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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Millennial_telenovela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Millennial_telenovela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Millennial telenovela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Millennial_telenovela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_producers_of_telenovelas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_producers_of_telenovelas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Major producers of telenovelas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_producers_of_telenovelas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telenovelas_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telenovelas_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Telenovelas by country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Telenovelas_by_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Telenovelas by country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Telenovelas_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Argentina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Arab world</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolivia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolivia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Bolivia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolivia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Chile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colombia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colombia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Colombia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Croatia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dominican_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dominican_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Dominican Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dominican_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.12</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.13</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.14</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.15</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.16</span> <span>Peru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.17</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.18</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.19</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.20</span> <span>Serbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.21</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.22</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.23</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.24</span> <span>Thailand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.25</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.26</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uruguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.27</span> <span>Uruguay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.28</span> <span>Venezuela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venezuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_soap_operas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_soap_operas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Comparison with soap operas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_soap_operas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Telenovela</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7" title="تيلينوفيلا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيلينوفيلا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembiasagua%27u_ta%27angambyr%C3%BDgui" title="Tembiasagua'u ta'angambyrýgui – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tembiasagua'u ta'angambyrýgui" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovella" title="Telenovella – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Telenovella" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Теленовела – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Теленовела" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovel%C2%B7la" title="Telenovel·la – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Telenovel·la" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Τηλενουβέλα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τηλενουβέλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovelo" title="Telenovelo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Telenovelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenobela" title="Telenobela – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Telenobela" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="تله‌نوولا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تله‌نوولا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EB%9D%BC" title="텔레노벨라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="텔레노벨라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ტელენოველა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტელენოველა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovele" title="Telenovele – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Telenovele" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telereg%C3%A9ny" title="Teleregény – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Teleregény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Теленовела – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Теленовела" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8E%E3%83%99%E3%83%A9" title="テレノベラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テレノベラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenowela" title="Telenowela – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Telenowela" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovel%C4%83" title="Telenovelă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Telenovelă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Теленовелла – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теленовелла" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Теленовелла – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Теленовелла" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Теленовела – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Теленовела" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Telenovela" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA_(%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2)" title="電視小說 (拉丁美洲) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="電視小說 (拉丁美洲)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23745#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Telenovel_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Telenovel (disambiguation)">Telenovel</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sua_Vida_Me_Pertence_1951.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/Sua_Vida_Me_Pertence_1951.jpg/250px-Sua_Vida_Me_Pertence_1951.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/Sua_Vida_Me_Pertence_1951.jpg/375px-Sua_Vida_Me_Pertence_1951.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a5/Sua_Vida_Me_Pertence_1951.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="255" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vida_Alves" title="Vida Alves">Vida Alves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Forster_(actor)" title="Walter Forster (actor)">Walter Forster</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/Sua_Vida_Me_Pertence" title="Sua Vida Me Pertence">Sua Vida Me Pertence</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Rede_Tupi" title="Rede Tupi">Rede Tupi</a>, Brazil, 1951), the first telenovela in television history</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>telenovela</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a type of a television <a href="/wiki/Serial_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial drama">serial drama</a> or <a href="/wiki/Soap_opera" title="Soap opera">soap opera</a> produced primarily in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Power_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Power-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word combines <i>tele</i> (for "television")<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>novela</i> (meaning "novel").<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar <a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">drama</a> genres around the world include <i><a href="/wiki/Turkish_television_drama" title="Turkish television drama">dizi</a></i> (Turkey), <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_television_drama" title="Indian television drama">serial</a></i> (India), <i><a href="/wiki/Teleserye" class="mw-redirect" title="Teleserye">teleserye</a></i> (Philippines), <i><a href="/wiki/Lakorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakorn">lakorn</a></i> (Thailand), <i>teleromanzo</i> (Italy), <i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9roman" title="Téléroman">téléroman</a></i> (Canada, specifically <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Korean_drama" title="Korean drama">K-drama</a></i> (South Korea), <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_television_drama" title="Japanese television drama">J-drama</a></i> (Japan), <i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_television_drama" title="Chinese television drama">C-drama</a></i> (China) and <i><a href="/wiki/Sinetron" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinetron">sinetron</a></i> (Indonesia). </p><p>Commonly described using the American colloquialism <b>Spanish soap opera</b>, many telenovelas share some stylistic and thematic similarities to the soap opera familiar to the English-speaking world. The significant difference is their series run length; telenovelas tell one self-contained story, typically within the span of a year or less whereas soap operas tend to have intertwined storylines told during indefinite, continuing runs.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This makes them shorter than most other <a href="/wiki/Television_serial" class="mw-redirect" title="Television serial">television series</a>, but still much longer than a <a href="/wiki/Miniseries" title="Miniseries">miniseries</a>. This planned run results in a faster-paced, more concise style of melodrama compared to a typical soap opera.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Episodes of telenovelas usually last between 30 and 45 minutes, and rarely more than an hour, except for <a href="/wiki/Series_finale" title="Series finale">final episodes</a>. The telenovela combines drama with the 19th century <i><a href="/wiki/Feuilleton" title="Feuilleton">feuilleton</a></i> and the Latin American <a href="/wiki/Radionovela" title="Radionovela">radionovela</a>. The medium has been used frequently in various countries to transmit sociocultural messages by incorporating them into storylines.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1950s, Brazil became one of the first countries to produce novelas with high budgets and aimed both to the national and international markets. Mexico soon followed, and by the 1970s and 1980s the country started to engage more profusely in using telenovelas to shape behavior. This was particularly successful in introducing the idea of family planning. The 1990s played a key role in the international export of telenovelas, thus the so-called 'Telenovela Craze' that spread in many regions in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2018, some signs of fading popularity had emerged.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> is considered the pioneer of the telenovela genre. In 1951 Brazil produced <i><a href="/wiki/Sua_vida_me_pertence" class="mw-redirect" title="Sua vida me pertence">Sua vida me pertence</a></i> ("Your Life Belongs to Me"), the first telenovela in the world. In 1952 <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> released <i>Senderos de amor</i> ("Paths of Love") and Mexico released <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngeles_de_la_calle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ángeles de la calle">Ángeles de la calle</a></i> ("Angels of the Street"), shown once a week. Between 1957 and 1958 Mexico produced its first drama serial in the modern telenovela format of Monday to Friday slots, <i><a href="/wiki/Senda_prohibida" title="Senda prohibida">Senda prohibida</a></i> ("Forbidden Path"), written by <a href="/wiki/Fernanda_Villeli" title="Fernanda Villeli">Fernanda Villeli</a>. The first global telenovela was <i><a href="/wiki/Los_ricos_tambi%C3%A9n_lloran" title="Los ricos también lloran">Los ricos también lloran</a></i> ("The Rich Also Cry", Mexico, 1979), which was exported to Russia, China, the United States and other countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genres">Genres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Genres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Telenovelas tend to fall within these seven categories: </p> <ul><li><b>Working-class melodrama</b>, which is the most popular to date, easy to understand and contains less explicit content. This is heavily reliant of the common rags-to-riches plot, typically featuring a poor woman who falls in love with a rich man whose family spurns her, such as the <i>Las Tres Marias</i> ("Maria Trilogy", <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Mercedes_(Mexican_TV_series)" title="María Mercedes (Mexican TV series)">1992</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marimar_(Mexican_TV_series)" title="Marimar (Mexican TV series)">1994</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_la_del_Barrio" title="María la del Barrio">1995</a>).</li> <li><b>Historical romance</b> is set in the past, such as the colonial period (<i>Martín Garatuza</i>, 1986), the restoration of the Republic (<i><a href="/wiki/El_carruaje" title="El carruaje">El carruaje</a></i> "The Carriage", 1972), the late 19th Century (<i><a href="/wiki/El_vuelo_del_%C3%A1guila" title="El vuelo del águila">El vuelo del águila</a></i> "The Flight of The Eagle", 1994) the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Bodas_de_odio" title="Bodas de odio">Bodas de odio</a></i> "Weddings of Hate", 1982), the <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Brazil" title="Independence of Brazil">Independence of Brazil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Novo_Mundo_(TV_series)" title="Novo Mundo (TV series)">Novo Mundo</a> "New World", 2017)<sup id="cite_ref-:5_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Second Imperial Period (<a href="/wiki/Nos_Tempos_do_Imperador" title="Nos Tempos do Imperador">Nos tempos do Imperador</a>, "In the age of Emperor" 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-:5_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 20th-century military dictatorships (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Anos_Rebeldes" title="Anos Rebeldes">Anos Rebeldes</a></i> "Rebellious Years", 1992).</li> <li><b>Teen drama</b>, which portrays the lives of high school teenagers and their issues with sex, drugs and other coming-of-age topics. This genre started with <i><a href="/wiki/Quincea%C3%B1era_(1987_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinceañera (1987 TV series)">Quinceañera</a></i> in 1987.</li> <li><b>Mystery/thriller</b> is a category of telenovela that is more cold-hearted than the other subgenres. It may portray a mysterious death or disappearance, which may tear couples, even families apart, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Cuna_de_lobos" title="Cuna de lobos">Cuna de Lobos</a></i> ("Wolves Crib"), <i><a href="/wiki/La_casa_al_final_de_la_calle" title="La casa al final de la calle">La Casa al Final de la Calle</a></i> ("The House at the Street End"), <i><a href="/wiki/La_mujer_de_Judas" title="La mujer de Judas">La Mujer de Judas</a></i> ("The Woman of Judas"), <i><a href="/wiki/%C2%BFD%C3%B3nde_est%C3%A1_Elisa%3F_(Chilean_TV_series)" title="¿Dónde está Elisa? (Chilean TV series)">¿Dónde está Elisa?</a></i> ("Where's Elisa?"), <i><a href="/wiki/El_rostro_de_la_venganza" title="El rostro de la venganza">El Rostro de la Venganza</a></i> ("The Face of Revenge") or <i><a href="/wiki/La_casa_de_al_lado" title="La casa de al lado">La Casa de al Lado</a></i> ("The House Next Door"). Chile has produced this genre.</li> <li><b>Horror</b> is a subgenre of telenovelas that is rarer than the rest, it can deal with anything of the <a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">horror</a> genre, but the majority of these telenovelas deal with the themes of the <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> like <a href="/wiki/Demons" class="mw-redirect" title="Demons">demons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghosts" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghosts">ghosts</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occult</a>. It is one of the few subgenres that use special effects. It always portrays the main protagonist trying to find out the truth while at the same time confronting frightening events and the main antagonist which is always a witch or a warlock, demon, evil or vengeful ghost, or the devil itself such as <a href="/wiki/El_maleficio" title="El maleficio">El maleficio</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Extra%C3%B1o_Retorno_de_Diana_Salazar" class="mw-redirect" title="El Extraño Retorno de Diana Salazar">El Extraño Retorno de Diana Salazar</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_pose%C3%ADda" title="La poseída">La Poseída</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_chacala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La chacala (page does not exist)">La chacala</a>.