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Colors (motorcycling) - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>"M.C." patch and variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-&quot;M.C.&quot;_patch_and_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_and_order_colors_and/or_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_order_colors_and/or_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Law and order colors and/or insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_and_order_colors_and/or_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tattoos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tattoos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tattoos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tattoos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Motorcycle club insignia</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Onepercenter_Vest.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Onepercenter_Vest.svg/250px-Onepercenter_Vest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Onepercenter_Vest.svg/375px-Onepercenter_Vest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Onepercenter_Vest.svg/500px-Onepercenter_Vest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption>Sample layout of colors and patch meanings:<br /> <b>1</b>) Club name<br /> <b>2</b>) Club logo + MC (<a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_club" title="Motorcycle club">motorcycle club</a>) patches<br /> <b>3</b>) Country, territory, region, or city<br /> <b>4</b>) "<a href="/wiki/One_percenter_(motorcycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="One percenter (motorcycle)">1%</a>" patch identifying outlaw clubs<br /> <b>5</b>) Special title(s), nickname(s), chapter name, charter name<br /> <b>6</b>) Club office/rank<br /> <b>7</b>) Side rocker – regional chapter name, charter name</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Colors</b> are the insignia, or "patches", worn by motorcycle club members on <a href="/wiki/Cut-off" title="Cut-off">cut-off vests</a> to identify membership of their club and territorial location.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Club patches have been worn by many different groups since the 1960s. They are regarded by many to symbolize an elite amongst motorcyclists and the style has been widely copied by other subcultures and commercialized.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schouten1995_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schouten1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Colors are considered to represent "significant markers of the socialization" of new members to clubs, rank and present a dominant symbol of identity and are marked with related symbolism.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> They can be embroidered patches sewn onto clothing or stenciled in paint, the primary symbol being the <i>back patch</i> of the club's insignia or logo and generally remain the property of the club. Wearing such clothing is referred to as "flying one's colors". The term has its roots in military history, originating with <a href="/wiki/Regimental_colour" class="mw-redirect" title="Regimental colour">regimental colours</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meaning">Meaning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colors_(motorcycling)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Meaning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Colors identify the rank of members within clubs from new members, to "prospects" to full members known as "patch-holders", and usually consist of a top and bottom circumferential badge called a <b>rocker</b>, due to the curved shape,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> with the <b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="top_rocker"></span><span class="vanchor-text">top rocker</span></span></b> stating the club name, the <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="bottom_rocker"></span><span class="vanchor-text">bottom rocker</span></span></b> stating the location or territory, and a central logo of the club's insignia, with a fourth, smaller badge carrying the initials "MC" standing for "<a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_club" title="Motorcycle club">motorcycle club</a>". Female clubs spell out “motorcycle club” on their vests. </p><p>The badges are used to create a social bond and boundaries and, generally, belong to the clubs involved rather than the individual wearing them. Although, bikers perform community service and give away thousands of dollars to charity, the wearing of them can often lead individuals to be refused service at related businesses and bars,<sup id="cite_ref-edge_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edge-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and some <a href="/wiki/Biker_bar" title="Biker bar">biker bars</a> have a "no colors" policy, to reduce conflict. Claiming STATE territory by wearing a bottom STATE rocker can lead to violent conflict with a rival club, such as in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Waco_shootout" title="2015 Waco shootout">2015 Waco shootout</a>, which was partially caused by a club wearing a "Texas" bottom rocker.<sup id="cite_ref-WFAA_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WFAA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many motorcyclists wearing colors are from "family oriented" motorcycling clubs chartered by the <a href="/wiki/American_Motorcyclist_Association" title="American Motorcyclist Association">American Motorcyclist Association</a> and wear one-piece patches to differentiate themselves from the three piece patches of 1% &amp; outlaw bikers. These generally do not state a territorial location and can be any format other than a three piece patch. Coed clubs also break up the M and C to denote a difference. Cubes also denote a traditional MC.<sup id="cite_ref-edge_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edge-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The motorcycle manufacturer Harley-Davidson notably adopted the style in its branding and community-building effort, the <a href="/wiki/Harley_Owners_Group" title="Harley Owners Group">Harley Owners Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schouten1995_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schouten1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="&quot;M.C.&quot;_patch_and_variations"><span id=".22M.C..22_patch_and_variations"></span>"M.C." patch and variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colors_(motorcycling)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: &quot;M.C.&quot; patch and variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most commonly displayed patches on motorcycle club colors is the patch of the letters "M C" which typically accompany the club name. There are several variations on this format with different letters that designate a specific type of club or group.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><big><b>M.F.</b></big> = Motorcycle Family <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><big><b>M.M.