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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Rebellion_of_1857"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Indian Rebellion of 1857</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_Rebellion_of_1857-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Memorials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84" title="بيجوم حضرة محل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيجوم حضرة محل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2" title="বেগম হজৰত মহল – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বেগম হজৰত মহল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2" title="বেগম হজরত মহল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেগম হজরত মহল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="Begum Hazrat Mahal – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Begum Hazrat Mahal" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84" title="بیگم حضرت محل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیگم حضرت محل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="Begum Hazrat Mahal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Begum Hazrat Mahal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%AE_%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%B2" title="બેગમ હઝરત મહલ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બેગમ હઝરત મહલ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2" title="बेगम हज़रत महल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बेगम हज़रत महल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="Begum Hazrat Mahal – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Begum Hazrat Mahal" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C" title="בגום הזראת מהאל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בגום הזראת מהאל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬೇಗಮ್ ಹಜರತ್ ಮಹಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೇಗಮ್ ಹಜರತ್ ಮಹಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2" title="बेगम हजरत महल – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बेगम हजरत महल" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BD" title="ബീഗം ഹസ്രത്ത്‌ മഹൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബീഗം ഹസ്രത്ത്‌ മഹൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2" title="बेगम हजरत महल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बेगम हजरत महल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="Begum Hazrat Mahal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Begum Hazrat Mahal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2" title="बेगम हजरत महल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बेगम हजरत महल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2" title="बेगम हजरत महल – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बेगम हजरत महल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazrat_Mahal_Begim" title="Hazrat Mahal Begim – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hazrat Mahal Begim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B2" title="ਬੇਗਮ ਹਜ਼ਰਤ ਮਹਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੇਗਮ ਹਜ਼ਰਤ ਮਹਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84" title="بیگم حضرت محل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بیگم حضرت محل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Бегум Хазрат Махал – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бегум Хазрат Махал" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="Begum Hazrat Mahal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Begum Hazrat Mahal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பேகம் அசரத் மகால் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேகம் அசரத் மகால்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="బేగం హజ్రత్ మహల్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బేగం హజ్రత్ మహల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beg%C3%BCm_Hazret_Mahal" title="Begüm Hazret Mahal – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Begüm Hazret Mahal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84" title="بیگم حضرت محل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بیگم حضرت محل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q717960#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Begum Hazrat Mahal</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Begum" title="Begum">Begum</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_Awadh" title="Nawab of Awadh">Nawab of Awadh</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Begum_hazrat_mahal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Begum_hazrat_mahal.jpg/200px-Begum_hazrat_mahal.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Begum_hazrat_mahal.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="449" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Begum Hazrat Mahal</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Muhammadi Khanum<br />1820<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Faizabad" title="Faizabad">Faizabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oudh_State" title="Oudh State">Awadh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 April 1879 (aged 59)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Husband</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nawab_Wajid_Ali_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawab Wajid Ali Shah">Nawab Wajid Ali Shah</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Begum Hazrat Mahal</b> (c. 1820 – 7 April 1879), also known as the <a href="/wiki/Begum" title="Begum">Begum</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oudh_State" title="Oudh State">Awadh</a>, was the second wife of <a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_Awadh" title="Nawab of Awadh">Nawab of Awadh</a> <a href="/wiki/Wajid_Ali_Shah" title="Wajid Ali Shah">Wajid Ali Shah</a>, and the regent of Awadh in 1857–1858. She is known for the leading role she had in the rebellion against the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">British East India Company</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a>. </p><p>After her husband had been exiled to Calcutta and the Indian Rebellion broke out, she made her son, Prince <a href="/wiki/Birjis_Qadr" title="Birjis Qadr">Birjis Qadr</a>, the <i>Wali</i> (ruler) of Awadh, with herself as regent during his minority. However, she was forced to abandon this role after a short reign.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By way of <a href="/wiki/Hallaur" title="Hallaur">Hallaur</a>, she finally found asylum in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Nepal</a>, where she died in 1879. Her role in the rebellion has given her a heroine status in the post-colonial history of India. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Begum_Hazrat_Mahal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Begum_Hazrat_Mahal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Begum Hazrat Mahal's name was Mohammadi Khanum, and she was born in 1820 at <a href="/wiki/Faizabad" title="Faizabad">Faizabad</a>, the former capital of Oudh State. She was sold by her parents and became a <a href="/wiki/Tawaif" title="Tawaif">tawaif</a> by profession. She entered the royal <a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">harem</a> as a <i>Khawasin</i> after having been sold to Royal agents, where she was promoted to a <i>pari</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Michael_Edwardes_1975_p._104_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michael_Edwardes_1975_p._104-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She became a <i>Begum</i> after being accepted as a royal <a href="/wiki/Concubinage_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Concubinage in Islam">concubine</a> of the King of Awadh,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the last Tajdaar-e-Awadh, <a href="/wiki/Wajid_Ali_Shah" title="Wajid Ali Shah">Wajid Ali Shah</a>; became his junior wife<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the title 'Hazrat Mahal' was bestowed on her after the birth of their son, <a href="/wiki/Birjis_Qadr" title="Birjis Qadr">Birjis Qadr</a>. In 1856, the British annexed Awadh, and Wajid Ali Shah was exiled to <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a>. Begum Hazrat Mahal remained in Lucknow with her son<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and soon took charge of the affairs of the rebel state of <a href="/wiki/Oudh_State" title="Oudh State">Awadh</a> as it entered armed struggle with the British East India Company.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_Rebellion_of_1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Begum_Hazrat_Mahal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Indian Rebellion of 1857"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a>, Begum Hazrat Mahal's band of supporters rebelled against the forces of the British under the leadership of Raja Jailal Singh; they seized control of <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>, and she took power as the guardian of her minor son, Prince Birjis Qadr, whom she had declared as the ruler (<i>Wali</i>) of Awadh.<sup id="cite_ref-Michael_Edwardes_1975_p._104_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michael_Edwardes_1975_p._104-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As regent, she automatically came to have a leadership role in the rebellion against the British. </p><p>One of the principal complaints of Begum Hazrat Mahal was that the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> had casually demolished <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">temples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a> just to make way for roads.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalrymple_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalrymple-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a proclamation issued during the final days of the revolt, she mocked the British claim to allow freedom of worship:<sup id="cite_ref-Dalrymple_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalrymple-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To eat pigs and drink wine, to bite <a href="/wiki/Paper_cartridge" title="Paper cartridge">greased cartridges</a> and to mix <a href="/wiki/Pig_fat" title="Pig fat">pig's fat</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sweets_from_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Sweets from the Indian subcontinent">sweetmeats</a>, to destroy <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Mussalman</a> temples and mosques on the pretense of making roads, to build <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">churches</a>, to send <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergymen</a> into the streets to preach the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian religion</a>, to institute <a href="/wiki/English-medium_education" title="English-medium education">English schools</a>, and pay people a monthly stipend for learning the English sciences, while the places of worship of Hindus and Mussalmans are to this day entirely neglected; with all this, how can people believe that religion will not be interfered with?<sup id="cite_ref-Dalrymple_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalrymple-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Hazrat Mahal worked in association with <a href="/wiki/Nana_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Nana Sahib">Nana Saheb</a>, but later joined the Maulavi of <a href="/wiki/Faizabad" title="Faizabad">Faizabad</a> in the attack on <a href="/wiki/Shahjahanpur" title="Shahjahanpur">Shahjahanpur</a>. When the forces under the command of the British <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Lucknow" title="Capture of Lucknow">re-captured Lucknow</a> and most of Oudh, she was forced to retreat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life">Later life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Begum_Hazrat_Mahal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ultimately, she had to retreat to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Nepal</a>, where she was initially refused asylum by the Rana prime minister <a href="/wiki/Jung_Bahadur_Rana" title="Jung Bahadur Rana">Jung Bahadur</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was later allowed to stay.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She died there in 1879 and was buried in a nameless grave in the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>'s Jama Masjid.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After her death, on the occasion of the jubilee of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> (1887), the British Government pardoned Birjis Qadr and he was allowed to return home.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memorials">Memorials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Begum_Hazrat_Mahal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Memorials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Begum Hazrat Mahal's tomb is located in the central part of Kathmandu near Jama Masjid, Ghantaghar, not far away from the famous Darbar Marg. It is looked after by the Jama Masjid Central Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 August 1962, Mahal was honoured at the Old Victoria Park in <a href="/wiki/Hazratganj" title="Hazratganj">Hazratganj</a>, Lucknow for her role in the Great Revolt.<sup id="cite_ref-milligazette1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milligazette1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with the renaming of the park, a marble memorial was constructed, which includes a marble tablet with four round brass plaques bearing the coat of arms of the Awadh royal family. The park has been used for <a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlilas</a> and bonfires during <a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Dusshera</a>, as well as Lucknow Mahotsava (Lucknow Exposition).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 May 1984, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> issued a commemorative stamp in honour of Mahal. The first day cover was designed by C.R. Pakrashi, and the cancellation was done by Alka Sharma. 15,00,000 stamps were issued.