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</button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-古代文明" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古代文明"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 古代文明 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古代文明-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-西漢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西漢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 西漢 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-西漢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-東漢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#東漢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 東漢 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-東漢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-晋代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#晋代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 晋代 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-晋代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-唐代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#唐代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 唐代 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-唐代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宋代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宋代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 宋代 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宋代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-元代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 元代 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-明代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#明代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 明代 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-明代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-清代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#清代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 清代 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-清代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-造纸术的传播" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#造纸术的传播"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 造纸术的传播 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-造纸术的传播-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-制造紙張" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#制造紙張"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 制造紙張 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-制造紙張-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关制造紙張子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-制造紙張-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-原料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 原料 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-原料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-紙漿" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#紙漿"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 紙漿 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-紙漿-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-機械造紙工序" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#機械造紙工序"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 機械造紙工序 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-機械造紙工序-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-种类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#种类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 种类 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-种类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-用途" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#用途"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 用途 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-用途-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 参见 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-備註" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#備註"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 備註 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-備註-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 注释 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 参考文献 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 延伸阅读 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">纸：修订间差异</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。171种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-171" aria-hidden="true" > 171种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%88%E1%88%A8%E1%89%80%E1%89%B5" title="ወረቀት – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ወረቀት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82" title="ورق – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ورق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82" title="ورق – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ورق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9C" title="কাগজ – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাগজ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masinahikanickwemokw" title="Masinahikanickwemokw – 阿提卡米克语" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Masinahikanickwemokw" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="阿提卡米克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C4%9F%C4%B1z" title="Kağız – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kağız" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B0" title="کاغیذ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاغیذ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B%D2%99" title="Ҡағыҙ – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡағыҙ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puop%C4%ABrios" title="Puopīrios – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Puopīrios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratas" title="Keratas – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Keratas" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bajau Sama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Папера – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Папера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Папера – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Папера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertas" title="Kertas – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kertas" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хартия – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хартия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C" title="कागज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कागज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepa" title="Pepa – 比斯拉马语" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Pepa" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉马语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartas" title="Kartas – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kartas" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9C" title="কাগজ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাগজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཤོག་བུ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཤོག་བུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papir" title="Papir – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Papir" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Саарһан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Саарһан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%81i" title="Cāi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cāi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Кехат – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кехат" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%95%D8%B2" title="کاغەز – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاغەز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A2%C4%9F%C4%B1t" title="Kâğıt – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kâğıt" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C3%ADr" title="Papír – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Papír" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%82" title="Хут – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хут" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papur" title="Papur – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Papur" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papir" title="Papir – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Papir" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C4%9F%C4%B1de" title="Kağıde – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kağıde" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%8B%DE%A7%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ކަރުދާސް – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކަރުދާސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AF" title="Χαρτί – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαρτί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papero" title="Papero – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Papero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paber" title="Paber – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Paber" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B0" title="کاغذ – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاغذ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paperi" title="Paperi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paperi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepa" title="Pepa – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Pepa" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiir" title="Papiir – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Papiir" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1ip%C3%A9ar" title="Páipéar – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Páipéar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%99" title="紙 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="紙" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0ipear" title="Pàipear – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pàipear" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuatia" title="Kuatia – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuatia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B3" title="કાગળ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કાગળ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takarda" title="Takarda – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Takarda" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%B9%B3%CC%81" title="Chṳ́ – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chṳ́" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="נייר – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="काग़ज़ – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="काग़ज़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaagaj" title="Kaagaj – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kaagaj" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papir" title="Papir – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Papir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papye" title="Papye – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Papye" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C3%ADr" title="Papír – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Papír" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A9_(%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9)" title="Թուղթ (նյութ) – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուղթ (նյութ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiro" title="Papiro – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Papiro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertas" title="Kertas – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kertas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papere" title="Papere – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Papere" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papero" title="Papero – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Papero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papp%C3%ADr" title="Pappír – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pappír" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta" title="Carta – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%99" title="紙 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="紙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dluwang" title="Dluwang – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dluwang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ქაღალდი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქაღალდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qa%C7%B5az" title="Qaǵaz – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qaǵaz" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iferki" title="Iferki – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iferki" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takaya%C9%A3_hay%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Takayaɣ hayʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Takayaɣ hayʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Қағаз – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қағаз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" title="ក្រដាស – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ក្រដាស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A6" title="ಕಾಗದ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಗದ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EC%9D%B4" title="종이 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="종이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaxez" title="Kaxez – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kaxez" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кагаз – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кагаз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charta" title="Charta – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Charta" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pabeier" title="Pabeier – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Pabeier" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepier" title="Pepier – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Pepier" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C3%AA" title="Papê – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Papê" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palp%C3%A9e" title="Palpée – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Palpée" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%8D" title="ເຈ້ຍ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຈ້ຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popierius" title="Popierius – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Popierius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C4%ABrs" title="Papīrs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Papīrs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taratasy" title="Taratasy – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Taratasy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karateh" title="Karateh – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Karateh" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хартија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хартија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="കടലാസ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കടലാസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Цаас – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цаас" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A6" title="ꯆꯦ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯆꯦ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6" title="कागद – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कागद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertas" title="Kertas – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kertas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karta" title="Karta – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Karta" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0" title="စက္ကူ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စက္ကူ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2" title="Конёв – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Конёв" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iztac_amatl" title="Iztac amatl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Iztac amatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papeer" title="Papeer – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Papeer" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyr" title="Papyr – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Papyr" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C" title="कागज – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कागज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82" title="भ्वं – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भ्वं" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate" title="Karate – 尼亚斯语" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Karate" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="尼亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papir" title="Papir – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Papir" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papir" title="Papir – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Papir" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papi" title="Papi – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Papi" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papi%C3%A8r" title="Papièr – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Papièr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumuagu" title="Bumuagu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Bumuagu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waraqaa" title="Waraqaa – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Waraqaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%9C" title="କାଗଜ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାଗଜ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਕਾਗ਼ਜ਼ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਗ਼ਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B0" title="کاغذ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاغذ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BC%D9%87" title="ليکپاڼه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ليکپاڼه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papil" title="Papil – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Papil" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A2rtie" title="Hârtie – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hârtie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Бумага – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бумага" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0%D2%95%D1%8B" title="Кумааҕы – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кумааҕы" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta" title="Carta – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Carta" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B0" title="ڪاغذ – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاغذ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papir" title="Papir – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Papir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92" title="කඩදාසි – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කඩදාසි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papir" title="Papir – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Papir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakanhi" title="Shakanhi – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Shakanhi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warqad" title="Warqad – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Warqad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letra" title="Letra – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Letra" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Папир – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Папир" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertas" title="Kertas – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kertas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papper" title="Papper – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Papper" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatasi" title="Karatasi – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karatasi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papj%C5%AFr" title="Papjůr – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Papjůr" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/tatipeluk" title="tatipeluk – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="tatipeluk" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="காகிதம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காகிதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="కాగితం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాగితం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Қоғаз – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қоғаз" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9" title="กระดาษ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กระดาษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A2%C4%9F%C4%B1t" title="Kâğıt – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kâğıt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Кәгазь – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кәгазь" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кагаз – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кагаз" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80" title="Папір – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Папір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B0" title="کاغذ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاغذ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qog%CA%BBoz" title="Qogʻoz – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qogʻoz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta" title="Carta – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Carta" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumag" title="Bumag – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bumag" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BA%A5y" title="Giấy – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giấy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C3%AE" title="Papî – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Papî" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B8" title="纸 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纸" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ქაღარდი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქაღარდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8" title="פאפיר – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאפיר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceij" title="Ceij – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ceij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B3a" title="Chóa – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chóa" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%99" title="紙 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="紙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11472#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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diff-side-deleted"><div>'''紙'''是任何[[纖維]]經排水作用後，在'''簾模'''{{noteTag|1=一種既能撈出纖維又能使多餘的水濾去的工具，為特別設計的抄紙簾網，使纖維阻留在模具上形成薄頁狀的紙張雛形。}}上交織成薄頁揭下乾燥後的成品<ref>《The Dictionary of Paper》，1940 P.246 ；1965 P.323</ref>。紙是書寫、印刷的載體，也可以作為包裝、衛生等其他用途，如[[打印紙]]、[[複寫紙]]、[[衛生紙]]、[[面紙]]、[[宣紙]]等等。</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>'''紙'''是任何[[纖維]]經排水作用後，在'''簾模'''{{noteTag|1=一種既能撈出纖維又能使多餘的水濾去的工具，為特別設計的抄紙簾網，使纖維阻留在模具上形成薄頁狀的紙張雛形。}}上交織成薄頁揭下乾燥後的成品<ref>《The Dictionary of Paper》，1940 P.246 ；1965 P.323</ref>。紙是書寫、印刷的載體，也可以作為包裝、衛生等其他用途，如[[打印紙]]、[[複寫紙]]、[[衛生紙]]、[[面紙]]、[[宣紙]]等等。</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>古代的紙有各種材料，真正意義的造紙技術源於[[中國]]，當時首創發明以植物纖維無規則交叉排列的複合材料，在不同的環境下都能夠廉價的取得、製作、保存和書寫，它的出現與普及讓人類的知識得以方便地被保存及迅速地被傳播，對於[[人類文明]]有非常重要的意義。</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>古代的紙有各種材料，真正意義的造紙技術源於[[中國]]，當時首創發明以植物纖維無規則交叉排列的複合材料，在不同的環境下都能夠廉價的取得、製作、保存和書寫，它的出現與普及讓人類的知識得以方便地被保存及迅速地被傳播，對於[[人類文明]]有非常重要的意義<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">。紙通常是白色的</ins>。</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>== 定义 ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>== 定义 ==</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>2022年3月5日 (六) 10:59的版本</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/25px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/38px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/50px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a>提示：此条目页的主题不是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E7%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="電子紙">電子紙</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E7%9A%AE%E7%B4%99" title="羊皮紙">羊皮紙</a>。</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5.jpg/250px-%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5.jpg/375px-%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5.jpg/500px-%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>各种颜色的紙</figcaption></figure> 紙是任何<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="纖維">纖維</a>經排水作用後，在簾模<a href="#cite_note-1">[註 1]</a>上交織成薄頁揭下乾燥後的成品<a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a>。紙是書寫、印刷的載體，也可以作為包裝、衛生等其他用途，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="打印纸">打印紙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E5%AF%AB%E7%B4%99" class="mw-disambig" title="複寫紙">複寫紙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%99" title="衛生紙">衛生紙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E7%B4%99" title="面紙">面紙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%BA%B8" title="宣纸">宣紙</a>等等。 古代的紙有各種材料，真正意義的造紙技術源於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>，當時首創發明以植物纖維無規則交叉排列的複合材料，在不同的環境下都能夠廉價的取得、製作、保存和書寫，它的出現與普及讓人類的知識得以方便地被保存及迅速地被傳播，對於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="人类文明">人類文明</a>有非常重要的意義。紙通常是白色的。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定义">定义</h2></div> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="東漢">東漢</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%B1%E6%85%8E" title="許慎">許慎</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%96%87%E8%A7%A3%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="說文解字">說文解字</a>》：「紙，絮一苫也。」<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E7%8E%89%E8%A3%81" title="段玉裁">段玉裁</a>注：「絮」是由漂絮和煮繭所得的殘餘纖維；「苫」<a href="#cite_note-3">[註 2]</a>是指草類編成用以為蓋的蓆。 古代中國以簡牘、絲帛、龜甲、獸骨、木板、樹皮紙......等多種材料進行書寫，其中的絲帛與樹皮紙演化為後世的紙張。參考凌純聲先生的著作可知：蔡伦改良造纸技法的创新源流，受有南岛语族树皮布文化的影响。蔡伦将古代造丝纸（汉族本身传统）和造树皮布纸（南岛外来文化）的两种工艺整合起来，以造丝纸工艺的制纸工法，结合造树皮布纸工艺的材料学知识，从动物性材料（蚕丝）改为转用植物纤维（渔网、木料）来造纸，遂得到便宜、好用的「真纸」，时人名之曰「蔡侯纸」。<a href="#cite_note-4">[2]</a> 現代造紙藝術復興之父<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%9D%AD%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="達德·杭特（页面不存在）">達德·杭特</a>曾經下了這個的定義：要把薄片狀的物質歸類為真正的紙，這些薄片必須是由徹底分解到每條細絲都已徹底分離的纖維結構；將這些不同材質的纖維混合在水中並加以膠結，再用篩狀的濾網將紙漿從水裡篩出，水透過濾網的小孔眼瀝出並在濾網表面留下乾燥薄片，細密纖維並能呈現出平整薄層的形式，這個纏結在一起的薄層纖維材料就是紙。 同樣是以植物性材料，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="古埃及">古埃及人</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E8%8D%89%E7%BA%B8" title="莎草纸">莎草纸</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BA%B8" title="中国纸">中国纸</a>的最大区别，在于莎草纸是将莎草片粘连而成，莎草纤维并未分解，纤维的排列仍然保留自然的次序，纖維排列的單一性厚重，不利於書寫和折疊與乾燥，再者原料莎莎草僅尼羅河流域有；中国纸中纤维既不同于植物界纤维的有序排列，又不同于纺织品的几何排列，而是无规交叉的排列，製作簡單加上適當的膠結和黏合，形成既輕薄又強韌吸水的材料，因此可以用來長期保存資料，原料也十分多元，可以利用所有環境的植物，最終傳布至世界各地。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史">历史</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="纸的历史">纸的历史</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古代文明">古代文明</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_hemp_paper_western_han.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Chinese_hemp_paper_western_han.jpg/200px-Chinese_hemp_paper_western_han.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Chinese_hemp_paper_western_han.jpg/300px-Chinese_hemp_paper_western_han.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Chinese_hemp_paper_western_han.jpg/400px-Chinese_hemp_paper_western_han.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="1128" /></a><figcaption>1957年出土于<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%9E%E6%A1%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="灞桥">灞橋</a>一座汉墓的不晚于<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B1%89" title="西汉">西汉</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" title="汉武帝">汉武帝</a>时期的古纸，即<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%9E%E6%A9%8B%E7%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="灞橋紙">灞橋紙</a>。现藏<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="陕西历史博物馆">陕西历史博物馆</a></figcaption></figure> 古代文明曾采用过各种材料书写<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%A6" title="巴比伦">古巴比伦人</a>將<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%94%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="楔形文字">楔形文字</a>刻在泥板上，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="古埃及">古埃及人</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E8%8D%89%E7%BA%B8" title="莎草纸">莎草纸</a>上书写，古阿玆提克人及瑪雅人以桑科植物樹皮製作的厚紙書寫繪畫，古<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>人用贝叶（棕櫚葉）刻写佛经，古近东人與中古歐洲人用野兽皮书写，而古代中国的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87" title="甲骨文">甲骨文</a>刻在龟甲和兽骨上，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8" title="西周">西周</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%96%87" title="金文">铭文</a>刻在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%99%A8" title="青铜器">青铜器</a>上，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="秦">秦</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89" class="mw-disambig" title="汉">汉</a>陶文刻在<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E5%99%A8" title="陶器">陶器</a>上，以后还有刻石、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E7%AE%80" class="mw-redirect" title="竹简">竹简</a>、木片、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B2%E5%B8%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="絲帛">丝帛</a>等等作为过书写的载体，但是它们各有缺点：或是太沉重，或是太昂贵，不能大量使用，部份更不能修改。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="西漢">西漢</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fangmatan_paper_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Fangmatan_paper_map.jpg/220px-Fangmatan_paper_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Fangmatan_paper_map.jpg/330px-Fangmatan_paper_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Fangmatan_paper_map.jpg/440px-Fangmatan_paper_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="489" /></a><figcaption>甘肃天水放马滩五号墓出土的纸地图</figcaption></figure> 以往認為中國造紙起源東漢，但近年來的一些考古遺跡有了新發現，例如： <ul><li>1934年在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆">新疆</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E5%B8%83%E6%B7%96%E7%88%BE%E7%83%BD%E7%87%A7%E8%87%BA%E5%BB%A2%E5%A2%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅布淖爾烽燧臺廢墟（页面不存在）">羅布淖爾烽燧臺廢墟</a>发现古麻纸，約長10公分，寬4公分，年代为公元前1世纪。