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class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organization 2023</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization_2023-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization 2023 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization_2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_subordinate_commands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_subordinate_commands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Major subordinate commands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_subordinate_commands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supporting_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supporting_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Supporting organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supporting_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commanding_generals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commanding_generals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Commanding generals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commanding_generals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable personnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="جيش الولايات المتحدة في أوروبا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيش الولايات المتحدة في أوروبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="United States Army Europe and Africa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="United States Army Europe and Africa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/7e_arm%C3%A9e_(%C3%89tats-Unis)" title="7e armée (États-Unis) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="7e armée (États-Unis)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD-%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EC%9C%A1%EA%B5%B0" title="미국 유럽-아프리카 육군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 유럽-아프리카 육군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe" title="United States Army Europe – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="United States Army Europe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentera_Darat_Eropah_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Tentera Darat Eropah Amerika Syarikat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tentera Darat Eropah Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/7e_Leger_(Verenigde_Staten)" title="7e Leger (Verenigde Staten) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="7e Leger (Verenigde Staten)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E6%AC%A7%E5%B7%9E%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="アメリカ欧州・アフリカ陸軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ欧州・アフリカ陸軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comandamentul_Statelor_Unite_pentru_Europa_%C8%99i_Africa" title="Comandamentul Statelor Unite pentru Europa și Africa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Comandamentul Statelor Unite pentru Europa și Africa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_%D0%B2_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Командование Армии США в Европе и Африке – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Командование Армии США в Европе и Африке" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poveljstvo_Kopenske_vojske_Zdru%C5%BEenih_dr%C5%BEav_Amerike_v_Evropi" title="Poveljstvo Kopenske vojske Združenih držav Amerike v Evropi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poveljstvo Kopenske vojske Združenih držav Amerike v Evropi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_7._armeija" title="Yhdysvaltain 7. armeija – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain 7. armeija" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="United States Army Europe and Africa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="United States Army Europe and Africa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_%D0%B2_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96" title="Командування армії США в Європі та Африці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Командування армії США в Європі та Африці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%88%87%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="美國歐洲與非洲陸軍 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美國歐洲與非洲陸軍" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181197#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Seventh_United_States_Army" title="Seventh United States Army">Seventh United States Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">United States Africa Command</a>, or <a href="/wiki/United_States_European_Command" title="United States European Command">United States European Command</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Army service component command (ASCC)/theater army of the United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">United States Army Europe and Africa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USAREUR_Insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/150px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/225px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/300px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="538" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_sleeve_insignia_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder sleeve insignia (United States Army)">Shoulder Sleeve Insignia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1942–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/43px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Component_Command" title="Army Service Component Command">Army Service Component Command</a>/<a href="/wiki/Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">Theater</a> Army</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">Headquarters</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Army.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Army.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Army.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a></li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USEUCOM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/USEUCOM.svg/25px-USEUCOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/USEUCOM.svg/38px-USEUCOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/USEUCOM.svg/50px-USEUCOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="220" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_European_Command" title="United States European Command">European Command</a></li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Africa_Command.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Seal_of_the_United_States_Africa_Command.svg/25px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Africa_Command.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Seal_of_the_United_States_Africa_Command.svg/38px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Africa_Command.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Seal_of_the_United_States_Africa_Command.svg/50px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Africa_Command.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="792" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">Africa Command</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrison/HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lucius_D._Clay_Kaserne" title="Lucius D. Clay Kaserne">Lucius D. Clay Kaserne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Sword of Freedom</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/White" title="White">White</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">red</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">Campaigns</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Line" title="Winter Line">Rome-Arno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Northern France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Southern France</a><br />(with <a href="/wiki/Arrowhead_device" title="Arrowhead device">arrowhead</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_advance_from_Paris_to_the_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine">Rhineland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes-Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Central Europe</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europeafrica.army.mil/">www<wbr />.europeafrica<wbr />.army<wbr />.mil</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General,_United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="Commanding General, United States Army Europe and Africa">Commanding General</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">Gen.</a> <a href="/wiki/Darryl_A._Williams" title="Darryl A. Williams">Darryl A. Williams</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Deputy Commanding General</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lt. Gen.</a> <a href="/wiki/Sean_Bernabe" title="Sean Bernabe">Sean Bernabe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Command_sergeant_major" title="Command sergeant major">Command Sergeant Major</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Command Sgt. Maj. Jeremiah E. Inman</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Distinctive_unit_insignia" title="Distinctive unit insignia">Distinctive unit insignia</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Army_Europe_DUI.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/United_States_Army_Europe_DUI.svg/100px-United_States_Army_Europe_DUI.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/United_States_Army_Europe_DUI.svg/150px-United_States_Army_Europe_DUI.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/United_States_Army_Europe_DUI.svg/200px-United_States_Army_Europe_DUI.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Combat_service_identification_badge" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat service identification badge">Combat service identification badge</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USAREUR-AF_CSIB.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/USAREUR-AF_CSIB.png/125px-USAREUR-AF_CSIB.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/USAREUR-AF_CSIB.png/188px-USAREUR-AF_CSIB.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/USAREUR-AF_CSIB.png/250px-USAREUR-AF_CSIB.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/NATO_Joint_Military_Symbology" title="NATO Joint Military Symbology">NATO Map Symbol</a><br />(1997)</th><td class="infobox-data"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NATO_Map_Symbol_-_Unit_Size_-_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/NATO_Map_Symbol_-_Unit_Size_-_Army.svg/100px-NATO_Map_Symbol_-_Unit_Size_-_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/NATO_Map_Symbol_-_Unit_Size_-_Army.svg/150px-NATO_Map_Symbol_-_Unit_Size_-_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/NATO_Map_Symbol_-_Unit_Size_-_Army.svg/200px-NATO_Map_Symbol_-_Unit_Size_-_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="135" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_(Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame)-_AA_-_US_Army_Europe_(FM_101-5-1,_1997_September_30).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_AA_-_US_Army_Europe_%28FM_101-5-1%2C_1997_September_30%29.svg/100px-Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_AA_-_US_Army_Europe_%28FM_101-5-1%2C_1997_September_30%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_AA_-_US_Army_Europe_%28FM_101-5-1%2C_1997_September_30%29.svg/150px-Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_AA_-_US_Army_Europe_%28FM_101-5-1%2C_1997_September_30%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_AA_-_US_Army_Europe_%28FM_101-5-1%2C_1997_September_30%29.svg/200px-Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_AA_-_US_Army_Europe_%28FM_101-5-1%2C_1997_September_30%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p><b>United States Army Europe and Africa</b> (<b>USAREUR-AF</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Component_Command" title="Army Service Component Command">Army Service Component Command (ASCC)</a> /<a href="/wiki/Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">Theater</a> Army responsible for directing <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> operations throughout the <a href="/wiki/United_States_European_Command" title="United States European Command">U.S. European Command (EUCOM)</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">U.S. Africa Command</a> (AFRICOM) <a href="/wiki/Area_of_responsibility" title="Area of responsibility">area of responsibility</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-organization_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-organization-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, it supervised ground formations primarily focused upon the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> to the east as part of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Central_Army_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Army Group">Central Army Group</a>. Since the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">revolutions of 1989</a>, it has greatly reduced its size, dispatched U.S. forces to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf Wars</a> of 1990-91 and the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a> and increased security cooperation with other NATO land forces. From 1967 to 2006, the U.S. Army Europe dual hatted with the <b>Seventh Army</b>. The Seventh Army has since been dissolved and merged into the command. </p><p>In 2020, the Army announced that <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Africa">United States Army Africa</a> would consolidate with U.S. Army Europe to form a new command, U.S. Army Europe and Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two commands were consolidated on November 20, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this section by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Theater_of_Operations,_United_States_Army" title="European Theater of Operations, United States Army">European Theater of Operations, United States Army</a> (ETOUSA) was a Theater of Operations responsible for directing United States Army operations throughout the <a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">European theatre of World War II</a> from 1942 to 1945. It commanded <a href="/wiki/Army_Ground_Forces" title="Army Ground Forces">U.S. Army Ground Forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">U.S. Army Air Forces</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Forces" title="Army Service Forces">U.S. Army Service Forces</a> operations north of Italy and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> coast. It was bordered to the south by the North African Theater of Operations, US Army (NATOUSA), which later became the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Theater_of_Operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Theater of Operations">Mediterranean Theater of Operations</a> (MTOUSA). </p><p>When the war ended in Europe on 8 May 1945, the ETOUSA headquarters was located in <a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a>, France, just outside Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSAREUR2014_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSAREUR2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Eisenhower and his staff began to prepare for the occupation of Germany, the ETOUSA headquarters staff moved to Frankfurt, Germany. In Frankfurt the staff was co-located with the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Forces and the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Military_Government,_United_States" title="Office of Military Government, United States">Office of Military Government, United States</a>. ETOUSA was redesignated Headquarters, United States Forces European Theater (HQ USFET) on 1 July 1945, remaining in Frankfurt. </p><p>At the end of the war, the total U.S. Army strength in Europe was 2.4 million: two Army groups (<a href="/wiki/Sixth_United_States_Army_Group" title="Sixth United States Army Group">6th</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_United_States_Army_Group" title="Twelfth United States Army Group">12th</a>), five field armies (<a href="/wiki/First_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="First United States Army">First</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Third United States Army">Third</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh_United_States_Army" title="Seventh United States Army">Seventh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ninth_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninth United States Army">Ninth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_United_States_Army" title="Fifteenth United States Army">Fifteenth</a>), 13 corps headquarters, and 62 combat divisions (43 infantry, 16 armor, and 3 airborne).