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Static Application Security Testing (SAST)
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id="menu-item-10430" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10430"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/webinars/">Webinars</a></li> <li id="menu-item-56654" class="new-promotion menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-56654"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/podcasts/">Podcasts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-27789" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-27789"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/">Invicti Learn</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-34"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/resources/">Resource Library</a></li> <li id="menu-item-37" class="partners-custom menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-37"><a href="#">Partners</a> <ul class="sub-menu level--2"> <li id="menu-item-27215" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-27215"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/partners/">Channel</a></li> <li id="menu-item-27218" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-27218"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/clp/managed-security-service-provider/">MSSP</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-38" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-38"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/support/">Support</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav><!-- #site-navigation--> </div> </header><!-- .site-header--> <div class="content"> <div class="container flex"> <aside class="sidebar"> <div class="sidebar-contents">Table of Contents</div> <div class="sidebar-menu"> <div class="menu-learn-sidebar-menu-container"><ul id="menu-learn-sidebar-menu" class="menu"><li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='Vulnerabilities'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/vulnerabilities/">Vulnerabilities</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--1"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Remote code execution (RCE)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/remote-code-execution-rce/">Remote code execution (RCE)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='OS command injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/os-command-injection/">OS command injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Server-side request forgery (SSRF)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/server-side-request-forgery-ssrf/">Server-side request forgery (SSRF)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='SQL injection (SQLi)'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/sql-injection-sqli/">SQL injection (SQLi)</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--2"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='In-band SQL injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/in-band-sql-injection/">In-band SQL injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Blind SQL injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/blind-sql-injection/">Blind SQL injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Out-of-band SQL injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/out-of-band-sql-injection-oob-sqli/">Out-of-band SQL injection</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Local file inclusion (LFI)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/local-file-inclusion-lfi/">Local file inclusion (LFI)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Remote file inclusion (RFI)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/remote-file-inclusion-rfi/">Remote file inclusion (RFI)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Directory traversal'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/directory-traversal-path-traversal/">Directory traversal</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='Cross-site scripting (XSS)'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/cross-site-scripting-xss/">Cross-site scripting (XSS)</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--2"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Stored/persistent cross-site scripting'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/stored-xss-persistent-cross-site-scripting/">Stored/persistent cross-site scripting</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Reflected/non-persistent cross-site scripting'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/reflected-xss-non-persistent-cross-site-scripting/">Reflected/non-persistent cross-site scripting</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='DOM-based cross-site scripting'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/dom-based-cross-site-scripting-dom-xss/">DOM-based cross-site scripting</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Blind cross-site scripting'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/blind-cross-site-scripting/">Blind cross-site scripting</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/cross-site-request-forgery-csrf/">Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='XML external entity (XXE)'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/xml-external-entity-xxe/">XML external entity (XXE)</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--2"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Out-of-band XML external entity (OOB XXE)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/out-of-band-xml-external-entity-oob-xxe/">Out-of-band XML external entity (OOB XXE)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='CRLF injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/crlf-injection/">CRLF injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Email injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/email-injection/">Email injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='HTML injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/html-injection/">HTML injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='NoSQL injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/nosql-injection/">NoSQL injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='JSON Injection'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/json-injection/">JSON Injection</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Insecure