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$viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":16194006,"first_name":"Karl","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Schulze-Hagen","page_name":"KarlSchulzeHagen","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-06T19:00:45.354-07:00","display_name":"Karl Schulze-Hagen","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KarlSchulzeHagen","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png","has_photo":false,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/KarlSchulzeHagen","location":"/KarlSchulzeHagen","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/KarlSchulzeHagen","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" 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class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Karl" data-follow-user-id="16194006" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="16194006"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">8</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Karl Schulze-Hagen</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99260013"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99260013/The_bird_collection_by_Otto_Natorp_and_its_history_Otto_Natorp_und_seine_Vogelsammlung_Schicksal_und_Hintergrunde"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The bird collection by Otto Natorp and its history Otto Natorp und seine Vogelsammlung Schicksal und Hintergrunde" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99260013/The_bird_collection_by_Otto_Natorp_and_its_history_Otto_Natorp_und_seine_Vogelsammlung_Schicksal_und_Hintergrunde">The bird collection by Otto Natorp and its history Otto Natorp und seine Vogelsammlung Schicksal und Hintergrunde</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99260013"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99260013"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99260013; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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})(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99260013]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99260013,"title":"The bird collection by Otto Natorp and its history Otto Natorp und seine Vogelsammlung Schicksal und 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Authors' reply" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99260011/Habitat_food_and_male_parental_investment_in_the_Marsh_Warbler_Acrocephalus_palustris_a_comment_on_the_paper_by_Ille_and_Hoi_Authors_reply">Habitat, food and male parental investment in the Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris; a comment on the paper by Ille and Hoi. Authors' reply</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ibis</span><span>, 1997</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99260011"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99260011"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99260011; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99260011]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99260011]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99260011; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='99260011']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 99260011, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99260011]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99260011,"title":"Habitat, food and male parental investment in the Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris; a comment on the paper by Ille and Hoi. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99260009"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99260009/Foraging_diet_and_habitat_use"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Foraging, diet, and habitat use" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99260009/Foraging_diet_and_habitat_use">Foraging, diet, and habitat use</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Reed Warblers</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99260009"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99260009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99260009; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99260005"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99260005/Avian_taxidermy_in_Europe_from_the_Middle_Ages_to_the_Renaissance"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Avian taxidermy in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100396450/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99260005/Avian_taxidermy_in_Europe_from_the_Middle_Ages_to_the_Renaissance">Avian taxidermy in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Ornithology</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="809c509e90a46e17707344edb1362eac" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":100396450,"asset_id":99260005,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100396450/download_file?st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99260005"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99260005"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99260005; 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Many 16 th century natural history cabinets contained large numbers of mounted birds, often of exotic species. This has been documented in some inventories, e. g., that of the cabinet of arts of Emperor Rudolf II of Habsburg. However, it has so far gone unnoticed that numerous illustrations in the ornithological works of Gessner (1555), Belon (1555), Cyganski (1585), Aldrovandi (1599-1603) and in the Thesaurus Picturarum of Marcus zum Lamm (from 1577-1606; Kinzelbach \u0026 H61zinger 2000) were made using preserved birds as models. In Gessner (1555) in particular, the great majority of the bird illustrations are of mounted or mummified specimens. Sources from fields that have been neglected in the past, such as bird-trapping, hunting, and folklore, have supplied further examples. Avian taxidermy is referred to as early as in the treatise on falconry of Emperor Friedrich II of Hohenstaufen, written before 1248 (see also Tab. 1). Decoys used in bird-trapping were commonly stuffed specimens, and as such are mentioned around 1300 and 1450. The oldest scientific instructions on taxidermy were set down by B elon (1555). Olina (1622) and Aitinger (1626/31) provide the first detailed guides to