</b></big> = Motorcycle Ministry <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><big><b>R.C.</b></big> = Riding Club <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><big><b>W.M.C.</b></big> = Women's Motorcycle Club<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law_and_order_colors_and/or_insignia"><span id="Law_and_order_colors_and.2For_insignia"></span>Law and order colors and/or insignia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colors_(motorcycling)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Law and order colors and/or insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:209px;max-width:209px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:251px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buffalo_Soldiers_Motorcycle_Club.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Buffalo_Soldiers_Motorcycle_Club.JPG/207px-Buffalo_Soldiers_Motorcycle_Club.JPG" decoding="async" width="207" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Buffalo_Soldiers_Motorcycle_Club.JPG/311px-Buffalo_Soldiers_Motorcycle_Club.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Buffalo_Soldiers_Motorcycle_Club.JPG/414px-Buffalo_Soldiers_Motorcycle_Club.JPG 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="950" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldiers_MC" title="Buffalo Soldiers MC">Buffalo Soldiers MC</a> colors. The Buffalo Soldiers are named after the famed <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldier" title="Buffalo Soldier">10th Cavalry regiment</a> of the United States Army, formed on 21 September 1866.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:251px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_Motorcyclists_Association.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Christian_Motorcyclists_Association.jpg/177px-Christian_Motorcyclists_Association.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Christian_Motorcyclists_Association.jpg/266px-Christian_Motorcyclists_Association.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Christian_Motorcyclists_Association.jpg/354px-Christian_Motorcyclists_Association.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="1216" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Motorcyclists_Association" title="Christian Motorcyclists Association">Christian Motorcyclists Association</a> at the dedication of a <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> memorial on <a href="/wiki/Interstate_17" title="Interstate 17">Interstate 17</a> north of <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>In the case of outlaw motorcycle clubs, visual identification of a member is indicated by a specific large club patch or set of patches, usually located in the middle of the back of a vest or jacket. The patches may contain a club logo, the name of the club and other chapter identification. </p><p>In most motorcycle clubs, the patch representing membership in the organization is often referred to as "the club colors" or simply "the colors".<sup id="cite_ref-smedman_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smedman-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Each club has rules on how the colors are treated and when it is proper to wear them. Well structured clubs have bylaws dictating the behavior of its members and thus the proper use of their colors.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tattoos">Tattoos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colors_(motorcycling)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Tattoos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tattoos" class="mw-redirect" title="Tattoos">Tattoos</a> may also come under the category of club colors.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colors_(motorcycling)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gang_colors" title="Gang colors">Gang colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">School colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_uniform" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports uniform">Sports uniform</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colors_(motorcycling)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFerrellSanders1995" class="citation book cs1">Ferrell, Jeff; Sanders, Clinton R. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NnQx2_586TAC"><i>Cultural Criminology</i></a>. Northeastern University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55553-236-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55553-236-9"><bdi>978-1-55553-236-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Cultural+Criminology&amp;rft.pub=Northeastern+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-55553-236-9&amp;rft.aulast=Ferrell&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeff&amp;rft.au=Sanders%2C+Clinton+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNnQx2_586TAC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRollinGrayMommerPineo2006" class="citation book cs1">Rollin, Bernard E.; Gray, Carolyn M.; Mommer, Kerri; Pineo, Cynthia, eds. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z4A22ycfZ0YC"><i>Harley-Davidson and Philosophy: Full-Throttle Aristotle</i></a>. Popular Culture and Philosophy. Vol.&#160;18. Open Court. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9589-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9589-2"><bdi>978-0-8126-9589-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Harley-Davidson+and+Philosophy%3A+Full-Throttle+Aristotle&amp;rft.series=Popular+Culture+and+Philosophy&amp;rft.pub=Open+Court&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8126-9589-2&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz4A22ycfZ0YC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schouten1995-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schouten1995_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schouten1995_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoutenMcAlexander1995" class="citation journal cs1">Schouten, John W.; McAlexander, James H. (June 1995). "Subcultures of Consumption: An Ethnography of the New Biker". <i>Journal of Consumer Research</i>. <b>22</b> (1): 43–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F209434">10.1086/209434</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2489699">2489699</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Consumer+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Subcultures+of+Consumption%3A+An+Ethnography+of+the+New+Biker&amp;rft.volume=22&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=43-61&amp;rft.date=1995-06&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F209434&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2489699%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Schouten&amp;rft.aufirst=John+W.&amp;rft.au=McAlexander%2C+James+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2000" class="citation journal cs1">Thompson, Steven L. 