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-milligazette1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milligazette1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Ministry of Minority Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> has started the Begum Hazrat Mahal National Scholarship for Meritorious Girls belonging to minority communities in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. This scholarship is implemented through the <a href="/wiki/Maulana_Azad" title="Maulana Azad">Maulana Azad</a> Education Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Begum_Hazrat_Mahal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazrat_Mahal%27s_Tomb_in_Kathmandu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The tomb of Begum Hazrat Mahal near Jama Masjid in Kathmandu"><img alt="The tomb of Begum Hazrat Mahal near Jama Masjid in Kathmandu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hazrat_Mahal%27s_Tomb_in_Kathmandu.jpg/180px-Hazrat_Mahal%27s_Tomb_in_Kathmandu.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hazrat_Mahal%27s_Tomb_in_Kathmandu.jpg/270px-Hazrat_Mahal%27s_Tomb_in_Kathmandu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hazrat_Mahal%27s_Tomb_in_Kathmandu.jpg/360px-Hazrat_Mahal%27s_Tomb_in_Kathmandu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The tomb of Begum Hazrat Mahal near Jama Masjid in Kathmandu</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Begum_Hazrat_Mahal_Park_Lucknow.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Memorial of Begum Hazrat Mahal in Begum Hazrat Mahal Park, Lucknow."><img alt="Memorial of Begum Hazrat Mahal in Begum Hazrat Mahal Park, Lucknow." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal_Park_Lucknow.jpg/173px-Begum_Hazrat_Mahal_Park_Lucknow.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal_Park_Lucknow.jpg/260px-Begum_Hazrat_Mahal_Park_Lucknow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal_Park_Lucknow.jpg/347px-Begum_Hazrat_Mahal_Park_Lucknow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="758" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Memorial of Begum Hazrat Mahal in Begum Hazrat Mahal Park, <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_Memorial_-_Begum_Hazrat_Mahal_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A view of Begum Hazrat Mahal Park"><img alt="A view of Begum Hazrat Mahal Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Victoria_Memorial_-_Begum_Hazrat_Mahal_Park.jpg/180px-Victoria_Memorial_-_Begum_Hazrat_Mahal_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Victoria_Memorial_-_Begum_Hazrat_Mahal_Park.jpg/270px-Victoria_Memorial_-_Begum_Hazrat_Mahal_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Victoria_Memorial_-_Begum_Hazrat_Mahal_Park.jpg/360px-Victoria_Memorial_-_Begum_Hazrat_Mahal_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="470" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A view of Begum Hazrat Mahal Park</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Begum_Hazrat_Mahal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Begum_Hazrat_Mahal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/history/begum-hazrat-mahal.html">"Begum Hazrat Mahal Biography, History and Facts"</a>. 3 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180824065539/http://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/history/begum-hazrat-mahal.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Begum+Hazrat+Mahal+Biography%2C+History+and+Facts&rft.date=2018-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapsofindia.com%2Fwho-is-who%2Fhistory%2Fbegum-hazrat-mahal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/south-asia/a-link-to-indian-freedom-movement-in-nepal/article5884467.ece">"A link to Indian freedom movement in Nepal"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 8 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410063351/http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/south-asia/a-link-to-indian-freedom-movement-in-nepal/article5884467.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=A+link+to+Indian+freedom+movement+in+Nepal&rft.date=2014-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Fsouth-asia%2Fa-link-to-indian-freedom-movement-in-nepal%2Farticle5884467.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Michael_Edwardes_1975_p._104-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Michael_Edwardes_1975_p._104_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Michael_Edwardes_1975_p._104_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Edwardes (1975) <i>Red Year</i>. London: Sphere Books; p. 104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hibbert" title="Christopher Hibbert">Christopher Hibbert</a> (1980) <i>The Great Mutiny</i>, Harmondsworth: Penguin; p. 371</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saul David (2002) <i>The Indian Mutiny</i>, Viking; p. 185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/history/begum-hazrat-mahal.html">"Begum Hazrat Mahal"</a>. Mapsofindia.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121030143737/http://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/history/begum-hazrat-mahal.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Begum+Hazrat+Mahal&rft.pub=Mapsofindia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapsofindia.com%2Fwho-is-who%2Fhistory%2Fbegum-hazrat-mahal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianculture.gov.in/stories/begum-hazrat-mahal-revolutionary-queen-awadh">"Begum Hazrat Mahal: The Revolutionary Queen of Awadh"</a>. <i>Indian Culture Portal</i>. Ministry of Culture, Government of India; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay; Indira Gandhi National Open University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220717042621/https://indianculture.gov.in/stories/begum-hazrat-mahal-revolutionary-queen-awadh">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Culture+Portal&rft.atitle=Begum+Hazrat+Mahal%3A+The+Revolutionary+Queen+of+Awadh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianculture.gov.in%2Fstories%2Fbegum-hazrat-mahal-revolutionary-queen-awadh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma1959" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Vinod Chandra (March 1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianculture.gov.in/gazettes/uttar-pradesh-district-gazetteers-lucknow-vol-xxxvii"><i>Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers</i></a>. Vol. 37. Government of Uttar Pradesh. pp. 56–57. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814015902/https://indianculture.gov.in/gazettes/uttar-pradesh-district-gazetteers-lucknow-vol-xxxvii">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uttar+Pradesh+District+Gazetteers&rft.pages=56-57&rft.pub=Government+of+Uttar+Pradesh&rft.date=1959-03&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Vinod+Chandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianculture.gov.in%2Fgazettes%2Futtar-pradesh-district-gazetteers-lucknow-vol-xxxvii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalrymple-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dalrymple_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalrymple_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dalrymple_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">William Dalrymple <i>The Last Mughal; the fall of a dynasty: Delhi, 1857</i>, Viking Penguin, 2006, p. 