taxidermic procedures. At first the mummification method dominated, in which the viscera were removed and the remainder of the body then dried in an oven and/or salted. However, we know that since Olina (1622) and Aitinger (1626/31) at the latest, the feathered skin was pulled over an artificial body following the removal of the flesh. The durability of such specimens was poor. This was only gradually improved by specimens being kept in well-sealed cases and by the use of arsenic, which had actually been employed in Germany at least 70 years before its 'official introduction' by B6coeur (Hohberg 1682). The first scientifically motivated ornithologists of the 16th century were in possession of sound taxidermic knowledge, which they had gained through contact with activities like bird-trapping, hunting, and the preparation of animal skins for clothing. There can be no doubt that the application of avian taxidermy was a crucial precondition for the early flowering of ornithology in the 16 th century.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2003,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Ornithology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":100396450},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99260005/Avian_taxidermy_in_Europe_from_the_Middle_Ages_to_the_Renaissance","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-29T02:33:39.049-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":16194006,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":100396450,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100396450/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"bf0246550920230329-1-2q7ivc.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100396450/download_file?st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Avian_taxidermy_in_Europe_from_the_Middl.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/100396450/bf0246550920230329-1-2q7ivc-libre.pdf?1680083142=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAvian_taxidermy_in_Europe_from_the_Middl.pdf\u0026Expires=1733267080\u0026Signature=NrBuBbCqllJfGYvfrRgX~YrFN~nbC3X-s-AVrN~DVg6BOWUcipigrwFdU0wq-EhY4EoXrHxehohs-Hofy7DDrlyuGza2qIsuzLYpK4n~7e7MQEhaz6xEAnL1mxZmIj0S0-tMsX2R3HhKzLMe2JCbyIrVBCntoAsg~Pdfv0LgGkfF4Kuk~1eL1Opvq19ZzCnmns3tYGPQJg5xfun4oKzvuCJa2EoWA8AZf3MLV1AKFecvY8xocXQn7mGEIOfoJpvpekQIAyJNwruxYT~ouIpTh-~suscPdIuUOYHmz03LV1UU2BTHNYyA3jMwF9IJ1OBEvnareWObcLNresMwj9oJkQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Avian_taxidermy_in_Europe_from_the_Middle_Ages_to_the_Renaissance","translated_slug":"","page_count":20,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":16194006,"first_name":"Karl","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Schulze-Hagen","page_name":"KarlSchulzeHagen","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-09-06T19:00:45.354-07:00","display_name":"Karl Schulze-Hagen","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KarlSchulzeHagen"},"attachments":[{"id":100396450,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100396450/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"bf0246550920230329-1-2q7ivc.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100396450/download_file?st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Avian_taxidermy_in_Europe_from_the_Middl.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/100396450/bf0246550920230329-1-2q7ivc-libre.pdf?1680083142=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAvian_taxidermy_in_Europe_from_the_Middl.pdf\u0026Expires=1733267080\u0026Signature=NrBuBbCqllJfGYvfrRgX~YrFN~nbC3X-s-AVrN~DVg6BOWUcipigrwFdU0wq-EhY4EoXrHxehohs-Hofy7DDrlyuGza2qIsuzLYpK4n~7e7MQEhaz6xEAnL1mxZmIj0S0-tMsX2R3HhKzLMe2JCbyIrVBCntoAsg~Pdfv0LgGkfF4Kuk~1eL1Opvq19ZzCnmns3tYGPQJg5xfun4oKzvuCJa2EoWA8AZf3MLV1AKFecvY8xocXQn7mGEIOfoJpvpekQIAyJNwruxYT~ouIpTh-~suscPdIuUOYHmz03LV1UU2BTHNYyA3jMwF9IJ1OBEvnareWObcLNresMwj9oJkQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology"},{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology"},{"id":5190,"name":"Exotic Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exotic_Species"},{"id":6227,"name":"Arsenic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arsenic"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":9588,"name":"Natural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_History"},{"id":81894,"name":"Middle Ages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Ages"},{"id":663091,"name":"The Renaissance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Renaissance"},{"id":1957240,"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENVIRONMENTAL_SCIENCE_AND_MANAGEMENT"}],"urls":[{"id":30150548,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02465509.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99259900"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259900/The_Great_Auk_Pinguinus_impennis_had_two_brood_patches_not_one_confirmation_and_implications"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis ) had two brood patches, not one: confirmation and implications" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259900/The_Great_Auk_Pinguinus_impennis_had_two_brood_patches_not_one_confirmation_and_implications">The Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis ) had two brood patches, not one: confirmation and implications</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ibis</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99259900"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99259900"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99259900; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99259899"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259899/What_do_minerals_in_the_feces_of_Bearded_Vultures_reveal_about_their_dietary_habits"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What do minerals in the feces of Bearded Vultures reveal about their dietary habits?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100396356/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259899/What_do_minerals_in_the_feces_of_Bearded_Vultures_reveal_about_their_dietary_habits">What do minerals in the feces of Bearded Vultures reveal about their dietary habits?