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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Al-Aqsa Mosque</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Al-Aqsa_Mosque" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" 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open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the main prayer hall within the Al-Aqsa mosque compound. For the whole compound, see <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque (disambiguation)">Al-Aqsa Mosque (disambiguation)</a>.</div> This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #9BE89B">Al-Aqsa Mosque</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname" lang="ar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style>جامع الأقصى‎ (Jāmiʿ al-Aqṣā) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315">المصلى القبلي‎ (al-Muṣallā al-Qiblī) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315">المسجد الاقصى‎ (al-Masjid al-'Aqṣā, disputed)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_(NE_exposure).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28NE_exposure%29.jpg/220px-Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28NE_exposure%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28NE_exposure%29.jpg/330px-Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28NE_exposure%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28NE_exposure%29.jpg/440px-Jerusalem-2013-Temple_Mount-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28NE_exposure%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="4299"></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #9BE89B">Religion</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leadership</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad_Hussein" title="Muhammad Ahmad Hussein">Muhammad Ahmad Hussein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti_of_Jerusalem" title="Grand Mufti of Jerusalem">Grand Mufti of Jerusalem</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #9BE89B">Location</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> (<a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:265px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:265px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:265px"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Old_City_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque is located in Jerusalem"><img alt="Al-Aqsa Mosque is located in Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Jerusalem_Old_City_location_map.png/265px-Jerusalem_Old_City_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="265" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Jerusalem_Old_City_location_map.png/398px-Jerusalem_Old_City_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Jerusalem_Old_City_location_map.png/530px-Jerusalem_Old_City_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2771" data-file-height="3391"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:59.485%;left:82.672%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Al-Aqsa Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City of Jerusalem</a></div>Show map of Jerusalem</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:265px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:265px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:265px"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_location_map_without_titles.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque is located in Jerusalem"><img alt="Al-Aqsa Mosque is located in Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Jerusalem_location_map_without_titles.png/265px-Jerusalem_location_map_without_titles.png" decoding="async" width="265" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Jerusalem_location_map_without_titles.png/398px-Jerusalem_location_map_without_titles.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Jerusalem_location_map_without_titles.png/530px-Jerusalem_location_map_without_titles.png 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="868"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.15%;left:79.59%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Al-Aqsa Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></div>Show map of Jerusalem</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administration</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Islamic_Waqf" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Islamic Waqf">Jerusalem Islamic Waqf</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Geographic coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Al-Aqsa_Mosque&params=31_46_34_N_35_14_09_E_region:IL-JM_type:landmark">31°46′34″N 35°14′09″E / 31.77611°N 35.23583°E / 31.77611; 35.23583</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #9BE89B">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Mosque</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Early Islamic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date established</th><td class="infobox-data">7th–8th centuries</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #9BE89B">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Direction of façade</th><td class="infobox-data">North–northwest</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">5,000+</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Building_material" title="Building material">Materials</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Limestone (external walls, façade), lead and concrete (dome), white marble (interior columns) and mosaic<a href="#cite_note-AlRatrout-1">[1]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Aqsa Mosque (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: جامع الأقصى, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: Jāmiʿ al-Aqṣā, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> '<a href="/wiki/Congregational_mosque" title="Congregational mosque">congregational mosque</a> of <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a>'), also known as the Qibli Mosque or Qibli Chapel (المصلى القبلي, al-muṣallā al-qiblī, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'prayer hall of the <a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">qibla</a> (south)'),<a href="#cite_note-MujiralDin-2">[2]</a> is the main <a href="/wiki/Congregational_mosque" title="Congregational mosque">congregational mosque</a> or <a href="/wiki/Musalla" title="Musalla">prayer hall</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a> mosque compound in the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. In some sources the building is also named al-Masjid al-Aqṣā,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYavuz1996-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> but this name primarily applies to the whole compound in which the building sits, which is itself also known as "Al-Aqsa Mosque".<a href="#cite_note-:2-6">[6]</a> The wider compound is known as <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a> or Al-Aqsa mosque compound, also known as al-Ḥaram al-Sharīf (الحرم الشريف, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'The Noble Sanctuary').<a href="#cite_note-Ker09-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> During the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rashidun</a> <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 634–644) or the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> caliph <a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I" title="Mu'awiya I">Mu'awiya I</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 661–680), a small prayer house on the compound was erected near the mosque's site. The present-day mosque, located on the south wall of the compound, was originally built by the fifth Umayyad caliph <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 685–705) or his successor <a href="/wiki/Al-Walid_I" title="Al-Walid I">al-Walid I</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 705–715) (or both) as a congregational mosque on the same axis as the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>, a commemorative Islamic monument. After being destroyed in an earthquake in 746, the mosque was rebuilt in 758 by the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">al-Mansur</a>. It was further expanded upon in 780 by the Abbasid caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a>, after which it consisted of fifteen aisles and a central dome. However, it was again destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/1033_Jordan_Rift_Valley_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake">1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake</a>. The mosque was rebuilt by the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimid">Fatimid</a> caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_li-i%27zaz_Din_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah">al-Zahir</a> (r. 1021–1036), who reduced it to seven aisles but adorned its interior with an elaborate central archway covered in vegetal mosaics; the current structure preserves the 11th-century outline. During the periodic renovations undertaken, the ruling Islamic dynasties constructed additions to the mosque and its precincts, such as its dome, façade, <a href="/wiki/Minaret" title="Minaret">minarets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Minbar" title="Minbar">minbar</a> and interior structure. Upon its capture by the <a href="/wiki/Crusaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusaders">Crusaders</a> in 1099, the mosque was used as a palace; it was also the headquarters of the religious order of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>. After the area was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> in 1187, the structure's function as a mosque was restored. More renovations, repairs, and expansion projects were undertaken in later centuries by the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubids" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubids">Ayyubids</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluks</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Muslim_Council" title="Supreme Muslim Council">Supreme Muslim Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="British Palestine">British Palestine</a>, and during the <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordanian occupation of the West Bank">Jordanian occupation of the West Bank</a>. Since the beginning of the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Israeli occupation of the West Bank">Israeli occupation of the West Bank</a>, the mosque has remained under the independent administration of the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Islamic_Waqf" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Islamic Waqf">Jerusalem Islamic Waqf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Definition">1 Definition</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Pre-construction">2.1 Pre-construction</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Umayyad_period">2.2 Umayyad period</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Abbasid_period">2.3 Abbasid period</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Fatimid_period">2.4 Fatimid period</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Crusader,_Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_periods">2.5 Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk periods</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Ottoman/modern_period">2.6 Ottoman/modern period</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Architecture">3 Architecture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Dome">3.1 Dome</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Facade_and_porch">3.2 Facade and porch</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Interior">3.3 Interior</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Minbar">3.4 Minbar</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Current_situation">4 Current situation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Administration">4.1 Administration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Access">4.2 Access</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Excavations">4.3 Excavations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Conflicts">4.4 Conflicts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#See_also">5 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Notes">6 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#References">7 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Citations">7.1 Citations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Sources">7.2 Sources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Further_reading">8 Further reading</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The "Al-Aqsa Mosque" translates into "the Farthest Mosque" in English. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mesjid_el-Aksa_and_Jami_el-Aksa_in_the_1841_Aldrich_and_Symonds_map_of_Jerusalem_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mesjid_el-Aksa_and_Jami_el-Aksa_in_the_1841_Aldrich_and_Symonds_map_of_Jerusalem_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mesjid_el-Aksa_and_Jami_el-Aksa_in_the_1841_Aldrich_and_Symonds_map_of_Jerusalem_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="970"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 262px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mesjid_el-Aksa_and_Jami_el-Aksa_in_the_1841_Aldrich_and_Symonds_map_of_Jerusalem_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mesjid_el-Aksa_and_Jami_el-Aksa_in_the_1841_Aldrich_and_Symonds_map_of_Jerusalem_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="262" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mesjid_el-Aksa_and_Jami_el-Aksa_in_the_1841_Aldrich_and_Symonds_map_of_Jerusalem_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Mesjid_el-Aksa_and_Jami_el-Aksa_in_the_1841_Aldrich_and_Symonds_map_of_Jerusalem_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mesjid_el-Aksa_and_Jami_el-Aksa_in_the_1841_Aldrich_and_Symonds_map_of_Jerusalem_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Mesjid_el-Aksa_and_Jami_el-Aksa_in_the_1841_Aldrich_and_Symonds_map_of_Jerusalem_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Extract of an <a href="/wiki/1840%E2%80%9341_Royal_Engineers_maps_of_Palestine,_Lebanon_and_Syria" title="1840–41 Royal Engineers maps of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria">1841 British map</a> showing both "Mesjid el-Aksa" and "Jami el-Aksa"</figcaption></figure> The Arabic term "Al-Aqsa Mosque" is the translation of both al-Masjid al-Aqṣā (ٱلْمَسْجِد ٱلْأَقْصَىٰ) and Jāmiʿ al-Aqṣā (جَامِع ٱلْأَقْصَىٰ), which have distinct meanings in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Robinson-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Palmer-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-PEF-14">[14]</a> The former (al-Masjid al-Aqṣā) refers to the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Al-Isra" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Isra">Surah 17</a> – "the furthest mosque" – and thus is used for whole compound of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>, also known as the Haram al-Sharif, while the latter name (Jāmiʿ al-Aqṣā) is used for the subject of this article – the silver-domed <a href="/wiki/Congregational_mosque" title="Congregational mosque">congregational mosque</a> building.<a href="#cite_note-Robinson-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Palmer-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-PEF-14">[14]</a> Arabic and Persian writers such as 10th-century geographer <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqaddasi">al-Muqaddasi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MukaddasiNasir-15">[15]</a> 11th-century scholar <a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MukaddasiNasir-15">[15]</a> 12th-century geographer <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Idrisi" title="Muhammad al-Idrisi">al-Idrisi</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> and 15th-century Islamic scholar <a href="/wiki/Mujir_al-Din" title="Mujir al-Din">Mujir al-Din</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MujiralDin-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> as well as 19th-century American and British <a href="/wiki/Orientalism" title="Orientalism">Orientalists</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)" title="Edward Robinson (scholar)">Edward Robinson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Robinson-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Guy_Le_Strange" title="Guy Le Strange">Guy Le Strange</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Henry_Palmer" title="Edward Henry Palmer">Edward Henry Palmer</a> explained that the term Masjid al-Aqsa refers to the entire esplanade plaza also known as the Temple Mount or Haram al-Sharif ('Noble Sanctuary') – i.e. the entire area including the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>, the fountains, the <a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Temple_Mount" title="Gates of the Temple Mount">gates</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Minarets_of_the_Temple_Mount" class="mw-redirect" title="Minarets of the Temple Mount">four minarets</a> – because none of these buildings existed at the time the Quran was written.<a href="#cite_note-Palmer-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Strange_1887_pp._247%E2%80%93305-19">[19]</a> Al-Muqaddasi referred to the southern building (the subject of this article) as Al Mughattâ ("the covered-part") and Nasir Khusraw referred to it with the Persian word Pushish (also the "covered part", exactly as "Al Mughatta") or the <a href="/wiki/Maqsurah" title="Maqsurah">Maqsurah</a> (a part-for-the-whole <a href="/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche">synecdoche</a>).<a href="#cite_note-MukaddasiNasir-15">[15]</a> The building is also referred to as (al-)Qibli Mosque or (al-)Qibli Chapel (Muṣallā al-Qiblī), in reference to its location on the southern end of the compound as a result of the Islamic <a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">qibla</a> being moved from Jerusalem to Mecca.<a href="#cite_note-scholars-20">[20]</a> "Qibli" is the name used in official publications by the governmental organization which administers the site, the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Islamic_Waqf" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Islamic Waqf">Jerusalem Islamic Waqf</a> (part of the Jordanian government),<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> and the Jordanian government more widely.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-JordanPal-23">[23]</a> It is also the official name used by the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JordanPal-23">[23]</a> It has been used by numerous international organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="United States State Department">United States State Department</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> (whose role is to act as "the collective voice of the Muslim world"),<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> and <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> as well as various scholars<a href="#cite_note-scholars-20">[20]</a> and media organizations.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-construction">Pre-construction</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013(2)-Aerial-Temple_Mount-(south_exposure).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Aerial-Temple_Mount-%28south_exposure%29.jpg/220px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Aerial-Temple_Mount-%28south_exposure%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="5632"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Aerial-Temple_Mount-%28south_exposure%29.jpg/220px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Aerial-Temple_Mount-%28south_exposure%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Aerial-Temple_Mount-%28south_exposure%29.jpg/330px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Aerial-Temple_Mount-%28south_exposure%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Aerial-Temple_Mount-%28south_exposure%29.jpg/440px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Aerial-Temple_Mount-%28south_exposure%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The mosque is situated at the Southern end of the Haram al-Sharif</figcaption></figure> The mosque is located on the southern part of the Temple Mount or Haram al-Sharif, an enclosure expanded by King <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a> beginning in 20 BCE during his reconstruction of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Jewish Temple</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hartsock2014-28">[28]</a> The mosque resides on an artificial platform that is supported by arches constructed by Herod's engineers to overcome the difficult topographic conditions resulting from the southward expansion of the enclosure into the <a href="/wiki/Tyropoeon_Valley" title="Tyropoeon Valley">Tyropoeon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kidron_Valley" title="Kidron Valley">Kidron</a> valleys.<a href="#cite_note-Netzer2008-29">[29]</a> During the late <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_during_the_Second_Temple_Period#Herodian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period">Second Temple period</a>, the present site of the mosque was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Stoa_(Jerusalem)" title="Royal Stoa (Jerusalem)">Royal Stoa</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a> running the southern wall of the enclosure.<a href="#cite_note-Netzer2008-29">[29]</a> The Royal Stoa was destroyed along with the Temple during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70)">siege of Jerusalem</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a> in 70 CE. It was once thought that Emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Justinian">Justinian</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Nea_Ekklesia_of_the_Theotokos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nea Ekklesia of the Theotokos">Nea Ekklesia of the Theotokos</a>", <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'the New Church of the God-Bearer' and commonly known as the Nea Church, dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">God-bearing</a> <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a>, consecrated in 543, was situated where al-Aqsa Mosque was later constructed. However, remains identified as those of the Nea Church were uncovered in the south part of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)">Jewish Quarter</a> in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Analysis of the wooden beams and panels removed from the mosque during renovations in the 1930s shows they are made from <a href="/wiki/Cedrus_libani" title="Cedrus libani">Lebanese cedar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cypress" title="Cypress">cypress</a>. Radiocarbon dating gave a large range of ages, some as old as the 9th century BCE, showing that some of the wood had previously been used in older buildings.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> However, reexamination of the same beams in the 2010s gave dates in the Byzantine period.<a href="#cite_note-Baruch-33">[33]</a> During his excavations in the 1930s, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hamilton_(archaeologist)" title="Robert Hamilton (archaeologist)">Robert Hamilton</a> uncovered portions of a multicolor mosaic floor with geometric patterns, but did not publish them.<a href="#cite_note-Baruch13-34">[34]</a> The date of the mosaic is disputed: <a href="/wiki/Zachi_Dvira" title="Zachi Dvira">Zachi Dvira</a> considers that they are from the pre-Islamic Byzantine period, while Baruch, Reich and Sandhaus favor a much later <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> origin on account of their similarity to a mosaic from an Umayyad palace excavated adjacent to the Temple Mount's southern wall.<a href="#cite_note-Baruch13-34">[34]</a> By comparing the photographs to Hamilton's excavation report, Di Cesare determined that they belong to the second phase of mosque construction in the Umayyad period.<a href="#cite_note-DiCesare-35">[35]</a> Moreover, the mosaic designs were common in Islamic, Jewish and Christian buildings from the 2nd to the 8th century.<a href="#cite_note-DiCesare-35">[35]</a> Di Cesare suggested that Hamilton didn't include the mosaics in his book because they were destroyed to explore beneath them.<a href="#cite_note-DiCesare-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Umayyad_period">Umayyad period</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Tempelberg_BW_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jerusalem_Tempelberg_BW_1.JPG/260px-Jerusalem_Tempelberg_BW_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3748" data-file-height="2484"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 172px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jerusalem_Tempelberg_BW_1.JPG/260px-Jerusalem_Tempelberg_BW_1.JPG" data-width="260" data-height="172" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jerusalem_Tempelberg_BW_1.JPG/390px-Jerusalem_Tempelberg_BW_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jerusalem_Tempelberg_BW_1.JPG/520px-Jerusalem_Tempelberg_BW_1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The mosque along the southern wall of al-Haram al-Sharif</figcaption></figure> A mostly wooden, rectangular mosque on the Temple Mount site with a capacity for 3,000 worshippers is attested by the <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gallic</a> monk <a href="/wiki/Arculf" title="Arculf">Arculf</a> during his pilgrimage to Jerusalem in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 679–682.