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hibbert (1980); pp. 374–375</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hibbert (1980); pp. 386–387</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishna2002" class="citation news cs1">Krishna, Sharmila (11 June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oudh.tripod.com/bhm/bhmfar.htm">"Far from the madding crowd she lies, forlorn & forgotten"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express - LUCKNOW</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001546/http://oudh.tripod.com/bhm/bhmfar.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express+-+LUCKNOW&rft.atitle=Far+from+the+madding+crowd+she+lies%2C+forlorn+%26+forgotten&rft.date=2002-06-11&rft.aulast=Krishna&rft.aufirst=Sharmila&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foudh.tripod.com%2Fbhm%2Fbhmfar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarcourt2012" class="citation book cs1">Harcourt, E.S (2012). <i>Lucknow the Last Phase of an Oriental Culture</i> (seventh ed.). Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-563375-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-563375-7"><bdi>978-0-19-563375-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lucknow+the+Last+Phase+of+an+Oriental+Culture&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=76&rft.edition=seventh&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-563375-7&rft.aulast=Harcourt&rft.aufirst=E.S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-milligazette1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-milligazette1_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-milligazette1_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milligazette.com/news/14143-little-known-little-remembered-begum-hazrat-mahal">"Little known, little remembered: Begum Hazrat Mahal"</a>. <i>milligazette.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012203038/http://www.milligazette.com/news/14143-little-known-little-remembered-begum-hazrat-mahal">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=milligazette.com&rft.atitle=Little+known%2C+little+remembered%3A+Begum+Hazrat+Mahal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milligazette.com%2Fnews%2F14143-little-known-little-remembered-begum-hazrat-mahal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuggles2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._Fairchild_Ruggles" title="D. Fairchild Ruggles">Ruggles, D. Fairchild</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kUqoDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT94"><i>Woman's Eye, Woman's Hand: Making Art and Architecture in Modern India</i></a>. Zubaan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789383074785" title="Special:BookSources/9789383074785"><bdi>9789383074785</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701145728/https://books.google.com/books?id=kUqoDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT94">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woman%27s+Eye%2C+Woman%27s+Hand%3A+Making+Art+and+Architecture+in+Modern+India&rft.pub=Zubaan&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9789383074785&rft.aulast=Ruggles&rft.aufirst=D.+Fairchild&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkUqoDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYecurī2008" class="citation book cs1">Yecurī, Sītārāma (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k30MAQAAMAAJ"><i>The great revolt, a left appraisal</i></a>. People's Democracy. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788190621809" title="Special:BookSources/9788190621809"><bdi>9788190621809</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701145728/https://books.google.com/books?id=k30MAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+great+revolt%2C+a+left+appraisal&rft.pub=People%27s+Democracy&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9788190621809&rft.aulast=Yecur%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=S%C4%ABt%C4%81r%C4%81ma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk30MAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/travel/the-famous-memorial-of-begum-hazrat-mahal-in-lucknow">"Begum Hazrat Mahal in Lucknow | My India"</a>. Mapsofindia.com. 27 August 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140531045318/http://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/travel/the-famous-memorial-of-begum-hazrat-mahal-in-lucknow">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Begum+Hazrat+Mahal+in+Lucknow+%26%23124%3B+My+India&rft.pub=Mapsofindia.com&rft.date=2013-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapsofindia.com%2Fmy-india%2Ftravel%2Fthe-famous-memorial-of-begum-hazrat-mahal-in-lucknow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMourad2014" class="citation book cs1">Mourad, Kenizé (4 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x8S2DwAAQBAJ&q=%22hazrat+mahal%22"><i>In the City of Gold and Silver</i></a>. Europa Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60945-242-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60945-242-1"><bdi>978-1-60945-242-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+City+of+Gold+and+Silver&rft.pub=Europa+Editions&rft.date=2014-11-04&rft.isbn=978-1-60945-242-1&rft.aulast=Mourad&rft.aufirst=Keniz%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx8S2DwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522hazrat%2Bmahal%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee2021" class="citation book cs1">Mukherjee, Rudrangshu (2021). <i>A Begum and a Rani: Hazrat Mahal and Lakshmibai in 1857</i>. Gurugram: Penguin/Allen Lane, an imprint of Penguin Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670090662" title="Special:BookSources/9780670090662"><bdi>9780670090662</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Begum+and+a+Rani%3A+Hazrat+Mahal+and+Lakshmibai+in+1857&rft.place=Gurugram&rft.pub=Penguin%2FAllen+Lane%2C+an+imprint+of+Penguin+Random+House&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780670090662&rft.aulast=Mukherjee&rft.aufirst=Rudrangshu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Currency/Paisa/Alpha/B/BEGUM%20HAZRAT%20MAHAL">"Begum Hazrat Mahal"</a>. Indianpost.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717074225/http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Currency/Paisa/Alpha/B/BEGUM%20HAZRAT%20MAHAL">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Begum+Hazrat+Mahal&rft.pub=Indianpost.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianpost.com%2Fviewstamp.php%2FCurrency%2FPaisa%2FAlpha%2FB%2FBEGUM%2520HAZRAT%2520MAHAL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180601144816/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jobs-careers/begum-hazrat-mahal-national-scholarship/483656.html">"Begum Hazrat Mahal National Scholarship"</a>. 