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Science of The Total Environment</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="619cc65e2bba1c554e271bac86c5fe48" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":100396356,"asset_id":99259899,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100396356/download_file?st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99259899"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99259899"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99259899; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99259898"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259898/Cosmetic_colouring_by_Bearded_Vultures_Gypaetus_barbatus_still_no_evidence_for_an_antibacterial_function"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cosmetic colouring by Bearded Vultures Gypaetus barbatus: still no evidence for an antibacterial function" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100396318/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259898/Cosmetic_colouring_by_Bearded_Vultures_Gypaetus_barbatus_still_no_evidence_for_an_antibacterial_function">Cosmetic colouring by Bearded Vultures Gypaetus barbatus: still no evidence for an antibacterial function</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PeerJ</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Bearded Vultures regularly visit ferruginous springs for cosmetic purposes to obtain their reddis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Bearded Vultures regularly visit ferruginous springs for cosmetic purposes to obtain their reddish plumage colouration. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain this deliberate application of adventitious colouration: (1) to signal individual dominance status; (2) to exploit an anti-bacterial effect of iron oxides or ochre to reduce feather degradation by bacteria and, in parallel (3) to enable incubating birds to transfer this protection to their developing embryos to increase hatching success. Here, we re-evaluate the antibacterial hypothesis using three experimental approaches: (a) by applying feather-degrading bacteria to stained and unstained bearded vulture feathers; (b) by assessing the antibacterial activity of ochre; and (c) by comparing the breeding success of orange individuals with pale ones. Our findings suggest that the in vitro addition of feather degrading Bacillus licheniformis to naturally stained Bearded Vulture feathers did not retard feather degradatio...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c15255564b3266c1b790a7af99942076" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":100396318,"asset_id":99259898,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100396318/download_file?st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99259898"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99259898"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99259898; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99259898]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99259898]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99259898; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='99259898']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 99259898, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c15255564b3266c1b790a7af99942076" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99259898]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99259898,"title":"Cosmetic colouring by Bearded Vultures Gypaetus barbatus: still no evidence for an antibacterial function","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Bearded Vultures regularly visit ferruginous springs for cosmetic purposes to obtain their reddish plumage colouration. 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Our findings suggest that the in vitro addition of feather degrading Bacillus licheniformis to naturally stained Bearded Vulture feathers did not retard feather degradatio...","publisher":"PeerJ","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PeerJ"},"translated_abstract":"Bearded Vultures regularly visit ferruginous springs for cosmetic purposes to obtain their reddish plumage colouration. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain this deliberate application of adventitious colouration: (1) to signal individual dominance status; (2) to exploit an anti-bacterial effect of iron oxides or ochre to reduce feather degradation by bacteria and, in parallel (3) to enable incubating birds to transfer this protection to their developing embryos to increase hatching success. Here, we re-evaluate the antibacterial hypothesis using three experimental approaches: (a) by applying feather-degrading bacteria to stained and unstained bearded vulture feathers; (b) by assessing the antibacterial activity of ochre; and (c) by comparing the breeding success of orange individuals with pale ones. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99259897"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259897/Characteristics_determining_host_suitability_for_a_generalist_parasite"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Characteristics determining host suitability for a generalist parasite" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100396358/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259897/Characteristics_determining_host_suitability_for_a_generalist_parasite">Characteristics determining host suitability for a generalist parasite</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Scientific reports</span><span>, Jan 19, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Host quality is critical for parasites. The common cuckoo Cuculus canorus is a generalist avian b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Host quality is critical for parasites. The common cuckoo Cuculus canorus is a generalist avian brood parasite, but individual females show strong preference for a specific host species. Here, we use three extensive datasets to investigate different host characteristics determining cuckoo host selection at the species level: (i) 1871 population-specific parasitism rates collected across Europe; (ii) 14 K cases of parasitism in the United Kingdom; and (iii) 16 K cases of parasitism in Germany, with data collected during the period 1735-2013. We find highly consistent effects of the different host species traits across our three datasets: the cuckoo prefers passerine host species of intermediate size that breed in grass- or shrubland and that feed their nestlings with insects, and avoids species that nest in cavities. Based on these results, we construct a novel host suitability index for all passerine species breeding in Europe, and show that host species known to have a correspondin...