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199931%E2%80%9332-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1986340-37">[37]</a> Its precise location is not known.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1986340-37">[37]</a> The art historian <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Grabar" title="Oleg Grabar">Oleg Grabar</a> deems it likely that it was close to the present mosque,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1986340-37">[37]</a> while the historian Yildirim Yavuz asserts it stood at the present site of the Dome of Rock.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYavuz1996153-38">[38]</a> The architectural historian <a href="/wiki/K._A._C._Creswell" title="K. A. C. Creswell">K. A. C. Creswell</a> notes that Arculf's attestation lends credibility to claims by some Islamic traditions and medieval Christian chronicles, which he otherwise deems legendary or unreliable, that the second <a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rashidun</a> <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 634–644), ordered the construction of a primitive mosque on the Temple Mount. However, Arculf visited <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> during the reign of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I" title="Mu'awiya I">Mu'awiya I</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 661–680), founder of the <a href="/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">Syria</a>-based Umayyad Caliphate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199931%E2%80%9332-36">[36]</a> Mu'awiya had been governor of Syria, including <a href="/wiki/Jund_Filastin" title="Jund Filastin">Palestine</a>, for about twenty years before becoming caliph and his accession ceremony was held in Jerusalem. The 10th-century Jerusalemite scholar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mutahhar_ibn_Tahir_al-Maqdisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mutahhar ibn Tahir al-Maqdisi (page does not exist)">al-Mutahhar ibn Tahir al-Maqdisi</a> claims Mu'awiya built a mosque on the Haram.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199933-39">[39]</a> There is disagreement as to whether the present al-Aqsa Mosque was originally built by the Umayyad caliph <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 685–705) or his successor, his son <a href="/wiki/Al-Walid_I" title="Al-Walid I">al-Walid I</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 705–715). Several architectural historians hold that Abd al-Malik commissioned the project and that al-Walid finished or expanded it.<a href="#cite_note-47">[a]</a> Abd al-Malik inaugurated great architectural works on the Temple Mount, including construction of the Dome of the Rock in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 691. A common Islamic tradition holds that Abd al-Malik simultaneously commissioned the Dome of the Rock and the al-Aqsa Mosque.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199936-48">[47]</a> As both were intentionally built on the same axis, Grabar comments that the two structures form "part of an architecturally thought-out ensemble comprising a congregational and a commemorative building", the al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1986341-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[b]</a> Guy le Strange claims that Abd al-Malik used materials from the destroyed Church of Our Lady to build the mosque and points to possible evidence that substructures on the southeast corners of the mosque are remains of the church.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Strange1890a90%E2%80%9391-51">[49]</a> The earliest source indicating al-Walid's work on the mosque is the Aphrodito Papryi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199936%E2%80%9337-52">[50]</a> These contain the letters between al-Walid's <a href="/wiki/Qurra_ibn_Sharik" class="mw-redirect" title="Qurra ibn Sharik">governor of Egypt</a> in December 708–June 711 and a government official in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> which discuss the dispatch of Egyptian laborers and craftsmen to help build the al-Aqsa Mosque, referred to as the "Mosque of Jerusalem".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell1908116-44">[44]</a> The referenced workers spent between six months and a year on the construction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199926,_36%E2%80%9337-53">[51]</a> Several 10th and 13th-century historians credit al-Walid for founding the mosque, though the historian Amikam Elad doubts their reliability on the matter.<a href="#cite_note-55">[c]</a> In 713–714, a series of earthquakes ravaged Jerusalem, destroying the eastern section of the mosque, which was subsequently rebuilt by al-Walid's order. He had gold from the Dome of the Rock melted to use as money to finance the repairs and renovations. He is credited by the early 15th-century historian <a href="/wiki/Al-Qalqashandi" title="Al-Qalqashandi">al-Qalqashandi</a> for covering the mosque's walls with mosaics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199939-46">[46]</a> Grabar notes that the Umayyad-era mosque was adorned with mosaics, marble, and "remarkable crafted and painted woodwork".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1986341-49">[48]</a> The latter are preserved partly in the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Archaeological_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine Archaeological Museum">Palestine Archaeological Museum</a> and partly in the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Museum,_Jerusalem" title="Islamic Museum, Jerusalem">Islamic Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1986341-49">[48]</a> Estimates of the size of the Umayyad-built mosque by architectural historians range from 112 by 39 meters (367 ft × 128 ft)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrafmanRosen-Ayalon19996-56">[53]</a> to 114.6 by 69.2 meters (376 ft × 227 ft).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYavuz1996153-38">[38]</a> The building was rectangular.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYavuz1996153-38">[38]</a> In the assessment of Grabar, the layout was a modified version of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Hypostyle" title="Hypostyle">hypostyle</a> mosque of the period. Its "unusual" characteristic was that its aisles laid perpendicular to the qibla wall. The number of aisles is not definitively known, though fifteen is cited by a number of historians. The central aisle, double the width of the others, was probably topped by a dome.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1986341-49">[48]</a> The last years of Umayyad rule were turbulent for Jerusalem. The last Umayyad caliph, <a href="/wiki/Marwan_II" title="Marwan II">Marwan II</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 744–750), punished Jerusalem's inhabitants for supporting a rebellion against him by rival princes, and tore down the city's walls.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoitein1986326-57">[54]</a> In 746, the al-Aqsa Mosque was ruined in an earthquake. Four years later, the Umayyads were toppled and replaced by the Iraq-based <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201736-58">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abbasid_period">Abbasid period</h3></div> The Abbasids generally exhibited little interest in Jerusalem,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201736%E2%80%9337-59">[56]</a> though the historian <a href="/wiki/Shelomo_Dov_Goitein" title="Shelomo Dov Goitein">Shelomo Dov Goitein</a> notes they "paid special tribute" to the city during the early part of their rule,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoitein1986326-57">[54]</a> and Grabar asserts that the early Abbasids' work on the mosque suggests "a major attempt to assert Abbasid sponsorship of holy places".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1991707-60">[57]</a> Nevertheless, in contrast to the Umayyad period, maintenance of the al-Aqsa Mosque during Abbasid rule often came at the initiative of the local Muslim community, rather than from the caliph.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201736-58">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1986341-49">[48]</a> The second Abbasid caliph, <a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">al-Mansur</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 754–775), visited Jerusalem in 758, on his return from the <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>. He found the structures on the Haram in ruins from the 746 earthquake, including the al-Aqsa Mosque. According to the tradition cited by Mujir al-Din, the caliph was beseeched by the city's Muslim residents to fund the buildings' restoration. In response, he had the gold and silver plaques covering the mosque's doors converted into <a href="/wiki/Dinar" title="Dinar">dinars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dirham" title="Dirham">dirhams</a> to finance the reconstruction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201736%E2%80%9337-59">[56]</a> A second earthquake damaged most of al-Mansur's repairs, except for the southern portion near the <a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">mihrab</a> (prayer niche indicating the qibla). In 780, his successor, <a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a>, ordered its reconstruction, mandating that his provincial governors and other commanders each contribute the cost of a <a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">colonnade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201737-61">[58]</a> Al-Mahdi's renovation is the first known to have written records describing it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJeffers200495%E2%80%9396-62">[59]</a> The Jerusalemite geographer <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqaddasi">al-Muqaddasi</a>, writing in 985, provided the following description: <blockquote>This mosque is even more beautiful than that of Damascus ... the edifice [after al-Mahdi's reconstruction] rose firmer and more substantial than ever it had been in former times. The more ancient portion remained, even like a beauty spot, in the midst of the new ... the Aqsa mosque has twenty-six doors ... The centre of the Main-building is covered by a mighty roof, high pitched and <a href="/wiki/Gable" title="Gable">gable</a>-wise, over which rises a magnificent dome.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Strange1890a98%E2%80%9399-63">[60]</a></blockquote> Al-Muqaddasi further noted that the mosque consisted of fifteen aisles aligned perpendicularly to the qibla and possessed an elaborately decorated porch with the names of the Abbasid caliphs inscribed on its gates.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1991707-60">[57]</a> According to Hamilton, al-Muqaddasi's description of the Abbasid-era mosque is corroborated by his archaeological findings in 1938–1942, which showed the Abbasid construction retained some parts of the older structure and had a broad central aisle topped by a dome.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201737%E2%80%9338-64">[61]</a> The mosque described by al-Muqaddasi opened to the north, toward the Dome of the Rock, and, unusually according to Grabar, to the east.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1991707-60">[57]</a> Other than al-Mansur and al-Mahdi, no other Abbasid caliphs visited Jerusalem or commissioned work on the al-Aqsa Mosque, though Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Ma'mun">al-Ma'mun</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 813–833) ordered significant work elsewhere on the Haram. He also contributed a bronze <a href="/wiki/Portal_(architecture)" title="Portal (architecture)">portal</a> to the mosque's interior, and the geographer <a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a> noted during his 1047 visit that al-Ma'mun's name was inscribed on it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201736,_38-65">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Tahir" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd Allah ibn Tahir">Abd Allah ibn Tahir</a>, the Abbasid governor of the eastern province of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khurasan</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 828–844), is credited by al-Muqaddasi for building a colonnade on marble pillars in front of the fifteen doors on the mosque's front (north) side.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Strange1890a94,_98%E2%80%9399-66">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fatimid_period">Fatimid period</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_of_the_Al-Aksa_mosque,_Jerusalem._Chromolithograph_Wellcome_V0050126.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Interior_of_the_Al-Aksa_mosque%2C_Jerusalem._Chromolithograph_Wellcome_V0050126.jpg/240px-Interior_of_the_Al-Aksa_mosque%2C_Jerusalem._Chromolithograph_Wellcome_V0050126.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="332" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="3119"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 332px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Interior_of_the_Al-Aksa_mosque%2C_Jerusalem._Chromolithograph_Wellcome_V0050126.jpg/240px-Interior_of_the_Al-Aksa_mosque%2C_Jerusalem._Chromolithograph_Wellcome_V0050126.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="332" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Interior_of_the_Al-Aksa_mosque%2C_Jerusalem._Chromolithograph_Wellcome_V0050126.jpg/360px-Interior_of_the_Al-Aksa_mosque%2C_Jerusalem._Chromolithograph_Wellcome_V0050126.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Interior_of_the_Al-Aksa_mosque%2C_Jerusalem._Chromolithograph_Wellcome_V0050126.jpg/480px-Interior_of_the_Al-Aksa_mosque%2C_Jerusalem._Chromolithograph_Wellcome_V0050126.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A 19th-century chromolithograph of the mosque's interior. The mosaic designs on the drum of the dome, the pendentives, and the archway in front of the mihrab date from the mid-11th-century <a href="/wiki/Fatimid" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimid">Fatimid</a> reconstruction</figcaption></figure> In 970, the Egypt-based <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a> conquered Palestine from the <a href="/wiki/Ikhshidids" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikhshidids">Ikhshidids</a>, nominal allegiants of the Abbasids. Unlike the Abbasids and the Muslim inhabitants of Jerusalem, who were <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunnis</a>, the Fatimids followed <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Ismailism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismailism">Isma'ili</a> form.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201741-67">[64]</a> In 1033, <a href="/wiki/1033_Jordan_Rift_Valley_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake">another earthquake</a> severely damaged the mosque. The <a href="/wiki/Fatimid" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimid">Fatimid</a> caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_li-i%27zaz_Din_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah">al-Zahir</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1021–1036) had the mosque reconstructed between 1034 and 1036, though work was not completed until 1065, during the reign of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_Billah" title="Al-Mustansir Billah">al-Mustansir</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1036–1094).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1991707-60">[57]</a> The new mosque was considerably smaller, reduced from fifteen aisles to seven,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1991707-60">[57]</a> probably a reflection of the local population's significant decline by this time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1986342-68">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[d]</a> Excluding the two aisles on each side of the central nave, each aisle was made up of eleven arches running perpendicular to the qibla. The central nave was twice the breadth of the other aisles and had a gabled roof with a dome.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201745-72">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[e]</a> The mosque likely lacked the side doors of its predecessor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1991707-60">[57]</a> A prominent and distinctive feature of the new construction was the rich mosaic program endowed to the drum of the dome, the <a href="/wiki/Pendentive" title="Pendentive">pendentives</a> leading to the dome, and the arch in front of the mihrab.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201745-72">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1991707%E2%80%93708-74">[69]</a> These three adjoining areas covered by the mosaics are collectively referred to as the "triumphal arch" by Grabar or the "maqsura" by Pruitt.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201745-72">[68]</a> Mosaic designs were rare in Islamic architecture in the post-Umayyad era and al-Zahir's mosaics were a revival of this <a href="/wiki/Mosaic#Arab" title="Mosaic">Umayyad architectural practice</a>, including Abd al-Malik's mosaics in the Dome of the Rock, but on a larger scale. The drum mosaic depicts a luxurious garden inspired by the Umayyad or <a href="/wiki/Mosaic#Greek_and_Roman" title="Mosaic">Classical</a> style. The four pendentives are gold and characterized by indented <a href="/wiki/Tondo_(art)" title="Tondo (art)">roundels</a> with alternating gold and silver planes and patterns of peacock's eyes, eight-pointed stars, and palm fronds. On the arch are large depictions of vegetation emanating from small vases.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201745%E2%80%9346-75">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1991707%E2%80%93708-74">[69]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lazhar_Neftien_Aqsa_27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lazhar_Neftien_Aqsa_27.jpg/290px-Lazhar_Neftien_Aqsa_27.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1950" data-file-height="1295"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 290px;height: 193px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lazhar_Neftien_Aqsa_27.jpg/290px-Lazhar_Neftien_Aqsa_27.jpg" data-width="290" data-height="193" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lazhar_Neftien_Aqsa_27.jpg/435px-Lazhar_Neftien_Aqsa_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lazhar_Neftien_Aqsa_27.jpg/580px-Lazhar_Neftien_Aqsa_27.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_li-i%27zaz_Din_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah">al-Zahir</a>'s inscription above the mihrab</figcaption></figure> Atop the mihrab arch is a lengthy inscription in gold directly linking the al-Aqsa Mosque with Muhammad's <a href="/wiki/Isra%27_and_Mi%27raj" title="Isra' and Mi'raj">Night Journey</a> (the isra and mi'raj) from the "<a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">masjid al-haram</a>" to the "masjid al-aqsa".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201746-76">[71]</a> It marked the first instance of this Quranic verse being inscribed in Jerusalem, leading Grabar to hypothesize that it was an official move by the Fatimids to magnify the site's sacred character.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1986342-68">[65]</a> The inscription credits al-Zahir for renovating the mosque and two otherwise unknown figures, Abu al-Wasim and a <a href="/wiki/Sharif" title="Sharif">sharif</a>, al-Hasan al-Husayni, for supervising the work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201746-76">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[f]</a> Nasir Khusraw described the mosque during his 1047 visit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201747-78">[72]</a> He deemed it "very large", measuring 420 by 150 <a href="/wiki/Cubit#Islamic_world" title="Cubit">cubits</a> on its western side. The distance between each "sculptured" marble column, 280 in number, was six cubits. The columns were supported by stone arches and lead joints.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Strange188836%E2%80%9337-79">[73]</a> He noted the following features: <blockquote> ... the mosque is everywhere flagged with coloured marble ... The <a href="/wiki/Maqsura" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqsura">Maksurah</a> [or space railed off for the officials] is facing the centre of the south wall [of the Mosque and Haram Area], and is of such size as to contain sixteen columns. Above rises a mighty dome that is ornamented with enamel work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Strange188836%E2%80%9337-79">[73]</a></blockquote> Al-Zahir's substantial investment in the Haram, including the al-Aqsa Mosque, amid the political instability in the capital <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, rebellions by <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> tribes, especially the <a href="/wiki/Jarrahids" title="Jarrahids">Jarrahids</a> of Palestine, and plagues, indicate the caliph's "commitment to Jerusalem", in Pruitt's words.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201744-80">[74]</a> Although the city had experienced decreases in its population in the preceding decades, the Fatimids attempted to build up the magnificence and symbolism of the mosque, and the Haram in general, for their own religious and political reasons.<a href="#cite_note-83">[g]</a> The present-day mosque largely retains al-Zahir's plan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201744%E2%80%9345-84">[77]</a> Fatimid investment in Jerusalem ground to a halt toward the end of the 11th century as their rule became further destabilized. In 1071, a Turkish mercenary, <a href="/wiki/Atsiz_ibn_Uvaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Atsiz ibn Uvaq">Atsiz</a>, was invited by the city's Fatimid governor to rein in the Bedouin, but he turned on the Fatimids, besieging and capturing Jerusalem that year. A few years later, the inhabitants revolted against him, and were slaughtered by Atsiz, including those who had taken shelter in the al-Aqsa Mosque. He was killed by the Turkish <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuks</a> in 1078, establishing Seljuk rule over the city, which lasted until the Fatimids regained control in 1098.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoitein1986328-85">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crusader,_Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_periods">Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk periods</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saladin_Minbar-Aqsa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Saladin_Minbar-Aqsa.JPG/220px-Saladin_Minbar-Aqsa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 316px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Saladin_Minbar-Aqsa.JPG/220px-Saladin_Minbar-Aqsa.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="316" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Saladin_Minbar-Aqsa.JPG/330px-Saladin_Minbar-Aqsa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Saladin_Minbar-Aqsa.JPG/440px-Saladin_Minbar-Aqsa.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The doors of the <a href="/wiki/Minbar_of_the_al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Minbar of the al-Aqsa Mosque">Saladin Minbar</a>, early 1900s. The <a href="/wiki/Minbar" title="Minbar">minbar</a> was built on <a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_Zangi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur ad-Din Zangi">Nur al-Din</a>'s orders, but installed by Saladin</figcaption></figure> Jerusalem was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusaders</a> in 1099, during the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a>. They named the mosque Templum Solomonis (<a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a>), distinguishing it from the Dome of the Rock, which they named Templum Domini (Temple of God). While the Dome of the Rock was turned into a Christian church under the care of the <a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Pringle403-86">[79]</a> the al-Aqsa Mosque was used as a royal palace and also as a stable for horses. In 1119, the Crusader king accommodated the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> next to his palace within the building. During this period, the mosque underwent some structural changes, including the expansion of its northern porch, and the addition of an <a href="/wiki/Apse" title="Apse">apse</a> and a dividing wall. A new cloister and church were also built at the site, along with various other structures.