</li> <li><b>Romantic comedy</b>, which portrays love stories with some or much comedy such as <i><a href="/wiki/Las_tontas_no_van_al_cielo" title="Las tontas no van al cielo">Las tontas no van al cielo</a></i> ("Fools Don't Go to Heaven") or <i><a href="/wiki/Yo_soy_Betty,_la_fea" title="Yo soy Betty, la fea">Yo soy Betty, la fea</a></i> ("Ugly Betty"), the most successful telenovela in history.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Pop band story</b> portrays the lives of aspiring popstars such as in <i><a href="/wiki/Alcanzar_una_estrella" title="Alcanzar una estrella">Alcanzar una estrella</a></i> ("Reaching a Star", 1990) and its sequel <i><a href="/wiki/Alcanzar_una_estrella_II" title="Alcanzar una estrella II">Alcanzar una estrella II</a></i> (1991), as well as <i><a href="/wiki/Rebelde" title="Rebelde">Rebelde</a></i> ("Rebel",2004), which spawned a multi-platinum pop group, <a href="/wiki/RBD" title="RBD">RBD</a>. Some, though not all, of these type of telenovelas are geared towards a teenage and/or pre-teen audience.</li> <li><b>Drug smuggling</b> telenovelas have become frequently produced in recent times. <a href="/wiki/La_Reina_del_Sur_(TV_series)" title="La Reina del Sur (TV series)">La Reina del Sur</a> ("The Queen of South"), <a href="/wiki/El_cartel_(TV_series)" title="El cartel (TV series)">El Cartel</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Escobar:_El_Patr%C3%B3n_del_Mal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal">Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal</a> ("Pablo Escobar: The Drug Lorder").</li> <li><b>Sci-fi</b> is not a common topic of telenovelas, but some productions have tried to introduce this theme to the telenovela genre. Examples: <a href="/wiki/O_Clone" title="O Clone">O Clone</a> ("The Clone"), <a href="/wiki/Aurora_(telenovela)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora (telenovela)">Aurora</a>, <a href="/wiki/O_Tempo_N%C3%A3o_Para" title="O Tempo Não Para">O Tempo não para</a> (English title: "Crashing Into the Future"), <a href="/wiki/Casi_%C3%A1ngeles" title="Casi ángeles">Casi Ángeles</a> ("<i>Almost Angels"</i>) and <a href="/wiki/El_Rostro_de_Anal%C3%ADa" title="El Rostro de Analía">El rostro de Analía</a> ("The Face of Analía").</li> <li><b>Political</b> telenovelas are not so common. <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">Politics</a> is not usually the central theme in telenovelas, due to strong <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censorship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> (See <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Mexico" title="Censorship in Mexico">Censorship in Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Venezuela" title="Censorship in Venezuela">Censorship in Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Brazil" title="Censorship in Brazil">Censorship in Brazil</a>). However, there are some exceptions to telenovelas with a strong political approach like <a href="/wiki/Por_estas_calles" title="Por estas calles">Por Estas Calles</a> ("On These Streets"), <a href="/wiki/La_candidata" title="La candidata">La Candidata</a> ("The Candidate"), <a href="/wiki/O_Bem-Amado" title="O Bem-Amado">O Bem Amado</a> ("The Beloved"), <a href="/wiki/Primera_dama_(Chilean_TV_series)" title="Primera dama (Chilean TV series)">Primera Dama</a> ("First Lady") and <a href="/wiki/La_Mujer_del_Presidente" title="La Mujer del Presidente">La Mujer del Presidente</a> ("The wife of the president"). The telenovelas <a href="/wiki/A_calz%C3%B3n_quita%27o" title="A calzón quita'o">A Calzón Quitado</a> (English title: "The Naked Truth") and <a href="/wiki/Cosita_rica" title="Cosita rica">Cosita rica</a> ("Wonderful Thing") indirectly portrays (in a satirical way) the Ex Venezuelan President <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a>, with the characters of "Pedro Elías Ferrer" and "Olegario Pérez", both played by the actor <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Cruz_(actor)" title="Carlos Cruz (actor)">Carlos Cruz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Besides these, another category of series that has become popular in recent years is the <b>youth telenovela</b>, which borrows some elements of the teen drama format but is usually more family-oriented in structure, contains comedic elements and sometimes maintains a <a href="/wiki/High_concept" title="High concept">high concept</a> or <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> plotline (such as <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=11:11:_En_mi_cuadra,_nada_cuadra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11:11: En mi cuadra, nada cuadra (page does not exist)">11:11: En mi cuadra, nada cuadra</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Chica_vampiro" title="Chica vampiro">Chica vampiro</a></i>). </p><p>Telenovelas have geographically diverged into two major groups – the Latinovelas, and the Asianovelas, portmanteaus of <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and Asian with <i>novelas</i>. Telenovelas, in particular, are the most popular non-English-speaking scripted forms of entertainment in the world to date. </p><p>Novelas made in Spain and the Spanish-speaking Americas are widely popular in Spanish-speaking countries and communities. </p><p>Novelas made in Portugal and Brazil are highly popular in Lusophone countries, with Angolan novelas also making their way recently. </p><p>Some novelas also have a huge following in Europe's Mediterranean and eastern countries, as well as in Asia and Oceania. Latinovelas are primarily responsible for the telenovela trend in regions outside of Latin America, which is known as the biggest producer of telenovelas up until the early 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Millennial_telenovela">Millennial telenovela</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Millennial telenovela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2010s, the terms "millennial telenovela" and "modern telenovela" have been coined to describe an emerging genre related to the telenovela. Based in the same culture, the target audience is much younger (the <a href="/wiki/Millennials" title="Millennials">millennials</a>); the typical storylines and melodrama were recreated to better appeal to this demographic.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commenters have written that a millennial telenovela will contain many of the following themes: it fits into contemporary politics and culture;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has positive representations of LGBT+ people when present;<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> features themes of female empowerment and the sexualization of the male body;<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> involves use of social media;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> presents characters of moral ambiguity rather than in black and white, and with more complexity;<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contains intentionally comedic moments;<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is centered on an unconventional family.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though the term "millennial telenovela" was first used in 2016 when <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a> co-produced a short series to cater for the emerging Latin American millennial market,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it became more widely used in 2018 after the success of the <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> <a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">black comedy</a> <a href="/wiki/The_House_of_Flowers_(TV_series)" title="The House of Flowers (TV series)"><i>The House of Flowers</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The development of the genre may be a response to a controversial market practice of importing telenovelas to US channels, with a <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a> and <a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">Televisa</a> deal having to be renegotiated when traditional telenovelas fell in popularity around 2016; at this point, the majority of Hispanic people in the US were millennials, and "drawn to edgier and more fast-paced programs than traditional telenovelas." Though Univision did not start making its own hybrid shows, they began investing in online and multimedia programming, and bought into Netflix's original Mexican programming.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Series described as millennial telenovelas</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jane_the_Virgin" title="Jane the Virgin">Jane the Virgin</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Much Ado About Nada<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AD_(%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84)" class="extiw" title="ar:الآنسة فرح (مسلسل)">Miss Farah</a></i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الآنسة فرح</span></span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_House_of_Flowers_(TV_series)" title="The House of Flowers (TV series)">The House of Flowers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luis_Miguel:_The_Series" title="Luis Miguel: The Series">Luis Miguel: The Series</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telenovela_(TV_series)" title="Telenovela (TV series)">Telenovela (TV series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_Betty" title="Ugly Betty">Ugly Betty</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_producers_of_telenovelas">Major producers of telenovelas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Major producers of telenovelas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the world's major producers of telenovelas include the following:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>North America <ul><li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Ici Radio-Canada Télé">Ici Radio-Canada Télé</a>), <a href="/wiki/TVA_(Canadian_TV_network)" title="TVA (Canadian TV network)">TVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noovo" title="Noovo">Noovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/TFO" title="TFO">TFO</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Latin America <ul><li>Argentina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telefe" title="Telefe">Telefe</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Trece" title="El Trece">El Trece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pol-Ka" class="mw-redirect" title="Pol-Ka">Pol-Ka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Underground_Producciones" title="Underground Producciones">Underground Producciones</a></li></ul></li> <li>Brazil <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rede_Globo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rede Globo">Globo</a>, <a href="/wiki/RecordTV" class="mw-redirect" title="RecordTV">RecordTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Brasileiro_de_Televis%C3%A3o" title="Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão">SBT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rede_Bandeirantes" title="Rede Bandeirantes">Band</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rede_Manchete" title="Rede Manchete">Manchete</a> (defunct), <a href="/wiki/Rede_Tupi" title="Rede Tupi">Tupi</a> (defunct) and <a href="/wiki/Rede_Excelsior" class="mw-redirect" title="Rede Excelsior">Excelsior</a> (defunct)</li></ul></li> <li>Chile <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Televisión Nacional de Chile">TVN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canal_13_(Chilean_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal 13 (Chilean TV channel)">Canal 13</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mega_(Chilean_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mega (Chilean TV channel)">Mega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chilevisi%C3%B3n" title="Chilevisión">Chilevisión</a></li></ul></li> <li>Colombia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caracol_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Caracol Televisión">Caracol</a>, <a href="/wiki/RTI_Producciones" title="RTI Producciones">RTI</a>, <a href="/wiki/RCN_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="RCN Televisión">RCN</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ecuador <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecuavisa" title="Ecuavisa">Ecuavisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/TC_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="TC Televisión">TC Televisión</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">Televisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_Azteca" title="TV Azteca">TV Azteca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argos_Comunicaci%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Argos Comunicación">Argos Comunicación</a></li></ul></li> <li>Peru <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="América Televisión">América Televisión</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andina_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Andina de Televisión">ATV</a>, Inka Visión</li></ul></li> <li>United States (Puerto Rico) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WAPA-TV" title="WAPA-TV">WAPA-TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/WKAQ-TV" title="WKAQ-TV">WKAQ-TV</a></li></ul></li> <li>Venezuela <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venevisi%C3%B3n" title="Venevisión">Venevisión</a>, <a href="/wiki/RCTV" title="RCTV">RCTV</a> (defunct), Marte TV, <a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">VTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Televen" title="Televen">Televen</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecinco" title="Telecinco">Telecinco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antena_3_(Spanish_TV_channel)" title="Antena 3 (Spanish TV channel)">Antena 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/EITB" title="EITB">EITB</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>), <a href="/wiki/TV3_(Catalonia)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV3 (Catalonia)">TV3</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan Language">Catalan</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Televis%C3%A3o_Independente" title="Televisão Independente">TVI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sociedade_Independente_de_Comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Sociedade Independente de Comunicação">SIC</a></li></ul></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)" title="ARD (broadcaster)">ARD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Das_Erste" title="Das Erste">Das Erste</a>), <a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a>, <a href="/wiki/ProSieben" title="ProSieben">ProSieben</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sat.1" title="Sat.1">Sat.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/RTL_(German_TV_channel)" title="RTL (German TV channel)">RTL</a></li></ul></li> <li>Croatia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_radiotelevizija" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrvatska radiotelevizija">HRT</a>, <a href="/wiki/RTL_(Croatian_TV_channel)" title="RTL (Croatian TV channel)">RTL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_TV_(Croatia)" title="Nova TV (Croatia)">Nova TV</a></li></ul></li> <li>Serbia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Serbia" title="Radio Television of Serbia">RTS</a>, <a href="/wiki/RTV_BK_Telecom" title="RTV BK Telecom">BK TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prva_Srpska_Televizija" title="Prva Srpska Televizija">Prva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pink_(Serbia)" title="Pink (Serbia)">Pink</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel One Russia">Channel One Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/STS_(TV_channel)" title="STS (TV channel)">STS</a>, <a href="/wiki/NTV_(Russia)" title="NTV (Russia)">NTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/VGTRK" class="mw-redirect" title="VGTRK">VGTRK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peretz_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Peretz (Russian TV channel)">Peretz</a>, <a href="/wiki/TNT_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="TNT (Russian TV channel)">TNT</a>, <a href="/wiki/REN_TV" title="REN TV">REN TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV-3_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV-3 (Russia)">TV-3</a></li></ul></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Channel_(Georgian_TV_channel)" title="First Channel (Georgian TV channel)">1TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imedi_Media_Holding" title="Imedi Media Holding">Imedi TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rustavi_2" title="Rustavi 2">Rustavi 2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=GDS_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GDS TV (page does not exist)">GDS TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_Pirveli" class="mw-redirect" title="TV Pirveli">TV Pirveli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mtavari_Arkhi" title="Mtavari Arkhi">Mtavari TV</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Formula_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formula TV (page does not exist)">Formula TV</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjara_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adjara TV (page does not exist)">Adjara TV</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Middle East and North Africa <ul><li>Arab world <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MBC_4" title="MBC 4">MBC4</a> (defunct)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Asia <ul><li>Philippines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN" title="ABS-CBN">ABS-CBN</a>, <a href="/wiki/GMA_Network" title="GMA Network">GMA</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV5_(Philippine_TV_network)" title="TV5 (Philippine TV network)">TV5</a></li></ul></li> <li>East Timor <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio-Televis%C3%A3o_Timor_Leste" title="Radio-Televisão Timor Leste">RTTL</a></li></ul></li> <li>Turkey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Turkish Radio and Television Corporation">TRT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanal_D" title="Kanal D">Kanal D</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATV_(Turkish_TV_channel)" title="ATV (Turkish TV channel)">Star TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATV_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="ATV (Turkey)">ATV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Show_TV" title="Show TV">Show TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/NOW_(Turkish_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="NOW (Turkish TV channel)">NOW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanal_7" title="Kanal 7">Kanal 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV8_(Turkish_TV_channel)" title="TV8 (Turkish TV channel)">TV8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samanyolu_TV" title="Samanyolu TV">Samanyolu TV</a> (defunct)</li></ul></li> <li>South Korea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">KBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System" title="Seoul Broadcasting System">SBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/TVN_(South_Korean_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="TVN (South Korean TV channel)">tvN</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCN_(TV_channel)" title="OCN (TV channel)">OCN</a>, <a href="/wiki/JTBC" title="JTBC">JTBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Channel_A_(TV_channel)" title="Channel A (TV channel)">Channel A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maeil_Broadcasting_Network" title="Maeil Broadcasting Network">MBN</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_Chosun" title="TV Chosun">TV Chosun</a>, <a href="/wiki/ENA_(South_Korean_TV_channel)" title="ENA (South Korean TV channel)">ENA</a></li></ul></li> <li>Thailand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_3_(Thailand)" title="Channel 3 (Thailand)">Channel 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Channel_7_(Thai_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 7 (Thai TV channel)">Channel 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Channel_8_(Thai_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 8 (Thai TV channel)">Channel 8</a>, <a href="/wiki/One_31" title="One 31">One 31</a>, <a href="/wiki/GMM_25" title="GMM 25">GMM 25</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hum_TV" title="Hum TV">Hum TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geo_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Geo TV">Geo TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geo_Entertainment" title="Geo Entertainment">Geo Entertainment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Television_Corporation" title="Pakistan Television Corporation">PTV</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zee_TV" title="Zee TV">Zee TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/%26TV" title="&TV">&TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zee_Bangla" title="Zee Bangla">Zee Bangla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zee_Punjabi" title="Zee Punjabi">Zee Punjabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zee_Telugu" title="Zee Telugu">Zee Telugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zee_Kannada" title="Zee Kannada">Zee Kannada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zee_Tamil" title="Zee Tamil">Zee Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/ZEE5" title="ZEE5">ZEE5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zindagi_(TV_channel)" title="Zindagi (TV channel)">Zindagi</a> <a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Television" title="Sony Entertainment Television">Sony Entertainment Television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony_SAB" title="Sony SAB">Sony SAB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colors_TV" title="Colors TV">Colors TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colors_Bangla" title="Colors Bangla">Colors Bangla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colors_Marathi" title="Colors Marathi">Colors Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colors_Tamil" title="Colors Tamil">Colors Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/DD_Metro" title="DD Metro">DD Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/DD_National" title="DD National">DD National</a>, <a href="/wiki/StarPlus" title="StarPlus">StarPlus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hotstar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotstar">Hotstar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Life_OK" title="Life OK">Life OK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_One_(Indian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Star One (Indian TV channel)">Star One</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Vijay" title="Star Vijay">Star Vijay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Bharat" title="Star Bharat">Star Bharat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Jalsha" title="Star Jalsha">Star Jalsha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_TV_(India)" title="Sun TV (India)">Sun TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sahara_One" title="Sahara One">Sahara One</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gemini_TV" title="Gemini TV">Gemini TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imagine_TV" title="Imagine TV">Imagine TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/ALTBalaji" title="ALTBalaji">ALTBalaji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asianet_(TV_channel)" title="Asianet (TV channel)">Asianet</a></li></ul></li> <li>Malaysia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astro_Ria" title="Astro Ria">Astro Ria</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV3_(Malaysian_TV_network)" title="TV3 (Malaysian TV network)">TV3</a>, <a href="/wiki/8TV_(Malaysian_TV_network)" title="8TV (Malaysian TV network)">8TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV9_(Malaysian_TV_network)" title="TV9 (Malaysian TV network)">TV9</a>, <a href="/wiki/NTV7" title="NTV7">NTV7</a></li></ul></li> <li>Singapore <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediacorp" title="Mediacorp">Mediacorp</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RCTI" title="RCTI">RCTI</a>, <a href="/wiki/SCTV_(TV_network)" title="SCTV (TV network)">SCTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indosiar" title="Indosiar">Indosiar</a>, <a href="/wiki/ANTV" title="ANTV">ANTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/MNCTV" title="MNCTV">MNCTV</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Telenovelas_by_country">Telenovelas by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Telenovelas by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Argentine_telenovelas" title="List of Argentine telenovelas">List of Argentine telenovelas</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>'s telenovelas generally focus on melodramatic twists of traditional middle class life, with touches of comedy. Many telenovelas are broadcast by the main television networks, <a href="/wiki/Canal_13_(Argentina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal 13 (Argentina)">Canal 13</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telefe" title="Telefe">Telefe</a>. Oriented mostly to female viewers in the 1960s, their scope moved to more wide audiencies by the early 1990s, and "youth telenovelas", aimed primarily at children and teenagers, are produced since then. Argentine youth telenovelas have become hits in other countries, where they have been <a href="/wiki/Remake#Television" title="Remake">remade</a> or rebroadcast. Some well known youth telenovelas include <i><a href="/wiki/Chiquititas" title="Chiquititas">Chiquititas</a></i> ("Tiny Angels"), <i><a href="/wiki/Rebelde_Way" title="Rebelde Way">Rebelde Way</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Floricienta" title="Floricienta">Floricienta</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Mu%C3%B1eca_Brava" title="Muñeca Brava">Muñeca Brava</a> ("Wild Angel"), <a href="/wiki/Violetta_(telenovela)" class="mw-redirect" title="Violetta (telenovela)">Violetta</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Patito_Feo" title="Patito Feo">Patito Feo</a></i> ("Ugly Duckling"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_world">Arab world</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Arab world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Arab_television_drama" title="Arab television drama">Arab television drama</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>, telenovelas known as <i>musalsal</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مسلسل</span>) are traditionally associated with the Islamic holy month of <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the nightly <i><a href="/wiki/Iftar" title="Iftar">iftar</a>—</i>where Muslims are allowed to break their day-long <a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">fast</a>—coincides with prime time, which results in increased television audiences. Broadcasters traditionally premiere new novelas during Ramadan; they are usually 30 episodes in length, so that they last the duration of the month.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Egypt, new <i>musalsal</i> do not usually premiere outside of Ramadan, with reruns airing over the remainder of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bolivia">Bolivia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bolivia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Red_ATB" title="Red ATB">Red ATB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivisi%C3%B3n" title="Bolivisión">Bolivisión</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unitel_Bolivia" title="Unitel Bolivia">Unitel Bolivia</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, themes of drama, romance, music, natural landscapes, remote situations and adventure are common. Some are based on novels, historical and factual events. Such melodramas produced in Bolivia include <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Las_Tres_Perfectas_Solteras_(TV_series)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Las Tres Perfectas Solteras (TV series) (page does not exist)">Las Tres Perfectas Solteras</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Indira_(TV_series)" title="Indira (TV series)">Indira</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tierra_Adentro_(TV_series)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tierra Adentro (TV series) (page does not exist)">Tierra Adentro</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Virgen_de_las_Siete_Calles_(TV_series)" title="La Virgen de las Siete Calles (TV series)">La Virgen de las 7 calles</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_de_Locos_(TV_series)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna de Locos (TV series) (page does not exist)">Luna de Locos</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tres_de_Nosotras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tres de Nosotras (page does not exist)">Tres de Nosotras</a></i>. The country has made over 15 telenovelas so far, and most of the productions take place in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra">Santa Cruz de la Sierra</a>. The majority of telenovelas shown on domestic television networks are international productions (imported from Brazil, Colombia, Argentina and Mexico). A lot of Bolivian telenovelas are produced by independent producers, since many producers are more dedicated to the country's film industry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_telenovela" title="Brazilian telenovela">Brazilian telenovela</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazilian</a> telenovelas (more often "novelas") are both more realistic and apt to broach controversial subjects. These programs tend to showcase realistic depictions of middle class, working class and upper class individuals in society.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Brazilian productions are the highest-budget telenovelas in South America.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Escrava_Isaura_(1976_TV_series)" title="Escrava Isaura (1976 TV series)">Escrava Isaura</a></i> (1976) was a major hit in South America, the Eastern Bloc, Africa and China.<sup id="cite_ref-iht_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iht-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Novelas</i> usually last six to eight months at most in Brazil. One of the longest-running telenovelas in the country, however, is the teen-oriented <i><a href="/wiki/Malha%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Malhação">Malhação</a></i> (<i>Young Hearts</i>), which had aired from 1995 until 2020; as such, it is commonly classified as a Western-format <a href="/wiki/Soap_opera" title="Soap opera">soap opera</a> instead. </p><p>Brazilian telenovelas often have convoluted subplots involving three or four different settings. Usually, there is a rich setting, a poor setting and one or more settings in which the characters of both settings can interact. There is no clear-cut line between "good" and "evil" characters, with protagonists often displaying weaknesses such as <a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">promiscuity</a>, drinking, <a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">drug abuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stupidity" title="Stupidity">stupidity</a> and excessive ambition, among others. Antagonists equally show positive features or motivations, including abuses suffered in the past, family problems and poverty. It is not uncommon for a villain to attract the sympathy of the public, or even to have their storylines conclude with a satisfactory ending. For instance, in the novela <i><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%ADssima" title="Belíssima">Belíssima</a></i> ("Most Beautiful") in 2006, villainess Bia Falcão (played by <a href="/wiki/Fernanda_Montenegro" title="Fernanda Montenegro">Fernanda Montenegro</a>) escaped a police siege and fled to France, where she settled with a boyfriend, living using <a href="/wiki/Swiss_bank#Banking_privacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss bank">a secret bank account</a> in Switzerland that she had maintained prior. As well as this, it is not uncommon for a hero to be relegated to a secondary role due to an actor's lack of charisma. Besides the convoluted plots, Brazilian telenovelas also approach sensitive social issues and try to present some of the country's actual culture, occasionally in an idealized way.