direct object references (IDOR)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/insecure-direct-object-references-idor/">Insecure direct object references (IDOR)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='Unvalidated redirects and forwards'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/unvalidated-redirects-and-forwards/">Unvalidated redirects and forwards</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--2"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Open redirect'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/open-redirect-open-redirection/">Open redirect</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Directory listing'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/directory-listing/">Directory listing</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Password reset poisoning'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/password-reset-poisoning/">Password reset poisoning</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Buffer overflow'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/buffer-overflow-stack-overflow-heap-overflow/">Buffer overflow</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Integer overflow'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/integer-overflow/">Integer overflow</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='Attacks'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/attacks/">Attacks</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--1"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Session hijacking'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/session-hijacking/">Session hijacking</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Session fixation'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/session-fixation/">Session fixation</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Session prediction'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/session-prediction/">Session prediction</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Cookie hijacking'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/cookie-hijacking/">Cookie hijacking</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Cookie poisoning'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/cookie-poisoning/">Cookie poisoning</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Clickjacking'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/clickjacking/">Clickjacking</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Forced browsing'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/forced-browsing/">Forced browsing</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='XSS filter evasion'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/xss-filter-evasion/">XSS filter evasion</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Source code disclosure'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/source-code-disclosure/">Source code disclosure</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Host header attacks'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/host-header-attacks/">Host header attacks</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Web cache poisoning'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/web-cache-poisoning/">Web cache poisoning</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Privilege escalation'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/privilege-escalation/">Privilege escalation</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Web shell'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/web-shell/">Web shell</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Reverse shell'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/reverse-shell/">Reverse shell</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Cross-frame scripting (XFS)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/cross-frame-scripting-xfs/">Cross-frame scripting (XFS)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Broken link hijacking'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/broken-link-hijacking-blh/">Broken link hijacking</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='SEO poisoning'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/seo-poisoning/">SEO poisoning</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom' data-val='Low Orbit Ion Cannon (LOIC)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/low-orbit-ion-cannon-loic/">Low Orbit Ion Cannon (LOIC)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom' data-val='High Orbit Ion Cannon (HOIC)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/high-orbit-ion-cannon-hoic/">High Orbit Ion Cannon (HOIC)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom' data-val='Slowloris attack'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/slowloris-attack/">Slowloris attack</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom' data-val='R.U.D.Y. attack'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/rudy-attack/">R.U.D.Y. attack</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='Man-in-the-middle attacks (MITM)'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/man-in-the-middle-attacks-mitm/">Man-in-the-middle attacks (MITM)</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--2"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='ARP spoofing'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/mitm-arp-spoofing/">ARP spoofing</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='IP spoofing'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/mitm-ip-spoofing-ip-address-spoofing/">IP spoofing</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='DNS cache poisoning'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/mitm-dns-spoofing-dns-cache-poisoning/">DNS cache poisoning</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='HTTP spoofing'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/mitm-https-spoofing-idn-homograph-attack/">HTTP spoofing</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='SSL hijacking'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/mitm-ssl-hijacking/">SSL hijacking</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='SSL stripping'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/mitm-ssl-stripping/">SSL stripping</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub menu-item-has-children' data-val='Protection'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/protection/">Protection</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--1"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Same-origin policy (SOP)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/same-origin-policy-sop/">Same-origin policy (SOP)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/http-strict-transport-security-hsts/">HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Cookie security flags'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/cookie-security-flags/">Cookie security flags</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children' data-val='Tools'><div class="menu-item-block"><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/tools/">Tools</a><span class="menu-expander"><svg width="10" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor"/> <path d="M1.175.912 5 4.73 8.825.912 10 2.087l-5 5-5-5L1.175.912Z" fill="currentColor" fill-opacity=".25"/></svg></span></div> <ul class="sub-menu level--1"> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Dynamic application security testing (DAST)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/dynamic-application-security-testing-dast/">Dynamic application security testing (DAST)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub current-menu-item' data-val='Static application security testing (SAST)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/static-application-security-testing-sast/">Static application security testing (SAST)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Interactive application security testing (IAST)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/interactive-application-security-testing-iast/">Interactive application security testing (IAST)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Software composition analysis (SCA)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/software-composition-analysis-sca/">Software composition analysis (SCA)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Web application firewall (WAF)'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/web-application-firewall-waf/">Web application firewall (WAF)</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Web asset discovery'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/web-asset-discovery/">Web asset discovery</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Vulnerability management'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/vulnerability-management/">Vulnerability management</a></li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='Vulnerability assessment'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/vulnerability-assessment/">Vulnerability assessment</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=' menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-hub' data-val='About Invicti Learn'><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/about/">About Invicti Learn</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="sidebar-button"> </div> </aside> <main class="main entry-content col-span-9"> <h1 class="wp-block-heading">Static application security testing (SAST)</h1> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><picture><source srcset="https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner-1024x131.webp 1024w,https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner-300x38.webp 300w,https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner-768x98.webp 768w,https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner.webp 1053w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" type="image/webp"><img src="https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner-1024x131.png" height="131" width="1024" srcset="https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner-1024x131.png 1024w, https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner-300x38.png 300w, https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner-768x98.png 768w, https://cdn.invicti.com/app/uploads/2022/03/15153934/Learn_06_banner.png 1053w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" class="wp-image-37081 sp-no-webp" alt="" fetchpriority="high" > </picture></figure> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="what">What is static application security testing?</h2> <p>The term <em>static application security testing</em> (SAST) applies to security testing performed on static code, not on a running application. Note that the term SAST can refer both to the security testing methodology and to tools that use this approach.</p> <p>Other application security (AppSec) terms used to describe static application security testing are <em>white-box testing</em>, <em>static code analysis</em>, <em>secure code review</em>, and <em>inside-out testing</em>.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Types of static application security testing</h2> <p>There are three primary types of static application security testing:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Source code analysis – the testing tool analyzes the original source code of the application, for example, the C++ source code.</li> <li>Bytecode analysis – the testing tool analyzes the intermediate code. This is possible only for platforms that create bytecode, such as Java or .NET.</li> <li>Binary code analysis – the testing tool analyzes the final compiled code of the application.</li> </ul> <p>Note that most contemporary SAST solutions are designed to test the security of web applications, mobile applications, and APIs. However, there are also SAST tools for testing desktop/thick applications.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">How does SAST work?</h2> <p>Static application security testing tools work by running checks on the application code. A tester or an automated environment points the SAST tool at specific files containing application code (source code, bytecode, or binary code, depending on the SAST type) and then the tool performs a series of checks on these files. If it finds a vulnerability, it records the exact location and additional details (dependent on code type) and provides this information to the user.</p> <p>Static analysis tools may also test dependencies or even work on the entire codebase repository, not just single files. Some SAST tools can even be integrated into the development environment and run checks in real-time, as the developer writes the code.