<a href="#cite_note-87">[80]</a> The Templars constructed vaulted western and eastern annexes to the building; the western currently serves as the women's mosque and the eastern as the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Museum">Islamic Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nusseibeh-88">[81]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid">Ayyubids</a> under the leadership of Saladin reconquered Jerusalem following the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">siege of 1187</a>, several repairs and renovations were undertaken at al-Aqsa Mosque. In order to prepare the mosque for <a href="/wiki/Friday_prayer" title="Friday prayer">Friday prayers</a>, within a week of his capture of Jerusalem Saladin had the toilets and grain stores installed by the Crusaders at al-Aqsa removed, the floors covered with precious carpets, and its interior scented with rosewater and incense.<a href="#cite_note-89">[82]</a> Saladin's predecessor—the <a href="/wiki/Zengid" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengid">Zengid</a> sultan <a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_Zangi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur ad-Din Zangi">Nur al-Din</a>—had commissioned the construction of a new <a href="/wiki/Minbar" title="Minbar">minbar</a> or "pulpit" made of <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> and wood in 1168–69, but it was completed after his death; <a href="/wiki/Minbar_of_the_al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Minbar of the al-Aqsa Mosque">Nur ad-Din's minbar</a> was added to the mosque in November 1187 by Saladin.<a href="#cite_note-Maddenp230-90">[83]</a> The Ayyubid sultan of Damascus, <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27azzam_Isa" title="Al-Mu'azzam Isa">al-Mu'azzam</a>, built the northern porch of the mosque with three gates in 1218. In 1345, the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk</a> sultan <a href="/wiki/Al-Kamil_Sha%27ban" title="Al-Kamil Sha'ban">al-Kamil Sha'ban</a> added two naves and two gates to the mosque's eastern side.<a href="#cite_note-Nusseibeh-88">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman/modern_period">Ottoman/modern period</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Al_Aqsa_Moschee_um_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jerusalem_Al_Aqsa_Moschee_um_1900.jpg/220px-Jerusalem_Al_Aqsa_Moschee_um_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="2572"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 161px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jerusalem_Al_Aqsa_Moschee_um_1900.jpg/220px-Jerusalem_Al_Aqsa_Moschee_um_1900.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="161" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jerusalem_Al_Aqsa_Moschee_um_1900.jpg/330px-Jerusalem_Al_Aqsa_Moschee_um_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jerusalem_Al_Aqsa_Moschee_um_1900.jpg/440px-Jerusalem_Al_Aqsa_Moschee_um_1900.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The front view in 1900</figcaption></figure> After the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a> assumed power in 1517, they did not undertake any major renovations or repairs to the mosque. They made architectural contributions elsewhere on the Haram, including building the <a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Qasim_Pasha" title="Fountain of Qasim Pasha">Fountain of Qasim Pasha</a> (1527) and three free-standing domes—the most notable being the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Prophet" title="Dome of the Prophet">Dome of the Prophet</a> built in 1538, and restoring the <a href="/wiki/Pool_of_Raranj" class="mw-redirect" title="Pool of Raranj">Pool of Raranj</a>. These constructions were commissioned by the Ottoman governors of Jerusalem, rather than the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ottoman_Sultans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ottoman Sultans">sultans</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AG07-91">[84]</a> whose contributions were limited to additions to the existing minarets.<a href="#cite_note-AG07-91">[84]</a> In 1816, the mosque was restored by <a href="/wiki/Sulayman_Pasha_al-Adil" title="Sulayman Pasha al-Adil">Sulayman Pasha al-Adil</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>-based governor of <a href="/wiki/Sidon_Eyalet" title="Sidon Eyalet">Sidon</a>, after having been in a dilapidated state.<a href="#cite_note-92">[85]</a> The first renovation in the 20th century occurred in 1922, when the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Muslim_Council" title="Supreme Muslim Council">Supreme Muslim Council</a> under <a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husayni" class="mw-redirect" title="Amin al-Husayni">Amin al-Husayni</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti_of_Jerusalem" title="Grand Mufti of Jerusalem">Grand Mufti of Jerusalem</a>) commissioned <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> architect <a href="/wiki/Mimar_Kemaleddin_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimar Kemaleddin Bey">Ahmet Kemalettin Bey</a> to restore al-Aqsa Mosque and the monuments in its precincts. The council also commissioned <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">British</a> architects, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> engineering experts and local officials to contribute to and oversee the repairs and additions which were carried out in 1924–25 by Kemalettin. The renovations included reinforcing the mosque's ancient Umayyad foundations, rectifying the interior columns, replacing the beams, erecting a <a href="/wiki/Scaffolding" title="Scaffolding">scaffolding</a>, conserving the <a href="/wiki/Arch" title="Arch">arches</a> and drum of the main dome's interior, rebuilding the southern wall, and replacing timber in the central nave with a slab of concrete. The renovations also revealed Fatimid-era mosaics and inscriptions on the interior arches that had been covered with <a href="/wiki/Plasterwork" title="Plasterwork">plasterwork</a>. The arches were decorated with gold and green-tinted <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a> and their timber tie beams were replaced with <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a>. A quarter of the stained glass windows also were carefully renewed so as to preserve their original Abbasid and Fatimid designs.<a href="#cite_note-Yuvaz149-153-93">[86]</a> Severe damage was caused by the <a href="/wiki/Galilee_earthquake_of_1837" class="mw-redirect" title="Galilee earthquake of 1837">1837</a> and <a href="/wiki/1927_Jericho_earthquake" title="1927 Jericho earthquake">1927</a> earthquakes.<a href="#cite_note-Nusseibeh-88">[81]</a> The damage from the 1927 earthquake and a small tremor in the summer of 1937 caused the roof of the mosque to collapse.<a href="#cite_note-Hamilton1-2-94">[87]</a> Repairs were undertaken in 1938 and 1942.<a href="#cite_note-Nusseibeh-88">[81]</a> The upper part of the north wall of the mosque was reconstructed and the whole interior of the roofing was refaced. Other repairs included the partial reconstruction of the jambs and lintels of the central doors, the refacing of the front of five bays of the porch, and the demolition of the vaulted buildings that formerly adjoined the east side of the mosque. <a href="#cite_note-Hamilton1-2-94">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Fascist">Italian Fascist</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> donated <a href="/wiki/Carrara_marble" title="Carrara marble">Carrara marble</a> columns in the late 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-95">[88]</a> On 20 July 1951, <a href="/wiki/King_Abdullah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="King Abdullah I">King Abdullah I</a> was shot three times by a Palestinian gunman as he entered the mosque, killing him. His grandson <a href="/wiki/King_Hussein_of_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="King Hussein of Jordan">Prince Hussein</a>, was at his side and was also hit, though a medal he was wearing on his chest deflected the bullet. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_aqsa_moschee_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Al_aqsa_moschee_2.jpg/220px-Al_aqsa_moschee_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1050"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 144px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Al_aqsa_moschee_2.jpg/220px-Al_aqsa_moschee_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Al_aqsa_moschee_2.jpg/330px-Al_aqsa_moschee_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Al_aqsa_moschee_2.jpg/440px-Al_aqsa_moschee_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The dome in 1982, covered in aluminum and visibly silver, following the 1969 fire, rather than the original grey lead</figcaption></figure> The site fell under Israeli control on 7 June 1967, during the <a href="/wiki/Six_Day_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Six Day War">Six Day War</a>. On 21 August 1969, <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_mosque_fire" title="Al-Aqsa mosque fire">a fire was started by a visitor from Australia</a> named <a href="/wiki/Denis_Michael_Rohan" title="Denis Michael Rohan">Denis Michael Rohan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Times-96">[89]</a> an <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical Christian</a> who hoped that by burning down al-Aqsa Mosque he would hasten the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Jesus">Second Coming of Jesus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Time_2006-01-12-97">[90]</a> In response to the incident, a summit of Islamic countries was held in <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a> that same year, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">Faisal of Saudi Arabia</a>, the then king of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>. The al-Aqsa fire is regarded as one of the catalysts for the formation of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC, now the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>) in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-98">[91]</a> Following the fire, the dome was reconstructed in concrete and covered with <a href="/wiki/Anodized_aluminium" class="mw-redirect" title="Anodized aluminium">anodized aluminium</a>, instead of the original ribbed lead enamel work sheeting. In 1983, the aluminium outer covering was replaced with lead to match the original design by az-Zahir.<a href="#cite_note-Archnet-99">[92]</a> In the 1980s, Ben Shoshan and <a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Etzion" title="Yehuda Etzion">Yehuda Etzion</a>, both members of the <a href="/wiki/Gush_Emunim_Underground" class="mw-redirect" title="Gush Emunim Underground">Gush Emunim Underground</a>, plotted to blow up the al-Aqsa mosque and the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>. Etzion believed that blowing up the two mosques would cause a spiritual awakening in Israel, and would solve all the problems of the Jewish people. They also hoped the <a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple of Jerusalem</a> would be built on the location of the mosque.<a href="#cite_note-100">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[94]</a> On 5 November 2014, Israeli police entered Al-Aqsa for the first time since capturing Jerusalem in 1967, said Sheikh Azzam Al-Khatib, director of the Islamic Waqf. Previous media reports of 'storming Al-Aqsa' referred to the Haram al-Sharif compound rather than the Al-Aqsa mosque itself.<a href="#cite_note-102">[95]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> The rectangular al-Aqsa Mosque and its precincts cover 14.4 hectares (36 acres), although the mosque itself is about 1.1 acres (0.46 ha) in area and can hold up to 5,000 worshippers.<a href="#cite_note-LHL-103">[96]</a> It is 83 m (272 ft) long, 56 m (184 ft) wide.<a href="#cite_note-LHL-103">[96]</a> Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>, which reflects classical <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> architecture, the Aqsa Mosque is characteristic of early <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic architecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dome">Dome</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dome_of_the_Al-Aqsa_Mosque_(20160).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Dome_of_the_Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%2820160%29.jpg/220px-Dome_of_the_Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%2820160%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4433" data-file-height="2783"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Dome_of_the_Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%2820160%29.jpg/220px-Dome_of_the_Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%2820160%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Dome_of_the_Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%2820160%29.jpg/330px-Dome_of_the_Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%2820160%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Dome_of_the_Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%2820160%29.jpg/440px-Dome_of_the_Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%2820160%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The silver-colored dome consists of lead sheeting</figcaption></figure> Nothing remains of the original dome built by Abd al-Malik. The present-day dome mimicks that of az-Zahir, which consisted of wood plated with lead <a href="/wiki/Enamelwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Enamelwork">enamelwork</a>, but which was destroyed by fire in 1969. Today it is made of concrete with lead sheeting.<a href="#cite_note-Archnet-99">[92]</a> Al-Aqsa's dome is one of the few domes to be built in front of the mihrab during the Umayyad and Abbasid periods, the others being the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus (715) and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Sousse" title="Great Mosque of Sousse">Great Mosque of Sousse</a> (850).<a href="#cite_note-105">[98]</a> The interior of the dome is painted with 14th-century-era decorations. During the 1969 burning, the paintings were assumed to be irreparably lost, but were completely reconstructed using the <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Brandi" title="Cesare Brandi">trateggio</a> technique, a method that uses fine vertical lines to distinguish reconstructed areas from original ones.<a href="#cite_note-Archnet-99">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facade_and_porch">Facade and porch</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-Aqsa_Mosque_(Temple_Mount,_Jerusalem,_2008).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28Temple_Mount%2C_Jerusalem%2C_2008%29.jpg/220px-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28Temple_Mount%2C_Jerusalem%2C_2008%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4213" data-file-height="2802"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28Temple_Mount%2C_Jerusalem%2C_2008%29.jpg/220px-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28Temple_Mount%2C_Jerusalem%2C_2008%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28Temple_Mount%2C_Jerusalem%2C_2008%29.jpg/330px-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28Temple_Mount%2C_Jerusalem%2C_2008%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28Temple_Mount%2C_Jerusalem%2C_2008%29.jpg/440px-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28Temple_Mount%2C_Jerusalem%2C_2008%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The facade of the mosque. It was constructed by the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimid">Fatimids</a>, then expanded by the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusaders</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid">Ayyubids</a> and the Mamluks</figcaption></figure> The facade of the mosque was built in 1065 CE on the instructions of the Fatimid caliph <a href="/wiki/Ma%27ad_al-Mustansir_Billah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah">al-Mustansir Billah</a>. It was crowned with a balustrade consisting of arcades and small columns. The Crusaders damaged the facade, but it was restored and renovated by the Ayyubids. One addition was the covering of the facade with tiles.<a href="#cite_note-Nusseibeh-88">[81]</a> The second-hand material of the facade's arches includes sculpted, ornamental material taken from Crusader structures in Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-106">[99]</a> The facade consists of fourteen stone arches,<a href="#cite_note-auto-107">[100]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Al-Aqsa_Mosque#Dubious" title="Talk:Al-Aqsa Mosque">discuss</a>] most of which are of a <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> style. The outer arches added by the Mamluks follow the same general design. The entrance to the mosque is through the facade's central arch.<a href="#cite_note-SD-108">[101]</a> The porch is located at the top of[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Al-Aqsa_Mosque#Dubious" title="Talk:Al-Aqsa Mosque">discuss</a>] the facade. The central bays of the porch were built by the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a>,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Al-Aqsa_Mosque#Dubious" title="Talk:Al-Aqsa Mosque">discuss</a>] but Saladin's nephew <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27azzam_Isa" title="Al-Mu'azzam Isa">al-Mu'azzam Isa</a> ordered the construction of the porch itself in 1217.<a href="#cite_note-Nusseibeh-88">[81]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="Meaning what, that he EXTENDED the porch to the entire width of the facade? Or were the Crusader bays detached? Unlikely. Try to make sense. Quoted page not available today on Google Books. (June 2016)">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Al-Aqsa_Mosque#Dubious" title="Talk:Al-Aqsa Mosque">discuss</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interior">Interior</h3></div> The al-Aqsa Mosque has seven aisles of <a href="/wiki/Hypostyle" title="Hypostyle">hypostyle</a> <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">naves</a> with several additional small halls to the west and east of the southern section of the building.<a href="#cite_note-ADL-109">[102]</a> There are 121 <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> windows in the mosque from the Abbasid and Fatimid eras. About a fourth of them were restored in 1924.<a href="#cite_note-Yuvaz149-153-93">[86]</a> The spandrels of the arch opposite the main entrance include a mosaic decoration and inscription dating back to Fatimid period.<a href="#cite_note-Islam_p.151-110">[103]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior view of the mosque facing the mihrab"><noscript><img alt="Interior view of the mosque facing the mihrab" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84.jpg/200px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4541" data-file-height="3115"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 137px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84.jpg/200px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84.jpg" data-alt="Interior view of the mosque facing the mihrab" data-width="200" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84.jpg/300px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84.jpg/400px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior view of the mosque facing the mihrab</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Aqsa_mosque_(17127686720).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of the hypostyle prayer hall"><noscript><img alt="View of the hypostyle prayer hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Al_Aqsa_mosque_%2817127686720%29.jpg/200px-Al_Aqsa_mosque_%2817127686720%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Al_Aqsa_mosque_%2817127686720%29.jpg/200px-Al_Aqsa_mosque_%2817127686720%29.jpg" data-alt="View of the hypostyle prayer hall" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Al_Aqsa_mosque_%2817127686720%29.jpg/300px-Al_Aqsa_mosque_%2817127686720%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Al_Aqsa_mosque_%2817127686720%29.jpg/400px-Al_Aqsa_mosque_%2817127686720%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of the hypostyle prayer hall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Facad_near_central_dome_of_Aqsa_mosque.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Decorated wall above mihrab near central dome facing main entrance[103]"><noscript><img alt="Decorated wall above mihrab near central dome facing main entrance[103]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Facad_near_central_dome_of_Aqsa_mosque.jpeg/200px-Facad_near_central_dome_of_Aqsa_mosque.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 113px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Facad_near_central_dome_of_Aqsa_mosque.jpeg/200px-Facad_near_central_dome_of_Aqsa_mosque.jpeg" data-alt="Decorated wall above mihrab near central dome facing main entrance[103]" data-width="200" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Facad_near_central_dome_of_Aqsa_mosque.jpeg/300px-Facad_near_central_dome_of_Aqsa_mosque.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Facad_near_central_dome_of_Aqsa_mosque.jpeg/400px-Facad_near_central_dome_of_Aqsa_mosque.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Decorated wall above mihrab near central dome facing main entrance<a href="#cite_note-Islam_p.151-110">[103]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Aqsa3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior view of the mosque showing the mihrab, indicating the qiblah"><noscript><img alt="Interior view of the mosque showing the mihrab, indicating the qiblah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Aqsa3.jpg/141px-Aqsa3.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="955"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 141px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Aqsa3.jpg/141px-Aqsa3.jpg" data-alt="Interior view of the mosque showing the mihrab, indicating the qiblah" data-width="141" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Aqsa3.jpg/211px-Aqsa3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Aqsa3.jpg/282px-Aqsa3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior view of the mosque showing the <a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">mihrab</a>, indicating the <a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">qiblah</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Inscription_showing_contributors_name_to_restore_dome_of_Aqsa.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inscription showing Quran's aayat & contributors name to restore dome of Aqsa after 1969 burning"><noscript><img alt="Inscription showing Quran's aayat & contributors name to restore dome of Aqsa after 1969 burning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Inscription_showing_contributors_name_to_restore_dome_of_Aqsa.jpeg/200px-Inscription_showing_contributors_name_to_restore_dome_of_Aqsa.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 113px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Inscription_showing_contributors_name_to_restore_dome_of_Aqsa.jpeg/200px-Inscription_showing_contributors_name_to_restore_dome_of_Aqsa.jpeg" data-alt="Inscription showing Quran's aayat & contributors name to restore dome of Aqsa after 1969 burning" data-width="200" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Inscription_showing_contributors_name_to_restore_dome_of_Aqsa.jpeg/300px-Inscription_showing_contributors_name_to_restore_dome_of_Aqsa.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Inscription_showing_contributors_name_to_restore_dome_of_Aqsa.jpeg/400px-Inscription_showing_contributors_name_to_restore_dome_of_Aqsa.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inscription showing Quran's aayat & contributors name to restore dome of Aqsa after 1969 burning</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Aqsa_(6888221391).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior decoration of Aqsa main dome"><noscript><img alt="Interior decoration of Aqsa main dome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Al_Aqsa_%286888221391%29.jpg/149px-Al_Aqsa_%286888221391%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 149px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Al_Aqsa_%286888221391%29.jpg/149px-Al_Aqsa_%286888221391%29.jpg" data-alt="Interior decoration of Aqsa main dome" data-width="149" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Al_Aqsa_%286888221391%29.jpg/224px-Al_Aqsa_%286888221391%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Al_Aqsa_%286888221391%29.jpg/299px-Al_Aqsa_%286888221391%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior decoration of Aqsa main dome</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Aksa_(i.e.,_al-Aqsa)_Mosque._Cedar_pulpit_%26_mihrab_LOC_matpc.03246.