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Another important characteristic of Brazilian telenovelas is that they rely less on individual stars than other South American works. A Brazilian telenovela may have a permanent cast of more than 40 actors, of which some seven or eight are considered "central" to the show. The chief reason for this is that telenovelas are not shot in advance (instead chapters are shot around two weeks before their airdate) so that they can respond to public reaction. Under this scheme, the occasional poor performance of the actor playing the main character may turn the production into a flop, which happened with the 1982 telenovela <i><a href="/wiki/Sol_de_Ver%C3%A3o" title="Sol de Verão">Sol de Verão</a></i> ("Summer Sun") after the death of main star <a href="/wiki/Jardel_Filho" title="Jardel Filho">Jardel Filho</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2016, in <i><a href="/wiki/Velho_Chico" title="Velho Chico">Velho Chico</a></i> ("Old River"), after the death of lead-actor <a href="/wiki/Domingos_Montagner" title="Domingos Montagner">Domingos Montagner</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9roman" title="Téléroman">Téléroman</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Quebec" title="Culture of Quebec">Culture of Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Television of Quebec">Television of Quebec</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Canada" title="Television in Canada">Television in Canada</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, telenovelas are known as <i>téléromans</i> in French and are a part of the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Quebec" title="Culture of Quebec">culture of the Francophone province of Quebec</a>. Nearly all television stations in the country that broadcast in the French language carry téléromans. The first téléroman was <i><a href="/wiki/La_famille_Plouffe" title="La famille Plouffe">La famille Plouffe</a></i> ("The Plouffe Family"), which was broadcast on <a href="/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Ici Radio-Canada Télé">Radio-Canada</a> in the 1950s. </p><p>The téléroman was created during the earliest days of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">television network</a>, when CBC was the only television network in Canada (as per the 1949 <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_National_Development_in_the_Arts,_Letters_and_Sciences" title="Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences">Massey Commission</a>). Whereas theoretically, CBC's main English-language television network could broadcast English-language shows from American stations (and also was forced to compete with U.S. television networks), CBC's Radio-Canada network had to develop its own programmes for <a href="/wiki/French-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French-Canadian">French-Canadian</a> viewers. As a consequence, Francophone television in Canada developed differently from Anglophone television. </p><p>In 2003, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>'s provincial French-language <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public television</a> service, <a href="/wiki/TFO" title="TFO">TFO</a>, began broadcasting the first <a href="/wiki/Franco-Ontarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Ontarian">Franco-Ontarian</a> téléroman, <i><a href="/wiki/Francoeur" title="Francoeur">Francoeur</a></i>. </p><p>Beginning with its <a href="/wiki/Degrassi_(season_10)" class="mw-redirect" title="Degrassi (season 10)">tenth season</a> in 2010, <i><a href="/wiki/Degrassi:_The_Next_Generation" title="Degrassi: The Next Generation">Degrassi: The Next Generation</a></i> was produced and broadcast in a style similar to the telenovelas format. This lasted until episode 21 of the twelfth season in 2012. <i><a href="/wiki/Degrassi:_Next_Class" title="Degrassi: Next Class">Degrassi: Next Class</a></i> also adapts this format for its broadcast on <a href="/wiki/Family_Channel_(Canadian_TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Family Channel (Canadian TV network)">Family Channel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile">Chile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Chile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chilean</a> telenovelas typically focus on both traditional drama and middle-class life, with some touches of comedy. Often, these programs show life outside of <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">the capital</a>, like with the TVN novela <i>Iorana</i> (which took place on <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a>). Telenovelas in the country are usually produced and broadcast by <a href="/wiki/Canal_13_(Chile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal 13 (Chile)">Canal 13</a>, and the public broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Televisión Nacional de Chile">Televisión Nacional de Chile</a> (TVN), which debut their main telenovelas in March each year with a few days between their premiere dates, which have led marketing to a "telenovela war" of sorts. Lately, other Chilean television networks such as <a href="/wiki/Red_Televisiva_Megavisi%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Televisiva Megavisión">Mega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chilevisi%C3%B3n" title="Chilevisión">Chilevisión</a> are joining the so-called "telenovela war". Many of the most successful telenovelas in Chile are set in a historical era such as <i><a href="/wiki/Pampa_Ilusi%C3%B3n" title="Pampa Ilusión">Pampa Ilusión</a></i> (1935), <i><a href="/wiki/El_se%C3%B1or_de_La_Querencia_(2008_TV_series)" title="El señor de La Querencia (2008 TV series)">El señor de La Querencia</a></i> (1920), <i>Los Pincheira</i> (1918), <i><a href="/wiki/Secretos_en_el_jard%C3%ADn" title="Secretos en el jardín">Secretos en el jardín</a></i> (1981) or <i><a href="/wiki/Perdona_nuestros_pecados" title="Perdona nuestros pecados">Perdona nuestros pecados</a></i> (1953–1961). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colombia">Colombia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Colombia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Caracol_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Caracol Televisión">Caracol Televisión</a>, <a href="/wiki/RTI_Producciones" title="RTI Producciones">RTI Producciones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/RCN_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="RCN Televisión">RCN Televisión</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombian</a> telenovelas such as <i><a href="/wiki/Betty_la_fea" class="mw-redirect" title="Betty la fea">Betty la fea</a></i> ("Betty, the ugly one") often focus on comedic storylines. However, some are of a more realistic vein or are adaptations of novels. </p><p>The first Colombian telenovela was <i><a href="/wiki/El_0597_est%C3%A1_ocupado" title="El 0597 está ocupado">El 0597 está ocupado</a></i>, produced in 1959 by the <i><a href="/wiki/Programadora" title="Programadora">programadora</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Producciones_PUNCH" title="Producciones PUNCH">Producciones PUNCH</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From then until the late 1990s arrival of private television in the country, a variety of <i>programadoras</i> produced and aired their own telenovelas, such as those from <a href="/wiki/Colombiana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Colombiana de Televisión">Colombiana de Televisión</a>, <a href="/wiki/TeVecine" title="TeVecine">TeVecine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cenpro_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Cenpro Televisión">Cenpro Televisión</a> (the producer of <i><a href="/wiki/Perro_amor_(Colombian_TV_series)" title="Perro amor (Colombian TV series)">Perro amor</a></i>, which was popular in the late 1990s). </p><p>Telenovelas produced by RTI Colombia and Telemundo are usually shown and produced on Caracol, while <a href="/wiki/Televideo" class="mw-redirect" title="Televideo">Televideo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fox_Telecolombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Telecolombia">Fox Telecolombia</a> produce some of RCN's telenovelas. Caracol and RCN also produce and broadcast their own shows. Currently, four or five Colombian telenovelas are usually broadcast from 6:00 to around 11:00 p.m. on those networks. </p><p>It is notable that many novelas designed and written by Colombians sell outside the country well, as a prime export. Other countries then localize them by creating novelas based on the same story, barely changing names, settings and, more often than not, mixing the cast with Colombian actors to respect ownership/property agreements and copyright laws. One fine example is <i>Betty, la fea</i> (adapted by <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> in the United States as <i><a href="/wiki/Ugly_Betty" title="Ugly Betty">Ugly Betty</a></i>) in which the franchise for the storyline was translated and adapted by over 30 networks around the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatia">Croatia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Croatia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatian</a> telenovela was <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villa_Maria_(TV_series)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villa Maria (TV series) (page does not exist)">Villa Maria</a></i>, made in 2004 by AVA Production. After Villa Maria, AVA made <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ljubav_u_zale%C4%91u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ljubav u zaleđu (page does not exist)">Ljubav u zaleđu</a></i> (2005–2006), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obi%C4%8Dni_ljudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obični ljudi (page does not exist)">Obični ljudi</a></i> (2006–2007), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponos_Ratkajevih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ponos Ratkajevih (page does not exist)">Ponos Ratkajevih</a></i> (2007–2008) and <i><a href="/wiki/Zakon_ljubavi" title="Zakon ljubavi">Zakon ljubavi</a></i> (2008). Telenovelas made by AVA were aired in more than 25 countries. </p><p>With Serbian <a href="/wiki/FOX_Televizija" class="mw-redirect" title="FOX Televizija">FOX Televizija</a>, <a href="/wiki/RTL_Televizija" class="mw-redirect" title="RTL Televizija">RTL Televizija</a> made <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> version of <i><a href="/wiki/Yo_soy_Betty,_la_fea" title="Yo soy Betty, la fea">Yo soy Betty, la fea</a></i> called <i><a href="/wiki/Ne_daj_se,_Nina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ne daj se, Nina">Ne daj se, Nina</a></i> (2007). After that RTL made <i><a href="/wiki/Ru%C5%BEa_vjetrova" title="Ruža vjetrova">Ruža vjetrova</a></i> (2011–2013), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajne (page does not exist)">Tajne</a></i> (2013–2014), <i><a href="/wiki/Vatre_ivanjske" title="Vatre ivanjske">Vatre ivanjske</a></i> (2014–2015) and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prava_%C5%BEena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prava žena (page does not exist)">Prava žena</a></i> (2016–2017). Ring Multimedia production made <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sve_%C4%87e_biti_dobro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sve će biti dobro (page does not exist)">Sve će biti dobro</a></i> (2008–2009), <i><a href="/wiki/Dolina_sunca" title="Dolina sunca">Dolina sunca</a></i> (2009–2010) and <i><a href="/wiki/Pod_sretnom_zvijezdom" title="Pod sretnom zvijezdom">Pod sretnom zvijezdom</a></i> (2011) for <a href="/wiki/Nova_TV_(Croatia)" title="Nova TV (Croatia)">Nova TV</a>. Nova TV itself made some telenovelas too: <i><a href="/wiki/Najbolje_godine" title="Najbolje godine">Najbolje godine</a></i> (2009–2011), <i><a href="/wiki/Larin_izbor" title="Larin izbor">Larin izbor</a></i> (2011–2013), <i><a href="/wiki/Zora_dubrova%C4%8Dka" title="Zora dubrovačka">Zora dubrovačka</a></i> (2013–2014), <i><a href="/wiki/Kud_puklo_da_puklo_(TV_series)" title="Kud puklo da puklo (TV series)">Kud puklo da puklo</a></i> (2014–2016), <i><a href="/wiki/Zlatni_dvori" title="Zlatni dvori">Zlatni dvori</a></i> (2016–2017) and <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cista_ljubav" title="Čista ljubav">Čista ljubav</a></i> (2017–2018). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dominican_Republic">Dominican Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Dominican Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Television networks in the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> have started to produce their own novelas through <a href="/wiki/Venevision" class="mw-redirect" title="Venevision">Venevision</a> International, Iguana Productions and Antena Latina Productions. The first Dominican telenovela, <i>María José, oficios del hogar</i> ("María José, Housewife"), was produced by Venevision and television station Color Visión, which formed the first Dominican telenovela company (now inactive) in 1986. Comedy-drama series such as <i>Catalino el Dichoso</i> and sequel <i>En La Boca de los Tiburones</i> were also considered telenovelas during the early 1990s. The telenovela <i><a href="/wiki/Tropico_(telenovela)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropico (telenovela)">Tropico</a></i> was produced by Venevision International, Iguana Productions, and Antena Latina Productions, in 2007 with mostly Dominican actors and a few from Venezuela and Peru. It aired domestically on Antena Latina 7 and in United States on Univision. There are currently plans for more telenovelas to be filmed and produced in the Dominican Republic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bavaria_Film_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavaria Film Studios">Bavaria Film Studios</a></div> <p>In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> began producing its own telenovelas. All German telenovelas are formatted as melodramatic love stories. With the exception of <i><a href="/wiki/Storm_of_Love" title="Storm of Love">Storm of Love</a></i> ("Sturm der Liebe"), which is produced by <a href="/wiki/Bavaria_Film_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavaria Film Studios">Bavaria Film Studios</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Rote_Rosen" title="Rote Rosen">Rote Rosen</a></i> which is produced by Studio Hamburg Serienwerft, every German telenovela is produced by Grundy UFA. The most successful ones, <i><a href="/wiki/Bianca_%E2%80%93_Wege_zum_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Bianca – Wege zum Glück">Bianca – Wege zum Glück</a></i> ("Bianca: Paths to Happiness"), <i><a href="/wiki/Wege_zum_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Wege zum Glück">Wege zum Glück</a></i> ("Paths to Happiness"), <i><a href="/wiki/Verliebt_in_Berlin" title="Verliebt in Berlin">Verliebt in Berlin</a></i> ("In Love in Berlin"/"In Love with Berlin"), <i>Storm of Love</i> and <i>Rote Rosen</i>, were also syndicated in Italy, France and other European countries; <i>Verliebt in Berlin</i> was also syndicated in Canada. German television channels <a href="/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)" title="ARD (broadcaster)">ARD</a>, <a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sat._1" class="mw-redirect" title="Sat. 1">Sat. 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/ProSieben" title="ProSieben">ProSieben</a> all include telenovelas on their programme schedules. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_television_drama" title="Indian television drama">Indian television drama</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, a similar format exists called the <i><a href="/wiki/Sinetron" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinetron">sinetron</a></i> (a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of <i>sine</i>, short for cinema and <i>tron</i>, from "elec<i>tron</i>ic"), which are essentially soap operas in a <a href="/wiki/Miniseries" title="Miniseries">miniseries</a>-style format. While most English-language soap operas can continue indefinitely, almost all Sinetrons have a predetermined duration, usually running for only five-, six- or seven days a week and in total for more than five months. </p><p>Sinetrons are usually made by production companies such as SinemArt and <a href="/wiki/MD_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="MD Entertainment">MD Entertainment</a>. These programmes are usually broadcast on national television networks during the country's designated primetime period (6.00 to 11.00 pm), often a priority since these programme earn significant ratings, attracting advertisers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, the equivalent of telenovela for a local language drama is <i><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">drama rantaian</i></span></i>. The drama may last for 13 episodes for a weekly drama and more than 15 episodes if broadcast by a daily basis, usually three to five days a week. </p><p>However, since almost all television broadcasters that air domestically produced dramas also air foreign dramas, Malaysian television dramas are less prolific compared to Indonesian, Philippine, South Korean or Turkish dramas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_telenovelas" title="List of Mexican telenovelas">List of Mexican telenovelas</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">Televisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_Azteca" title="TV Azteca">TV Azteca</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Argos_Comunicaci%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Argos Comunicación">Argos Comunicación</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> was one of the first countries in the world to become known for producing telenovelas aimed at shaping <a href="/wiki/Social_behavior" title="Social behavior">social behavior</a> – one issue of which is <a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">family planning</a> during the 1970s. The Mexican model of telenovelas – quick to be replicated by other telenovela-producing countries in Latin America and Asia for most of the 1990s – usually involves a romantic couple that encounters many problems throughout the show's run including a villain. One common ending <a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">archetype</a> consists of a <a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">wedding</a> and the villain dying, going to jail, becoming permanently injured or disabled, or <a href="/wiki/Insanity" title="Insanity">losing their mind</a>. The use of sexually themed episodes starring the leading couple of the story has been a common element through most Mexican (and Latin American) telenovelas. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">Televisa</a> and <a href="/wiki/TV_Azteca" title="TV Azteca">TV Azteca</a> are the largest producers and exporters of Mexican telenovelas. Their main competitor is independent company <a href="/wiki/Argos_Comunicaci%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Argos Comunicación">Argos Comunicación</a>. Telenovelas produced by U.S.