2003_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorn2003" class="citation book cs1">Korn, Peter (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/woodworkingbasic0000korn"><i>Woodworking basics : mastering the essentials of craftsmanship</i></a></span>. Newtown, CT: Taunton Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/156158620X" title="Special:BookSources/156158620X"><bdi>156158620X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51810586">51810586</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woodworking+basics+%3A+mastering+the+essentials+of+craftsmanship&rft.place=Newtown%2C+CT&rft.pub=Taunton+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51810586&rft.isbn=156158620X&rft.aulast=Korn&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwoodworkingbasic0000korn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lowes.com/projects/build-and-remodel/lumber-buying-guide/project">"Lumber Buying Guide"</a>. <i>www.lowes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lowes.com&rft.atitle=Lumber+Buying+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lowes.com%2Fprojects%2Fbuild-and-remodel%2Flumber-buying-guide%2Fproject&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dummies-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dummies_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dummies_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dummies_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dummies_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dummies_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dummies_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dummies_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dummies_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dummies.com/crafts/types-of-wood-for-woodworking/">"Types of Wood for Woodworking – dummies"</a>. <i>dummies</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=dummies&rft.atitle=Types+of+Wood+for+Woodworking+%E2%80%93+dummies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dummies.com%2Fcrafts%2Ftypes-of-wood-for-woodworking%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.woodmagazine.com/materials-guide/lumber/pine">"Working with pine, tips and tricks for success"</a>. <i>Wood magazine</i>. Meredith Corporation. March 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wood+magazine&rft.atitle=Working+with+pine%2C+tips+and+tricks+for+success&rft.date=2003-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.woodmagazine.com%2Fmaterials-guide%2Flumber%2Fpine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wood-database.com/european-beech/">"The Wood Database"</a>. 2009-01-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Best+Woods+for+DIY+Furniture&rft.date=2015-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frenolumber.com%2F2015%2F06%2Fthe-best-woods-for-diy-furniture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.woodworkinganswers.com/">"Woodworking Basics"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hardwooddistributors.org&rft.atitle=Top+Hardwoods+for+Carving+%7C+Hardwood+Distributors&rft.date=2015-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hardwooddistributors.org%2Fblog%2Fpostings%2Ftop-hardwoods-for-carving%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fine_Woodworking_2000-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fine_Woodworking_2000_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolle2000" class="citation magazine cs1">Kolle, Jefferson (January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100621070933/http://www.finewoodworking.com/pages/w00003.asp">"Getting an Edge with Waterstones, Oilstones, and Sandpaper"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fine_Woodworking" title="Fine Woodworking">Fine Woodworking</a></i>. No. 140. <a href="/wiki/Taunton_Press" title="Taunton Press">Taunton Press</a>. pp. 56–61. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finewoodworking.com:80/pages/w00003.asp">the original</a> on June 21, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fine+Woodworking&rft.atitle=Getting+an+Edge+with+Waterstones%2C+Oilstones%2C+and+Sandpaper&rft.issue=140&rft.pages=56-61&rft.date=2000-01&rft.aulast=Kolle&rft.aufirst=Jefferson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.finewoodworking.com%3A80%2Fpages%2Fw00003.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-top_40_woodworking_tools-2013_20-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wagnermeters.com/moisture-meters/wood-info/top-40-woodworking-tools/4/">"top 40 woodworking tools"</a>. 2013-04-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=top+40+woodworking+tools&rft.date=2013-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wagnermeters.com%2Fmoisture-meters%2Fwood-info%2Ftop-40-woodworking-tools%2F4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/handsaw">"handsaw"</a>. <i>Cambridge Dictionary</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Dictionary&rft.atitle=handsaw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fhandsaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelsey2004" class="citation web cs1">Kelsey, John (2004-10-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thisoldhouse.com/woodworking/21015475/files-rasps">"Files & Rasps"</a>. <i>This Old House</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=This+Old+House&rft.atitle=Files+%26+Rasps&rft.date=2004-10-28&rft.aulast=Kelsey&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisoldhouse.com%2Fwoodworking%2F21015475%2Ffiles-rasps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://woodworkingarena.com/band-saw-vs-scroll-saw/">"Difference Between Band Saw Vs Scroll Saw"</a>. <i>Woodworking Arena</i>. 2020-05-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Woodworking+Arena&rft.atitle=Difference+Between+Band+Saw+Vs+Scroll+Saw&rft.date=2020-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwoodworkingarena.com%2Fband-saw-vs-scroll-saw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finewoodworking.com/project-guides/shop-machines/a-drill-press-will-make-you-a-better-woodworker">"A Drill Press Will Make You a Better Woodworker"</a>. <i>FineWoodworking</i>. 2010-10-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FineWoodworking&rft.atitle=A+Drill+Press+Will+Make+You+a+Better+Woodworker&rft.date=2010-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finewoodworking.com%2Fproject-guides%2Fshop-machines%2Fa-drill-press-will-make-you-a-better-woodworker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockler.com/learn/planer-versus-drum-sander">"Planer vs Drum Sander - Which Should You Choose? - Rockler"</a>. <i>Rockler Woodworking and Hardware</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rockler+Woodworking+and+Hardware&rft.atitle=Planer+vs+Drum+Sander+-+Which+Should+You+Choose%3F+-+Rockler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockler.com%2Flearn%2Fplaner-versus-drum-sander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_2">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeirer1988" class="citation book cs1">Feirer, John L. (1988). <i>Cabinetmaking and Millwork</i>. Mission Hills California: Glencoe Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-675950-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-675950-0"><bdi>0-02-675950-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cabinetmaking+and+Millwork&rft.place=Mission+Hills+California&rft.pub=Glencoe+Publishing&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-02-675950-0&rft.aulast=Feirer&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrid1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tage_Frid" title="Tage Frid">Frid, Tage</a> (1979). <i>Tage Frid Teaches