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The original minbar installed under Saladin. The mihrab is visible to the left."><noscript><img alt="The original minbar installed under Saladin. The mihrab is visible to the left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/El_Aksa_%28i.e.%2C_al-Aqsa%29_Mosque._Cedar_pulpit_%26_mihrab_LOC_matpc.03246.jpg/200px-El_Aksa_%28i.e.%2C_al-Aqsa%29_Mosque._Cedar_pulpit_%26_mihrab_LOC_matpc.03246.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5804" data-file-height="4216"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 145px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/El_Aksa_%28i.e.%2C_al-Aqsa%29_Mosque._Cedar_pulpit_%26_mihrab_LOC_matpc.03246.jpg/200px-El_Aksa_%28i.e.%2C_al-Aqsa%29_Mosque._Cedar_pulpit_%26_mihrab_LOC_matpc.03246.jpg" data-alt="The original minbar installed under Saladin. The mihrab is visible to the left." data-width="200" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/El_Aksa_%28i.e.%2C_al-Aqsa%29_Mosque._Cedar_pulpit_%26_mihrab_LOC_matpc.03246.jpg/300px-El_Aksa_%28i.e.%2C_al-Aqsa%29_Mosque._Cedar_pulpit_%26_mihrab_LOC_matpc.03246.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/El_Aksa_%28i.e.%2C_al-Aqsa%29_Mosque._Cedar_pulpit_%26_mihrab_LOC_matpc.03246.jpg/400px-El_Aksa_%28i.e.%2C_al-Aqsa%29_Mosque._Cedar_pulpit_%26_mihrab_LOC_matpc.03246.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The original <a href="/wiki/Minbar_of_the_al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Minbar of the al-Aqsa Mosque">minbar</a> installed under <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">mihrab</a> is visible to the left.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_al-Aqsa_Mosque_(2177686417).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A man prays in the mosque in 2008"><noscript><img alt="A man prays in the mosque in 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_al-Aqsa_Mosque_%282177686417%29.jpg/200px-The_al-Aqsa_Mosque_%282177686417%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_al-Aqsa_Mosque_%282177686417%29.jpg/200px-The_al-Aqsa_Mosque_%282177686417%29.jpg" data-alt="A man prays in the mosque in 2008" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_al-Aqsa_Mosque_%282177686417%29.jpg/300px-The_al-Aqsa_Mosque_%282177686417%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/The_al-Aqsa_Mosque_%282177686417%29.jpg/400px-The_al-Aqsa_Mosque_%282177686417%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A man prays in the mosque in 2008</div> </li> </ul> The mosque's interior is supported by 45 <a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">columns</a>, 33 of which are <a href="/wiki/White_marble" class="mw-redirect" title="White marble">white marble</a> and 12 of stone.<a href="#cite_note-LHL-103">[96]</a> The column rows of the central aisles are heavy and stunted. The remaining four rows are better proportioned. The capitals of the columns are of four different kinds: those in the central aisle are heavy and primitively designed, while those under the dome are of the <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian order</a>,<a href="#cite_note-LHL-103">[96]</a> and made from Italian white marble. The capitals in the eastern aisle are of a heavy basket-shaped design and those east and west of the dome are also basket-shaped, but smaller and better proportioned. The columns and piers are connected by an architectural rave, which consists of beams of roughly squared timber enclosed in a wooden casing.<a href="#cite_note-LHL-103">[96]</a> A great portion of the mosque is covered with <a href="/wiki/Whitewash" title="Whitewash">whitewash</a>, but the drum of the dome and the walls immediately beneath it are decorated with <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaics</a> and marble. Some paintings by an Italian artist were introduced when repairs were undertaken at the mosque after an earthquake ravaged the mosque in 1927.<a href="#cite_note-LHL-103">[96]</a> The ceiling of the mosque was painted with funding by King <a href="/wiki/Farouk_of_Egypt" title="Farouk of Egypt">Farouk of Egypt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SD-108">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minbar">Minbar</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Minbar_of_the_al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Minbar of the al-Aqsa Mosque">Minbar of the al-Aqsa Mosque</a></div> The minbar of the mosque was built by a craftsman named Akhtarini from <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> on the orders of the Zengid sultan <a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_Zangi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur ad-Din Zangi">Nur ad-Din</a>. It was intended to be a gift for the mosque when Nur ad-Din would capture Jerusalem from the Crusaders and took six years to build (1168–74). Nur ad-Din died and the Crusaders still controlled Jerusalem, but in 1187, Saladin captured the city and the minbar was installed. The structure was made of ivory and carefully crafted wood. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_calligraphy" title="Arabic calligraphy">Arabic calligraphy</a>, geometrical and floral designs were inscribed in the woodwork.<a href="#cite_note-Oweis-111">[104]</a> After its destruction by <a href="/wiki/Denis_Michael_Rohan" title="Denis Michael Rohan">Rohan</a> in 1969, it was replaced by a much simpler minbar. In January 2007, <a href="/wiki/Adnan_al-Husayni" title="Adnan al-Husayni">Adnan al-Husayni</a>—head of the Islamic waqf in charge of al-Aqsa—stated that a new minbar would be installed;<a href="#cite_note-TAUS-112">[105]</a> it was installed in February 2007.<a href="#cite_note-113">[106]</a> The design of the new minbar was drawn by Jamil Badran based on an exact replica of the Saladin Minbar and was finished by Badran within a period of five years.<a href="#cite_note-Oweis-111">[104]</a> The minbar itself was built in Jordan over a period of four years and the craftsmen used "ancient woodworking methods, joining the pieces with pegs instead of nails, but employed computer images to design the pulpit [minbar]."<a href="#cite_note-TAUS-112">[105]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Current_situation">Current situation</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration">Administration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Waqf" title="Jerusalem Waqf">Jerusalem Waqf</a></div> The administrative body responsible for the whole Al-Aqsa Mosque compound is known as "the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Waqf" title="Jerusalem Waqf">Jerusalem Waqf</a>", an organ of the <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordanian</a> government.<a href="#cite_note-114">[107]</a> The Jerusalem Waqf is responsible for administrative matters in the <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa Mosque compound</a>. Religious authority on the site, on the other hand, is the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti_of_Jerusalem" title="Grand Mufti of Jerusalem">Grand Mufti of Jerusalem</a>, appointed by the government of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[108]</a> After the 1969 arson attack, the waqf employed architects, technicians and craftsmen in a committee that carry out regular maintenance operations. The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Movement_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Movement (Israel)">Islamic Movement</a> in Israel and the waqf have attempted to increase Muslim control of the Temple Mount as a way of countering Israeli policies and the escalating presence of Israeli security forces around the site since the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a>. Some activities included refurbishing abandoned structures and renovating.<a href="#cite_note-116">[109]</a> Ownership of the al-Aqsa Mosque is a contentious issue in the <a href="/wiki/Israel-Palestinian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Palestinian conflict">Israel-Palestinian conflict</a>. During the negotiations at the <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">2000 Camp David Summit</a>, Palestinians demanded complete ownership of the mosque and other Islamic holy sites in <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Access">Access</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestinian_Muslim_reading_The_Holy_Qur%27an_in_Al-Aqsa_mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Palestinian_Muslim_reading_The_Holy_Qur%27an_in_Al-Aqsa_mosque.jpg/220px-Palestinian_Muslim_reading_The_Holy_Qur%27an_in_Al-Aqsa_mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4052" data-file-height="2701"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Palestinian_Muslim_reading_The_Holy_Qur%27an_in_Al-Aqsa_mosque.jpg/220px-Palestinian_Muslim_reading_The_Holy_Qur%27an_in_Al-Aqsa_mosque.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Palestinian_Muslim_reading_The_Holy_Qur%27an_in_Al-Aqsa_mosque.jpg/330px-Palestinian_Muslim_reading_The_Holy_Qur%27an_in_Al-Aqsa_mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Palestinian_Muslim_reading_The_Holy_Qur%27an_in_Al-Aqsa_mosque.jpg/440px-Palestinian_Muslim_reading_The_Holy_Qur%27an_in_Al-Aqsa_mosque.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Palestinian Muslim man reading the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> inside al-Aqsa Mosque</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> who are residents of Israel or visiting the country and Palestinians living in East Jerusalem are normally allowed to enter the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> and pray at al-Aqsa Mosque without restrictions.<a href="#cite_note-AN-118">[111]</a> Due to security measures, the Israeli government occasionally prevents certain groups of Muslims from reaching al-Aqsa by blocking the entrances to the complex; the restrictions vary from time to time. At times, restrictions have prevented all men under 45, unmarried men under 50 and women under 45 from entering. Sometimes the restrictions are enforced on the occasion of Friday prayers,<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-119">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[113]</a> other times they are over an extended period of time.<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-119">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-bull-121">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc2-122">[115]</a> Restrictions are most severe for Gazans, followed by restrictions on those from West Bank. The Israeli government states that the restrictions are in place for security reasons.<a href="#cite_note-AN-118">[111]</a> Until 2000, non-Muslim visitors could enter the Aqsa Mosque by getting a ticket from the Waqf. That procedure ended when the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> began. Over two decades later, the Waqf still hopes negotiations between Israel and Jordan may result in allowing visitors to enter once again.<a href="#cite_note-123">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Excavations">Excavations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Excavations_at_the_Temple_Mount" title="Excavations at the Temple Mount">Excavations at the Temple Mount</a></div> Several excavations outside the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> took place following the 1967 War. In 1970, Israeli authorities commenced intensive excavations outside the walls next to the mosque on the southern and western sides. Palestinians believed that tunnels were being dug under the Aqsa Mosque in order to undermine its foundations, which was denied by Israelis, who claimed that the closest excavation to the mosque was some 70 meters (230 ft) to its south.<a href="#cite_note-storm-124">[117]</a> The Archaeological Department of the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Services_Minister_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Services Minister of Israel">Israeli Ministry of Religious Affairs</a> dug a tunnel near the western portion of the mosque in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-Ahram-125">[118]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s special envoy to Jerusalem <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Grabar" title="Oleg Grabar">Oleg Grabar</a>, buildings and structures on the Temple Mount are deteriorating due mostly to disputes between the Israeli, Palestinian and Jordanian governments over who is actually responsible for the site.<a href="#cite_note-126">[119]</a> In February 2007, the department started to excavate a site for archaeological remains in a location where the government wanted to rebuild a collapsed <a href="/wiki/Mughrabi-Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughrabi-Bridge">pedestrian bridge</a> leading to the <a href="/wiki/Mughrabi_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughrabi Gate">Mughrabi Gate</a>, the only entrance for non-Muslims into the Temple Mount complex. This site was 60 meters (200 ft) away from the mosque.<a href="#cite_note-127">[120]</a> The excavations provoked anger throughout the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic world">Islamic world</a>, and Israel was accused of trying to destroy the foundation of the mosque. <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a>—then <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority">Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> leader—called on Palestinians to unite to protest the excavations, while <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> said they would end their ceasefire with Israel.<a href="#cite_note-128">[121]</a> Israel denied all charges against them, calling them "ludicrous".<a href="#cite_note-129">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflicts">Conflicts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">2021 Israel–Palestine crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2022 Al-Aqsa clashes">2022 Al-Aqsa clashes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2023 Al-Aqsa clashes">2023 Al-Aqsa clashes</a></div> In April 2021, during both Passover and Ramadan, the site was a focus of tension between <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlers</a> and Palestinians. Jewish settlers broke an agreement between Israel and Jordan and performed prayers and read from the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> inside the compound, an area normally off limits to non-Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-130">[123]</a> On 14 April, Israeli police entered the area and forcibly cut wires to speakers in minarets around the mosque, silencing the call to prayer, claiming the sound was interfering with an event by the Israeli president at the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[124]</a> On 16 April, seventy thousand Muslims prayed in the compound around the mosque, the largest gathering since the beginning of the COVID pandemic; police barred most from entering the structure itself.<a href="#cite_note-132">[125]</a> In May 2021, hundreds of Palestinians were injured following clashes in the compound after reports of Israel's intention to proceed to <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Jarrah_property_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Jarrah property dispute">evict Palestinians</a> from land claimed by Israeli settlers.<a href="#cite_note-133">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[127]</a> On 15 April 2022, Israeli forces entered the Temple Mount and used tear gas shells and sound bombs to disperse Palestinians who, they said, were throwing stones at policemen. Some Palestinians barricaded themselves inside the Al-Aqsa mosque, where they were detained by Israeli police. Over 150 people ended up injured and 400 arrested.<a href="#cite_note-135">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[130]</a> On April 5, 2023, Israeli police raided the temple, saying "agitators" who had thrown stones and fired fireworks at the police, had barricaded themselves and worshippers inside. Following the incident, militants fired rockets from Gaza into southern Israel.<a href="#cite_note-138">[131]</a> On 22 April, 2024 Israeli police arrested 13 for incitement to violence after they were caught in the act of smuggling goats onto the site for ritual sacrifice,<a href="#cite_note-139">[132]</a> 3 had been arrested in 2023 for trying to smuggle lambs and goats onto the site.<a href="#cite_note-140">[133]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Israel" title="Islam in Israel">Islam in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in the Palestinian territories">Islam in the Palestinian territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ju%CA%BDranah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Juʽranah">Al-Juʽranah</a> in Saudi Arabia, alternative location for Quranic "al-Aqsa mosque"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_mosques_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the oldest mosques in the world">List of the oldest mosques in the world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_of_Omar_(Jerusalem)" title="Mosque of Omar (Jerusalem)">Mosque of Omar (Jerusalem)</a> – Mosque in the Christian Quarter of Jerusalem</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a> – Movement for self-determination and sovereignty of Palestine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_significance_of_the_Syrian_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious significance of the Syrian region">Religious significance of the Syrian region</a> – Region east of the Mediterranean SeaPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a href="/wiki/K._A._C._Creswell" title="K. A. C. Creswell">K. A. C. Creswell</a>, the archaeologists <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hamilton_(archaeologist)" title="Robert Hamilton (archaeologist)">Robert Hamilton</a> and Henri Stern, and the historian <a href="/wiki/F._E._Peters" class="mw-redirect" title="F. E. Peters">F. E. Peters</a> attribute the original Umayyad construction to al-Walid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllan199116-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199936,_note_58-41">[41]</a> Other architectural historians, Julian Rabi,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllan199116%E2%80%9317-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jere_Bacharach" class="mw-redirect" title="Jere Bacharach">Jere Bacharach</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBacharach199630-43">[43]</a> and Yildirim Yavuz,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYavuz1996153-38">[38]</a> as well as the scholars <a href="/wiki/Idris_Bell" title="Idris Bell">H. I. Bell</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell1908116-44">[44]</a> Rafi Grafman and Myriam Rosen-Ayalon,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrafmanRosen-Ayalon19992-45">[45]</a> and Amikam Elad,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199939-46">[46]</a> assert or suggest that Abd al-Malik started the project and al-Walid finished or expanded it. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> This tradition is detailed in the work of the 15th-century Jerusalemite historian <a href="/wiki/Mujir_al-Din" title="Mujir al-Din">Mujir al-Din</a>, the 15th-century historian <a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">al-Suyuti</a> and the 11th-century Jerusalemite writers <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Muhammad_ibn_Ahmad_al-Wasiti" title="Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Wasiti">al-Wasiti</a> and Ibn al-Murajja. The tradition cites an isnad (chain of transmission) traced to Thabit, a mid-8th-century attendant of the sanctuary complex, who transmits on the authority of <a href="/wiki/Raja_ibn_Haywa" title="Raja ibn Haywa">Raja ibn Haywa</a>, Abd al-Malik's court theologian who supervised the financing of the Dome of the Rock's construction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199936-48">[47]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> The 10th-century historians <a href="/wiki/Eutychius_of_Alexandria" title="Eutychius of Alexandria">Eutychius of Alexandria</a> and al-Muhallabi attribute the mosque's construction to al-Walid, though they also erroneously credit him for the Dome of the Rock's construction. Other inaccuracies in their works make Elad question their reliability on the matter. A number of 13th-century historians, including <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Athir" title="Ibn al-Athir">Ibn al-Athir</a>, support the claim, but Elad points out that they copy directly from the 10th-century historian <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">al-Tabari</a>, whose work only mentions al-Walid building the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Mosque" title="Umayyad Mosque">great mosques of Damascus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Masjid al-Nabawi">Medina</a>, with the 13th-century historians adding the al-Aqsa Mosque to his roster of great building works. Traditions by sources based in nearby <a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a> in the mid-8th century similarly credit al-Walid for the mosques in Damascus and Medina, but limit his role in Jerusalem to providing food for the city's <a href="/wiki/Qurra" class="mw-redirect" title="Qurra">Quran reciters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199937%E2%80%9338-54">[52]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> A great famine during the reign of al-Ma'mun depleted the Muslim population, and the situation was exacerbated for all of the city's inhabitants during the city's plunder by the peasant rebels of <a href="/wiki/Al-Mubarqa" title="Al-Mubarqa">al-Mubarqa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoitein1986326%E2%80%93327-69">[66]</a> The situation may have recovered by the late 10th century, but the unprecedented depredations throughout Palestine by the Bedouins of the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Tayy" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Tayy">Banu Tayy</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Jarrahids" title="Jarrahids">Jarrahids</a> in the 1020s likely caused a substantial decrease in the population.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoitein1986328%E2%80%93329-70">[67]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> This description of al-Zahir's mosque is the general scholarly view and is based on archaeological studies carried out during restoration work in the 1920s and the diary of Nasir Khusraw's visit in 1047.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201745-72">[68]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> The inscription above the central <a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">mihrab</a> reads <blockquote>In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful, Glory to the One who took his <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">servant</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Isra%27_and_Mi%27raj" title="Isra' and Mi'raj">journey by night</a> from the masjid al-haram to the masjid al-aqsa whose precincts we have blessed. [... He] has renovated it, our lord Ali Abu al-Hasan the imam <a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_li-i%27zaz_Din_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah">al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Commander of the Faithful</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah</a>, Commander of the Faithful, may the blessing of God be on him and his pure ancestors, and on his noble descendants [Shia religious formula alluding to the descendants of Muhammad through his daughter <a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima</a> and her husband <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a>, Muhammad's cousin]. By the hand of Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman, may God reward him. The [job] was supervised by Abu al-Wasim and al-Sharif al-Hasan al-Husaini.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201746-76">[71]</a></blockquote> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> The Fatimid efforts to strengthen the Muslim position in Jerusalem, starting from the reign of al-Zahir's predecessor, Caliph al-Hakim, was part of a proxy religious conflict between them and the Christian <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. From at least the 9th century, efforts had been underway to boost the city's Christian edifices, such as the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Sepulchre" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Sepulchre">Holy Sepulchre</a>, and pilgrimage infrastructure by Christian powers and leaders, including the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Thomas I of Jerusalem">patriarch of Jerusalem</a>, in the backdrop of renewed Byzantine offensive action against <a href="/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">Islamic Syria</a>. Recurrences of mob violence by the city's Muslims against Christians are reported in the 10th century, a time in which al-Muqaddasi laments that Christians and Jews in Jerusalem held the upper hand against the Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201739%E2%80%9343-81">[75]</a> The Fatimid inscription also points to al-Zahir's reassertion of the orthodox Muslim narrative of the Night Journey and Muhammad's primacy in Islam against the claims by the <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>, a newly emergent outgrowth of Isma'ili Islam in Egypt and Syria, of al-Hakim's divinity and <a href="/wiki/Occultation" title="Occultation">occultation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPruitt201750%E2%80%9351-82">[76]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AlRatrout-1"><a href="#cite_ref-AlRatrout_1-0">^</a> Al-Ratrout, H. A., The Architectural Development of Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Early Islamic Period, ALMI Press, London, 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-MujiralDin-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MujiralDin_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MujiralDin_2-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1849" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Williams_(priest)" title="George Williams (priest)">Williams, George</a> (1849). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fd07AAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA151">The Holy City: Historical, Topographical and Antiquarian Notices of Jerusalem</a>. Parker. pp. 143–160. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719062708/https://books.google.com/books?id=Fd07AAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA151">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2022. <q>The following detailed account of the Haram es-Sherif, with some interesting notices of the City, is extracted from an Arabic work entitled " The Sublime Companion to the History of Jerusalem and Hebron, by <a href="/wiki/Mujir_al-Din" title="Mujir al-Din">Kadi Mejir-ed-din, Ebil-yemen Abd-er-Rahman, El-Alemi</a>," who died A. H. 927, (A. d. 1521)… "I have at the commencement called attention to the fact that the place now called by the name Aksa (i. e. the most distant), is the Mosk [Jamia] properly so called, at the southern extremity of the area, where is the Minbar and the great Mihrab. But in fact Aksa is the name of the whole area enclosed within the walls, the dimensions of which I have just given, for the Mosk proper [Jamia], the Dome of the Rock, the Cloisters, and other buildings, are all of late construction, and Mesjid el-Aksa is the correct name of the whole area."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+City%3A+Historical%2C+Topographical+and+Antiquarian+Notices+of+Jerusalem&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E143-%3C%2Fspan%3E160&rft.pub=Parker&rft.date=1849&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFd07AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> and also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Hammer-Purgstall1811" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_von_Hammer-Purgstall" title="Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall">von Hammer-Purgstall, J.F.</a> (1811). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kSowAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA240">"Chapitre vingtième. Description de la mosquée Mesdjid-ol-aksa, telle qu'elle est de nos jours, (du temps de l'auteur, au dixième siècle de l'Hégire, au seizième après J. C.)"</a>. Fundgruben des Orients (in French). Vol. 2. Gedruckt bey A. Schmid. p. 93. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719062642/https://books.google.com/books?id=kSowAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA240">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2022. <q>Nous avons dès le commencement appelé l'attention sur que l'endroit, auquel les hommes donnent aujourd'hui le nom d'Aksa, c'est à-dire, la plus éloignée, est la mosquée proprement dite, bâtie à l'extrêmité méridionale de l'enceinte où se trouve la chaire et le grand autel. Mais en effet Aksa est le nom de l'enceinte entière, en tant qu'elle est enfermée de murs, dont nous venons de donner la longueur et la largeur, car la mosquée proprement dite, le dôme de la roche Sakhra, les portiques et les autres bâtimens, sont tous des constructions récentes, et Mesdjidol-aksa est le véritable nom de toute l'enceinte. (Le Mesdjid des arabes répond à l'ίερόν et le Djami au ναός des grecs.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapitre+vingti%C3%A8me.+Description+de+la+mosqu%C3%A9e+Mesdjid-ol-aksa%2C+telle+qu%27elle+est+de+nos+jours%2C+%28du+temps+de+l%27auteur%2C+au+dixi%C3%A8me+si%C3%A8cle+de+l%27H%C3%A9gire%2C+au+seizi%C3%A8me+apr%C3%A8s+J.+C.%29&rft.btitle=Fundgruben+des+Orients&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Gedruckt+bey+A.+Schmid&rft.date=1811&rft.aulast=von+Hammer-Purgstall&rft.aufirst=J.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkSowAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYavuz1996-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYavuz1996_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYavuz1996">Yavuz 1996</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalameh2009" class="citation journal cs1">Salameh, Khader (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1179/175638009x427620">"A New Saljuq Inscription in the Masjid al-Aqsa, Jerusalem"</a>. Levant. 41 (1): 107–117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2F175638009x427620">10.1179/175638009x427620</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0075-8914">0075-8914</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162230613">162230613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719062642/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/175638009X427620">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Levant&rft.atitle=A+New+Saljuq+Inscription+in+the+Masjid+al-Aqsa%2C+Jerusalem&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E107-%3C%2Fspan%3E117&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162230613%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0075-8914&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2F175638009x427620&rft.aulast=Salameh&rft.aufirst=Khader&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1179%2F175638009x427620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> 1936 <a href="/wiki/Survey_of_Palestine" title="Survey of Palestine">Survey of Palestine</a> map of the Old City of Jerusalem </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-6"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-0">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Raissa Kasolowsky; Edmund Blair (6 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/where-is-al-aqsa-mosque-why-is-it-so-important-islam-2023-04-05/">"Factbox: Where is Al Aqsa mosque and why is it so important in Islam?"</a>. Reuters. Retrieved 23 July 2023. <q>WHERE AND WHAT IS THE AL-AQSA MOSQUE? The Al-Aqsa lies at the heart of Jerusalem's Old City on a hill known to Jews as Har ha-Bayit, or Temple Mount, and to Muslims internationally as al-Haram al-Sharif, or The Noble Sanctuary. Muslims regard the site as the third holiest in Islam, after Mecca and Medina. Al-Aqsa is the name given to the whole compound and is home to two Muslim holy places: the Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa Mosque, also known as the Qibli Mosque, which was built in the 8th century AD.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Factbox%3A+Where+is+Al+Aqsa+mosque+and+why+is+it+so+important+in+Islam%3F&rft.date=2023-04-06&rft.au=Raissa+Kasolowsky&rft.au=Edmund+Blair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fwhere-is-al-aqsa-mosque-why-is-it-so-important-islam-2023-04-05%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Tucker, S.C.; Roberts, P. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&pg=PA70">The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History [4 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History</a>. ABC-CLIO history reference online. ABC-CLIO. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-842-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-842-2"><bdi>978-1-85109-842-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719062641/https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&pg=PA70">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2022. <q>Al-Aqsa Mosque The al-Aqsa Mosque (literally, "farthest mosque") is both a building and a complex of religious buildings in Jerusalem. It is known to Muslims as al-Haram al-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary) and to Jews and Christians as the Har ha-Bayit or Temple Mount. The whole area of the Noble Sanctuary is considered by Muslims to be the al-Aqsa Mosque, and the entire precinct is inviolable according to Islamic law. It is considered specifically part of the waqf (endowment) land that had included the Western Wall (Wailing Wall), property of an Algerian family, and more generally a waqf of all of Islam. When viewed as a complex of buildings, the al-Aqsa Mosque is dominated and bounded by two major structures: the al-Aqsa Mosque building on the east and the Dome of the Rock (or the Mosque of Omar) on the west. The Dome of the Rock is the oldest holy building in Islam.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Arab-Israeli+Conflict%3A+A+Political%2C+Social%2C+and+Military+History+%5B4+volumes%5D%3A+A+Political%2C+Social%2C+and+Military+History&rft.series=ABC-CLIO+history+reference+online&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-842-2&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=S.C.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYAd8efHdVzIC%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-61154373">"Jerusalem holy site clashes fuel fears of return to war"</a>. BBC News. 22 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220524195544/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-61154373">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022. <q>Whole site also considered by Muslims as Al Aqsa Mosque</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Jerusalem+holy+site+clashes+fuel+fears+of+return+to+war&rft.date=2022-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-61154373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNESCO_World_Heritage_Centre2022" class="citation web cs1">UNESCO World Heritage Centre (4 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/6243/">"39 COM 7A.27 - Decision"</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220530124745/https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/6243/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022. <q>…the historic Gates and windows of the Qibli Mosque inside Al-Aqsa Mosque/ Al-Haram Al-Sharif, which is a Muslim holy site of worship and an integral part of a World Heritage Site</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=39+COM+7A.27+-+Decision&rft.date=2022-04-04&rft.au=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fdecisions%2F6243%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEF_Survey_of_Palestine" title="PEF Survey of Palestine">The Survey of Western Palestine</a>, <a href="//archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00warruoft/page/118" class="extiw" title="iarchive:surveyofwesternp00warruoft/page/118">Jerusalem</a>, 1884, p.119: "The Jamia el Aksa, or 'distant mosque' (that is, distant from Mecca), is on the south, reaching to the outer wall. The whole enclosure of the Haram is called by Moslem writers Masjid el Aksa, 'praying-place of the Aksa,' from this mosque."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Reiter" title="Yitzhak Reiter">Yitzhak Reiter</a>: "This article deals with the employment of religious symbols for national identities and national narratives by using the sacred compound in Jerusalem (The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa) as a case study. The narrative of The Holy Land involves three concentric circles, each encompassing the other, with each side having its own names for each circle. These are: Palestine/Eretz Israel (i.e., the Land of Israel); Jerusalem/al-Quds and finally The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa compound...Within the struggle over public awareness of Jerusalem's importance, one particular site is at the eye of the storm—the Temple Mount and its Western Wall—the Jewish Kotel—or, in Muslim terminology, the al-Aqsa compound (alternatively: al-Haram al-Sharif) including the al-Buraq Wall... "Al-Aqsa" for the Palestinian-Arab-Muslim side is not merely a mosque mentioned in the Quran within the context of the Prophet Muhammad's miraculous Night Journey to al-Aqsa which, according to tradition, concluded with his ascension to heaven (and prayer with all of the prophets and the Jewish and Christian religious figures who preceded him); rather, it also constitutes a unique symbol of identity, one around which various political objectives may be formulated, plans of action drawn up and masses mobilized for their realization", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259734239_Narratives_of_Jerusalem_and_its_Sacred_Compound">"Narratives of Jerusalem and its Sacred Compound"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521120924/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259734239_Narratives_of_Jerusalem_and_its_Sacred_Compound">Archived</a> 21 May 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Israel Studies 18(2):115-132 (July 2013)</li> <li>Annika Björkdahl and Susanne Buckley-Zistel: "The site is known in Arabic as Haram al-Sharif – the Noble Sanctuary – and colloquially as the Haram or the al-Aqsa compound; while in Hebrew, it is called Har HaBeit – the Temple Mount." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnnika_BjörkdahlSusanne_Buckley-Zistel2016" class="citation book cs1">Annika Björkdahl; Susanne Buckley-Zistel (1 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YrztCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA243">Spatialising Peace and Conflict: Mapping the Production of Places, Sites and Scales of Violence</a>. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 243–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-55048-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-55048-4"><bdi>978-1-137-55048-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521120924/https://books.google.com/books?id=YrztCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA243">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spatialising+Peace+and+Conflict%3A+Mapping+the+Production+of+Places%2C+Sites+and+Scales+of+Violence&rft.pages=243-&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.isbn=978-1-137-55048-4&rft.au=Annika+Bj%C3%B6rkdahl&rft.au=Susanne+Buckley-Zistel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYrztCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi_Abdul_Hadi" title="Mahdi Abdul Hadi">Mahdi Abdul Hadi</a>:"Al-Aqsa Mosque, also referred to as Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary), comprises the entire area within the compound walls (a total area of 144,000 m2) - including all the mosques, prayer rooms, buildings, platforms and open courtyards located above or under the grounds - and exceeds 200 historical monuments pertaining to various Islamic eras. According to Islamic creed and jurisprudence, all these buildings and courtyards enjoy the same degree of sacredness since they are built on Al-Aqsa's holy grounds. This sacredness is not exclusive to the physical structures allocated for prayer, like the Dome of the Rock or Al-Qibly Mosque (the mosque with the large silver dome)"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tika.gov.tr/upload/2016/INGILIZCE%20SITE%20ESERLER/TANITIM%20BRO%C5%9E%C3%9CRLER%C4%B0/PDF/Haram-Ash-sharief-Final-En_2013.pdf">Mahdi Abdul Hadi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200216194529/https://www.tika.gov.tr/upload/2016/INGILIZCE%20SITE%20ESERLER/TANITIM%20BRO%c5%9e%c3%9cRLER%c4%b0/PDF/Haram-Ash-sharief-Final-En_2013.pdf">Archived</a> 2020-02-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Academic_Society_for_the_Study_of_International_Affairs" title="Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs">Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs</a>; Tim Marshall: "Many people believe that the mosque depicted is called the Al-Aqsa; however, a visit to one of Palestine's most eminent intellectuals, Mahdi F. Abdul Hadi, clarified the issue. Hadi is chairman of the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, based in East Jerusalem. His offices are a treasure trove of old photographs, documents, and symbols. He was kind enough to spend several hours with me. He spread out maps of Jerusalem's Old City on a huge desk and homed in on the Al-Aqsa compound, which sits above the Western Wall. "The mosque in the Al-Aqsa [Brigades] flag is the Dome of the Rock. Everyone takes it for granted that it is the Al-Aqsa mosque, but no, the whole compound is Al-Aqsa, and on it are two mosques, the Qibla mosque and the Dome of the Rock, and on the flags of both Al-Aqsa Brigades and the Qassam Brigades, it is the Dome of the Rock shown," he said. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_Marshall2017" class="citation book cs1">Tim Marshall (4 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ysYpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA151">A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols</a>. Simon and Schuster. pp. 151–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6833-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6833-8"><bdi>978-1-5011-6833-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190912153537/https://books.google.com/books?id=ysYpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA151">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Flag+Worth+Dying+For%3A+The+Power+and+Politics+of+National+Symbols&rft.pages=151-&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2017-07-04&rft.isbn=978-1-5011-6833-8&rft.au=Tim+Marshall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DysYpDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ker09-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Ker09_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKershner2009" class="citation news cs1">Kershner, Isabel (14 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/15/world/middleeast/15mount.html?_r=1">"Unusual Partners Study Divisive Jerusalem Site"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Unusual+Partners+Study+Divisive+Jerusalem+Site&rft.date=2009-11-14&rft.aulast=Kershner&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F11%2F15%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F15mount.html%3F_r%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_W._Hughes" title="Aaron W. Hughes">Hughes, Aaron W.</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nWV_BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45">Theorizing Islam: Disciplinary Deconstruction and Reconstruction</a>. Religion in Culture. Taylor & Francis. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-54594-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-54594-1"><bdi>978-1-317-54594-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719063147/https://books.google.com/books?id=nWV_BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2022. <q>Although later commentators would debate whether or not this journey was a physical one or took place at an internal level, it would come to play a crucial role in establishing Muhammad's prophetic credentials. In the first part of this journey, referred to as the isra, he traveled from the Kaba in Mecca to "the farthest mosque" (al-masjid al-aqsa), identified with the Temple Mount in Jerusalem: the al-Aqsa mosque that stands there today eventually took its name from this larger precinct, in which it was constructed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theorizing+Islam%3A+Disciplinary+Deconstruction+and+Reconstruction&rft.series=Religion+in+Culture&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-54594-1&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Aaron+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnWV_BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSway2015" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Sway, Mustafa A. (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1724483297">"Al-Aqsa Mosque: Do Not Intrude!"</a>, Palestine - Israel Journal of Politics, Economics, and Culture, 20/21 (4): 108–113, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1724483297">1724483297</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719063144/https://www.proquest.com/docview/1724483297">archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023, retrieved 28 July 2022 – via ProQuest, <q>Ahmed ibn Hanbal (780–855): "Verily, 'Al-Aqsa' is a name for the whole mosque which is surrounded by the wall, the length and width of which are mentioned here, for the building that exists in the southern part of the Mosque, and the other ones such as the Dome of the Rock and the corridors and other [buildings] are novel (muhdatha)." Mustafa Sway: More than 500 years ago, when Mujir Al-Din Al-Hanbali offered the above definition of Al-Aqsa Mosque in the year 900 AH/1495, there were no conflicts, no occupation and no contesting narratives surrounding the site.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palestine+-+Israel+Journal+of+Politics%2C+Economics%2C+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Al-Aqsa+Mosque%3A+Do+Not+Intrude%21&rft.volume=20%2F21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E108-%3C%2Fspan%3E113&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Sway&rft.aufirst=Mustafa+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F1724483297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOmar2017" class="citation journal cs1">Omar, Abdallah Marouf (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/26300531">"Al-Aqsa Mosque's Incident in July 2017: Affirming the Policy of Deterrence"</a>. Insight Turkey. 19 (3): 69–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.25253%2F99.2017193.05">10.25253/99.2017193.05</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1302-177X">1302-177X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26300531">26300531</a>. <q>In a treaty signed by Jordan and the Palestinian Authority on March 31, 2013, both sides define al-Aqsa Mosque as being "al-Masjid al-Aqsa with its 144 dunums, which include the Qibli Mosque of al-Aqsa, the Mosque of the Dome of the Rock, and all its mosques, buildings, walls, courtyards". ... Israel insists on identifying al-Aqsa Mosque as being a small building. ... Nonetheless, the Executive Board of UNESCO adopted the Jordanian definition of al-Aqsa Mosque in its Resolution (199 EX/PX/DR.19.1 Rev).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insight+Turkey&rft.atitle=Al-Aqsa+Mosque%27s+Incident+in+July+2017%3A+Affirming+the+Policy+of+Deterrence.&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E69-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=1302-177X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26300531%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.25253%2F99.2017193.05&rft.aulast=Omar&rft.aufirst=Abdallah+Marouf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26300531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation conference cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000244378">Occupied Palestine: draft decision (199 EX/PX/DR.19.1 REV), UNESCO Executive Board</a>. UNESCO. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Occupied+Palestine%3A+draft+decision+%28199+EX%2FPX%2FDR.19.1+REV%29%2C+UNESCO+Executive+Board&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fark%3A%2F48223%2Fpf0000244378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/09/khatib-muslim-endowments-israel-jordan-al-aqsa.html">"Arab states neglect Al-Aqsa says head of Jerusalem Waqf"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Monitor" title="Al-Monitor">Al-Monitor</a>. 5 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424012208/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/09/khatib-muslim-endowments-israel-jordan-al-aqsa.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Monitor&rft.atitle=Arab+states+neglect+Al-Aqsa+says+head+of+Jerusalem+Waqf&rft.date=2014-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2014%2F09%2Fkhatib-muslim-endowments-israel-jordan-al-aqsa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robinson-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robinson_12-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinsonSmith1841" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Researches_in_Palestine" title="Biblical Researches in Palestine">Biblical Researches in Palestine</a>. John Murray. <q>The Jámi'a el-Aksa is the mosk alone; the Mesjid el-Aksa is the mosk with all the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_enclosure" title="Sacred enclosure">sacred enclosure</a> and precincts, including the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Sükhrah</a>. Thus the words Mesjid and Jāmi'a differ in usage somewhat like the Greek ίερόν and ναός.