-based network Telemundo tend to follow the Mexican model. Previously, telenovelas were often thought to be used as a government tool to distract citizens from national issues, a reason cited for temporary decrease in their credibility and popular appeal. Nowadays, Mexican television has managed to counteract government influence in its telenovelas. In particular, around 1990, Televisa found an enormous market for its telenovelas in regions such as Brazil and parts of Latin America, post-<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> Eastern Europe and Asia. This precipitated the so-called 'Telenovela Craze'. Credited by media experts to Televisa's move in the early 1990s of exporting its telenovelas, it rivalled the wave of <a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Sitcoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitcoms">sitcoms</a> that were broadcast worldwide in the same period. </p><p>During the peak of the global success of Latin American telenovelas in the 1990s and 2000s, several prominent Mexican actors and actresses gained huge following for the telenovelas that they starred in. For example, <a href="/wiki/Ver%C3%B3nica_Castro" title="Verónica Castro">Verónica Castro</a>'s international fame grew when the novela she had starred in many years earlier, <i>Los Ricos Tambien Lloran</i> in 1979, became a major hit in Russia. In the same period, <a href="/wiki/Thal%C3%ADa" title="Thalía">Thalía</a> earned the title as the "Queen of Soap Operas" after starring in the so-called <i>Las Tres Marias</i> or the "Maria Trilogy" telenovelas – <i><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Mercedes_(telenovela)" class="mw-redirect" title="María Mercedes (telenovela)">Maria Mercedes</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Marimar_(Mexican_telenovela)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marimar (Mexican telenovela)">Marimar</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Maria_la_del_Barrio" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria la del Barrio">Maria la del Barrio</a></i> – and <i><a href="/wiki/Rosalinda_(telenovela)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosalinda (telenovela)">Rosalinda</a></i>, converting her into one of the world's foremost television icons, as her telenovelas were broadcast in Mexico and more than 180 other countries to almost 2 billion viewers worldwide, earning the all-time highest television ratings both in Mexico and other regions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Due to the international success of the telenovelas broadcast in and out of Mexico, by the late 1990s, it was claimed that telenovelas were Mexico's leading export product. Many consider the period from 1958 to 2004 to be Televisa's <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_(metaphor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Age (metaphor)">Golden Age</a> of telenovelas. At the same time the Mexican government loosened its control over television. Telenovelas, primarily those produced by Argos Comunicación, consequently addressed new themes, including poverty, <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">political corruption</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">drug smuggling</a>. However, with American drama and comedy series becoming increasingly popular among Mexican audiences through cable or satellite television and unlicensed copying, the television companies opted to adapt stories from Argentina, Colombia and Brazil. These used veteran actors in order to decrease expenses. </p><p>Currently, the most successful telenovelas are being created by Argos and Telemundo and are rebroadcast (or adapted) by the main companies. The most successful one, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Reina_del_Sur_(telenovela)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Reina del Sur (telenovela)">La Reina del Sur</a></i>, based on the book by <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Perez_Reverte" class="mw-redirect" title="Arturo Perez Reverte">Arturo Perez Reverte</a>, is based on the true story of a female drug trafficker in <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa" title="Sinaloa">Sinaloa</a>. Though it was <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censored</a> somewhat due to the <a href="/wiki/Drug_war_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug war in Mexico">Drug War</a> and was broadcast on a low-rated channel, it achieved higher viewership than other programs in the same timeframe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_dramas" title="Pakistani dramas">Pakistani dramas</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peru">Peru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Peru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peruvian</a> telenovelas, like other telenovelas, revolve around the character's personal lives. There are usually slight touches of comedy, drama and suspense. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Fondo_Hay_Sitio" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Fondo Hay Sitio">Al Fondo Hay Sitio</a></i> has become one of the most famous telenovelas of Peru and has been shown around South America in <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Philippine_television_drama" title="Philippine television drama">Philippine television drama</a></div> <p>Domestically produced telenovelas first appeared on <a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Philippines" title="Television in the Philippines">Philippine television</a> in the 1960s, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN" title="ABS-CBN">ABS-CBN</a> program <i><a href="/wiki/Hiwaga_sa_Bahay_na_Bato" title="Hiwaga sa Bahay na Bato">Hiwaga sa Bahay na Bato</a></i>. The format of Philippine telenovelas is almost the same as Spanish and Mexican telenovelas, as they have borrowed many elements including many <a href="/wiki/Clich%C3%A9" title="Cliché">clichés</a>. However, Philippine telenovelas, which portray the reality of Filipino (as well as much of other Asian) societies, have evolved through decades and feature specific characteristics distinct from most of the world's telenovelas. </p><p>The late 1980s and 1990s coincided with the end of <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_the_Philippines" title="Martial law in the Philippines">martial law</a> and the resulting expansion of commercial television networks as the Philippine government loosened controls over the press and media. With the help of <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">simultaneous nationwide programming</a> across the Philippines and the advent of the "telenovela craze" precipitated by Mexican telenovelas broadcast worldwide, previously dominant Filipino sitcoms had been largely replaced by domestically produced drama series airing on primetime television to encourage more competition among networks and reach out to more audiences across the nation. Examples of such classic telenovelas include <i>Flordeluna</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Villa_Quintana" title="Villa Quintana">Villa Quintana</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mara_Clara" title="Mara Clara">Mara Clara</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Esperanza_(Philippine_TV_series)" title="Esperanza (Philippine TV series)">Esperanza</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Valiente_(1992_TV_series)" title="Valiente (1992 TV series)">Valiente</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kung_Mawawala_Ka" title="Kung Mawawala Ka">Kung Mawawala Ka</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mula_sa_Puso" title="Mula sa Puso">Mula sa Puso</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sa_Dulo_ng_Walang_Hanggan" title="Sa Dulo ng Walang Hanggan">Sa Dulo ng Walang Hanggan</a></i>. </p><p>Modern Philippine television dramas are usually termed <i>teleserye</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of the Filipino words "<i>telebisyon</i>" ("television") and "<i>serye</i>" ("series"). The term "teleserye" originated in the 2000s from the ABS-CBN-produced <i><a href="/wiki/Pangako_Sa_%27Yo" title="Pangako Sa 'Yo">Pangako Sa 'Yo</a></i>, dubbed by the Philippine media as the first true teleserye as well as the most widely exported and most watched single Philippine television series abroad. In the 21st century, teleseryes may belong to one or several genres such as fantasy, suspense, action, or comedy, but featured several new variations from the previous Philippine telenovelas of the preceding century. In 1997–2004, the International Channel from comcast aired Telenovelas such as <i>Pangako Sa 'Yo</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Basta%27t_Kasama_Kita" title="Basta't Kasama Kita">Basta't Kasama Kita</a></i>, <i>Mula sa Puso</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Recuerdo_de_Amor" title="Recuerdo de Amor">Recuerdo de Amor</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Saan_Ka_Man_Naroroon" title="Saan Ka Man Naroroon">Saan Ka Man Naroroon</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Flames_(TV_series)" title="Flames (TV series)">Flames</a></i> on its international simulcast. The last series to air on its AZN network were <i><a href="/wiki/Krystala" title="Krystala">Krystala</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Marina_(2004_TV_series)" title="Marina (2004 TV series)">Marina</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_telenovelas" title="List of Portuguese telenovelas">List of Portuguese telenovelas</a></div> <p>The first Portuguese telenovela was <i>Vila Faia</i>, in 1982. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, almost all Portuguese telenovelas were broadcast by <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP</a>. However, since the start of the 21st century, <a href="/wiki/Televis%C3%A3o_Independente" title="Televisão Independente">TVI</a> has emerged as the most prolific broadcaster of Portuguese telenovelas. <i><a href="/wiki/Morangos_com_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar" title="Morangos com Açúcar">Morangos com Açúcar</a></i>, one of its most successful telenovelas, lasted for nine seasons. <a href="/wiki/Sociedade_Independente_de_Comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Sociedade Independente de Comunicação">SIC</a>, which usually imported telenovelas from Brazil's Rede Globo, has also started to produce its own telenovelas. Portuguese telenovelas have since exceeded telenovelas from neighboring Spain in terms of international popularity by the 2010s. In 2010, Portugal won the first Emmy for a Telenovela, with <i><a href="/wiki/Meu_Amor" title="Meu Amor">Meu Amor</a></i> ("My Love"). In 2011, Portugal won its second consecutive International Emmy for a Telenovela with <i><a href="/wiki/La%C3%A7os_de_Sangue" title="Laços de Sangue">Laços de Sangue</a></i> ("Blood Ties"). Portugal also sells telenovelas to <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> and America.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Telenovelas were first introduced to Soviet viewers in 1988, when a stripped-down version of <i>Escrava Isaura</i> (running only 15 episodes) was shown on central television channel. The adaptation of that series was very popular with the Soviet viewers. An even bigger success was <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Ricos_Tambi%C3%A9n_Lloran" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Ricos También Lloran">Los Ricos También Lloran</a></i>, shown shortly afterwards. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russian TV channels commenced broadcasting telenovelas (usually those imported from Brazil) on a regular basis. Today, Latin American telenovelas are usually replaced by Russian-made alternatives.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia">Serbia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Serbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Serbian telenovela was made in 2004 by <a href="/wiki/RTV_BK_Telecom" title="RTV BK Telecom">BK TV</a> and its name is <a href="/wiki/Jelena_(TV_series)" title="Jelena (TV series)">Jelena</a>. After that <a href="/wiki/RTV_Pink" class="mw-redirect" title="RTV Pink">RTV Pink</a> made <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ljubav_i_mr%C5%BEnja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ljubav i mržnja (page does not exist)">Ljubav i mržnja</a> (2007–2008). AVA Film (branch office of Croatian AVA Production) made <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaustavi_vreme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaustavi vreme (page does not exist)">Zaustavi vreme</a> 2008, but it wasn't aired. A Serbian version of <a href="/wiki/Graduados" title="Graduados">Graduados</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istine_i_la%C5%BEi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istine i laži (page does not exist)">Istine i laži</a>, was made by <a href="/wiki/Prva_Srpska_Televizija" title="Prva Srpska Televizija">Prva Srpska Televizija</a> and Smart Media Production. It currently airs on <a href="/wiki/Prva_Srpska_Televizija" title="Prva Srpska Televizija">Prva Srpska Televizija</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first telenovela in South Africa was Inkaba, which was aired on <a href="/wiki/Mzansi_Magic" title="Mzansi Magic">Mzansi Magic</a>. Inkaba was canceled after it flopped to lure in viewers. <a href="/wiki/Isibaya" title="Isibaya">Isibaya</a> was the first ever successful telenovela on the channel of <a href="/wiki/Mzansi_Magic" title="Mzansi Magic">Mzansi Magic</a>. </p><p>The most successful South African telenovela is <a href="/wiki/Uzalo" title="Uzalo">Uzalo</a>. <i>Uzalo</i> has over 10.25 million viewers in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Uzalo</i> tells the story of two families in the township of Kwa-Mashu: the Mdletshe family which plays a significant role in the management of the Kwamashu Kingdom Church and the Xulu family which runs a car theft syndicate. The connection between the families is that their eldest sons were switched at birth during the period when Nelson Mandela was released from prison. Uzalo details the relationships and conflict between members of the two families as part of a complex story. </p><p>Following the trend, other telenovelas started to flood in, with Mzansi Magic holding the monopoly of the genre with shows like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isithembiso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isithembiso (page does not exist)">Isithembiso</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(South_African_TV_series)" title="The Queen (South African TV series)">The Queen</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_River_(South_African_TV_series)" title="The River (South African TV series)">The River</a> among others. Other channels, such as e.tv and SABC, launched productions such as Keeping Score, <a href="/wiki/Giyani:_Land_of_Blood" title="Giyani: Land of Blood">Giyani: Land of Blood</a>, High Rollers, <a href="/wiki/Ashes_to_Ashes_(South_African_TV_series)" title="Ashes to Ashes (South African TV series)">Ashes To Ashes</a>, Gold Diggers and Broken Vows. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Korean_drama" title="Korean drama">Korean drama</a></div> <p>Korean telenovelas are often similar to a soap opera but without a neverending plot and frank sexual content. These dramas typically involve conflicts around dating and marital relationships, money problems, relationships between family members and <a href="/wiki/In-laws" class="mw-redirect" title="In-laws">in-laws</a> (usually between the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law), and often complicated <a href="/wiki/Love_triangle" title="Love triangle">love triangles</a>. The heroine usually falls in love with <a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">the main character</a> who may treat her badly for a while unlike the person who always cares for her. Korean telenovelas tend to run for 100+ episodes (rarely exceeding 200) and air from Monday to Friday. The main broadcasters and producers are <a href="/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">KBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System" title="Seoul Broadcasting System">SBS</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>South Korea became one of the world's largest Asian-based television drama producers at the start of the 21st century. Korean dramas have been exported globally and have contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Wave" title="Korean Wave">Korean Wave</a> phenomenon known as <i><a href="/wiki/Hallyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallyu">Hallyu</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spanish telenovelas are known in the nation as <i>culebrones</i> (Spanish of "long snakes") because of their convoluted plots. Broadcasters of telenovelas in the country are <a href="/wiki/Telecinco" title="Telecinco">Telecinco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antena_3_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antena 3 (Spain)">Antena3</a>, and <a href="/wiki/La_1_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La 1 (Spain)">La 1</a>; there are regional telenovelas produced in <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan languages</a>. They are produced by <a href="/wiki/EITB" title="EITB">EITB</a> (in Basque) and <a href="/wiki/TV3_(Catalonia)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV3 (Catalonia)">TV3</a> (in Catalan). However, Spain is not a producer of telenovelas so much as it is an importer of these programs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Telenovelas have also aided in the formation of a transnational 'Hispanic' identity, as the Venezuelan scholar Daniel Mato has suggested. The appeal of the genre lies in the melodramatic and often simplistic narrative which can be understood and enjoyed by audiences in a wide variety of cultural contexts. Bielby and Harrington have argued that this reverse flow has influenced soap operas in the United States, leading to "genre transformation", especially with daytime soaps.