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSAREUR2014_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSAREUR2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 11,000 tanks and armored fighting vehicles. Within a year rapid redeployments had brought the occupation forces down to fewer than 290,000 personnel, and many of the larger formations had departed or been inactivated. </p><p>The Seventh Army headquarters remained in control of the western portion of the American zone, and the Third Army controlled the eastern portion. In November 1945, the two field army commanders organized district "constabularies" based on cavalry groups. The Seventh Army was inactivated in March 1946, in Germany. On 1 May 1946, the zone-wide <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constabulary" title="United States Constabulary">United States Constabulary</a> headquarters was activated at <a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Bamberg</a>. In mid-1946, the tactical units consisted of the Third Army (Heidelberg) with three infantry divisions (1st, 3rd and 9th) and several separate regiments (3rd, 14th, <a href="/wiki/29th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="29th Infantry Regiment (United States)">29th</a> and <a href="/wiki/508th_Parachute_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="508th Parachute Infantry Regiment">508th Airborne</a>). The 3rd Infantry Division was in the process of being redeployed back to the United States. Another separate infantry regiment – the 5th – was located in Austria but came under the control of US Forces in Austria.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947 Headquarters Third Army returned to the United States. From then until the early 1950s, the structure of the American occupation forces consisted of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Infantry Division (United States)">1st Infantry Division</a>, a separate infantry regiment, and the U.S. Constabulary of 10 cavalry regiments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSAREUR2014_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSAREUR2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1947 to 1954, the <a href="/wiki/351st_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="351st Infantry Regiment (United States)">351st Infantry Regiment</a> served as the main body of <a href="/wiki/Trieste_United_States_Troops" title="Trieste United States Troops">Trieste United States Troops</a>, on the border of Yugoslavia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_War">Cold War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this section by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7th_US_Army_1957.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/7th_US_Army_1957.PNG/220px-7th_US_Army_1957.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/7th_US_Army_1957.PNG/330px-7th_US_Army_1957.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/7th_US_Army_1957.PNG/440px-7th_US_Army_1957.PNG 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption>Major Unit Headquarters of U.S. Army Europe, 1957.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:V_%26_VII_Corps_Garrison_Footprint.001.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/V_%26_VII_Corps_Garrison_Footprint.001.tiff/lossless-page1-220px-V_%26_VII_Corps_Garrison_Footprint.001.tiff.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/V_%26_VII_Corps_Garrison_Footprint.001.tiff/lossless-page1-330px-V_%26_VII_Corps_Garrison_Footprint.001.tiff.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/V_%26_VII_Corps_Garrison_Footprint.001.tiff/lossless-page1-440px-V_%26_VII_Corps_Garrison_Footprint.001.tiff.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>V & VII Corps USAREUR Garrisons in the 1980s</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/CENTAG_wartime_structure_in_1989" title="CENTAG wartime structure in 1989">CENTAG wartime structure in 1989</a></div> <p>On 15 March 1947, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forces,_European_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Forces, European Theater">United States Forces, European Theater</a> (USFET) was "replaced by the army command known as European Command (EUCOM). ..The Army element of the joint European Command headquarters was initially called Headquarters, U.S. Ground and Service Forces, Europe."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrederiksen195332_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrederiksen195332-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 March 1947, HQ USFET was formally redesignated Headquarters, European Command (HQ EUCOM) (not to be confused with the present joint command, "USEUCOM", which was formed on 1 August 1952). Between February and June 1948 the headquarters relocated to <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Barracks" title="Campbell Barracks">Campbell Barracks</a> in Heidelberg, where it remained until June 2013. The Army element of the joint European Command headquarters was initially called Headquarters, U.S. Ground and Service Forces, Europe. </p><p>On 15 November 1947, U.S. Ground and Service Forces, Europe, was renamed U.S. Army, Europe (USAREUR) to accord with the new <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a> nomenclature for such commands. USAREUR was a nonoperational, "paper" organization that provides the ground and service commander with the command functions required for administrative and logistical support.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To it were assigned all ground and service units in the command except those assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Military_Government,_United_States" title="Office of Military Government, United States">Office of Military Government, United States</a>; to the Office of the Commander in Chief of European Command; to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Forces_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Forces Europe">U.S. Air Forces Europe</a>; to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Navy,_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.S. Navy, Germany (page does not exist)">U.S. Navy, Germany</a>; and to a few exempted War Department agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-USAU45_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAU45-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The offices and personnel of the general and special staff divisions of EUCOM headquarters performed USAREUR's general and special staff duties. The principal function of the commanding general of USAREUR became the establishment and maintenance of high standards of discipline. General Huebner also became Commanding General, USAREUR.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrederiksen195332_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrederiksen195332-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USAU45_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAU45-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a> began 24 June 1948 when the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway and road access to the sectors of Berlin under Allied control. Even though Allied forces in the city were outnumbered 50–1, General Lucius D. Clay, in charge of the US Occupation Zone in Germany, gave the order for the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Airlift" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Airlift">Berlin Airlift</a>. Headquartered out of <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden_Army_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiesbaden Army Airfield">Wiesbaden Army Airfield</a>, the Allies supplied almost 9,000 tons per day of supplies to the beleaguered city until the blockade was lifted on 12 May 1949. </p><p>From 1948 to 1950, Cold War tensions grew, and the outbreak of hostilities in Korea in June 1950 heightened east–west tensions in Europe. The Seventh Army was reactivated at <a href="/wiki/Vaihingen_an_der_Enz" title="Vaihingen an der Enz">Vaihingen</a>, Stuttgart in late November 1950. The two U.S. Army division sized units in the U.S. Occupation Zone of Germany, the First Infantry Division and the U.S. Constabulary, were assigned to the Seventh Army. Within a few weeks other assignments to the Seventh Army included the <a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(United_States)" title="V Corps (United States)">V</a> and <a href="/wiki/VII_Corps_(United_States)" title="VII Corps (United States)">VII Corps</a>. Due to President Truman's 10 December 1950 Declaration of a National Emergency as a result of circumstances in the Korean War, four CONUS based U.S. Army divisions were alerted to move to the U.S. Occupation Zone of Germany (these divisions were known as the augmentation force to the U.S. Army in Europe). A main concern was possible Soviet attempts to "take advantage" due to their numerical superiority in Germany during the Korean War. The first augmentation division to arrive overseas in Germany was the <a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="4th Infantry Division (United States)">4th Infantry Division</a> in May 1951, followed by the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Armored Division (United States)">2nd Armored Division</a> and the <a href="/wiki/43rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="43rd Infantry Division (United States)">43rd</a> and <a href="/wiki/28th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="28th Infantry Division (United States)">28th Infantry Divisions</a> during summer and fall of 1951. </p><p>On 24 November 1950 EUCOM activated HHC <a href="/wiki/Seventh_United_States_Army" title="Seventh United States Army">Seventh United States Army</a> at Stuttgart to take over the command of the ground and service forces from USAREUR, while other USAREUR functions revert to EUCOM. General Eddy became CG of Seventh Army. HQ USAREUR continued to exist, without troops, to fulfilled certain legal requirements in connection with court-martial and other responsibilities. </p><p>A new joint, multi-service <a href="/wiki/United_States_European_Command" title="United States European Command">United States European Command</a> was established in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, Germany on 1 August 1952. General <a href="/wiki/Matthew_B._Ridgway" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew B. Ridgway">Matthew B. Ridgway</a> became commander and Gen. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_T._Handy" title="Thomas T. Handy">Thomas T. Handy</a> deputy commander. On that day, the U.S. Army headquarters at Heidelberg, formerly known as EUCOM, became Headquarters, United States Army, Europe. It remained in Heidelberg under the temporary command of General Handy (who wore two hats in both USEUCOM and USAREUR for a while). As Cold War tensions continued to escalate in 1952, General <a href="/wiki/Williston_B._Palmer" title="Williston B. Palmer">Williston B. Palmer</a> commanding the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Armored Division (United States)">2nd Armored Division</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> authorized the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Army_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra">Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra</a> in Vaihingen-Stuttgart under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adler_(composer)" title="Samuel Adler (composer)">Samuel Adler</a> in support of U.S. <a href="/wiki/Cultural_diplomacy" title="Cultural diplomacy">cultural diplomacy</a> throughout Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1953, the Korean War Armistice was signed, and tensions began to ease in Europe. About 13,500 soldiers manned each of the USAREUR divisions. New equipment fielded at the time included the <a href="/wiki/M48_Patton_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="M48 Patton tank">M48 tank</a>, the <a href="/wiki/M59_armored_personnel_carrier" title="M59 armored personnel carrier">M59 armored personnel carrier</a>, and tactical nuclear weapons. On 25 October 1955, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Europe Task Force">Southern Europe Task Force</a> (SETAF), a logistical command, was formally activated in Italy. The headquarters, commanded by Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/John_H._Michaelis" title="John H. Michaelis">John H. Michaelis</a>, was temporarily established at Camp Darby, near Livorno, Italy with units additionally stationed in Vicenza and Verona. Shortly after activation, SETAF moved the headquarters to Caserma Passalacqua in Verona, Italy. An airborne battalion eventually joined SETAF. </p><p>On 15 July 1958 USAREUR forces