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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory_and_antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory_and_antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistory and antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory_and_antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Early Modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Modern_and_contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Modern_and_contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Late Modern and contemporary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Modern_and_contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Members_of_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Members of Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members_of_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suburbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suburbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Suburbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suburbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture and community</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_community-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and community subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Community facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Places of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Buses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Canal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_and_beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_and_beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Religion and beliefs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_and_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Lichfeldians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Lichfeldians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notable Lichfeldians</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_Lichfeldians-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable Lichfeldians subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_Lichfeldians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-16th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>16th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>17th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>18th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.4</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.5</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.6</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twinnings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twinnings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Twinnings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twinnings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lichfield</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liccidfeld" title="Liccidfeld – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Liccidfeld" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9)" title="ليتشفيلد (المملكة المتحدة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليتشفيلد (المملكة المتحدة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AF" title="لیچفیلد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیچفیلد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%87%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Лічфілд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лічфілд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Личфийлд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Личфийлд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield_(lungsod)" title="Lichfield (lungsod) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lichfield (lungsod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caerlwytgoed" title="Caerlwytgoed – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caerlwytgoed" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Λίτσφιλντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λίτσφιλντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AF" title="لیچفیلد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیچفیلد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%98%ED%95%84%EB%93%9C" title="리치필드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리치필드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B9%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A4" title="Լիչֆիլդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիչֆիլդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93" title="ליצ'פילד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליצ'פילד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C4%8Df%C4%ABlda" title="Ličfīlda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ličfīlda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF" title="ليشفيلد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليشفيلد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AF" title="لیچفیلد – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لیچفیلد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%97" title="ꯂꯤꯆꯐꯤꯜꯗ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯤꯆꯐꯤꯜꯗ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89_(%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89)" title="リッチフィールド (イングランド) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リッチフィールド (イングランド)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88" title="لخفیلڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لخفیلڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Личфилд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Личфилд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%87%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80)" title="Лічфілд (Стаффордшир) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лічфілд (Стаффордшир)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88" title="لیچفیلڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لیچفیلڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Lichfield" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%87%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD)" title="利奇菲尔德 (英国) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="利奇菲尔德 (英国)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q207371#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lichfield&params=52.682_N_1.829_W_region:GB_type:city(34738)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°40′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°49′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.682°N 1.829°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.682; -1.829</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cathedral city in Staffordshire, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lichfield (disambiguation)">Lichfield (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City and civil parish in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Lichfield</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parish</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lichfield_Collage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Lichfield_Collage.jpg/280px-Lichfield_Collage.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Lichfield_Collage.jpg/420px-Lichfield_Collage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Lichfield_Collage.jpg/560px-Lichfield_Collage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7406" data-file-height="8034" /></a></span><div>From top left: <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Cathedral" title="Lichfield Cathedral">Lichfield Cathedral</a>; <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson_Birthplace_Museum" title="Samuel Johnson Birthplace Museum">Samuel Johnson Birthplace Museum</a>; Quonians Lane; <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Garrick_Theatre" title="Lichfield Garrick Theatre">Garrick Theatre</a> and skyline of the city.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Staffordshire_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lichfield is located in Staffordshire"><img alt="Lichfield is located in Staffordshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Staffordshire_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Staffordshire_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Staffordshire_UK_location_map.svg/360px-Staffordshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Staffordshire_UK_location_map.svg/480px-Staffordshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1305" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.824%;left:61%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lichfield"><img alt="Lichfield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Lichfield</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">14.02 km<sup>2</sup> (5.41 sq mi) <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">34,738 </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Density</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,478/km<sup>2</sup> (6,420/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Lichfieldian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=52.684874~-1.831318&lvl=13&sp=Point.52.684874_-1.831318_Lichfield&sty=s&style=s">SK115097</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></th><td class="infobox-data">121 miles (195 km) <a href="/wiki/Points_of_the_compass" title="Points of the compass">NNW</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">Civil parish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Lichfield</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_District" title="Lichfield District">Lichfield</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Shire county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas of the city</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Boley_Park" title="Boley Park">Boley Park</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Chadsmead" title="Chadsmead">Chadsmead</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Curborough" title="Curborough">Curborough</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Darwin_Park" title="Darwin Park">Darwin Park</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fradley" title="Fradley">Fradley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Leomansley" title="Leomansley">Leomansley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pipehill" title="Pipehill">Pipehill</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/St_Johns,_Lichfield" class="mw-redirect" title="St Johns, Lichfield">St Johns</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Stowe,_Lichfield" title="Stowe, Lichfield">Stowe</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Streethay" title="Streethay">Streethay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">LICHFIELD</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/WS_postcode_area" title="WS postcode area">WS13, WS14</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01543</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Police" title="Staffordshire Police">Staffordshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service">Staffordshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Ambulance_Service" title="West Midlands Ambulance Service">West Midlands</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Lichfield (UK Parliament constituency)">Lichfield</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lichfield.gov.uk/">www.lichfield.gov.uk</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Staffordshire" title="List of places in Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a></dd></dl></div> <p><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lichfield&params=52.682_N_1.829_W_region:GB_type:city(34738)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°40′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°49′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.682°N 1.829°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.682; -1.829</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 240px; height: 160px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="240" data-height="160" data-zoom="11" data-overlays="["_cfb4bc55f01f19099b3c2b2769cf057a57b08285"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,240x160.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Lichfield&revid=1255618343&groups=_cfb4bc55f01f19099b3c2b2769cf057a57b08285" width="240" height="160" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,240x160@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Lichfield&revid=1255618343&groups=_cfb4bc55f01f19099b3c2b2769cf057a57b08285 2x" alt="Map" /></a> City map</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lichfield</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">cathedral city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes in England">civil parish</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. Lichfield is situated 18 miles (29 km) south-east of the county town of <a href="/wiki/Stafford" title="Stafford">Stafford</a>, 9 miles (14 km) north-east of <a href="/wiki/Walsall" title="Walsall">Walsall</a>, 8 miles (13 km) north-west of <a href="/wiki/Tamworth,_Staffordshire" title="Tamworth, Staffordshire">Tamworth</a> and 13 miles (21 km) south-west of <a href="/wiki/Burton_upon_Trent" title="Burton upon Trent">Burton upon Trent</a>. At the time of the 2021 Census, the population was 34,738 and the population of the wider <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_District" title="Lichfield District">Lichfield District</a> was 106,400.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable for its three-spired medieval <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Cathedral" title="Lichfield Cathedral">cathedral</a>, Lichfield was the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a>, the writer of the first authoritative <i><a href="/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="A Dictionary of the English Language">Dictionary of the English Language</a></i>. The city's <a href="/wiki/Recorded_history" title="Recorded history">recorded history</a> began when <a href="/wiki/Chad_of_Mercia" title="Chad of Mercia">Chad of Mercia</a> arrived to establish his <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lichfield" title="Diocese of Lichfield">Bishopric</a> in 669 AD and the settlement grew as the ecclesiastical centre of <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a>. In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Hoard" title="Staffordshire Hoard">Staffordshire Hoard</a>, the largest hoard of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> gold and silver metalwork, was found 4 mi (6.4 km) south-west of Lichfield. </p><p>The development of the city was consolidated in the 12th century under <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Clinton" title="Roger de Clinton">Roger de Clinton</a>, who fortified the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Close,_Lichfield" title="Cathedral Close, Lichfield">Cathedral Close</a> and also laid out the town with the ladder-shaped street pattern that survives to this day. Lichfield's heyday was in the 18th century, when it developed into a thriving coaching city. This was a period of great intellectual activity; the city was the home of many famous people including Samuel Johnson, <a href="/wiki/David_Garrick" title="David Garrick">David Garrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Darwin" title="Erasmus Darwin">Erasmus Darwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Seward" title="Anna Seward">Anna Seward</a>, prompting Johnson's remark that Lichfield was "a city of philosophers". </p><p>Today, the city still retains its old importance as an ecclesiastical centre, and its industrial and commercial development has been limited. The centre of the city has over 230 <a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Lichfield" title="Listed buildings in Lichfield">listed buildings</a> (including many examples of <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian architecture</a>) and preserves much of its historic character. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origin of the modern name "Lichfield" is twofold. At <a href="/wiki/Wall,_Staffordshire" title="Wall, Staffordshire">Wall</a>, 3.5 km (2.2 mi) south of the current city, there was a <a href="/wiki/Romano-British_culture" title="Romano-British culture">Romano-British</a> village, <a href="/wiki/Letocetum" title="Letocetum">Letocetum</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Common Brittonic</a> place-name meaning "Grey wood", "<a href="/wiki/Grey" title="Grey">grey</a>" perhaps referring to varieties of tree prominent in the landscape, such as <a href="/wiki/Ash_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash tree">ash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elm" title="Elm">elm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 335">: 335 </span></sup> In the post-Roman period, <i>Letocetum</i> developed into Old Welsh <span title="Old Welsh-language text"><i lang="owl">Luitcoyt</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sims_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sims-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest record of the name in English is the <i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Sancti_Wilfrithi" title="Vita Sancti Wilfrithi">Vita Sancti Wilfredi</a></i> of around 715, describing when <a href="/wiki/Chad_of_Mercia" title="Chad of Mercia">Chad</a> moves from York to Lichfield in 669. "Chad was made Bishop of the Mercians immediately after his deposition; Wilfred gave him the place (<i>locus</i>) at Lichfield (<i>Onlicitfelda</i>)".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prefix "on" indicates that the place given to Chad by Wilfrid was "in Lichfield", indicating the name was understood to apply to a region rather than a specific settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bede's <i>Ecclesiastical History of the English People</i>, completed in 731, states that Chad acquired <i>Licidfelth</i> as his episcopal seat (<i>sedes episcolpalem</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These and later sources show that the name <i>Letocetum</i> had passed into <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> as <i>Licid</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Delamarre_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delamarre-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to which was appended the Old English word <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">feld</i></span> ("open country"). This word <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">Lyccidfeld</i></span> is the origin of the word "Lichfield".<sup id="cite_ref-Delamarre_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delamarre-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modern day city of Lichfield and the Roman villa of Letocetum are just two miles (3 km) apart. While these names are distinct in modern usage, they had a common derivation in the Brittonic original *<i>Letocaiton</i>, indicating that "grey wood" referred to the region inclusive of modern-day Lichfield City and the Roman villa.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Popular_etymology" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular etymology">Popular etymology</a> has it that a thousand Christians were martyred in Lichfield around AD 300 during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> and that the name Lichfield actually means "field of the dead" (see <i><a href="/wiki/Lich" title="Lich">lich</a></i>). There is no evidence to support this legend.