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thailand">Thailand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Thailand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thai_television_soap_opera" title="Thai television soap opera">Thai television soap opera</a></div> <p>Thailand began producing its own telenovelas, also known in <a href="/wiki/Thai_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai television">Thai</a> as <i>Lakorn</i>, in the 1990s at the same time as the Philippines, Turkey and South Korea began exporting their own television dramas as well in parts of Asia. The first Thai soap opera is <i><a href="/wiki/Dao_Pra_Sook" title="Dao Pra Sook">Dao Pra Sook</a></i> internationally in Cambodia, followed by Singapore with <i><a href="/wiki/Nang_Tard" title="Nang Tard">Nang Tard</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Love_Destiny_(TV_series)" title="Love Destiny (TV series)">Love Destiny</a></i> and the Philippines with <i><a href="/wiki/You%27re_My_Destiny_(2017_TV_series)" title="You're My Destiny (2017 TV series)">You're My Destiny</a></i>. Likewise, Thai content have also gained considerable following in the Philippines, with numerous Thai series such as <i><a href="/wiki/2gether_(Thai_TV_series)" title="2gether (Thai TV series)">2gether: The series</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gifted_(Thai_TV_series)" title="The Gifted (Thai TV series)">The Gifted</a></i> regularly topping <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> trends in the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Turkish_television_drama" title="Turkish television drama">Turkish television drama</a></div> <p>Turkey began producing its own telenovelas, also known in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> as <i>televizyon dizileri</i>, in the late 1990s at the same time that as the Philippines and South Korea began exporting their own television dramas as well in parts of the world. The storylines of Turkish dramas are usually based from the country's <a href="/wiki/Turkish_literature" title="Turkish literature">classic novels</a> as well as historical settings (mostly during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> period), and are known to have episodes lasting at least two hours each, much longer than an ordinary telenovela episode. These drama shows, in general, are of miniseries type, typically lasting for less than half a year, and are broadcast either as canned series or simultaneous telecasts in Turkey's key television markets with subtitles in multiple languages depending on the country outside Turkey where it has been aired.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Turkish telenovelas have gained wide popularity and appeal among viewers especially in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central</a>-<a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> due in part to the picturesque cinematography. This exportation of dramas has been cited as one of Turkey's foremost strategies in boosting their popularity in these regions by promoting Turkish culture and tourism. As a result, these make up one of its most economically and culturally important international exports.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>International media experts have cited the 2010s as the biggest turning point of Turkish television production, which shifted to a balance of export of religious shows that were often widely viewed in these predominantly <a href="/wiki/Muslim-majority_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim-majority countries">Muslim-majority countries</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> known to be the most lucrative month of every <a href="/wiki/Arab_television_drama" title="Arab television drama">television season</a> in most Islamic countries for imported Turkish television shows) and secular shows tackling national issues of Turkey and even of the rest of the Islamic world. Some of the most internationally prominent Turkish television dramas include <i><a href="/wiki/Muhte%C5%9Fem_Y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1l" title="Muhteşem Yüzyıl">Muhteşem Yüzyıl</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fatmag%C3%BCl%27%C3%BCn_Su%C3%A7u_Ne%3F" title="Fatmagül'ün Suçu Ne?">Fatmagül'ün Suçu Ne?</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Fk-%C4%B1_Memnu_(2008_TV_series)" title="Aşk-ı Memnu (2008 TV series)">Aşk-ı Memnu</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Binbir_Gece" title="Binbir Gece">Binbir Gece</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dolunay_(TV_series)" title="Dolunay (TV series)">Dolunay</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Erkenci_Ku%C5%9F" title="Erkenci Kuş">Erkenci Kuş</a></i>. The rise of Turkish television drama on the international market attracted worldwide attention during this decade when it began gaining more viewers in Latin America, which is cited as a difficult market for foreign shows to be broadcast as its own produced telenovelas dominate programming there since the 1990s. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic conservatives</a> in many Arab countries, however, condemn these Turkish shows as "vulgar" and "heretical" to Islam, as most of the prominent secular Turkish television series often have political undertones as well as a noticeable trend on emphasis of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_empowerment" title="Women's empowerment">female empowerment</a>, which contrasts with their <a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">patriarchal</a> interpretation of Islam. Nonetheless, Turkish television drama broadcasts reach 1 billion viewers from approximately 100 countries in the world<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, helping it surpass Latin America by the 2010s as the second largest exporter of television series worldwide after the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV_telenovelas" title="MyNetworkTV telenovelas">MyNetworkTV telenovelas</a></div> <p>In the mainland United States, the telenovela concept has been adapted into the English language. The first American telenovela was the soap opera <i><a href="/wiki/Port_Charles" title="Port Charles">Port Charles</a></i> (a spin-off of ABC's long-running soap <i><a href="/wiki/General_Hospital" title="General Hospital">General Hospital</a></i>), which, although starting off as a traditional soap when it debuted in 1997, adopted a 13-week telenovela-style storyline format beginning in 2000 which continued in use until the show's cancellation in 2003. <a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a>, an upstart network launched by <a href="/wiki/News_Corporation_(1980%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="News Corporation (1980–2013)">News Corporation</a> (now owned by <a href="/wiki/Fox_Corporation" title="Fox Corporation">Fox Corporation</a>) in the wake of <a href="/wiki/The_WB" title="The WB">The WB</a>'s merger with <a href="/wiki/UPN" title="UPN">UPN</a> to form <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>, launched on September 5, 2006, with two nightly prime time serials. The inaugural series <i><a href="/wiki/Desire_(TV_series)" title="Desire (TV series)">Desire</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Fashion_House" title="Fashion House">Fashion House</a></i> were moderately successful, however, ratings began to decline. The second pair of telenovelas, <i><a href="/wiki/Wicked_Wicked_Games" title="Wicked Wicked Games">Wicked Wicked Games</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Watch_Over_Me" title="Watch Over Me">Watch Over Me</a></i> had decent ratings but were not as successful as its two predecessors. By the time the third batch of serials, <i><a href="/wiki/American_Heiress" title="American Heiress">American Heiress</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Saints_%26_Sinners_(2007_TV_series)" title="Saints & Sinners (2007 TV series)">Saints and Sinners</a></i> debuted, ratings had declined significantly to where the network scaled back and eventually dropped the novela format by the fall of 2007. in favor of one based on non-scripted and acquired programming. </p><p>In Puerto Rico, the telenovela genre was historically popular and there still is some interest to this day. The serials in days past were usually broadcast on domestic television stations three days a week at 6:30pm, with hour-long telenovelas airing at 7:00 and 9:00 p.m. during prime time. Production of telenovelas in Puerto Rico began in the 1950s with "Ante la ley" in 1955. Successful novelas to have come out of Puerto Rico have included La Mujer de aquella Noche, El Hijo de Angela Maria, El Cuarto Mandamiento, <i>Tomiko</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cristina_Bazan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristina Bazan">Cristina Bazan</a>, El Idolo, <i><a href="/wiki/Yo_Se_Que_Mentia" class="mw-redirect" title="Yo Se Que Mentia">Yo Se Que Mentia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vivir_Para_Ti" title="Vivir Para Ti">Vivir Para Ti</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tanairi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanairi">Tanairi</a></i>, <i>Tres Destinos</i> and many others.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Sully_Diaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Sully Diaz">Sully Diaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivonne_Goderich" title="Ivonne Goderich">Ivonne Goderich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millie_Aviles" title="Millie Aviles">Millie Aviles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giselle_Blondet" title="Giselle Blondet">Giselle Blondet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Von_Marie_Mendez" title="Von Marie Mendez">Von Marie Mendez</a> were generally considered as "the five queens" of Puerto Rican telenovelas.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast, telenovelas adapted into a more conventional, weekly format have been more successful, such as ABC's adaptation of <i>Betty la Fea</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ugly_Betty" title="Ugly Betty">Ugly Betty</a></i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Juana_la_virgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Juana la virgen">Juana la virgen</a></i> adaptation <i><a href="/wiki/Jane_the_Virgin" title="Jane the Virgin">Jane the Virgin</a></i> on The CW. NBC piloted an adaptation of the racy Colombian telenovela <i><a href="/wiki/Sin_tetas_no_hay_para%C3%ADso" title="Sin tetas no hay paraíso">Sin tetas no hay paraíso</a></i> called <i><a href="/wiki/Without_Breasts_There_Is_No_Paradise" title="Without Breasts There Is No Paradise">Without Breasts There Is No Paradise</a></i>, however, it was never picked up to series. </p><p>In 2001, after it was purchased by NBC (which later merged with <a href="/wiki/Vivendi_Universal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivendi Universal">Vivendi Universal</a> to form <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBC Universal</a> in 2003), Telemundo decided to stop importing Latin American telenovelas and produce its own. The network collaborated with RTI Colombia and Argos Comunicación to co-produce its telenovelas, which follow the <a href="#Mexico">Mexican model</a>, though Telemundo is a Puerto Rican firm. In order for its telenovelas to be recognized by the U.S. and Latin American audiences and even Spanish audiences, Telemundo chose to hire established telenovela actors from Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, and other Latin American countries; the network's novelas have since also hired <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">American-born Hispanic</a> actors. Telemundo's first telenovela co-productions were <i><a href="/wiki/Amantes_del_Desierto" class="mw-redirect" title="Amantes del Desierto">Amantes del Desierto</a></i> (with RTI) and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cara_o_Cruz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cara o Cruz (page does not exist)">Cara o Cruz</a></i> (with Argos) in 2001. The network also co-produced the 2002 novela <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vale_Todo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vale Todo (page does not exist)">Vale Todo</a></i> in conjunction with Rede Globo, that series did not fare well in the ratings. In 2003, Telemundo began producing its novelas stateside in Miami, beginning with the RTI co-production <i><a href="/wiki/Amor_Descarado" title="Amor Descarado">Amor Descarado</a></i>. Telemundo has experienced increasing success with its telenovelas, which have also been syndicated to Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, and Chile. Argos ended its co-production deal with Telemundo on December 31, 2006, with the last such co-production being <i><a href="/wiki/Marina_(Telemundo_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marina (Telemundo TV series)">Marina</a></i>. Telemundo continues to co-produce telenovelas with RTI but has also started to produce these serials on its own. In 2005, the network opened <a href="/wiki/Telemundo_Television_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Telemundo Television Studios">Telemundo Television Studios</a> in Miami, as a production studio for its telenovelas; <i><a href="/wiki/Dame_Chocolate" title="Dame Chocolate">Dame Chocolate</a></i> also became the first telenovela to be fully produced by Telemundo. In 2006, Telemundo broadcast two telenovelas not created by the network or its partners, <i><a href="/wiki/Amor_m%C3%ADo_(Mexican_telenovela)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amor mío (Mexican telenovela)">Amor Mío</a></i> (co-produced by Televisa and <a href="/wiki/Telefe" title="Telefe">Telefe</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/A_Escrava_Isaura_(2004_TV_series)" title="A Escrava Isaura (2004 TV series)">La Esclava Isaura</a></i> (produced by <a href="/wiki/Rede_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Rede Record">Rede Record</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cisneros_Media_Distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisneros Media Distribution">Cisneros Media Distribution</a> (formerly Venevisión International) has also produced American-based telenovelas, which follow the <a href="#Venezuela">Venezuelan story pattern</a> and aired on Telemundo competitor Univision in the U.S. (in addition to being carried by main Venevisión network in Venezuela); its telenovelas portray the lives of <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan American">Venezuelan Americans</a> in the United States. Although a Venezuelan-owned company, Cisneros Media not only hired established telenovela actors from Venezuela, but also from other Latin American countries like Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Puerto Rico, etc. like in Telemundo, in order for its telenovelas to be recognized by the U.S., Latin American, and Spanish audiences. In recent years, Univision has also begun producing its own telenovelas for its primetime schedule. </p><p>Some Spanish-language telenovelas are now translated into English. Univision and Telemundo provide <a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">closed captioning</a> in English in order to attract English-speaking American viewers (primarily American-born Mexicans who are not fluent in Spanish), carried as the second or third caption channel depending on the station. Xenon Pictures also includes English subtitles on its DVD releases of Mexican serials. The sudden interest in English telenovelas can be attributed to the appeal and successful ratings of the genre. Producers also see this as a way to attract the fast-growing Mexican population, most notably the female sector of this demographic. In addition, telenovelas break the traditional production format in the United States, in which a television program runs for 20–25 episodes a season, on a once-weekly basis. </p><p>Since 2010, <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon" title="Nickelodeon">Nickelodeon</a> and its sibling networks have aired several programs produced in the style of telenovelas. These shows are usually broadcast in a daily-strip format over a one-month period. <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Anubis" title="House of Anubis">House of Anubis</a></i>, based on a drama produced by its <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Dutch_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickelodeon (Dutch TV channel)">Dutch counterpart</a>, was the first show produced for the network to adopt this format. Nickelodeon later produced English-language adaptions of telenovelas from <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Latin American TV channel)">its Latin American arm</a>. including <i><a href="/wiki/Every_Witch_Way" title="Every Witch Way">Every Witch Way</a></i> (based on <i><a href="/wiki/Grachi" title="Grachi">Grachi</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.15em;">)</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Talia_in_the_Kitchen" title="Talia in the Kitchen">Talia in the Kitchen</a></i> (based on <i>Toni la chef</i><span style="padding-left:0.15em;">)</span>, and <i><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Frankie" title="I Am Frankie">I Am Frankie</a></i> (based on <i><a href="/wiki/Yo_soy_Franky" title="Yo soy Franky">Yo soy Franky</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.15em;">)</span>. The popular Canadian drama series <i><a href="/wiki/Degrassi" title="Degrassi">Degrassi</a></i> periodically used this format and aired daily during summer runs on <a href="/wiki/TeenNick" title="TeenNick">TeenNick</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uruguay">Uruguay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Uruguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Uruguay, telenovelas began to be produced in the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first, short run length productions were made that focused on melodramatic twists of traditional middle class life and were broadcast mainly on <a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(Uruguay)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 4 (Uruguay)">Channel 4</a>, such as, <i>Mañana será otro día, Constructores</i> and <i>Charly en el aire.</i><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2010s, productions began to have a larger budget, which led to a greater number of episodes and even the participation of foreign actors.