were ordered to assist the Lebanese government. Task Force 201, the Army component of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue_Bat" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Blue Bat">Operation Blue Bat</a> rapidly deployed more than 8,000 Soldiers from Europe to Beirut by air and sea. As the situation quickly stabilized, all U.S. forces redeployed from the country within 4 months. </p><p>Although the Korean War – open East–West conflict – had ended, political tensions remained high in Europe. Particularly troublesome was the impasse over the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a> (West Germany, the former British, French and U.S. zones of occupation) and the <a href="/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="German Democratic Republic">German Democratic Republic</a> (East Germany, the former Soviet zone of occupation). East Germany [the DDR] was considered by many countries over the years to be nothing more than the Soviet Zone of Occupation; this changed in 1973 with the UN recognition of both Germanies. </p><p>Berlin posed an additional problem; it was surrounded by East Germany, but Great Britain, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union all occupied sectors in the city. In the early years, travel between the sectors was unrestricted. At the time Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev announced in June 1961 that the Soviet Union was planning to conclude a peace treaty with the East German government, 3,000 East German refugees flowed daily into Berlin. </p><p>Suddenly on the night of 12 August 1961, the Soviets closed the border crossing points and began to construct the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a>, isolating the three western sectors of the city both from East Germany and the Soviet sector, or East Berlin. In response, the United States deployed an additional armored cavalry regiment to Europe, along with additional support units. USAREUR strength reached a post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> high of 277,342 in June 1962 as the crisis deepened. That 1946–1991 Cold War maximum USAREUR troop record gradually reduced over time. </p><p>The command dispatched the reinforced 1st Battle Group, <a href="/wiki/18th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="18th Infantry Regiment (United States)">18th Infantry Regiment</a>, to Berlin to strengthen the existing garrison (2nd and 3rd Battle Groups, 6th Infantry).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackworthSherman1989378–379,_384_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackworthSherman1989378–379,_384-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nuclear armed USAREUR did not go to DEFCON 3 during 22 Oct to 20 November 1962 <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a> due to political reasons. Almost all other US Forces worldwide were at DEFCON 3 per JFK's 22 October speech and direction to the Pentagon. </p><p>The crisis cooled in Berlin from 1962 to 1963, and augmenting forces returned to the United States. Equipment modernization programs during this period included the <a href="/wiki/M113_armored_personnel_carrier" title="M113 armored personnel carrier">M113 armored personnel carrier</a>, the <a href="/wiki/M14_rifle" title="M14 rifle">M14 rifle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/M60_machine_gun" title="M60 machine gun">M60 machine gun</a>, the <a href="/wiki/OV-1_Mohawk" class="mw-redirect" title="OV-1 Mohawk">OV-1 fixed wing observation aircraft</a>, the <a href="/wiki/UH-1B" class="mw-redirect" title="UH-1B">UH-1B Huey helicopter</a>, the <a href="/wiki/M151_MUTT" class="mw-redirect" title="M151 MUTT">M151 MUTT</a> truck, and the <a href="/wiki/M60_Patton" class="mw-redirect" title="M60 Patton">M60 Patton</a> tank. In late 1963 Operation BIG LIFT tested the use of prepositioned equipment through redeployment of the 2nd Armored Division to Europe via a single airlift. </p><p>In 1966, France withdrew from the <a href="/wiki/NATO_Military_Command_Structure" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO Military Command Structure">NATO Military Command Structure</a>, and U.S. forces were withdrawn from France. The communications zone headquarters moved from Orleans, France, to Worms, Germany, (and later to Kaiserslautern, where as 21st Theater Support Command it remains today). USEUCOM moved to Stuttgart. </p><p>On 1 December 1966, the separate Seventh Army headquarters was eliminated, and HQ USAREUR became Headquarters and Headquarters Company, U.S. Army Europe and Seventh Army. </p><p>In January 1967, in accordance with Headquarters <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a> Msg NR DA796059 dated 9 January 1967, the USAREUR and Seventh Army staffs were combined to become U.S. Army Europe/Seventh Army. Nearly forty years later, Army Campaign Plan DP 58 (circa 2006) effectively dropped the Seventh Army title. Decisions that took effect in 2006 stated that the official designation would be "United States Army Europe" (USAREUR).<sup id="cite_ref-go0618_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-go0618-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-exsum_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exsum-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ar10-87_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar10-87-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization perpetuates the lineage and honors of the Seventh Army and authorized the display and wear of appropriate Seventh Army heraldic items. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M-60A3_near_Giessen_in_Germany_1985.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/M-60A3_near_Giessen_in_Germany_1985.JPEG/220px-M-60A3_near_Giessen_in_Germany_1985.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/M-60A3_near_Giessen_in_Germany_1985.JPEG/330px-M-60A3_near_Giessen_in_Germany_1985.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/M-60A3_near_Giessen_in_Germany_1985.JPEG/440px-M-60A3_near_Giessen_in_Germany_1985.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1982" /></a><figcaption>A M-60A3 near <a href="/wiki/Giessen" title="Giessen">Giessen</a> in West Germany, 1985.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first Redeployment of Forces from Germany took place in 1968, with the removal of about 28,000 military personnel from Germany. The units and personnel withdrawn remained committed to NATO and during <a href="/wiki/REFORGER" class="mw-redirect" title="REFORGER">REFORGER</a> I – Return of Forces to Germany – conducted in January 1969, more than 12,000 soldiers returned to Germany for an exercise using pre-positioned equipment. </p><p>In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the needs of the war in Vietnam reduced USAREUR's assigned strength, sometimes drastically. As the war began to wane, forces began to return to Europe, and USAREUR adopted a new system based upon the community commander concept. In 1974, efforts to streamline the headquarters resulted in the termination of the U.S. Theater Army Support Command, and its replacement by a smaller organization, the 21st Theater Army Area Command, now known as <a href="/wiki/21st_Theater_Sustainment_Command" title="21st Theater Sustainment Command">21st Theater Sustainment Command (TSC)</a>. </p><p>In the 1970s, USAREUR continued to improve its firepower when it received the new <a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">M16A1 rifle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/BGM-71_TOW" title="BGM-71 TOW">TOW anti-tank weapon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/OH-58_Kiowa" class="mw-redirect" title="OH-58 Kiowa">OH-58 Kiowa</a> observation helicopter, and the <a href="/wiki/AH-1_Cobra" class="mw-redirect" title="AH-1 Cobra">AH-1G Cobra helicopter</a>. </p><p>During the 1970s, force protection concerns grew as Palestinian groups brazenly conducted terror operations in Europe, such as the kidnapping of Israeli athletes during the 1972 Munich Olympics, and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army_Faction" title="Red Army Faction">Red Army Faction</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Brigades" title="Red Brigades">Red Brigades</a> targeted U.S. facilities and personnel with bombings, kidnapping and assassinations. In May 1972 bombs exploded at V Corps headquarters in Frankfurt, killing an Army lieutenant colonel, and in Heidelberg at <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Barracks" title="Campbell Barracks">Campbell Barracks</a>, killing three Soldiers. U.S. installations were attacked sporadically throughout the remainder of the decade, including a failed 1977 attack on a U.S. Army post in <a href="/wiki/Giessen" title="Giessen">Giessen</a>. </p><p>On 15 September 1981, an assassination attempt was made on USAREUR commander Gen. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_J._Kroesen" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick J. Kroesen">Frederick J. Kroesen</a> and his wife as they were driving through Heidelberg—the automobile trunk lid deflected the <a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a> anti-tank projectile. In 1985 Army <a href="/wiki/Specialist_(rank)" title="Specialist (rank)">Specialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Pimental" title="Edward Pimental">Edward Pimental</a> was lured out of a <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a> nightclub and killed for his ID card which was then used to enter <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Main_Air_Base" title="Rhein-Main Air Base">Rhein-Main Air Base</a> the next day to plant a bomb that killed two. And in 1986 a bombing at a Berlin disco frequented by service members killed two Soldiers. </p><p>With increased combat and support components in place, the command undertook a wide-ranging modernization in the decade of the 1980s. More than 400 new systems were introduced, including individual weapons, field rations, the <a href="/wiki/M1A1_Abrams_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="M1A1 Abrams tank">M1A1 Abrams tank</a>, the M2 and M3 <a href="/wiki/Bradley_Fighting_Vehicle" title="Bradley Fighting Vehicle">Bradley</a> series of infantry and cavalry fighting vehicles, the <a href="/wiki/MLRS_M270" class="mw-redirect" title="MLRS M270">Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/MIM-104_Patriot" title="MIM-104 Patriot">MIM-104 Patriot</a> air defense system, the <a href="/wiki/UH-60_Black_Hawk" class="mw-redirect" title="UH-60 Black Hawk">UH-60 Black Hawk</a> and the <a href="/wiki/AH-64A_Apache" class="mw-redirect" title="AH-64A Apache">AH-64A Apache</a> helicopters. </p><p>In January 1967, in accordance with Headquarters <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a> Msg NR DA796059 dated 9 January 1967, the USAREUR and Seventh Army staffs were merged to become Headquarters and Headquarters Company, United States Army Europe and Seventh Army (HHC USAREUR 7A). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changes_of_the_1990s">Changes of the 1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Changes of the 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this section by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The dramatic events of the late 1980s – the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>, and the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> – combined to change USAREUR again. Intermediate nuclear weapons of the <a href="/wiki/56th_Field_Artillery_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="56th Field Artillery Command">56th Field Artillery Command</a> were withdrawn, chemical weapons were moved out of Europe, and units began to depart the European continent while others were inactivated. </p><p>When Iraq invaded Kuwait in August 1990, USAREUR began deploying units to the region. The first deployments from USAREUR to Saudi Arabia in August 1990 included the 45th Medical Company, an element of the 421st Medical Battalion (AA), and advance elements of <a href="/wiki/12th_Aviation_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Aviation Brigade">12th Aviation Brigade</a>, which by September had deployed two Apache attack helicopter battalions, an <a href="/wiki/Bell_OH-58_Kiowa" title="Bell OH-58 Kiowa">OH-58 Kiowa</a> scout helicopter company, a Black Hawk utility helicopter company, a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook" title="Boeing CH-47 Chinook">CH-47 Chinook</a> platoon, and associated support and maintenance units. These were quickly followed by intelligence specialists, chemical warfare experts, logistical personnel, many individual replacements, and finally almost the entire <a href="/wiki/VII_Corps_(United_States)" title="VII Corps (United States)">VII Corps</a>. </p><p>The command eventually deployed more than 75,000 personnel plus 1,200 tanks, 1,700 armored combat vehicles, more than 650 pieces of artillery, and more than 325 aircraft. When the war ended, many USAREUR soldiers remained to complete the logistical cleanup; others were deployed to northern Iraq or Turkey as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Provide_Comfort" title="Operation Provide Comfort">Operation Provide Comfort</a> to aid refugees. Upon their return to Europe, many also found that their units were in the process of either relocating to the Continental United States (CONUS) or inactivating. </p><p>In 1992 alone, about 70,000 soldiers redeployed to CONUS with about 90,000 family members. The command shrank from 213,000 soldiers in 1990 to 122,000 in 1992. The <a href="/wiki/VII_Corps_(United_States)" title="VII Corps (United States)">VII Corps</a> was inactivated. From 858 installations in 1990, USAREUR went down to only 415 in 1993 with more scheduled to close in the years ahead. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> and the subsequent drawdowns, USAREUR faced a wholly different challenge in Europe. The command was engaged in humanitarian support operations, to include disaster relief and rescue and recovery, peacekeeping and non-combatant evacuations. Between 1990 and 1993 the command supported 42 deployments, which involved a total of 95,579 personnel. </p><p>Conflict in the Balkans quickly became one of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>'s primary areas of focus, and peace enforcement in Bosnia was a harbinger of future military operations. From 1990 to 1995 USAREUR conducted mostly humanitarian operations in the area. In October 1992, USAREUR sent the 212th <a href="/wiki/Mobile_army_surgical_hospital_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile army surgical hospital (United States)">Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH)</a> and personnel from the 7th Medical Command to <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, Croatia to provide medical support for <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Protection_Force" title="United Nations Protection Force">United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)</a> casualties. Throughout 1993–1995, USAREUR's 5th Quartermaster Company, in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_%E2%80%93_Air_Forces_Africa" title="United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa">United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE)</a>, delivered humanitarian aid to the region. </p><p>In June 1993, the command formed Task Force Able Sentry in the <a href="/wiki/Former_Yugoslav_Republic_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia">Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia</a> with the headquarters at Camp Able Sentry near the capital <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>. These forces, along with personnel from 26 other countries, were originally part of the UNPROFOR which in 1995 became the U.N. Preventative Deployment force (UNPREDEP) deterring the spread of armed conflict. Upon expiration of the initial UN mandate in February 1999, USAREUR renamed the U.S. Army organization Task Force Sabre, with the task to protect U.S. facilities and equipment. They were relieved in June 1999 by the U. S. national support element to <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Force" title="Kosovo Force">Kosovo Force (KFOR)</a>-<a href="/wiki/Task_Force_Falcon_(United_States)" title="Task Force Falcon (United States)">Task Force Falcon</a> (Rear). U.S. Soldiers left Camp Able Sentry in 2002, but it remained as a contractor operated logistics base until Aug. 2004 when all U.S. personnel departed and NATO assumed control of the camp. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Peace_Accords" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayton Peace Accords">Dayton Peace Accords</a> were reached in November 1995, USAREUR's <a href="/wiki/1st_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Armored Division (United States)">1st Armored Division</a> began deploying there in December, with the first <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">Lockheed C-130 Hercules</a> landing in <a href="/wiki/Tuzla" title="Tuzla">Tuzla</a> in Bosnia, on 2 December, and the first trains departing Germany 8 December. One major barrier to the deployment of the 1st Armored Division was the bridge over the <a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a> River, which was destroyed during the four-year civil war. Construction of the longest assault float bridge in military history, 620 meters long, ribbon float (pontoon) bridge between <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> began on 22 December. </p><p>Despite melting snow that flooded the river and later, freezing temperatures, the bridge was completed on 31 December and the first <a href="/wiki/M1A1_Abrams_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="M1A1 Abrams tank">M1A1 Abrams tank</a> crossed the bridge at 10 am. The division, along with many <a href="/wiki/Reserve_components_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces">Reserve Component</a> support troops, formed Task Force Eagle as part of the NATO-led <a href="/wiki/Implementation_Force" title="Implementation Force">Implementation Force</a>, under the overall command of British General <a href="/wiki/Michael_Walker,_Baron_Walker_of_Aldringham" title="Michael Walker, Baron Walker of Aldringham">Michael Walker</a>. Task Force Eagle's mission was to implement and monitor the military aspects of the agreement, enforce the cease-fire, supervise the marking of boundaries and the zone of separation between the former warring factions, and enforce the withdrawal of the combatants to their barracks and the movement of heavy weapons to storage sites. </p><p>It was the first time a NATO sponsored force had deployed operationally outside the NATO boundaries. IFOR was succeeded in December 1996 by a smaller, NATO-led <a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_Force_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Stabilisation Force</a> (SFOR) (Operation Joint Guard) whose mission was to deter renewed hostilities. On 20 June 1998 the mission was renamed Operation Joint Forge, with USAREUR continuing to serve as the supervising <a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Component_Command" title="Army Service Component Command">Army Service Component Command</a>. On 24 November 2004, Task Force Eagle officially disestablished and closed its base in Tuzla, with European Union forces assuming responsibility for the Bosnia mission. </p><p>In early 1999, in response to growing ethnic tensions in Kosovo and military and paramilitary forces in daily conflict resulting in the more than 1,500 Kosovar Albanian deaths and 400,000 refugees, USAREUR formed Task Force Falcon, with the 1st Infantry Division as the core element. On 9 June 1999, after an inconclusive air campaign, Task Force Falcon deployed forces in the largest combined air-rail-sea-road movement since Operation Desert Storm, entering Kosovo on 12 June 1999, as part of Operation Joint Guardian, a NATO-led peacekeeping force with a UN mandate to separate warring factions, oversee the withdrawal of Serb forces and interdict the flow of arms to insurgents. </p><p>On 17 February 2008, the Kosovo Assembly declared Kosovo independent. Currently, the U.S. Army, with approx. 800 Soldiers, has the lead for Multinational Battle Group East (MNBG-E) in the eastern region, headquartered near Uroševac at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Bondsteel" title="Camp Bondsteel">Camp Bondsteel</a> as part of KFOR. Contributing nations include Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Ukraine. The majority of U.S. Soldiers come from U.S. <a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">Army National Guard</a> units, with a different state taking over the lead for each rotation of approximately nine months. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twenty-first_century">Twenty-first century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Twenty-first century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/11_September_2001_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="11 September 2001 attacks">11 September 2001 attacks</a> did not directly affect the Seventh Army. However, the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">campaign in Iraq</a> in 2003 did. The headquarters of <a href="/wiki/U.S._V_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. V Corps">V Corps</a> was deployed to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, as did <a href="/wiki/173rd_Airborne_Brigade_Combat_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team">173rd Airborne Brigade</a>, and after the campaign, <a href="/wiki/US_1st_Armored_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="US 1st Armored Division">1st Armored Division</a> followed for occupation duties. With parts of <a href="/wiki/U.S._1st_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 1st Infantry Division">1st Infantry Division</a> also deployed in Iraq, and others on peacekeeping duties in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, Seventh Army was virtually stripped of combat formations. The return of 173rd Brigade, V Corps and 1st Armored Division in early 2004 was followed by the deployment of the rest of 1st Infantry Division for occupation duties. V Corps began a rotational deployment in 2009 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. </p><p>The U.S. Army's reorganization plans from 2005 called for the formation's major subordinate units – <a href="/wiki/1st_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Armored Division (United States)">1st Armored Division</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._1st_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 1st Infantry Division">1st Infantry Division</a> – to be relocated to the continental United States – <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bliss" title="Fort Bliss">Fort Bliss</a>, Texas, and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Riley" title="Fort Riley">Fort Riley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, respectively. The <a href="/wiki/2nd_Stryker_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment (United States)">2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment</a>, converted to a <a href="/wiki/Stryker" title="Stryker">Stryker</a> Brigade, and the 12th Aviation Brigade, replaced them. The Seventh Army, having been merged with US Army Europe since 1967, remained merged, as was confirmed with the release of unit designations for the modular force in mid 1996. </p><p>HQ USAREUR and V Corps were planned to merge and the process started until the decision was made to retain a Corps Headquarters within USAREUR, and V Corps was once again separated from HQ USAREUR. It was then decided that V Corps would deactivate after a final deployment to Afghanistan. </p><p>In September 2005, it was expected that the finalised force in Europe would consist of USAREUR HQ, V Corps, aviation and combat service support, and two maneuver brigades: the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="2nd Cavalry Regiment (United States)">2nd Cavalry Regiment</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vilseck" title="Vilseck">Vilseck</a>, Germany, the 173rd Airborne Brigade, which will eventually expand to three airborne battalions, in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joint_Task_Force_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Task Force East">Joint Task Force East</a> provided from forces rotating from continental United States though bases in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, was initially intended to be provided by a rotating US-based brigade. </p><p>Two bases at <a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a>, Romania were developed, with the main facility located at the <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base">Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base</a>. Initially however, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Task_Force_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Task Force East">Joint Task Force East</a> was to have been provided by a rotational 2nd Cavalry Regiment Stryker squadron. The Task Force was originally planned to be called the Eastern Europe Task Force. However, since the stresses of the Iraq and Afghan deployments, the army provision of Joint Task Force East has been replaced by a Marine force known as the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Rotational_Force" title="Black Sea Rotational Force">Black Sea Rotational Force</a>. </p><p>Army Campaign Plan DP 58 (circa 2006) effectively dropped the Seventh Army title from U.S. Army Europe. Decisions that took effect in 2006 stated that the official designation would be Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion, United States Army Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-go0618_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-go0618-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-exsum_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exsum-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ar10-87_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar10-87-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization perpetuates the lineage and honors of the Seventh Army and authorized the display and wear of appropriate Seventh Army heraldic items. </p><p>From 2008 to 2012–13, the two to three brigades listed above were augmented by the <a href="/wiki/170th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)" title="170th Infantry Brigade (United States)">170th Infantry Brigade</a> and the <a href="/wiki/172nd_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)" title="172nd Infantry Brigade (United States)">172nd Infantry Brigade</a>, 'reflagged' former V Corps/1st Armored Division formations.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus from 2008 to 2013, the force was expected to consist of two heavy brigades combat teams, the 2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment, and the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team. </p><p>On 3 December 2008 in Rome, Italy, an official announcement by the U.S. and Italian governments stated that the Southern Europe Task Force would become U.S. Army Africa (USARAF), and one week later on 9 December 2008 USARAF was established as the Army Service Component Command of AFRICOM. According to the Army Times, this marked the end of the airborne chapter of SETAF's history and the beginning of its new role as the Army component of AFRICOM. </p><p>On 25 October 2009, in a ceremony at the Parade Field on Daenner Kaserne, the 7th US Army Reserve Command, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">United States Army Reserve</a>, was inactivated and redesignated the 7th Civil Support Command (CSC). In September 2015 the 7th CSC became the <a href="/wiki/7th_Mission_Support_Command" title="7th Mission Support Command">7th Mission Support Command</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_of_Defense_Carter_visits_the_Grafenwoehr_Training_Area,_June_26,_2015_(18988969200).