</li> <li>1942年在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="甘肅">甘肅</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%BF%9F%E7%B4%8D%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="額濟納河">額濟納河</a>東岸<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A5%E7%A7%91%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%96%E6%BC%A2%E4%BB%A3%E7%83%BD%E7%87%A7%E9%81%BA%E5%9D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="查科爾帖漢代烽燧遺址（页面不存在）">查科爾帖漢代烽燧遺址</a>出土「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A5%E7%A7%91%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%96%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="查科爾帖紙（页面不存在）">查科爾帖紙</a>」</li> <li>1957年在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="西安">西安</a>东郊汉墓出土的“<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%9E%E6%A1%A5%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="灞桥纸">灞桥纸</a>”，約10<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%88%86" class="mw-redirect" title="公分">公分</a>見方，年代为公元前二世纪。</li> <li>1973年在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="甘肅">甘肅</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%BF%9F%E7%B4%8D%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="額濟納河">額濟納河</a>東岸<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E9%87%91%E9%97%9C%E7%83%BD%E7%87%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漢金關烽燧（页面不存在）">漢金關烽燧</a>遺址出土「金關紙」</li> <li>1978年在<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="陕西">陕西</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E9%A3%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="扶风">扶风</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%A1%8F%E6%9D%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中顏村（页面不存在）">中顏村</a>发现公元前1世纪纸残片，上有四个手写的字。</li> <li>1986年在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="甘肅">甘肅</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="天水">天水</a>西漢初期的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E9%A6%AC%E7%81%98%E6%BC%A2%E4%BB%A3%E5%A2%93%E8%91%AC%E7%BE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="放馬灘漢代墓葬群（页面不存在）">放馬灘漢代墓葬群</a>中出土「放馬灘紙」，繪有地圖，是現存已知世界最早紙地圖。</li> <li>1990年在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="甘肅">甘肅</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="敦煌">敦煌</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9C%E6%B0%B4%E4%BA%95" title="甜水井">甜水井</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E4%BB%A3%E6%87%B8%E6%B3%89%E9%83%B5%E9%A9%9B%E9%81%BA%E5%9D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漢代懸泉郵驛遺址（页面不存在）">漢代懸泉郵驛遺址</a>出土「懸泉紙」<a href="#cite_note-ye-5">[3]</a>。</li></ul> 這些考古樣本包括在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F" title="中原">中原</a>確認年代遺址中被發現的，為中國造紙起源於<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E6%B1%89" class="mw-redirect" title="前汉">前漢</a>之說提供確切的佐證。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%98%93%E7%B0%A1" title="蘇易簡">蘇易簡</a>《文房四譜》卷四亦載：「漢初已有幡紙代簡。……蔡倫剉故佈及魚網、樹皮，而作之彌工，如<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E6%81%AC" title="蒙恬">蒙恬</a>之前已有筆之謂也」。所謂幡紙即以蠶絲絲絮壓製粘合成的紙。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="東漢">東漢</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manuscript_on_paper._Fulongping,_Langzhou,_Gansu._Eastern_Han.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Manuscript_on_paper._Fulongping%2C_Langzhou%2C_Gansu._Eastern_Han.jpg/220px-Manuscript_on_paper._Fulongping%2C_Langzhou%2C_Gansu._Eastern_Han.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Manuscript_on_paper._Fulongping%2C_Langzhou%2C_Gansu._Eastern_Han.jpg/330px-Manuscript_on_paper._Fulongping%2C_Langzhou%2C_Gansu._Eastern_Han.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Manuscript_on_paper._Fulongping%2C_Langzhou%2C_Gansu._Eastern_Han.jpg/440px-Manuscript_on_paper._Fulongping%2C_Langzhou%2C_Gansu._Eastern_Han.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1893" data-file-height="2442" /></a><figcaption>兰州伏龙坪东汉墓出土的墨书纸，现藏<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83%E7%9C%81%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="甘肃省博物馆">甘肃省博物馆</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="東漢">東漢</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E5%80%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="蔡倫">蔡倫</a>改良造紙術。他首創用樹皮、麻頭和破布造纸。樹皮內含物木素、果膠、蛋白質，製造較為麻煩、困難。東漢<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E7%91%97" title="崔瑗">崔瑗</a>曾經送給好友<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E9%BE%94" title="葛龔">葛龔</a>十卷《許子》的書，在他給葛龔的信件裏提及：因為生活不富裕，沒辦法用白絹，只能用紙。由此可約略看出紙張在當時的應用情形。<a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a>當時是屬於初步發展的粗糙產品，但這種便宜的材料已經可以堪用。 1987年在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="兰州">兰州</a>伏龙坪发现一座<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89" title="东汉">东汉</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E7%81%B5%E5%B8%9D" title="汉灵帝">灵帝</a>之后的墓葬，其中一面<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C%E9%95%9C" title="铜镜">铜镜</a>上包裹着两张用墨写有<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B6%E4%B9%A6" title="隶书">隶书</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B7%E4%B9%A6" title="楷书">楷书</a>的纸，内容大致为家书，可能是蔡伦改良后的纸。<a href="#cite_note-ye-5">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="晋代">晋代</h3></div> 晋代造纸术有进一步的发展，藤被广泛地用作造纸材料。人们开始将大批竹简文书，誊抄到纸上。纸開始代替竹简成为文字载体。中国纸经过<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="丝绸之路">丝绸之路</a>向<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" title="西域">西域</a>传播。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="唐代">唐代</h3></div> 此際政府在江南各地设立官方纸坊。<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>时雕版<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="印刷术">印刷术</a>出现，大大刺激了纸的发展。纸和印刷术的发明使知识的传播达到了一个空前的高度。唐代著名的纸张有用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E8%98%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄蘖（页面不存在）">黄蘖</a>染成的可避虫蛀的硬黄纸、有<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E6%B6%9B" title="薛涛">薛涛</a>的“十色小笺”等。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AF%B6" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="天寶">天寶</a>年間，<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%99%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="造紙術">造紙術</a>經由<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9B%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="怛羅斯戰役">怛羅斯戰役</a>傳至<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="大食">大食</a>。<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宋代">宋代</h3></div> 宋代造紙原料范围擴大，竹子被大量用来造纸。蜀中造纸多用麻，江浙多用嫩竹和麦茎稻秆，北方造纸用藤<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a>。著名的紙張有澄心堂纸、黄白经笺、碧云春树、龙凤、团花、金花、藤白等笺，还有<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%BD%E5%B7%9E" title="徽州">徽州</a>「龍須紙」，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%99%E6%9D%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="余杭">余杭</a>由「拳紙」，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="溫州">溫州</a>「蠲紙」，广南「梅州纸」等<a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元代">元代</h3></div> 元代著名的纸张有<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8D%E5%85%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="绍兴">绍兴</a>出产的彩色粉笺、蜡笺、黄笺、花笺、罗纹笺；<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="江西">江西</a>出产的白录纸、观音纸、清江纸等<a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="明代">明代</h3></div> 明代<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%BA%94%E6%98%9F" title="宋应星">宋应星</a>所著的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B7%A5%E5%BC%80%E7%89%A9" title="天工开物">天工开物</a>》最早对造纸术作详细叙述。明代<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%9C%87%E4%BA%A8" title="文震亨">文震亨</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E7%89%A9%E5%BF%97" title="长物志">长物志</a>一书中记述：明代有连七纸、观音纸、奏本纸、榜纸、大内洒金五色粉笺、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-disambig" title="吴中">吴中</a>洒金纸、松江谭笺、泾县连四纸；此外还有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>金花五色笺、高丽白茧纸等<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a>。 <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 815px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">天工开物記載造紙法</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Making_Paper_1.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="斬竹漂塘"><img alt="斬竹漂塘" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Making_Paper_1.PNG/84px-Making_Paper_1.PNG" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Making_Paper_1.PNG/126px-Making_Paper_1.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Making_Paper_1.PNG/168px-Making_Paper_1.PNG 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="510" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">斬竹漂塘</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Making_Paper_2.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="煮楻足火"><img alt="煮楻足火" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Making_Paper_2.PNG/85px-Making_Paper_2.PNG" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Making_Paper_2.PNG/127px-Making_Paper_2.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Making_Paper_2.PNG/170px-Making_Paper_2.PNG 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="503" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">煮楻足火</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Making_Paper_3.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="蕩料入簾"><img alt="蕩料入簾" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Making_Paper_3.PNG/82px-Making_Paper_3.PNG" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Making_Paper_3.PNG/124px-Making_Paper_3.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Making_Paper_3.PNG/165px-Making_Paper_3.PNG 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="507" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">蕩料入簾</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Making_Paper_4.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="覆簾壓紙"><img alt="覆簾壓紙" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Making_Paper_4.PNG/83px-Making_Paper_4.PNG" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Making_Paper_4.PNG/124px-Making_Paper_4.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Making_Paper_4.PNG/165px-Making_Paper_4.PNG 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="510" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">覆簾壓紙</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Making_Paper_5.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="透火焙乾"><img alt="透火焙乾" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Making_Paper_5.PNG/83px-Making_Paper_5.PNG" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Making_Paper_5.PNG/125px-Making_Paper_5.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Making_Paper_5.PNG/166px-Making_Paper_5.PNG 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="510" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">透火焙乾</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="清代">清代</h3></div> 清代常用的纸张包括：高丽纸、竹料连四纸、连四抄纸、清水连四纸、古色连四纸、本色毛边纸、香色蓝色连四纸、方白銮纸、二白銮纸、山西纸、青纸、方高纸、官青纸、宫笺纸、粉笺纸、珠砂笺纸、各色毛边纸、绵纸、蜡花纸、呈文纸、西清纸、榜纸、宫清纸、皂青纸、锦地绿花倭子纸纸、倭子纸、衢红纸、京文纸、罗文纸等<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="造纸术的传播">造纸术的传播</h2></div> 造纸术在七世纪初传入<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>，可能在7世纪以前就已经西传至<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚</a>地区，早在公元650年造纸术就传入中亚的<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E7%BD%95" class="mw-redirect" title="撒马尔罕">撒马尔罕</a>。<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a>到了公元707年纸张已在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="阿拉伯半岛">阿拉伯半岛</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加">麥加</a>被阿拉伯人使用。794年<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE" title="巴格达">巴格达</a>出现由中国工匠建立的造纸作坊，造纸术由此传到阿拉伯地区。公元800年世纪传入<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>，逐渐取代莎草纸，<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a>到十世纪中，完全取代莎草纸。 12世纪初传入<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>，最初由阿拉伯人在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E8%92%82%E7%93%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克萨蒂瓦（页面不存在）">克萨蒂瓦</a>建立了造纸厂，1157年基督徒在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%BE%E9%9A%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比达隆（页面不存在）">比达隆</a>建立造纸厂。<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>在12世纪就用阿拉伯人输入的纸，到1268年才在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布里亚诺（页面不存在）">布里亚诺</a>建立第一座造纸厂，其后，在1293年<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="波洛尼亚">波洛尼亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="帕多瓦">帕多瓦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9A" title="热那亚">热那亚</a>等地相继出现造纸厂。14世纪传入<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>，1348年<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E9%B2%81%E7%93%A6" title="特鲁瓦">特鲁瓦</a>出现法国第一家造纸厂。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>从13世纪已经由意大利进口纸张，1390年在意大利人协助下在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乌尔曼·施特罗梅尔（页面不存在）">乌尔曼·施特罗梅尔</a>建立第一座造纸厂。荷兰在1586年在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%B7%E8%B5%AB%E7%89%B9" title="多德雷赫特">多德雷赫特</a>建立造纸厂。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>在14世纪初由意大利进口纸张，1495年约翰·泰特（John Tate）在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E9%A1%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="芬·迪顿（页面不存在）">芬·迪顿</a>建立第一所造纸厂，到了17世纪末，英国约有百来家造纸厂。俄罗斯在1575年建立第一家造纸厂，到18世纪初，俄罗斯已有23家造纸厂。 <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a>第一家造纸廠建立在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%9F%8E" title="墨西哥城">墨西哥城</a>附近的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%8E%E5%9D%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库尔华坎（页面不存在）">库尔华坎</a>（Culhuacan），美国第一家造纸厂于1690年在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="费城">费城</a>附近建立，1729年英国人在费城附近的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="切斯特克里克（页面不存在）">切斯特克里克</a>建立著名的“长春藤造纸厂”。1803年美国人在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="魁北克">魁北克</a>省的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣安德路斯（页面不存在）">圣安德路斯</a>镇建立第一家造纸廠<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="制造紙張">制造紙張</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%BA%B8%E6%9C%AF" title="造纸术">造纸术</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:InternationalPaper6413.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/InternationalPaper6413.jpg/200px-InternationalPaper6413.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/InternationalPaper6413.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>國際紙業的造紙廠</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Papiermaschine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Papiermaschine.jpg/200px-Papiermaschine.