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The youth-oriented telenovela <i><a href="/wiki/Dance!_La_Fuerza_del_Coraz%C3%B3n" title="Dance! La Fuerza del Corazón">Dance! La Fuerza del Corazón</a></i> was <a href="/wiki/Canal_10_(Uruguay)" title="Canal 10 (Uruguay)">Channel 10</a>'s first major production, being syndicated in several countries in Latin America and Europe, and dubbed into Portuguese and Italian.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another well-known production of Channel 10 is <i><a href="/wiki/Porque_te_quiero_as%C3%AD" title="Porque te quiero así">Porque te quiero así</a></i>, which ran from 2010 to 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venezuela">Venezuela</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Venezuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/RCTV" title="RCTV">RCTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venevisi%C3%B3n" title="Venevisión">Venevisión</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Televen" title="Televen">Televen</a></div> <p>Telenovelas in Venezuela are mainly produced by <a href="/wiki/RCTV" title="RCTV">RCTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venevisi%C3%B3n" title="Venevisión">Venevisión</a> and <a href="/wiki/Televen" title="Televen">Televen</a>. Like Televisa in Mexico, Venevision controls a large portion of the entertainment industry in that country. Some of Venevision's telenovelas were also broadcast on Univision in the United States until the late 2000s. Some major telenovelas produced in Venevision include <i><a href="/wiki/Amor_Comprado" title="Amor Comprado">Amor Comprado</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dulce_Enemiga" title="Dulce Enemiga">Dulce Enemiga</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cara_Sucia_(telenovela)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cara Sucia (telenovela)">Cara Sucia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bellisima" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellisima">Bellisima</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Pecado_de_amor_(1995_TV_series)" title="Pecado de amor (1995 TV series)">Pecado de Amor</a></i>. </p><p>Venezuela is one of the largest producers of telenovelas in the world, with up to 279 serials of this style have aired to date. Many of the major productions have been syndicated to Colombia, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, Spain, Italy, Japan, and the United States, among other countries. </p><p>In the beginning, Venezuelan telenovelas followed the <i>telenovela rosa</i> format of a poor Cinderella who falls in love with Prince charming. Later in the 1980s, writers began writing realistic telenovelas that reflected everyday life of the common citizens where the audience could relate with the characters with telenovelas such as <i><a href="/wiki/El_sol_sale_para_todos" title="El sol sale para todos">El sol sale para todos</a></i>, <i>Natalia de 8 a 9</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/La_se%C3%B1ora_de_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="La señora de Cárdenas">La señora de Cárdenas</a></i>. The most famous of such telenovelas was <i><a href="/wiki/Por_est%C3%A1s_calles" class="mw-redirect" title="Por estás calles">Por estás calles</a></i> which ran from 1992 to 1994. Another popular telenovela genre was the mystery telenovela which involved a serial killer with telenovelas such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lica_Pecado" class="mw-redirect" title="Angélica Pecado">Angélica Pecado</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Mujer_de_Judas" class="mw-redirect" title="La Mujer de Judas">La Mujer de Judas</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/La_viuda_joven" title="La viuda joven">La viuda joven</a></i> which became successful during their original run and were sold to several countries around the world. </p><p>In recent years, telenovela production has declined in the country especially after the closure of <a href="/wiki/RCTV" title="RCTV">RCTV</a> which was a major telenovela producer and exporter. Channels such as Venevisión end up producing only one national production per year. Government sanctions and regulations on media content has led to self-censorship of telenovela writers, also leading to reduced telenovela production. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most important Telenovela award shows are the Mexican <a href="/wiki/TVyNovelas_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="TVyNovelas Award">TVyNovelas Award</a>, hosted by the Televisa-owned <i><a href="/wiki/TVyNovelas" title="TVyNovelas">TVyNovelas</a></i> magazine, and the award presented by <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contigo_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contigo (magazine) (page does not exist)">Contigo</a></i> in Brazil. <i>TVyNovelas</i> also has editions in Colombia, Chile, Puerto Rico, and the United States, while <i>Contigo</i> has an edition in Chile. In 2008, <a href="/wiki/International_Academy_of_Television_Arts_and_Sciences" title="International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences">International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences</a> (IATAS) created a new <a href="/wiki/International_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="International Emmy Award">International Emmy Award</a> category for telenovelas produced and initially aired outside of the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_soap_operas">Comparison with soap operas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Comparison with soap operas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The standard American, British or Australian soap opera is of indefinite length, sometimes running for decades, with an ever-rotating cast of players and characters. However, most Latin American telenovelas have an average run of six months up to a year. The show's duration is pre-planned at the show's inception, with the overall story arc and conclusion also known by the show's creators and producers at its inception. <i><a href="/wiki/Mundo_de_Juguete" class="mw-redirect" title="Mundo de Juguete">Mundo de Juguete</a></i> is one exception to the rule, with a total of 605 episodes (1974–1977), and a few cast changes during the course of the serial. Some earlier Argentine telenovelas (most of them written by <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Migr%C3%A9" title="Alberto Migré">Alberto Migré</a>) had also run for a few years. </p><p>Telenovelas also have a different type of story from <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English-language</a> soaps, the typical telenovela story being focused on a rivalry between two or more people or families in romance or business. Many of them use stock themes like a Cinderella (who is a rival of the male protagonist's evil girlfriend), two brothers after one woman (or two sisters after one man) or mistaken/unknown parentage. Typically, the hero gets shot (or some form of fate equivalent to that).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (October 2013)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (October 2013)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Telenovelas comprise the great majority of the <a href="/wiki/Dramas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramas">dramatic</a> productions by South American television networks, whereas in the United States, other formats like <a href="/wiki/Sitcoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitcoms">sitcoms</a> or drama series are more popular on English language networks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/40px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/60px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/120px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Television" title="Portal:Television">Television portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_television_drama" title="Arab television drama">Arab television drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantaserye_and_telefantasya" title="Fantaserye and telefantasya">Fantaserye</a> – a genre of teleserye</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotonovela" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotonovela">Fotonovela</a> – the magazine equivalent, a sort of photo-comic book usually with a romantic theme.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_television_drama" title="Hong Kong television drama">Hong Kong television drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_telenovelas" title="List of telenovelas">List of telenovelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited-run_series" title="Limited-run series">Limited-run series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV_telenovelas" title="MyNetworkTV telenovelas">MyNetworkTV telenovelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_(radio_and_television)" title="Serial (radio and television)">Serial (radio and television)</a> – for a general discussion of the serial format, including soap operas and telenovelas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Drama">Taiwanese Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleserye" class="mw-redirect" title="Teleserye">Teleserye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_drama" title="Korean drama">Korean drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_soap_opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian soap opera">Indian soap opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_television_drama" title="Japanese television drama">Japanese television drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asadora" title="Asadora">Asadora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9roman" title="Téléroman">Téléroman</a> – the French-Canadian equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_television_soap_opera" title="Thai television soap opera">Thai television soap opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_television_drama" title="Turkish television drama">Turkish television drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webnovela" title="Webnovela">Webnovela</a> – movement on the Internet, which is equivalent to the simulation of telenovelas.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[telenoˈβela]</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Brazilian Portuguese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-BR-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ˌtɛlenoˈvɛla]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spanish: <i>televisión</i>, Portuguese: <i>televisão</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Novela</i> is the Spanish word for "novel". The word for "novel" in Portuguese is "romance", so "telenovela" should be "teleromance" in Portugal and Brazil, but due to the popularity of the Spanish term, it was adopted in Portuguese-speaking countries, which helped fuel confusion between the novel and novella literary forms ("novela" is the word for "novella" in Portuguese).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also: <a href="/wiki/The_House_of_Flowers_(TV_series)#Status_as_a_telenovela" title="The House of Flowers (TV series)"><i>The House of Flowers</i>: Status as a telenovela</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/telenovela">Telenovela | Define Telenovela at Dictionary.com</a>. Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved July 21, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Power-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Power_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/arts/the-power-of-the-telenovela">"The Power of the Telenovela"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a>. January 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Power+of+the+Telenovela&rft.pub=PBS+NewsHour&rft.date=2012-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Farts%2Fthe-power-of-the-telenovela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelenovela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHecht2006" class="citation web cs1">Hecht, John (September 26, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/telenovela-market-138873">"Telenovela market"</a>. <i>The Hollywood Reporter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved April 17, 2015. "The telenovelas were better than American soap operas because the action was faster(.) Mercifully, unlike their slower-paced American brethren, they also were finite."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown1992" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, William J. (January 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01956051.1992.10662035">"Sociocultural Influences of Prodevelopment Soap Operas in the Third World"</a>. <i>Journal of Popular Film and Television</i>. <b>19</b> (4). Carnegie Endowment for International Peacen: <span class="nowrap">157–</span>164. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01956051.1992.10662035">10.1080/01956051.1992.10662035</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0195-6051">0195-6051</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Popular+Film+and+Television&rft.atitle=Sociocultural+Influences+of+Prodevelopment+Soap+Operas+in+the+Third+World&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E157-%3C%2Fspan%3E164&rft.date=1992-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01956051.1992.10662035&rft.issn=0195-6051&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F01956051.1992.10662035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelenovela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gabriela Soto Laveaga, "'Let's become fewer': Soap operas, contraception, and nationalizing the Mexican family in an overpopulated world." <i>Sexuality Research and Social Policy</i>. September 2007, vol. 4, no. 3 pp. 19–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luhnow, David, and Santiago Pérez (April 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/viewers-spurn-the-telenovela-for-a-new-love-netflix-1524501901">"Netflix Breaks Up Audience Romance With Telenovela."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tvsa&rft.atitle=Top+Shows+on+TV%3A+September+2018&rft.aulast=Tvsa&rft.aufirst=Tvsa+Team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvsa.co.za%2Fuser%2Fblogs%2Fviewblogpost.aspx%3Fblogpostid%3D50010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelenovela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">4th edition published 2012, edited by Frank J.Lechner and John Boli, Wiley-Blackwell p.355</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMandalit_del_Barco" class="citation news cs1">Mandalit del Barco. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2015/07/19/424319915/turkish-tv-travels-far-as-craze-for-dramas-goes-global">"Turkish TV Travels Far As Craze For Dramas Goes Global"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i>. NPR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Turkish+TV+Travels+Far+As+Craze+For+Dramas+Goes+Global&rft.au=Mandalit+del+Barco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2015%2F07%2F19%2F424319915%2Fturkish-tv-travels-far-as-craze-for-dramas-goes-global&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelenovela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prpop.org/biografias/ivonne-goderich/">"Ivonne Goderich"</a> (in Spanish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ivonne+Goderich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprpop.org%2Fbiografias%2Fivonne-goderich%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelenovela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.produ.com/noticias/monte-carlo-tv-estreno-constructores">"Monte Carlo TV estrenó Constructores"</a>. <i>PRODU.COM</i> (in Spanish). April 18, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PRODU.COM&rft.atitle=Monte+Carlo+TV+estren%C3%B3+Constructores&rft.date=2003-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.produ.com%2Fnoticias%2Fmonte-carlo-tv-estreno-constructores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelenovela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lr21.com.uy/cultura/85638-el-lujo-de-la-pobreza">"El lujo de la pobreza"</a>. <i>LARED21</i> (in Spanish). July 12, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LARED21&rft.atitle=El+lujo+de+la+pobreza&rft.date=2002-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lr21.com.uy%2Fcultura%2F85638-el-lujo-de-la-pobreza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelenovela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.montevideo.com.uy/Pantallazo/Termina-Charly-en-el-aire--uc92420">"Termina "Charly en el aire"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Pantallazo</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pantallazo&rft.atitle=Termina+%22Charly+en+el+aire%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.montevideo.com.uy%2FPantallazo%2FTermina-Charly-en-el-aire--uc92420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelenovela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lr21.com.uy/cultura/466054-dance-la-fuerza-del-corazon-2#:~:text=Un%20ambicioso%20proyecto%20internacional%20de,personas%20entre%20elenco%20y%20t%C3%A9cnicos.">"Dance! La fuerza del corazón"</a>. <i>LARED21</i> (in Spanish). August 5, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LARED21&rft.atitle=Dance%21+La+fuerza+del+coraz%C3%B3n&rft.date=2011-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lr21.com.uy%2Fcultura%2F466054-dance-la-fuerza-del-corazon-2%23%3A~%3Atext%3DUn%2520ambicioso%2520proyecto%2520internacional%2520de%2Cpersonas%2520entre%2520elenco%2520y%2520t%25C3%25A9cnicos.