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Secretary_of_Defense_Carter_visits_the_Grafenwoehr_Training_Area%2C_June_26%2C_2015_%2818988969200%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_of_Defense_Carter_visits_the_Grafenwoehr_Training_Area%2C_June_26%2C_2015_%2818988969200%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Secretary_of_Defense_Carter_visits_the_Grafenwoehr_Training_Area%2C_June_26%2C_2015_%2818988969200%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_of_Defense_Carter_visits_the_Grafenwoehr_Training_Area%2C_June_26%2C_2015_%2818988969200%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Secretary_of_Defense_Carter_visits_the_Grafenwoehr_Training_Area%2C_June_26%2C_2015_%2818988969200%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_of_Defense_Carter_visits_the_Grafenwoehr_Training_Area%2C_June_26%2C_2015_%2818988969200%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5520" data-file-height="3680" /></a><figcaption>Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Ashton_Carter" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashton Carter">Ashton Carter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_G._Cavoli" title="Christopher G. Cavoli">Christopher G. Cavoli</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Grafenwoehr_Training_Area" title="Grafenwoehr Training Area">Grafenwoehr Training Area</a>, Germany on June 26, 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>On 26 January 2012, <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a> General <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Odierno" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Odierno">Raymond Odierno</a> announced that two Army heavy infantry brigades would be withdrawn from Europe and inactivated. As the 170th Brigade was one of only two such heavy infantry brigades in Europe at the time, it was believed that it was one of the units slated to be inactivated in the wake of large cuts in the <a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_United_States" title="Military budget of the United States">U.S. defense budget</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/170th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)" title="170th Infantry Brigade (United States)">170th Infantry Brigade</a> at Baumholder was deactivated on 9 October 2012. </p><p>In 2013, further reductions of U.S. forces in Europe were announced, that would reduce U.S. Army Europe to 30,000 soldiers in two <a href="/wiki/Brigade_combat_team" title="Brigade combat team">brigade combat teams</a>. These reductions include unit deactivations and facilities closures at <a href="/wiki/Warner_Barracks_in_Bamberg,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Barracks in Bamberg, Germany">Warner Barracks, Bamberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt" title="Schweinfurt">Schweinfurt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Military police units were reduced: 202nd MP Group and the 1002nd MP Battalion were disbanded on 24 June 2013. In February 2013, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(United_States)" title="V Corps (United States)">V Corps</a> would be inactivated in June 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a ceremony on 12 June 2013, V Corps was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Army_Superior_Unit_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Superior Unit Award">Army Superior Unit Award</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meritorious_Unit_Citation" title="Meritorious Unit Citation">Meritorious Unit Citation</a> and formally inactivated.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2013, the last of U.S. Army's main battle tanks left Europe due to the departure of the U.S. Army's last two Germany-based heavy brigades: the <a href="/wiki/170th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)" title="170th Infantry Brigade (United States)">170th</a> out of <a href="/wiki/Baumholder" title="Baumholder">Baumholder</a> and the <a href="/wiki/172nd_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)" title="172nd Infantry Brigade (United States)">172nd</a> at <a href="/wiki/Grafenw%C3%B6hr" title="Grafenwöhr">Grafenwöhr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="V_Corps_reactivated_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine">V Corps reactivated and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: V Corps reactivated and the Russian invasion of Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DcgAdamJoksVcorps.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/DcgAdamJoksVcorps.jpg/220px-DcgAdamJoksVcorps.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/DcgAdamJoksVcorps.jpg/330px-DcgAdamJoksVcorps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/DcgAdamJoksVcorps.jpg/440px-DcgAdamJoksVcorps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>DCG for Interoperability Adam Joks (Poland) visits soldiers of the US and Ukraine, 10 Dec 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>On 11 February 2020, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">United States Department of the Army</a> announced the reactivation of V Corps Headquarters. The HQ was to have approximately 635 soldiers, with approximately 200 who would support an operational command post in Europe. <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Army Chief of Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/James_C._McConville" title="James C. McConville">James C. McConville</a> announced that V Corps forward headquarters would be established in Poland after 1 October 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-mcConville_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcConville-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 200 of the expected 630 headquarters staff members would be stationed in <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a> on a rotational basis.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mcConville_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcConville-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-poznan_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poznan-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 March 2022 the V Corps main headquarters element deployed to Germany, joining the forward element already in Europe, to "provide additional command and control of U.S. Army forces in Europe." The headquarters is also tasked to "provide a more robust presence in Europe and enable the Corps to synchronize current contingency operations, support the ongoing mission to reinforce NATO’s eastern flank and coordinate multinational exercises across the continent." This deployment is in response to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization_2023">Organization 2023</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Organization 2023"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_Europe_%26_Africa_-_Organization_2023.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/US_Army_Europe_%26_Africa_-_Organization_2023.png/840px-US_Army_Europe_%26_Africa_-_Organization_2023.png" decoding="async" width="840" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/US_Army_Europe_%26_Africa_-_Organization_2023.png/1260px-US_Army_Europe_%26_Africa_-_Organization_2023.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/US_Army_Europe_%26_Africa_-_Organization_2023.png/1680px-US_Army_Europe_%26_Africa_-_Organization_2023.png 2x" data-file-width="8793" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption>US Army Europe and Africa, and supporting brigades organization 2023 (click to enlarge)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_subordinate_commands">Major subordinate commands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Major subordinate commands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following units are assigned to United States Army Europe and Africa:<sup id="cite_ref-Units_2023_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Units_2023-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USAREUR_Insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/25px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/38px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/50px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="538" /></a></span> <b>United States Army Europe and Africa</b>, in <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a> (Germany) <ul><li>Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion, US Army Europe and Africa, in Wiesbaden (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(United_States)" title="V Corps (United States)">V Corps</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a> (Poland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Southern_European_Task_Force,_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Southern European Task Force, Africa">US Army Southern European Task Force, Africa</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Artillery_Command" title="56th Artillery Command">56th Artillery Command</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Mainz-Kastel" title="Mainz-Kastel">Mainz-Kastel</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Army_Air_and_Missile_Defense_Command" title="10th Army Air and Missile Defense Command">10th Army Air and Missile Defense Command</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Sembach" title="Sembach">Sembach</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Army_Training_Command" title="7th Army Training Command">7th Army Training Command</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Grafenw%C3%B6hr" title="Grafenwöhr">Grafenwöhr</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Theater_Sustainment_Command" title="21st Theater Sustainment Command">21st Theater Sustainment Command</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Army_NATO_Brigade" title="US Army NATO Brigade">US Army NATO Brigade</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Sembach" title="Sembach">Sembach</a> (Germany)</li> <li>19th Battlefield Coordination Detachment, at <a href="/wiki/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="Ramstein Air Base">Ramstein Air Base</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe_Band_and_Chorus" title="United States Army Europe Band and Chorus">US Army Europe and Africa Band and Chorus</a>, in Sembach (Germany)</li> <li>US Army Flight Operations Detachment, in <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supporting_organizations">Supporting organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Supporting organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following units of other US Army commands provide support to United States Army Europe and Africa:<sup id="cite_ref-Units_2023_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Units_2023-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Intelligence_and_Security_Command" title="United States Army Intelligence and Security Command">US Army Intelligence and Security Command</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/66th_Military_Intelligence_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="66th Military Intelligence Brigade">66th Military Intelligence Brigade</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Army_Network_Enterprise_Technology_Command" title="Army Network Enterprise Technology Command">US Army Network Enterprise Technology Command</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Theater_Signal_Brigade_(United_States)" title="2nd Theater Signal Brigade (United States)">2nd Theater Signal Brigade</a>, in Wiesbaden</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Military_Surface_Deployment_and_Distribution_Command" title="Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command">Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command</a></b> <ul><li>598th Transportation Brigade, in <a href="/wiki/Sembach" title="Sembach">Sembach</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>838th Transportation Battalion, in <a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li>839th Transportation Battalion, in <a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a> (Italy)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Installation_Management_Command" title="United States Army Installation Management Command">US Army Installation Management Command</a></b> <ul><li>Installation Management Command – Europe, in <a href="/wiki/Sembach" title="Sembach">Sembach</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>US Army Garrison Ansbach, in <a href="/wiki/Ansbach" title="Ansbach">Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Garrison_Bavaria" title="U.S. Army Garrison Bavaria">US Army Garrison Bavaria</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Grafenwoehr_Training_Area" title="Grafenwoehr Training Area">Grafenwöhr</a></li> <li>US Army Garrison Benelux, in <a href="/wiki/Chi%C3%A8vres_Air_Base" title="Chièvres Air Base">Chièvres</a></li> <li>US Army Garrison Black Sea, in <a href="/wiki/RoAF_57th_Air_Base" title="RoAF 57th Air Base">Mihail Kogălniceanu</a></li> <li>US Army Garrison Italy, in <a href="/wiki/Caserma_Ederle" title="Caserma Ederle">Vicenza</a></li> <li>US Army Garrison Poland, in <a href="/wiki/Camp_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Camp Kościuszko">Poznań</a></li> <li>US Army Garrison Rheinland-Pfalz, in <a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern_Military_Community" title="Kaiserslautern Military Community">Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li>US Army Garrison Stuttgart, in <a href="/wiki/Panzer_Kaserne" title="Panzer Kaserne">Böblingen</a></li> <li>US Army Garrison Wiesbaden, in <a href="/wiki/Lucius_D._Clay_Kaserne" title="Lucius D. Clay Kaserne">Wiesbaden</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Command" title="United States Army Medical Command">US Army Medical Command</a></b> <ul><li>Medical Readiness Command, Europe, in <a href="/wiki/Sembach" title="Sembach">Sembach</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Landstuhl Regional Medical Center</li> <li>SHAPE Healthcare Facility</li> <li>US Army Health Clinic Ansbach</li> <li>US Army Health Clinic Baumholder</li> <li>US Army Health Clinic Brussels</li> <li>US Army Health Clinic Grafenwöhr</li> <li>US Army Health Clinic Hohenfels</li> <li>US Army Health Clinic Kaiserslautern</li> <li>US Army Health Clinic Stuttgart</li> <li>US Army Health Clinic Vicenza</li> <li>US Army Health Clinic Vilseck</li> <li>US Army Health Clinic Wiesbaden</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>US Army Medical Logistics Command</b> <ul><li>US Army Medical Materiel Center, Europe, in <a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">US Army Corps of Engineers</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Corps_of_Engineers,_Europe_District" title="U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Europe District">US Army Corps of Engineers - Europe District</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Criminal_Investigation_Division" title="United States Army Criminal Investigation Division">United States Army Criminal Investigation Division</a></b> <ul><li>5th Military Police Battalion (CID), in <a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commanding_generals">Commanding generals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Commanding generals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General,_United_States_Army_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Commanding General, United States Army Europe">Commanding General, United States Army Europe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_personnel">Notable personnel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Phillips" title="Paul D. Phillips">Paul D. Phillips</a>, worked in the civil affairs division (1952-1954); former oldest living West Point graduate, retired as a Brigadier General.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_exercises" title="List of NATO exercises">List of NATO exercises</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-organization-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-organization_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mil/organization/">"The U.S. Army Command Structure"</a>. US Army. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030708025938/https://www.army.mil/organization/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+U.S.