Woodworking</i>. Newton, Connecticut: Taunton Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-918804-03-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-918804-03-5"><bdi>0-918804-03-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tage+Frid+Teaches+Woodworking&rft.place=Newton%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Taunton+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-918804-03-5&rft.aulast=Frid&rft.aufirst=Tage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoyce1987" class="citation book cs1">Joyce, Edward (1987). <i>Encyclopedia of Furniture Making</i>. revised and expanded by Alan Peters. New York: Sterling Publishing Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8069-6440-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8069-6440-5"><bdi>0-8069-6440-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Furniture+Making&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-8069-6440-5&rft.aulast=Joyce&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoubo1769–1784" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Jacob_Roubo" title="André Jacob Roubo">Roubo, André Jacob</a> (1769–1784). <i>The Art of the Joiner</i>. Paris: <a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">French Academy of Sciences</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+the+Joiner&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=French+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=1769%2F1784&rft.aulast=Roubo&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9+Jacob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodworking" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Naylor, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ncsu.edu/bioresources/BioRes_08/BioRes_08_2_3122_Naylor_Hackney_Review_Wood_Machining_Focus_Sawing_3847.pdf"><i>A review of wood machining literature with a special focus on sawing</i></a>. BioRes, April 2013</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mywoodgear.com/history-of-woodworking/">History of Woodworking & Ancient Carpentry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodworking&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Woodworking" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Woodworking">Woodworking</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/40px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/60px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/80px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiversity has learning resources about <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Woodworking" class="extiw" title="v:Woodworking">Woodworking</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9wTLBGXZ04/">Video</a> about the <a href="/wiki/Zafimaniry" title="Zafimaniry">Zafimaniry</a> peoples in Madagascar.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://av.tib.eu/search?q=woodworking&loc=de&f=publisher%3Bhttp://av.tib.eu/resource/IWF_%2528G%25C3%25B6ttingen%2529">Videos about woodworking</a> published by Institut für den Wissenschaftlichen Film. Available in the AV-Portal of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Science_and_Technology" title="German National Library of Science and Technology">German National Library of Science and Technology</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.woodworkmag.com/">Woodwork Magazine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Woodworking" title="Template:Woodworking"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Woodworking" title="Template talk:Woodworking"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Woodworking" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Woodworking"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Woodworking" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woodworking</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wood_carving" title="History of wood carving">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_woodworking" title="Glossary of woodworking">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">Wood</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">lumber</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boat_building" title="Boat building">Boat building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_carpentry" title="Bush carpentry">Bush carpentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinetry" title="Cabinetry">Cabinetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caning_(furniture)" title="Caning (furniture)">Caning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">Carpentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certosina" title="Certosina">Certosina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw_carving" title="Chainsaw carving">Chainsaw carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chip_carving" title="Chip carving">Chip carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89b%C3%A9niste" title="Ébéniste">Ébéniste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretwork" title="Fretwork">Fretwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intarsia" title="Intarsia">Intarsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_carpentry" title="Japanese carpentry">Japanese carpentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatam" title="Khatam">Khatam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohlrosing" title="Kohlrosing">Kohlrosing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_building" title="Log building">Log building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luthier" title="Luthier">Luthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquetry" title="Marquetry">Marquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millwork" title="Millwork">Millwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_crafts" title="Pallet crafts">Pallet crafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parquet" title="Parquet">Parquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrography" title="Pyrography">Pyrography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_carving" title="Relief carving">Relief carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_carving" title="Root carving">Root carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segmented_turning" title="Segmented turning">Segmented turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingle_weaver" title="Shingle weaver">Shingle weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spindle_turning" title="Spindle turning">Spindle turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_framing" title="Timber framing">Timber framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treen" title="Treen">Treen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittling" title="Whittling">Whittling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">Wood carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodturning" title="Woodturning">Woodturning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_woods" title="List of woods">Woods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Softwood" title="Softwood">Soft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plants_known_as_cedar" title="List of plants known as cedar">Cedar</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Calocedrus" title="Calocedrus">Calocedrus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cedrus" title="Cedrus">Cedrus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress" title="Cypress">Cypress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_fir" title="Douglas fir">Douglas