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Password Reset Poisoning
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This allows an attacker to access the secret reset token and change the victim\u2019s password. Password reset abuse is considered a type of <em>Host<\/em> header attack.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.invicti.com\/learn\/host-header-attacks\">Read more about <em>Host<\/em> header attacks.<\/a><\/p>\n"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How dangerous are password reset vulnerabilities?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<p>Abusing password reset functionality allows attackers to gain access to web application user accounts. The consequences depend on the functionality of the web application and the permissions of the victim\u2019s account. For example, in a financial application that stores sensitive information, a successful attack could have serious repercussions, such as credit card numbers being exposed. 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id="menu-item-10430" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10430"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/webinars/">Webinars</a></li> <li id="menu-item-56654" class="new-promotion menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-56654"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/podcasts/">Podcasts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-27789" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-27789"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/">Invicti Learn</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/resources/">Resource Library</a></li> <li id="menu-item-37" class="partners-custom menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-37"><a href="#">Partners</a> <ul class="sub-menu level--2"> <li id="menu-item-27215" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-27215"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/partners/">Channel</a></li> <li id="menu-item-27218" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-27218"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/clp/managed-security-service-provider/">MSSP</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-38" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-38"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/support/">Support</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav><!-- #site-navigation--> </div> </header><!-- .site-header--> <div class="content"> <div class="container flex"> <aside class="sidebar"> <div class="sidebar-contents">Table of Contents</div> <div class="sidebar-menu"> <div class="menu-learn-sidebar-menu-container"><ul id="menu-learn-sidebar-menu" class="menu"><li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children' data-val='Vulnerabilities'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/vulnerabilities/">Vulnerabilities</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--1"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Remote code execution (RCE)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/remote-code-execution-rce/">Remote code execution (RCE)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='OS command injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/os-command-injection/">OS command injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Server-side request forgery (SSRF)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/server-side-request-forgery-ssrf/">Server-side request forgery (SSRF)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='SQL injection (SQLi)'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/sql-injection-sqli/">SQL injection (SQLi)</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--2"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='In-band SQL injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/in-band-sql-injection/">In-band SQL injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Blind SQL injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/blind-sql-injection/">Blind SQL injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Out-of-band SQL injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/out-of-band-sql-injection-oob-sqli/">Out-of-band SQL injection</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Local file inclusion (LFI)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/local-file-inclusion-lfi/">Local file inclusion (LFI)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Remote file inclusion (RFI)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/remote-file-inclusion-rfi/">Remote file inclusion (RFI)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Directory traversal'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/directory-traversal-path-traversal/">Directory traversal</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='Cross-site scripting (XSS)'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/cross-site-scripting-xss/">Cross-site scripting (XSS)</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--2"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Stored/persistent cross-site scripting'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/stored-xss-persistent-cross-site-scripting/">Stored/persistent cross-site scripting</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Reflected/non-persistent cross-site scripting'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/reflected-xss-non-persistent-cross-site-scripting/">Reflected/non-persistent cross-site scripting</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='DOM-based cross-site scripting'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/dom-based-cross-site-scripting-dom-xss/">DOM-based cross-site scripting</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Blind cross-site scripting'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/blind-cross-site-scripting/">Blind cross-site scripting</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/cross-site-request-forgery-csrf/">Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='XML external entity (XXE)'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/xml-external-entity-xxe/">XML