+Army+Command+Structure&rft.pub=US+Army&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mil%2Forganization%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas2020" class="citation news cs1">Lucas, Ryan (1 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ausa.org/news/army-consolidating-europe-africa-commands">"Army Consolidating Europe, Africa Commands"</a>. <i>Association of the United States Army</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028234605/https://www.ausa.org/news/army-consolidating-europe-africa-commands">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Association+of+the+United+States+Army&rft.atitle=Army+Consolidating+Europe%2C+Africa+Commands&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ausa.org%2Fnews%2Farmy-consolidating-europe-africa-commands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mil/article/241094/u_s_army_europe_and_africa_commands_consolidate">"U.S. Army Europe and Africa Commands consolidate"</a>. <i>Army.mil</i>. 20 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415070510/https://www.army.mil/article/241094/u_s_army_europe_and_africa_commands_consolidate">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Army.mil&rft.atitle=U.S.+Army+Europe+and+Africa+Commands+consolidate&rft.date=2020-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mil%2Farticle%2F241094%2Fu_s_army_europe_and_africa_commands_consolidate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSAREUR2014-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSAREUR2014_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSAREUR2014_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSAREUR2014_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUSAREUR2014">USAREUR 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usarmygermany.com/Sont.htm?https&&&usarmygermany.com/Units/1st%20Inf%20Div/USAREUR_1st%20Inf%20Div.htm">Reorganization of Tactical Forces in Post-war Germany</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221015165349/https://usarmygermany.com/Sont.htm?https&&&usarmygermany.com/Units/1st%20Inf%20Div/USAREUR_1st%20Inf%20Div.htm">Archived</a> 15 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed October 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrederiksen195332-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrederiksen195332_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrederiksen195332_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrederiksen1953">Frederiksen 1953</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usarmygermany.com/Sont.htm?http&&&www.usarmygermany.com/Units/HqUSAREUR/USAREUR_HqUSAREUR%201.htm">"United States Army, Europe & Seventh Army"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170827194216/http://www.usarmygermany.com/Sont.htm?http&&&www.usarmygermany.com%2Funits%2Fhqusareur%2Fusareur_hqusareur%201.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Army%2C+Europe+%26+Seventh+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usarmygermany.com%2FSont.htm%3Fhttp%26%26%26www.usarmygermany.com%2FUnits%2FHqUSAREUR%2FUSAREUR_HqUSAREUR%25201.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USAU45-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USAU45_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USAU45_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usarmygermany.com/Sont.htm?http&&&www.usarmygermany.com/Units/HqUSAREUR/USAREUR_HqUSAREUR%201.htm">"USAREUR Units & Kasernes, 1945 – 1989"</a>. Usarmygermany.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170827194216/http://www.usarmygermany.com/Sont.htm?http&&&www.usarmygermany.com%2Funits%2Fhqusareur%2Fusareur_hqusareur%201.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USAREUR+Units+%26+Kasernes%2C+1945+%E2%80%93+1989&rft.pub=Usarmygermany.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usarmygermany.com%2FSont.htm%3Fhttp%26%26%26www.usarmygermany.com%2FUnits%2FHqUSAREUR%2FUSAREUR_HqUSAREUR%25201.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.7aso.org/htmldocs/ascronsp.html">"<i>7th Army Symphony Chronology – General Palmer authorizes Samuel Adler to found the orchestra in 1952</i> on 7aso.org"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724123035/https://www.7aso.org/htmldocs/ascronsp.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=7th+Army+Symphony+Chronology+%E2%80%93+General+Palmer+authorizes+Samuel+Adler+to+found+the+orchestra+in+1952+on+7aso.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.7aso.org%2Fhtmldocs%2Fascronsp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230508163312/https://books.google.com/books?id=k9SOCgAAQBAJ&dq=Seventh+Army+Symphony+Orchestra+Samuel+Adler&pg=PA311">"Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra founded by Samuel Adler in 1952"</a>. Oxford: Scarecrow Press. 2015. p. 311. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810884014" title="Special:BookSources/9780810884014"><bdi>9780810884014</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k9SOCgAAQBAJ&dq=Seventh+Army+Symphony+Orchestra+Samuel+Adler&pg=PA311">the original</a> on 8 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seventh+Army+Symphony+Orchestra+founded+by+Samuel+Adler+in+1952&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780810884014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk9SOCgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DSeventh%2BArmy%2BSymphony%2BOrchestra%2BSamuel%2BAdler%26pg%3DPA311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RzxEAQAAIAAJ&q=Seventh+Army+Symphony+Orchestra"><i> Army – "Musical Ambassadors, Soldiers Too"</i> James I. Kenner. Editor Lt. General Walter L. Weible. Association of the United States Army Vol 9. No. 1 August 1958 p. 60-62 – Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406121108/https://books.google.com/books?id=RzxEAQAAIAAJ&q=Seventh+Army+Symphony+Orchestra">Archived</a> 6 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.7aso.org/htmldocs/earlyhistory.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"7th Army Symphony Draws Praise" (Samuel Adler and Army Commendation Ribbon with Metal Pendant) on 7aso.org"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180919211255/https://www.7aso.org/htmldocs/earlyhistory.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%227th+Army+Symphony+Draws+Praise%22+%28Samuel+Adler+and+Army+Commendation+Ribbon+with+Metal+Pendant%29+on+7aso.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.7aso.org%2Fhtmldocs%2Fearlyhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackworthSherman1989378–379,_384-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackworthSherman1989378–379,_384_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHackworthSherman1989">Hackworth & Sherman 1989</a>, pp. 378–379, 384.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-go0618-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-go0618_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-go0618_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130205183851/http://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/pdf/go0618.pdf">"Designation of the United States Army Europe as an army service component command"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/pdf/go0618.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Designation+of+the+United+States+Army+Europe+as+an+army+service+component+command&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmypubs.army.mil%2Fepubs%2Fpdf%2Fgo0618.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-exsum-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-exsum_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exsum_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130205182342/http://www.tradoc.army.mil/g357/cp32/forms/DP_58_EXSUM.pdf">"Instructions for Re-writing Army Regulation 10-87"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tradoc.army.mil/g357/cp32/forms/DP_58_EXSUM.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Instructions+for+Re-writing+Army+Regulation+10-87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tradoc.army.mil%2Fg357%2Fcp32%2Fforms%2FDP_58_EXSUM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ar10-87-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ar10-87_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ar10-87_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119020518/http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/army/ar10-87.pdf">"Army Regulation 10-87"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/army/ar10-87.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Army+Regulation+10-87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Firp%2Fdoddir%2Farmy%2Far10-87.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Michael Knights, 'US regional commands diversify across the 'arc of instability,' <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Intelligence_Review" title="Jane's Intelligence Review">Jane's Intelligence Review</a>, September 2005, 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark St.Clair, and John Vandiver, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stripes.com/article.asp?section=104&article=53123">Name changes set for 2 Germany-based units</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_(newspaper)" title="Stars and Stripes (newspaper)">Stars and Stripes</a>, Friday, 7 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eur.army.mil/21tsc/7msc/history.html">"The Official Home Page of the 7th Mission Support Command"</a>. <i>www.eur.army.mil</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170126181906/http://www.eur.army.mil/21tsc/7msc/history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eur.army.mil&rft.atitle=The+Official+Home+Page+of+the+7th+Mission+Support+Command&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eur.army.mil%2F21tsc%2F7msc%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeardsleySvan2012" class="citation web cs1">Beardsley, Steven; Svan, Jennifer H. (26 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stripes.com/news/dod-plan-indicates-172nd-and-170th-infantry-brigades-to-be-eliminated-1.166892">"DOD plan indicates 172nd and 170th infantry brigades to be eliminated"</a>. <i>Stars and Stripes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331143636/http://www.stripes.com/news/dod-plan-indicates-172nd-and-170th-infantry-brigades-to-be-eliminated-1.166892">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=DOD+plan+indicates+172nd+and+170th+infantry+brigades+to+be+eliminated&rft.date=2012-01-26&rft.aulast=Beardsley&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Svan%2C+Jennifer+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Fdod-plan-indicates-172nd-and-170th-infantry-brigades-to-be-eliminated-1.166892&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armytimes.com/mobile/news/2013/03/army-europe-cuts-030113w">"Thousands of soldiers to leave Europe"</a>. <i>Army Times</i>. 1 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Army+Times&rft.atitle=Thousands+of+soldiers+to+leave+Europe&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armytimes.com%2Fmobile%2Fnews%2F2013%2F03%2Farmy-europe-cuts-030113w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102221247/https://www.defense.gov/news/20120216EURPosture.pdf">"European Posture Changes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defense.gov/news/20120216EURPosture.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Posture+Changes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2Fnews%2F20120216EURPosture.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eur.army.mil/news/2013/20130612_V-Corps_inactivation.html">"V Corps inactivates after nearly a century of service to U.S. Army"</a>. Eur.army.mil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130620202804/http://www.eur.army.mil/news/2013/20130612_V-Corps_inactivation.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=V+Corps+inactivates+after+nearly+a+century+of+service+to+U.S.+Army&rft.pub=Eur.army.mil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eur.army.mil%2Fnews%2F2013%2F20130612_V-Corps_inactivation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerlagsgruppe_Rhein_Main_GmbHCo._KG" class="citation web cs1">Verlagsgruppe Rhein Main GmbH & Co. KG. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wiesbadener-kurier.de/region/wiesbaden/meldungen/11958318.htm">"V. Korps der US-Armee zieht für ein Jahr nach Afghanistan und wird dann aufgelöst – Wiesbadener Kurier"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=V.+Korps+der+US-Armee+zieht+f%C3%BCr+ein+Jahr+nach+Afghanistan+und+wird+dann+aufgel%C3%B6st+%E2%80%93+Wiesbadener+Kurier&rft.au=Verlagsgruppe+Rhein+Main+GmbH&rft.au=Co.+KG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiesbadener-kurier.de%2Fregion%2Fwiesbaden%2Fmeldungen%2F11958318.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stripes.com/news/us-army-s-last-tanks-depart-from-germany-1.214977">Stars and Stripes: "US Army's last tanks depart from Germany" By John Vandiver</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140528215752/http://www.stripes.com/news/us-army-s-last-tanks-depart-from-germany-1.214977">Archived</a> 28 May 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 4 April 2013 |<i>"There is no [U.S.] tank on German soil. It's a historic moment."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcConville-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mcConville_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcConville_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRempfer2020" class="citation news cs1">Rempfer, Kyle (5 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2020/08/04/armys-resurrected-v-corps-will-go-to-poland/">"Army's resurrected V Corps will go to Poland"</a>. Army Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Army%27s+resurrected+V+Corps+will+go+to+Poland&rft.date=2020-08-05&rft.aulast=Rempfer&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armytimes.com%2Fnews%2Fyour-army%2F2020%2F08%2F04%2Farmys-resurrected-v-corps-will-go-to-poland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/us-army-names-head-corps-hq-based-poland-72169695">"US Army names head of V Corps HQ to be based in Poland"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. The Associated Press. 