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biblical+Researches+in+Palestine&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1841&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Smith%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palmer-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palmer_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palmer_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palmer_13-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1871" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Henry_Palmer" title="Edward Henry Palmer">Palmer, E. H.</a> (1871). "History of the Haram Es Sherif: Compiled from the Arabic Historians". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 3 (3): 122–132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fpeq.1871.012">10.1179/peq.1871.012</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-0328">0031-0328</a>. <q>EXCURSUS ON THE NAME MASJID EL AKSA. In order to understand the native accounts of the sacred area at Jerusalem, it is essentially necessary to keep in mind the proper application of the various names by which it is spoken of. When the Masjid el Aksa is mentioned, that name is usually supposed to refer to the well-known mosque on the south side of the Haram, but such is not really the case. The latter building is called El Jámʻi el Aksa, or simply El Aksa, and the substructures are called El Aksa el Kadímeh (the ancient Aksa), while the title El Masjid el Aksa is applied to the whole sanctuary. The word Jámi is exactly equivalent in sense to the Greek συναγωγή, and is applied to the church or building in which the worshippers congregate. Masjid, on the other hand, is a much more general term; it is derived from the verb sejada "to adore," and is applied to any spot, the sacred character of which would especially incite the visitor to an act of devotion. Our word mosque is a corruption of masjid, but it is usually misapplied, as the building is never so designated, although the whole area on which it stands may be so spoken of. The Cubbet es Sakhrah, El Aksa, Jam'i el Magharibeh, &c., are each called a Jami, but the entire Haram is a masjid. This will explain how it is that 'Omar, after visiting the churches of the Anastasis, Sion, &c., was taken to the "Masjid" of Jerusalem, and will account for the statement of Ibn el 'Asa'kir and others, that the Masjid el Aksa measured over 600 cubits in length-that is, the length of the whole Haram area. The name Masjid el Aksa is borrowed from the passage in the Coran (xvii. 1), when allusion is made to the pretended ascent of Mohammed into heaven from ·the temple of Jerusalem; "Praise be unto Him who transported His servant by night from El Masjid el Haram (i.e., 'the Sacred place of Adoration' at Mecca) to El Masjid el Aksa (i.e., 'the Remote place of Adoration' at Jerusalem), the precincts of which we have blessed," &c. The title El Aksa, "the Remote," according to the Mohammedan doctors, is applied to the temple of Jerusalem "either because of its distance from Mecca, or because it is in the centre of the earth."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palestine+Exploration+Quarterly&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Haram+Es+Sherif%3A+Compiled+from+the+Arabic+Historians&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E122-%3C%2Fspan%3E132&rft.date=1871&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Fpeq.1871.012&rft.issn=0031-0328&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=E.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PEF-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PEF_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PEF_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarrenConder1884" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Warren" title="Charles Warren">Warren, Charles</a>; <a href="/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder" title="Claude Reignier Conder">Conder, Claude Reignier</a> (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00warruoft/page/118/mode/2up">The survey of Western Palestine. Jerusalem</a>. Published for the Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. London. p. 119 – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+survey+of+Western+Palestine.+Jerusalem&rft.place=London&rft.pages=119&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Conder%2C+Claude+Reignier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofwesternp00warruoft%2Fpage%2F118%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-MukaddasiNasir-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MukaddasiNasir_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MukaddasiNasir_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MukaddasiNasir_15-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Strange1890" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Le_Strange" title="Guy Le Strange">Le Strange, Guy</a> (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BxUyssIX-H4C&pg=RA1-PA94">Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Translated from the Works of the Medieval Arab Geographers</a>. Houghton, Mifflin. p. 96. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719063147/https://books.google.com/books?id=BxUyssIX-H4C&pg=RA1-PA94">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2022. <q>Great confusion is introduced into the Arab descriptions of the Noble Sanctuary by the indiscriminate use of the terms Al Masjid or Al Masjid al Akså, Jami' or Jami al Aksâ; and nothing but an intimate acquaintance with the locality described will prevent a translator, ever and again, misunderstanding the text he has before him-since the native authorities use the technical terms in an extraordinarily inexact manner, often confounding the whole, and its part, under the single denomination of "Masjid." Further, the usage of various writers differs considerably on these points : Mukaddasi invariably speaks of the whole Haram Area as Al Masjid, or as Al Masjid al Aksî, "the Akså Mosque," or "the mosque," while the Main-building of the mosque, at the south end of the Haram Area, which we generally term the Aksa, he refers to as Al Mughattâ, "the Covered-part." Thus he writes "the mosque is entered by thirteen gates," meaning the gates of the Haram Area. So also "on the right of the court," means along the west wall of the Haram Area; "on the left side" means the east wall; and "at the back" denotes the northern boundary wall of the Haram Area. Nasir-i-Khusrau, who wrote in Persian, uses for the Main-building of the Aksâ Mosque the Persian word Pushish, that is, "Covered part," which exactly translates the Arabic Al Mughatta. On some occasions, however, the Akså Mosque (as we call it) is spoken of by Näsir as the Maksurah, a term used especially to denote the railed-off oratory of the Sultan, facing the Mihrâb, and hence in an extended sense applied to the building which includes the same. The great Court of the Haram Area, Nâsir always speaks of as the Masjid, or the Masjid al Akså, or again as the Friday Mosque (Masjid-i-Jum'ah).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+Under+the+Moslems%3A+A+Description+of+Syria+and+the+Holy+Land+from+A.D.+650+to+1500.+Translated+from+the+Works+of+the+Medieval+Arab+Geographers&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Houghton%2C+Mifflin&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Le+Strange&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBxUyssIX-H4C%26pg%3DRA1-PA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIdrīsīJaubert1836" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Idrisi" title="Muhammad al-Idrisi">Idrīsī, Muhammad</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Jaubert" title="Pierre Amédée Jaubert">Jaubert, Pierre Amédée</a> (1836). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BRA7AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA343">Géographie d'Édrisi</a> (in French). à l'Imprimerie royale. pp. 343–344. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719063143/https://books.google.com/books?id=BRA7AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA343">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2022. <q>Sous la domination musulmane il fut agrandi, et c'est (aujourd'hui) la grande mosquée connue par les Musulmans sous le nom de Mesdjid el-Acsa مسجد الأقصى. Il n'en existe pas au monde qui l'égale en grandeur, si l'on en excepte toutefois la grande mosquée de Cordoue en Andalousie ; car, d'après ce qu'on rapporte, le toit de cette mosquée est plus grand que celui de la Mesdjid el-Acsa. Au surplus, l'aire de cette dernière forme un parallelogramme dont la hauteur est de deux cents brasses (ba'a), et le base de cents quatre-vingts. La moitié de cet espace, celle qui est voisin du Mihrab, est couverte d'un toit (ou plutôt d'un dôme) en pierres soutenu par plusieurs rangs de colonnes ; l'autre est à ciel ouvert. Au centre de l'édifice est un grand dôme connu sous le nom de Dôme de la roche; il fut orné d'arabesques en or et d'autres beaux ouvrages, par les soins de divers califes musulmans. Le dôme est percé de quatre portes; en face de celle qui est à l'occident, on voit l'autel sur lequel les enfants d'Israël offraient leurs sacrifices; auprès de la porte orientale est l'église nommée le saint des saints, d'une construction élégante ; au midi est une chapelle qui était à l'usage des Musulmans; mais les chrétiens s'en sont emparés de vive force et elle est restée en leur pouvoir jusqu'à l'époque de la composition du présent ouvrage. Ils ont converti cette chapelle en un couvent où résident des religieux de l'ordre des templiers, c'est-à-dire des serviteurs de la maison de Dieu.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G%C3%A9ographie+d%27%C3%89drisi&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E343-%3C%2Fspan%3E344&rft.pub=%C3%A0+l%27Imprimerie+royale&rft.date=1836&rft.aulast=Idr%C4%ABs%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft.au=Jaubert%2C+Pierre+Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBRA7AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> Also at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Williams, G.; Willis, R. (1849). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T_sqAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA3-PA131">"Account of Jerusalem during the Frank Occupation, extracted from the Universal Geography of Edrisi. Climate III. sect. 5. Translated by P. Amédée Jaubert. Tome 1. pp. 341—345."</a>. The Holy City: Historical, Topographical, and Antiquarian Notices of Jerusalem. J.W. Parker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719063201/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Holy_City/T_sqAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=RA3-PA131&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Account+of+Jerusalem+during+the+Frank+Occupation%2C+extracted+from+the+Universal+Geography+of+Edrisi.+Climate+III.+sect.+5.+Translated+by+P.+Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e+Jaubert.+Tome+1.+pp.+341%E2%80%94345.&rft.btitle=The+Holy+City%3A+Historical%2C+Topographical%2C+and+Antiquarian+Notices+of+Jerusalem&rft.pub=J.W.+Parker&rft.date=1849&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Willis%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT_sqAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DRA3-PA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMustafa_Abu_Sway2000" class="citation journal cs1">Mustafa Abu Sway (Fall 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/6338726">"The Holy Land, Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Islamic Sources"</a>. Journal of the Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR): 60–68. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220529020617/https://www.academia.edu/6338726/The_Holy_Land_Jerusalem_and_Al_Aqsa_Mosque_in_the_Quran_Sunnah_and_other_Islamic_Literary_Sources_i">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022. <q>Quoting <a href="/wiki/Mujir_al-Din" title="Mujir al-Din">Mujir al-Din</a>: "Verily, 'Al-Aqsa' is a name for the whole mosque which is surrounded by the wall, the length and width of which are mentioned here, for the building that exists in the southern part of the Mosque, and the other ones such as the Dome of the Rock and the corridors and other [buildings] are novel"</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Central+Conference+of+American+Rabbis+%28CCAR%29&rft.atitle=The+Holy+Land%2C+Jerusalem+and+Al-Aqsa+Mosque+in+the+Islamic+Sources&rft.ssn=fall&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E60-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Mustafa+Abu+Sway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F6338726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Strange1890" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Le_Strange" title="Guy Le Strange">Le Strange, Guy</a> (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BxUyssIX-H4C&pg=RA1-PA89">Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Translated from the Works of the Medieval Arab Geographers</a>. Houghton, Mifflin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719063144/https://books.google.com/books?id=BxUyssIX-H4C&pg=RA1-PA89">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2022. <q>THE AKSÀ MOSQUE. The great mosque of Jerusalem, Al Masjid al Aksà, the "Further Mosque," derives its name from the traditional Night Journey of Muhammad, to which allusion is made in the words of the Kuran (xvii. I)... the term "Mosque" being here taken to denote the whole area of the Noble Sanctuary, and not the Main-building of the Aksà only, which, in the Prophet's days, did not exist.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+Under+the+Moslems%3A+A+Description+of+Syria+and+the+Holy+Land+from+A.D.+650+to+1500.+Translated+from+the+Works+of+the+Medieval+Arab+Geographers&rft.pub=Houghton%2C+Mifflin&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Le+Strange&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBxUyssIX-H4C%26pg%3DRA1-PA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strange_1887_pp._247–305-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Strange_1887_pp._247%E2%80%93305_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrange1887" class="citation journal cs1">Strange, Guy le (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/25208864">"Description of the Noble Sanctuary at Jerusalem in 1470 A.D., by Kamâl (or Shams) ad Dîn as Suyûtî"</a>. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 19 (2). Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: 247–305. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0035869X00019420">10.1017/S0035869X00019420</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-869X">0035-869X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25208864">25208864</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163050043">163050043</a>. <q>…the term Masjid (whence, through the Spanish Mezquita, our word Mosque) denotes the whole of the sacred edifice, comprising the main building and the court, with its lateral arcades and minor chapels. The earliest specimen of the Arab mosque consisted of an open courtyard, within which, round its four walls, run colonades or cloisters to give shelter to the worshippers. On the side of the court towards the Kiblah (in the direction of Mekka), and facing which the worshipper must stand, the colonade, instead of being single, is, for the convenience of the increased numbers of the congregation, widened out to form the Jami' or place of assembly… coming now to the Noble Sanctuary at Jerusalem, we must remember that the term 'Masjid' belongs not only to the Aksa mosque (more properly the Jami' or place of assembly for prayer), but to the whole enclosure with the Dome of the Rock in the middle, and all the other minor domes and chapels.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.atitle=Description+of+the+Noble+Sanctuary+at+Jerusalem+in+1470+A.D.%2C+by+Kam%C3%A2l+%28or+Shams%29+ad+D%C3%AEn+as+Suy%C3%BBt%C3%AE&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E247-%3C%2Fspan%3E305&rft.date=1887&rft.issn=0035-869X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163050043%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25208864%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0035869X00019420&rft.aulast=Strange&rft.aufirst=Guy+le&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25208864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-scholars-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scholars_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-scholars_20-1">b</a> *<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Abu-Sway, Mustafa (31 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pij.org/articles/1644/alaqsa-mosque-do-not-intrude">"Al-Aqsa Mosque: Do Not Intrude!"</a>. Palestine-Israel Journal. <q>Not only do the Israeli occupation authorities prevent freedom of movement and freedom of worship, they interfere in defining Al-Aqsa Mosque by restricting the meaning of Al-Aqsa Mosque to the southernmost building, Qibli Mosque, rather than all 144 dunums or 36 acres.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palestine-Israel+Journal&rft.atitle=Al-Aqsa+Mosque%3A+Do+Not+Intrude%21&rft.date=2013-03-31&rft.aulast=Abu-Sway&rft.aufirst=Mustafa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpij.org%2Farticles%2F1644%2Falaqsa-mosque-do-not-intrude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Omar, Abdallah Marouf (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/26300531">"Al-Aqsa Mosque's Incident in July 2017: Affirming the Policy of Deterrence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Insight_Turkey" title="Insight Turkey">Insight Turkey</a>. 19 (3): 69–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.25253%2F99.2017193.05">10.25253/99.2017193.05</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26300531">26300531</a>. <q>As shown before, Israel tried first to play with the definition of al-Aqsa as being only the Qibli Mosque building. This would give Israel an excuse to request a share in administrating the whole compound, claiming that not all of it is al-Aqsa Mosque</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insight+Turkey&rft.atitle=Al-Aqsa+Mosque%27s+Incident+in+July+2017%3A+Affirming+the+Policy+of+Deterrence.&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E69-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.25253%2F99.2017193.05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26300531%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Omar&rft.aufirst=Abdallah+Marouf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26300531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Yehia Hassan Wazeri THE FARTHEST MOSQUE OR THE ALLEGED TEMPLE AN ANALYTIC STUDY, Journal of Islamic Architecture Volume 2 Issue 3 June 2013, "The blessed Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa, which is mentioned in the Ever Glorious Qur'an (in Sura Al-Isra'), is the blessed spot that is now called Al-Haram Al-Qudsi and is surrounded by the great wall along with the buildings and monuments that have been built on it, on top of which is Al-Masjid Al-Qibli (covered Masjid) and the Dome of the Rock."</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Kamil, Meryem (1 September 2020). "Postspatial, Postcolonial". Social Text. 38 (3). Duke University Press: 55–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F01642472-8352247">10.1215/01642472-8352247</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0164-2472">0164-2472</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234613673">234613673</a>. <q>The compound is an enclosed platform, with its western portion demarcated as the Jewish holy site of the Wailing Wall. Within the com- pound are two hallowed buildings: the Dome of the Rock and al-Qibli mosque.19 Muslims venerate the Dome of the Rock as the site where Muhammad ascended to heaven, and Jews honor the site where Abraham sacrificed Isaac. Al-Qibli mosque is noted by Muslims as the initial direction for prayer before Mecca.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Text&rft.atitle=Postspatial%2C+Postcolonial&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E55-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.date=2020-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A234613673%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0164-2472&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F01642472-8352247&rft.aulast=Kamil&rft.aufirst=Meryem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Omran M. Hassan, A Graphical Vision of Aesthetics of Al-Quds Architecture through the Digital Technology, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 7s, (2020), pp. 2819-2838: "As shown, it is a part of the building of Al-Qibli mosque which is part of Al-Aqsa Mosque and one of its monuments with a roofed building topped by a dome covered by a layer of lead, located in the south side of Al-Aqsa Mosque towards Al-Qiblah in which the name Al-Qibli came from."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi_Abdul_Hadi" title="Mahdi Abdul Hadi">Mahdi Abdul Hadi</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tika.gov.tr/upload/2016/INGILIZCE%20SITE%20ESERLER/TANITIM%20BRO%C5%9E%C3%9CRLER%C4%B0/PDF/Haram-Ash-sharief-Final-En_2013.pdf">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200216194529/https://www.tika.gov.tr/upload/2016/INGILIZCE%20SITE%20ESERLER/TANITIM%20BRO%c5%9e%c3%9cRLER%c4%b0/PDF/Haram-Ash-sharief-Final-En_2013.pdf">Archived</a> 16 February 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Academic_Society_for_the_Study_of_International_Affairs" title="Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs">Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs</a>: "Al-Aqsa Mosque, also referred to as Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary), comprises the entire area within the compound walls (a total area of 144,000 m2) – including all the mosques, prayer rooms, buildings, platforms and open courtyards located above or under the grounds – and exceeds 200 historical monuments pertaining to various Islamic eras. According to Islamic creed and jurisprudence, all these buildings and courtyards enjoy the same degree of sacredness since they are built on Al-Aqsa's holy grounds. This sacredness is not exclusive to the physical structures allocated for prayer, like the Dome of the Rock or Al-Qibly Mosque (the mosque with the large silver dome)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Tim Marshall (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ysYpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA151">A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6833-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6833-8"><bdi>978-1-5011-6833-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719062641/https://books.google.com/books?id=ysYpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA151">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Flag+Worth+Dying+For%3A+The+Power+and+Politics+of+National+Symbols&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-5011-6833-8&rft.au=Tim+Marshall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DysYpDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988">: "Many people believe that the mosque depicted is called the Al-Aqsa; however, a visit to one of Palestine's most eminent intellectuals, Mahdi F. Abdul Hadi, clarified the issue. Hadi is chairman of the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, based in East Jerusalem. His offices are a treasure trove of old photographs, documents, and symbols. He was kind enough to spend several hours with me. He spread out maps of Jerusalem's Old City on a huge desk and homed in on the Al-Aqsa compound, which sits above the Western Wall. "The mosque in the Al- Aqsa [Brigades] flag is the Dome of the Rock. Everyone takes it for granted that it is the Al-Aqsa mosque, but no, the whole compound is Al-Aqsa, and on it are two mosques, the Qibla mosque and the Dome of the Rock, and on the flags of both Al-Aqsa Brigades and the Qassam Brigades, it is the Dome of the Rock shown", he said."