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Papiermaschine.jpg/300px-Papiermaschine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Papiermaschine.jpg/400px-Papiermaschine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>造紙機</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="原料">原料</h3></div> 造纸的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4" title="纤维">纤维</a>来源于：<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="麻">麻</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%89" class="mw-redirect" title="棉">棉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A4" title="藤">藤</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%91" title="桑树">桑皮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%80%E6%A0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="檀树">檀皮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%99%E8%93%89" class="mw-disambig" title="芙蓉">芙蓉</a>皮、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%BB" title="稻">稻</a>杆、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="麦">麦</a>杆、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B9" title="竹">竹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%91%E6%9C%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="树木">树木</a>、旧<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="报纸">报纸</a>、旧<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A3%E6%9C%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="衣服">衣服</a>等。 現代另有一種是石頭紙是使用HDPE塑膠與石頭粉為原料製作，與傳統紙張不同沒有用植物纖維做原料<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="紙漿">紙漿</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%B5%86" title="木浆">木浆</a></div> <ul><li>磨木紙漿（Groundwood Pulp） <ul><li>利用機械碾磨力以取得木材<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4" title="纤维">纤维</a>，又稱為機械紙漿（mechanical pulp），主要可再分為一般機械漿、精製機械漿、熱磨機械漿等。</li></ul></li> <li>化學紙漿（Chemical Pulp） <ul><li>利用化學法將<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="纖維">纖维</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%B3%AA%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="木質素">木質素</a>分開以取得木材纖維，主要可再分為蘇打漿、亞硫酸鹽漿、硫酸鹽漿等。</li></ul></li> <li>半化學紙漿（Semichemical Pulp） <ul><li>結合機械法與化學法之製漿方式，可再分為中性半化學漿、冷蘇打漿、化學機械漿等。</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="機械造紙工序">機械造紙工序</h3></div> 造紙的木材鋸成合適的呎吋後即進行去皮的工序，將原木放入大型滾筒內，滾筒轉動時原木互相磨擦而去除樹皮，脫落的樹皮會用作鍋爐的燃料，去皮後的原木會被切割成1.5到2吋，厚度0.25吋的方形木片，<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E6%9C%A8" title="軟木">軟木</a>（Softwood）片及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E6%9C%A8" title="硬木">硬木</a>（hardwood）片因物理特性不同而需分開處理。 木材由細小的細胞膜質纖維（cellulose fibers）以稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%B3%AA%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="木質素">木質素</a>（lignin）的膠狀物質黏合組成，製造紙漿時利用化學物（例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%81%B0" title="石灰">石灰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A0" title="氢氧化钠">氢氧化钠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A0" title="硫化钠">硫化钠</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" title="亚硫酸盐">亚硫酸盐</a>）蒸煮木片分解木質素從而而將<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4" title="纤维">纤维</a>分離。將木片放入稱為蒸煮器（digesters）的巨大容器內，其功能類似廚房用的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B%E9%8D%8B" title="壓力鍋">壓力鍋</a>（pressure cooker），木片及化學物在加壓下蒸煮1.5到4小時直至成為濕軟如麥片的混合物，分離後的纖維可懸浮於水上。混合物經清洗以去除剩餘的化學物和分解的木質素及漂白至合適的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白度（页面不存在）">白度</a>（whiteness）。從這裡紙漿要通過一系列精鍊機（refiners），將紙漿內的纖維壁上線狀元素鬆閞令表層粗糙，纖維互相纏著成為張狀。接著加上<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%93%E6%96%99" title="染料">染料</a>（dyes）及其他添加劑使成品的紙張擁有所需的特性。这些<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%91" class="mw-disambig" title="添加劑">添加剂</a>有<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%82%E7%99%BD%E5%8A%91" title="漂白劑">漂白剂</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%BD%E8%83%B6%E5%89%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="施胶剂（页面不存在）">施胶剂</a>两大类，前者包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%82%E7%99%BD%E7%B2%89" class="mw-redirect" title="漂白粉">漂白粉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%B0%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="液氯">液氯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="双氧水">双氧水</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%94%8C" title="连二亚硫酸锌">连二亚硫酸锌</a>，以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%A3%BA%E9%85%B8" title="氨基磺酸">氨基磺酸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="硅酸钠">硅酸钠</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%95%81" title="硫酸镁">硫酸镁</a>为辅料，后者包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%80%E7%B2%89" title="淀粉">淀粉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AF%E9%86%87" title="聚乙烯醇">聚乙烯醇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E8%86%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="動物膠">动物胶</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%97%BB%E9%85%B8" title="海藻酸">藻酸</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%BB%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藻酸钠（页面不存在）">钠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E9%A6%99" title="松香">松香</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BE%E9%A6%99%E7%9A%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="松香皂（页面不存在）">皂</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9C%A1%E4%B9%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蜡乳（页面不存在）">蜡乳</a>液和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%AC%E8%84%82%E9%85%B8%E7%9A%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硬脂酸皂（页面不存在）">硬脂酸皂</a>等，并常常以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%B1%E6%80%A7%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="碱性碳酸钙（页面不存在）">碱性</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%99" class="mw-redirect" title="碳酸钙">碳酸钙</a>为填料，以提高<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8B%E6%84%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="手感（页面不存在）">手感</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白度（页面不存在）">白度</a>。 紙漿以二十份水對一份纖維的比例加水，通過造紙機的成形布或網（forming fabric or wire），紙漿的纖維互相交織而形成紙張及除去大部分水份。再進入壓榨部，紙張再通過一系列的吸水毛布變的更乾;後進入烘乾部（dryers），有著蒸汽加熱的容器罐，清除紙張內留存的水份。紙張再經一個塗佈工序在紙張兩面添加澱粉溶液，澱粉使紙張表面平滑及將來用於印刷時油墨不會化開，由塗佈含有水份，紙張需重複先前的烘乾程序。烘乾後的紙張再通過沉重而光滑的滾軸進行磨光令表面更加光滑，紙張在後方收集卷成大紙卷，再分割成合適闊度的小紙卷，部分原卷包裝出貨，而部分再加工切成合適呎吋的平張才包裝出貨。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="种类">种类</h2></div> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古紙（页面不存在）">古紙</a>（Ancient Paper）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8B%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="手造紙（页面不存在）">手造紙</a>（Hand-made Paper） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%B4%99" class="mw-disambig" title="唐紙">唐紙</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%BA%B8" title="宣纸">宣紙</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%99" title="和紙">和紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="韩纸">韓紙</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A9%9F%E8%A3%BD%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="機製紙（页面不存在）">機製紙</a>（Machine-made Paper）：現代生產的紙（包括紙張和紙板）絕大部份都是機製紙。 <ul><li>新聞用紙</li> <li>印刷和書寫用紙</li> <li>非塗料紙（機械）</li> <li>塗料紙（機械）：含機械加工紙漿10%以上的塗料紙。</li> <li>非塗料紙（不含磨木漿）</li> <li>塗料紙（不含磨木漿）：是指機械加工紙漿含量在10%以下的塗料紙。</li></ul></li> <li>加工紙（Converted Paper）</li> <li>特種紙（Specialty Paper） <ul><li>無碳複寫紙</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E7%BA%B8" title="合成纸">合成紙</a></li></ul></li> <li>功能紙（Functional Paper）</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="用途">用途</h2></div> <ul><li>書寫及印刷：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%8F%E7%AB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="奏章">奏章</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%83%E5%8D%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="考卷（页面不存在）">考卷</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%A1%E7%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="信纸（页面不存在）">信纸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%B0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="信封">信封</a>、书函、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E7%9C%9F%E7%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="传真纸（页面不存在）">传真纸</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电报纸（页面不存在）">电报纸</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%B8%E6%B0%B4%E7%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吸水纸（页面不存在）">吸水纸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%BF%A1%E7%89%87" title="明信片">明信片</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E5%B8%96" title="喜帖">喜帖</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%BA%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贺年片（页面不存在）">贺年片</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E7%89%87" title="名片">名片</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E8%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="春联">春联</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9C%A1%E7%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蜡纸（页面不存在）">蜡纸</a>、纸铅笔<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a></li> <li>本冊及單張：书本、画册、记事本、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%AE%B0%E6%9C%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日记本（页面不存在）">日记本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E6%9C%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="笔记本">笔记本</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%BF%E6%9D%A1%E6%9C%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="便条本（页面不存在）">便条本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A" title="期刊">期刊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="说明书">说明书</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%90%E8%B0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="乐谱">乐谱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE" title="地图">地图</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%9B%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="气象图">气象图</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%8E%86" class="mw-redirect" title="日历">日历</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E4%BB%BD%E7%89%8C" title="月份牌">月份牌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="报纸">报纸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%8A%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="海报">海报</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E5%96%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="傳單">传单</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%91%8A" title="布告">布告</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%97%E6%8A%A5" title="大字报">大字报</a>、纸旗帜</li> <li>包裝用紙：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E7%9B%92" class="mw-disambig" title="紙盒">纸盒</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%85%E8%A3%85%E7%9B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="包装盒（页面不存在）">包装盒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E7%AE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="紙箱">纸箱</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B8%E7%AD%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纸筒（页面不存在）">纸筒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E6%9D%BF" title="纸板">纸板</a>、纸绳、纸袋、纸带、纸套、蜡纸、油紙、包书纸，衬衣纸托、包裹衬垫纸条、鸡蛋盒</li> <li>有價證券及票據：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%B9%A3" title="紙幣">紙幣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%BA%E5%88%B8" title="债券">债券</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A1%E7%A5%A8" title="股票">股票</a>、邮票，证券、支票、汇票、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%A5%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地契（页面不存在）">地契</a>、欠条、<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AE%E7%A5%A8" title="邮票">邮票</a>、帐单、发票、学历证书、商业证书、出生证书、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E5%A9%9A%E8%AD%89%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="結婚證書">結婚證書</a>、户口簿、学生证、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3%E9%89%B4%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宝石鉴定书（页面不存在）">宝石鉴定书</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A4%E7%85%A7" title="护照">护照</a>、签证、通行证、配给票、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%AE%E9%A3%9F%E7%A5%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="粮食票（页面不存在）">粮食票</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B9%E7%A5%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="油票（页面不存在）">油票</a>、米票、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%A5%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="布票">布票</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E7%A5%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="飞机票">飞机票</a>、登机票、轮船票、火车票、公共汽车票、电影票、剧院票、彩票、马票、各类门票、入场券</li> <li>家居用品：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B8%E7%AA%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纸窗（页面不存在）">纸窗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%86%E7%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="牆紙">墙纸</a>、裱糊纸、纸席、纸窗帘、纸门帘、纸屏风、纸碗、纸碟、纸尺、纸杯、纸桌布、纸雨伞（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E7%B4%99%E5%82%98" title="油紙傘">油紙傘</a>）、纸扇、纸衣<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a>、纸被<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a>、纸帐<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a>、纸帽子、纸灯笼、纸<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AF%E7%BD%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="灯罩">灯罩</a>、纸手袋、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%9F%B4" title="火柴">火柴</a>、引火纸、吹火、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E8%9D%87%E7%BA%B8" title="捕蝇纸">捕蝇纸</a>、滤尘纸、滤尘袋、纸尿裤<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a></li> <li>庆典：红双喜，红包。</li> <li>餐饮业：菜单、餐巾、餐牌、纸杯、纸碟、消毒纸、叉烧包纸、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B8%E5%8C%85%E9%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纸包鸡（页面不存在）">纸包鸡</a></li> <li>清潔用品：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%B0%BF%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="紙尿片">纸尿片</a>、纸卫生片、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="卫生纸">卫生纸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E7%B4%99" title="面紙">面紙</a>、纸<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E8%86%9C" title="面膜">面膜</a>、纸餐巾、擦镜头纸</li> <li>遊戲玩具：<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%91%E5%85%8B%E7%89%8C" title="扑克牌">扑克牌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E7%89%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="纸牌">纸牌</a>、纸棋盘、纸七巧板、纸拼图、纸風筝、纸風車、纸灯笼、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%98%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="折纸">折纸</a>、紙球、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="紙飛機">紙飛機</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="紙模型">紙模型</a></li> <li>摄影像纸，胶卷盒</li> <li>美術用品：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%BB%E7%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="画纸（页面不存在）">画纸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BD%A9%E7%B4%99" title="水彩紙">水彩紙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%BA%B8" title="宣纸">宣纸</a>、照相纸、纸曝光表、纸相框、相片角、照相册、黑纸、色纸、纸盒照相机、幻灯片纸框、临摹纸、糊裱纸、画框内衬卡纸</li> <li>傳統文化：<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E7%BA%B8" title="剪纸">剪纸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9E%AD%E7%82%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="鞭炮">鞭炮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%BB" title="年画">年画</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%8C%85" title="紅包">紅包</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E6%98%8E%E7%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="孔明灯">孔明灯</a>、纸灯笼、纸花、纸球、纸人、纸房屋、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E9%8C%A2" title="紙錢">纸钱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E8%80%81%E8%99%8E" title="纸老虎">纸老虎</a>、彩带、彩旗</li> <li>手工业：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="沙紙">沙纸</a>、裁缝样板、纸量尺</li> <li>医疗：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%84%E6%96%B9" title="处方">處方</a>、中藥處方、<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E5%8E%86" title="病历">病历</a>、心電图记录纸、脑電图记录纸、醫療卡</li> <li>消费品：香烟、茶包</li> <li>装修：木地板铺垫纸、乙烯基薄片垫</li> <li>工业：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%9D%E7%BC%98%E7%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="绝缘纸（页面不存在）">绝缘纸</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%A4%E5%B0%98%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="滤尘器（页面不存在）">滤尘器</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%E8%81%B2%E5%99%A8" title="揚聲器">扬声器</a>喇叭、手机SIM卡<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a>。