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelenovela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.produ.com/noticias/serie-musical-dance-coproducida-por-powwow-y-canal-10-de-uruguay-se-estreno-por-rai-2">"Serie musical Dance! coproducida por Powwow y Canal 10 de Uruguay se estrenó por RAI 2"</a>. <i>PRODU.COM</i> (in Spanish). September 24, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PRODU.COM&rft.atitle=Serie+musical+Dance%21+coproducida+por+Powwow+y+Canal+10+de+Uruguay+se+estren%C3%B3+por+RAI+2&rft.date=2012-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.produ.com%2Fnoticias%2Fserie-musical-dance-coproducida-por-powwow-y-canal-10-de-uruguay-se-estreno-por-rai-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelenovela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121203074606/http://www.cmjornal.xl.pt/detalhe/noticias/lazer/tv--media/elas-sao-as-vozes-de-dance">"Elas são as vozes de 'Dance' - TV & Media - Correio da Manhã"</a>. December 3, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmjornal.xl.pt/detalhe/noticias/lazer/tv--media/elas-sao-as-vozes-de-dance">the original</a> on December 3, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elas+s%C3%A3o+as+vozes+de+%27Dance%27+-+TV+%26+Media+-+Correio+da+Manh%C3%A3&rft.date=2012-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmjornal.xl.pt%2Fdetalhe%2Fnoticias%2Flazer%2Ftv--media%2Felas-sao-as-vozes-de-dance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelenovela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lr21.com.uy/comunidad/464557-se-estreno-porque-te-quiero-asi">"Se estrenó "Porque te quiero así"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>LARED21</i> (in Spanish). July 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LARED21&rft.atitle=Se+estren%C3%B3+%22Porque+te+quiero+as%C3%AD%22&rft.date=2011-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lr21.com.uy%2Fcomunidad%2F464557-se-estreno-porque-te-quiero-asi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelenovela" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foro.telenovela-world.com/n4/list.php?f=326&t=12135&a=2">phorum – Amarte Así (Frijolito) forum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019144709/http://foro.telenovela-world.com/n4/list.php?f=326&t=12135&a=2">Archived</a> October 19, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Foro.telenovela-world.com. Retrieved July 21, 2013.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Castellot de Ballin, Laura (1993). <i>Historia de la televisión en México. Narrada por sus protagonistas</i>. México: Alpe.</li> <li>Covarrubias, Karla; Angélica, Bautista y Ana B. Uribe (1994). <i>Cuéntame en qué se quedó. La telenovela como fenómeno social</i>. México: Trillas.</li> <li>Roura, Assumpta (1993). <i>Telenovelas, pasiones de mujer. El sexo en el culebrón</i>. España: Gedisa.</li> <li>Trejo Silva, Marcia (2011). <i>La telenovela mexicana. Orígenes, características, análisis y perspectivas</i>. México: Trillas. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-6071709141" title="Special:BookSources/978-6071709141">978-6071709141</a></li> <li>Uribe, Ana B. (2009). <i>Mi México Imaginado: telenovelas, televisión y migrantes</i>. México: Porrúa</li> <li>Varios autores (2007). <i>El gran libro de las telenovelas. 50 años de historia</i>. México: Editorial Televisa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliseo_Ver%C3%B3n" title="Eliseo Verón">Verón, Eliseo</a> y Lucrecia Escudero Chauvel (comp.) (1997). <i>Telenovela, ficción popular y mutaciones culturales</i>. España: Gedisa.</li> <li>Villanueva Solorio, Mario (1997). <i>Para una tipología de villanos telenoveleros en México</i>. Tesis profesional. México: ENEP (FES) Acatlán. Mención Honorífica.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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drama series</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_television_drama" title="Arab television drama">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_television_drama" title="Chinese television drama">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_television_drama" title="Hong Kong television drama">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_television_drama" title="Indian television drama">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_television_drama" title="Japanese television drama">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_dramas" title="Pakistani dramas">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_television_drama" title="Philippine television drama">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_drama" title="Korean drama">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese drama">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_television_soap_opera" title="Thai television soap opera">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_television_drama" title="Turkish television drama">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boys%27_love" title="Boys' love">BL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Comedy drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_procedural" title="Police procedural">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_drama" title="Political drama">Politic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_drama" title="Medical drama">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitcom" title="Sitcom">Sitcom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_sitcom" title="Animated sitcom">Animated sitcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_sitcom" title="Black sitcom">Black sitcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_sitcom" title="Teen sitcom">Teen sitcom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soap_opera" title="Soap opera">Soap opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9roman" title="Téléroman">Téléroman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_TVB_dramas_and_series" title="Lists of TVB dramas and series">Hongkongese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_television_dramas" title="List of Japanese television dramas">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_television_series" title="List of Pakistani television series">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_dramas" title="List of Korean dramas">South Korean</a></li> <li>Taiwanese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_dramas_from_2000_to_2010" title="List of Taiwanese dramas from 2000 to 2010">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_dramas_from_2011_to_2020" title="List of Taiwanese dramas from 2011 to 2020">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_dramas_from_2021_to_present" title="List of Taiwanese dramas from 2021 to present">2020s</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thai_television_soap_operas" title="List of Thai television soap operas">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List by genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BL_dramas" title="List of BL dramas">BL drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comedy_drama_television_series" title="List of comedy drama television series">Comedy drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GL_dramas" title="List of GL dramas">GL drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_drama_television_programs" title="List of medical drama television programs">Medical drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_television_dramas" title="List of police television dramas">Police drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_sitcoms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of science fiction sitcoms">Science fiction sitcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serial_drama_television_series" title="List of serial drama television series">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_situation_comedies" title="List of situation comedies">Situation comedies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soap_operas" title="List of soap operas">Soap opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_teen_dramas" title="List of teen dramas">Teen drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_teen_sitcoms" title="List of teen sitcoms">Teen sitcoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_telenovelas" title="List of telenovelas">Telenovela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Format</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serial_(radio_and_television)" title="Serial (radio and television)">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedural_drama" title="Procedural drama">Procedural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniseries" title="Miniseries">Miniseries</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Telenovela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_producer" title="Executive producer">Executive producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showrunner" title="Showrunner">Showrunner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latin_America_articles199" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_America_topics" title="Template:Latin America topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_America_topics" title="Template talk:Latin America topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_America_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin America topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_America_articles199" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Latin_America" title="History of Latin America">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">By period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">Portuguese colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization_of_the_Americas" title="Decolonization of the Americas">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_integration" title="Latin American integration">Latin American integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Latin_America" title="Great Depression in Latin America">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_during_World_War_II" title="Latin America during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_debt_crisis" title="Latin American debt crisis">Debt crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Latin_America" title="Catholic Church in Latin America">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_history_of_Latin_America" title="Environmental history of Latin America">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_libraries_in_Latin_America" title="History of libraries in Latin America">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Latin_American_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Latin American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Latin_America" title="Military history of Latin America">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_Latin_America" title="Witchcraft in Latin America">Brujería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Latin_America" title="Slavery in Latin America">Slavery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">Foreign relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="Australia–Latin America relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="Canada–Latin America relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China–Latin America relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="India–Latin America relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="Ireland–Latin America relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Latin_America_Conference" title="Italy–Latin America Conference">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="Japan–Latin America relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_League_of_Nations" title="Latin America and the League of Nations">League of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="South Korea–Latin America relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Latin America–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Latin America–United States relations">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Latin_America" title="List of regions of Latin America">Regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_the_Americas" title="Democracy in the Americas">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_wave" title="Conservative wave">Conservative wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_drug_legalization" title="Latin American drug legalization">Drug legalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falangism_in_Latin_America" title="Falangism in Latin America">Falangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_involvement_in_international_peacekeeping" title="Latin American involvement in international peacekeeping">International peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_conservatism_in_Latin_America" title="Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America">Liberalism and conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_tide" title="Pink tide">Pink tide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_economy" title="Latin American economy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Latin America">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agroecology_in_Latin_America" title="Agroecology in Latin America">Agroecology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_banks_and_currencies_of_the_Americas" title="Central banks and currencies of the Americas">Central banks and currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges_in_the_Americas" title="List of stock exchanges in the Americas">Stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Latin America">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Latin_America" title="Water supply and sanitation in Latin America">Water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_inequality_in_Latin_America" title="Wealth inequality in Latin America">Wealth inequality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_and_violence_in_Latin_America" title="Crime and violence in Latin America">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Latin_America" title="Illegal drug trade in Latin America">Illegal drug trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Latin_America" title="Education in Latin America">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_studies" title="Latin American studies">Latin American studies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Latin_America" title="Etiquette in Latin America">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Latin_America" title="Feminism in Latin America">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Latin_America" title="HIV/AIDS in Latin America">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_Latin_America" title="Race and ethnicity in Latin America">Race and ethnicity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Latin_America" title="Culture of Latin America">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art" title="Latin American art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American cinema">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_films" title="List of Latin American films">Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_dance" title="Latin dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_literature" title="Latin American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Latin America">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latin_America" title="Music of Latin America">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Latin_America" title="Religion in Latin America">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Latin_America" title="Television in Latin America">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_broadcasting_companies_in_Latin_America" title="List of broadcasting companies in Latin America">Companies</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Telenovela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Latin_America" title="Video games in Latin America">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Latin America">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_countries_by_population" title="List of Latin American countries by population">Countries by population</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_cities_by_population" title="List of Latin American cities by population">Cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Latin_America" title="Ethnic groups in Latin America">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_Americas" title="Spanish language in the Americas">Spanish language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Americans" title="Latin Americans">Latin Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_Americans" title="List of Latin Americans">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latin_America" title="Category:Latin America">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latin_America" title="Portal:Latin America">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox538" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23745#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Telenovela"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7573278-6">Germany</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&oldid=1281591991">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telenovela&oldid=1281591991</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telenovelas" title="Category:Telenovelas">Telenovelas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Television_genres" title="Category:Television genres">Television genres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soap_operas" 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