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="27d6475f18be77438b2668bf98d0751c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":100396358,"asset_id":99259897,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100396358/download_file?st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99259897"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99259897"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99259897; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99259897]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99259897]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99259897; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='99259897']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 99259897, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "27d6475f18be77438b2668bf98d0751c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99259897]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99259897,"title":"Characteristics determining host suitability for a generalist parasite","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Host quality is critical for parasites. The common cuckoo Cuculus canorus is a generalist avian brood parasite, but individual females show strong preference for a specific host species. Here, we use three extensive datasets to investigate different host characteristics determining cuckoo host selection at the species level: (i) 1871 population-specific parasitism rates collected across Europe; (ii) 14 K cases of parasitism in the United Kingdom; and (iii) 16 K cases of parasitism in Germany, with data collected during the period 1735-2013. We find highly consistent effects of the different host species traits across our three datasets: the cuckoo prefers passerine host species of intermediate size that breed in grass- or shrubland and that feed their nestlings with insects, and avoids species that nest in cavities. Based on these results, we construct a novel host suitability index for all passerine species breeding in Europe, and show that host species known to have a correspondin...","ai_title_tag":"Host Traits Influencing Cuckoo Parasitism Across Europe","publication_date":{"day":19,"month":1,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Scientific reports"},"translated_abstract":"Host quality is critical for parasites. The common cuckoo Cuculus canorus is a generalist avian brood parasite, but individual females show strong preference for a specific host species. Here, we use three extensive datasets to investigate different host characteristics determining cuckoo host selection at the species level: (i) 1871 population-specific parasitism rates collected across Europe; (ii) 14 K cases of parasitism in the United Kingdom; and (iii) 16 K cases of parasitism in Germany, with data collected during the period 1735-2013. We find highly consistent effects of the different host species traits across our three datasets: the cuckoo prefers passerine host species of intermediate size that breed in grass- or shrubland and that feed their nestlings with insects, and avoids species that nest in cavities. 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First, he conducted a systematic comparative study of the avian social signals and other behaviours (in waterfowl, including hybrids) and was the first to recognise that their instinctive, ritualized displays could serve as taxonomic criteria. Konrad Lorenz later developed the idea and also gained most of the credit for it. Second, Heinroth, together with his first wife Magdalena, hand-reared about 1,000 individuals of 286 species of birds in their apartment over 28 years, documenting and photographing their development. The results, published in four substantial volumes (1924-1933) were well received, but the deteriorating financial and political situation in Germany before WWII, together with the lack of an English translation, meant that the project received less attention than it warranted. Third, Heinroth provided a framework for studying and understanding the behaviour of birds that included detailed observations throughout the animals' life; making use of tame individuals; and comparisons between captive and wild individuals. The value of this approach to the study of behaviour is exemplified by the Heinroths' results from rearing European Nightjars Caprimulgus europaeus in their apartment. We propose that these contributions as well as numerous other anecdotes and observations in Heinroth's publications merit further examination. Keywords Heinroth Á History of ornithology Á Ethology Á Comparative behavioural study Á Form and function Á Hand-raised birds Zusammenfassung Fast vergessen: Oskar Magdalena und Katharina Heinroth und ihre frü hen Studien zu Lebensformen und Ethologie der Vögel Oskar Heinroth (1871-1945) gehörte zu den einflussreichsten deutschen Ornithologen in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Seine innovativen Leistungen sind weitgehend in Vergessenheit geraten. Dazu gehören (1) vergleichende Studien zur Systematik der Anatiden unter besonderer Berücksichtigung sozialer Signale. Er erkannte als erster, dass ihr instinktives, ritualisiertes Balzverhalten als Kriterium in taxonomischen Studien genutzt werden kann. Konrad Lorenz hat diese Idee später weiterentwickelt und ist damit bekannt geworden. (2) Magdalena und Oskar Heinroth haben in ihrer Berliner Mietwohnung über einen Zeitraum von 28 Jahren mehr als 1000 Nestlinge von insgesamt 286 Arten mit der Hand aufgezogen und deren Entwicklung sorgfältig dokumentiert und in Fotos festgehalten. Die Ergebnisse ihrer immensen Arbeit publizierten sie in dem vierbändigen Werk ,,Die Vögel Mitteleuropas'' (1924-1933), das einen Meilenstein darstellt, jedoch infolge der schwierigen wirtschaftlichen und politischen Verhältnisse vor dem 2. Weltkrieg nicht die Aufmerksamkeit fand, die es verdient hätte. Eine englische Ausgabe des Werkes war damals ebenfalls nicht realisierbar. (3) Mit seinen innovativen Arbeiten lieferte Heinroth methodologisches Werkzeug für die damalige Verhaltensforschung; hierzu gehören detaillierte Beobachtungen zahmer Tiere über lange Zeiträume hinweg sowie der Communicated by F. Bairlein.