4 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808033115/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/us-army-names-head-corps-hq-based-poland-72169695">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=US+Army+names+head+of+V+Corps+HQ+to+be+based+in+Poland&rft.date=2020-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fus-army-names-head-corps-hq-based-poland-72169695&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-poznan-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-poznan_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mil/article/238882/v_corps_headquarters_forward_in_poland_to_be_located_in_poznan">"U.S. Army V Corps Headquarters (9 September 2020) V Corps Headquarters (Forward) in Poland to be located in Poznan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424232624/https://www.army.mil/article/238882/v_corps_headquarters_forward_in_poland_to_be_located_in_poznan">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Army+V+Corps+Headquarters+%289+September+2020%29+V+Corps+Headquarters+%28Forward%29+in+Poland+to+be+located+in+Poznan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mil%2Farticle%2F238882%2Fv_corps_headquarters_forward_in_poland_to_be_located_in_poznan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPilgrim" class="citation web cs1">Pilgrim, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mil/article/254533/hundreds_of_v_corps_soldiers_depart_for_germany_in_support_of_nato_allies">"Hundreds of V Corps Soldiers depart for Germany in support of NATO allies"</a>. <i>army.mil</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220312235429/https://www.army.mil/article/254533/hundreds_of_v_corps_soldiers_depart_for_germany_in_support_of_nato_allies">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=army.mil&rft.atitle=Hundreds+of+V+Corps+Soldiers+depart+for+Germany+in+support+of+NATO+allies&rft.aulast=Pilgrim&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mil%2Farticle%2F254533%2Fhundreds_of_v_corps_soldiers_depart_for_germany_in_support_of_nato_allies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Units_2023-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Units_2023_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Units_2023_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europeafrica.army.mil/Units/">"U.S. Army Europe and Africa Units"</a>. US Army Europe and Africa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502144954/https://www.europeafrica.army.mil/Units/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Army+Europe+and+Africa+Units&rft.pub=US+Army+Europe+and+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeafrica.army.mil%2FUnits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sddc.army.mil/598th/Pages/default.aspx">"598th Transportation Brigade"</a>. Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502214340/https://www.sddc.army.mil/598th/Pages/default.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=598th+Transportation+Brigade&rft.pub=Military+Surface+Deployment+and+Distribution+Command&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sddc.army.mil%2F598th%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.army.mil/imcom-europe/">"Installation Management Command – Europe"</a>. Installation Management Command – Europe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240628224644/https://home.army.mil/imcom-europe/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Installation+Management+Command+%E2%80%93+Europe&rft.pub=Installation+Management+Command+%E2%80%93+Europe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhome.army.mil%2Fimcom-europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mrc-europe.army.mil/Medical-Treatment-Facilities/">"Army Medical Treatment Facilities"</a>. Medical Readiness Command, Europe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502214341/https://mrc-europe.army.mil/Medical-Treatment-Facilities/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Army+Medical+Treatment+Facilities&rft.pub=Medical+Readiness+Command%2C+Europe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmrc-europe.army.mil%2FMedical-Treatment-Facilities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westpointaog.org/news/wpaog-recognizes-bgr-paul-d-phillips-40-as-the-newest-oldest-living-west-point-graduate/">"WPAOG Recognizes BG(R) Paul D. Phillips '40 as the Newest Oldest Living West Point Graduate"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231017044748/https://www.westpointaog.org/news/wpaog-recognizes-bgr-paul-d-phillips-40-as-the-newest-oldest-living-west-point-graduate/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WPAOG+Recognizes+BG%28R%29+Paul+D.+Phillips+%E2%80%9940+as+the+Newest+Oldest+Living+West+Point+Graduate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westpointaog.org%2Fnews%2Fwpaog-recognizes-bgr-paul-d-phillips-40-as-the-newest-oldest-living-west-point-graduate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32435062842265&view=1up&seq=328&q1=Paul+David+Phillips">"Official register of the officers and cadets. 1971 (page 484)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231017063607/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32435062842265&view=1up&seq=328&q1=Paul+David+Phillips">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+register+of+the+officers+and+cadets.+1971+%28page+484%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dosu.32435062842265%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D328%26q1%3DPaul%2BDavid%2BPhillips&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederiksen1953" class="citation book cs1">Frederiksen, Oliver J. (1953). <i>The American Military Occupation of Germany 1945 – 1953</i>. Darmstadt: Historical Division, United States Army Europe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Military+Occupation+of+Germany+1945+%E2%80%93+1953&rft.place=Darmstadt&rft.pub=Historical+Division%2C+United+States+Army+Europe&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Frederiksen&rft.aufirst=Oliver+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackworthSherman1989" class="citation book cs1">Hackworth, David; Sherman, Julie (1989). <i>About face: The odyssey of an American warrior</i>. New York: Touchstone. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-69534-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-69534-7"><bdi>0-671-69534-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=About+face%3A+The+odyssey+of+an+American+warrior&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Touchstone&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-671-69534-7&rft.aulast=Hackworth&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Sherman%2C+Julie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUSAREUR2014" class="citation web cs1">USAREUR (4 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140404093530/http://www.eur.army.mil/organization/history.htm">"United States Army Europe: History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eur.army.mil/organization/history.htm">the original</a> on 4 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Army+Europe%3A+History&rft.date=2014-04-04&rft.au=USAREUR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eur.army.mil%2Forganization%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Army+Europe+and+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Donald A. Carter, "Forging the Shield: The U.S. Army in Europe 1951–1962".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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History">U.S. Army Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Europe%2C%20United%20States%20Army%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22United%20States%20Army%20Europe%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Europe%2C%20United%20States%20Army%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22United%20States%20Army%20Europe%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Europe%2C%20U%2E%20S%2E%20A%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22United%20States%20Army%20Europe%22%20OR%20description%3A%22United%20States%20Army%20Europe%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about United States Army Europe</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Army_navbox" title="Template:US Army navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Army_navbox" title="Template talk:US Army navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Army_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Army navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Secretary of the Army">Secretary of the Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Under Secretary of the Army">Under Secretary of the Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Vice Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_four-star_generals" title="List of United States Army four-star generals">4-star generals</a></li> <li>3-star generals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_generals_in_the_United_States_Army_before_1960" title="List of lieutenant generals in the United States Army before 1960">1798–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_lieutenant_generals_from_1990_to_1999" title="List of United States Army lieutenant generals from 1990 to 1999">1990–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_lieutenant_generals_from_2000_to_2009" title="List of United States Army lieutenant generals from 2000 to 2009">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_lieutenant_generals_from_2010_to_2019" title="List of United States Army lieutenant generals from 2010 to 2019">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_lieutenant_generals_since_2020" title="List of United States Army lieutenant generals since 2020">2020–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Staff_Senior_Warrant_Officer" title="Army Staff Senior Warrant Officer">Army Staff Senior Warrant Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_Major_of_the_Army" title="Sergeant Major of the Army">Sergeant Major of the Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">House Armed Services Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Tactical_Air_and_Land_Forces" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces">House Subcommittee on Air and Land Forces</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Committee on Armed Services</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Airland" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Airland">Senate Subcommittee on Air and Land Forces</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/80px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/120px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/160px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components<br />and<br />commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regular_Army_(United_States)" title="Regular Army (United States)">Regular Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">Army Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">Army National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army#Regular_combat_maneuver_organizations" title="United States Army">Active Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reorganization_plan_of_United_States_Army" title="Reorganization plan of United States Army">Reorganization plan of United States Army</a><br /></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Forces_Command" title="United States Army Forces Command">Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Futures_Command" title="United States Army Futures Command">Futures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Materiel_Command" title="United States Army Materiel Command">Materiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Training_and_Doctrine_Command" title="United States Army Training and Doctrine Command">Training and Doctrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Service <br />components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Central" title="United States Army Central">Central</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Europe</a>–<a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Pacific" title="United States Army Pacific">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_North" title="United States Army North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_South" title="United States Army South">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Army Special Operations Command">Special Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Surface_Deployment_and_Distribution_Command" title="Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command">Surface Deployment and Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Space_and_Missile_Defense_Command" title="United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command">Space and Missile Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Cyber_Command" title="United States Army Cyber Command">Cyber Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Direct reporting<br />units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_United_States_Army" title="Second United States Army">Second Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Command" title="United States Army Medical Command">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Intelligence_and_Security_Command" title="United States Army Intelligence and Security Command">Intelligence and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Criminal_Investigation_Division" title="United States Army Criminal Investigation Division">Criminal Investigation Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">Corps of Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Military_District_of_Washington" title="United States Army Military District of Washington">Military District of Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Test_and_Evaluation_Command" title="United States Army Test and Evaluation Command">Test and Evaluation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve_Command" title="United States Army Reserve Command">Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Acquisition_Support_Center" title="U.S. Army Acquisition Support Center">Acquisition Support Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Installation_Management_Command" title="United States Army Installation Management Command">Installation Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_War_College" title="United States Army War College">War College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_field_armies_of_the_United_States_Army" title="List of field armies of the United States Army">Field armies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Army_(United_States)" title="First Army (United States)">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Central" title="United States Army Central">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_North" title="United States Army North">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Army_(United_States)" title="Sixth Army (United States)">Sixth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_States)" title="Eighth Army (United States)">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Army_(United_States)" title="Ninth Army (United States)">Ninth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Acquisition_Corps" title="United States Army Acquisition Corps">Acquisition Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Adjutant_General%27s_Corps" title="United States Army Adjutant General's Corps">Adjutant General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Defense_Artillery_Branch" title="Air