external entity (XXE)</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--2"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Out-of-band XML external entity (OOB XXE)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/out-of-band-xml-external-entity-oob-xxe/">Out-of-band XML external entity (OOB XXE)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='CRLF injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/crlf-injection/">CRLF injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Email injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/email-injection/">Email injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='HTML injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/html-injection/">HTML injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='NoSQL injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/nosql-injection/">NoSQL injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='JSON Injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/json-injection/">JSON Injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Insecure direct object references (IDOR)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/insecure-direct-object-references-idor/">Insecure direct object references (IDOR)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='Unvalidated redirects and forwards'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/unvalidated-redirects-and-forwards/">Unvalidated redirects and forwards</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--2"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Open redirect'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/open-redirect-open-redirection/">Open redirect</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Directory listing'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/directory-listing/">Directory listing</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub current-menu-item' data-val='Password reset poisoning'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/password-reset-poisoning/">Password reset poisoning</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Buffer overflow'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/buffer-overflow-stack-overflow-heap-overflow/">Buffer overflow</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Integer overflow'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/integer-overflow/">Integer overflow</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='Attacks'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/attacks/">Attacks</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--1"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Session hijacking'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/session-hijacking/">Session hijacking</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Session fixation'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/session-fixation/">Session fixation</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Session prediction'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/session-prediction/">Session prediction</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Cookie hijacking'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/cookie-hijacking/">Cookie hijacking</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Cookie poisoning'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/cookie-poisoning/">Cookie poisoning</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Clickjacking'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/clickjacking/">Clickjacking</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Forced browsing'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/forced-browsing/">Forced browsing</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='XSS filter evasion'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/xss-filter-evasion/">XSS filter evasion</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Source code disclosure'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/source-code-disclosure/">Source code disclosure</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Host header attacks'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/host-header-attacks/">Host header attacks</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Web cache poisoning'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/web-cache-poisoning/">Web cache poisoning</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Privilege escalation'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/privilege-escalation/">Privilege escalation</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Web shell'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/web-shell/">Web shell</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Reverse shell'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/reverse-shell/">Reverse shell</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Cross-frame scripting (XFS)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/cross-frame-scripting-xfs/">Cross-frame scripting (XFS)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Broken link hijacking'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/broken-link-hijacking-blh/">Broken link hijacking</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='SEO poisoning'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/seo-poisoning/">SEO poisoning</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom' data-val='Low Orbit Ion Cannon (LOIC)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/low-orbit-ion-cannon-loic/">Low Orbit Ion Cannon (LOIC)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom' data-val='High Orbit Ion Cannon (HOIC)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/high-orbit-ion-cannon-hoic/">High Orbit Ion Cannon (HOIC)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom' data-val='Slowloris attack'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/slowloris-attack/">Slowloris attack</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom' data-val='R.U.D.Y. attack'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/rudy-attack/">R.U.D.Y. attack</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='Man-in-the-middle