fir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fir" title="Fir">Fir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper" title="Juniper">Juniper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larch" title="Larch">Larch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agathis" title="Agathis">Kauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacrydium_cupressinum" title="Dacrydium cupressinum">Rimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce" title="Spruce">Spruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxus" title="Taxus">Yew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hardwood" title="Hardwood">Hard</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pericopsis_elata" title="Pericopsis elata">Afromosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alder" title="Alder">Alder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carapa_guianensis" title="Carapa guianensis">Andiroba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anigre" title="Anigre">Anigre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraxinus_excelsior" title="Fraxinus excelsior">Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malus" title="Malus">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspen" title="Aspen">Aspen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turraeanthus_africanus" title="Turraeanthus africanus">Avodire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochroma" title="Ochroma">Balsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">Beech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilinga_(wood)" title="Bilinga (wood)">Bilinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalbergia_melanoxylon" title="Dalbergia melanoxylon">African Blackwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acacia_melanoxylon" title="Acacia melanoxylon">Australian Blackwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxus" title="Buxus">Boxwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guibourtia" title="Guibourtia">Bubinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphora_officinarum" title="Camphora officinarum">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedrela" title="Cedrela">Cedrela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prunus" title="Prunus">Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocobolo" title="Cocobolo">Cocobolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipteryx_odorata" title="Dipteryx odorata">Cumaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">Ebony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elm" title="Elm">Elm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">Eucalyptus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazel" title="Hazel">Hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory" title="Hickory">Hickory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornbeam" title="Hornbeam">Hornbeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminalia_ivorensis" title="Terminalia ivorensis">Idigbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocotea_porosa" title="Ocotea porosa">Imbuia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handroanthus" title="Handroanthus">Ipê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroko" title="Iroko">Iroko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_marginata" title="Eucalyptus marginata">Jarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyera_costulata" title="Dyera costulata">Jelutong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lignum_vitae" title="Lignum vitae">Lignum vitae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilia" title="Tilia">Linden <i>(lime, basswood)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovoa_trichilioides" title="Lovoa trichilioides">Lovoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intsia_bijuga" title="Intsia bijuga">Merbau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">Mahogany</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Swietenia_macrophylla" title="Swietenia macrophylla">American</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Khaya" title="Khaya">African</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple" title="Maple">Maple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorea" title="Shorea">Meranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus" title="Pterocarpus">Padauk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">Pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">Plum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populus" title="Populus">Poplar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peltogyne" title="Peltogyne">Purpleheart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guibourtia_ehie" title="Guibourtia ehie">Ovankol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonystylus" title="Gonystylus">Ramin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinopsis" title="Schinopsis">Red Quebracho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosewood" title="Rosewood">Rosewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubberwood" title="Rubberwood">Rubberwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapele" title="Sapele">Sapele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">Teak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podocarpus_totara" title="Podocarpus totara">Totara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entandrophragma" title="Entandrophragma">Utile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans" title="Juglans">Walnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millettia_laurentii" title="Millettia laurentii">Wenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow" title="Willow">Willow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebrawood" title="Zebrawood">Zebrano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Engineered_wood" title="Engineered wood">Engineered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-laminated_timber" title="Cross-laminated timber">Cross-laminated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glued_laminated_timber" title="Glued laminated timber">Glue laminated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardboard" title="Hardboard">Hardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium-density_fibreboard" title="Medium-density fibreboard">MDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriented_strand_board" title="Oriented strand board">OSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particle_board" title="Particle board">Particle board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plywood" title="Plywood">Plywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-plastic_composite" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood-plastic composite">Wood-plastic composite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Woodworking_tools" title="Category:Woodworking tools">Tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasive" title="Abrasive">Abrasives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnisher" title="Burnisher">Burnisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chisel" title="Chisel">Chisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawknife" title="Drawknife">Drawknife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill" title="Drill">Drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fence_(woodworking)" title="Fence (woodworking)">Fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_(woodworking)" title="Float (woodworking)">Float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimlet_(tool)" title="Gimlet (tool)">Gimlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauge_(instrument)" title="Gauge (instrument)">Gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_driver" title="Impact driver">Impact driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janka_hardness_test" title="Janka hardness test">Janka hardness