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of 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first avian geneticists, but remains poorly known. He trained as a biologist, completing his PhD at the University of Go Èttingen in 1905 and then became a high-school teacher in Bremen where he remained for the rest of his life. In 1921 he met Karl Reich (1885±1970) who was the first person to make recordings of bird song and was well-known for creating a strain of canaries that sang Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) songs. Duncker provided a novel Darwinian/Mendelian explanation for how Reich's canaries acquired their songs. In the early 1920s, a time during which the field of genetics was rapidly developing in the USA and Britain, but not Germany, Duncker and Reich conducted large-scale breeding experiments to establish the pattern of inheritance of variegation and other traits in canaries. In 1925 Duncker met Generalkonsul Carl Cremer (1858±1938), who provided the financial backing for a massive and comprehensive study of inheritance of colour patterns in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulates). At the same time Duncker also initiated a project to create a red canary by hybridising canaries with the Red Siskin (Carduelis cucullata). Duncker recognized that bird-keepers had much to offer professional scientists (and vice versa) and was keen to bridge the gap between them and to this end in 1927 began his own journal ªVo Ègel ferner La Ènderº. His research on the genetics of the canary and budgerigar resulted in the publication of a large number of papers in ornithological journals and magazines and several books. Duncker was a eugenicist, and when the National Socialists came to power in 1933 he supported and promoted the notion of positive eugenics. He was later (in 1990) condemned for these activities and for having been a Nazi, but we show that Duncker joined the Party only reluctantly. After WWII Duncker restored and re-catalogued the bird collections at the U È bersee-Museum in Bremen. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99259892"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259892/Spatial_behaviour_in_the_Aquatic_Warbler_Acrocephalus_paludicola_during_mating_and_breeding"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spatial behaviour in the Aquatic Warbler (Acrocephalus paludicola) during mating and breeding" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100396353/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259892/Spatial_behaviour_in_the_Aquatic_Warbler_Acrocephalus_paludicola_during_mating_and_breeding">Spatial behaviour in the Aquatic Warbler (Acrocephalus paludicola) during mating and breeding</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Ornithology</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4a46baab37934961cf4fb8a904357eb3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":100396353,"asset_id":99259892,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100396353/download_file?st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99259892"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99259892"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99259892; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99259891"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259891/Multiple_Vaterschaften_in_Bruten_des_Seggenrohrs%C3%A4ngersAcrocephalus_paludicola_Erste_Ergebnisse_des_DNA_Fingerprintings"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Multiple Vaterschaften in Bruten des SeggenrohrsängersAcrocephalus paludicola: Erste Ergebnisse des DNA-Fingerprintings" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100396347/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259891/Multiple_Vaterschaften_in_Bruten_des_Seggenrohrs%C3%A4ngersAcrocephalus_paludicola_Erste_Ergebnisse_des_DNA_Fingerprintings">Multiple Vaterschaften in Bruten des SeggenrohrsängersAcrocephalus paludicola: Erste Ergebnisse des DNA-Fingerprintings</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Ornithology</span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="827b5b4e76bec68cbf28c80f3904b80f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":100396347,"asset_id":99259891,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100396347/download_file?st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99259891"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99259891"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99259891; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99260008"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99260008/Kinetics_of_steroid_transport_through_cell_membranes_Comparison_of_the_uptake_of_cortisol_by_isolated_rat_liver_cells_with_binding_of_cortisol_to_rat_liver_cytosol"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Kinetics of steroid transport through cell membranes: Comparison of the uptake of cortisol by isolated rat liver cells with binding of cortisol to rat liver cytosol" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99260008/Kinetics_of_steroid_transport_through_cell_membranes_Comparison_of_the_uptake_of_cortisol_by_isolated_rat_liver_cells_with_binding_of_cortisol_to_rat_liver_cytosol">Kinetics of steroid transport through cell membranes: Comparison of the uptake of cortisol by isolated rat liver cells with binding of cortisol to rat liver cytosol</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Steroid Biochemistry</span><span>, 1976</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99260008"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99260008"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99260008; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99260005"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99260005/Avian_taxidermy_in_Europe_from_the_Middle_Ages_to_the_Renaissance"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Avian taxidermy in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100396450/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99260005/Avian_taxidermy_in_Europe_from_the_Middle_Ages_to_the_Renaissance">Avian taxidermy in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Ornithology</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="809c509e90a46e17707344edb1362eac" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":100396450,"asset_id":99260005,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100396450/download_file?st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99260005"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99260005"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99260005; 