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"The Arts of the Motorcycle: Biology, Culture, and Aesthetics in Technological Choice". <i>Technology and Culture</i>. <b>41</b> (1): 99–115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Ftech.2000.0040">10.1353/tech.2000.0040</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:110704507">110704507</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Technology+and+Culture&amp;rft.atitle=The+Arts+of+the+Motorcycle%3A+Biology%2C+Culture%2C+and+Aesthetics+in+Technological+Choice&amp;rft.volume=41&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=99-115&amp;rft.date=2000-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Ftech.2000.0040&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A110704507%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Thompson&amp;rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinnForsyth2009" class="citation journal cs1">Quinn, James F.; Forsyth, Craig J. 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"Leathers and Rolexs: The Symbolism and Values of the Motorcycle Club". <i>Deviant Behavior</i>. <b>30</b> (3): 235–265. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01639620802168700">10.1080/01639620802168700</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55809830">55809830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Deviant+Behavior&amp;rft.atitle=Leathers+and+Rolexs%3A+The+Symbolism+and+Values+of+the+Motorcycle+Club&amp;rft.volume=30&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=235-265&amp;rft.date=2009-02&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01639620802168700&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55809830%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Quinn&amp;rft.aufirst=James+F.&amp;rft.au=Forsyth%2C+Craig+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMøller2000" class="citation book cs1">Møller, J. Ørstrøm (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L3O1VUCsAgEC"><i>The End of Internationalism: Or World Governance?</i></a>. Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-96701-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-96701-8"><bdi>0-275-96701-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+End+of+Internationalism%3A+Or+World+Governance%3F&amp;rft.pub=Praeger&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=0-275-96701-8&amp;rft.aulast=M%C3%B8ller&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+%C3%98rstr%C3%B8m&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL3O1VUCsAgEC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert2010" class="citation book cs1">Ebert, Dave (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Im_NaFoAGZ4C&amp;pg=PA15"><i>Bikers</i></a>. Xlibris. p.&#160;15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4535-0536-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4535-0536-6"><bdi>978-1-4535-0536-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Bikers&amp;rft.pages=15&amp;rft.pub=Xlibris&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4535-0536-6&amp;rft.aulast=Ebert&amp;rft.aufirst=Dave&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIm_NaFoAGZ4C%26pg%3DPA15&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edge-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-edge_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-edge_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDulaney2006" class="citation thesis cs1">Dulaney, William Lee (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu%3A168807"><i>Over the Edge and into the Abyss: The Communication of Organizational Identity in an Outlaw Motorcycle Club</i></a> (PhD). Florida State University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&amp;rft.title=Over+the+Edge+and+into+the+Abyss%3A+The+Communication+of+Organizational+Identity+in+an+Outlaw+Motorcycle+Club&amp;rft.inst=Florida+State+University&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.aulast=Dulaney&amp;rft.aufirst=William+Lee&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiginole.lib.fsu.edu%2Fislandora%2Fobject%2Ffsu%253A168807&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WFAA-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WFAA_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEiserer2015" class="citation news cs1">Eiserer, Tanya (18 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160119131225/http://www.wfaa.com/story/news/crime/2015/05/18/bulletin-tensions-bandidos-cossacks-rival-biker-gangs-texas/27531291/">"Bulletin warned of potential 'war' between rival biker gangs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WFAA" title="WFAA">WFAA</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wfaa.com/story/news/crime/2015/05/18/bulletin-tensions-bandidos-cossacks-rival-biker-gangs-texas/27531291/">the original</a> on 19 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=WFAA&amp;rft.atitle=Bulletin+warned+of+potential+%27war%27+between+rival+biker+gangs&amp;rft.date=2015-05-18&amp;rft.aulast=Eiserer&amp;rft.aufirst=Tanya&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wfaa.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2F2015%2F05%2F18%2Fbulletin-tensions-bandidos-cossacks-rival-biker-gangs-texas%2F27531291%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gangenforcement.com/uploads/2/9/4/1/29411337/gang_enforcements_gang_ops_omg_terms_and_acronyms_download.pdf">"GANG ENFORCEMENTS GANG OPS TERMS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=GANG+ENFORCEMENTS+GANG+OPS+TERMS&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gangenforcement.com%2Fuploads%2F2%2F9%2F4%2F1%2F29411337%2Fgang_enforcements_gang_ops_omg_terms_and_acronyms_download.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021034734/http://shop.history.com/detail.php?p=271017&amp;v=history_show_gangland&amp;ecid=TV1-AET-2104236&amp;pa=TV1-AET-2104236">"Gangland Season 6 DVD Set - History Store"</a>. 2012-10-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shop.history.com/detail.php?p=271017&amp;v=history_show_gangland&amp;ecid=TV1-AET-2104236&amp;pa=TV1-AET-2104236">the original</a> on 2012-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Gangland+Season+6+DVD+Set+-+History+Store&amp;rft.date=2012-10-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshop.history.com%2Fdetail.php%3Fp%3D271017%26v%3Dhistory_show_gangland%26ecid%3DTV1-AET-2104236%26pa%3DTV1-AET-2104236&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hbmm-national.org/clarity-about-patches/">"Clarity About Patches | HonorBound MM National"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Clarity+About+Patches+%7C+HonorBound+MM+National&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhbmm-national.org%2Fclarity-about-patches%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leatherandlacemc.com/rc-vs-mc/">"RC vs MC – Leather &amp; Lace MC"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=RC+vs+MC+%E2%80%93+Leather+%26+Lace+MC&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleatherandlacemc.com%2Frc-vs-mc%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rcvsmc.net/id3.html#:~:text=RCs%20do%20not%20have%20colors,others%20with%20a%20similar%20interest">"MC / RC Differences"</a>. <i>rcvsmc.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=rcvsmc.net&amp;rft.atitle=MC+%2F+RC+Differences&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frcvsmc.net%2Fid3.