test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jointer" title="Jointer">Jointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallet" title="Mallet">Mallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milling_(machining)" title="Milling (machining)">Milling machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre_box" title="Mitre box">Mitre box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasp" title="Rasp">Rasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Router_(woodworking)" title="Router (woodworking)">Router</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_shaper" title="Wood shaper">Shaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandpaper" title="Sandpaper">Sandpaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_(tool)" title="Square (tool)">Square</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Steel_square" title="Steel square">Carpenters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Combination_square" title="Combination square">Combination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miter_square" title="Miter square">Miter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speed_square" title="Speed square">Speed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Try_square" title="Try square">Try</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thickness_planer" title="Thickness planer">Thickness planer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_timber_framing_tools" title="List of timber framing tools">Timber-framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneer_hammer" title="Veneer hammer">Veneer hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vise" title="Vise">Vise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_hammer" title="Warrington hammer">Warrington hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winding_stick" title="Winding stick">Winding sticks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_scribe" title="Wood scribe">Wood scribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workbench_(woodworking)" title="Workbench (woodworking)">Workbench</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Clamp_(tool)" title="Clamp (tool)">Clamps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band_clamp" title="Band clamp">Band clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-clamp" title="C-clamp">C-clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-clamp" title="F-clamp">F-clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flooring_clamp" title="Flooring clamp">Flooring clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gripe_(tool)" title="Gripe (tool)">Gripe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holdfast_(tool)" title="Holdfast (tool)">Holdfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre_clamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitre clamp">Mitre clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_clamp" title="Pipe clamp">Pipe clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawbuck" title="Sawbuck">Sawbuck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saw" title="Saw">Saws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backsaw" title="Backsaw">Backsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandsaw" title="Bandsaw">Bandsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_saw" title="Bow saw">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucksaw" title="Bucksaw">Bucksaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw" title="Chainsaw">Chainsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_saw" title="Circular saw">Circular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_saw" title="Compass saw">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coping_saw" title="Coping saw">Coping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosscut_saw" title="Crosscut saw">Crosscut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame_saw" title="Frame saw">Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretsaw" title="Fretsaw">Fretsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_saw" title="Hand saw">Hand saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(tool)" title="Jigsaw (tool)">Jigsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_saw" title="Keyhole saw">Keyhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miter_saw" title="Miter saw">Miter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripsaw" title="Ripsaw">Ripsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scroll_saw" title="Scroll saw">Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_saw" title="Table saw">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneer_saw" title="Veneer saw">Veneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipsaw" title="Whipsaw">Whipsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Plane_(tool)" title="Plane (tool)">Planes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedrock_plane" title="Bedrock plane">Bedrock plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_plane" title="Block plane">Block plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamfer_plane" title="Chamfer plane">Chamfer plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Compass plane">Compass plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_plane" title="Finger plane">Finger plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fore_plane" title="Fore plane">Fore plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooving_plane" title="Grooving plane">Grooving plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_plane" title="Jack plane">Jack plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_plane" title="Japanese plane">Japanese plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jointer_plane" title="Jointer plane">Jointer plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulding_plane" title="Moulding plane">Moulding plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razee_plane" title="Razee plane">Razee plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebate_plane" title="Rebate plane">Rebate plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Router_plane" title="Router plane">Router plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrub_plane" title="Scrub plane">Scrub plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_plane" title="Shoulder plane">Shoulder plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoothing_plane" title="Smoothing plane">Smoothing plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokeshave" title="Spokeshave">Spokeshave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surform" title="Surform">Surform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geometry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Joinery" title="Joinery">Joints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birdsmouth_joint" title="Birdsmouth joint">Birdsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscuit_joiner" title="Biscuit joiner">Biscuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_joint" title="Box joint">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridle_joint" title="Bridle joint">Bridle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butt_joint" title="Butt joint">Butt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_joint" title="Butterfly joint">Butterfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coping_(joinery)" title="Coping (joinery)">Coping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Thorns_(woodworking)" title="Crown of Thorns (woodworking)">Crown of thorns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dado_(joinery)" title="Dado (joinery)">Dado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovetail_joint" title="Dovetail joint">Dovetail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_joint" title="Finger