attacks (MITM)'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/man-in-the-middle-attacks-mitm/">Man-in-the-middle attacks (MITM)</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--2"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='ARP spoofing'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/mitm-arp-spoofing/">ARP spoofing</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='IP spoofing'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/mitm-ip-spoofing-ip-address-spoofing/">IP spoofing</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='DNS cache poisoning'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/mitm-dns-spoofing-dns-cache-poisoning/">DNS cache poisoning</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='HTTP spoofing'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/mitm-https-spoofing-idn-homograph-attack/">HTTP spoofing</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='SSL hijacking'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/mitm-ssl-hijacking/">SSL hijacking</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='SSL stripping'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/mitm-ssl-stripping/">SSL stripping</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='Protection'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/protection/">Protection</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--1"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Same-origin policy (SOP)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/same-origin-policy-sop/">Same-origin policy (SOP)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/http-strict-transport-security-hsts/">HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Cookie security flags'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/cookie-security-flags/">Cookie security flags</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='Tools'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/tools/">Tools</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--1"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Dynamic application security testing (DAST)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/dynamic-application-security-testing-dast/">Dynamic application security testing (DAST)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Static application security testing (SAST)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/static-application-security-testing-sast/">Static application security testing (SAST)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Interactive application security testing (IAST)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/interactive-application-security-testing-iast/">Interactive application security testing (IAST)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Software composition analysis (SCA)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/software-composition-analysis-sca/">Software composition analysis (SCA)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Web application firewall (WAF)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/web-application-firewall-waf/">Web application firewall (WAF)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Web asset discovery'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/web-asset-discovery/">Web asset discovery</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Vulnerability management'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/vulnerability-management/">Vulnerability management</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Vulnerability assessment'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/vulnerability-assessment/">Vulnerability assessment</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='About Invicti Learn'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/about/">About Invicti Learn</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="sidebar-button"> </div> </aside> <main class="main entry-content col-span-9"> <h1 class="wp-block-heading">Password reset poisoning</h1> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><picture><source srcset="https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner-1024x131.webp 1024w,https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner-300x38.webp 300w,https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner-768x98.webp 768w,https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner.webp 1053w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" type="image/webp"><img src="https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner-1024x131.png" height="131" width="1024" srcset="https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner-1024x131.png 1024w, https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner-300x38.png 300w, https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner-768x98.png 768w, https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner.png 1053w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" class="wp-image-37081 sp-no-webp" alt="" fetchpriority="high" > </picture></figure> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">What is password reset poisoning?</h2> <p>A <em>password reset poisoning</em> vulnerability happens when a web application uses the <em>Host</em> header of an HTTP request to create password reset links. This allows an attacker to change a victim’s password and take control of their application account. Password reset poisoning attacks are often considered a type of<a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/host-header-attacks/"> <em>Host</em> header attack</a>.