</p> <p>The benefit of source code SAST is that it is able to pinpoint issues down to the exact line of code or even a specific location within the line. For bytecode and binary code SAST, some tools can reverse-engineer the intermediate code to locate the underlying problem in the source code.</p> <p>Note that application security tools, unlike anti-malware tools, do not perform remediation. Their job is only to find typical security issues in the application, such as<a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/sql-injection-sqli/"> SQL injections</a>,<a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/cross-site-scripting-xss/"> cross-site scripting (XSS)</a>, or buffer overflows – not to fix them. Any security risks that are found need to be eliminated manually by development teams.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Advantages and disadvantages of static application security testing</h2> <p>Static application security testing should be a part of a complete security testing program that includes other web application security testing methods, such as <a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/dynamic-application-security-testing-dast/">dynamic application security testing (DAST)</a> (also known as black-box testing), <a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/interactive-application-security-testing-iast/">interactive application security testing (IAST)</a>, <a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/software-composition-analysis-sca/">software composition analysis (SCA)</a>, and manual penetration testing. SAST has a few advantages over other testing methodologies.</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>SAST solutions can test all application code, no matter whether it is already linked to the main application or not. By contrast, dynamic and interactive testing requires the app to be at least functional. This means that SAST scans can be applied earlier than other methodologies.</li> <li>SAST is perceived as the testing method that provides the most accurate location of the root cause of a vulnerability. However, this capability is now also found in modern IAST solutions, such as <a href="https://www.invicti.com/features/iast-scanning/">Invicti IAST</a> and <a href="https://www.acunetix.com/vulnerability-scanner/acusensor-technology/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AcuSensor</a>, which are also able to point to the exact cause of the vulnerability in bytecode or even the source code.</li> </ul> <p>Static application security testing also has some disadvantages in relation to other application security testing methodologies.</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>SAST tools are limited to specific programming languages. In multi-language application development environments, teams may need to buy, use, and coordinate several different SAST tools from different vendors just to cover their entire codebase (or at least most of it).</li> <li>Static application security testing is extremely prone to false positives because the scanner cannot fully understand the runtime conditions or the developer’s intent. This is especially noticeable in tools that analyze the application source code. SAST solutions also cannot prove that a suspected security vulnerability is indeed a real issue. For all these reasons, SAST scans are often followed by manual validation.</li> <li>You can only use SAST tools on applications that are in development – not legacy applications or software that is already deployed to production. Combined with the inability to detect any runtime (dynamic) vulnerabilities, this means SAST cannot be used in later stages of the software development lifecycle (SDLC).</li> </ul> <p>Due to the above limitations, it is best practice for businesses to avoid relying on SAST as their only application testing methodology. When SAST is used, it is recommended to pair it DAST or IAST solutions.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">SAST accompanying technologies</h2> <p>The sole function of static application security testing is to scan application code and find vulnerabilities. However, in most environments, that is not enough. To deal with this, many SAST tools offer extra functionality or come bundled with accompanying software to provide the following functions:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/vulnerability-assessment/">Vulnerability assessment</a>: In larger organizations, the number of vulnerabilities can be in the thousands, making it impractical for security teams to manually verify endless lists and prioritize issues. Vulnerability assessment solutions automatically assign priorities to vulnerabilities discovered by SAST based on different factors such as severity, ease of exploitation, or even the business importance of a particular asset. This lets security teams focus their remediation efforts on security risks that are most likely to lead to severe consequences such as a data breach.</li> <li><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/vulnerability-management/">Vulnerability management</a>: If the number of vulnerabilities is large, it is almost impossible to manually track issue resolution status. That is why SAST tools need to be tightly integrated with issue-tracking solutions that allow security teams to manage vulnerabilities.</li> </ul> <p>Many SAST providers offer bundles that include not just vulnerability assessment and vulnerability management (usually as separate applications within the same environment) but also other types of application security scanning, such as DAST and IAST.</p> <p>Note that unlike in the case of DAST, there are a plethora of open-source/free SAST tools for different types of applications and different languages, including GitHub Advanced Security, OWASP ASST, OWASP WAP, and dozens more. Most of these applications are code quality scanners with some security checks built-in. They are usually limited in their scope of security testing and require manual integration into your SDLC. Therefore, they are best treated as additional tools and are generally not suitable for larger business environments.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">How to use SAST?