joint">Finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_(joinery)" title="Groove (joinery)">Groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halved_joint" title="Halved joint">Halved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer-headed_tenon" title="Hammer-headed tenon">Hammer-headed tenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee_(construction)" title="Knee (construction)">Knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lap_joint" title="Lap joint">Lap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason%27s_mitre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mason's mitre">Mason's mitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miter_joint" title="Miter joint">Miter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortise_and_tenon" title="Mortise and tenon">Mortise and tenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbet" title="Rabbet">Rabbet/Rebate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarf_joint" title="Scarf joint">Scarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splice_joint" title="Splice joint">Splice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue_and_groove" title="Tongue and groove">Tongue and groove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Molding_(decorative)" title="Molding (decorative)">Profiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bead_(woodworking)" title="Bead (woodworking)">Bead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevel" title="Bevel">Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamfer" title="Chamfer">Chamfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogee" title="Ogee">Ogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogive" title="Ogive">Ogive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovolo" title="Ovolo">Ovolo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.5em;font-weight:normal;">Surface piecing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purfling#Binding" title="Purfling">Binding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_banding" title="Edge banding">Edge banding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intarsia" title="Intarsia">Intarsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquetry" title="Marquetry">Marquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oystering" title="Oystering">Oystering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parquet" title="Parquet">Parquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purfling" title="Purfling">Purfling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treatments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wood_glue" title="Wood glue">Adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_polish" title="French polish">French polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_bending_of_wood" title="Heat bending of wood">Heat bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacquer" title="Lacquer">Lacquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drying_oil" title="Drying oil">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">Paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_stripper" title="Paint stripper">Paint stripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_bending" title="Steam bending">Steam bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_preservation#Heat_treatments" title="Wood preservation">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varnish" title="Varnish">Varnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wax" title="Wax">Wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_drying" title="Wood drying">Wood drying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_preservation" title="Wood preservation">Wood preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_stain" title="Wood stain">Wood stain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_finishing" title="Wood finishing">Wood finishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Woodturners" title="American Association of Woodturners">American Association of Woodturners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_Woodwork_Institute" title="Architectural Woodwork Institute">Architectural Woodwork Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Woodworking_Federation" title="British Woodworking Federation">British Woodworking Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_and_Wood_Workers%27_International" title="Building and Wood Workers' International">Building and Wood Workers' International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caricature_Carvers_of_America" title="Caricature Carvers of America">Caricature Carvers of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Building_and_Wood_Workers" title="International Federation of Building and Wood Workers">International Federation of Building and Wood Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Wood_Carvers_Association" title="National Wood Carvers Association">National Wood Carvers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Wood_Engravers" title="Society of Wood Engravers">Society of Wood Engravers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_Framers_Guild" title="Timber Framers Guild">Timber Framers Guild</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conversion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw_mill" title="Chainsaw mill">Chainsaw mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewing" title="Hewing">Hewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">Sawmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipsaw" title="Whipsaw">Whipsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_splitting" title="Wood splitting">Wood splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_sawing" title="Flat sawing">Flat sawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_sawing" title="Quarter sawing">Quarter sawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rift_sawing" title="Rift sawing">Rift sawing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frame_and_panel" title="Frame and panel">Frame and panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frameless_construction" title="Frameless construction">Frameless construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_woodworking" title="Green woodworking">Green woodworking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Woodworking" title="Category:Woodworking">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Woodworking" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Woodworking">WikiProject</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Woodworking" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Woodworking">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Forestry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Forestry" title="Template:Forestry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Forestry" title="Template talk:Forestry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Forestry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Forestry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Forestry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">Forestry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Index_of_forestry_articles" title="Index of forestry articles">Index</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_forest_area" title="List of countries by forest area">Forest areas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_forestry_ministries" title="List of forestry ministries">Ministries</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_forest_research_institutes" title="List of forest research institutes">Research institutes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_forestry_universities_and_colleges" title="List