Defense Artillery Branch">Air Defense Artillery Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armor_Branch" title="Armor Branch">Armor Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Aviation_Branch" title="United States Army Aviation Branch">Aviation Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_bands" title="United States military bands">Army Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_Corps_(United_States_Army)" title="Chaplain Corps (United States Army)">Chaplain Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Corps" title="Chemical Corps">Chemical Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Civil_Affairs_and_Psychological_Operations_Command" title="United States Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command">Civil Affairs Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">Corps of Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Branch_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber Branch (United States Army)">Cyber Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Dental_Command" title="United States Army Dental Command">Dental Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_Artillery_Branch_(United_States)" title="Field Artillery Branch (United States)">Field Artillery Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Corps" title="Finance Corps">Finance Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry_Branch_(United_States)" title="Infantry Branch (United States)">Infantry Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Inspector_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Office of the Inspector General of the United States Army">Inspector General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Logistics_Branch" title="United States Army Logistics Branch">Logistics Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Corps" title="United States Army Medical Corps">Medical Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_Department_(United_States)" title="Army Medical Department (United States)">Medical Service Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_Department_(United_States)" title="Army Medical Department (United States)">Medical Specialist Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Corps_(United_States_Army)" title="Military Intelligence Corps (United States Army)">Military Intelligence Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Police_Corps_(United_States)" title="Military Police Corps (United States)">Military Police Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Nurse_Corps" title="United States Army Nurse Corps">Nurse Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Ordnance_Corps" title="United States Army Ordnance Corps">Ordnance Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_operations_(United_States)" title="Psychological operations (United States)">Psychological operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Quartermaster_Corps" title="United States Army Quartermaster Corps">Quartermaster Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal Corps (United States Army)">Signal Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Forces" title="United States Army Special Forces">Special Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Corps" title="Transportation Corps">Transportation Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Veterinary_Corps" title="United States Army Veterinary Corps">Veterinary Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Installations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_United_States_Army_installations" title="List of former United States Army installations">United States and overseas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_installations_in_Germany" title="List of United States Army installations in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Installations_of_the_United_States_Army_in_Japan" title="Category:Installations of the United States Army in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_installations_in_Kuwait" title="List of United States Army installations in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_installations_in_South_Korea" title="List of United States Army installations in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Basic_Training" title="United States Army Basic Training">Basic Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Officer_Leaders_Course" title="Basic Officer Leaders Course">BOLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps">ROTC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Early_Commissioning_Program" title="Early Commissioning Program">ECP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School_(United_States_Army)" title="Officer Candidate School (United States Army)">OCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_Basic_Course" title="Warrant Officer Basic Course">WOBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_Candidate_School" title="Warrant Officer Candidate School">WOCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">Military Academy (West Point)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_careers" title="List of United States Army careers">MOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uniforms and<br />insignia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Army">Awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Badges of the United States Army">Badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_branch_insignia" title="United States Army branch insignia">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Army officer rank insignia">Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer_(United_States)" title="Warrant officer (United States)">Warrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Army enlisted rank insignia">Enlisted</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_enlisted_rank_insignia_of_World_War_I" title="United States Army enlisted rank insignia of World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_enlisted_rank_insignia_of_World_War_II" title="United States Army enlisted rank insignia of World War II">World War II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Uniforms of the United States Army">Uniforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Army" title="List of equipment of the United States Army">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_weapons_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" title="List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces">Individual weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crew-served_weapons_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" title="List of crew-served weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces">Crew-served weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_land_vehicles_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of land vehicles of the U.S. Armed Forces">Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_premier_ensembles" title="List of United States military premier ensembles">Premier<br />ensembles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Field_Band" title="United States Army Field Band">Army Field Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Band" title="United States Army Band">Army Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Guard_Fife_and_Drum_Corps" title="Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps">Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Band" title="West Point Band">West Point Band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History and<br /> traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Army" title="History of the United States Army">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_army" title="Union army">Union army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Army#World_War_I" title="History of the United States Army">National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_United_States" title="Army of the United States">Army of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Institute_of_Heraldry" title="United States Army Institute of Heraldry">Institute of Heraldry</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Army" title="America's Army">America's Army</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Art_Program" title="United States Army Art Program">Army Art Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Flag of the United States Army">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Army" title="National Museum of the United States Army">National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy#West_Point_Museum" title="United States Military Academy">West Point Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Rangers" title="United States Army Rangers">Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Regimental_System" title="U.S. Army Regimental System">U.S. Army Regimental System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier%27s_Creed" title="Soldier's Creed">Soldier's Creed</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Army_Goes_Rolling_Along" title="The Army Goes Rolling Along">The Army Goes Rolling Along</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_of_United_States_Army_divisions" title="List of nicknames of United States Army divisions">Division nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Army)" title="Service number (United States Army)">Service numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Army_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra">Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldier" title="Buffalo Soldier">Buffalo Soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Air Forces">Army Air Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Forces" title="Army Service Forces">Army Service Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Army_Corps" title="Women's Army Corps">Women's Army Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="Rough Riders">Rough Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Cavalry" title="United States Cavalry">U.S. Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Colored_Troops" title="United States Colored Troops">United States Colored Troops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Hospital_Corps" title="United States Army Hospital Corps">United States Army Hospital Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Sanitary_Commission" title="United States Sanitary Commission">U.S. Sanitary Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 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class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="Template:United States Army Europe and Africa"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="Template talk:United States Army Europe and Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Army Europe and Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="17px_United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USAREUR_Insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/17px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/26px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/34px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="538" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States Army Europe and Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(United_States)" title="V Corps (United States)">V Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USAREUR_Insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/80px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/120px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/160px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="538" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grafenwoehr_Training_Area" title="Grafenwoehr Training Area">Grafenwöhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern_Military_Community" title="Kaiserslautern Military Community">Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Camp Kościuszko">Poznań</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="Ramstein Air Base">Ramstein Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sembach_Kaserne" title="Sembach Kaserne">Sembach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caserma_Ederle" title="Caserma Ederle">Vicenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_D._Clay_Kaserne" title="Lucius D. Clay Kaserne">Wiesbaden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Supporting bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansbach" title="Ansbach">Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_Kaserne" title="Panzer Kaserne">Böblingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi%C3%A8vres_Air_Base" title="Chièvres Air Base">Chièvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darby_Military_Community" title="Darby Military Community">Darby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RoAF_57th_Air_Base" title="RoAF 57th Air Base">Mihail Kogălniceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelley_Barracks" title="Kelley Barracks">Stuttgart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Garrison_Bavaria#Rose_Barracks_-_Vilseck" title="U.S. Army Garrison Bavaria">Vilseck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenfels,_Bavaria#Military" title="Hohenfels, Bavaria">Hohenfels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_European_Task_Force,_Africa" title="Southern European Task Force, Africa">Southern European Task Force, Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Army_Training_Command" title="7th Army Training Command">7th Army Training Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Army_Air_and_Missile_Defense_Command" title="10th Army Air and Missile Defense Command">10th Army Air and Missile Defense Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Theater_Sustainment_Command" title="21st Theater Sustainment Command">21st Theater Sustainment Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Artillery_Command" title="56th Artillery Command">56th Artillery Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe_Band_and_Chorus" title="United States Army Europe Band and Chorus">United States Army Europe Band and Chorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Corps_of_Engineers,_Europe_District" title="U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Europe District">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Europe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Army_NATO_Brigade" title="US Army NATO Brigade">US Army NATO Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Theater_Signal_Brigade_(United_States)" title="2nd Theater Signal Brigade (United States)">2nd Theater Signal Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66th_Military_Intelligence_Brigade_(United_States)" title="66th Military Intelligence Brigade (United States)">66th Military Intelligence Brigade</a></li></ul> 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