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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Funding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Headquarters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Headquarters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Headquarters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Headquarters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Headquarters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Headquarters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Green_Book" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_Book"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Green Book</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_Book-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blue_Book" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blue_Book"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Blue Book</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blue_Book-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Internal structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Internal_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Internal structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Internal_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kashag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kashag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Kashag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kashag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Media activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Foreign relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Tibetan Administration</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="الإدارة المركزية للتبت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإدارة المركزية للتبت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alministraci%C3%B3n_Central_Tibetana" title="Alministración Central Tibetana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alministración Central Tibetana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dng-j%C3%AEn_H%C3%AAng-ch%C3%A8ng_Tiong-iong" title="Chōng-jîn Hêng-chèng Tiong-iong – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chōng-jîn Hêng-chèng Tiong-iong" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D2%99%D3%99%D0%BA_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Үҙәк Тибет хөкүмәте – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Үҙәк Тибет хөкүмәте" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%99%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="བཙན་བྱོལ་བོད་གཞུང་། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བཙན་བྱོལ་བོད་གཞུང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administraci%C3%B3_Central_Tibetana" title="Administració Central Tibetana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Administració Central Tibetana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ast%C5%99edn%C3%AD_tibetsk%C3%A1_spr%C3%A1va" title="Ústřední tibetská správa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ústřední tibetská správa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gweinyddiaeth_Ganolog_Tibet" title="Gweinyddiaeth Ganolog Tibet – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gweinyddiaeth Ganolog Tibet" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetanske_eksilregering" title="Tibetanske eksilregering – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tibetanske eksilregering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetische_Exilregierung" title="Tibetische Exilregierung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tibetische Exilregierung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administraci%C3%B3n_Central_Tibetana" title="Administración Central Tibetana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Administración Central Tibetana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekzilita_tibeta_registaro" title="Ekzilita tibeta registaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekzilita tibeta registaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeteko_Administrazio_Zentrala" title="Tibeteko Administrazio Zentrala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tibeteko Administrazio Zentrala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA" title="دولت مرکزی تبت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دولت مرکزی تبت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administration_centrale_tib%C3%A9taine" title="Administration centrale tibétaine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Administration centrale tibétaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99_%ED%8B%B0%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8_%ED%96%89%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80" title="중앙 티베트 행정부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중앙 티베트 행정부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="केंद्रीय तिब्बती प्रशासन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="केंद्रीय तिब्बती प्रशासन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintahan_Tibet_Pusat" title="Pemerintahan Tibet Pusat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemerintahan Tibet Pusat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amministrazione_centrale_tibetana" title="Amministrazione centrale tibetana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amministrazione centrale tibetana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94" title="הממשלה הטיבטית הגולה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הממשלה הטיבטית הגולה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrin%C4%97_Tibeto_administracija" title="Centrinė Tibeto administracija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Centrinė Tibeto administracija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6zponti_Tibeti_Adminisztr%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Központi Tibeti Adminisztráció – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Központi Tibeti Adminisztráció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="സെൻട്രൽ ടിബറ്റൻ അഡ്മിനിസ്ട്രേഷൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെൻട്രൽ ടിബറ്റൻ അഡ്മിനിസ്ട്രേഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B2%D3%A9%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төвөдийн хилийн чанад дахь Засгийн газар – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төвөдийн хилийн чанад дахь Засгийн газар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetaanse_regering_in_ballingschap" title="Tibetaanse regering in ballingschap – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tibetaanse regering in ballingschap" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9D%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="ガンデンポタン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガンデンポタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administracion_Centrala_Tibetana" title="Administracion Centrala Tibetana – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Administracion Centrala Tibetana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralny_Rz%C4%85d_Tybeta%C5%84ski" title="Centralny Rząd Tybetański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Centralny