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory_and_antiquity">Prehistory and antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory and antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Letocetum" title="Letocetum">Letocetum</a></div> <p>The earliest evidence of settlement is <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> flints discovered on the high ground of the cemetery at <a href="/wiki/St_Michael_on_Greenhill,_Lichfield" title="St Michael on Greenhill, Lichfield">St Michael on Greenhill</a>, which may indicate an early flint industry. Traces of <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> settlement have been discovered on the south side of the sandstone ridge occupied by <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Cathedral" title="Lichfield Cathedral">Lichfield Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-staf_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-staf-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2.2 mi (3.5 km) south-west of Lichfield, near the point where <a href="/wiki/Icknield_Street" title="Icknield Street">Icknield Street</a> crosses <a href="/wiki/Watling_Street" title="Watling Street">Watling Street</a>, was the site of Letocetum (the <a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Brittonic</a> *Lētocaiton, "Greywood"). Established in AD 50 as a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> military fortress, it had become a civilian settlement (<a href="/wiki/Vicus" title="Vicus">vicus</a>) with a bath house and a <a href="/wiki/Mansio" title="Mansio">mansio</a> by the 2nd century.<sup id="cite_ref-staf_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-staf-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Letocetum fell into decline by the 4th century and the Romans had left by the 5th century. There have been scattered Romano-British finds in Lichfield and it is possible that a burial discovered beneath the cathedral in 1751 was Romano-British.<sup id="cite_ref-staf_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-staf-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no evidence of what happened to Letocetum after the Romans left; however, Lichfield may have emerged as the inhabitants of Letocetum relocated during its decline. A <span class="nowrap">Cair Luit Coyd</span> ("<a href="/wiki/Caer" title="Caer">Fort</a> Greywood") was listed by <a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius</a> among the 28 cities of <a href="/wiki/Sub-Roman_Britain" title="Sub-Roman Britain">Britain</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Brittonum" title="Historia Brittonum">Historia Brittonum</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although these were largely historic remembrances of early <a href="/wiki/Sub-Roman_Britain" title="Sub-Roman Britain">Sub-Roman Britain</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_West_Front,_Lichfield_Cathedral_-_Anon_-_circa_1830.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/The_West_Front%2C_Lichfield_Cathedral_-_Anon_-_circa_1830.jpg/220px-The_West_Front%2C_Lichfield_Cathedral_-_Anon_-_circa_1830.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/The_West_Front%2C_Lichfield_Cathedral_-_Anon_-_circa_1830.jpg/330px-The_West_Front%2C_Lichfield_Cathedral_-_Anon_-_circa_1830.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/The_West_Front%2C_Lichfield_Cathedral_-_Anon_-_circa_1830.jpg/440px-The_West_Front%2C_Lichfield_Cathedral_-_Anon_-_circa_1830.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>The three-spired <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Cathedral" title="Lichfield Cathedral">Lichfield Cathedral</a> was built between 1195 and 1249</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Michael%27s_Churchyard_1840.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/St_Michael%27s_Churchyard_1840.jpg/220px-St_Michael%27s_Churchyard_1840.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/St_Michael%27s_Churchyard_1840.jpg/330px-St_Michael%27s_Churchyard_1840.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/St_Michael%27s_Churchyard_1840.jpg/440px-St_Michael%27s_Churchyard_1840.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1867" data-file-height="1239" /></a><figcaption>St Michael's Churchyard 1840</figcaption></figure> <p>The early history of Lichfield is obscure. The first authentic record of Lichfield occurs in <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a>'s history, where it is called <i>Licidfelth</i> and mentioned as the place where <a href="/wiki/Chad_of_Mercia" title="Chad of Mercia">St Chad</a> fixed the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">episcopal see</a> of the Mercians in 669. The first <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> king of <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wulfhere_of_Mercia" title="Wulfhere of Mercia">Wulfhere</a>, donated land at Lichfield for St Chad to build a monastery. It was because of this that the ecclesiastical centre of Mercia became settled as the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lichfield" title="Diocese of Lichfield">Diocese of Lichfield</a>, which was approximately 7 miles (11 km) northwest of the seat of the Mercian kings at <a href="/wiki/Tamworth,_Staffordshire" title="Tamworth, Staffordshire">Tamworth</a>. </p><p>In July 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Hoard" title="Staffordshire Hoard">Staffordshire Hoard</a>, the largest collection of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> gold ever found, was discovered in a field in the parish of <a href="/wiki/Hammerwich" title="Hammerwich">Hammerwich</a>, 4 mi (6.4 km) south-west of Lichfield; it was probably deposited in the 7th century. </p><p>The first cathedral was built on the present site in 700 when Bishop <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A6dde" title="Hædde">Hædde</a> built a new church to house the bones of St Chad, which had become the centre of a sacred shrine to many pilgrims when he died in 672. The burial in the cathedral of the kings of Mercia, Wulfhere in 674 and <a href="/wiki/Ceolred_of_Mercia" title="Ceolred of Mercia">Ceolred</a> in 716, further increased the city's prestige.<sup id="cite_ref-british-history.ac.uk_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-british-history.ac.uk-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 786 King <a href="/wiki/Offa_of_Mercia" title="Offa of Mercia">Offa</a> made the city an archbishopric with authority over all the bishops from the <a href="/wiki/Humber" title="Humber">Humber</a> to the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>; his appointee was Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Hygeberht" title="Hygeberht">Hygeberht</a>. This may have been motivated by Offa's desire to have an archbishop consecrate his son <a href="/wiki/Ecgfrith_of_Mercia" title="Ecgfrith of Mercia">Ecgfrith</a> as king, since it is possible <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A6nberht" title="Jænberht">Jænberht</a> refused to perform the ceremony, which took place in 787. After King Offa's death in 796, Lichfield's power waned; in 803 the primacy was restored to Canterbury by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Pope Leo III</a> after only 16 years. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Brittonum" title="Historia Brittonum">Historia Brittonum</a></i> lists the city as one of the 28 cities of Britain around AD 833. </p><p> During the 9th century, Mercia was devastated by Danish <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a>. Lichfield itself was unwalled and the cathedral was despoiled, so <a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Lichfield" title="Peter of Lichfield">Bishop Peter</a> moved the see to the fortified and wealthier <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a> in 1075. At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> survey (1086), Lichfield was held by the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Chester" title="Bishop of Chester">bishop of Chester</a>; Lichfield was listed as a small village. The lord of the manor was the Bishop of Chester until the reign of <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VI of England">Edward VI</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Staffordshire_hoard_annotated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Staffordshire_hoard_annotated.jpg/220px-Staffordshire_hoard_annotated.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Staffordshire_hoard_annotated.jpg/330px-Staffordshire_hoard_annotated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Staffordshire_hoard_annotated.jpg/440px-Staffordshire_hoard_annotated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="723" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Hoard" title="Staffordshire Hoard">Staffordshire Hoard</a> was discovered in a field near Lichfield</figcaption></figure><p> In 1102 Bishop Peter's successor, <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Limesey" title="Robert de Limesey">Robert de Limesey</a>, transferred the see from Chester to Coventry. The Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield had seats in both locations; work on the present Gothic cathedral at Lichfield began in 1195. (In 1837 the see of Lichfield acquired independent status, and the style 'Bishop of Lichfield' was adopted.) </p><p>In 1153 a markets charter was granted by King Stephen and, ever since, weekly markets have been held in the Market Square.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lichfield_Cathedral_2010-10-13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lichfield_Cathedral_2010-10-13.jpg/220px-Lichfield_Cathedral_2010-10-13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lichfield_Cathedral_2010-10-13.jpg/330px-Lichfield_Cathedral_2010-10-13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lichfield_Cathedral_2010-10-13.jpg/440px-Lichfield_Cathedral_2010-10-13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2091" data-file-height="2144" /></a><figcaption>Lichfield Cathedral in modern times.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bishop <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Clinton" title="Roger de Clinton">Roger de Clinton</a> was responsible for transforming the scattered settlements to the south of Minster Pool into the ladder-plan streets existing today. Market Street, Wade Street, Bore Street and Frog Lane linked Dam Street, Conduit Street and Bakers Lane on one side with Bird Street and St John Street on the other. Bishop de Clinton also fortified the cathedral close and enclosed the town with a bank and ditch, and gates were set up where roads into the town crossed the ditch.<sup id="cite_ref-british-history.ac.uk_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-british-history.ac.uk-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1291 Lichfield was severely damaged by a fire which destroyed most of the town; however the Cathedral and Close survived unscathed.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1387 <a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II</a> gave a charter for the foundation of the guild of St Mary and St John the Baptist; this guild functioned as the local government, until its dissolution by <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VI of England">Edward VI</a>, who incorporated the town in 1548. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Modern">Early Modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early Modern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Snape_Lichfield_Plan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/John_Snape_Lichfield_Plan.jpg/220px-John_Snape_Lichfield_Plan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/John_Snape_Lichfield_Plan.jpg/330px-John_Snape_Lichfield_Plan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/John_Snape_Lichfield_Plan.jpg/440px-John_Snape_Lichfield_Plan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2866" data-file-height="2087" /></a><figcaption>Map of Lichfield in 1781</figcaption></figure> <p>The policies of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> had a dramatic effect on Lichfield. The <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">Reformation</a> brought the disappearance of <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim">pilgrim</a> traffic following the destruction of St Chad's shrine in 1538, which was a major loss to the city's economic prosperity. That year too the <a href="/wiki/The_Franciscan_Friary,_Lichfield" class="mw-redirect" title="The Franciscan Friary, Lichfield">Franciscan Friary</a> was dissolved, the site becoming a private estate. Further economic decline followed the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">plague</a> in 1593, which resulted in the death of over a third of the entire population.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three people were burned at the stake for <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a> under Mary I. The last public burning at the stake for heresy in England took place in Lichfield, when <a href="/wiki/Edward_Wightman" title="Edward Wightman">Edward Wightman</a> from <a href="/wiki/Burton_upon_Trent" title="Burton upon Trent">Burton upon Trent</a> was <a href="/wiki/Execution_by_burning" class="mw-redirect" title="Execution by burning">executed by burning</a> in the Market Place on 11 April 1612 for promoting himself as the divine <a href="/wiki/Paraclete" title="Paraclete">Paraclete</a> and Saviour of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr-Johnson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Dr-Johnson.jpg/200px-Dr-Johnson.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Dr-Johnson.jpg/300px-Dr-Johnson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Dr-Johnson.jpg/400px-Dr-Johnson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2535" data-file-height="3040" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a> was born in Breadmarket Street in 1709</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_Johnson_Statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Samuel_Johnson_Statue.jpg/200px-Samuel_Johnson_Statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Samuel_Johnson_Statue.jpg/300px-Samuel_Johnson_Statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Samuel_Johnson_Statue.jpg/400px-Samuel_Johnson_Statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3192" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Dr Johnson in Lichfield's Market Square<br />"The Doctor's statue, which is of some inexpensive composite painted a shiny brown, and of no great merit of design, fills out the vacant dulness of the little square in much the same way as his massive personality occupies—with just a margin for <a href="/wiki/David_Garrick" title="David Garrick">Garrick</a>—the record of his native town."—<a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a>, <i>Lichfield and Warwick</i>, 1872</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cockle_Lucas_Johnson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cockle_Lucas_Johnson.jpg/200px-Cockle_Lucas_Johnson.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cockle_Lucas_Johnson.jpg/300px-Cockle_Lucas_Johnson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cockle_Lucas_Johnson.jpg/400px-Cockle_Lucas_Johnson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1403" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Photograph by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cockle_Lucas" title="Richard Cockle Lucas">Richard Cockle Lucas</a> (sculptor) of Johnson statue taken in 1859</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, Lichfield was divided. The cathedral authorities, supported by some of the townsfolk, were for the king, but the townsfolk generally sided with the Parliament. This led to the fortification of the close in 1643. Lichfield's position as a focus of supply routes had an important strategic significance during the war, and both forces were anxious for control of the city. The Parliamentary commander <a href="/wiki/Robert_Greville,_2nd_Baron_Brooke" title="Robert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke">Lord Brooke</a> led an assault on the fortified close, but was killed by a deflected bullet on St Chad's day in 1643, an accident welcomed as a miracle by the Royalists. The close subsequently yielded to the Parliamentarians, but was retaken by <a href="/wiki/Prince_Rupert_of_the_Rhine" title="Prince Rupert of the Rhine">Prince Rupert of the Rhine</a> in the same year; on the collapse of the Royalist cause in 1646 it again surrendered. The cathedral suffered extensive damage from the war, including the complete destruction of the central spire. It was restored at the Restoration under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/John_Hacket" title="John Hacket">Bishop Hacket</a>, and thanks in part to the generosity of <a href="/wiki/King_Charles_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles II of England">King Charles II</a>. </p><p>Lichfield started to develop a lively coaching trade as a stop-off on the busy route between London and <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a> from the 1650s onwards, making it Staffordshire's most prosperous town. In the 18th century, and then reaching its peak in the period from 1800 to 1840, the city thrived as a busy coaching city on the main routes from London to the north-west and Birmingham to the north-east. It also became a centre of great intellectual activity, being the home of many famous people including <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Garrick" title="David Garrick">David Garrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Darwin" title="Erasmus Darwin">Erasmus Darwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Seward" title="Anna Seward">Anna Seward</a>; this prompted Johnson's remark that Lichfield was "a city of philosophers". In the 1720s <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a> described Lichfield as 'a fine, neat, well-built, and indifferent large city', the principal town in the region after Chester.<sup id="cite_ref-From_1990_pp._14-24_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_1990_pp._14-24-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the late 18th and early 19th century much of the medieval city was rebuilt with the red-brick <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian style</a> buildings still to be seen today. Also during this time, the city's infrastructure underwent great improvements, with underground sewerage systems, paved streets and gas-powered street lighting.<sup id="cite_ref-clay_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clay-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An infantry regiment of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> was formed at Lichfield in 1705 by Col. <a href="/wiki/Luke_Lillingstone" title="Luke Lillingstone">Luke Lillingstone</a> in the King's Head tavern in Bird Street. In 1751 it became the 38th Regiment of Foot, and in 1783 the 1st <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Regiment" title="Staffordshire Regiment">Staffordshire Regiment</a>; after reorganisation in 1881 it became the 1st battalion of the <a href="/wiki/South_Staffordshire_Regiment" title="South Staffordshire Regiment">South Staffordshire Regiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-From_1990_pp._14-24_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_1990_pp._14-24-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Modern_and_contemporary">Late Modern and contemporary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Late Modern and contemporary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> and the railways in 1837 signalled the end of Lichfield's position as an important staging post for coaching traffic. While nearby Birmingham (and its population) expanded greatly during the Industrial Revolution, Lichfield remained largely unchanged in character. </p><p>The first council houses were built in the Dimbles area of the city in the 1930s. The outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> brought over 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Evacuations_of_civilians_in_Britain_during_World_War_II" title="Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II">evacuees</a> from industrialised areas. However, due to the lack of heavy industry in the city, Lichfield escaped lightly, although there were <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing" title="Strategic bombing">air raids</a> in 1940 and 1941 and three Lichfeldians were killed. Just outside the city, <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Bomber" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellington Bomber">Wellington Bombers</a> flew out of Fradley Aerodrome, which was known as <a href="/wiki/RAF_Lichfield" title="RAF Lichfield">RAF Lichfield</a>. After the war the council built many new houses in the 1960s, including some high-rise flats, while the late 1970s and early 1980s saw the construction of a large housing estate at Boley Park in the south-east of the city. The city's population tripled between 1951 and the late 1980s. </p><p>The city has continued expanding to the west. The Darwin Park housing estate has been under development for a number of years and has swelled the city's population by approximately 3,000. Plans were approved for Friarsgate, a new £100 million shopping and leisure complex opposite <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_City_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichfield City Station">Lichfield City Station</a>. The police station, bus station, Ford garage and multi-storey car park were to be demolished to make way for 22,000 m<sup>2</sup> of retail space and 2,000 m<sup>2</sup> of leisure facilities, consisting of a flagship department store, six-screen cinema, hotel, 37 individual shops and 56 flats.