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DRCs%2520do%2520not%2520have%2520colors%2Cothers%2520with%2520a%2520similar%2520interest&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKass2021" class="citation web cs1">Kass, Andrew (2021-10-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kassandmoses.com/blog/motorcycle-clubs-vs-riding-clubs/">"Motorcycle Clubs vs. Riding Clubs"</a>. <i>Kass &amp; Moses</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Kass+%26+Moses&amp;rft.atitle=Motorcycle+Clubs+vs.+Riding+Clubs&amp;rft.date=2021-10-13&amp;rft.aulast=Kass&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkassandmoses.com%2Fblog%2Fmotorcycle-clubs-vs-riding-clubs%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cycletrader.com/blog/2022/05/02/15-womens-motorcycle-clubs-you-need-to-know/">"15 Women's Motorcycle Clubs You Need to Know"</a>. 2 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=15+Women%27s+Motorcycle+Clubs+You+Need+to+Know&amp;rft.date=2022-05-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cycletrader.com%2Fblog%2F2022%2F05%2F02%2F15-womens-motorcycle-clubs-you-need-to-know%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vikingbags.com/blogs/news/10-most-badass-womens-motorcycle-clubs">"10 Most Badass Women's Motorcycle Clubs"</a>. <i>Viking Bags</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Viking+Bags&amp;rft.atitle=10+Most+Badass+Women%27s+Motorcycle+Clubs&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vikingbags.com%2Fblogs%2Fnews%2F10-most-badass-womens-motorcycle-clubs&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smedman-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smedman_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmedman2007" class="citation book cs1">Smedman, Lisa (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781554510153/page/57"><i>From Boneshakers to Choppers: The Rip-Roaring History of Motorcycles</i></a></span>. Annick Press. pp.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781554510153/page/57">57–60</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55451-016-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55451-016-0"><bdi>978-1-55451-016-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Boneshakers+to+Choppers%3A+The+Rip-Roaring+History+of+Motorcycles&amp;rft.pages=57-60&amp;rft.pub=Annick+Press&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-55451-016-0&amp;rft.aulast=Smedman&amp;rft.aufirst=Lisa&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781554510153%2Fpage%2F57&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130809103927/http://www.amicitia.co.za/MotorcycleClubs.asp">"Amicitia Ad Vitum Motorcycle Club"</a>. <i>Amicitia.co.za</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amicitia.co.za/MotorcycleClubs.asp">the original</a> on 9 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Amicitia.co.za&amp;rft.atitle=Amicitia+Ad+Vitum+Motorcycle+Club&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amicitia.co.za%2FMotorcycleClubs.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180614195345/http://www.willcountysao.com/prevention-gang_prevention.htm">"Gang Prevention"</a>. Will County State's Attorney. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.willcountysao.com/prevention-gang_prevention.htm">the original</a> on 14 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Gang+Prevention&amp;rft.pub=Will+County+State%27s+Attorney&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.willcountysao.com%2Fprevention-gang_prevention.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColors+%28motorcycling%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colors_(motorcycling)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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.navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Biker_culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Biker_culture" title="Template:Biker culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Biker_culture" title="Template talk:Biker culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Biker_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Biker culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Biker_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Biker culture</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bikers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biker_bar" title="Biker bar">Biker bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(motorcycle)" title="Chopper (motorcycle)">Chopper</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_rally" title="Motorcycle rally">Motorcycle rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_motorcycle_club" title="Outlaw motorcycle club">Outlaw motorcycle club</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_outlaw_motorcycle_clubs" title="List of outlaw motorcycle clubs">List of clubs</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Motorcycle_Club_terms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Motorcycle Club terms">List of terms</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Squid_(motorcycle)" title="Squid (motorcycle)">Squids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_stunt_riding" title="Motorcycle stunt riding">stunters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_hooliganism" title="Motorcycle hooliganism">hooligans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Mat_Rempit" title="Mat Rempit">Mat Rempit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scooterboy" title="Scooterboy">Scooterboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streetfighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetfighter">Streetfighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snatch_theft" title="Snatch theft">Snatch theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_racing" title="Street racing">Street racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_stunt_riding" title="Motorcycle stunt riding">Stunt riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_subculture" title="Youth subculture">Youth subculture</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese subculture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" title="Bōsōzoku">Bōsōzoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashiriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashiriya">Hashiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukeban" title="Sukeban">Sukeban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoku" title="Zoku">Zoku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film and television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biker_Boyz" title="Biker Boyz">Biker Boyz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bikie_Wars:_Brothers_in_Arms" title="Bikie Wars: Brothers in Arms">Bikie Wars: Brothers in Arms</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Rider_(motorcyclist)" title="Ghost Rider (motorcyclist)">Ghost Rider (Swedish motorcyclist)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harley_and_the_Davidsons" title="Harley and the Davidsons">Harley and the Davidsons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker film</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Anarchy" title="Sons of Anarchy">Sons of Anarchy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Torque_(film)" title="Torque (film)">Torque</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wild_Hogs" title="Wild Hogs">Wild Hogs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gangland_Undercover" title="Gangland Undercover">Gangland Undercover</a></i></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_IV:_The_Lost_and_Damned" title="Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned">Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Days_Gone" title="Days Gone">Days Gone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ride_to_Hell:_Retribution" title="Ride to Hell: Retribution">Ride to Hell: Retribution</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_Street_Heroes" title="Back Street Heroes">Back Street Heroes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Easyriders" title="Easyriders">Easyriders</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Horse_(magazine)" title="Iron Horse (magazine)">Iron Horse</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Atwell" title="David Atwell">David Atwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Barger" title="Sonny Barger">Sonny Barger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_%22Caesar%22_Campbell" title="Colin &quot;Caesar&quot; Campbell">Colin "Caesar" Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Christie_(biker)" title="George Christie (biker)">George Christie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Dobyns" title="Jay Dobyns">Jay Dobyns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzz_Kanter" title="Buzz Kanter">Buzz Kanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Langton" title="Jerry Langton">Jerry Langton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Nielsen" title="Jørn Nielsen">Jørn Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donny_Petersen" title="Donny Petersen">Donny Petersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Polhemus" title="Ted Polhemus">Ted Polhemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Queen" title="William Queen">William Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Sher" title="Julian Sher">Julian Sher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_S._Thompson" title="Hunter S. Thompson">Hunter S. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%ABgatsu_Toi" title="Jūgatsu Toi">Jūgatsu Toi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Zito" title="Chuck Zito">Chuck Zito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_motorcycles_and_motorcycling" title="Outline of motorcycles and motorcycling">Outline of motorcycles and motorcycling</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outlaw_motorcycle_clubs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:OutlawMotorcycleGroups" title="Template:OutlawMotorcycleGroups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:OutlawMotorcycleGroups" title="Template talk:OutlawMotorcycleGroups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:OutlawMotorcycleGroups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:OutlawMotorcycleGroups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outlaw_motorcycle_clubs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_motorcycle_club" title="Outlaw motorcycle club">Outlaw motorcycle clubs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_outlaw_motorcycle_clubs" title="List of outlaw motorcycle clubs">Clubs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annihilators_Motorcycle_Club" title="Annihilators Motorcycle Club">Annihilators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacchus_Motorcycle_Club" title="Bacchus Motorcycle Club">Bacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Bandidos Motorcycle Club">Bandidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Diamond_Riders_Motorcycle_Club" title="Black Diamond Riders Motorcycle Club">Black Diamond Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Pistons_Motorcycle_Club" title="Black Pistons Motorcycle Club">Black Pistons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Uhlans_Motorcycle_Club" title="Black Uhlans Motorcycle Club">Black Uhlans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Angels_Motorcycle_Club" title="Blue Angels Motorcycle Club">Blue Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breed_Motorcycle_Club" title="Breed Motorcycle Club">Breed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Speed_Motorcycle_Club" title="Brother Speed Motorcycle Club">Brother Speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullshit_Motorcycle_Club" title="Bullshit Motorcycle Club">Bullshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannonball_Motorcycle_Club" title="Cannonball Motorcycle Club">Cannonball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicanos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Chicanos Motorcycle Club">Chicanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chosen_Few_Motorcycle_Club" title="Chosen Few Motorcycle Club">Chosen Few</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Deroes_Motorcycle_Club" title="Club Deroes Motorcycle Club">Club Deroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_Cheaters" title="Coffin Cheaters">Coffin Cheaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanchero_Motorcycle_Club" title="Comanchero Motorcycle Club">Comanchero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossacks_Motorcycle_Club" title="Cossacks Motorcycle Club">Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devils_Diciples_Motorcycle_Club" title="Devils Diciples Motorcycle Club">Devils Diciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Disciples_Motorcycle_Club_(Canada)" title="Devil&#39;s Disciples Motorcycle Club (Canada)">Devil's Disciples (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Diablos Motorcycle Club">Diablos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablos_Motorcycle_Club_(founded_1999)" title="Diablos Motorcycle Club (founded 1999)">Diablos (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Dozen_Motorcycle_Club" title="Dirty Dozen Motorcycle Club">Dirty Dozen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bay_Dragons" title="East Bay Dragons">East Bay Dragons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Forastero_Motorcycle_Club" title="El Forastero Motorcycle Club">El Forastero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finks_Motorcycle_Club" title="Finks Motorcycle Club">Finks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Souls_Motorcycle_Club" title="Free Souls Motorcycle Club">Free Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galloping_Goose_Motorcycle_Club" title="Galloping Goose Motorcycle Club">Galloping Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_Keepers_Motorcycle_Club" title="Gate Keepers Motorcycle Club">Gate Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitans_Moto_Club" title="Gitans Moto Club">Gitans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gremium_Motorcycle_Club" title="Gremium Motorcycle Club">Gremium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grim_Reapers_Motorcycle_Club_(Canada)" title="Grim