Rząd Tybetański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Central_Tibetana" title="Administração Central Tibetana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Administração Central Tibetana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Правительство Тибета в изгнании – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Правительство Тибета в изгнании" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Astredn%C3%A1_tibetsk%C3%A1_spr%C3%A1va" title="Ústredná tibetská správa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ústredná tibetská správa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralna_tibetanska_administracija" title="Centralna tibetanska administracija – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Centralna tibetanska administracija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiibetin_pakolaishallitus" title="Tiibetin pakolaishallitus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tiibetin pakolaishallitus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrala_tibetanska_administrationen" title="Centrala tibetanska administrationen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Centrala tibetanska administrationen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamahalaang_Sentral_ng_Tibet" title="Pamahalaang Sentral ng Tibet – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pamahalaang Sentral ng Tibet" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="திபெத்தியர்களின் மைய நிர்வாகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திபெத்தியர்களின் மைய நிர்வாகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="కేంద్రీయ టిబెట్ ప్రభుత్వం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కేంద్రీయ టిబెట్ ప్రభుత్వం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9D%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="ฝ่ายบริหารกลางทิเบต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฝ่ายบริหารกลางทิเบต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkez_Tibet_Y%C3%B6netimi" title="Merkez Tibet Yönetimi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Merkez Tibet Yönetimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Центральна Тибетська Адміністрація – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Центральна Тибетська Адміністрація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADnh_ph%E1%BB%A7_l%C6%B0u_vong_T%C3%A2y_T%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Chính phủ lưu vong Tây Tạng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chính phủ lưu vong Tây Tạng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE" title="藏人行政中央 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="藏人行政中央" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q326343#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tibetan government-in-exile based in India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output 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.infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Central Tibetan Administration</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1106655535">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Jomolhari","Uchen","Noto Serif Tibetan Medium","Noto Serif Tibetan","BabelStone Tibetan Slim","Yagpo Tibetan Uni","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya","Kailash","DDC Uchen","TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","DDC Rinzin","Qomolangma-Woodblock","Qomolangma-Dunhuang"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">བོད་མིའི་སྒྲིག་འཛུགས་</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tibet.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Tibet"><img alt="Flag of Tibet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/125px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/188px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/250px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tibet" title="Flag of Tibet">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Tibet.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Tibet"><img alt="Emblem of Tibet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Emblem_of_Tibet.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Tibet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Emblem_of_Tibet.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Tibet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Emblem_of_Tibet.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Tibet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Tibet" title="Emblem of Tibet"> Emblem</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">བོད་གཞུང་དགའ་ལྡན་ཕོ་བྲང་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ</span><div>"Tibetan Government, Ganden Palace, Victorious in all Directions"</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> བོད་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆེན་པོའི་རྒྱལ་གླུ<br />"<a href="/wiki/Tibetan_National_Anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan National Anthem">Tibetan National Anthem</a>"<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="198" data-mwtitle="Anthem_of_the_Tibetans.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Anthem_of_the_Tibetans.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/Anthem_of_the_Tibetans.ogg/Anthem_of_the_Tibetans.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government-in-exile" title="Government-in-exile">Government-in-exile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital-in-exile</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/McLeod_Ganj" title="McLeod Ganj">McLeod Ganj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dharamshala" title="Dharamshala">Dharamshala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, 176215</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Tibet">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">Presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Sikyong" title="Sikyong">Sikyong</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Penpa_Tsering" title="Penpa Tsering">Penpa Tsering</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Speaker </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Pema Jungney</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration">Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Establishment</th><td class="infobox-data">29 May 2011</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/17_Point_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="17 Point Agreement">17 Point Agreement</a> Rescinded by Tibet </div></th><td class="infobox-data">March 1959</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Tibet Re-establishes the <a href="/wiki/Kashag" title="Kashag">Kashag</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">29 April 1959</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_Tibetans_In-Exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter of the Tibetans In-Exile">Charter of the Tibetans In-Exile</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">14 June 1991</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+5:30</span> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website"><b>Website</b><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tibet.net/">tibet<wbr />.net</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Central Tibetan Administration</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535"><span lang="bo" class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">བོད་མིའི་སྒྲིག་འཛུགས་</span>, <a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a>: <i>Bod mi'i sgrig 'dzugs</i>, <a href="/wiki/THL_Simplified_Phonetic_Transcription" title="THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription">THL</a>: <i>Bömi Drikdzuk</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Tibetan pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">[ˈpʰỳmìː<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʈìʔt͡sùʔ]</a></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Tibetan People's Exile Organization</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-CTA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetan</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_in_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Government in exile">government in exile</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Dharamshala" title="Dharamshala">Dharamshala</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is composed of a <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary branch</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative branch</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive branch</a>, and offers support and services to the Tibetan exile community. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a> formally rescinded the 1951 <a href="/wiki/17_Point_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="17 Point Agreement">17 Point Agreement</a> with China in early March 1959, as he was escaping Tibet for India. On 29 April 1959, the 14th Dalai Lama in exile re-established the <a href="/wiki/Kashag" title="Kashag">Kashag</a>, which was abolished a month earlier by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Government of the People's Republic of China</a> on 28 March 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later became permanent head of the Tibetan Administration and the executive functions for Tibetans-in-exile. On 11 February 1991, Tibet became a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Unrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization" title="Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization">Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization</a> (UNPO) at a ceremony held at the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Palace" title="Peace Palace">Peace Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a> decided no longer to assume administrative authority, the Charter of Tibetans in Exile was updated in May 2011 to repeal all articles relating to his political duties. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_diaspora" title="Tibetan diaspora">Tibetan diaspora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a> support the Central Tibetan Administration by voting for members of its parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Sikyong" title="Sikyong">Sikyong</a>, and by making annual financial contributions through the use of the <a href="/wiki/Green_Book_(Tibetan_document)" title="Green Book (Tibetan document)">Green Book</a>. The Central Tibetan Administration also receives international support from other organizations and individuals. The Central Tibetan Administration authors reports, press releases, and administers a network of schools and other cultural activities for <a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_India#Legal_refugees" title="Refugees in India">Tibetans in India</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Position_on_Status_of_Tibet">Position on Status of Tibet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Position on Status of Tibet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="clear:right; width:360px; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:85%; background:#eee;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6"><div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibet-claims.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cultural/historical, (highlighted) depicted with various competing territorial claims"><img alt="Cultural/historical, (highlighted) depicted with various competing territorial claims" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tibet-claims.jpg/360px-Tibet-claims.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Tibet-claims.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="305" /></a></span> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="height:15px; width:10px; background:#ff4040;">  </td> <td style="width:10px; background:#ff9f40;">  </td> <td style="width:10px; background:#ffff40;">  </td> <td>Greater Tibet as claimed by Tibetan exile groups </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1963, the <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a> promulgated the Constitution of Tibet, and he became permanent <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of Tibet.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, the 14th Dalai Lama rejected calls for Tibetan independence,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he became permanent head of the Tibetan Administration and the executive functions for Tibetans-in-exile in 1991. In 2005, the 14th Dalai Lama emphasized that Tibet is a part of China, and Tibetan culture and Buddhism are part of Chinese culture.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2011, at 71 years of age, he decided not to assume any political and administrative authority, the Charter of Tibetans in Exile was updated immediately in May 2011, and all articles related to regents were also repealed. In 2017, the 14th Dalai Lama restated that Tibet does not seek independence from China but seeks development.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funding">Funding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The funding of the Central Tibetan Administration comes mostly from private donations collected with the help of organisations like the <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Fund" title="Tibet Fund">Tibet Fund</a>, revenue from the <a href="/wiki/Green_Book_(Tibetan_document)" title="Green Book (Tibetan document)">Green Book</a> (the "Tibetan in exile passport")<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and aid from governments like India and the US.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The annual revenue of the Central Tibetan Administration is officially 22 million (measured in US dollars), with the biggest shares going to political activity ($7 million), and administration ($4.5 million).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, according to <a href="/wiki/Michael_Backman" title="Michael Backman">Michael Backman</a>, these sums are "remarkably low" for what the organisation claims to do, and it probably receives millions more in donations. The CTA does not acknowledge such donations or their sources.<sup id="cite_ref-backman_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-backman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a Chinese source, between 1964 and 1968, the U.S. provided 1.735 million dollars to the Dalai Lama's group each year.