<sup id="cite_ref-ldcfp_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ldcfp-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These plans have not gone ahead<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and new plans have been made for a cinema in the abandoned <a href="/wiki/Debenhams" title="Debenhams">Debenhams</a> building.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lichfield" title="Bishop of Lichfield">Bishop of Lichfield</a> had authority over the city. It was not until 1548, with <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI" title="Edward VI">Edward VI</a>'s charter, that Lichfield had any form of secular government. As a reward for the support given to Mary I by the bailiffs and citizens during the Duke of Northumberland's attempt to prevent her accession, the Queen issued a new charter in 1553, confirming the 1548 charter and in addition granting the city its own Sheriff. The same charter made Lichfield a county separate from the rest of <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a>. It remained so until 1888. </p><p>The City Council (not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_District_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichfield District Council">Lichfield District Council</a>, which has authority over a wider area than Lichfield city) has 28 members (from the nine wards of Boley Park, Burton Old Road West, Chadsmead, Curborough, Garrick Road, Leamonsley, St John's, Pentire Road and Stowe), who are elected every four years. After the 2019 parish council elections,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservatives</a> remained in overall control, with the 28 seats being divided between the Conservatives (16), <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">the Liberal Democrats</a> (8), <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> (3) and Independent (1) who subsequently joined the Labour group. The <a href="/wiki/Worship_(style)" title="Worship (style)">Right Worshipful</a> the <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a> of Lichfield (currently Councillor Robert Yardley<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is the civic head of the council<sup id="cite_ref-lichfield.gov.uk_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lichfield.gov.uk-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and chairs council meetings. The council also appoints a Leader of Council to be the main person responsible for leadership of the council's political and policy matters. The council's current Leader is <a href="/wiki/Councillor" title="Councillor">Councillor</a> Mark Warfield. Lichfield is one of only 15 towns and cities in England and Wales which appoints a <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff" class="mw-redirect" title="High Sheriff">Sheriff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Members_of_Parliament">Members of Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Members of Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Lichfield (UK Parliament constituency)">Lichfield constituency</a> sent two members to the parliament of 1304 and to a few succeeding parliaments, but the representation did not become regular until 1552; in 1867 it lost one member, and in 1885 its representation was merged into that of the county.<sup id="cite_ref-From_1990_pp._14-24_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_1990_pp._14-24-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lichfield constituency was abolished in 1950 and replaced with the <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_and_Tamworth_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Lichfield and Tamworth (UK Parliament constituency)">Lichfield and Tamworth constituency</a>. This constituency lasted until 1983, when it was replaced with the <a href="/wiki/Mid_Staffordshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Mid Staffordshire (UK Parliament constituency)">Mid Staffordshire constituency</a>. </p><p>Based on the resident's location in Lichfield District, there are technically two MPs. The current Member of Parliament for Lichfield, including the whole of the city, is the Labour Politician <a href="/wiki/Dave_Robertson_(British_politician)" title="Dave Robertson (British politician)">Dave Robertson</a>, who has been MP for Lichfield since the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a>. Robertson won the seat from Conservative <a href="/wiki/Michael_Fabricant" title="Michael Fabricant">Michael Fabricant</a>, who had held the seat since 1997, by a majority of 810.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Edwards_(British_politician)" title="Sarah Edwards (British politician)">Sarah Edwards</a> was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Tamworth_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Tamworth (UK Parliament constituency)">Tamworth constituency</a> in a <a href="/wiki/2023_Tamworth_by-election" title="2023 Tamworth by-election">byelection in 2023</a><sup id="cite_ref-bbc2023_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2023-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and held the seat in the 2024 general election.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Pincher" title="Chris Pincher">Christopher Pincher</a> was the previous MP until a <a href="/wiki/Chris_Pincher_scandal" title="Chris Pincher scandal">highly publicised scandal</a> in 2022 after which he had the Conservative <a href="/wiki/Whip_(politics)" title="Whip (politics)">whip</a> revoked and subsequently sat as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> before announcing his resignation in September 2023. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lichfield covers an area of approximately 5.41 sq mi (14.0 km<sup>2</sup>) in the south-east of the county of Staffordshire in the West Midlands region of England. It is approximately 27 km (17 mi) north of Birmingham and 200 km (120 mi) north-west of London. The city is located between the high ground of <a href="/wiki/Cannock_Chase" title="Cannock Chase">Cannock Chase</a> to the west and the valleys of the Rivers <a href="/wiki/River_Trent" title="River Trent">Trent</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Tame,_West_Midlands" title="River Tame, West Midlands">Tame</a> to the east. It is underlain by red <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>, deposited during the arid desert conditions of the <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> period. <a href="/wiki/Keuper_marl" title="Keuper marl">Mercia Mudstone</a> underlies the north and north-eastern edges of the city towards <a href="/wiki/Curborough_and_Elmhurst" title="Curborough and Elmhurst">Elmhurst and Curborough</a>. The red sandstone underlying the majority of Lichfield is present in many of its ancient buildings, including Lichfield Cathedral and the <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_St_Chad,_Lichfield" class="mw-redirect" title="The Church of St Chad, Lichfield">Church of St Chad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bgs_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bgs-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ground within the city slopes down from 116m in the north-west to 86m on the sandstone shelf where Lichfield Cathedral stands. To the south and east of the city centre is a ridge which reaches 103 m at <a href="/wiki/St_Michael_on_Greenhill,_Lichfield" title="St Michael on Greenhill, Lichfield">St Michael on Greenhill</a>. Boley Park lies on top of a ridge with its highest point on Borrowcop Hill at 113m. To the south-east the level drops to 69 m where Tamworth Road crosses the city boundary into Freeford. There is another high ridge south-west of the city where there are two high points, one at Berry Hill Farm at 123 m and the other on Harehurst Hill near the city boundary at Aldershawe where the level reaches 134 m.<sup id="cite_ref-osmap_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osmap-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is built on the two sides of a shallow valley, into which flow two streams from the west, the Trunkfield Brook and the Leamonsley Brook, and out of which the Curborough Brook runs to the north-east, eventually flowing into the <a href="/wiki/River_Trent" title="River Trent">River Trent</a>. The two streams have been dammed south of the cathedral on Dam Street to form <a href="/wiki/Minster_Pool" title="Minster Pool">Minster Pool</a> and near St Chad's Road to form <a href="/wiki/Stowe_Pool" title="Stowe Pool">Stowe Pool</a>. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:778px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lichfield_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of the city, taken from Lichfield Cathedral central spire"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Lichfield_Panorama.jpg/770px-Lichfield_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="770" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Lichfield_Panorama.jpg/1155px-Lichfield_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Lichfield_Panorama.jpg/1540px-Lichfield_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Lichfield_Panorama.jpg" title="File:Lichfield Panorama.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of the city, taken from <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Cathedral" title="Lichfield Cathedral">Lichfield Cathedral</a> central spire</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:778px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lichfield_Harehurst_Hill_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama from Harehurst Hill 1.5 mi (2.4 km) south west of the cathedral, showing Lichfield's distinctive 5 spires"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lichfield_Harehurst_Hill_2.jpg/770px-Lichfield_Harehurst_Hill_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="770" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lichfield_Harehurst_Hill_2.jpg/1155px-Lichfield_Harehurst_Hill_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lichfield_Harehurst_Hill_2.jpg/1540px-Lichfield_Harehurst_Hill_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7445" data-file-height="1801" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Lichfield_Harehurst_Hill_2.jpg" title="File:Lichfield Harehurst Hill 2.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama from Harehurst Hill 1.5 mi (2.4 km) south west of the cathedral, showing Lichfield's distinctive 5 spires</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suburbs">Suburbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Suburbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li>Boley Park</li> <li>Chadsmead</li> <li>Christ Church</li> <li>Darwin Park</li> <li>The Dimbles</li> <li>Leomonsley</li> <li>Nether Stowe</li> <li>Sandfields</li> <li>Stowe</li> <li>Streethay</li> <li>Trent Valley</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the time of the 2021 census, the population of the City of Lichfield was 34,738. Lichfield is 96.5% white and 66.5% Christian. 51% of the population over 16 were married. 64% were employed and 21% of the people were retired. All of these figures were higher than the national average.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:70%; border:0; text-align:center; line-height:120%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="22" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">Population growth</a> of the City of Lichfield since 1685 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#9cc; color:navy; height:17px;">Year </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1685 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1781 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1801 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1831 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1901 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1911 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1921 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1931 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1951 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1961 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1971 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1981 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1991 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">2001 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">2011 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">2021 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background:#9cc; color:navy; height:17px;">Population </th> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">3,040 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">3,555 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">4,840 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">6,252 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">7,900 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">8,616 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">8,393 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">8,507 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">10,260 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">14,090 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">22,660 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">25,400 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">28,666 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">27,900 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">32,219 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">34,738 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background:#9cc; color:navy; height:17px;">%± </th> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">- </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">16.9% </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">36.1% </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">29.2% </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">26.4% </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">9.1% </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">-2.6% </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">1.35% </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">19.1% </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">37.3% </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">60.8% </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">12.1% </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">12.9% </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">-2.7% </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">15.5% </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">7.8% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tudorcafe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Tudorcafe.jpg/220px-Tudorcafe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Tudorcafe.jpg/330px-Tudorcafe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Tudorcafe.jpg/440px-Tudorcafe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The Tudor Café in Bore Street was built in 1510</figcaption></figure> <p>Lichfield's wealth grew along with its importance as an ecclesiastical centre. The original settlement prospered as the place where pilgrims gathered to worship at the shrine of St Chad: this practice continued until the <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">Reformation</a>, when the shrine was destroyed. </p><p>In the Middle Ages, the main industry in Lichfield was making woollen cloth; there was also a leather industry. Much of the surrounding area was open pasture, and there were many surrounding farms. </p><p>In the 18th century, Lichfield became a busy coaching centre. Inns and hostelries grew up to provide accommodation, and industries dependent on the coaching trade such as coach builders, corn and hay merchants, saddlers, and tanneries began to thrive. The Corn Exchange was designed by T. Johnson and Son and completed in 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The invention of the railways saw a decline in coach travel, and with it came the decline in Lichfield's prosperity. By the end of the 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">brewing</a> was the principal industry, and in the neighbourhood were large market gardens which provided food for the growing populations of nearby Birmingham and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Country" title="Black Country">Black Country</a>. </p><p>Today there are a number of light industrial areas, predominantly in the east of the city, not dominated by any one particular industry. The district is famous for two local manufacturers: <a href="/wiki/Armitage_Shanks" title="Armitage Shanks">Armitage Shanks</a>, makers of baths/bidets and showers, and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Price" title="Arthur Price">Arthur Price of England</a>, master cutlers and silversmiths. Many residents commute to Birmingham. </p><p>The city is home to <a href="/wiki/Central_England_Co-operative" title="Central England Co-operative">Central England Co-operative</a> (and its predecessor <a href="/wiki/Midlands_Co-operative_Society" title="Midlands Co-operative Society">Midlands Co-operative Society</a>), the second largest independent consumer co-operative in the UK. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_community">Culture and community</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture and community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lichfield_Garrick_Theatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lichfield_Garrick_Theatre.jpg/220px-Lichfield_Garrick_Theatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lichfield_Garrick_Theatre.jpg/330px-Lichfield_Garrick_Theatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lichfield_Garrick_Theatre.jpg/440px-Lichfield_Garrick_Theatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2740" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Garrick_Theatre" title="Lichfield Garrick Theatre">Lichfield Garrick Theatre</a> was built in 2003</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Guildhall,_Lichfield_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1515107.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/The_Guildhall%2C_Lichfield_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1515107.jpg/220px-The_Guildhall%2C_Lichfield_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1515107.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/The_Guildhall%2C_Lichfield_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1515107.jpg/330px-The_Guildhall%2C_Lichfield_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1515107.