Reapers Motorcycle Club (Canada)">Grim Reapers (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grim_Reapers_Motorcycle_Club_(USA)" title="Grim Reapers Motorcycle Club (USA)">Grim Reapers (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_Joker_Motorcycle_Club" title="Gypsy Joker Motorcycle Club">Gypsy Jokers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_Hunters_Motorcycle_Club" title="Head Hunters Motorcycle Club">Head Hunters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hells_Angels" title="Hells Angels">Hells Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell%27s_Lovers_Motorcycle_Club" title="Hell&#39;s Lovers Motorcycle Club">Hell's Lovers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessians_Motorcycle_Club" title="Hessians Motorcycle Club">Hessians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_61_Motorcycle_Club" title="Highway 61 Motorcycle Club">Highway 61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highwaymen_Motorcycle_Club" title="Highwaymen Motorcycle Club">Highwaymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Horsemen_Motorcycle_Club" title="Iron Horsemen Motorcycle Club">Iron Horsemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinfolk_Motorcycle_Club" title="Kinfolk Motorcycle Club">Kinfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Crew_Motorcycle_Club" title="Kings Crew Motorcycle Club">Kings Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Legion_Brotherhood" title="Lone Legion Brotherhood">Lone Legion Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loners_Motorcycle_Club" title="Loners Motorcycle Club">Loners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Breed_Motorcycle_Club" title="Lost Breed Motorcycle Club">Lost Breed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Street_Commandos" title="Market Street Commandos">Market Street Commandos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobshitters" title="Mobshitters">Mobshitters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongols_Motorcycle_Club" title="Mongols Motorcycle Club">Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Surrender_Motorcycle_Club" title="No Surrender Motorcycle Club">No Surrender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomads_Motorcycle_Club_(Australia)" title="Nomads Motorcycle Club (Australia)">Nomads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notorious_Motorcycle_Club_(Australia)" title="Notorious Motorcycle Club (Australia)">Notorious (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notorious_Motorcycle_Club_(Germany)" title="Notorious Motorcycle Club (Germany)">Notorious (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Red_Devils_Motorcycle_Club" title="Original Red Devils Motorcycle Club">Original Red Devils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaws_Motorcycle_Club" title="Outlaws Motorcycle Club">Outlaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan%27s_Motorcycle_Club" title="Pagan&#39;s Motorcycle Club">Pagans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pissed_Off_Bastards_of_Bloomington" title="Pissed Off Bastards of Bloomington">Pissed off Bastards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popeye_Moto_Club" title="Popeye Moto Club">Popeyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebels_Motorcycle_Club" title="Rebels Motorcycle Club">Rebels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebels_Motorcycle_Club_(Canada)" title="Rebels Motorcycle Club (Canada)">Rebels (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Devils_Motorcycle_Club" title="Red Devils Motorcycle Club">Red Devils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Knights_Motorcycle_Club" title="Road Knights Motorcycle Club">Road Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Rats_Motorcycle_Club" title="Road Rats Motorcycle Club">Road Rats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Runners_Motorcycle_Club" title="Road Runners Motorcycle Club">Road Runners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Machine_Motorcycle_Club" title="Rock Machine Motorcycle Club">Rock Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockers_Motor_Club" title="Rockers Motor Club">Rockers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadistic_Souls_Motorcycle_Club" title="Sadistic Souls Motorcycle Club">Sadistic Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satan%27s_Choice_Motorcycle_Club" title="Satan&#39;s Choice Motorcycle Club">Satan's Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satans_Slaves_Motorcycle_Club" title="Satans Slaves Motorcycle Club">Satans Slaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satudarah" title="Satudarah">Satudarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin_City_Deciples_Motorcycle_Club" title="Sin City Deciples Motorcycle Club">Sin City Deciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_Angeles" title="Solo Angeles">Solo Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Satan_Motorcycle_Club" title="Sons of Satan Motorcycle Club">Sons of Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Silence" title="Sons of Silence">Sons of Silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribesmen_Motorcycle_Club" title="Tribesmen Motorcycle Club">Tribesmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Motorcycle_Club" title="Trust Motorcycle Club">Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Vagos Motorcycle Club">Vagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendettas_Motorcycle_Club" title="Vendettas Motorcycle Club">Vendettas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warlocks_Motorcycle_Club_(Florida)" title="Warlocks Motorcycle Club (Florida)">Warlocks (Florida)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warlocks_Motorcycle_Club_(Pennsylvania)" title="Warlocks Motorcycle Club (Pennsylvania)">Warlocks (Pennsylvania/Delaware Valley)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheels_of_Soul_Motorcycle_Club" title="Wheels of Soul Motorcycle Club">Wheels of Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulus_Motorcycle_Club" title="Zulus Motorcycle Club">Zulus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Amero" title="Larry Amero">Larry Amero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necati_Arabaci" title="Necati Arabaci">Necati Arabaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Aravena" title="Marcello Aravena">Marcello Aravena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Atwell" title="David Atwell">David Atwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Barger" title="Sonny Barger">Sonny Barger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Paul_Barnes" title="Harry Paul Barnes">Harry Paul Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Beaucage" title="Brian Beaucage">Brian Beaucage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Doyle_Berry" title="Howard Doyle Berry">Howard Doyle Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merv_Blaker" title="Merv Blaker">Merv Blaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Boucher" title="Maurice Boucher">Maurice Boucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Boudreault" title="Phillip