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Many 16 th century natural history cabinets contained large numbers of mounted birds, often of exotic species. This has been documented in some inventories, e. g., that of the cabinet of arts of Emperor Rudolf II of Habsburg. However, it has so far gone unnoticed that numerous illustrations in the ornithological works of Gessner (1555), Belon (1555), Cyganski (1585), Aldrovandi (1599-1603) and in the Thesaurus Picturarum of Marcus zum Lamm (from 1577-1606; Kinzelbach \u0026 H61zinger 2000) were made using preserved birds as models. In Gessner (1555) in particular, the great majority of the bird illustrations are of mounted or mummified specimens. Sources from fields that have been neglected in the past, such as bird-trapping, hunting, and folklore, have supplied further examples. Avian taxidermy is referred to as early as in the treatise on falconry of Emperor Friedrich II of Hohenstaufen, written before 1248 (see also Tab. 1). Decoys used in bird-trapping were commonly stuffed specimens, and as such are mentioned around 1300 and 1450. The oldest scientific instructions on taxidermy were set down by B elon (1555). Olina (1622) and Aitinger (1626/31) provide the first detailed guides to taxidermic procedures. At first the mummification method dominated, in which the viscera were removed and the remainder of the body then dried in an oven and/or salted. However, we know that since Olina (1622) and Aitinger (1626/31) at the latest, the feathered skin was pulled over an artificial body following the removal of the flesh. The durability of such specimens was poor. This was only gradually improved by specimens being kept in well-sealed cases and by the use of arsenic, which had actually been employed in Germany at least 70 years before its 'official introduction' by B6coeur (Hohberg 1682). The first scientifically motivated ornithologists of the 16th century were in possession of sound taxidermic knowledge, which they had gained through contact with activities like bird-trapping, hunting, and the preparation of animal skins for clothing. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99260004"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99260004/Brutzeitliches_Verhalten_von_Seggenrohrs%C3%A4ngernAcrocephalus_paludicola_in_der_Voliere"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Brutzeitliches Verhalten von SeggenrohrsängernAcrocephalus paludicola in der Voliere" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99260004/Brutzeitliches_Verhalten_von_Seggenrohrs%C3%A4ngernAcrocephalus_paludicola_in_der_Voliere">Brutzeitliches Verhalten von SeggenrohrsängernAcrocephalus paludicola in der Voliere</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Ornithology</span><span>, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99260004"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99260004"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99260004; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99259898"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259898/Cosmetic_colouring_by_Bearded_Vultures_Gypaetus_barbatus_still_no_evidence_for_an_antibacterial_function"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cosmetic colouring by Bearded Vultures Gypaetus barbatus: still no evidence for an antibacterial function" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100396318/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259898/Cosmetic_colouring_by_Bearded_Vultures_Gypaetus_barbatus_still_no_evidence_for_an_antibacterial_function">Cosmetic colouring by Bearded Vultures Gypaetus barbatus: still no evidence for an antibacterial function</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PeerJ</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Bearded Vultures regularly visit ferruginous springs for cosmetic purposes to obtain their reddis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Bearded Vultures regularly visit ferruginous springs for cosmetic purposes to obtain their reddish plumage colouration. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain this deliberate application of adventitious colouration: (1) to signal individual dominance status; (2) to exploit an anti-bacterial effect of iron oxides or ochre to reduce feather degradation by bacteria and, in parallel (3) to enable incubating birds to transfer this protection to their developing embryos to increase hatching success. Here, we re-evaluate the antibacterial hypothesis using three experimental approaches: (a) by applying feather-degrading bacteria to stained and unstained bearded vulture feathers; (b) by assessing the antibacterial activity of ochre; and (c) by comparing the breeding success of orange individuals with pale ones. Our findings suggest that the in vitro addition of feather degrading Bacillus licheniformis to naturally stained Bearded Vulture feathers did not retard feather degradatio...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c15255564b3266c1b790a7af99942076" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":100396318,"asset_id":99259898,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100396318/download_file?st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99259898"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99259898"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99259898; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99259898]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99259898]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99259898; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='99259898']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 99259898, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c15255564b3266c1b790a7af99942076" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99259898]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99259898,"title":"Cosmetic colouring by Bearded Vultures Gypaetus barbatus: still no evidence for an antibacterial function","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Bearded Vultures regularly visit ferruginous springs for cosmetic purposes to obtain their reddish plumage colouration. 