</p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide" /> <figure class="wp-block-table is-style-default" style="margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:0px"> <table class="has-text-color" style="color:var(--color-nsdark)"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none"><strong>Severity:</strong></td> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none"> <picture><source srcset="https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/11/15094456/skull.webp " type="image/webp"><img src="https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/11/15094456/skull.png" class=" sp-no-webp" alt="" style="float:left;height:1em" > </picture> <picture><source srcset="https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/11/15094456/skull.webp " type="image/webp"><img src="https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/11/15094456/skull.png" class=" sp-no-webp" alt="" style="float:left;height:1em" > </picture> </td> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none">medium severity</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none"><strong>Prevalence:</strong></td> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none"> <picture><source srcset="https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/11/15094456/skull.webp " type="image/webp"><img src="https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/11/15094456/skull.png" class=" sp-no-webp" alt="" style="float:left;height:1em" > </picture> </td> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none">discovered rarely</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none"><strong>Scope:</strong></td> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none"> <picture><source srcset="https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/11/15094456/skull.webp " type="image/webp"><img src="https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/11/15094456/skull.png" class=" sp-no-webp" alt="" style="float:left;height:1em" > </picture> </td> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none">web applications with password reset functionality</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none"><strong>Technical impact:</strong></td> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none"></td> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none">account takeover</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none"><strong>Worst-case consequences:</strong></td> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none"></td> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none">sensitive information breach</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none"><strong>Quick fix:</strong></td> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none"></td> <td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left" style="border: none">do not take domain names for reset links from <em>Host</em> headers</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </figure> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide" /> <p></p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">How does password reset functionality work?</h3> <p>Most password reset mechanisms in web applications work by sending a password reset link to an email address supplied by the user. The user then clicks on the emailed link to confirm their identity and can proceed to change the password.</p> <p>For example, if the user <em>kosh@invicti.com</em> has an account in the <em>vulnweb.com</em> application and forgets their password, they can enter their email address in a special password reset request form. The application then checks if there is a registered user with this email in its database. If so, it sends a link with a one-time token to the provided address.</p> <p>The user then opens the email, clicks on the link to a reset page on <em>vulnweb.com</em>, and the web application receives the token in the GET request. If the token matches the emailed one, the application displays a password change form.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">How do password reset poisoning vulnerabilities happen?</h3> <p>The above mechanism seems secure but actually includes a typical application security weakness. Unless the web application is designed to be hosted on a static domain, it has to know what application base URL to use. When creating a password reset mechanism, an easy way to construct the reset URL is to take the domain name from the <em>Host</em> header of the original HTTP request. After all, if an application is hosted at <em>example.com</em>, it should be safe to assume that web browsers will only send HTTP requests with a <em>Host</em> header specifying <em>example.com</em>. If there was no way to tamper with <em>Host</em> header values, you could indeed use them to dynamically construct reset links that always specify the correct host.</p> <p>Unfortunately, the <em>Host</em> header in an HTTP request can be modified by the sender or even manipulated in transit through <em>Host</em> header injection. This allows a malicious hacker to construct a link that leads to a website under their control. When a user clicks the link, the attacker receives the secret one-time token and can use it to reset that user’s password.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Related password reset vulnerabilities</h3> <p>In addition to password reset poisoning, web applications may have other minor vulnerabilities related to password reset functionality. For example, if the application displays different HTML pages for registered and unregistered addresses, attackers could abuse this to perform brute-force user enumeration (though these can be easily prevented by rate limiting). You can read more about other, less common attacks related to password reset functionality as well as general cybersecurity issues on<a href="https://infosecwriteups.com/all-about-password-reset-vulnerabilities-3bba86ffedc7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow"> InfoSec Writeups</a>.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="example">Example of a password reset poisoning attack</h2> <p>Let’s go through an example where the web application is hosted on <em>vulnweb.com</em>, the user who forgot the password is called Kosh Naranek, and the attacker controls a server on <em>shadow.example</em><em>.com</em>.</p> <p>First, the attacker finds the victim’s email address, which is <em>kosh@invicti.com</em>. They can find this address on the company website, through social engineering attacks, or using other methods.