</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031114752/https://haramalaqsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/al-aqsa-definition-AR.pdf">Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, The Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs, The Administration Department of Awgaf and Al-Aqsa Mosque Affairs, Jerusalem: Al-Aqsa Mosque</a>: "Al-Aqsa Mosque is a second name for al-Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem; both expressions have the same meaning and refer to the same Holy Site and its components; it is the place, which Allah, Exalted be He, allocated to be Prophet Muhammad's home of al-Isra', the Holy Journey at Night, and al-Mi'raj, from which the Prophet ascended to Heavens… Al-Aqsa Mosque includes the Qibli Mosque (al-Jami' al-Aqsa), the Marwani Mosque, the Dome of the Rock Mosque, al-Buraq Mosque, the lower Asa, Bab al-Rahmah, all grounds, prayer halls, corridors with all the historical buildings built on them…" </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rcja.org.jo/%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82/the-true-image-of-the-holy-aqsa-mosque/">Royal Committee for Jerusalem Affairs</a>: "Al-Musalla Al-Qibli is the large mosque building standing in the southern side of Al-Aqsa Mosque compound, it is called so because it stands in the direction of Al-Qiblah (direction of Mecca). Its construction in its current form was commenced by the Umayyad Caliph Abd Al-Malik Ibn Marwan, the building was completed during the reign of his son, Al-Walid Ibn Abd Al-Malik. Again, this edifice is a part of the blessed Aqsa Mosque and must not be referred to as Al-Aqsa Mosque itself." </li> <li id="cite_note-JordanPal-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JordanPal_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JordanPal_23-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecf.org.il/media_items/1507">Jordan-PLO Agreement on the Jerusalem Holy Sites - English (2013)</a>: "Recalling the unique religious importance, to all Muslims, of al-Masjid al-Aqsa with its 144 Dunums, which include the Qibli Mosque of al-Aqsa, the Mosque of the Dome of the Rock and all its mosques, buildings, walls, courtyards, attached areas over and beneath the ground and the Waqf properties tied-up to al-Masjid al-Aqsa, to its environs or to its pilgrims (hereinafter referred to as "Al-Haram Al-Sharif")" </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="United States State Department">United States State Department</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/report/custom/40e1ae14ea/">INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORTS: Israel, West Bank and Gaza, 2018</a>: "The Waqf continued to restrict non-Muslims who visited the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif from entering the Dome of the Rock and other buildings dedicated for Islamic worship, including the Al-Qibli/Al-Aqsa Mosque." </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>, 11 Jun 2015, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/oic-journal/docs/binder1">OIC Journal - Issue 29</a>: "As a result of its immense religious significance, the Old City is home to a number of important religious monuments, such as the Al-Aqsa Mosque, which comprises several sacred landmarks including the Dome of the Rock, the Southern Mosque (Al-Masjid Al-Qibli) and the Buraq Wall, and the Church of the Holy Sepulcher." </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">UNESCO World Heritage Centre (4 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/6243/">"39 COM 7A.27 - Decision"</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220530124745/https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/6243/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022. <q>…the historic Gates and windows of the Qibli Mosque inside Al-Aqsa Mosque/ Al-Haram Al-Sharif, which is a Muslim holy site of worship and an integral part of a World Heritage Site</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=39+COM+7A.27+-+Decision&rft.date=2022-04-04&rft.au=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fdecisions%2F6243%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> For example: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-61105497">BBC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425094116/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-61105497">Archived</a> 25 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/in-translation/2021/05/26/Seizing-the-al-Aqsa-Mosque-minbar-started-the-war-">Al-Arabiya</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/royal-directives-work-commences-renew-carpets-jerusalem-mosques">the Jordan Times</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/al-aqsa-mosque-jerusalem-360-degrees-tour-4k-video/index.html">Al-Jazeera</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/palestine-al-aqsa-islam-one-of-islam-holiest-significiance">Middle East Eye</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20170717-palestinians-wounded-in-israeli-attack-on-worshippers-near-al-aqsa/">Middle East Monitor</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hartsock2014-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Hartsock2014_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartsock2014" class="citation journal cs1">Hartsock, Ralph (27 August 2014). "The temple of Jerusalem: past, present, and future". Jewish Culture and History. 16 (2): 199–201. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1462169X.2014.953832">10.1080/1462169X.2014.953832</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162641910">162641910</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Culture+and+History&rft.atitle=The+temple+of+Jerusalem%3A+past%2C+present%2C+and+future&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E199-%3C%2Fspan%3E201&rft.date=2014-08-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1462169X.2014.953832&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162641910%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hartsock&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Netzer2008-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Netzer2008_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Netzer2008_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhud_Netzer2008" class="citation book cs1">Ehud Netzer (October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DbEFv2BBsCgC&pg=PA161">Architecture of Herod, the Great Builder</a>. Baker Academic. pp. 161–171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-3612-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-3612-5"><bdi>978-0-8010-3612-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901161324/https://books.google.com/books?id=DbEFv2BBsCgC&pg=PA161">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+of+Herod%2C+the+Great+Builder&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E161-%3C%2Fspan%3E171&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2008-10&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-3612-5&rft.au=Ehud+Netzer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDbEFv2BBsCgC%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvigad1977" class="citation journal cs1">Avigad, Nahman (1977). "A Building Inscription of the Emperor Justinian and the Nea in Jerusalem". Israel Exploration Journal. 27 (2/3): 145–151. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27925620">27925620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Exploration+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Building+Inscription+of+the+Emperor+Justinian+and+the+Nea+in+Jerusalem&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2%2F3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E145-%3C%2Fspan%3E151&rft.date=1977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27925620%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Avigad&rft.aufirst=Nahman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchick2007" class="citation book cs1">Schick, Robert (2007). "Byzantine Jerusalem". In Kafafi, Zeidan; Schick, Robert (eds.). Jerusalem before Islam. Archaeopress. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4073-0141-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4073-0141-9"><bdi>978-1-4073-0141-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Byzantine+Jerusalem&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+before+Islam&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Archaeopress&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4073-0141-9&rft.aulast=Schick&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiphschitzBigerBonaniWolfli1997" class="citation journal cs1">Liphschitz, N.; Biger, G.; Bonani, G.; Wolfli, W. (1997). "Comparative Dating Methods: Botanical Identification and 14C Dating of Carved Panels and Beams from the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem". Journal of Archaeological Science. 24 (11): 1045–1050. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JArSc..24.1045L">1997JArSc..24.1045L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fjasc.1997.0183">10.1006/jasc.1997.0183</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=Comparative+Dating+Methods%3A+Botanical+Identification+and+%3Csup%3E14%3C%2Fsup%3EC+Dating+of+Carved+Panels+and+Beams+from+the+Al-Aqsa+Mosque+in+Jerusalem&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1045-%3C%2Fspan%3E1050&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fjasc.1997.0183&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997JArSc..24.1045L&rft.aulast=Liphschitz&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Biger%2C+G.&rft.au=Bonani%2C+G.&rft.au=Wolfli%2C+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baruch-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Baruch_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaruch,_YuvalReich,_RonnySandhaus,_Débora2018" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuval_Baruch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuval Baruch (page does not exist)">Baruch, Yuval</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ronny_Reich" title="Ronny Reich">Reich, Ronny</a>; Sandhaus, Débora (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/37652052">"A Decade of Archaeological Exploration on the Temple Mount"</a>. Tel Aviv. 45 (1): 3–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03344355.2018.1412057">10.1080/03344355.2018.1412057</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:166015732">166015732</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220429140820/https://www.academia.edu/37652052/A_Decade_of_Archaeological_Exploration_on_the_Temple_Mount">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tel+Aviv&rft.atitle=A+Decade+of+Archaeological+Exploration+on+the+Temple+Mount&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03344355.2018.1412057&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A166015732%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Baruch%2C+Yuval&rft.au=Reich%2C+Ronny&rft.au=Sandhaus%2C+D%C3%A9bora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F37652052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baruch13-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baruch13_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baruch13_34-1">b</a> Baruch et al. (2018). pp. 13-14. </li> <li id="cite_note-DiCesare-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DiCesare_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DiCesare_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DiCesare_35-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichelina_Di_Cesare2020" class="citation book cs1">Michelina Di Cesare (2020). "The mosaic pavement beneath the floor of al-Aqṣā mosque: A case study of late antique artistic koiné". In Fabio Guidetti and Katharina Meinecke (ed.). A Globalised Visual Culture?. Oxbow. pp. 289–320.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+mosaic+pavement+beneath+the+floor+of+al-Aq%E1%B9%A3%C4%81+mosque%3A+A+case+study+of+late+antique+artistic+koin%C3%A9&rft.btitle=A+Globalised+Visual+Culture%3F&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E289-%3C%2Fspan%3E320&rft.pub=Oxbow&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Michelina+Di+Cesare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199931–32-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElad199931%E2%80%9332_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElad199931%E2%80%9332_36-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFElad1999">Elad 1999</a>, pp. 31–32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1986340-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabar1986340_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabar1986340_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabar1986340_37-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrabar1986">Grabar 1986</a>, p. 340. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYavuz1996153-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYavuz1996153_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYavuz1996153_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYavuz1996153_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYavuz1996153_38-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFYavuz1996">Yavuz 1996</a>, p. 153. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199933-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElad199933_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFElad1999">Elad 1999</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllan199116-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllan199116_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllan1991">Allan 1991</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199936,_note_58-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElad199936,_note_58_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFElad1999">Elad 1999</a>, p. 36, note 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllan199116–17-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllan199116%E2%80%9317_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllan1991">Allan 1991</a>, pp. 16–17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBacharach199630-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBacharach199630_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBacharach1996">Bacharach 1996</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell1908116-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBell1908116_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBell1908116_44-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBell1908">Bell 1908</a>, p. 116. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrafmanRosen-Ayalon19992-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrafmanRosen-Ayalon19992_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrafmanRosen-Ayalon1999">Grafman & Rosen-Ayalon 1999</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199939-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElad199939_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElad199939_46-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFElad1999">Elad 1999</a>, p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElad199936-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElad199936_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElad199936_48-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFElad1999">Elad 1999</a>, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabar1986341-49">^ <a 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(2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9evpVS_ackwC&pg=PA137">Jerusalem: Points of Friction, and Beyond</a> BRILL. pp. 136–138. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-411-8843-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-411-8843-6">90-411-8843-6</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Hancock, Lee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bXHpDNO70CcC&pg=PT40">Saladin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem: the Muslims recapture the Holy Land in AD 1187</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190912153635/https://books.google.com/books?id=bXHpDNO70CcC&pg=PT40">Archived</a> 12 September 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 2004: The Rosen Publishing Group. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8239-4217-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8239-4217-1">0-8239-4217-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maddenp230-90"><a href="#cite_ref-Maddenp230_90-0">^</a> Madden, 2002, p. 230. </li> <li id="cite_note-AG07-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AG07_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AG07_91-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aqsa.org.uk/MULTIMEDIA/AlAqsaGuide/tabid/82/language/en-GB/Default.aspx">Al-Aqsa Guide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081006175930/http://www.aqsa.org.uk/MULTIMEDIA/AlAqsaGuide/tabid/82/language/en-GB/Default.aspx">Archived</a> 6 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Friends of Al-Aqsa 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPappe2012" class="citation book cs1">Pappe, Ilan (2012). 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Middle East Monitor. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/15098-israeli-occupation-forces-breach-al-aqsa-mosque-for-the-first-time-since-1967">the original</a> on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=Israeli+occupation+forces+breach+Al-Aqsa+Mosque+for+the+first+time+since+1967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east%2F15098-israeli-occupation-forces-breach-al-aqsa-mosque-for-the-first-time-since-1967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LHL-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LHL_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LHL_103-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LHL_103-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LHL_103-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LHL_103-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LHL_103-5">f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifeintheholyland.com/al_aqsa_mosque.htm">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161116021815/http://www.lifeintheholyland.com/al_aqsa_mosque.htm">Archived</a> 16 November 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Life in the Holy Land. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> Gonen, 2003, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Necipogulu, 1998, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> Hillenbrand, Carolle. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UalnoF5MBHMC&pg=PA382">The Crusades: The Islamic Perspective</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200715042920/https://books.google.com/books?id=UalnoF5MBHMC&pg=PA382">Archived</a> 15 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Routeledge, p. 382 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-92914-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-92914-8">0-415-92914-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-107"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlastours.net/holyland/al_aqsa_mosque.html">"Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem"</a>. Atlas Travel and Tourist Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080726195105/http://www.atlastours.net/holyland/al_aqsa_mosque.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2008. Retrieved 29 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Al-Aqsa+Mosque%2C+Jerusalem&rft.pub=Atlas+Travel+and+Tourist+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlastours.net%2Fholyland%2Fal_aqsa_mosque.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SD-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SD_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SD_108-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-destinations.com/israel/jerusalem-al-aqsa-mosque.htm">Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724183611/http://www.sacred-destinations.com/israel/jerusalem-al-aqsa-mosque.htm">Archived</a> 24 July 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Sacred Destinations. </li> <li id="cite_note-ADL-109"><a href="#cite_ref-ADL_109-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=36">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090103022822/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=36">Archived</a> 3 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Archnet Digital Library. </li> <li id="cite_note-Islam_p.151-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Islam_p.151_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Islam_p.151_110-1">b</a> The Encyclopaedia of Islam; By H. A. R. Gibb, E. van Donzel, P. J. Bearman, J. van Lent; p.151 </li> <li id="cite_note-Oweis-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oweis_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oweis_111-1">b</a> Oweis, Fayeq S. (2002) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UjQAnCS1ongC&pg=PA115">The Elements of Unity in Islamic Art as Examined Through the Work of Jamal Badran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200715044121/https://books.google.com/books?id=UjQAnCS1ongC&pg=PA115">Archived</a> 15 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Universal-Publishers, pp. 115–117. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58112-162-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58112-162-8">1-58112-162-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-TAUS-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TAUS_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TAUS_112-1">b</a> Wilson, Ashleigh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/arts/lost-skills-revived/story-e6frg8n6-1111117996300">Lost skills revived to replicate a medieval minbar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200414083751/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/arts/lost-skills-revived/story-e6frg8n6-1111117996300">Archived</a> 14 April 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a>. 2008-11-11. 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Lynne Rienner Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58826-226-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-58826-226-X"><bdi>1-58826-226-X</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519163301/https://books.google.com/books?id=MfTycKFWBGEC&pg=PA44">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Sacred+Space%3A+The+Old+City+of+Jerusalem+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Lynne+Rienner+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-58826-226-X&rft.aulast=Dumper&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMfTycKFWBGEC%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElad1999" class="citation book cs1">Elad, Amikam (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CDz_yctbQVgC">Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship: Holy Places, Ceremonies, Pilgrimage</a> (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10010-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10010-5"><bdi>90-04-10010-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Jerusalem+and+Islamic+Worship%3A+Holy+Places%2C+Ceremonies%2C+Pilgrimage&rft.place=Leiden&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=90-04-10010-5&rft.aulast=Elad&rft.aufirst=Amikam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCDz_yctbQVgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsposito1998" class="citation book cs1">Esposito, John L. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SlhxoTHLxeMC&pg=PA164">Islam and Politics</a>. Syracuse University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8156-2774-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8156-2774-2"><bdi>0-8156-2774-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170111141125/https://books.google.com/books?id=SlhxoTHLxeMC&pg=PA164">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+Politics&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8156-2774-2&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSlhxoTHLxeMC%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoitein1986" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shelomo_Dov_Goitein" title="Shelomo Dov Goitein">Goitein, S. D.</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=Al-Kuds%3A+A.+History&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"Al-Kuds: A. History"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. Volume V: Khe–Mahi. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 322–339. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07819-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07819-2"><bdi>978-90-04-07819-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Al-Kuds%3A+A.+History&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+V%3A+Khe%E2%80%93Mahi&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E322-%3C%2Fspan%3E339&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-90-04-07819-2&rft.aulast=Goitein&rft.aufirst=S.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DAl-Kuds%253A%2BA.%2BHistory%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonen2003" class="citation book cs1">Gonen, Rivka (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pFgmOt7wRHwC&pg=PA95">Contested Holiness</a>. KTAV Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88125-799-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88125-799-0"><bdi>0-88125-799-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170111210723/https://books.google.com/books?id=pFgmOt7wRHwC&pg=PA95">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Holiness&rft.pub=KTAV+Publishing+House&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-88125-799-0&rft.aulast=Gonen&rft.aufirst=Rivka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpFgmOt7wRHwC%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrabar1986" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Grabar" title="Oleg Grabar">Grabar, O.</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=Al-Kuds%E2%80%94B.+Monuments&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"Al-Kuds—B. Monuments"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. Volume V: Khe–Mahi. Leiden: E. J. 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Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: 247–305. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0035869X00019420">10.1017/S0035869X00019420</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-869X">0035-869X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25208864">25208864</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163050043">163050043</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.atitle=Description+of+the+Noble+Sanctuary+at+Jerusalem+in+1470+A.D.