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</div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">西班牙国民警卫队</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。33种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A" title="الحرس المدني – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرس المدني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_civil" title="Guardia civil – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guardia civil" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Грамадзянская гвардыя (Іспанія) – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грамадзянская гвардыя (Іспанія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Civil" title="Guardia Civil – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Guardia Civil" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A0rdia_Civil" title="Guàrdia Civil – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guàrdia Civil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Civil" title="Guardia Civil – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Guardia Civil" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob%C4%8Dansk%C3%A1_garda_(%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blsko)" title="Občanská garda (Španělsko) – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Občanská garda (Španělsko)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Civil" title="Guardia Civil – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guardia Civil" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Civil" title="Guardia Civil – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guardia Civil" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%86%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Ισπανική Πολιτοφυλακή – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισπανική Πολιτοφυλακή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Civil Guard (Spain)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Civil_(Hispanio)" title="Guardia Civil (Hispanio) – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Guardia Civil (Hispanio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Civil" title="Guardia Civil – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guardia Civil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Zibila" title="Guardia Zibila – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Guardia Zibila" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanjan_kansalliskaarti" title="Espanjan kansalliskaarti – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Espanjan kansalliskaarti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garde_civile" title="Garde civile – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Garde civile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garda_Civil" title="Garda Civil – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Garda Civil" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99_(%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93)" title="המשמר האזרחי (ספרד) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המשמר האזרחי (ספרד)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Իսպանիայի քաղաքացիական գվարդիա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսպանիայի քաղաքացիական գվարդիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Civil" title="Guardia Civil – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guardia Civil" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%89%E8%AD%A6%E5%82%99%E9%9A%8A_(%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3)" title="治安警備隊 (スペイン) – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="治安警備隊 (スペイン)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%EB%A5%B4%EB%94%94%EC%95%84_%EC%8B%9C%EB%B9%8C" title="과르디아 시빌 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="과르디아 시빌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Civil" title="Guardia Civil – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Guardia Civil" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Civil_(Spagna)" title="Guardia Civil (Spagna) – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Guardia Civil (Spagna)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Civil" title="Guardia Civil – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Guardia Civil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Civil" title="Guardia Civil – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guardia Civil" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Civil" title="Guardia Civil – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Guardia Civil" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Civil_(Hiszpania)" title="Guardia Civil (Hiszpania) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Guardia Civil (Hiszpania)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarda_Civil_(Espanha)" title="Guarda Civil (Espanha) – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guarda Civil (Espanha)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Гражданская гвардия Испании – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гражданская гвардия Испании" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Civil" title="Guardia Civil – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Guardia Civil" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardia_Civil" title="Guardia Civil – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Guardia Civil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Цивільна гвардія (Іспанія) – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цивільна гвардія (Іспанія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q932821#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%A6%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F" 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class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Guardia_Civil,_Spain" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q932821" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:315px;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: lightsteelblue;">国民警卫队（民防衛隊）</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;font-size:85%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Civil_Guard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Civil_Guard.svg/98px-Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Civil_Guard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="98" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Civil_Guard.svg/147px-Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Civil_Guard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Civil_Guard.svg/196px-Emblem_of_the_Spanish_Civil_Guard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="940" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">国民卫队徽章</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">存在時期</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1844年5月13日</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">國家或地區</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">種類</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%AA%E5%85%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="国家宪兵">国家宪兵</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">功能</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%A7%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="执法机构">执法机构</a> <ul><li>公路，交通管理</li> <li>边界巡逻</li> <li>海岸巡逻、搜救</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">規模</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">80,000名军官</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">直屬</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="西班牙政府">西班牙政府</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙宪法">西班牙宪法</a>1978年)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">駐軍/總部</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="马德里">马德里</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">冠名自</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Our Lady of the