</li> <li>科学技术：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%95%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="试纸">试纸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%BE%E7%B4%99" title="濾紙">滤纸</a>、仪表记录纸卷、纸电池<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a></li> <li>军需：纸盔甲<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a>、纸枪<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a></li> <li>其他：书签，告票、传票、封条、纸棺<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a>、纸手机<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a>、纸船<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a>、食物<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E7%B4%AE" title="紙紮">纸扎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E9%8C%A2" title="紙錢">纸钱</a>、纸井盖<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见">参见</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%BA%B8%E6%9C%AF" title="造纸术">造纸术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%B5%86" title="木浆">木浆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E6%B5%86%E5%8E%82" title="制浆厂">制浆厂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%BA%B8%E5%8E%82" title="造纸厂">造纸厂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5%E5%B0%BA%E5%AF%B8" title="紙張尺寸">纸张尺寸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E7%9A%AE%E7%B4%99" title="羊皮紙">羊皮紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E7%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="電子紙">電子紙</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="備註">備註</h2></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> 一種既能撈出纖維又能使多餘的水濾去的工具，為特別設計的抄紙簾網，使纖維阻留在模具上形成薄頁狀的紙張雛形。 </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> 【苫】作名詞時，注音：ㄕㄢ，拼音：shān </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释">注释</h2></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> 《The Dictionary of Paper》，1940 P.246 ；1965 P.323 </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> 凌纯声，〈中国古代的树皮布文化与造纸术发明〉，《树皮布印文陶与造纸印刷树发明》（台北南港：中央硏究院民族学硏究所，1963），p1-p28 ；同书〈华南与东亚及中美洲的树皮布石打棒〉，p185-p191 </li> <li id="cite_note-ye-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ye_5-0">3.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ye_5-1">3.1</a> 叶削坚. 近期甘肃境内关于纸的两次考古发现. 图书与情报, 1994, 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E7%91%97" title="崔瑗">崔瑗</a>《與葛元甫書》：「今遣奉書，錢千為贄，并送許子十卷，貧不及素，但以紙耳。」引自《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E6%96%87%E9%A1%9E%E8%81%9A/%E5%8D%B7031" class="extiw" title="s:藝文類聚/卷031">藝文類聚‧卷三十一</a>》 </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> 朱玫; 辛水. 纸的改良及书的产生——从兰州伏龙坪东汉墓出土的墨书纸谈起. 兰州学刊, 1995, 2: 32-34. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> 明<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%9C%87%E4%BA%A8" title="文震亨">文震亨</a>著海军等注释　长物志图说368页 </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="宋">宋</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%98%93%E7%AE%80" class="mw-redirect" title="苏易简">苏易简</a>《文房四谱》卷四 </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> 屠隆《考槃馀事》卷二　纸笺 </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> 屠隆《考槃馀事》卷二　纸笺 </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> 明文震亨长物志　第五三节纸 </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E4%B8%96%E8%A5%84" title="王世襄">王世襄</a>主编《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%A0%E4%BD%9C%E5%88%99%E4%BE%8B" title="清代匠作则例">清代匠作则例</a>》第二卷　四六六-四六八页；九六八-九七零页 </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Part 1, Paper and Printing p.296-298, Cambridge University Press. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Hunter, Dard (2011), Papermaking: the history and technique of an ancient craft p.469, Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0486236196" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0486236196</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> 钱存训著中国纸和印刷文明第八章，纸与印刷术的西传275-282页 </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c2cplatform.tw/info_detail.php?cID=13&Key=306">咦！石頭紙到底能不能回收、真的符合循環經濟嗎？ | 資訊中心 | 台灣搖籃到搖籃平台</a>. [2020-12-14]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127095857/http://www.c2cplatform.tw/info_detail.php?cID=13&Key=306">存档</a>于2021-01-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%B8&rft.btitle=%E5%92%A6%EF%BC%81%E7%9F%B3%E9%A0%AD%E7%B4%99%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%8D%E8%83%BD%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6%E3%80%81%E7%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E7%AC%A6%E5%90%88%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%97%8E%EF%BC%9F+%7C+%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83+%7C+%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%90%96%E7%B1%83%E5%88%B0%E6%90%96%E7%B1%83%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c2cplatform.tw%2Finfo_detail.php%3FcID%3D13%26Key%3D306&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edu.gmw.cn/2013-09/09/content_8844024.htm">你知道纸质铅笔吗？</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接">永久失效連結</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> （宋）苏易简：《文房四谱》：“山居者常以纸为衣”；《旧唐书·回纥传》记载：唐代宗宝应元年，“回纥至东京，以贼平，恣行残忍，士女惧之。时东都再经贼乱，朔方军及郭英义、鱼朝恩等军不能禁暴，与回纥纵掠坊市及汝、郑等州，比屋荡尽，人悉以纸为衣，或有衣经者。”又据《资治通鉴》记载：代宗大历二年，“及智光死，忠臣进兵大掠，自赤水至潼关二百里间，畜产财物殆尽，官吏至有着纸衣或数日不食者。” </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BB%A5%E6%99%BA" title="方以智">方以智</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%86" title="物理小识">物理小识</a>》卷六　衣服类 </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> 辛弃疾《满江红》“宿酒醒时，算只有、清愁而已。人正在、青涂堂上，月华如洗。纸帐梅花归梦觉，莼羹鲈鱠秋风起。” </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finance.chinanews.com/cj/2014/10-27/6719525.shtml">存档副本</a>. [2014-10-27]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190612213523/http://finance.chinanews.com/cj/2014/10-27/6719525.shtml">存档</a>于2019-06-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%B8&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffinance.chinanews.com%2Fcj%2F2014%2F10-27%2F6719525.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation web">驱动之家. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech.huanqiu.com/comm/2013-02/3682593.html">中国制造：绿色环保的纸质SIM卡亮相MWC(图)</a>. [2013-07-15]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190613152521/http://tech.huanqiu.com/comm/2013-02/3682593.html">存档</a>于2019-06-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%B8&rft.au=%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%B6&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E7%8E%AF%E4%BF%9D%E7%9A%84%E7%BA%B8%E8%B4%A8SIM%E5%8D%A1%E4%BA%AE%E7%9B%B8MWC%28%E5%9B%BE%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftech.huanqiu.com%2Fcomm%2F2013-02%2F3682593.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.rpi.edu/luwakkey/2280?destination=node%2F39294">存档副本</a>. [2022-03-02]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224235314/https://news.rpi.edu/luwakkey/2280?destination=node%2F39294">存档</a>于2021-02-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%B8&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.rpi.edu%2Fluwakkey%2F2280%3Fdestination%3Dnode%252F39294&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> 《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E4%B9%A6" title="新唐书">新唐书</a>·徐商传》 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> 《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%8F%B2" title="金史">金史</a>》卷116“枪制，以敕黄纸十六重为筒，长二尺许”转引自<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F" title="李约瑟">李约瑟</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="中国的科学与文明">中国科学技术史</a>》第五卷第七分册187页 </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> 1973年<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E9%B2%81%E7%95%AA" title="吐鲁番">吐鲁番</a>出土唐代纸棺。 </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Mary Bellis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa022801a.htm">Disposable Cell Phone - Phone-Card-Phone</a>. About.com. [2013-07-15].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%B8&rft.au=Mary+Bellis&rft.btitle=Disposable+Cell+Phone+-+Phone-Card-Phone&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=About.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finventors.about.com%2Flibrary%2Fweekly%2Faa022801a.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinchew.com.my/node/208328?tid=2">存档副本</a>. [2011-06-14]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181204151609/http://www.sinchew.com.my/node/208328?tid=2">存档</a>于2018-12-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%B8&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sinchew.com.my%2Fnode%2F208328%3Ftid%3D2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> 《颜氏家训·勉学》篇载义阳<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%B1%E8%A9%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朱詹（页面不存在）">朱詹</a>“好学，家贫无资，累日不爨，乃时吞纸以实腹。” </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://life.gmw.cn/2014-07/07/content_11858112.htm">纸井盖</a>. [2014-07-07]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305013948/http://life.gmw.cn/2014-07/07/content_11858112.htm">存档</a>于2016-03-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%B8&rft.btitle=%E7%BA%B8%E4%BA%95%E7%9B%96&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flife.gmw.cn%2F2014-07%2F07%2Fcontent_11858112.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2></div> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B7%A5%E5%BC%80%E7%89%A9" title="天工开物">天工开物</a>》<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="明">明</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%BA%94%E6%98%9F" title="宋应星">宋应星</a>著兰州大学出版社ISBN 7-311-02414-5</li> <li>《中国纸和印刷文化史》<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E" title="美">美</a>钱存训著广西师范大学出版社, 2004 <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7563344721" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-5633-4472-1</a></li> <li>《造紙及印刷》，譯自《Paper and Printing》<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E" title="美">美</a>钱存训著，臺灣商務印書館1995，<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9570511591" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 957-05-1159-1</a>（平裝本）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">紙張尺寸的國際標準</a></li> <li>錢存訓：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=1000432627">纸的起源新证:试论战国秦简中的纸字</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201201021218/http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=1000432627">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li> <li>錢存訓：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccsdb.ncl.edu.tw/ccs/image/01_005_001_01_04.pdf">家庭及日常用紙探原</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180201133902/http://ccsdb.ncl.edu.tw/ccs/image/01_005_001_01_04.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读">延伸阅读</h2></div> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11472" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q11472">在维基数据编辑</a>] <dl><dd><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90/%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%BD%99%E7%B7%A8/%E5%AD%97%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%B8/%E7%B4%99%E9%83%A8#纸" class="extiw" title="s:欽定古今圖書集成/理學彙編/字學典/紙部">欽定古今圖書集成·理學彙編·字學典·紙部</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E9%9B%B7" title="陈梦雷">陈梦雷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90" title="古今图书集成">古今圖書集成</a>》</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051027011249/http://www.gaahk.org.hk/tc/glo_list.php?code=cat5">香港印藝學會有關紙張的術語</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="纸" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BA%B8" title="Template:纸"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%BA%B8" title="Template talk:纸"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%BA%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:纸"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="纸" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">纸</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#历史">歷史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%BA%B8%E6%9C%AF" title="造纸术">造纸术</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">材料</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B6%BA%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="高嶺石">高嶺石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%B5%86" title="木浆">木漿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9" title="纤维作物">纤维作物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E8%8E%8E%E8%8D%89" title="紙莎草">紙莎草</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%99%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="造紙化學物質（页面不存在）">造紙化學物質</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_chemicals" class="extiw" title="en:Paper chemicals">Paper chemicals</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">種類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%A6%AC%E7%89%B9%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿馬特紙（页面不存在）">阿馬特紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amate" class="extiw" title="en:Amate">Amate</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%80%9D%E9%9D%92%E9%98%B2%E6%B0%B4%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瀝青防水膜（页面不存在）">瀝青紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bituminous_waterproofing" class="extiw" title="en:Bituminous waterproofing">Bituminous waterproofing</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%98%E7%84%99%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烘焙紙（页面不存在）">烘焙紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parchment_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Parchment paper">Parchment paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%99%E8%95%89%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="香蕉紙（页面不存在）">香蕉紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Banana paper">Banana paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E7%BA%B8" title="字典纸">字典纸</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A2%E6%9D%BE%E9%A6%99%E7%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="红松香纸（页面不存在）">油毛紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_rosin_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Red rosin paper">Red rosin paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E6%B6%B2%E7%BA%B8" title="吸液纸">吸墨紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AD%89%E5%88%B8%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="證券紙（页面不存在）">證券紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Bond paper">Bond paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E6%9D%BF" title="纸板">纸板</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B9%AA%E5%9C%96%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="繪圖紙（页面不存在）">繪圖紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartridge_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Cartridge paper">Cartridge paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C%E7%89%88%E7%BA%B8" title="铜版纸">銅版紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E4%BD%9C%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勞作紙（页面不存在）">勞作紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Construction paper">Construction paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E9%80%9A%E7%B4%99" title="瓦通紙">瓦通紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E5%AF%AB%E7%B4%99" class="mw-disambig" title="複寫紙">複寫紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E7%94%A8%E9%AB%98%E7%B4%9A%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特殊用高級紙（页面不存在）">複印紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_fine_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Special fine paper">Special fine paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E7%B4%99" title="棉紙">棉紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%BA%E7%B4%8B%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皺紋紙（页面不存在）">皺紋紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Crêpe paper">Crêpe paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E7%BA%B8" title="玻璃纸">玻璃紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A1%AF%E7%A4%BA%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="顯示板（页面不存在）">展覽紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_board" class="extiw" title="en:Display board">Display board</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E7%B4%99" title="竹紙">竹紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%A8%BF%E7%B4%99" title="原稿紙">原稿紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B9%E6%A0%BC%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="方格紙（页面不存在）">方格紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Graph paper">Graph paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="半透明紙（页面不存在）">半透明紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glassine" class="extiw" title="en:Glassine">Glassine</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%B4%99" title="麻紙">麻紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度紙（页面不存在）">印度紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_paper" class="extiw" title="en:India paper">India paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安格爾紙（页面不存在）">安格爾紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingres_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Ingres paper">Ingres paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="韩纸">韓紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E7%9A%AE%E7%BA%B8" title="牛皮纸">牛皮紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B0%A7%E7%9B%AE%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="簧目紙（页面不存在）">簧目紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laid_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Laid paper">Laid paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lokta%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lokta紙（页面不存在）">Lokta紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokta_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Lokta paper">Lokta paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%99" title="馬尼拉紙">馬尼拉紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B4%99" title="新聞紙">新聞紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%8B%E8%94%A5%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洋蔥紙（页面不存在）">洋蔥紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onionskin" class="extiw" title="en:Onionskin">Onionskin</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%BA%E7%B4%99" title="摺紙">摺紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9A%E7%B4%99%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="厚紙板（页面不存在）">厚紙板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paperboard" class="extiw" title="en:Paperboard">Paperboard</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E7%B4%99" title="棉紙">抹布紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%B4%99_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7)" title="米紙 (印刷)">米紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E7%83%9F%E7%BA%B8" title="卷烟纸">捲煙紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E7%BA%B8" title="字典纸">聖經紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E9%98%B2%E5%81%BD%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安全防偽紙（页面不存在）">安全防偽紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Security paper">Security paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="種子紙（页面不存在）">種子紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Seed paper">Seed paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E9%A0%AD%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石頭紙（页面不存在）">石頭紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Stone paper">Stone paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A6%E6%B2%B9%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="焦油紙（页面不存在）">焦油紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Tar paper">Tar paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E7%86%B1%E7%B4%99" title="感熱紙">感熱紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%84%E5%9E%8B%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薄型紙（页面不存在）">薄型紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Tissue paper">Tissue paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E5%86%99%E7%BA%B8" title="透写纸">透写纸</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%B2%E6%B2%B9%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="防油紙（页面不存在）">防油紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greaseproof_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Greaseproof paper">Greaseproof paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%B9%E5%86%99%E7%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摹写纸（页面不存在）">摹写纸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Transfer paper">Transfer paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E6%A8%B9%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無樹紙（页面不存在）">無樹紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree-free_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Tree-free paper">Tree-free paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%81%E7%BA%B8" title="壁纸">壁紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%99" title="和紙">和紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E7%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦斯里纸（页面不存在）">瓦斯里纸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasli" class="extiw" title="en:Wasli">Wasli</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%B2%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="防水紙（页面不存在）">防水紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterproof_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Waterproof paper">Waterproof paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A0%9F%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蠟紙（页面不存在）">蠟紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wax_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Wax paper">Wax paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%B5%86%E7%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学浆纸（页面不存在）">化学浆纸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood-free_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Wood-free paper">Wood-free paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B7%A8%E7%B9%94%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="編織紙（页面不存在）">編織紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wove_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Wove paper">Wove paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%AE%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%85%E8%A3%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="禮物包裝（页面不存在）">包裝紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift_wrapping" class="extiw" title="en:Gift wrapping">Gift wrapping</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%BA%B8" title="宣纸">宣紙</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">規格</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基重（页面不存在）">重量</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammage" class="extiw" title="en:Grammage">Grammage</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5%E5%B0%BA%E5%AF%B8" title="紙張尺寸">尺寸</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">ISO 216</a>、<a href="/wiki/F4%E7%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="F4紙">F4紙</a>、<a href="/wiki/F5%E7%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="F5紙">F5紙</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="紙張密度">密度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A4_(%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D)" title="令 (紙張單位)">令</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紙張表面化學物質（页面不存在）">表面化學物質</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_chemistry_of_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Surface chemistry of paper">Surface chemistry of paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%95%E5%BC%B7%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="濕強度（页面不存在）">濕強度</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_strength" class="extiw" title="en:Wet strength">Wet strength</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">製造</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E6%BC%BF%E6%BC%82%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木漿漂白（页面不存在）">木漿漂白</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleaching_of_wood_pulp" class="extiw" title="en:Bleaching of wood pulp">Bleaching of wood pulp</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%8B%E5%BB%B6%E6%88%90%E5%9E%8B" title="压延成型">压延成型</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%A5%E5%BD%A2%E7%A3%A8%E6%B5%86%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="锥形磨浆机（页面不存在）">锥形磨浆机</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conical_refiner" class="extiw" title="en:Conical refiner">Conical refiner</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%BA%B8%E6%9C%AF#過程" title="造纸术">手工紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%93%E6%B5%86%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰式打浆机（页面不存在）">荷兰式打浆机</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollander_beater" class="extiw" title="en:Hollander beater">Hollander beater</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90%E5%88%B6%E6%B5%86%E6%B3%95" title="硫酸盐制浆法">硫酸鹽法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E6%BA%B6%E5%8A%91%E8%A3%BD%E6%BC%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有機溶劑製漿（页面不存在）">有機溶劑製漿</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organosolv" class="extiw" title="en:Organosolv">Organosolv</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%BA%E7%B4%99" title="摺紙">紙藝工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%BA%B8%E5%8E%82" title="造纸厂">造纸厂</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%99%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="造紙機（页面不存在）">造紙機</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_machine" class="extiw" title="en:Paper machine">Paper machine</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%BA%B8%E6%9C%AF" title="造纸术">造纸术</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%87%92%E9%B9%BC%E6%B3%95%E7%B4%99%E6%BC%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="燒鹼法紙漿（页面不存在）">燒鹼法紙漿</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_pulping" class="extiw" title="en:Soda pulping">Soda pulping</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞硫酸鹽法（页面不存在）">亞硫酸鹽法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfite_process" class="extiw" title="en:Sulfite process">Sulfite process</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">造紙工業</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%99%E6%A5%AD" title="造紙業">造紙業</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%B4%99%E6%BC%BF%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%99%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲紙漿造紙工業（页面不存在）">歐洲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Pulp and paper industry in Europe">Pulp and paper industry in Europe</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E7%B4%99%E6%BC%BF%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%99%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加拿大紙漿造紙工業（页面不存在）">加拿大</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Canada" class="extiw" title="en:Pulp and paper industry in Canada">Pulp and paper industry in Canada</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%B4%99%E6%BC%BF%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%99%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度紙漿造紙工業（页面不存在）">印度</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_India" class="extiw" title="en:Pulp and paper industry in India">Pulp and paper industry in India</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%99%E6%BC%BF%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%99%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本紙漿造紙工業（页面不存在）">日本</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Japan" class="extiw" title="en:Pulp and paper industry in Japan">Pulp and paper industry in Japan</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B4%99%E6%BC%BF%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%99%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國紙漿造紙工業（页面不存在）">美國</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="en:Pulp and paper industry in the United States">Pulp and paper industry in the United States</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%BA%B8%E5%8E%82" title="造纸厂">造纸厂</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%99%E5%BB%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="造紙廠列表（页面不存在）">造紙廠列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_paper_mills" class="extiw" title="en:List of paper mills">List of paper mills</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">議題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%99%E7%9A%84%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紙的環境影響（页面不存在）">紙的環境影響</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental impact of paper">Environmental impact of paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%99%E7%9A%84%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紙的環境影響（页面不存在）">紙汙染</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental impact of paper">Environmental impact of