%2C+by+Kam%C3%A2l+%28or+Shams%29+ad+D%C3%AEn+as+Suy%C3%BBt%C3%AE&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E247-%3C%2Fspan%3E305&rft.date=1887&rft.issn=0035-869X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163050043%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25208864%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0035869X00019420&rft.aulast=Le+Strange&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1772796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Strange1888" class="citation book cs1">Le Strange, Guy, ed. (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534281">Diary of a Journey through Syria and Palestine by Nasir Khusrau in 1017 AD</a>. London: Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diary+of+a+Journey+through+Syria+and+Palestine+by+Nasir+Khusrau+in+1017+AD&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palestine+Pilgrims%27+Text+Society&rft.date=1888&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924028534281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Strange1890a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Le_Strange" title="Guy Le Strange">Le Strange, G.</a> (1890a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft">Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500</a>. Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+Under+the+Moslems%3A+A+Description+of+Syria+and+the+Holy+Land+from+A.D.+650+to+1500&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Le+Strange&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestineundermo00lestuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarrar1998" class="citation book cs1">Jarrar, Sabri (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FG6ZlkRjD2IC&pg=PA71">"Suq al-Ma'rifa: An Ayyubid Hanbalite Shrine in Haram al-Sharif"</a>. In Necipoğlu, Gülru (ed.). Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World (Illustrated, annotated ed.). Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11084-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11084-7"><bdi>978-90-04-11084-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170111130058/https://books.google.com/books?id=FG6ZlkRjD2IC&pg=PA71">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Suq+al-Ma%27rifa%3A+An+Ayyubid+Hanbalite+Shrine+in+Haram+al-Sharif&rft.btitle=Muqarnas%3A+An+Annual+on+the+Visual+Culture+of+the+Islamic+World&rft.edition=Illustrated%2C+annotated&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11084-7&rft.aulast=Jarrar&rft.aufirst=Sabri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFG6ZlkRjD2IC%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPringle1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Denys_Pringle" title="Denys Pringle">Pringle, D.</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X0jH6VPi4-gC">The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: Volume 3, The City of Jerusalem: A Corpus</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39038-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39038-5"><bdi>978-0-521-39038-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151022062308/https://books.google.com/books?id=X0jH6VPi4-gC">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Churches+of+the+Crusader+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem%3A+Volume+3%2C+The+City+of+Jerusalem%3A+A+Corpus&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-39038-5&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX0jH6VPi4-gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPruitt2017" class="citation journal cs1">Pruitt, Jennifer (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/758485/pdf">"The Fatimid Holy City: Rebuilding Jerusalem in the Eleventh Century"</a>. The Medieval Globe. 3 (2): 35–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17302%2FTMG.3-2.3">10.17302/TMG.3-2.3</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:165391034">165391034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Medieval+Globe&rft.atitle=The+Fatimid+Holy+City%3A+Rebuilding+Jerusalem+in+the+Eleventh+Century&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E35-%3C%2Fspan%3E56&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17302%2FTMG.3-2.3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A165391034%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Pruitt&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F758485%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSprinzak1996" class="citation book cs1">Sprinzak, Ehud (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NdCTI5FqayAC&pg=PA149">"From Messianic Pioneering to Vigilante Terrorism: The Case of the Gush Emunim Underground"</a>. In Rapoport, David (ed.). Inside Terrorist Organizations. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10633-2" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10633-2"><bdi>90-04-10633-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170111144359/https://books.google.com/books?id=NdCTI5FqayAC&pg=PA149">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Messianic+Pioneering+to+Vigilante+Terrorism%3A+The+Case+of+the+Gush+Emunim+Underground&rft.btitle=Inside+Terrorist+Organizations&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=90-04-10633-2&rft.aulast=Sprinzak&rft.aufirst=Ehud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNdCTI5FqayAC%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYavuz1996" class="citation journal cs1">Yavuz, Yildirim (1996). "The Restoration Project of the Masjid al-Aqsa by Mïmar Kemalettın (1922–1926)". Muqarnas. 13: 149–164. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1523257">1523257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Muqarnas&rft.atitle=The+Restoration+Project+of+the+Masjid+al-Aqsa+by+M%C3%AFmar+Kemalett%C4%B1n+%281922%E2%80%931926%29&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E149-%3C%2Fspan%3E164&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1523257%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Yavuz&rft.aufirst=Yildirim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF'Asali1990" class="citation book cs1">'Asali, Kamil Jamil (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xIRpQcoieYQC&pg=PA105">Jerusalem in History</a>. Interlink Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56656-304-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-56656-304-6"><bdi>1-56656-304-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170111200510/https://books.google.com/books?id=xIRpQcoieYQC&pg=PA105">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+in+History&rft.pub=Interlink+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=1-56656-304-6&rft.aulast=%27Asali&rft.aufirst=Kamil+Jamil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxIRpQcoieYQC%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuld2005" class="citation book cs1">Auld, Sylvia (2005). "The Minbar of al-Aqsa: Form and Function". In Hillenbrand, R (ed.). Image and Meaning in Islamic Art. London: Altajir Trust. pp. 42–60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Minbar+of+al-Aqsa%3A+Form+and+Function&rft.btitle=Image+and+Meaning+in+Islamic+Art&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E42-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.pub=Altajir+Trust&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Auld&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrabar2000" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Grabar" title="Oleg Grabar">Grabar, Oleg</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414045823/http://archnet.org/system/publications/contents/5052/original/DPC1775.pdf?1384787486">"The Haram al-Sharif: An Essay in Interpretation"</a> (PDF). Bulletin of the Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies. Constructing the Study of Islamic Art. 2 (2). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archnet.org/system/publications/contents/5052/original/DPC1775.pdf?1384787486">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Royal+Institute+for+Inter-Faith+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Haram+al-Sharif%3A+An+Essay+in+Interpretation&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Grabar&rft.aufirst=Oleg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchnet.org%2Fsystem%2Fpublications%2Fcontents%2F5052%2Foriginal%2FDPC1775.pdf%3F1384787486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadden2002" class="citation book cs1">Madden, Thomas F. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519163302/https://books.google.com/books?id=DVuPvRSyV98C&q=minbar+saladdin+fire&pg=PA230">The Crusades: The Essential Readings</a>. Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-23023-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-23023-8"><bdi>0-631-23023-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DVuPvRSyV98C&q=minbar+saladdin+fire&pg=PA230">the original</a> on 19 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusades%3A+The+Essential+Readings&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-631-23023-8&rft.aulast=Madden&rft.aufirst=Thomas+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDVuPvRSyV98C%26q%3Dminbar%2Bsaladdin%2Bfire%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNetzer2008" class="citation book cs1">Netzer, Ehud (2008). The Architecture of Herod, the Great Builder. Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-3612-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-3612-5"><bdi>978-0-8010-3612-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Architecture+of+Herod%2C+the+Great+Builder&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-3612-5&rft.aulast=Netzer&rft.aufirst=Ehud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatel2006" class="citation book cs1">Patel, Ismail (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AJykv68bXxQC&pg=PA13">Virtues of Jerusalem: An Islamic Perspective</a>. Al-Aqsa Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9536530-2-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9536530-2-1"><bdi>0-9536530-2-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519163303/https://books.google.com/books?id=AJykv68bXxQC&pg=PA13">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Virtues+of+Jerusalem%3A+An+Islamic+Perspective&rft.pub=Al-Aqsa+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-9536530-2-1&rft.aulast=Patel&rft.aufirst=Ismail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAJykv68bXxQC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaby2004" class="citation book cs1">Raby, Julian (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=knVwZW_ogBQC&pg=PA298">Essays in Honour of J. M. Rogers</a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-13964-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-13964-8"><bdi>90-04-13964-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519163304/https://books.google.com/books?id=knVwZW_ogBQC&pg=PA298">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+in+Honour+of+J.+M.+Rogers&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=90-04-13964-8&rft.aulast=Raby&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DknVwZW_ogBQC%26pg%3DPA298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Aqsa+Mosque" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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</div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa-moskee" title="Al-Aqsa-moskee – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Al-Aqsa-moskee" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa-Moschee" title="Al-Aqsa-Moschee – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Al-Aqsa-Moschee" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A" title="المصلى القبلي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المصلى القبلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6" title="আল-আকছা মছজিদ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আল-আকছা মছজিদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB-%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Ал-Акъсса – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ал-Акъсса" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fl-%C6%8Fqsa_m%C9%99scidi" title="Əl-Əqsa məscidi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əl-Əqsa məscidi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%DB%8C" title="مسجد الاقصی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مسجد الاقصی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6" title="আল-আকসা মসজিদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আল-আকসা মসজিদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jami%27_al-Aqsha" title="Al-Jami' al-Aqsha – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Al-Jami' al-Aqsha" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_chheng-chin-s%C4%AB" title="Al-Aqsa chheng-chin-sī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Al-Aqsa chheng-chin-sī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%BB-%D0%90%D2%A1%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Әл-Аҡса мәсете – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Әл-Аҡса мәсете" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Аль-Акса – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аль-Акса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB-%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Ал-Акса – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ал-Акса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesd%C5%BEidul-aksa" title="Mesdžidul-aksa – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mesdžidul-aksa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesquita_d%27Al-Aqsa" title="Mesquita d'Al-Aqsa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mesquita d'Al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%A1ita_al-Aks%C3%A1" title="Mešita al-Aksá – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mešita al-Aksá" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosg_Al-Aqsa" title="Mosg Al-Aqsa – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mosg Al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa-moskeen" title="Al-Aqsa-moskeen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Al-Aqsa-moskeen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa-Moschee" title="Al-Aqsa-Moschee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Al-Aqsa-Moschee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BB-%CE%86%CE%BA%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Τέμενος Αλ-Άκσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τέμενος Αλ-Άκσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezquita_de_Al-Aqsa" title="Mezquita de Al-Aqsa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mezquita de Al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskeo_Al-Aksa" title="Moskeo Al-Aksa – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Moskeo Al-Aksa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Aksa_meskita" title="Al Aksa meskita – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Al Aksa meskita" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%DB%8C" title="مسجدالاقصی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسجدالاقصی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosqu%C3%A9e_al-Aqsa" title="Mosquée al-Aqsa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mosquée al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aksamoskee" title="Al-Aksamoskee – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Al-Aksamoskee" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesquita_de_Al-Aqsa" title="Mesquita de Al-Aqsa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mesquita de Al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EC%95%84%ED%81%AC%EC%82%AC_%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC" title="알아크사 모스크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알아크사 모스크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masallacin_%C6%98udus" title="Masallacin Ƙudus – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Masallacin Ƙudus" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC-%D4%B1%D5%AF%D5%BD%D5%A1_%D5%B4%D5%A6%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%A9" title="Ալ-Ակսա մզկիթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալ-Ակսա մզկիթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6" title="अल-अक्सा मस्जिद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल-अक्सा मस्जिद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aksa" title="Al-Aksa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Al-Aksa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskeo_Al-Aksa" title="Moskeo Al-Aksa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Moskeo Al-Aksa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jami%27_al-Aqsha" title="Al-Jami' al-Aqsha – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Al-Jami' al-Aqsha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moschea_al-Aqsa" title="Moschea al-Aqsa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Moschea al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%92%D7%93_%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%90" title="מסגד אל-אקצא – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסגד אל-אקצא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masjidil_Aksa" title="Masjidil Aksa – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Masjidil Aksa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D3%99%D0%BB-%D0%90%D2%9B%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Масжид әл-Ақса – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Масжид әл-Ақса" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umusigiti_wa_Al-Aqsa" title="Umusigiti wa Al-Aqsa – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Umusigiti wa Al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesc%C3%AEda_Eqsa" title="Mescîda Eqsa – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mescîda Eqsa" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksas_mo%C5%A1eja" title="Aksas mošeja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aksas mošeja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Aksos_me%C4%8Det%C4%97" title="Al Aksos mečetė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Al Aksos mečetė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aksza-mecset" title="Al-Aksza-mecset – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Al-Aksza-mecset" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Акса – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Акса" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8" title="മസ്ജിദുൽ അഖ്സ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മസ്ജിദുൽ അഖ്സ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%87,_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86)" title="المسجد الاقصى (القدس القديمه, دولة فلسطين) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المسجد الاقصى (القدس القديمه, دولة فلسطين)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%DB%8C" title="مسجد الاقصی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مسجد الاقصی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musala_al-Qibli" title="Musala al-Qibli – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Musala al-Qibli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsamoskee" title="Al-Aqsamoskee – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Al-Aqsamoskee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF" title="アル＝アクサー・モスク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アル＝アクサー・モスク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8C%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Аль Акъса маьждиг – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Аль Акъса маьждиг" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa-moskeen" title="Al-Aqsa-moskeen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Al-Aqsa-moskeen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Masjid_al-Aqso" title="Al-Masjid al-Aqso – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Al-Masjid al-Aqso" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A6" title="ਅਕਸੀ ਮਸਜਿਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਕਸੀ ਮਸਜਿਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%DB%8C%D9%B0" title="مسجد اقصیٰ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مسجد اقصیٰ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="الاقصی جومات – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="الاقصی جومات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meczet_Al-Aksa_w_Jerozolimie" title="Meczet Al-Aksa w Jerozolimie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Meczet Al-Aksa w Jerozolimie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesquita_de_Al-Aqsa" title="Mesquita de Al-Aqsa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mesquita de Al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscheea_Al-Aqsa" title="Moscheea Al-Aqsa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Moscheea Al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Аль-Акса – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аль-Акса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Al-Aqsa Mosque" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesxhidi_Aksa" title="Mesxhidi Aksa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mesxhidi Aksa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Al-Aqsa Mosque" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%90%D8%A8%D9%92%D9%84%D9%8A" title="الجامع القِبْلي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="الجامع القِبْلي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%A1ita_al-Aks%C3%A1" title="Mešita al-Aksá – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mešita al-Aksá" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aksa" title="Al-Aksa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Al-Aksa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="مزگەوتی ئەقسا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مزگەوتی ئەقسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Ел Акса – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ел Акса" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Aksa" title="Al Aksa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Al Aksa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masjidilaqsa" title="Masjidilaqsa – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Masjidilaqsa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsamosk%C3%A9n" title="Al-Aqsamoskén – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Al-Aqsamoskén" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="அல் அக்சா பள்ளிவாசல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அல் அக்சா பள்ளிவாசல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamesgida_n_el-Aq%E1%B9%A3a" title="Tamesgida n el-Aqṣa – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tamesgida n el-Aqṣa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%BB-%D3%98%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Әл-Әкъса мәчете – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Әл-Әкъса мәчете" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D" title="అల్ అక్సా మస్జిద్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అల్ అక్సా మస్జిద్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD" title="มัสยิดอัลอักศอ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มัสยิดอัลอักศอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Масҷидулақсо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Масҷидулақсо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mescid-i_Aksa_Camii" title="Mescid-i Aksa Camii – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mescid-i Aksa Camii" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_metjidi" title="Al-Aqsa metjidi – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Al-Aqsa metjidi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Мечеть аль-Акса – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мечеть аль-Акса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%B0%DB%8C" title="مسجد اقصٰی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مسجد اقصٰی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%89%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="مەسجىدى ئەقسا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەسجىدى ئەقسا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_th%E1%BB%9D_H%E1%BB%93i_gi%C3%A1o_Al-Aqsa" title="Nhà thờ Hồi giáo Al-Aqsa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà thờ Hồi giáo Al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moske_Al-Aqsa" title="Moske Al-Aqsa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Moske Al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="阿克萨清真寺 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿克萨清真寺" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%96%A9%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="阿克薩清真寺 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿克薩清真寺" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mescida_Eqsa" title="Mescida Eqsa – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mescida Eqsa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="阿克萨清真寺 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿克萨清真寺" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 February 2025, at 14:37 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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