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1998, The Dalai Lama's administration stated that it had received US$1.7 million a year during the 1960s from the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, the Tibetan Policy Act of 2002 was passed in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">United States Agency for International Development</a> (USAID) awarded a grant of US$23 million to CTA.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> proposed to stop aid to the CTA in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trump's proposal was criticised heavily by members of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> like <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and co-chair of the bipartisan <a href="/wiki/Tom_Lantos_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission">Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim McGovern (U.S. politician)">Jim McGovern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2020, at the annual <a href="/wiki/National_Prayer_Breakfast" title="National Prayer Breakfast">National Prayer Breakfast</a>, Pelosi prayed as Trump attended; "Let us pray for the Panchen Lama and all the Tibetan Buddhists in prison in China or missing for following their faith".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Headquarters">Headquarters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Headquarters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetan_Library_Dharamsala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tibetan_Library_Dharamsala.jpg/262px-Tibetan_Library_Dharamsala.jpg" decoding="async" width="262" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tibetan_Library_Dharamsala.jpg/393px-Tibetan_Library_Dharamsala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tibetan_Library_Dharamsala.jpg/524px-Tibetan_Library_Dharamsala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>The Central Tibetan Administration is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/McLeod_Ganj" title="McLeod Ganj">McLeod Ganj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dharamshala" title="Dharamshala">Dharamshala</a>, India. It represents the people of the entire <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai province</a>, as well as two Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures and one Tibetan Autonomous County in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> Province, one Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and one Tibetan Autonomous County in <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> Province and one Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> Province<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – all of which is termed "Historic Tibet" by the CTA. </p><p>The CTA attends to the welfare of the Tibetan exile community in India, who number around 100,000. It runs schools, health services, cultural activities and economic development projects for the Tibetan community. As of 2003, more than 1,000 refugees still arrive each year from China,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually via <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_Book">Green Book</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Green Book"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Green_Book_(Tibetan_document)" title="Green Book (Tibetan document)">Green Book (Tibetan document)</a></div> <p>Tibetans living outside Tibet can apply at a Central Tibetan Administration office in their country of residence for a personal document called the <i><a href="/wiki/Green_Book_(Tibetan_document)" title="Green Book (Tibetan document)">Green Book</a></i>, which serves as a receipt book for the person's "voluntary contributions" to the CTA and the evidence of their claims for "Tibetan citizenship".<sup id="cite_ref-gb_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gb-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For this purpose, CTA defines a Tibetan as "any person born in Tibet, or any person with one parent who was born in Tibet." As Tibetan refugees often lack documents attesting to their place of birth, the eligibility is usually established by an interview.<sup id="cite_ref-gb_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gb-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blue_Book">Blue Book</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Blue Book"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Blue Book or Tibetan Solidarity Partnership is a project by Central Tibetan Administration, in which the CTA issues any supporter of Tibet who is of age 18 years or more a Blue Book. This initiative enables supporters of Tibet worldwide to make financial contributions to help the administration in supporting educational, cultural, developmental and humanitarian activities related to Tibetan children and refugees. The book is issued at various CTA offices worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internal_structure">Internal structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Internal structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SamdhongRinpoche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/SamdhongRinpoche.jpg/220px-SamdhongRinpoche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/SamdhongRinpoche.jpg/330px-SamdhongRinpoche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/SamdhongRinpoche.jpg/440px-SamdhongRinpoche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="727" /></a><figcaption>The former chairman of the Cabinet of the CTA, <a href="/wiki/Samdhong_Rinpoche" title="Samdhong Rinpoche">Samdhong Rinpoche</a>, addresses a fundraising dinner in Sydney, Australia, February 2006</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penpa_Tsering_-_Sikyong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Penpa_Tsering_-_Sikyong.jpg/220px-Penpa_Tsering_-_Sikyong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Penpa_Tsering_-_Sikyong.jpg/330px-Penpa_Tsering_-_Sikyong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Penpa_Tsering_-_Sikyong.jpg/440px-Penpa_Tsering_-_Sikyong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3407" data-file-height="4202" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Penpa_Tsering" title="Penpa Tsering">Penpa Tsering</a>, current <a href="/wiki/Sikyong" title="Sikyong">Sikyong</a> of the