Boudreault">Phillip Boudreault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Bowman" title="Harry Bowman">Harry Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_van_Boxtel" title="Willem van Boxtel">Willem van Boxtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Buddle" title="Mark Buddle">Mark Buddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Buteau" title="Yves Buteau">Yves Buteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_%22Caesar%22_Campbell" title="Colin &quot;Caesar&quot; Campbell">Colin "Caesar" Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorne_Edgar_Campbell" title="Lorne Edgar Campbell">Lorne Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Carroll_(biker)" title="David Carroll (biker)">David Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruben_Cavazos" title="Ruben Cavazos">Ruben Cavazos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Cazzetta" title="Giovanni Cazzetta">Giovanni Cazzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Cazzetta" title="Salvatore Cazzetta">Salvatore Cazzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Eugene_Chambers" title="Donald Eugene Chambers">Donald Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Champoux" title="Patrick Champoux">Patrick Champoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Christie_(biker)" title="George Christie (biker)">George Christie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Comeau" title="Gary Comeau">Gary Comeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Croitoru" title="Ion Croitoru">Ion Croitoru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Dub%C3%A9" title="Michel Dubé">Michel Dubé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Heinz_Elten" title="Rudi Heinz Elten">Rudi Heinz Elten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Faucher" title="Frédéric Faucher">Frédéric Faucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Fisher_(biker)" title="Alan Fisher (biker)">Alan Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Flanz" title="Jamie Flanz">Jamie Flanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Gagn%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Gagné">Stéphane Gagné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Gardiner" title="Brett Gardiner">Brett Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Gault" title="Steven Gault">Steven Gault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Guardado" title="Mark Guardado">Mark Guardado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Guindon" title="Bernie Guindon">Bernie Guindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Davidson_Guindon" title="Harley Davidson Guindon">Harley Davidson Guindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M.H._(police_informer)" title="M.H. (police informer)">M.H.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hagemann" title="Louis Hagemann">Louis Hagemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normand_Hamel" title="Normand Hamel">Normand Hamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hanebuth" title="Frank Hanebuth">Frank Hanebuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claus_Bork_Hansen" title="Claus Bork Hansen">Claus Bork Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Harnes" title="Lars Harnes">Lars Harnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Hawi" title="Mick Hawi">Mick Hawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_John_Hill" title="Peter John Hill">Peter John Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marko_Hirsma" title="Marko Hirsma">Marko Hirsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_George_Hoffman" title="David George Hoffman">David George Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hurren" title="Larry Hurren">Larry Hurren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Krogh_Jensen" title="Jan Krogh Jensen">Jan Krogh Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jessome" title="George Jessome">George Jessome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaud_Jomphe" title="Renaud Jomphe">Renaud Jomphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Kellestine" title="Wayne Kellestine">Wayne Kellestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Kirby" title="Cecil Kirby">Cecil Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Klepper" title="Sam Klepper">Sam Klepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kriarakis" title="George Kriarakis">George Kriarakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Langlois_(biker)" title="Michel Langlois (biker)">Michel Langlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Borgfjord_Larsen" title="Mickey Borgfjord Larsen">Mickey Borgfjord Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lenti" title="Frank Lenti">Frank Lenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9jean_Lessard" title="Réjean Lessard">Réjean Lessard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Lindsay" title="Steven Lindsay">Steven Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ljunggren" title="Michael Ljunggren">Michael Ljunggren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mann_(artist)" title="David Mann (artist)">David Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Mather_(biker)" title="Frank Mather (biker)">Frank Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Mathieu" title="Gilles Mathieu">Gilles Mathieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_McElwaine" title="Philip McElwaine">Philip McElwaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnet_McEwen" title="Garnet McEwen">Garnet McEwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_McLeod" title="Jeff McLeod">Jeff McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Meehan" title="Allan Meehan">Allan Meehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%B6ller" title="Thomas Möller">Thomas Möller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Murray_(leader)" title="Mick Murray (leader)">Mich Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Muscedere" title="Giovanni Muscedere">Giovanni Muscedere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Mushey" title="Dwight Mushey">Dwight Mushey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duax_Ngakuru" title="Duax Ngakuru">Duax Ngakuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bent_Svane_Nielsen" title="Bent Svane Nielsen">Bent Svane Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Nielsen" title="Jørn Nielsen">Jørn Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nolan_(biker)" title="Jim Nolan (biker)">Jim Nolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Farrell_(biker)" title="Michael O&#39;Farrell (biker)">Michael O'Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Parente" title="Mario Parente">Mario Parente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Perish" title="Anthony Perish">Anthony Perish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donny_Petersen" title="Donny Petersen">Donny Petersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Plante" title="Michael Plante">Michael Plante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Plescio" title="Johnny Plescio">Johnny Plescio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Porter_(biker)" title="Paul