</p> <p>Then, the attacker creates the following GET request directed to the <em>vulnweb.com</em> password reset page:</p> <pre class="wp-block-code"><code>GET https://vulnweb.com/forgot-password.php?email=kosh@invicti.com HTTP/1.1 Host: shadow.example.com</code></pre> <p>If this was a legitimate request, the <em>Host</em> header value would be the same as the domain in the URL included in the GET request. Note that you can do the same thing using a POST request instead, if required by the web application.</p> <p>Next, the <em>vulnweb.com</em> application receives the request. The application code is vulnerable to poisoning because it takes the domain name from the <em>Host</em> header:</p> <pre class="wp-block-code is-style-code-highlighter language-php"><code>$token = bin2hex(random_bytes(16)); // random token; in this example, 2403e128e40a35bb535e9da01f0faf7b $resetPasswordURL = "https://{$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']}/reset.php?token=$token";</code></pre> <p>Now, the web application creates a password reset email that includes a link built using the <em>$resetPasswordURL</em> variable. The email is sent to the correct address, <em>kosh@invicti.com</em>, but the link leads to <em>shadow.example</em><em>.com</em> instead of <em>vulnweb.com</em>.</p> <p>If Kosh fails to notice that the domain in the link is different to the web application domain, they will click on the link, and their browser will send a GET request to the attacker-controlled server at <em>shadow.example</em><em>.com</em>. The attacker can further increase the chances of success using techniques such as<a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/mitm-https-spoofing-idn-homograph-attack/"> HTTP spoofing</a>.</p> <p>Since the attacker controls <em>shadow.example</em><em>.com</em>, they can make the page look just like the real one to avoid arousing the victim’s suspicion. They might also decide to display a fake error message or even build <em>shadow.example</em><em>.com</em> to act as a proxy for the real application.</p> <p>In any case, the attacker now has the original reset token sent to the <em>shadow.example</em><em>.com</em> backend, so they can make a GET request to the legitimate host:</p> <pre class="wp-block-code"><code>GET https://vulnweb.com/reset.php?token=2403e128e40a35bb535e9da01f0faf7b HTTP/1.1</code></pre> <p>The token is valid, so the <em>vulnweb.com</em> web application assumes this is the original user and displays a password change form. The attacker can now input their own new password, taking control of the user’s account.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="detect">How to detect password reset vulnerabilities?</h2> <p>The best way to detect password reset vulnerabilities depends on whether they are already known or unknown.</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>If you only use commercial or open-source web applications, it may be enough to identify the exact version of the application you are using. If the identified version is susceptible to password reset poisoning, you can assume that your installation is vulnerable. You can identify the web app version manually or use a suitable security tool, such as a<a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/software-composition-analysis-sca/"> software composition analysis (SCA)</a> solution.</li> <li>If you develop your own web applications or want the ability to potentially find previously unknown password reset vulnerabilities (zero-days) in known applications, you must be able to successfully exploit the vulnerability to be certain that it exists. This requires either performing manual penetration testing with the help of security researchers or using a vulnerability scanner tool that can automatically exploit web vulnerabilities. Examples of such tools are<a href="https://www.invicti.com/"> Invicti</a> and<a href="https://acunetix.com/"> Acunetix by Invicti</a>. We recommend using this method even for known vulnerabilities.</li> </ul> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="prevent">How to prevent password reset poisoning?</h2> <p>As a web application developer, never trust the content of the <em>Host</em> header or any other request headers that could be manipulated, including <em>Content-type</em>, <em>Referer</em>, and <em>X-Forwarded-Host.</em> If you need to use these values, always perform careful validation. This will help you prevent not just password reset poisoning but other attacks as well.</p> <p>The safest way to construct password links is by specifying the application base URL in a safe configuration file. For example, you could create and use the following <em>config.ini</em> file:</p> <pre class="wp-block-code"><code>[GLOBAL] DB_URL=mysql:// DB_USER=mysql DB_PASS=bLSy8r632eXgZBTC [APPLICATION] BASE_URL=vulnweb.com</code></pre> <p>This base URL can then be used safely as a constant in your code. To retrieve it, you can use a utility function, for example, <em>get_config(section, entry)</em>:</p> <pre class="wp-block-code is-style-code-highlighter language-php"><code>$token = bin2hex(random_bytes(16)); $resetPasswordURL = "https://" . get_config('APPLICATION', 'BASE_URL') . "/reset.php?token=$token";</code></pre> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="mitigate">How to mitigate password reset poisoning?</h2> <p>The best way to mitigate potential password reset poisoning is by requiring multi-factor authentication functionality for all your web applications. This way, even if there is a password reset vulnerability, password reset tokens will not be enough to perform a successful attack.</p> <p>If multi-factor authentication is not an option, you can use security questions as an additional password function involved in the reset process.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Frequently asked questions</h2> <div class="invicti-block accordion style-one" id="accordion_6742ad74af58a"> <div class="accordion-section"> <h4 class="accordion-heading">What are password reset poisoning attacks?</h4> <div class="accordion-text-holder"> <div class="accordion-text"><p>Password reset poisoning is a web security issue where a web application generates password reset links in an unsafe way. This allows an attacker to access the secret reset token and change the victim’s password. Password reset abuse is considered a type of <em>Host</em> header attack.