CTA</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2013%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C(%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE)%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%8B%9C%E6%9C%83%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83(%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2)_TIBETAN_Minister_of_Finance_visited_TAIWANESE_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/2013%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%28%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%29%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%8B%9C%E6%9C%83%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%28%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%29_TIBETAN_Minister_of_Finance_visited_TAIWANESE_Congress.jpg/220px-2013%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%28%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%29%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%8B%9C%E6%9C%83%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%28%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%29_TIBETAN_Minister_of_Finance_visited_TAIWANESE_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/2013%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%28%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%29%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%8B%9C%E6%9C%83%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%28%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%29_TIBETAN_Minister_of_Finance_visited_TAIWANESE_Congress.jpg/330px-2013%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%28%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%29%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%8B%9C%E6%9C%83%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%28%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%29_TIBETAN_Minister_of_Finance_visited_TAIWANESE_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/2013%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%28%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%29%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%8B%9C%E6%9C%83%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%28%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%29_TIBETAN_Minister_of_Finance_visited_TAIWANESE_Congress.jpg/440px-2013%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%28%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%29%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E6%8B%9C%E6%9C%83%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%28%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%29_TIBETAN_Minister_of_Finance_visited_TAIWANESE_Congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Finance Kalon <a href="/wiki/Tsering_Dhondup" title="Tsering Dhondup">Tsering Dhondup</a> (front row, second from left) visited <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan</a> in 2013</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="anchor" id="Charter_of_the_Tibetans_In-Exile"></span>The Central Tibetan Administration currently operates under the "Charter of the Tibetans In-Exile", adopted in 1991, amended in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-CharterOfTibet_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CharterOfTibet-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Executive authority is vested in the <a href="/wiki/Sikyong" title="Sikyong">Sikyong</a>, an office formerly held by <a href="/wiki/Lobsang_Sangay" title="Lobsang Sangay">Lobsang Sangay</a>, who was elected in 2011. The Sikyong is supported by a cabinet of Kalons responsible for specific portfolios. Legislative authority is vested in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration">Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration</a>. </p><p>The Central Tibetan Administration's Department of Finance is made of seven departments and several special offices. Until 2003, it operated 24 businesses, including publishing, hotels, and <a href="/wiki/Handicraft" title="Handicraft">handicrafts</a> distribution companies. </p><p>On 29 April 1959, the Dalai Lama re-established the <a href="/wiki/Kashag" title="Kashag">Kashag</a>. In 1963, he promulgated Constitution of Tibet, and he became permanent <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of Tibet. In 1974, he rejected calls for Tibetan independence,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he became permanent head of the Tibetan Administration and the executive functions for Tibetans-in-exile in 1991. On 10 March 2011, at 71 years of age, he decided not to assume any political and administrative authority, the Charter of Tibetans in Exile was updated immediately in May 2011, and all articles related to regents were also repealed, and position Sikyong was created. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kashag">Kashag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Kashag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable past members of the Cabinet include <a href="/wiki/Gyalo_Thondup" title="Gyalo Thondup">Gyalo Thondup</a>, the Dalai Lama's eldest brother, who served as Chairman of the Cabinet and as Kalon of Security, and <a href="/wiki/Jetsun_Pema_(Tibet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jetsun Pema (Tibet)">Jetsun Pema</a>, the Dalai Lama's younger sister, who served variously as Kalon of Health and of Education.<sup id="cite_ref-backman_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-backman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lobsang_Nyandak" title="Lobsang Nyandak">Lobsang Nyandak Zayul</a> who served as a representative of the 14th Dalai Lama in the Americas<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a multiple cabinet member.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He currently serves as president of <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Fund" title="Tibet Fund">The Tibet Fund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penpa_Tsering" title="Penpa Tsering">Penpa Tsering</a> – Sikyong</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ven_Karma_Gelek_Yuthok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ven Karma Gelek Yuthok (page does not exist)">Ven Karma Gelek Yuthok</a> – Kalon of Religion & Culture</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonam_Topgyal_Khorlatsang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonam Topgyal Khorlatsang (page does not exist)">Sonam Topgyal Khorlatsang</a> – Kalon of Home</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karma_Yeshi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karma Yeshi (page does not exist)">Karma Yeshi</a> – Kalon of Finance</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Pema_Yangchen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr. Pema Yangchen (page does not exist)">Dr. Pema Yangchen</a> – Kalon of Education</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phagpa_Tsering_Labrang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phagpa Tsering Labrang (page does not exist)">Phagpa Tsering Labrang</a> – Kalon of Security</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobsang_Sangay" title="Lobsang Sangay">Lobsang Sangay</a> – Kalon of Information & International Relations</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choekyong_Wangchuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choekyong Wangchuk (page does not exist)">Choekyong Wangchuk</a> – Kalon of Health</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Settlements">Settlements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_diaspora#In_India" title="Tibetan diaspora">Tibetan diaspora § In India</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_India#Tibetan_refugees" title="Refugees in India">Refugees in India § Tibetan refugees</a></div> <p>The Central Tibetan Administration, together with the Indian government, has constructed more than 45 "settlements" in India for Tibetan refugees as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The establishment of the Tibetan Re-settlement and Rehabilitation (TRR) settlements began in 1966,<sup id="cite_ref-Pulman_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pulman-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 120, 127–131">: 120, 127–131 </span></sup> with the TRR settlements in <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darjeeling" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a> becoming officially "protected areas" and requiring special entry permits for entry.