18 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jobs-careers/begum-hazrat-mahal-national-scholarship/483656.html">the original</a> on 1 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Begum+Hazrat+Mahal+National+Scholarship&rft.date=2017-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2Fnews%2Fjobs-careers%2Fbegum-hazrat-mahal-national-scholarship%2F483656.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=158165">"Schemes for Minority Women"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190111121501/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=158165">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schemes+for+Minority+Women&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Fnewsite%2FPrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D158165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaj2021" class="citation book cs1">Raj, Rishi (1 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VJLPDAAAQBAJ&q=begum+hazrat+mahal"><i>50 Great Freedom Fighters: 50 Great Freedom Fighters by Rishi Raj: 50 Great Freedom Fighters - Heroes of India's Independence Struggle</i></a>. Prabhat Prakashan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=50+Great+Freedom+Fighters%3A+50+Great+Freedom+Fighters+by+Rishi+Raj%3A+50+Great+Freedom+Fighters+-+Heroes+of+India%27s+Independence+Struggle&rft.pub=Prabhat+Prakashan&rft.date=2021-01-01&rft.aulast=Raj&rft.aufirst=Rishi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVJLPDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbegum%2Bhazrat%2Bmahal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABegum+Hazrat+Mahal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Begum_Hazrat_Mahal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/begum-hazrat-mahal.html">Begum Hazrat Mahal Biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oudh.tripod.com/1857/begum.htm">1857 – India's Struggle for Freedom – Begum Hazrat Mahal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070510/1857/main4.htm">People took charge in Awadh</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120808112814/http://pd.cpim.org/2007/1014/10142007_1857.htm">LUCKNOW IN 1857–58: THE EPIC SIEGE</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725025549/http://www.nehru-centre.org/newsletters/2007/newsletternovember2007.pdf">The 1857 Uprising in the History of Freedom Struggle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/15062001/25.htm">Miserable condition of the grave of a warrior lady</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ae/books?isbn=8182054729">Freedom fighters of India</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/155735968">Begum Hazrat Mahal: Warrior Queen of Awadh</a> by Malathi Ramachandran, published by Niyogi Books</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_independence_movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template talk:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_independence_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_India#Indian_independence_movement_(1885–1947)" title="History of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Porto Grande de Bengala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Dutch Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Battle of Buxar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="First Anglo-Mysore War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anglo-Maratha Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="First Anglo-Maratha War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_campaign" title="Gwalior campaign">Gwalior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygar_Wars" title="Polygar Wars">Polygar Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellore_Mutiny" title="Vellore Mutiny">Vellore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasi_rebellion" title="Sannyasi rebellion">Sannyasi rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Line" title="Radcliffe Line">Radcliffe Line</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:British_India" title="Category:British India">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophies<br />and ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhism" title="Gandhism">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">Muslim nationalism in South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_India" title="Socialism in India">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj" title="Swaraj">Swaraj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and<br /> movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Revolutionary movement for Indian independence">Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_conspiracy_case" title="Delhi conspiracy case">Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Sociologist" title="The Indian Sociologist">The Indian Sociologist</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny" title="1915 Singapore Mutiny">Singapore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Hindu–German Conspiracy">Hindu–German Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaran_Satyagraha" title="Champaran Satyagraha">Champaran Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheda_Satyagraha_of_1918" title="Kheda Satyagraha of 1918">Kheda Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Committee" title="Rowlatt Committee">Rowlatt Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Act" title="Rowlatt Act">Rowlatt Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhali_riots" title="Noakhali riots">Noakhali riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_Plot" title="Christmas Day Plot">Christmas Day Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolie-Begar_movement" title="Coolie-Begar movement">Coolie-Begar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauri_Chaura_incident" title="Chauri Chaura incident">Chauri Chaura incident, 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakori_conspiracy" title="Kakori conspiracy">Kakori conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qissa_Khwani_massacre" title="Qissa Khwani massacre">Qissa Khwani massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Satyagraha" title="Flag Satyagraha">Flag Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardoli_Satyagraha" title="Bardoli Satyagraha">Bardoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Commission" title="Simon Commission">1928 Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Report" title="Nehru Report">Nehru Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Fourteen Points of Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_Swaraj" title="Purna Swaraj">Purna Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharasana_Satyagraha" title="Dharasana Satyagraha">Dharasana Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaranyam_March" title="Vedaranyam March">Vedaranyam March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_armoury_raid" title="Chittagong armoury raid">Chittagong armoury raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi%E2%80%93Irwin_Pact" title="Gandhi–Irwin Pact">Gandhi–Irwin Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Round table conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Act of 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundh_Experiment" title="Aundh Experiment">Aundh Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Legion" title="Indian