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/The_Guildhall%2C_Lichfield_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1515107.jpg/440px-The_Guildhall%2C_Lichfield_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1515107.jpg 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Guildhall" title="Lichfield Guildhall">Lichfield Guildhall</a>, completed in 1848</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Bower" title="Lichfield Bower">Lichfield Greenhill Bower</a> takes place annually on <a href="/wiki/Spring_Bank_Holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring Bank Holiday">Spring Bank Holiday</a>. Originating from a celebration that was held after the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Arraye" title="Court of Arraye">Court of Arraye</a> in the 12th century, the festival has evolved into its modern form, but has kept many of its ancient traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-bower_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bower-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a recreation of the Court of Arraye at the <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Guildhall" title="Lichfield Guildhall">Guildhall</a>, a procession of marching bands, <a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">morris men</a> and carnival floats makes its way through the city and the Bower Queen is crowned outside the Guildhall. There is a funfair in the city centre, and another fair and jamboree in <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Park" title="Beacon Park">Beacon Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bower_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bower-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Lichfield_Festival" title="The Lichfield Festival">The Lichfield Festival</a>, an international arts festival, has taken place every July for 30 years. The festival is a celebration of classical music, dance, drama, film, jazz, literature, poetry, visual arts and world music. Events take place at many venues around the city but centre on <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Cathedral" title="Lichfield Cathedral">Lichfield Cathedral</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Garrick_Theatre" title="Lichfield Garrick Theatre">Garrick Theatre</a>. Popular events include the medieval market in the Cathedral Close and the fireworks display which closes the festival.<sup id="cite_ref-lichfest_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lichfest-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Triennially the Lichfield <a href="/wiki/Mystery_Play" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystery Play">Mysteries</a>, the biggest community theatre event in the country, takes place at the cathedral and in the Market Place. It consists of a <a href="/wiki/Play_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Play cycle">cycle</a> of 24 medieval-style plays involving over 600 amateur actors.<sup id="cite_ref-lichmyst_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lichmyst-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other weekend summer festivals include the Lichfield <a href="/wiki/Folk_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk festival">Folk Festival</a><sup id="cite_ref-lichfolk_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lichfolk-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and The Lichfield <a href="/wiki/Cask_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Cask ale">Real Ale</a>, Jazz and Blues Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-lichale_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lichale-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lichfield Heritage Weekend, incorporating <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Dr Johnson's</a> Birthday Celebrations, takes place on the third weekend in September with a variety of civic events including live music and free historical tours of local landmarks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_facilities">Community facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Community facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beacon_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Beacon_Park.jpg/220px-Beacon_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Beacon_Park.jpg/330px-Beacon_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Beacon_Park.jpg/440px-Beacon_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2546" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Park" title="Beacon Park">Beacon Park</a>, in the city centre, hosts a wide range of community events.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are many parks, gardens and open spaces in the city. The city centre park is <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Park" title="Beacon Park">Beacon Park</a>, which hosts a range of community events and activities throughout the year. Also in the city centre are two lakes, <a href="/wiki/Minster_Pool" title="Minster Pool">Minster Pool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stowe_Pool" title="Stowe Pool">Stowe Pool</a>. The Garden of Remembrance, a memorial garden laid out in 1920 after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, is located on Bird Street. Many other parks are located on the outskirts of the city: these include Brownsfield Park, Darnford Park, Shortbutts Park, Stychbrook Park, Saddlers Wood and Christian Fields.<sup id="cite_ref-sssi_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sssi-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two public sports and leisure facilities in the city. Friary Grange Leisure Centre in the north-west of the city offers racket sports, a swimming pool, and sports hall and fitness gym. King Edward VI Leisure Centre in the south of the city offers racket sports, a sports hall and an <a href="/wiki/Artificial_turf" title="Artificial turf">artificial turf</a> pitch. </p><p>Lichfield Library and Record Office was located on the corner of St John Street and The Friary. The building also included an adult education centre and a small art gallery. The library occupied this building in 1989, when it moved from the Lichfield Free Library and Museum on Bird Street. The library moved into the newly renovated St Mary's church on Market Square in 2018 </p><p>The city is served by the Samuel Johnson Community Hospital located on Trent Valley Road. This hospital replaced the now-demolished Victoria Hospital in 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Local news and television programmes are provided by <a href="/wiki/BBC_West_Midlands" title="BBC West Midlands">BBC West Midlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Central" title="ITV Central">ITV Central</a>. Television signals are received from the <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield_transmitting_station" title="Sutton Coldfield transmitting station">Sutton Coldfield</a> transmitter.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's local radio stations are <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_WM" title="BBC Radio WM">BBC Radio WM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capital_Mid-Counties" title="Capital Mid-Counties">Capital Mid-Counties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart_West_Midlands" title="Heart West Midlands">Heart West Midlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_Birmingham_%26_The_West_Midlands" title="Greatest Hits Radio Birmingham & The West Midlands">Greatest Hits Radio Birmingham & The West Midlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smooth_West_Midlands" title="Smooth West Midlands">Smooth West Midlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_Radio_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Radio Birmingham">Free Radio Birmingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cannock_Chase_Radio_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannock Chase Radio FM">Cannock Chase Radio FM</a>, a community radio station that broadcast from <a href="/wiki/Cannock_Chase" title="Cannock Chase">Cannock Chase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local newspapers are <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Mercury" title="Lichfield Mercury">Lichfield Mercury</a> and Lichfield Live.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_of_interest">Places of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Places of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hospital_of_St_Johns.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Hospital_of_St_Johns.jpg/220px-Hospital_of_St_Johns.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Hospital_of_St_Johns.jpg/330px-Hospital_of_St_Johns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Hospital_of_St_Johns.jpg/440px-Hospital_of_St_Johns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2420" data-file-height="2212" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hospital_of_St_John_Baptist_without_the_Barrs" title="Hospital of St John Baptist without the Barrs">Hospital of St John Baptist without the Barrs</a> built in 1495 as an <a href="/wiki/Almshouse" title="Almshouse">almshouse</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_entrance_to_Cathedral_Close,_Lichfield,_with_Lichfield_Cathedral_in_the_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_entrance_to_Cathedral_Close%2C_Lichfield%2C_with_Lichfield_Cathedral_in_the_background.jpg/220px-The_entrance_to_Cathedral_Close%2C_Lichfield%2C_with_Lichfield_Cathedral_in_the_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_entrance_to_Cathedral_Close%2C_Lichfield%2C_with_Lichfield_Cathedral_in_the_background.jpg/330px-The_entrance_to_Cathedral_Close%2C_Lichfield%2C_with_Lichfield_Cathedral_in_the_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_entrance_to_Cathedral_Close%2C_Lichfield%2C_with_Lichfield_Cathedral_in_the_background.jpg/440px-The_entrance_to_Cathedral_Close%2C_Lichfield%2C_with_Lichfield_Cathedral_in_the_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The entrance to Cathedral Close at night, with Lichfield Cathedral in the background</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Library_and_Museum,_Bird_Street,_Lichfield_(6681161483).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Free_Library_and_Museum%2C_Bird_Street%2C_Lichfield_%286681161483%29.jpg/220px-Free_Library_and_Museum%2C_Bird_Street%2C_Lichfield_%286681161483%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Free_Library_and_Museum%2C_Bird_Street%2C_Lichfield_%286681161483%29.jpg/330px-Free_Library_and_Museum%2C_Bird_Street%2C_Lichfield_%286681161483%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Free_Library_and_Museum%2C_Bird_Street%2C_Lichfield_%286681161483%29.jpg/440px-Free_Library_and_Museum%2C_Bird_Street%2C_Lichfield_%286681161483%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The Free Library and Museum</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Cathedral" title="Lichfield Cathedral">Lichfield Cathedral</a> - The only medieval cathedral in Europe with three spires. The present building was started in 1195, and completed by the building of the Lady Chapel in the 1330s. It replaced a Norman building begun in 1085 which had replaced one, or possibly two, Saxon buildings from the seventh century.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Close,_Lichfield" title="Cathedral Close, Lichfield">Cathedral Close</a> - Surrounding the cathedral, the close contains many buildings of architectural interest.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson_Birthplace_Museum" title="Samuel Johnson Birthplace Museum">Samuel Johnson Birthplace Museum</a> - A museum to Samuel Johnson's life, work and personality.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Darwin_House" title="Erasmus Darwin House">Erasmus Darwin House</a> - Home to Erasmus Darwin, the house was restored to create a museum which opened to the public in 1999.</li> <li>The Hub at St Mary's - located in <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Lichfield" title="St Mary's Church, Lichfield">St Mary's Church</a> in the market square, it is a community hub and event venue which also houses the local library.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Guildhall" title="Lichfield Guildhall">Lichfield Guildhall</a> - a historic building in the centre of Lichfield, located in Bore Street, it has been central to the government of the city for over 600 years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Palace,_Lichfield" title="Bishop's Palace, Lichfield">Bishop's Palace</a> - Built in 1687, the palace was the residence of the Bishop of Lichfield until 1954; it is now used by the Cathedral School.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr_Milley%27s_Hospital" title="Dr Milley's Hospital">Dr Milley's Hospital</a> - Located on Beacon Street, it dates back to 1504 and was a women's hospital.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_of_St_John_Baptist_without_the_Barrs,_Lichfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital of St John Baptist without the Barrs, Lichfield">Hospital of St John Baptist without the Barrs</a> - A distinctive Tudor building with a row of eight brick chimneys. This was built outside the city walls (barrs) to provide accommodation for travellers arriving after the city gates were closed. It now provides homes for elderly people and has an adjacent Chapel.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_St_Chad,_Lichfield" class="mw-redirect" title="The Church of St Chad, Lichfield">Church of St Chad</a> - A 12th-century church, though extensively restored; near the church is a reconstruction of 'St Chad's Well', where the 7th-century churchman St Chad, <a href="/wiki/Ceadda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceadda">St Chad</a> is said to have prayed and baptised people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael_on_Greenhill" class="mw-redirect" title="St Michael on Greenhill">St Michael on Greenhill</a> - Overlooking the city, the ancient churchyard is one of the largest in the country at 9 acres (4 ha).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Lichfield" title="Christ Church, Lichfield">Christ Church</a> - An outstanding example of Victorian ecclesiastical architecture and a <a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade II* listed building">grade II* listed building</a>.</li> <li>The Market Square - In the centre of the city, the square contains two statues, one of Samuel Johnson overlooking the house in which he was born, and one of his great friend and biographer, <a href="/wiki/James_Boswell" title="James Boswell">James Boswell</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Park" title="Beacon Park">Beacon Park</a> - An 81-acre (33 ha) public park in the centre of the city, used for many sporting and recreational activities.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minster_Pool" title="Minster Pool">Minster Pool</a> & <a href="/wiki/Stowe_Pool" title="Stowe Pool">Stowe Pool</a> - The two lakes occupying 16 acres in the heart of Lichfield: Stowe Pool is designated a <a href="/wiki/Site_of_Special_Scientific_Interest" title="Site of Special Scientific Interest">SSSI</a> site as it is home to native White-Clawed Crayfish. By Stowe Pool stands Johnson's Willow, a descendant of the original enormous tree which was much admired and visited by Samuel Johnson. In 2021 the fifth incarnation of the tree was installed.<sup id="cite_ref-LDC2021_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LDC2021-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Franciscan_Friary,Lichfield" class="mw-redirect" title="The Franciscan Friary,Lichfield">The Franciscan Friary</a> - The ruins of the former Friary in Lichfield, now classed as a <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monument" title="Scheduled monument">Scheduled Ancient Monument</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Clock_Tower" title="Lichfield Clock Tower">Lichfield Clock Tower</a> - A Grade II listed 19th century clock tower, located south of Festival Gardens.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letocetum" title="Letocetum">Letocetum</a> - The remains of a Roman staging post and bath house, in the village of <a href="/wiki/Wall,_Staffordshire" title="Wall, Staffordshire">Wall</a>, 3.5 km (2.2 mi) south of the city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Regiment_Museum" title="Staffordshire Regiment Museum">Staffordshire Regiment Museum</a> - 2.5 miles (4 km) east of the city in <a href="/wiki/Whittington,_Staffordshire" title="Whittington, Staffordshire">Whittington</a>, the museum covers the regiment's history, activities and members, and includes photographs, uniforms, weapons, medals, artefacts, memorabilia and regimental regalia. Outdoors is a replica trench from World War I, and several armoured fighting vehicles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Memorial_Arboretum" title="National Memorial Arboretum">National Memorial Arboretum</a> - 4 miles (6 km) north east of the city in <a href="/wiki/Alrewas" title="Alrewas">Alrewas</a>, the Arboretum is a national site of remembrance and contains many memorials to the armed services.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LichCityStation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LichCityStation.jpg/220px-LichCityStation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LichCityStation.jpg/330px-LichCityStation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LichCityStation.jpg/440px-LichCityStation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3647" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_City_railway_station" title="Lichfield City railway station">Lichfield City station</a> is one of the two railway stations in Lichfield</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lichfield_Canal_Water.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Lichfield_Canal_Water.jpg/220px-Lichfield_Canal_Water.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Lichfield_Canal_Water.jpg/330px-Lichfield_Canal_Water.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Lichfield_Canal_Water.jpg/440px-Lichfield_Canal_Water.