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Our findings suggest that the in vitro addition of feather degrading Bacillus licheniformis to naturally stained Bearded Vulture feathers did not retard feather degradatio...","publisher":"PeerJ","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PeerJ"},"translated_abstract":"Bearded Vultures regularly visit ferruginous springs for cosmetic purposes to obtain their reddish plumage colouration. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain this deliberate application of adventitious colouration: (1) to signal individual dominance status; (2) to exploit an anti-bacterial effect of iron oxides or ochre to reduce feather degradation by bacteria and, in parallel (3) to enable incubating birds to transfer this protection to their developing embryos to increase hatching success. 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suitability for a generalist parasite" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100396358/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259897/Characteristics_determining_host_suitability_for_a_generalist_parasite">Characteristics determining host suitability for a generalist parasite</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Scientific reports</span><span>, Jan 19, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Host quality is critical for parasites. The common cuckoo Cuculus canorus is a generalist avian b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Host quality is critical for parasites. The common cuckoo Cuculus canorus is a generalist avian brood parasite, but individual females show strong preference for a specific host species. Here, we use three extensive datasets to investigate different host characteristics determining cuckoo host selection at the species level: (i) 1871 population-specific parasitism rates collected across Europe; (ii) 14 K cases of parasitism in the United Kingdom; and (iii) 16 K cases of parasitism in Germany, with data collected during the period 1735-2013. We find highly consistent effects of the different host species traits across our three datasets: the cuckoo prefers passerine host species of intermediate size that breed in grass- or shrubland and that feed their nestlings with insects, and avoids species that nest in cavities. Based on these results, we construct a novel host suitability index for all passerine species breeding in Europe, and show that host species known to have a correspondin...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="27d6475f18be77438b2668bf98d0751c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":100396358,"asset_id":99259897,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100396358/download_file?st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99259897"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99259897"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99259897; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99259897]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99259897]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99259897; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='99259897']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 99259897, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "27d6475f18be77438b2668bf98d0751c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99259897]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99259897,"title":"Characteristics determining host suitability for a generalist parasite","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Host quality is critical for parasites. The common cuckoo Cuculus canorus is a generalist avian brood parasite, but individual females show strong preference for a specific host species. Here, we use three extensive datasets to investigate different host characteristics determining cuckoo host selection at the species level: (i) 1871 population-specific parasitism rates collected across Europe; (ii) 14 K cases of parasitism in the United Kingdom; and (iii) 16 K cases of parasitism in Germany, with data collected during the period 1735-2013. We find highly consistent effects of the different host species traits across our three datasets: the cuckoo prefers passerine host species of intermediate size that breed in grass- or shrubland and that feed their nestlings with insects, and avoids species that nest in cavities. Based on these results, we construct a novel host suitability index for all passerine species breeding in Europe, and show that host species known to have a correspondin...","ai_title_tag":"Host Traits Influencing Cuckoo Parasitism Across Europe","publication_date":{"day":19,"month":1,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Scientific reports"},"translated_abstract":"Host quality is critical for parasites. The common cuckoo Cuculus canorus is a generalist avian brood parasite, but individual females show strong preference for a specific host species. Here, we use three extensive datasets to investigate different host characteristics determining cuckoo host selection at the species level: (i) 1871 population-specific parasitism rates collected across Europe; (ii) 14 K cases of parasitism in the United Kingdom; and (iii) 16 K cases of parasitism in Germany, with data collected during the period 1735-2013. We find highly consistent effects of the different host species traits across our three datasets: the cuckoo prefers passerine host species of intermediate size that breed in grass- or shrubland and that feed their nestlings with insects, and avoids species that nest in cavities. 