of forestry universities and colleges">Colleges</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_forestry_journals" title="List of forestry journals">Journals</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arbor_Day" title="Arbor Day">Arbor Day</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agroforestry" title="Agroforestry">Agroforestry</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dehesa" title="Dehesa">dehesa</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog forestry">Analog forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_cultivation" title="Bamboo cultivation">Bamboo forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_to_nature_forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Close to nature forestry">Close to nature forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_forestry" title="Community forestry">Community forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoforestry" title="Ecoforestry">Ecoforestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_forestry" title="Energy forestry">Energy forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycoforestry" title="Mycoforestry">Mycoforestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permaforestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Permaforestry">Permaforestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_plantation" title="Tree plantation">Plantation forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_forestry_in_India" title="Social forestry in India">Social forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable forestry">Sustainable forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_forest" title="Urban forest">Urban forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_forestry" title="Urban forestry">Urban forestry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forest_ecology" title="Forest ecology">Ecology</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Forest_management" title="Forest management">management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arboriculture" title="Arboriculture">Arboriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlled_burn" title="Controlled burn">Controlled burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debris" title="Debris">Debris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coarse_woody_debris" title="Coarse woody debris">coarse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driftwood" title="Driftwood">driftwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_woody_debris" title="Large woody debris">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_jam" title="Log jam">log jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slash_(logging)" title="Slash (logging)">slash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendrology" title="Dendrology">Dendrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_thinning" title="Ecological thinning">Ecological thinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even_aged_timber_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Even aged timber management">Even-aged management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_ecology" title="Fire ecology">Fire ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">Forest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forest_dynamics" title="Forest dynamics">dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_informatics" title="Forest informatics">informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_integrated_pest_management" title="Forest integrated pest management">IPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_inventory" title="Forest inventory">inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_governance" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest governance">governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_law" title="Forestry law">law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Forest_Information_Service" title="Global Forest Information Service">Global Forest Information Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old-growth_forest" title="Old-growth forest">old-growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_pathology" title="Forest pathology">pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_protection" title="Forest protection">protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_restoration" title="Forest restoration">restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_forest" title="Secondary forest">secondary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_stand" title="Forest stand">stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_transition" title="Forest transition">transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trillion_Tree_Campaign" title="Trillion Tree Campaign">Trillion Tree Campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certified_wood" title="Certified wood">Forest certification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tree_farm#American_Tree_Farm_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree farm">ATFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CarbonFix_Standard" title="CarbonFix Standard">CFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Stewardship_Council#Standards,_certification_and_accreditation" title="Forest Stewardship Council">FSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_for_the_Endorsement_of_Forest_Certification" title="Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification">PEFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Forestry_Initiative" title="Sustainable Forestry Initiative">SFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainforest_Alliance#Sustainable_forestry_certification" title="Rainforest Alliance">SmartWood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Carbon_Code" title="Woodland Carbon Code">Woodland Carbon Code</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestation" class="mw-redirect" title="Forestation">Forestation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afforestation" title="Afforestation">afforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reforestation" title="Reforestation">reforestation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_formally_designated_forests" title="List of types of formally designated forests">Formally designated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_and_yield_modelling" title="Growth and yield modelling">Growth and yield modelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">Horticulture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_tree" title="Genetically modified tree">GM trees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Tree" title="I-Tree">i-Tree</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_reforestation" title="Urban reforestation">urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silviculture" title="Silviculture">Silviculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_forest_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable forest management">Sustainable management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">Tree</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tree_allometry" title="Tree allometry">allometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_breeding" title="Tree breeding">breeding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_measurement" title="Tree measurement">Tree measurement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tree_crown_measurement" title="Tree crown measurement">crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_girth_measurement" title="Tree girth measurement">girth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_height_measurement" title="Tree