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4613" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The first section of <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Canal" title="Lichfield Canal">Lichfield Canal</a> to be re-watered on Tamworth Road</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lichfield is served by two railway stations: <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_City_railway_station" title="Lichfield City railway station">Lichfield City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Trent_Valley_railway_station" title="Lichfield Trent Valley railway station">Lichfield Trent Valley</a>, both built by the <a href="/wiki/London_and_North_Western_Railway" title="London and North Western Railway">London and North Western Railway</a>. These stations are now on the <a href="/wiki/Cross-City_Line" title="Cross-City Line">Cross-City Line</a> to <a href="/wiki/Redditch_railway_station" title="Redditch railway station">Redditch</a> via <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham New Street railway station">Birmingham</a>. Additionally, Trent Valley station is on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line" title="West Coast Main Line">West Coast Main Line</a> with semi-fast services between <a href="/wiki/Euston_railway_station" title="Euston railway station">London Euston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent_railway_station" title="Stoke-on-Trent railway station">Stoke-on-Trent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stafford_railway_station" title="Stafford railway station">Stafford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crewe_railway_station" title="Crewe railway station">Crewe</a>. Despite being north of Birmingham, trains to London Euston can take as little as 1 hour 9 minutes. Lichfield City is located in the city centre and Lichfield Trent Valley is located 0.85 mi (1.37 km) or 20 minutes walk north-east of the city centre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses">Buses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Buses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lichfield has regular bus services in and around the city, in addition to longer distance services. The bus station is located on Birmingham Road, opposite Lichfield City railway station, although as part of the Friarsgate development plans have been approved for it to be moved next to the railway station. <a href="/wiki/Arriva_Midlands" title="Arriva Midlands">Arriva Midlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diamond_East_Midlands" title="Diamond East Midlands">Diamond East Midlands</a> (formerly Midland Classic), <a href="/wiki/Chaserider" title="Chaserider">Chaserider</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Express_West_Midlands" title="National Express West Midlands">National Express West Midlands</a> are the main bus operators in Lichfield. These companies run regular services to <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aldridge" title="Aldridge">Aldridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brownhills" title="Brownhills">Brownhills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burntwood" title="Burntwood">Burntwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugeley" title="Rugeley">Rugeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burton_upon_Trent" title="Burton upon Trent">Burton upon Trent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stafford" title="Stafford">Stafford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield" title="Sutton Coldfield">Sutton Coldfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamworth,_Staffordshire" title="Tamworth, Staffordshire">Tamworth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walsall" title="Walsall">Walsall</a>. Service X12 to Burton also operates on Sundays with funding from the Roman Heights housing development. </p><p>Lichfield has college services for the <a href="/wiki/Rodbaston" title="Rodbaston">Rodbaston</a> campus of <a href="/wiki/South_Staffordshire_College" title="South Staffordshire College">South Staffordshire College</a>, run by Diamond East Midlands, and school-only journeys for local high schools. Seasonal bus routes run for Boots and Amazon employees only are usually operated by Diamond East Midlands and National Express West Midlands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lichfield is centrally located on the <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Roads in the United Kingdom">UK road network</a>. Historically, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_roads_in_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman roads in Britain">Roman roads</a> of <a href="/wiki/Watling_Street" title="Watling Street">Watling Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Icknield_Street" title="Icknield Street">Ryknild Street</a> crossed 2 mi (3.2 km) south of the city at <a href="/wiki/Letocetum" title="Letocetum">Letocetum</a>; today, they follow much of the same routes as the <a href="/wiki/A5_road_(Great_Britain)" title="A5 road (Great Britain)">A5</a> and <a href="/wiki/A38_road" title="A38 road">A38</a>. The A5 runs west towards <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and south-east towards <a href="/wiki/Tamworth,_Staffordshire" title="Tamworth, Staffordshire">Tamworth</a>. The A38 runs south to Birmingham and north-east to <a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a>. Running along the western perimeter of the city is the <a href="/wiki/A51_road" title="A51 road">A51 road</a>, which runs north to Chester and south-east to Tamworth. The nearest motorway junction is T5 of the <a href="/wiki/M6_Toll" title="M6 Toll">M6 Toll</a>, located 2 mi (3.2 km) south of the city. Junction 9 of the <a href="/wiki/M42_motorway" title="M42 motorway">M42</a> and junction 4A of the <a href="/wiki/M6_motorway" title="M6 motorway">M6</a> are 12 mi (19 km) and 15 mi (24 km) to the south respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canal">Canal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Canal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Canal" title="Lichfield Canal">Lichfield Canal</a> was historically part of the <a href="/wiki/Wyrley_and_Essington_Canal" title="Wyrley and Essington Canal">Wyrley and Essington Canal</a> and ran south of the city from 1797 until it was abandoned in 1955. Starting in the 1990s, a works programme started to restore the canal along much of its original route and make it navigable by 2025. As of 2011, none of the 7 mi (11 km) stretch of canal is navigable. The nearest navigable canal to Lichfield is the <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Canal" title="Coventry Canal">Coventry Canal</a> which runs through <a href="/wiki/Streethay" title="Streethay">Streethay</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two nearby airports serve Lichfield: <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Airport" title="Birmingham Airport">Birmingham Airport</a> is 20 mi (32 km) to the south and <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Airport" title="East Midlands Airport">East Midlands Airport</a> is 34 mi (55 km) to the north-east. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lichfield_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lichfield_Campus.jpg/220px-Lichfield_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lichfield_Campus.jpg/330px-Lichfield_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lichfield_Campus.jpg/440px-Lichfield_Campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3150" data-file-height="2178" /></a><figcaption>The main entrance to the Lichfield Campus of <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Staffordshire University">Staffordshire University</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maple_Hayes_School.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Maple_Hayes_School.png/220px-Maple_Hayes_School.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Maple_Hayes_School.png/330px-Maple_Hayes_School.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Maple_Hayes_School.png/440px-Maple_Hayes_School.png 2x" data-file-width="3608" data-file-height="2704" /></a><figcaption>Maple Hayes School for Dyslexics (2018).</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to nine <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary schools</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Infant_school" title="Infant school">infant school</a>, Lichfield has three secondary schools: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Friary_School" title="The Friary School">The Friary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VI_School,_Lichfield" title="King Edward VI School, Lichfield">King Edward VI School</a> (<i>formerly Lichfield Grammar School</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nether_Stowe_School" title="Nether Stowe School">Nether Stowe School</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">comprehensive school</a> with specialist <a href="/wiki/Maths" class="mw-redirect" title="Maths">Maths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">Computing</a> college status</li></ul> <p>There are two independent schools: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Cathedral_School" title="Lichfield Cathedral School">Lichfield Cathedral School</a>: A co-educational school for ages 3 to 18, based in the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Close,_Lichfield" title="Cathedral Close, Lichfield">Cathedral Close</a> and <a href="/wiki/Longdon,_Staffordshire" title="Longdon, Staffordshire">Longdon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_Hayes" title="Maple Hayes">Maple Hayes School</a>: A DfES Approved Special School for dyslexic children.</li></ul> <p>The Lichfield campus of <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Staffordshire University">Staffordshire University</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Staffordshire_College" title="South Staffordshire College">South Staffordshire College</a> is located on the Friary. This campus facility was opened in 1998 and offers further and higher education courses up to and including master's degrees. A £3 million school of art, design and media, housed in purpose-built accommodation, opened in 2006. This facility received the highest possible grade of 'outstanding provision' in the latest <a href="/wiki/Ofsted" title="Ofsted">Ofsted</a> inspection report.<sup id="cite_ref-ssclc_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssclc-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion_and_beliefs">Religion and beliefs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Religion and beliefs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="float:right; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Religion </th> <th>Percentage of <br />population </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> </td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> </td> <td>66.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> </td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> </td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a> </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a> </td> <td>24.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>No answer </td> <td>6.8% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some 66.5% of the people in the Lichfield parish area polled as part of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2011">2011 Census</a> described themselves as Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-2011census_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lichfield has held a religious importance since St Chad became the first <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lichfield" title="Bishop of Lichfield">Bishop of Lichfield</a> and built a monastery in 669 AD. After Chad's death in 672 AD he was buried in an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> church which later became part of <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Cathedral" title="Lichfield Cathedral">Lichfield Cathedral</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a> predominates, with three parishes as well as the cathedral. <a href="/wiki/St_Michael_on_Greenhill,_Lichfield" title="St Michael on Greenhill, Lichfield">St Michael's</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Lichfield" title="St Mary's Church, Lichfield">St Mary's</a> serve one parish and <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Lichfield" title="Christ Church, Lichfield">Christ Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_St_Chad,_Lichfield" class="mw-redirect" title="The Church of St Chad, Lichfield">St Chad's</a> serve the other two. Lichfield is within the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lichfield" title="Diocese of Lichfield">Diocese of Lichfield</a> and represented by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ipgrave" title="Michael Ipgrave">Michael Ipgrave</a>, the current <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lichfield" title="Bishop of Lichfield">Bishop of Lichfield</a>. </p><p>There are two <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> churches, Holy Cross and SS Peter & Paul, which are part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Birmingham" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Birmingham">Archdiocese of Birmingham</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> has a meeting house on Purcell Avenue on the north side of the city. In the city centre there is a <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Methodist</a> church and Wade Street Church, which is a <a href="/wiki/United_Reformed_Church" title="United Reformed Church">United Reformed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a> church. There is a <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a> Church under the name Emmanuel Christian Centre in Nether Stowe and the <a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphian</a> Hall on Station Road. <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> have a Kingdom Hall on Lombard Street. </p><p>There are five <a href="/wiki/Faith_school" title="Faith school">faith schools</a> in the city, all of which are primary schools. St Michael's C of E School, Christ Church C of E School and St Chad's C of E (VC) School are all Church of England faith schools. St Joseph's RC School and SS Peter & Paul School are Roman Catholic faith schools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically <a href="/wiki/Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby Union">rugby</a> was more popular in the city than <a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">football</a> largely due to the fact that it was the main sport at <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VI_School_(Lichfield)" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VI School (Lichfield)">Lichfield Grammar School</a>. However, both sports have remained at amateur level. <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Rugby_Union_Football_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichfield Rugby Union Football Club">Lichfield Rugby Union Football Club</a> was founded in 1874. As of the 2011–12 season they play in the <a href="/wiki/Midlands_1_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Midlands 1 West">Midlands 1 West</a> League, which is the 6th level of the <a href="/wiki/English_rugby_union_system" title="English rugby union system">English Rugby Union system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team plays at Cooke Fields, located south east of the city on Tamworth Road, behind the Horse and Jockey public house. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_City_F.C." title="Lichfield City F.C.">Lichfield City</a> play in the Premier Division of the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Football_League_(2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Midland Football League (2014)">Midland Football League</a> after promotion in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1st team play at Brownsfield Park. LCFC are an FA Charter Community club with teams from under 7s to adults. </p><p>AFC Lichfield are an FA Chartered Standard community youth football club and currently have teams playing in the Lichfield & District Recreational League at all levels from under 6 to under 18. AFC Lichfield also boast a football academy offering FA coaching to boys and girls aged 4–8 years. </p><p>Lichfield Diamonds LFC is at the forefront of girls' football in Staffordshire, being the first all female club to achieve Charter Standard Status. The team plays at the Collins Hill Sports Ground. </p><p>The Wandering Angels, a team from Lichfield in Staffordshire took part in the first known Women's FA Cup Match on 1 November 1970 against Leicester City Supporters Ladies FC. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Cricket_Club" title="Lichfield Cricket Club">Lichfield Cricket Club</a> currently play in the Third Division of the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_and_District_Premier_League" title="Birmingham and District Premier League">Birmingham and District Premier League</a>. They also play at the Collins Hill Sports Ground.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lichfield Hockey Club is a <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">field hockey</a> club based at Collins Hill Sports Ground on Eastern Avenue, and competes in the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Regional_Hockey_Association" title="Midland Regional Hockey Association">Midlands Hockey League</a>. On 21 March 2015 the men's 1st team won the league with a 3–2 win over Barton, meaning they gained promotion to <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_England_Hockey_League" title="Men's England Hockey League">Men's England Hockey League</a> for the 2015/16 season.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lichfield is served by four <a href="/wiki/Golf_course" title="Golf course">golf courses</a>, including the local authority 18-hole course at <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Park" title="Beacon Park">Beacon Park</a>. The others are: Darnford Moors Golf Club, a new facility in the south of the city which provides a 9-hole pay and play facility, and the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rock" title="Robert Rock">Robert Rock</a> Academy, a <a href="/wiki/Driving_range" title="Driving range">driving range</a> and coaching academy;<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lichfield Country Club, based in <a href="/wiki/Elmhurst,_Staffordshire" title="Elmhurst, Staffordshire">Elmhurst</a>, which boasts an 18-hole par 72 championship course and the <a href="/wiki/English_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="English Midlands">Midlands</a>' first American-specification 9 hole par 3 course; and Whittington Heath Golf Club, an 18-hole par 70 course south-east of the city, laid out on <a href="/wiki/Heath_(habitat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heath (habitat)">heathland</a> and woodland. </p><p>Lichfield Archers were formed over 40 years ago and shoot at Christian Fields, where they have 20-yard indoor and 100-yard outdoor ranges. Apart from club competitions, the club also holds Inter-County and Inter-Club shoots and have held the Staffordshire Outdoor Championshipe at Christian Fields.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Lichfeldians">Notable Lichfeldians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notable Lichfeldians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elias_Ashmole_by_John_Riley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Elias_Ashmole_by_John_Riley.jpg/140px-Elias_Ashmole_by_John_Riley.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Elias_Ashmole_by_John_Riley.jpg/210px-Elias_Ashmole_by_John_Riley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Elias_Ashmole_by_John_Riley.jpg/280px-Elias_Ashmole_by_John_Riley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2973" /></a><figcaption>Elias Ashmole</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edvardus_Wetenhall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Edvardus_Wetenhall.jpg/140px-Edvardus_Wetenhall.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Edvardus_Wetenhall.jpg/210px-Edvardus_Wetenhall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Edvardus_Wetenhall.jpg/280px-Edvardus_Wetenhall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1023" /></a><figcaption>Edvardus Wetenhall</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Erasmus_Darwin_by_Joseph_Wright_of_Derby_(1792).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Portrait_of_Erasmus_Darwin_by_Joseph_Wright_of_Derby_%281792%29.jpg/140px-Portrait_of_Erasmus_Darwin_by_Joseph_Wright_of_Derby_%281792%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Portrait_of_Erasmus_Darwin_by_Joseph_Wright_of_Derby_%281792%29.jpg/210px-Portrait_of_Erasmus_Darwin_by_Joseph_Wright_of_Derby_%281792%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Portrait_of_Erasmus_Darwin_by_Joseph_Wright_of_Derby_%281792%29.jpg/280px-Portrait_of_Erasmus_Darwin_by_Joseph_Wright_of_Derby_%281792%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="725" /></a><figcaption>Erasmus Darwin, 1792</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_Seward_by_Tilly_Kettle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Anna_Seward_by_Tilly_Kettle.jpg/140px-Anna_Seward_by_Tilly_Kettle.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Anna_Seward_by_Tilly_Kettle.jpg/210px-Anna_Seward_by_Tilly_Kettle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Anna_Seward_by_Tilly_Kettle.jpg/280px-Anna_Seward_by_Tilly_Kettle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2913" /></a><figcaption>Anna Seward</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Salt00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Henry_Salt00.jpg/140px-Henry_Salt00.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Henry_Salt00.jpg/210px-Henry_Salt00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Henry_Salt00.jpg/280px-Henry_Salt00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>Henry Salt</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceatta" title="Ceatta">Ceatta</a> of Lichfield, an obscure 11th century Anglo Saxon saint of the Catholic Church.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16th_century">16th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: 16th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wightman" title="Edward Wightman">Edward Wightman</a> (1566–1612), last person in England to be burnt at the stake for heresy, in the Market Place of Lichfield.