paper</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6" title="紙張回收">紙張回收</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li> <img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%B4%99" title="Category:紙">分類</a></li> <li> <img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Paper" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Paper">自由共享</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="文房四宝" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%96%87%E6%88%BF%E5%9B%9B%E5%AE%9D" title="Template:文房四宝"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%96%87%E6%88%BF%E5%9B%9B%E5%AE%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:文房四宝（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%96%87%E6%88%BF%E5%9B%9B%E5%AE%9D" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:文房四宝"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="文房四宝" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%88%BF%E5%9B%9B%E5%AE%9D" title="文房四宝">文房四宝</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%AC%94" title="毛笔">笔</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E7%AC%94" title="湖笔">湖笔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%AC%94" title="宣笔">宣筆</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BD%90%E7%AC%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="齐笔（页面不存在）">齐笔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E5%BA%97%E6%AF%9B%E7%AD%86" title="侯店毛筆">侯店毛筆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E5%8D%93%E7%AD%86" title="散卓筆">散卓笔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">墨</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BE%E7%83%9F%E5%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="松烟墨（页面不存在）">松烟墨</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B9%E7%83%9F%E5%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="油烟墨（页面不存在）">油烟墨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%BD%E5%A2%A8" title="徽墨">徽墨</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%96%E5%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湖墨（页面不存在）">湖墨</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E5%A2%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="京墨（页面不存在）">京墨</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">纸</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%BA%B8" title="宣纸">宣纸</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%84%E5%BF%83%E5%A0%82%E7%B4%99" title="澄心堂紙">澄心堂纸</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E7%B4%99" title="竹紙">竹纸</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%83%E4%B9%A6%E7%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="元书纸（页面不存在）">元书纸</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%9B%E5%A4%AA%E7%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="毛太纸（页面不存在）">毛太纸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%BD%E7%BA%B8" title="高丽纸">高丽纸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%B4%99" title="麻紙">麻纸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AF" title="硯">硯</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D%E7%A0%9A" title="四大名砚">四大名砚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E7%A0%9A" title="端砚">端砚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%99%E7%A0%9A" title="歙砚">歙砚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AE%E7%A0%9A" title="洮砚">洮砚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%84%E6%B3%A5%E7%A0%9A" title="澄泥砚">澄泥砚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E7%A0%9A" title="鲁砚">鲁砚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B4%E5%8D%B4%E7%A0%9A" title="苴却砚">苴却砚</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%9D%E5%B7%9E%E7%9F%B3%E7%A0%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="思州石砚（页面不存在）">思州石砚</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BE%E8%8A%B1%E7%A1%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="松花硯（页面不存在）">松花硯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%93%E6%B0%B4%E7%A1%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="易水硯（页面不存在）">易水硯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="木製品" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9C%A8%E8%A3%BD%E5%93%81" title="Template:木製品"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%9C%A8%E8%A3%BD%E5%93%81" title="Template talk:木製品"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%9C%A8%E8%A3%BD%E5%93%81" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:木製品"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="木製品" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">木製品</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材">木材</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%9D%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="條板（页面不存在）">條板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batten" class="extiw" title="en:Batten">Batten</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81_(%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84)" title="梁 (结构)">梁</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E7%89%86%E6%A2%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托牆梁（页面不存在）">托牆梁</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bressummer" class="extiw" title="en:Bressummer">Bressummer</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%B2%E6%9C%A8%E5%B1%8B%E6%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曲木屋架（页面不存在）">曲木屋架</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruck" class="extiw" title="en:Cruck">Cruck</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8B%BC%E6%9C%A8%E5%A4%BE%E5%90%88%E6%A8%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鋼木夾合樑（页面不存在）">鋼木夾合樑</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flitch_beam" class="extiw" title="en:Flitch beam">Flitch beam</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E8%B3%AA%E5%9C%B0%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木質地板（页面不存在）">木質地板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_flooring" class="extiw" title="en:Wood flooring">Wood flooring</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E6%A8%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托樑（页面不存在）">托樑</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joist" class="extiw" title="en:Joist">Joist</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BF%E6%A8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="板樁（页面不存在）">板樁</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lath" class="extiw" title="en:Lath">Lath</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A3%9D%E9%A3%BE%E6%9D%BF%E6%A2%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="裝飾板條（页面不存在）">裝飾板條</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molding_(decorative)" class="extiw" title="en:Molding (decorative)">Molding (decorative)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%91%B2%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鑲板（页面不存在）">鑲板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panelling" class="extiw" title="en:Panelling">Panelling</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9A%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="厚板（页面不存在）">厚板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plank_(wood)" class="extiw" title="en:Plank (wood)">Plank (wood)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%A0%E7%89%86%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="靠牆板（页面不存在）">靠牆板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_plate" class="extiw" title="en:Wall plate">Wall plate</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%AF%E6%9F%B1_(%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="支柱 (結構)（页面不存在）">支柱</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_(structural)" class="extiw" title="en:Post (structural)">Post (structural)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%81" title="檁">檁</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="椽（页面不存在）">椽</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafter" class="extiw" title="en:Rafter">Rafter</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%95%E6%9C%A8" title="枕木">枕木</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="再生木材（页面不存在）">再生木材</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reclaimed_lumber" class="extiw" title="en:Reclaimed lumber">Reclaimed lumber</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%A2%BB%E9%9D%A2%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木墻面板（页面不存在）">木墻面板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_shingle" class="extiw" title="en:Wood shingle">Wood shingle</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A2%BB%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="墻板（页面不存在）">木墻板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siding_(construction)" class="extiw" title="en:Siding (construction)">Siding (construction)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%95%E6%9D%BF_(%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="底板 (結構)（页面不存在）">底板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sill_plate" class="extiw" title="en:Sill plate">Sill plate</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E6%9F%B1%E9%9A%94%E5%A2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木柱隔墻（页面不存在）">木柱隔墻</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wall_stud" class="extiw" title="en:wall stud">wall stud</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%B1%8B%E9%A0%82%E6%A1%81%E6%9E%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木屋頂桁架（页面不存在）">木屋頂桁架</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber_roof_truss" class="extiw" title="en:Timber roof truss">Timber roof truss</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E9%87%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木釘（页面不存在）">木釘</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treenail" class="extiw" title="en:Treenail">Treenail</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%81%E6%9E%B6_(%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B)" title="桁架 (工程)">桁架</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%BA%BF%E6%9D%86" title="电线杆">電線杆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E6%B5%86%E7%94%A8%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="纸浆用木材">纸浆用木材</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E6%9C%A8%E7%B4%B0%E5%B7%A5" title="寄木細工">寄木細工</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%A2%BB%E9%9D%A2%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木墻面板（页面不存在）">木制盖屋板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_shingle#Shakes" class="extiw" title="en:Wood shingle">Wood shingle#Shakes</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A7%BD%E5%8F%A3%E6%8E%A5%E5%90%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="槽口接合（页面不存在）">槽口接合</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/shiplap" class="extiw" title="en:shiplap">shiplap</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E6%9D%BF" title="人造板">人造板</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E4%BA%A4%E8%83%B6%E5%90%88%E6%9C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="正交胶合木（页面不存在）">正交胶合木</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-laminated_timber" class="extiw" title="en:Cross-laminated timber">Cross-laminated timber</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%B6%E5%90%88%E6%9C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胶合木（页面不存在）">胶合木</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glued_laminated_timber" class="extiw" title="en:Glued laminated timber">Glued laminated timber</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%84%E7%89%87" title="薄片">薄片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E6%9D%BF%E5%B1%82%E7%A7%AF%E6%9D%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单板层积材（页面不存在）">单板层积材</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminated_veneer_lumber" class="extiw" title="en:Laminated veneer lumber">Laminated veneer lumber</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E6%9D%BF%E6%9D%A1%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E5%B1%82%E7%A7%AF%E6%9D%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单板条定向层积材（页面不存在）">单板条定向层积材</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel-strand_lumber" class="extiw" title="en:Parallel-strand lumber">Parallel-strand lumber</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%97%E6%93%B1%E6%9F%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工字擱柵（页面不存在）">工字擱柵</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/i-joist" class="extiw" title="en:i-joist">i-joist</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E6%9D%BF" title="纤维板">纤维板</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%AC%E8%B3%AA%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硬質纖維板（页面不存在）">硬質纖維板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hardboard" class="extiw" title="en:hardboard">hardboard</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%A3%AE%E5%A5%88%E7%89%B9%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅森奈特纖維板（页面不存在）">梅森奈特纖維板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonite" class="extiw" title="en:Masonite">Masonite</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E6%9D%BF" title="中密度纖維板">中纤板</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E6%9D%BF" title="定向纖維板">定向纖維板</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E9%BA%A5%E7%A7%B8%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="定向結構麥秸板（页面不存在）">定向結構麥秸板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriented_structural_straw_board" class="extiw" title="en:Oriented structural straw board">Oriented structural straw board</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E5%90%88%E6%9D%BF" title="塑合板">塑合板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E5%90%88%E6%9D%BF" title="胶合板">胶合板</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E4%BF%9D%E6%B8%A9%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结构保温板（页面不存在）">结构保温板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_insulated_panel" class="extiw" title="en:Structural insulated panel">Structural insulated panel</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%A1%91%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木塑复合材料（页面不存在）">木塑复合材料</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood-plastic_composite" class="extiw" title="en:Wood-plastic composite">Wood-plastic composite</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%A1%91%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木塑板（页面不存在）">木塑板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_lumber" class="extiw" title="en:Composite lumber">Composite lumber</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">薪材</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%82%AD" title="木炭">木炭</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%82%AD" title="生物炭">生物炭</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%A1%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木塊（页面不存在）">木塊</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firelog" class="extiw" title="en:Firelog">Firelog</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E7%81%AB" title="柴火">柴火</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%97%E7%B2%92%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="颗粒燃料">颗粒燃料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E8%B3%AA%E7%87%83%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木質燃料（页面不存在）">木質燃料</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_fuel" class="extiw" title="en:Wood fuel">Wood fuel</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木纖維（页面不存在）">纖維</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_fibre" class="extiw" title="en:Wood fibre">Wood fibre</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%87%E7%BA%B8" title="卡片纸">卡片紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardboard" class="extiw" title="en:Cardboard">Cardboard</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E9%80%9A%E7%B4%99" title="瓦通紙">瓦通紙</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">纸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E6%9D%BF" title="纸板">纸板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%B5%86" title="木浆">木漿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%98%E7%B8%88" title="嫘縈">嫘縈</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">衍生物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%BA%E7%84%A6%E6%B2%B9" title="樺焦油">樺焦油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="纖維素">纖維素</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0" title="半纤维素">半纤维素</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳米纤维素（页面不存在）">纳米</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanocellulose" class="extiw" title="en:Nanocellulose">Nanocellulose</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E7%B4%A0%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="纖維素乙醇">纖維素乙醇</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%93%E6%96%99%E6%9C%A8_(%E6%9C%A8%E8%A3%BD%E5%93%81)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="染料木 (木製品)（页面不存在）">染料</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyewoods" class="extiw" title="en:Dyewoods">Dyewoods</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%B4%A8%E7%B4%A0" title="木质素">木质素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%99%E7%86%8F%E6%B6%B2" title="煙熏液">煙熏液</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E6%B6%B2" title="碱液">碱液</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%86%87" title="甲醇">甲醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E9%86%8B%E6%B6%B2" title="木醋液">木醋液</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BE%E7%84%A6%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="松焦油（页面不存在）">松焦油</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_tar" class="extiw" title="en:Pine tar">Pine tar</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%80%9D%E9%9D%92_(%E6%A8%B9%E8%84%82)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瀝青 (樹脂)（页面不存在）">瀝青</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(resin)" class="extiw" title="en:Pitch (resin)">Pitch (resin)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%80%E9%A6%99%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="檀香油（页面不存在）">檀香油</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandalwood_oil" class="extiw" title="en:Sandalwood oil">Sandalwood oil</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9E%A3%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="鞣質">鞣質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%85%A4%E6%B0%94" title="木煤气">木煤氣</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81" title="副產品">副產品</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%B9%E7%9A%AE%E5%B1%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="樹皮屑（页面不存在）">樹皮屑</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkdust" class="extiw" title="en:Barkdust">Barkdust</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%B6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑液（页面不存在）">黑液</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_liquor" class="extiw" title="en:Black liquor">Black liquor</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%9D%E7%94%9F%E7%A2%8E%E6%9C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="枝生碎木（页面不存在）">枝生碎木</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramial_chipped_wood" class="extiw" title="en:Ramial chipped wood">Ramial chipped wood</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%A0" title="木糠">木糠</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A6%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="妥爾油（页面不存在）">妥爾油</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tall_oil" class="extiw" title="en:Tall oil">Tall oil</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%B3%A0" title="木糠">木粉</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E6%AF%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木毛（页面不存在）">木毛</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_wool" class="extiw" title="en:Wood wool">Wood wool</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%8E%E6%9C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="碎木（页面不存在）">碎木</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodchips" class="extiw" title="en:Woodchips">Woodchips</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">歷史的</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axe_ties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axe ties（页面不存在）">Axe ties</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axe_ties" class="extiw" title="en:Axe ties">Axe ties</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AD%B7%E7%89%86%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="護牆板（页面不存在）">護牆板</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clapboard_(architecture)" class="extiw" title="en:Clapboard (architecture)">Clapboard (architecture)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E6%9C%A8%E8%88%9F" title="獨木舟">獨木舟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE%E7%9B%90" title="钾盐">钾盐</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawdust_brandy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sawdust brandy（页面不存在）">Sawdust brandy</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawdust_brandy" class="extiw" title="en:Sawdust brandy">Sawdust brandy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%86%E5%88%86%E5%9C%8D%E6%AC%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拆分圍欄（页面不存在）">拆分圍欄</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split-rail_fence" class="extiw" title="en:Split-rail fence">Split-rail fence</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9E%A3%E5%88%B6%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鞣制革（页面不存在）">鞣制革</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanbark" class="extiw" title="en:Tanbark">Tanbark</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E9%AA%A8%E6%9E%B6" title="木骨架">木骨架</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%85%E6%9D%86" title="桅杆">木桅杆</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">另請參閱</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="生物质">生物質</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%89%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="認證木材（页面不存在）">認證木材</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certified_wood" class="extiw" title="en:Certified wood">Certified wood</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3%E8%92%B8%E9%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分解蒸餾（页面不存在）">分解蒸餾</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_distillation" class="extiw" title="en:Destructive distillation">Destructive distillation</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%AB%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工程竹（页面不存在）">工程竹</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineered_bamboo" class="extiw" title="en:Engineered bamboo">Engineered bamboo</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E9%A6%8F" title="干馏">乾餾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%9A" title="林业">林業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="木材列表">木材列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%86%E8%93%8B%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="覆蓋料（页面不存在）">覆蓋料</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulch" class="extiw" title="en:Mulch">Mulch</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%9C%A8%E8%A3%BD%E6%9E%97%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非木製林產品（页面不存在）">非木製林產品</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-timber_forest_product" class="extiw" title="en:Non-timber forest product">Non-timber forest product</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%99%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="造紙術">造紙術</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90%E4%B9%BE%E7%87%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木材乾燥（页面不存在）">木材乾燥</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_drying" class="extiw" title="en:Wood drying">Wood drying</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90%E9%98%B2%E8%85%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木材防腐（页面不存在）">木材防腐</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_preservation" class="extiw" title="en:Wood preservation">Wood preservation</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木材加工（页面不存在）">木材加工</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_processing" class="extiw" title="en:Wood processing">Wood processing</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5" title="木工">木工</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="書寫與書寫用具（英语：-&#123;writing_material&#125;-）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Writing" title="Template:Writing"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Writing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Writing（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Writing" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Writing"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="書寫與書寫用具（英语：-&#123;writing_material&#125;-）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB" title="書寫">書寫</a>與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB%E7%94%A8%E5%85%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="書寫用具（页面不存在）">書寫用具</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/writing_material" class="extiw" title="en:writing material">writing material</a>）</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">可持久性</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">以植物為原料</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E8%91%89%E7%B6%93" title="貝葉經">棕櫚葉</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%87%E6%A4%B0%E5%AD%90%E5%B1%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扇椰子屬（页面不存在）">扇椰子屬</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borassus" class="extiw" title="en:Borassus">Borassus</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E8%91%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貝葉（页面不存在）">貝葉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ola_leaf" class="extiw" title="en:Ola leaf">Ola leaf</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%8F%B6%E6%A3%95" title="贝叶棕">贝叶棕</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%BA%E6%A8%B9%E7%9A%AE%E6%89%8B%E7%A8%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="樺樹皮手稿（页面不存在）">樺樹皮</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch_bark_manuscript" class="extiw" title="en:Birch bark manuscript">Birch bark manuscript</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%BA%E6%A8%B9%E7%9A%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="樺樹皮（页面不存在）">樺木</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch_bark" class="extiw" title="en:Birch bark">Birch bark</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E8%8D%89%E7%BA%B8" title="莎草纸">莎草纸</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E8%8E%8E%E8%8D%89" title="紙莎草">紙莎草</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E7%89%8D" title="简牍">简牍</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">纸</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%A6%AC%E7%89%B9%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿馬特紙（页面不存在）">阿馬特紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amate" class="extiw" title="en:Amate">Amate</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A3%8F%E7%99%BD%E5%A4%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="裏白夏（页面不存在）">裏白夏</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trema_micrantha" class="extiw" title="en:Trema micrantha">Trema micrantha</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%92%E9%A2%88%E6%97%A0%E8%8A%B1%E6%9E%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勒颈无花果（页面不存在）">勒颈无花果</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus_aurea" class="extiw" title="en:Ficus aurea">Ficus aurea</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E8%B2%9D%E6%89%8B%E7%A8%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴拉貝手稿（页面不存在）">巴拉貝紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabaik" class="extiw" title="en:Parabaik">Parabaik</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%8A%E8%82%BE%E6%A0%91" title="鹊肾树">鹊肾树</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%98%E9%A0%81%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="折頁書（页面不存在）">折頁書</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samut_khoi" class="extiw" title="en:Samut khoi">Samut khoi</a>） <ul><li>鹊肾树</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%98%E9%A0%81%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="折頁書（页面不存在）">Kraing</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samut_khoi" class="extiw" title="en:Samut khoi">Samut khoi</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%91" title="桑树">桑樹皮</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E6%9D%BF" title="泥板">泥板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A0%9F%E6%9D%BF" title="蠟板">蠟板</a></li> <li>金屬 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9D%E5%A3%93" title="衝壓">衝壓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B9%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="凹版印刷">凹版印刷</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6" title="金石学">石頭</a></li> <li>動物皮 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E7%9A%AE%E7%B4%99" title="羊皮紙">羊皮紙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%A2%E7%9A%AE%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犢皮紙（页面不存在）">犢皮紙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellum" class="extiw" title="en:Vellum">Vellum</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8_(%E5%8E%9F%E6%96%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甲骨 (原料)（页面不存在）">甲骨</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_bone" class="extiw" title="en:Oracle bone">Oracle bone</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%8E%8B%E5%A0%86%E5%B8%9B%E4%B9%A6" title="马王堆帛书">帛书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E8%8A%B1" title="印花">印花</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E7%B9%AA%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地面繪畫（页面不存在）">地面繪畫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoglyph" class="extiw" title="en:Geoglyph">Geoglyph</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="墨水">墨水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E7%89%87" title="底片">底片</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">暫時性</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E7%BA%B8" title="电子纸">电子纸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E5%8C%96%E9%A1%AF%E7%A4%BA%E5%99%A8" title="電子視覺化顯示器">銀幕</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空中書寫（页面不存在）">空中書寫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skywriting" class="extiw" title="en:Skywriting">Skywriting</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">可攜帶類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6" title="金石学">雕刻</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E9%9B%95" title="浮雕">淺浮雕</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E8%BB%B8" title="卷軸">卷軸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%8A%84%E6%9C%AC" title="手抄本">手抄本</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E5%AF%AB%E6%9C%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重寫本（页面不存在）">重寫本</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palimpsest" class="extiw" title="en:Palimpsest">Palimpsest</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E6%89%8B%E7%A8%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="經典手稿（页面不存在）">經典</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex" class="extiw" title="en:Codex">Codex</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6" title="图书">图书</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E8%99%9F" title="記號">記號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%BC%A9%E8%83%B6%E7%89%87" title="微缩胶片">微缩胶片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%82%B3%E5%AA%92" title="電子傳媒">電子傳媒</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關主題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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