Porter (biker)">Paul Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_%22Jock%22_Ross" title="William &quot;Jock&quot; Ross">Jock Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Roy" title="Louis Roy">Louis Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sandham" title="Michael Sandham">Michael Sandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Sanguigni" title="Armand Sanguigni">Armand Sanguigni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sauv%C3%A9" title="Richard Sauvé">Richard Sauvé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schippert" title="Martin Schippert">Martin Schippert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Simon_(biker)" title="Robert Simon (biker)">Robert Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Mark_Spencer" title="Anthony Mark Spencer">Anthony Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Stadnick" title="Walter Stadnick">Walter Stadnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Steinert" title="Scott Steinert">Scott Steinert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Stockford" title="Donald Stockford">Donald Stockford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Tait" title="Anthony Tait">Anthony Tait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Tinndahn" title="Jim Tinndahn">Jim Tinndahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Trudeau_(biker)" title="Yves Trudeau (biker)">Yves Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Vall%C3%A9e" title="Richard Vallée">Richard Vallée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Vella" title="Alex Vella">Alex Vella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_V%C3%A9zina" title="Claude Vézina">Claude Vézina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ward_(biker)" title="Gerald Ward (biker)">Gerald Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Winterhalder" title="Edward Winterhalder">Edward Winterhalder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Woolley" title="Gregory Woolley">Gregory Woolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_van_Haarlem" title="Gordon van Haarlem">Gordon van Haarlem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Vries_(criminal)" title="Paul de Vries (criminal)">Paul de Vries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarek_Zahed" title="Tarek Zahed">Tarek Zahed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Zito" title="Chuck Zito">Chuck Zito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altamont_Free_Concert" title="Altamont Free Concert">Altamont Free Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Arts_Centre_incident" title="Battersea Arts Centre incident">Battersea Arts Centre incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Biker_War" title="First Biker War">First Biker War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Montreal_biker_war" title="First Montreal biker war">First Montreal biker war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_case" title="Hancock case">Hancock case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollister_riot" title="Hollister riot">Hollister riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grondalski_family_murders" title="Grondalski family murders">Grondalski family murders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennoxville_massacre" title="Lennoxville massacre">Lennoxville massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milperra_massacre" title="Milperra massacre">Milperra massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Cynthia_Garcia" title="Murder of Cynthia Garcia">Murder of Cynthia Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Western_Complex_shootout" title="National Western Complex shootout">National Western Complex shootout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Biker_War" title="Nordic Biker War">Nordic Biker War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Copenhagen_Airport_shooting" title="1996 Copenhagen Airport shooting">Copenhagen Airport shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Copenhagen_rocket_attack" title="1996 Copenhagen rocket attack">Copenhagen rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Drammen_bombing" title="1997 Drammen bombing">Drammen bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Biker_War" title="Ontario Biker War">Ontario Biker War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Hope_8_case" title="Port Hope 8 case">Port Hope 8 case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Biker_War" title="Quebec Biker War">Quebec Biker War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Run_riot" title="River Run riot">River Run riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shedden_massacre" title="Shedden massacre">Shedden massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Machine%E2%80%93Rebels_conflict" title="Rock Machine–Rebels conflict">Rock Machine–Rebels conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Waco_shootout" title="2015 Waco shootout">Waco shootout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law enforcement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Armstrong_(policeman)" title="Bob Armstrong (policeman)">Bob Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bouchard_(policeman)" title="André Bouchard (policeman)">André Bouchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Dobyns" title="Jay Dobyns">Jay Dobyns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Hall_(policeman)" title="Terry Hall (policeman)">Terry Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gordon_Harris" title="John Gordon Harris">John Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Paulson_(police_commissioner)" title="Bob Paulson (police commissioner)">Bob Paulson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Queen" title="William Queen">William Queen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomad_(motorcycle_club_membership)" title="Nomad (motorcycle club membership)">Nomad chapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_outlaw_motorcycle_clubs" title="List of outlaw motorcycle clubs">List of clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_outlaw_motorcycle_club_conflicts" title="List of outlaw motorcycle club conflicts">List of club conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker film</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5857dfdcd6‐2h485 Cached time: 20241203075955 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.430 seconds Real time usage: 0.571 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1442/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 84133/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 646/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 89021/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.260/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5323603/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 462.449 1 -total 40.71% 188.263 1 Template:Reflist 22.61% 104.571 4 Template:Navbox 21.21% 98.089 1 Template:Biker_culture 20.57% 95.117 5 Template:Cite_book 15.06% 69.646 1 Template:Short_description 11.84% 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