Legion">Indian Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cripps_Mission" title="Cripps Mission">Cripps Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy_mutiny" title="Royal Indian Navy mutiny">Bombay Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_strikes_of_1946" title="Royal Air Force strikes of 1946">Royal Air Force strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_Yanaon" title="Coup d'état of Yanaon">Coup d'état of Yanaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_India" title="Provisional Government of India">Provisional Government of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_States_Peoples%27_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="All India States Peoples' Conference">Praja Mandala movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Pact" title="Lucknow Pact">Lucknow Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Kisan_Sabha" title="All India Kisan Sabha">All India Kisan Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Committee" title="Berlin Committee">Berlin Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Movement" title="Ghadar Movement">Ghadar Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association" title="Hindustan Socialist Republican Association">Hindustan Socialist Republican Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="History of the Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_House" title="India House">India House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Home_Rule_movement" title="Indian Home Rule movement">Indian Home Rule movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_League" title="Indian Independence League">Indian Independence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugantar" title="Jugantar">Jugantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaksar_movement" title="Khaksar movement">Khaksar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudai_Khidmatgar" title="Khudai Khidmatgar">Khudai Khidmatgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Party" title="Swaraj Party">Swaraj Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_movement" title="Category:Indian independence movement">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social<br />reformers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Vaidyanatha_Iyer" title="A. Vaidyanatha Iyer">A. Vaidyanatha Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayya_Vaikundar" title="Ayya Vaikundar">Ayya Vaikundar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyankali" title="Ayyankali">Ayyankali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Subramania_Iyer" title="G. Subramania Iyer">G. Subramania Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazulu_Lakshminarasu_Chetty" title="Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty">Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Ganesh_Agarkar" title="Gopal Ganesh Agarkar">Gopal Ganesh Agarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Hari_Deshmukh" title="Gopal Hari Deshmukh">Gopal Hari Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopaldas_Ambaidas_Desai" title="Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai">Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishwar_Chandra_Vidyasagar" title="Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Kripalani" title="J. B. Kripalani">J. B. Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandukuri_Veeresalingam" title="Kandukuri Veeresalingam">Kandukuri Veeresalingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Govind_Ranade" title="Mahadev Govind Ranade">Mahadev Govind Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muthulakshmi_Reddy" title="Muthulakshmi Reddy">Muthulakshmi Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niralamba_Swami" title="Niralamba Swami">Niralamba Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandita_Ramabai" title="Pandita Ramabai">Pandita Ramabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periyar" title="Periyar">Periyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettamalai_Srinivasan" title="Rettamalai Srinivasan">Rettamalai Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitribai_Phule" title="Savitribai Phule">Savitribai Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahu_of_Kolhapur" title="Shahu of Kolhapur">Shahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan">Syed Ahmad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakkom_Moulavi" title="Vakkom Moulavi">Vakkom Moulavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthal_Ramji_Shinde" title="Vitthal Ramji Shinde">Vitthal Ramji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence<br /> activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accamma_Cherian" title="Accamma Cherian">Accamma Cherian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achyut_Patwardhan" title="Achyut Patwardhan">Achyut Patwardhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alluri_Sitarama_Raju" title="Alluri Sitarama Raju">Alluri Sitarama Raju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Maharana" title="Annapurna Maharana">Annapurna Maharana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Singh" title="Kunwar Singh">Babu Kunwar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagha_Jatin" title="Bagha Jatin">Bagha Jatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakht_Khan" title="Bakht Khan">Bakht Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basawon_Singh" title="Basawon Singh">Basawon Singh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Begum Hazrat Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathidasan" title="Bharathidasan">Bharathidasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavabhushan_Mitra" title="Bhavabhushan Mitra">Bhavabhushan Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikaiji_Cama" title="Bhikaiji Cama">Bhikaiji Cama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendra_Kumar_Datta" title="Bhupendra Kumar Datta">Bhupendra Kumar Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy" title="Bidhan Chandra Roy">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Chandra_Pal" title="Bipin Chandra Pal">Bipin Chandra Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar_Azad" title="Chandra Shekhar Azad">Chandra Shekhar Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetram_Jatav" title="Chetram Jatav">Chetram Jatav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das" title="Chittaranjan Das">Chittaranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhan_Singh" title="Dhan Singh">Dhan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukkipati_Nageswara_Rao" title="Dukkipati Nageswara Rao">Dukkipati Nageswara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gopal Krishna Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Har Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemu_Kalani" title="Hemu Kalani">Hemu Kalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inayatullah_Khan_Mashriqi" title="Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi">Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Mohan_Sengupta" title="Jatindra Mohan Sengupta">Jatindra Mohan Sengupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Nath_Das" title="Jatindra Nath Das">Jatindra Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaiyalal_Maneklal_Munshi" title="Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi">Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudiram_Bose" title="Khudiram Bose">Khudiram Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Krishna_Sinha" title="Shri Krishna Sinha">Shri Krishna Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Bhaktavatsalam" title="M. Bhaktavatsalam">M. Bhaktavatsalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Roy" title="M. N. Roy">M. N. Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghfoor_Ahmad_Ajazi" title="Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi">Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadaji_Shinde" title="Mahadaji Shinde">Mahadaji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Pandey" title="Mangal Pandey">Mangal Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Qasim" title="Mir Qasim">Mir Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithuben_Petit" title="Mithuben Petit">Mithuben Petit‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar" title="Mohammad Ali Jauhar">Mohammad Ali Jauhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Mansoor_Ansari" title="Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari">Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagnath_Naikwadi" title="Nagnath Naikwadi">Nagnath Naikwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Fadnavis" title="Nana Fadnavis">Nana Fadnavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Saheb_Peshwa_II" title="Nana Saheb Peshwa II">Nana Saheb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Kakkan" title="P. Kakkan">P. Kakkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Chaki" title="Prafulla Chaki">Prafulla Chaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritilata_Waddedar" title="Pritilata Waddedar">Pritilata Waddedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Ahmed_Kidwai" title="Rafi Ahmed Kidwai">Rafi Ahmed Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaswamy_Venkataraman" title="Ramaswamy Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Sankrityayan" title="Rahul Sankrityayan">Rahul Sankrityayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismil" title="Ram Prasad Bismil">Ram Prasad Bismil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_of_Jhansi" title="Rani of Jhansi">Rani Lakshmibai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Bose" title="Rash Behari Bose">Rash Behari Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangolli_Rayanna" title="Sangolli Rayanna">Sangolli Rayanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu">Sarojini Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyapal_Dang" title="Satyapal Dang">Satyapal Dang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuja-ud-Daula" title="Shuja-ud-Daula">Shuja-ud-Daula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyamji_Krishna_Varma" title="Shyamji Krishna Varma">Shyamji Krishna Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_of_Pagaro_VI" title="Pir of Pagaro VI">Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_ud-Daulah" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraj ud-Daulah">Siraj ud-Daulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramania_Bharati" title="Subramania Bharati">Subramania Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramaniya_Siva" title="Subramaniya Siva">Subramaniya Siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Sen" title="Surya Sen">Surya Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Rani_Srivastava" title="Tara Rani Srivastava">Tara Rani Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarak_Nath_Das" title="Tarak Nath Das">Tarak Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatya_Tope" title="Tatya Tope">Tatya Tope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruppur_Kumaran" title="Tiruppur Kumaran">Tiruppur Kumaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._O._Chidambaram_Pillai" title="V. O. Chidambaram Pillai">V. O. Chidamabaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanchinathan" title="Vanchinathan">Vanchinathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeran_Sundaralingam" title="Veeran Sundaralingam">Veeran Sundaralingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virendranath_Chattopadhyaya" title="Virendranath Chattopadhyaya">Virendranath Chattopadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Holkar" title="Yashwantrao Holkar">Yashwantrao Holkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogendra_Shukla" title="Yogendra Shukla">Yogendra Shukla</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_activists" title="Category:Indian independence activists">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">Wavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Thesiger,_1st_Viscount_Chelmsford" title="Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_1st_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto">Minto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Broun-Ramsay,_1st_Marquess_of_Dalhousie" title="James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie">Dalhousie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Earl_of_Lytton" title="Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton">Lytton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Clive" title="Robert Clive">Clive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Outram,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet">Outram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hope,_2nd_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" title="Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow">Linlithgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Hastings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Cabinet_Mission_to_India" title="1946 Cabinet Mission to India">Cabinet Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of India (1947–present)">Republic of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Indian annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Political integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Conference" title="Simla Conference">Simla Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lucknow_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lucknow" title="Template:Lucknow"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lucknow" title="Template talk:Lucknow"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lucknow" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lucknow"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lucknow_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighbourhoods of Lucknow</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alambagh" title="Alambagh">Alambagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awadh" title="Awadh">Awadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badshah_Nagar" title="Badshah Nagar">Badshah Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilkusha" title="Dilkusha">Dilkusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomti_Nagar" title="Gomti