</h2> <p>Due to the inherent limitations of SAST, the best way to use static security testing is by combining it with DAST and/or IAST. Used on its own, SAST will miss many vulnerability classes and often won’t cover your application languages. For example, if you have a SAST tool for Python but not for JavaScript and you are building a modern single-page web application based on a UI framework such as React, your SAST will only test the Python back-end, not the JavaScript front-end.</p> <p>The best time for SAST analysis is at the earliest stages of the development process. If the SAST tool integrates into the development environment, for example via an IDE plugin, it gives you an early start advantage that no other application security solution can offer. The later you move in your DevOps/DevSecOps workflow, the less you should rely on SAST scanning.</p> <p>When using SAST in a CI/CD pipeline, keep in mind that the high rate of false positives typical for most SAST scanners makes it very nearly impossible to use SAST to automatically fail builds. In most cases, you will be limited to providing the developer with a SAST security report or issuing a warning. And while you can fine-tune SAST tools to get rid of at least some false positives, this often results in fewer real vulnerabilities being found.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Frequently asked questions</h2> <div class="invicti-block accordion style-one" id="accordion_6742e3a830e05"> <div class="accordion-section"> <h4 class="accordion-heading">What is static application security testing (SAST)?</h4> <div class="accordion-text-holder"> <div class="accordion-text"><p>The term static application security testing (SAST) applies to security testing performed on static code, not on a running application. Note that the term SAST can refer both to the security testing methodology and to tools that use this approach.</p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.invicti.com/blog/web-security/web-application-security-testing-real-world/">Read more about SAST and DAST approaches to security testing.</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-section"> <h4 class="accordion-heading">Which to choose? SAST, IAST, or DAST?</h4> <div class="accordion-text-holder"> <div class="accordion-text"><p>A comprehensive security program should include different types of tools as they complement one another. This means you should aim to use DAST, SAST, and IAST. However, if your budget is limited or if you are just starting out, DAST will be the best choice as your first or only solution, as it is the most versatile and the easiest to set up.</p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.acunetix.com/blog/web-security-zone/3-reasons-to-start-with-dast/">Learn why DAST is the best way to begin your security journey.</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-section"> <h4 class="accordion-heading">What does SAST have in common with IAST?</h4> <div class="accordion-text-holder"> <div class="accordion-text"><p>Originally, IAST solutions were created to work together with SAST solutions and complement them. Currently, there are different types of IAST solutions, and most of them do not require SAST testing to activate IAST agents.</p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/interactive-application-security-testing-iast/">Read more about interactive application security testing (IAST).</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Related blog posts</h2> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li><a href="https://www.invicti.com/blog/web-security/dast-vs-sast-fact-check-on-static-and-dynamic-application-security-testing/">DAST vs. SAST: Fact check on static and dynamic application security testing</a></li> </ul> <p></p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide" /> <p></p> <p class="has-small-font-size"><em><a href="https://www.invicti.com/learn/about/">Written by: Tomasz Andrzej Nidecki, reviewed by: Zbigniew Banach</a></em></p> </main> </div> </div> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="container primary-footer"> <div class="company-info-wrapper"> 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t=JSON.parse(n.data),r=t.language,i=t.code,l=t.immediateClose;e.postMessage(a.highlight(i,a.languages[r],r)),l&&e.close()}),!1),a):a;var g=a.util.currentScript();function f(){a.manual||a.highlightAll()}if(g&&(a.filename=g.src,g.hasAttribute("data-manual")&&(a.manual=!0)),!a.manual){var h=document.readyState;"loading"===h||"interactive"===h&&g&&g.defer?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",f):window.requestAnimationFrame?window.requestAnimationFrame(f):window.setTimeout(f,16)}return a}(_self);"undefined"!=typeof module&&module.exports&&(module.exports=Prism),"undefined"!=typeof global&&(global.Prism=Prism); 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s={};s["language-"+e]={pattern:/(^<!\[CDATA\[)[\s\S]+?(?=\]\]>$)/i,lookbehind:!0,inside:Prism.languages[e]},s.cdata=/^<!\[CDATA\[|\]\]>$/i;var t={"included-cdata":{pattern:/<!\[CDATA\[[\s\S]*?\]\]>/i,inside:s}};t["language-"+e]={pattern:/[\s\S]+/,inside:Prism.languages[e]};var n={};n[a]={pattern:RegExp("(<__[^>]*>)(?:<!\\[CDATA\\[(?:[^\\]]|\\](?!\\]>))*\\]\\]>|(?!<!\\[CDATA\\[)[^])*?(?=</__>)".replace(/__/g,(function(){return 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e=/(?:"(?:\\(?:\r\n|[\s\S])|[^"\\\r\n])*"|'(?:\\(?:\r\n|[\s\S])|[^'\\\r\n])*')/;s.languages.css={comment:/\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\//,atrule:{pattern:RegExp("@[\\w-](?:[^;{\\s\"']|\\s+(?!\\s)|"+e.source+")*?(?:;|(?=\\s*\\{))"),inside:{rule:/^@[\w-]+/,"selector-function-argument":{pattern:/(\bselector\s*\(\s*(?![\s)]))(?:[^()\s]|\s+(?![\s)])|\((?:[^()]|\([^()]*\))*\))+(?=\s*\))/,lookbehind:!0,alias:"selector"},keyword:{pattern:/(^|[^\w-])(?:and|not|only|or)(?![\w-])/,lookbehind:!0}}},url:{pattern:RegExp("\\burl\\((?:"+e.source+"|(?:[^\\\\\r\n()\"']|\\\\[^])*)\\)","i"),greedy:!0,inside:{function:/^url/i,punctuation:/^\(|\)$/,string:{pattern:RegExp("^"+e.source+"$"),alias:"url"}}},selector:{pattern:RegExp("(^|[{}\\s])[^{}\\s](?:[^{};\"'\\s]|\\s+(?![\\s{])|"+e.source+")*(?=\\s*\\{)"),lookbehind:!0},string:{pattern:e,greedy:!0},property:{pattern:/(^|[^-\w\xA0-\uFFFF])(?!\s)[-_a-z\xA0-\uFFFF](?:(?!\s)[-\w\xA0-\uFFFF])*(?=\s*:)/i,lookbehind:!0},important:/!important\b/i,function:{pattern:/(^|[^-a-z0-9])[-a-z0-9]+(?=\()/i,lookbehind:!0},punctuation:/[(){};:,]/},s.languages.css.atrule.inside.rest=s.languages.css;var 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