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First, he conducted a systematic comparative study of the avian social signals and other behaviours (in waterfowl, including hybrids) and was the first to recognise that their instinctive, ritualized displays could serve as taxonomic criteria. Konrad Lorenz later developed the idea and also gained most of the credit for it. Second, Heinroth, together with his first wife Magdalena, hand-reared about 1,000 individuals of 286 species of birds in their apartment over 28 years, documenting and photographing their development. The results, published in four substantial volumes (1924-1933) were well received, but the deteriorating financial and political situation in Germany before WWII, together with the lack of an English translation, meant that the project received less attention than it warranted. Third, Heinroth provided a framework for studying and understanding the behaviour of birds that included detailed observations throughout the animals' life; making use of tame individuals; and comparisons between captive and wild individuals. The value of this approach to the study of behaviour is exemplified by the Heinroths' results from rearing European Nightjars Caprimulgus europaeus in their apartment. We propose that these contributions as well as numerous other anecdotes and observations in Heinroth's publications merit further examination. Keywords Heinroth Á History of ornithology Á Ethology Á Comparative behavioural study Á Form and function Á Hand-raised birds Zusammenfassung Fast vergessen: Oskar Magdalena und Katharina Heinroth und ihre frü hen Studien zu Lebensformen und Ethologie der Vögel Oskar Heinroth (1871-1945) gehörte zu den einflussreichsten deutschen Ornithologen in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Seine innovativen Leistungen sind weitgehend in Vergessenheit geraten. Dazu gehören (1) vergleichende Studien zur Systematik der Anatiden unter besonderer Berücksichtigung sozialer Signale. Er erkannte als erster, dass ihr instinktives, ritualisiertes Balzverhalten als Kriterium in taxonomischen Studien genutzt werden kann. Konrad Lorenz hat diese Idee später weiterentwickelt und ist damit bekannt geworden. (2) Magdalena und Oskar Heinroth haben in ihrer Berliner Mietwohnung über einen Zeitraum von 28 Jahren mehr als 1000 Nestlinge von insgesamt 286 Arten mit der Hand aufgezogen und deren Entwicklung sorgfältig dokumentiert und in Fotos festgehalten. Die Ergebnisse ihrer immensen Arbeit publizierten sie in dem vierbändigen Werk ,,Die Vögel Mitteleuropas'' (1924-1933), das einen Meilenstein darstellt, jedoch infolge der schwierigen wirtschaftlichen und politischen Verhältnisse vor dem 2. Weltkrieg nicht die Aufmerksamkeit fand, die es verdient hätte. Eine englische Ausgabe des Werkes war damals ebenfalls nicht realisierbar. (3) Mit seinen innovativen Arbeiten lieferte Heinroth methodologisches Werkzeug für die damalige Verhaltensforschung; hierzu gehören detaillierte Beobachtungen zahmer Tiere über lange Zeiträume hinweg sowie der Communicated by F. Bairlein.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of 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class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259894/The_colour_of_birds_Hans_Duncker_pioneer_bird_geneticist"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The colour of birds: Hans Duncker, pioneer bird geneticist" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100396357/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259894/The_colour_of_birds_Hans_Duncker_pioneer_bird_geneticist">The colour of birds: Hans Duncker, pioneer bird geneticist</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Ornithology</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d4d574fe32f9384bacc67f5b69cf1e70" 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LLC","grobid_abstract":"Hans Duncker (1881±1961) is among the first avian geneticists, but remains poorly known. He trained as a biologist, completing his PhD at the University of Go Èttingen in 1905 and then became a high-school teacher in Bremen where he remained for the rest of his life. In 1921 he met Karl Reich (1885±1970) who was the first person to make recordings of bird song and was well-known for creating a strain of canaries that sang Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) songs. Duncker provided a novel Darwinian/Mendelian explanation for how Reich's canaries acquired their songs. In the early 1920s, a time during which the field of genetics was rapidly developing in the USA and Britain, but not Germany, Duncker and Reich conducted large-scale breeding experiments to establish the pattern of inheritance of variegation and other traits in canaries. In 1925 Duncker met Generalkonsul Carl Cremer (1858±1938), who provided the financial backing for a massive and comprehensive study of inheritance of colour patterns in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulates). At the same time Duncker also initiated a project to create a red canary by hybridising canaries with the Red Siskin (Carduelis cucullata). Duncker recognized that bird-keepers had much to offer professional scientists (and vice versa) and was keen to bridge the gap between them and to this end in 1927 began his own journal ªVo Ègel ferner La Ènderº. His research on the genetics of the canary and budgerigar resulted in the publication of a large number of papers in ornithological journals and magazines and several books. Duncker was a eugenicist, and when the National Socialists came to power in 1933 he supported and promoted the notion of positive eugenics. He was later (in 1990) condemned for these activities and for having been a Nazi, but we show that Duncker joined the Party only reluctantly. After WWII Duncker restored and re-catalogued the bird collections at the U È bersee-Museum in Bremen. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99259891"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259891/Multiple_Vaterschaften_in_Bruten_des_Seggenrohrs%C3%A4ngersAcrocephalus_paludicola_Erste_Ergebnisse_des_DNA_Fingerprintings"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Multiple Vaterschaften in Bruten des SeggenrohrsängersAcrocephalus paludicola: Erste Ergebnisse des DNA-Fingerprintings" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100396347/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99259891/Multiple_Vaterschaften_in_Bruten_des_Seggenrohrs%C3%A4ngersAcrocephalus_paludicola_Erste_Ergebnisse_des_DNA_Fingerprintings">Multiple Vaterschaften in Bruten des SeggenrohrsängersAcrocephalus paludicola: Erste Ergebnisse des DNA-Fingerprintings</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Ornithology</span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="827b5b4e76bec68cbf28c80f3904b80f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":100396347,"asset_id":99259891,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100396347/download_file?st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI2MzQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99259891"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99259891"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99259891; 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