Pillar" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Our Lady of the Pillar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Our Lady of the Pillar（页面不存在）">Our Lady of the Pillar</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar" class="extiw" title="en:Our Lady of the Pillar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Our Lady of the Pillar</span></a></span>）</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">格言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><i>El honor es mi divisa</i> <br />(荣誉是我的勋章)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">紀念日</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">10月12日</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">营地</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2,691</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">嘉獎</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laureate_Cross_of_Saint_Ferdinand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand（页面不存在）">Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">网站</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardiacivil.es/">guardiacivil.es</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightsteelblue;;">指挥官</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">象徵性指揮官</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Arsenio Fernández de Mesa" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arsenio Fernández de Mesa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsenio_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Mesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsenio Fernández de Mesa（页面不存在）">Arsenio Fernández de Mesa</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenio_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Mesa" class="extiw" title="en:Arsenio Fernández de Mesa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arsenio Fernández de Mesa</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">作战副总监</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Cándido Cardiel Ojer中将</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">著名指揮官</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Francisco Javier Girón上校，创建人 <br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E8%B5%AB%E7%BD%97" title="安东尼奥·特赫罗">安东尼奥·特赫罗</a>中校 1981年未遂政变主谋</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightsteelblue;;">標識</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">缩写</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><b>GC</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">字母组合</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monogram_of_the_Spanish_Civil_Guard_(Variant).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Monogram_of_the_Spanish_Civil_Guard_%28Variant%29.svg/60px-Monogram_of_the_Spanish_Civil_Guard_%28Variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Monogram_of_the_Spanish_Civil_Guard_%28Variant%29.svg/90px-Monogram_of_the_Spanish_Civil_Guard_%28Variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Monogram_of_the_Spanish_Civil_Guard_%28Variant%29.svg/120px-Monogram_of_the_Spanish_Civil_Guard_%28Variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="939" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patrol_GR_Guardia_Civil.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Patrol_GR_Guardia_Civil.JPG/200px-Patrol_GR_Guardia_Civil.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Patrol_GR_Guardia_Civil.JPG/300px-Patrol_GR_Guardia_Civil.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Patrol_GR_Guardia_Civil.JPG/400px-Patrol_GR_Guardia_Civil.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1354" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption>西班牙宪兵的巡逻警车</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guardia_Civil_a_caballo_Dos_de_Mayo_2008_n1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Guardia_Civil_a_caballo_Dos_de_Mayo_2008_n1.jpg/200px-Guardia_Civil_a_caballo_Dos_de_Mayo_2008_n1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Guardia_Civil_a_caballo_Dos_de_Mayo_2008_n1.jpg/300px-Guardia_Civil_a_caballo_Dos_de_Mayo_2008_n1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Guardia_Civil_a_caballo_Dos_de_Mayo_2008_n1.jpg/400px-Guardia_Civil_a_caballo_Dos_de_Mayo_2008_n1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>2008年在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="马德里">马德里</a>纪念<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E6%97%A5%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="五月二日起义">五月二日起义</a>200周年时的西班牙宪兵仪仗队。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>西班牙国民卫队</b>，字面直譯為<b>西班牙民防警衛隊</b>（西班牙語：<span lang="es">Guardia Civil</span>），执行警察任务的武裝部隊，接受<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西班牙國防部（页面不存在）">西班牙國防部</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%85%A7%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8" title="西班牙內政部">西班牙內政部</a>雙重管轄，与<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西班牙国家警察隊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National_Police_Corps_(Spain)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E9%9A%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西班牙国家警察隊（页面不存在）">西班牙国家警察隊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Police_Corps_(Spain)" class="extiw" title="en:National Police Corps (Spain)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National_Police_Corps_(Spain)</span></a></span>）</span></span>同為西班牙的两支国家级守卫力量。任务包括： </p> <ul><li>执法（不包括2万人以上城市）</li> <li>公路巡逻</li> <li>保護国王与王室成员</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E5%85%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="憲兵">憲兵</a></li> <li>缉毒</li> <li>海关缉私</li> <li>海关与要地巡逻</li> <li>机场安全</li> <li>监狱安全与犯人看管</li> <li>控枪</li> <li>边界安全</li> <li>爆炸品处置(TEDAX)</li> <li>反恐与特战单位 (UEI)</li> <li>海岸警备</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E9%A7%90%E5%A4%96%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="西班牙駐外機構列表">驻外大使馆</a>警卫</li> <li>谍报与反间谍(SIGC)</li> <li>潜水(GEAS)</li> <li>互联网罪案</li> <li>山地搜救(GREIM)</li> <li>狩猎管理</li> <li>环境保护执法(SEPRONA)</li> <li>金融与经济罪案侦查</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%A6%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="西班牙内战">西班牙内战</a>时，国民警卫队也分裂为对战的两方，其中站在共和国政府一方的人员约占53%<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%A6%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314045128/http://www.guardiacivil.es/es/institucional/estructuraorganizacion/director/index.html">Dirección General de la Guardia Civil [General Direction of the Spanish Civil Guard]</a>. Spanish Civil Guard. 2012-03-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-02-18</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardiacivil.es/es/institucional/estructuraorganizacion/director/index.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-03-14） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到西班牙语网页">（西班牙语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%A6%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F&rft.btitle=Direcci%C3%B3n+General+de+la+Guardia+Civil&rft.date=2012-03-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Spanish+Civil+Guard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardiacivil.es%2Fes%2Finstitucional%2Festructuraorganizacion%2Fdirector%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMuñoz-Bolaños2000" class="citation">Muñoz-Bolaños, Roberto, Fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad en España (1900–1945), Serga, 2000, <b>2</b></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%A6%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F&rft.atitle=Fuerzas+y+cuerpos+de+seguridad+en+Espa%C3%B1a+%281900%E2%80%931945%29&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rft.aulast=Mu%C3%B1oz-Bola%C3%B1os&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Serga&rft.volume=2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF1936" class="citation">Decreto de 30 de agosto de 1936, 1936-08-30</cite><span 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