height measurement">height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_volume_measurement" title="Tree volume measurement">volume</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environmental<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_rain#Forests_and_other_vegetation" title="Acid rain">Acid rain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_sequestration" title="Carbon sequestration">Carbon sequestration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearcutting" title="Clearcutting">Clearcutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecosystem_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecosystem services">Ecosystem services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_degradation" title="Forest degradation">Forest degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_dieback" title="Forest dieback">Forest dieback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_fragmentation" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest fragmentation">Forest fragmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_forest" title="Ghost forest">Ghost forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Green_Wall_(Africa)" title="Great Green Wall (Africa)">Great Green Wall (Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Green_Wall_(China)" title="Great Green Wall (China)">Great Green Wall (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_grading" title="High grading">High grading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_logging" title="Illegal logging">Illegal logging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timber_mafia" title="Timber mafia">timber mafia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasive_species#Forestry" title="Invasive species">Invasive species</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilding_conifer" title="Wilding conifer">wilding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Tree_Initiative" title="Million Tree Initiative">Million Tree Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reducing_emissions_from_deforestation_and_forest_degradation" class="mw-redirect" title="Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation">REDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifting_cultivation" title="Shifting cultivation">Shifting cultivation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chitemene" title="Chitemene">chitemene</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slash-and-burn" title="Slash-and-burn">slash-and-burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slash-and-char" title="Slash-and-char">slash-and-char</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svedjebruk" class="mw-redirect" title="Svedjebruk">svedjebruk</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_recycling" title="Timber recycling">Timber recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipko_movement" title="Chipko movement">Tree hugging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_forest_inequity" title="Urban forest inequity">Urban forest inequity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">Wildfire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wood_industry" title="Wood industry">Industries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coppicing" title="Coppicing">Coppicing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest farming">Forest farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest gardening">Forest gardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">Logging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">lumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plywood" title="Plywood">plywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry" title="Pulp and paper industry">pulp and paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">sawmilling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_product" title="Forest product">Products</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biochar" title="Biochar">biochar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">charcoal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-timber_forest_product" title="Non-timber forest product">non-timber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">rayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber" title="Natural rubber">rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanbark" title="Tanbark">tanbark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_railway" title="Forest railway">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree farm">Tree farm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree_cultivation" title="Christmas tree cultivation">Christmas trees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">Wood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engineered_wood" title="Engineered wood">engineered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_fuel" title="Wood fuel">fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">mahogany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce-pine-fir" title="Spruce-pine-fir">spruce-pine-fir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">teak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woodworking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_woodworking" title="Green woodworking">green woodworking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forester" title="Forester">Forester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arborist" title="Arborist">Arborist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_bucking" title="Log bucking">Bucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choker_setter" title="Choker setter">Choker setter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_ecology" title="Forest ecology">Ecologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felling" title="Felling">Feller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildland_firefighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildland firefighter">Firefighter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handcrew" title="Handcrew">handcrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interagency_hotshot_crew" class="mw-redirect" title="Interagency hotshot crew">hotshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_lookout" title="Fire lookout">lookout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokejumper" title="Smokejumper">smokejumper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_driving" title="Log driving">River driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logging_truck" title="Logging truck">Truck driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_scaler" title="Log scaler">Log scaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumberjack" title="Lumberjack">Lumberjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_ranger" title="Park ranger">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resin_extraction" title="Resin extraction">Resin tapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_tapping" title="Rubber tapping">Rubber tapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingle_weaver" title="Shingle weaver">Shingle weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_inventory" title="Forest inventory">Timber cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_planting" title="Tree planting">Tree planter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_processing" title="Wood processing">Wood process engineer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Forestry" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Forestry">WikiProject</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span 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