Nagar">Gomti Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosainganj,_Lucknow" title="Gosainganj, Lucknow">Gosainganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Nagar,_Lucknow" title="Indira Nagar, Lucknow">Indira Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itaunja" title="Itaunja">Itaunja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakori" title="Kakori">Kakori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malihabad" title="Malihabad">Malihabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Road_(Lucknow)" title="Mahatma Gandhi Road (Lucknow)">MG Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahona" title="Mahona">Mahona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvodaya_Nagar" title="Sarvodaya Nagar">Sarvodaya Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Gomti_area" title="Trans-Gomti area">Trans-Gomti area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings, <br />landmarks <br />and parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Residency,_Lucknow" title="The Residency, Lucknow">The Residency, Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambedkar_Memorial_Park" title="Ambedkar Memorial Park">Ambedkar Memorial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bara_Imambara" title="Bara Imambara">Bara Imambara</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Begum Hazrat Mahal Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chota_Imambara" title="Chota Imambara">Chota Imambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilkusha_Kothi" title="Dilkusha Kothi">Dilkusha Kothi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husainabad_Clock_Tower" title="Husainabad Clock Tower">Husainabad Clock Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankat_Mochan_Hanuman_Temple,_Lucknow" title="Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple, Lucknow">Hanuman Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janeshwar_Mishra_Park" title="Janeshwar Mishra Park">Janeshwar Mishra Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed_Baradari" title="Safed Baradari">Safed Baradari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukrail_Reserve_Forest" title="Kukrail Reserve Forest">Kukrail Crocodile Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Martini%C3%A8re_College,_Lucknow" title="La Martinière College, Lucknow">La Martinière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab_Wajid_Ali_Shah_Prani_Udyan" title="Nawab Wajid Ali Shah Prani Udyan">Nawab Wajid Ali Shah Prani Udyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Botanical_Research_Institute" title="National Botanical Research Institute">National Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Bhavan,_Lucknow" title="Raj Bhavan, Lucknow">Raj Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_Darwaza" title="Rumi Darwaza">Rumi Darwaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imambara_Shah_Najaf" title="Imambara Shah Najaf">Imambara Shah Najaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramakrishna_Math,_Lucknow" title="Sri Ramakrishna Math, Lucknow">Sri Ramakrishna Math, Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Museum_Lucknow" class="mw-redirect" title="State Museum Lucknow">State Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidhan_Bhavan,_Lucknow" title="Vidhan Bhavan, Lucknow">Vidhan Bhavan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaudhary_Charan_Singh_International_Airport" title="Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport">Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Metro" title="Lucknow Metro">Lucknow Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabanki%E2%80%93Lucknow_Suburban_Railway" title="Barabanki–Lucknow Suburban Railway">Barabanki–Lucknow Suburban Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow%E2%80%93Kanpur_Suburban_Railway" title="Lucknow–Kanpur Suburban Railway">Lucknow–Kanpur Suburban Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Charbagh_railway_station" title="Lucknow Charbagh railway station">Lucknow Charbagh railway station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_City_Transport_Services" title="Lucknow City Transport Services">Lucknow City Transport Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpur_Lucknow_Roadways_Service" title="Kanpur Lucknow Roadways Service">Kanpur Lucknow Roadways Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Famous roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaheed_Path" title="Shaheed Path">Shaheed Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohia_path" title="Lohia path">Lohia path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalidas_Marg" title="Kalidas Marg">Kalidas Marg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwynne_Road" title="Gwynne Road">Gwynne Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Lucknow" title="List of mayors of Lucknow">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_City_Police#Commissioners_of_Lucknow_City_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucknow City Police">Police Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Municipal_Corporation" title="Lucknow Municipal Corporation">Lucknow Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_City_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucknow City Police">Lucknow City Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Development_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucknow Development Authority">Lucknow Development Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Educational<br />Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Martini%C3%A8re_College,_Lucknow" title="La Martinière College, Lucknow">La Martinière College, Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Francis%27_College" title="St. Francis' College">St. Francis' College</a></li> <li>Colvin Taluqdars' College</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Lucknow" title="Indian Institute of Management Lucknow">Indian Institute of Management Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George%27s_Medical_University" title="King George's Medical University">King George's Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Gandhi_Postgraduate_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences">Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lucknow" title="University of Lucknow">University of Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babasaheb_Bhimrao_Ambedkar_University" title="Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University">Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._A.P.J._Abdul_Kalam_Technical_University" title="Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University">Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekana_Cricket_Stadium" title="Ekana Cricket Stadium">Ekana Cricket Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._D._Singh_Babu_Stadium,_Lucknow" title="K. D. Singh Babu Stadium, Lucknow">K. D. Singh Babu Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Ground_(University_of_Lucknow)" title="University Ground (University of Lucknow)">University Ground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Lucknow" title="Category:Lucknow">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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