</p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/host-header-attacks">Read more about <em>Host</em> header attacks.</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-section"> <h4 class="accordion-heading">How dangerous are password reset vulnerabilities?</h4> <div class="accordion-text-holder"> <div class="accordion-text"><p>Abusing password reset functionality allows attackers to gain access to web application user accounts. The consequences depend on the functionality of the web application and the permissions of the victim’s account. For example, in a financial application that stores sensitive information, a successful attack could have serious repercussions, such as credit card numbers being exposed. Access to a web application account could also let the attacker attempt privilege escalation, which could lead to further attacks against the web server and more.</p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/privilege-escalation/">Learn about privilege escalation, privilege elevation, and its consequences.</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-section"> <h4 class="accordion-heading">How to detect and prevent password reset poisoning?</h4> <div class="accordion-text-holder"> <div class="accordion-text"><p>Password reset poisoning is easy to detect and prevent. Password reset vulnerabilities can be easily detected using both automated vulnerability scanning and pentesting. To prevent password reset poisoning, never use data from HTTP headers or other user input to create password reset links. The best practice is to have base URLs for reset links included in static configuration files.</p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.invicti.com/blog/web-security/secure-coding-practices-web-applications/">Learn more about application security practices that help avoid attacks such as password reset poisoning.</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="wp-block-table is-style-stripes ccfg-unique-33f7fe-9b"><table><thead><tr><th class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left">Classification</th><th class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left">ID</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left">CAPEC</td><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left">50</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left">CWE</td><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left">640</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left">WASC</td><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left">49</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left">OWASP 2021</td><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left">A7</td></tr></tbody></table></figure> <p></p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide" /> <p></p> <p class="has-small-font-size"><em><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/about/">Written by: Tomasz Andrzej Nidecki, reviewed by: Benjamin Daniel Mussler</a></em></p> </main> </div> </div> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="container primary-footer"> <div class="company-info-wrapper"> <figure> <img class="logo-icon footerlogo" src="https://cdn.invicti.com/branding/invicti-logo-black.svg" alt="Invicti Logo - The Largest Dynamic Application Security Solutions Provider In The World" width="128" height="36" /> </figure> <div class="social-icons"> <a href="https://twitter.com/InvictiSecurity" aria-label="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" title="Twitter"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20.616" height="16.969"> <path d="M20.532 2.035a8.514 8.514 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t=JSON.parse(n.data),r=t.language,i=t.code,l=t.immediateClose;e.postMessage(a.highlight(i,a.languages[r],r)),l&&e.close()}),!1),a):a;var g=a.util.currentScript();function f(){a.manual||a.highlightAll()}if(g&&(a.filename=g.src,g.hasAttribute("data-manual")&&(a.manual=!0)),!a.manual){var h=document.readyState;"loading"===h||"interactive"===h&&g&&g.defer?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",f):window.requestAnimationFrame?window.requestAnimationFrame(f):window.setTimeout(f,16)}return a}(_self);"undefined"!=typeof module&&module.exports&&(module.exports=Prism),"undefined"!=typeof global&&(global.Prism=Prism); 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s={};s["language-"+e]={pattern:/(^<!\[CDATA\[)[\s\S]+?(?=\]\]>$)/i,lookbehind:!0,inside:Prism.languages[e]},s.cdata=/^<!\[CDATA\[|\]\]>$/i;var t={"included-cdata":{pattern:/<!\[CDATA\[[\s\S]*?\]\]>/i,inside:s}};t["language-"+e]={pattern:/[\s\S]+/,inside:Prism.languages[e]};var n={};n[a]={pattern:RegExp("(<__[^>]*>)(?:<!\\[CDATA\\[(?:[^\\]]|\\](?!\\]>))*\\]\\]>|(?!<!\\[CDATA\\[)[^])*?(?=</__>)".replace(/__/g,(function(){return 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e=/(?:"(?:\\(?:\r\n|[\s\S])|[^"\\\r\n])*"|'(?:\\(?:\r\n|[\s\S])|[^'\\\r\n])*')/;s.languages.css={comment:/\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\//,atrule:{pattern:RegExp("@[\\w-](?:[^;{\\s\"']|\\s+(?!\\s)|"+e.source+")*?(?:;|(?=\\s*\\{))"),inside:{rule:/^@[\w-]+/,"selector-function-argument":{pattern:/(\bselector\s*\(\s*(?![\s)]))(?:[^()\s]|\s+(?![\s)])|\((?:[^()]|\([^()]*\))*\))+(?=\s*\))/,lookbehind:!0,alias:"selector"},keyword:{pattern:/(^|[^\w-])(?:and|not|only|or)(?![\w-])/,lookbehind:!0}}},url:{pattern:RegExp("\\burl\\((?:"+e.source+"|(?:[^\\\\\r\n()\"']|\\\\[^])*)\\)","i"),greedy:!0,inside:{function:/^url/i,punctuation:/^\(|\)$/,string:{pattern:RegExp("^"+e.source+"$"),alias:"url"}}},selector:{pattern:RegExp("(^|[{}\\s])[^{}\\s](?:[^{};\"'\\s]|\\s+(?![\\s{])|"+e.source+")*(?=\\s*\\{)"),lookbehind:!0},string:{pattern:e,greedy:!0},property:{pattern:/(^|[^-\w\xA0-\uFFFF])(?!\s)[-_a-z\xA0-\uFFFF](?:(?!\s)[-\w\xA0-\uFFFF])*(?=\s*:)/i,lookbehind:!0},important:/!important\b/i,function:{pattern:/(^|[^-a-z0-9])[-a-z0-9]+(?=\()/i,lookbehind:!0},punctuation:/[(){};:,]/},s.languages.css.atrule.inside.rest=s.languages.css;var 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