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gennings" title="Edmund Gennings">Edmund Gennings</a> (1567–1591), Jesuit priest<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and martyr</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17th_century">17th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: 17th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Minors" title="Thomas Minors">Thomas Minors</a> (1609–1677) merchant, politician, MP<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 1654 to 1660 and <i>commissioner for scandalous ministers</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Biddulph_(died_1666)" title="Michael Biddulph (died 1666)">Michael Biddulph</a> (1610–1666) elected MP<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Lichfield (UK Parliament constituency)">Lichfield</a> in 1660 in the Convention Parliament</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Ashmole" title="Elias Ashmole">Elias Ashmole</a> (1617–1692), antiquary, politician,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> astrologer and alchemist. founder of <a href="/wiki/Ashmolean_Museum" title="Ashmolean Museum">Ashmolean Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wetenhall" title="Edward Wetenhall">Edward Wetenhall</a> (1636–1713), English bishop<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_King" title="Gregory King">Gregory King</a> (1648–1712), genealogist,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> engraver and statistician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Floyer_(physician)" title="John Floyer (physician)">John Floyer</a> (1649 in <a href="/wiki/Hints,_Staffordshire" title="Hints, Staffordshire">Hints</a> – 1734), physician<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dyott_(died_1719)" title="Richard Dyott (died 1719)">Richard Dyott</a> (1667–1719) elected MP<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Lichfield (UK Parliament constituency)">Lichfield</a> 1690/1695, re-elected 1698/1708, elected again 1710/1715</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Addison" title="Joseph Addison">Joseph Addison</a> (1672–1719), essayist,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> poet, playwright, and politician.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Walmisley" title="Gilbert Walmisley">Gilbert Walmisley</a> (1680–1751), barrister,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> friend of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a>, buried in a vault near the south side of <a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Cathedral" title="Lichfield Cathedral">Lichfield Cathedral</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Levett" title="Theophilus Levett">Theophilus Levett</a> (1693–1746), attorney, town clerk of Lichfield, politician and landowner,</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_century">18th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: 18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Wyatt_(inventor)" title="John Wyatt (inventor)">John Wyatt</a> (1700–1766), inventor, particularly of a <a href="/wiki/Spinning_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinning machine">spinning machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Newton" title="Thomas Newton">Thomas Newton</a> (1704–1782), cleric, biblical scholar and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Bristol" title="Bishop of Bristol">Bishop of Bristol</a>, 1761 to 1782.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a> (1709–1784), often referred to as <i>Dr Johnson</i>, was an English writer, poet, playwright, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor, and lexicographer<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Greene_(antiquary)" title="Richard Greene (antiquary)">Richard Greene</a> (1716–1793) <a href="/wiki/Antiquary" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquary">antiquary</a> and<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> collector of curiosities.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Garrick" title="David Garrick">David Garrick</a> (1717–1779), actor,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> playwright, producer and theatre manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Darwin" title="Erasmus Darwin">Erasmus Darwin</a> (1731–1802), scientist,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inventor<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and grandfather<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Seward" title="Anna Seward">Anna Seward</a> (1742–1809), romantic poet,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> memorialist and letter writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lovell_Edgeworth" title="Richard Lovell Edgeworth">Richard Lovell Edgeworth</a> (1744–1817), politician,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> writer, inventor, lived at Stowe House</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Houlbrooke" title="Theophilus Houlbrooke">Theophilus Houlbrooke</a> (1745–1824), minister and amateur botanist, President of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Athenaeum" title="Liverpool Athenaeum">Liverpool Athenaeum</a> from 1809 to 1813</li> <li>General <a href="/wiki/Richard_Vyse" title="Richard Vyse">Richard Vyse</a> (1746–1825), general<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and MP for <a href="/wiki/Beverley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Beverley (UK Parliament constituency)">Beverley</a> in 1806</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Potter_(architect)" title="Joseph Potter (architect)">Joseph Potter</a> (1756–1842) architect and builder, considerable practice in Staffordshire and neighbouring counties</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Day_(writer)" title="Thomas Day (writer)">Thomas Day</a> (1748–1789), author and abolitionist,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lived for a time at Stowe House</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Salt_(Egyptologist)" title="Henry Salt (Egyptologist)">Henry Salt</a> (1780–1827), antiquarian;<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gave Egyptian collection to the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral of the Fleet">Admiral of the Fleet</a> <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Parker,_1st_Baronet,_of_Shenstone" title="Sir William Parker, 1st Baronet, of Shenstone">Sir William Parker, 1st Baronet, of Shenstone</a> (1781–1866), a<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Royal Navy officer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hewitt_(antiquary)" title="John Hewitt (antiquary)">John Hewitt</a> (1807–1878), <a href="/wiki/Antiquarian" title="Antiquarian">antiquarian</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fowler_(architect)" title="James Fowler (architect)">James Fowler</a> (1828–1892), aka "Fowler of Louth",<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Victorian ecclesiastical architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Garnett_(writer)" title="Richard Garnett (writer)">Richard Garnett</a> (1835–1906), scholar,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> librarian, biographer and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Noel_Hartley" title="Walter Noel Hartley">Walter Noel Hartley</a> (1845–1913), chemist<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">spectroscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_King" title="Frederic King">Frederic King</a> (1853–1933), baritone</li> <li>Lieutenant-Colonel <a href="/wiki/Michael_Swinfen-Broun" title="Michael Swinfen-Broun">Michael Swinfen-Broun</a> JP (1858–1948), soldier, magistrate, <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Staffordshire" title="High Sheriff of Staffordshire">High Sheriff</a> and Deputy Lieutenant of Staffordshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Alice_Eleanor_Richards" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Alice Eleanor Richards">Mary Alice Eleanor Richards</a> (1885–1977), British botanist and prolific collector of <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambian</a> plants</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Lieber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Michael_Lieber.jpg/140px-Michael_Lieber.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Michael_Lieber.jpg/210px-Michael_Lieber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Michael_Lieber.jpg/280px-Michael_Lieber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="1736" /></a><figcaption>Michael Lieber</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Julian_Arguelles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Julian_Arguelles.jpg/140px-Julian_Arguelles.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Julian_Arguelles.jpg/210px-Julian_Arguelles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Julian_Arguelles.jpg/280px-Julian_Arguelles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Julian Arguelles</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siobhan_Dillon_West_End_Live_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Siobhan_Dillon_West_End_Live_2010.jpg/140px-Siobhan_Dillon_West_End_Live_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Siobhan_Dillon_West_End_Live_2010.jpg/210px-Siobhan_Dillon_West_End_Live_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Siobhan_Dillon_West_End_Live_2010.jpg/280px-Siobhan_Dillon_West_End_Live_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="2754" /></a><figcaption>Siobhan Dillon 2010</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_Steele-Bodger" title="Alasdair Steele-Bodger">Alasdair Steele-Bodger</a> (1924–2008), veterinary surgeon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Horseman" title="Elaine Horseman">Elaine Horseman</a> (1925–1999), author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Alva_Parsons" title="Denis Alva Parsons">Denis Alva Parsons</a> (1934–2012), sculptor<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Laskey" title="Michael Laskey">Michael Laskey</a> (born 1944), poet<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and editor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Christie" title="Tony Christie">Tony Christie</a> (born 1943), singer<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hinch_(musician)" title="John Hinch (musician)">John Hinch</a> (1947–2021) drummer, original drummer of <a href="/wiki/Judas_Priest" title="Judas Priest">Judas Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lillywhite" title="Louis Lillywhite">Lieutenant General Louis Lillywhite</a> (born 1948) retired British Army physician,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Surgeon-General_(United_Kingdom)" title="Surgeon-General (United Kingdom)">Surgeon-General</a> 2006/2009</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Ford_(writer)" title="Phil Ford (writer)">Phil Ford</a> (born 1950), television writer<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lambert_(author)" title="Charles Lambert (author)">Charles Lambert</a> (born 1953) novelist and short-story writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Allinson" title="Richard Allinson">Richard Allinson</a> (born 1958), broadcaster, early morning weekend show on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">BBC Radio 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Charles_Manners" title="David Charles Manners">David Charles Manners</a> (born 1965), theatre designer, author and charity founder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Thwaite" title="Mark Thwaite">Mark Thwaite</a> (born 1965), guitarist with rock bands <a href="/wiki/The_Mission_(band)" title="The Mission (band)">The Mission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tricky_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricky (musician)">Tricky</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Peter_Murphy_(musician)" title="Peter Murphy (musician)">Peter Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Arg%C3%BCelles" title="Julian Argüelles">Julian Argüelles</a> (born 1966), jazz<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> saxophonist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Baxendale" title="Helen Baxendale">Helen Baxendale</a> (born 1970), actress<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richie_Edwards" title="Richie Edwards">Richie Edwards</a> (born 1974), bassist with rock bands <a href="/wiki/The_Darkness_(band)" title="The Darkness (band)">the Darkness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stone_Gods" title="Stone Gods">Stone Gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Poynton" title="Adrian Poynton">Adrian Poynton</a> (born 1979), screenwriter,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> playwright and stand-up comedian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sian_Brooke" class="mw-redirect" title="Sian Brooke">Sian Brooke</a> (born 1980), actress<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryn_Fowler" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryn Fowler">Bryn Fowler</a> (born 1982), musician, bassist and backing vocalist in the band <a href="/wiki/The_Holloways" title="The Holloways">the Holloways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siobhan_Dillon" title="Siobhan Dillon">Siobhan Dillon</a> (born 1984), singer<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Stokes-Chapman" title="Susan Stokes-Chapman">Susan Stokes-Chapman</a> (born 1985), novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lieber" title="Michael Lieber">Michael Lieber</a> (born 1988), novelist (alumnus of Lichfield's <a href="/wiki/Maple_Hayes" title="Maple Hayes">Maple Hayes Hall</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Bucks_Herald_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bucks_Herald-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport_2">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Skelton" title="Tommy Skelton">Tommy Skelton</a> (1856–1900), jockey, rode the winner of the Grand National 1886, <i>Old Joe</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roly_Harper" title="Roly Harper">Roly Harper</a> (1881–1949), professional footballer, born in Lichfield</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_George" title="Noel George">Noel George</a> (1897–1929), goalkeeper<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton_Wanderers_F.C." title="Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.">Wolves</a>, died of a disease of the gums</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Pearman_(cricketer)" title="Roger Pearman (cricketer)">Roger Pearman</a> (1943–2009), cricketer and cricket administrator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Leadbitter" title="Tom Leadbitter">Tom Leadbitter</a> (1945–1995), scrambles, motorcycle speedway and grasstrack rider</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robinson_(cricketer)" title="Jason Robinson (cricketer)">Jason Robinson</a> (born 1965), cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Wright_(footballer,_born_1972)" title="Ian Wright (footballer, born 1972)">Ian Wright</a> (born 1972) former footballer,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 347 pro appearances</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Ryder" title="Stuart Ryder">Stuart Ryder</a> (born 1973), former <a href="/wiki/Walsall_F.C." title="Walsall F.C.">Walsall F.C.</a> and England U21 footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Wilcox_(racing_driver)" title="Adam Wilcox (racing driver)">Adam Wilcox</a> (born 1976), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rock" title="Robert Rock">Robert Rock</a> (born 1977), professional golfer on the <a href="/wiki/PGA_European_Tour" title="PGA European Tour">PGA European Tour</a>, formerly a coach at Swingers Golf Centre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Mason_(motorcycle_racer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gary Mason (motorcycle racer)">Gary Mason</a> (born 1979), motorcycle racer in the <a href="/wiki/British_Superbike_Championship" title="British Superbike Championship">British Superbike Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Austin_(judoka)" title="James Austin (judoka)">James Austin</a> (born 1983) judoka, competed at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Christodoulou" title="Adam Christodoulou">Adam Christodoulou</a> (born 1989), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freya_Gregory" title="Freya Gregory">Freya Gregory</a> (born 2003), footballer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twinnings">Twinnings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Twinnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, to try and help prevent another global conflict and to ease relations between, and stop prejudices against nations, the City of Lichfield was twinned with:<sup id="cite_ref-auto_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Limburg_an_der_Lahn" title="Limburg an der Lahn">Limburg an der Lahn</a>, Germany</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Foy-l%C3%A8s-Lyon" title="Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon">Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon</a>, France</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Daily newspapers from Limburg and Sainte-Foy are available at Lichfield Library.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Staffordshire_Flag.svg/32px-Staffordshire_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Staffordshire_Flag.svg/48px-Staffordshire_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Staffordshire_Flag.svg/64px-Staffordshire_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="319" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Staffordshire" title="Portal:Staffordshire">Staffordshire portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/64px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beaux%27_Stratagem" title="The Beaux' Stratagem">The Beaux' Stratagem</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/George_Farquhar" title="George Farquhar">George Farquhar</a>, play set in Lichfield in 1707</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lichfield" title="Bishop of Lichfield">Bishops of Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Lichfield" title="Earl of Lichfield">Earl of Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Lichfield" title="Listed buildings in Lichfield">Listed buildings in Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrick_Theatre_(Lichfield)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garrick Theatre (Lichfield)">Garrick Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_England_Way" title="Heart of England Way">Heart of England Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Bower" title="Lichfield Bower">Lichfield Bower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Canal" title="Lichfield Canal">Lichfield Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Cricket_Club" title="Lichfield Cricket Club">Lichfield Cricket Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Gospels" title="Lichfield Gospels">The Lichfield Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Rugby_Union_Football_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichfield Rugby Union Football Club">Lichfield Rugby Union Football Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Lichfield" title="RAF Lichfield">RAF Lichfield</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724162428/http://www.lichfield.gov.uk/cc-statistics.ihtml">"Lichfield City Council - Statistics"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lichfield.gov.uk/cc-statistics.ihtml">the original</a> on 24 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lichfield+City+Council+-+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lichfield.gov.uk%2Fcc-statistics.ihtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100403045115/http://www.ons.gov.uk/about-statistics/geography/products/geog-products-area/names-codes/administrative/index.html">"Names and codes for Administrative Geography"</a>. Office for National Statistics. 31 December 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/about-statistics/geography/products/geog-products-area/names-codes/administrative/index.html">the original</a> on 3 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Names+and+codes+for+Administrative+Geography&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2008-12-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fabout-statistics%2Fgeography%2Fproducts%2Fgeog-products-area%2Fnames-codes%2Fadministrative%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lichfield.gov.uk/Statistics_749.aspx">"Statistics - Lichfield City Council"</a>. <i>www.lichfield.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lichfield.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Statistics+-+Lichfield+City+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lichfield.gov.uk%2FStatistics_749.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42340"><i>Lichfield: The place and street names, population and boundaries ', A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 14: Lichfield</i></a>. 1990. pp. 37–42. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526054813/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42340">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lichfield%3A+The+place+and+street+names%2C+population+and+boundaries+%27%2C+A+History+of+the+County+of+Stafford%3A+Volume+14%3A+Lichfield&rft.pages=37-42&rft.date=1990&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D42340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063744/http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Staffordshire/Lichfield">"Lichfield"</a>. <i>Key to English Place Names</i>. Institute for Name Studies, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">University of Nottingham</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Staffordshire/Lichfield">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Key+to+English+Place+Names&rft.atitle=Lichfield&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkepn.nottingham.ac.uk%2Fmap%2Fplace%2FStaffordshire%2FLichfield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoatesBreeze2000" class="citation book cs1">Coates, Richard; Breeze, Andrew (2000). <i>Celtic Voices, English Places: Studies of the Celtic Impact on Place-Names in Britain</i>. Stamford: Tyas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1900289415" title="Special:BookSources/1900289415"><bdi>1900289415</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Voices%2C+English+Places%3A+Studies+of+the+Celtic+Impact+on+Place-Names+in+Britain&rft.place=Stamford&rft.pub=Tyas&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1900289415&rft.aulast=Coates&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Breeze%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sims-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sims_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Sims-Williams1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dating_the_Transition_to_Neo-Brittonic:_Phonology_and_History,_400-600&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dating the Transition to Neo-Brittonic: Phonology and History, 400-600 (page does not exist)">Patrick Sims-Williams</a> (1990). "2". In Alfred Bammesberger (ed.). <i>Britain 400–600: Language and History</i>. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag. p. 260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-533-04271-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-533-04271-5"><bdi>3-533-04271-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2&rft.btitle=Britain+400%E2%80%93600%3A+Language+and+History&rft.place=Heidelberg&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=Carl+Winter+Universit%C3%A4tsverlag&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=3-533-04271-5&rft.au=Patrick+Sims-Williams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSargent2020" class="citation book cs1">Sargent, Andrew (2020). <i>Lichfield and the Lands of St Chad</i>. University of Hertfordshire Press. pp. Pages 90, 264. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-912260-24-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-912260-24-9"><bdi>978-1-912260-24-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lichfield+and+the+Lands+of+St+Chad&rft.pages=Pages+90%2C+264&rft.pub=University+of+Hertfordshire+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-912260-24-9&rft.aulast=Sargent&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Douglas. <i>VCH Staffordshire</i> (Volume 14, page 38 ed.). Greenslade.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=VCH+Staffordshire&rft.edition=Volume+14%2C+page+38&rft.pub=Greenslade&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hanks, Patrick; Hodges, Flavia (2002). <i>The Oxford Names Companion</i>. Oxford University Press; p. 1107. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0198605617" title="Special:BookSources/0198605617">0198605617</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatts2004" class="citation book cs1">Watts, Victor, ed. (2004). <i>The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names, Based on the Collections of the English Place-Name Society</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521168557" title="Special:BookSources/9780521168557"><bdi>9780521168557</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Dictionary+of+English+Place-Names%2C+Based+on+the+Collections+of+the+English+Place-Name+Society&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780521168557&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span>, s.v. <i>Lichfield</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Delamarre-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Delamarre_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Delamarre_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelamarre2012" class="citation book cs1">Delamarre, Xavier (2012). <i>Noms de lieux celtiques de l'europe ancienne (-500/+500): Dictionnaire</i>. Arles, France: Éditions Errance. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87772-483-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87772-483-8"><bdi>978-2-87772-483-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Noms+de+lieux+celtiques+de+l%27europe+ancienne+%28-500%2F%2B500%29%3A+Dictionnaire&rft.place=Arles%2C+France&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Errance&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-2-87772-483-8&rft.aulast=Delamarre&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42340">"Explaining the origin of the 'field of the dead' legend"</a>. British History Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526054813/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42340">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explaining+the+origin+of+the+%27field+of+the+dead%27+legend&rft.pub=British+History+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D42340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-staf-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-staf_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-staf_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-staf_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenslade1990" class="citation cs2">Greenslade, M.W. (1990), <i>A History of the County of Stafford: Volume XIV: Lichfield</i>, Victoria County History, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-722778-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-722778-7"><bdi>978-0-19-722778-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+County+of+Stafford%3A+Volume+XIV%3A+Lichfield&rft.pub=Victoria+County+History&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-19-722778-7&rft.aulast=Greenslade&rft.aufirst=M.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius</a> (<abbr title="Traditional attribution">attrib.</abbr>). <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a> (<abbr title="Editor">ed.</abbr>). <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Historia_Brittonum#VI._CIVITATES_BRITANNIAE" class="extiw" title="s:la:Historia Brittonum"><i>Historia Brittonum</i>, VI.</a> Composed after AD 830. <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span> Hosted at <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Main_Page" class="extiw" title="s:la:Main Page">Latin Wikisource</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-british-history.ac.uk-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-british-history.ac.uk_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-british-history.ac.uk_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">From: 'Lichfield: History to c.1500', A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 14: Lichfield (1990), pp. 4–14. URL: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42336">http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42336</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021214211/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42336">Archived</a> 21 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Date accessed: 24 July 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lichfield.gov.uk/Markets_702.aspx#:~:text=Lichfield%20Markets&text=In%20the%201550%27s,%20during%20the,so%20to%20die%20in%20England.">"Markets - Lichfield City Council"</a>. <i>www.lichfield.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lichfield.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Markets+-+Lichfield+City+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lichfield.gov.uk%2FMarkets_702.aspx%23%3A~%3Atext%3DLichfield%2520Markets%26text%3DIn%2520the%25201550%2527s%2C%2520during%2520the%2Cso%2520to%2520die%2520in%2520England.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.localhistories.org/lichfield.html">"Brief History of Lichfield"</a>. Local Histories. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081229164653/http://www.localhistories.org/lichfield.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brief+History+of+Lichfield&rft.pub=Local+Histories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.localhistories.org%2Flichfield.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42337">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Lichfield: From the Reformation to c.1800', A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 14: Lichfield (1990), pp. 14-24"</a>. British History Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526054843/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42337">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Lichfield%3A+From+the+Reformation+to+c.1800%27%2C+A+History+of+the+County+of+Stafford%3A+Volume+14%3A+Lichfield+%281990%29%2C+pp.+14-24.&rft.pub=British+History+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D42337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNB-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DNB_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNB_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon1900" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gordon_(Unitarian)" title="Alexander Gordon (Unitarian)">Gordon, Alexander</a> (1900). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wightman, Edward"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Wightman,_Edward">"Wightman, Edward" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. Vol. 61. pp. 195–196.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wightman%2C+Edward&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.pages=195-196&rft.date=1900&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9AxAAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Edward+Wightman%22+treason&pg=PT379">Cobbett's complete collection of state trials and proceedings</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160503213240/https://books.google.com/books?id=9AxAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT379&lpg=PT379&dq=%22Edward+Wightman%22+treason&source=bl&ots=4iNNPt1Fb1&sig=rhZEDpVPZoGMvaYAwawtyuf5nFg&hl=en&ei=K5txTIvhMcKB8gaQzsCtDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Edward%20Wightman%22%20treason&f=false">Archived</a> 3 May 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 735–736.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-From_1990_pp._14-24-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-From_1990_pp._14-24_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-From_1990_pp._14-24_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-From_1990_pp._14-24_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">From: 'Lichfield: From the Reformation to c.1800', A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 14: Lichfield (1990), pp. 14-24. URL: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42337">http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42337</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526054843/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42337">Archived</a> 26 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Date accessed: 24 July 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clay-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clay_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton1981" class="citation cs2">Clayton, Howard (1981), <i>Coaching City</i>, Abbotsford Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9503563-1-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9503563-1-0"><bdi>978-0-9503563-1-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coaching+City&rft.pub=Abbotsford+Publishing&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-9503563-1-0&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ldcfp-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ldcfp_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928030819/http://www.lichfielddc.gov.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=1328"><i>Lichfield District Council:Friarsgate Plans</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lichfielddc.gov.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=1328">the original</a> on 28 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lichfield+District+Council%3AFriarsgate+Plans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lichfielddc.gov.uk%2Fsite%2Fscripts%2Fdocuments_info.php%3FdocumentID%3D1328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lichfieldlive.co.uk/2020/09/25/meeting-told-building-new-lichfield-leisure-centre-on-site-of-failed-friarsgate-scheme-would-be-too-costly/">"Meeting told building new Lichfield leisure centre on site of failed Friarsgate scheme would be too costly"</a>. <i>Lichfield Live</i>. 25 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lichfield+Live&rft.atitle=Meeting+told+building+new+Lichfield+leisure+centre+on+site+of+failed+Friarsgate+scheme+would+be+too+costly&rft.date=2020-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flichfieldlive.co.uk%2F2020%2F09%2F25%2Fmeeting-told-building-new-lichfield-leisure-centre-on-site-of-failed-friarsgate-scheme-would-be-too-costly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerr" class="citation web cs1">Kerr, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lichfielddc.gov.uk/news/article/663/lichfield-district-council-approves-investment-in-long-awaited-multi-screen-cinema-for-the-district-">"Lichfield District Council approves investment in long-awaited multi-screen cinema for the district"</a>. <i>Lichfield District Council</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="external text" href="http://www.lichfieldfolkfestival.co.uk/minisite/minisite_home.aspx">the original</a> on 23 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lichfield+Folk+Festival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lichfieldfolkfestival.co.uk%2Fminisite%2Fminisite_home.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lichale-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lichale_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110222024612/http://www.lichfieldarts.org.uk/rajb.asp"><i>Lichfield Arts: What's On</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cannock+Chase+Radio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cannockchaseradio.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lichfieldlive.co.uk/">"Lichfield Live"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lichfield+Live&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flichfieldlive.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LDC2021-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LDC2021_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lichfielddc.gov.uk/news/article/469/johnson-s-willow-will-live-on">"Johnson's Willow will live on"</a>. <i>Lichfield District Council</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lichfield+Rugby+Union+Football+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lichfieldrugby.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717103042/http://www.midcomb.com/tables/premier.php">"Midland Football Combination Premier Division table"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.midcomb.com/tables/premier.php">the original</a> on 17 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Midland+Football+Combination+Premier+Division+table&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.midcomb.com%2Ftables%2Fpremier.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pitchero.com/clubs/lichfieldcricketclub">"Lichfield Cricket Club"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lichfield+Cricket+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitchero.com%2Fclubs%2Flichfieldcricketclub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lichfieldhockeyclub.co.uk/">"Lichfield Hockey Club"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lichfield+Hockey+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lichfieldhockeyclub.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.englandhockey.co.uk/clubs/lichfield-hc/teams">"England Hockey - Lichfield Hockey Club"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=England+Hockey+-+Lichfield+Hockey+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.englandhockey.co.uk%2Fclubs%2Flichfield-hc%2Fteams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeantour.com/europeantour/season=2012/tournamentid=2012004/news/newsid=153509.html">"The Remarkable rise of Robert Rock"</a>. Europeanyout.com. 31 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120203034244/http://www.europeantour.com/europeantour/season=2012/tournamentid=2012004/news/newsid=153509.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Remarkable+rise+of+Robert+Rock&rft.pub=Europeanyout.com&rft.date=2012-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeantour.com%2Feuropeantour%2Fseason%3D2012%2Ftournamentid%3D2012004%2Fnews%2Fnewsid%3D153509.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lichfieldarchers.com/">"Lichfield Arhers"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=8719">SoccerBase Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171223043416/http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=8719">Archived</a> 23 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved December 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306091043/http://www.lichfield.gov.uk/twinning.ihtml">"Twinnings"</a>. Lichfield City Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lichfield.gov.uk/twinning.ihtml">the original</a> on 6 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twinnings&rft.pub=Lichfield+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lichfield.gov.uk%2Ftwinning.ihtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichfield&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lichfield" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lichfield">Lichfield</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Lichfield#Q207371" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Lichfield">Lichfield</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lichfield.gov.uk/">Lichfield City Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitlichfield.co.uk/">Visit Lichfield - Travel and Tourism body</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilmanPeckColby1905" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Coit_Gilman" title="Daniel Coit Gilman">Gilman, D. C.</a>; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Lichfield"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Lichfield">"Lichfield" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i> (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lichfield&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lichfield"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lichfield">"Lichfield" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lichfield&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALichfield" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Lichfield" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Lichfield" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Lichfield</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Longdon,_Staffordshire" title="Longdon, Staffordshire">Longdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armitage" title="Armitage">Armitage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mavesyn_Ridware" title="Mavesyn Ridware">Mavesyn Ridware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugeley" title="Rugeley">RUGELEY</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stafford" title="Stafford">STAFFORD</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elmhurst,_Staffordshire" title="Elmhurst, Staffordshire">Elmhurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curborough_and_Elmhurst" title="Curborough and Elmhurst">Curborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kings_Bromley" title="Kings Bromley">Kings Bromley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbots_Bromley" title="Abbots Bromley">Abbots Bromley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttoxeter" title="Uttoxeter">Uttoxeter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashbourne,_Derbyshire" title="Ashbourne, Derbyshire">Ashbourne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Streethay" title="Streethay">Streethay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fradley" title="Fradley">Fradley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alrewas" title="Alrewas">Alrewas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croxall" title="Croxall">Croxall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edingale" title="Edingale">Edingale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burton_upon_Trent" title="Burton upon Trent">BURTON UPON TRENT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">DERBY</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Hammerwich" title="Hammerwich">Hammerwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gentleshaw" title="Gentleshaw">Gentleshaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannock_Wood" title="Cannock Wood">Cannock Wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burntwood" title="Burntwood">Burntwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chasetown" title="Chasetown">Chasetown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hednesford" title="Hednesford">Hednesford</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Lichfield</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Whittington,_Staffordshire" title="Whittington, Staffordshire">Whittington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisherwick" title="Fisherwick">Fisherwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elford" title="Elford">Elford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thorpe_Constantine" title="Thorpe Constantine">Thorpe Constantine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appleby_Magna" title="Appleby Magna">Appleby Magna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Measham" title="Measham">Measham</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brownhills" title="Brownhills">Brownhills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walsall_Wood" title="Walsall Wood">Walsall Wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloxwich" title="Bloxwich">Bloxwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walsall" title="Walsall">WALSALL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">WOLVERHAMPTON</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wall,_Staffordshire" title="Wall, Staffordshire">Wall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenstone,_Staffordshire" title="Shenstone, Staffordshire">Shenstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield" title="Sutton Coldfield">Sutton Coldfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">BIRMINGHAM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solihull" title="Solihull">Solihull</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swinfen_and_Packington" title="Swinfen and Packington">Swinfen & Packington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weeford" title="Weeford">Weeford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hopwas" title="Hopwas">Hopwas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hints,_Staffordshire" title="Hints, Staffordshire">Hints</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamworth,_Staffordshire" title="Tamworth, Staffordshire">TAMWORTH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">COVENTRY</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Lichfield,_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:City_of_Lichfield" title="Template:City of Lichfield"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:City_of_Lichfield" title="Template talk:City of Lichfield"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:City_of_Lichfield" title="Special:EditPage/Template:City of Lichfield"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Lichfield,_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">City of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lichfield</a>, England</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable buildings<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Palace,_Lichfield" title="Bishop's Palace, Lichfield">Bishop's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_of_St_John_Baptist_without_the_Barrs" title="Hospital of St John Baptist without the Barrs">Hospital of St John Baptist without the Barrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Cathedral" title="Lichfield Cathedral">Lichfield Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Clock_Tower" title="Lichfield Clock Tower">Lichfield Clock Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Lichfield" title="Christ Church, Lichfield">Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Chad,_Lichfield" title="Church of St Chad, Lichfield">Church of St Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Lichfield" title="St Mary's Church, Lichfield">St Mary's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael_on_Greenhill,_Lichfield" title="St Michael on Greenhill, Lichfield">St Michael on Greenhill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_City_railway_station" title="Lichfield City railway station">Lichfield City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Trent_Valley_railway_station" title="Lichfield Trent Valley railway station">Lichfield Trent Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Friary_School" title="The Friary School">The Friary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VI_School,_Lichfield" title="King Edward VI School, Lichfield">King Edward VI School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Cathedral_School" title="Lichfield Cathedral School">Lichfield Cathedral School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nether_Stowe_School" title="Nether Stowe School">Nether Stowe School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Museum" title="Lichfield Museum">Lichfield Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Darwin_House" title="Erasmus Darwin House">Erasmus Darwin House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson_Birthplace_Museum" title="Samuel Johnson Birthplace Museum">Samuel Johnson Birthplace Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Garrick_Theatre" title="Lichfield Garrick Theatre">Garrick Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and open spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Park" title="Beacon Park">Beacon Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lichfield_District" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lichfield_District" title="Template:Lichfield District"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lichfield_District" title="Template talk:Lichfield District"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lichfield_District" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lichfield District"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lichfield_District" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_District" title="Lichfield District">Lichfield District</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil parishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alrewas" title="Alrewas">Alrewas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armitage_with_Handsacre" title="Armitage with Handsacre">Armitage with Handsacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burntwood" title="Burntwood">Burntwood</a> (town)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Campville" title="Clifton Campville">Clifton Campville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colton,_Staffordshire" title="Colton, Staffordshire">Colton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curborough_and_Elmhurst" title="Curborough and Elmhurst">Curborough and Elmhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drayton_Bassett" title="Drayton Bassett">Drayton Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edingale" title="Edingale">Edingale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elford" title="Elford">Elford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_and_Chorley" title="Farewell and Chorley">Farewell and Chorley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazeley" title="Fazeley">Fazeley</a> (town)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisherwick" title="Fisherwick">Fisherwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fradley" title="Fradley">Fradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerwich" title="Hammerwich">Hammerwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamstall_Ridware" title="Hamstall Ridware">Hamstall Ridware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlaston" title="Harlaston">Harlaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hints,_Staffordshire" title="Hints, Staffordshire">Hints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Bromley" title="Kings Bromley">Kings Bromley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lichfield</a> (city)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longdon,_Staffordshire" title="Longdon, Staffordshire">Longdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavesyn_Ridware" title="Mavesyn Ridware">Mavesyn Ridware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenstone,_Staffordshire" title="Shenstone, Staffordshire">Shenstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streethay" title="Streethay">Streethay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinfen_and_Packington" title="Swinfen and Packington">Swinfen and Packington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorpe_Constantine" title="Thorpe Constantine">Thorpe Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall,_Staffordshire" title="Wall, Staffordshire">Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeford" title="Weeford">Weeford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittington,_Staffordshire" title="Whittington, Staffordshire">Whittington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigginton_and_Hopwas" title="Wigginton and Hopwas">Wigginton and Hopwas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceremonial_county_of_Staffordshire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Staffordshire" title="Template:Staffordshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Staffordshire" title="Template talk:Staffordshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Staffordshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Staffordshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_Staffordshire" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:Staffordshire" title="Portal:Staffordshire">Staffordshire Portal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boroughs or districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannock_Chase_District" title="Cannock Chase District">Cannock Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Staffordshire" title="East Staffordshire">East Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_District" title="Lichfield District">Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Newcastle-under-Lyme" title="Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme">Newcastle-under-Lyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Staffordshire" title="South Staffordshire">South Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Stafford" title="Borough of Stafford">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Moorlands" title="Staffordshire Moorlands">Staffordshire Moorlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamworth,_Staffordshire" title="Tamworth, Staffordshire">Tamworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biddulph" title="Biddulph">Biddulph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burntwood" title="Burntwood">Burntwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_upon_Trent" title="Burton upon Trent">Burton upon Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannock" title="Cannock">Cannock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheadle,_Staffordshire" title="Cheadle, Staffordshire">Cheadle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccleshall" title="Eccleshall">Eccleshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazeley" title="Fazeley">Fazeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hednesford" title="Hednesford">Hednesford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidsgrove" title="Kidsgrove">Kidsgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leek,_Staffordshire" title="Leek, Staffordshire">Leek</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lichfield</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle-under-Lyme" title="Newcastle-under-Lyme">Newcastle-under-Lyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugeley" title="Rugeley">Rugeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford" title="Stafford">Stafford</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burslem" title="Burslem">Burslem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenton,_Staffordshire" title="Fenton, Staffordshire">Fenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanley" title="Hanley">Hanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longton,_Staffordshire" title="Longton, Staffordshire">Longton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-upon-Trent" title="Stoke-upon-Trent">Stoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunstall,_Staffordshire" title="Tunstall, Staffordshire">Tunstall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone,_Staffordshire" title="Stone, Staffordshire">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamworth,_Staffordshire" title="Tamworth, Staffordshire">Tamworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttoxeter" title="Uttoxeter">Uttoxeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wombourne" title="Wombourne">Wombourne</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Staffordshire" title="List of civil parishes in Staffordshire">List of civil parishes in Staffordshire</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Anker" title="River Anker">Anker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Blithe" title="River Blithe">Blithe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Churnet" title="River Churnet">Churnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dane" title="River Dane">Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dove,_Central_England" class="mw-redirect" title="River Dove, Central England">Dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Manifold" title="River Manifold">Manifold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Mease" title="River Mease">Mease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Penk" title="River Penk">Penk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saredon_Brook" title="Saredon Brook">Saredon Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Sow" title="River Sow">Sow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Swarbourn" title="River Swarbourn">Swarbourn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tame,_West_Midlands" title="River Tame, West Midlands">Tame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Trent" title="River Trent">Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Wheelock" title="River Wheelock">Wheelock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_and_Fazeley_Canal" title="Birmingham and Fazeley Canal">Birmingham & Fazeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldon_Canal" title="Caldon Canal">Caldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Canal" title="Lichfield Canal">Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Union_Canal" title="Shropshire Union Canal">Shropshire Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_and_Worcestershire_Canal" title="Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal">Staffs & Worcestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_and_Mersey_Canal" title="Trent and Mersey Canal">Trent & Mersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyrley_and_Essington_Canal" title="Wyrley and Essington Canal">Wyrley & Essington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Staffordshire" title="Flag of Staffordshire">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Staffordshire" title="List of museums in Staffordshire">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Staffordshire" title="List of schools in Staffordshire">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Staffordshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Grade I listed buildings in Staffordshire">Grade I buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Staffordshire" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Staffordshire">Grade II* buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Staffordshire" title="Scheduled monuments in Staffordshire">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_Staffordshire" title="List of windmills in Staffordshire">Windmills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Staffordshire" title="High Sheriff of Staffordshire">High Sheriffs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_cities" title="Template:UK cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_cities" title="Template talk:UK cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">Cities of the</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and overseas territories</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" title="City of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Chelmsford" title="City of Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchester" title="Colchester">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Doncaster" title="City of Doncaster">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford" title="Hereford">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lancaster" title="City of Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Preston,_Lancashire" title="City of Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_City_and_District" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans City and District">St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sheffield" title="City of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sunderland" title="City of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truro" title="Truro">Truro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wakefield" title="City of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells,_Somerset" title="Wells, Somerset">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunfermline" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_Gwynedd" title="Bangor, Gwynedd">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Asaph" title="St Asaph">St Asaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Davids" title="St Davids">St Davids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td 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href="/wiki/British_overseas_cities" title="British overseas cities">British overseas cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207371#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207371#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207371#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/139601958">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcGhWKq6jJT4BgR9PHV4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4393763-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84045056">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559950205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/ef51ffe9-42c0-46f4-b5c2-7ece2c8039b6">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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