<sup id="cite_ref-Pulman_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pulman-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 120">: 120 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_activities">Media activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Media activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 1978 study by <a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Goldstein" title="Melvyn Goldstein">Melvyn Goldstein</a> and a 1983 study by Lynn Pulman on Tibetan communities-in-exile in southern India argue that the CTA adopted a stance of preserving an "idea of return" and fostering the development of an intense feeling of Tibetan cultural and political nationalism among Tibetans" in order to remain a necessary part of the communities.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldstein_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldstein-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 408–410">: 408–410 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pulman_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pulman-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 158–159">: 158–159 </span></sup> They state that this was accomplished through the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Uprising_Day" title="Tibetan Uprising Day">Tibetan Uprising Day</a> holiday, a <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_National_Anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan National Anthem">Tibetan National Anthem</a>, and the CTA control over local Tibetan-language media that promotes the idea of Chinese endeavours to "eradicate the Tibetan race".<sup id="cite_ref-Goldstein_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldstein-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 410–417">: 410–417 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pulman_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pulman-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 159–161">: 159–161 </span></sup> From the 1990s onwards, the CTA used Hollywood films in addition to local media to emphasise the Tibetan exile struggle, secure the loyalty of Tibetans both in exile and in Tibet, promote Tibetan nationalism, and foster the CTA's legitimacy to act in the name of the entire Tibetan nation.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Central Tibetan Authority is not recognised as a sovereign government by any country, but it receives financial aid from governments and international organisations for its welfare work among the Tibetan exile community in India.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1991, United States President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> signed a Congressional Act that explicitly called Tibet "an occupied country", and identified the Dalai Lama and his administration as "Tibet's true representatives".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1998 the Dalai Lama's administration issued a statement acknowledging the Dalai Lama Group received US$1.7 million a year during the 1960s from the U.S. government through the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> used to train volunteers, run guerrilla operations against the Chinese, and used to open offices and for international lobbying. A guerrilla force was reportedly trained at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Hale" title="Camp Hale">Camp Hale</a> in Colorado.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his administration, United States President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> supported Middle Way Policy of the Central Tibetan Administration<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and met with the Dalai Lama four times,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including at the 2015 annual National Prayer Breakfast.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Biden_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden Administration">Biden Administration</a> pledged its support for the CTA, to which a representative expressed gratitude.<sup id="cite_ref-rfa_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfa-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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title="Inner Mongolian People's Party">Inner Mongolian People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chushi_Gangdruk" title="Chushi Gangdruk">Chushi Gangdruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration">Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Accord_(1914)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simla Accord (1914)">Simla Treaty</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CTA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CTA_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100803041342/http://www.tibet.net/en/index.php?id=14">"Central Tibetan Administration"</a>. [Central Tibetan Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tibet.net/en/index.php?id=14">the original</a> on 3 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Central+Tibetan+Administration&rft.pub=%5BCentral+Tibetan+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tibet.net%2Fen%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/29/tibet-dying-a-slow-death-under-chinese-rule-says-exiled-leader">"Tibet dying a 'slow death' under Chinese rule, says exiled leader"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Tibet+dying+a+%27slow+death%27+under+Chinese+rule%2C+says+exiled+leader&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F3%2F29%2Ftibet-dying-a-slow-death-under-chinese-rule-says-exiled-leader&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://sites.fas.harvard.edu/~hpcws/jcws.2006.8.3.pdf">https://sites.fas.harvard.edu/~hpcws/jcws.2006.8.3.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170129054317/http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hpcws/jcws.2006.8.3.pdf">Archived</a> 29 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044336/http://www.tibet.cn/wap/news/focus/1458278498557.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">外交部：中方从来不承认所谓的西藏"流亡政府"</bdi></a> [Ministry of Foreign Affairs: China has never recognized the so-called "government in exile" in Tibet]. <bdi lang="zh">中国西藏网</bdi> (in Chinese). 18 March 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tibet.cn/wap/news/focus/1458278498557.shtml">the original</a> on 29 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%B9%E4%BB%8E%E6%9D%A5%E4%B8%8D%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E6%89%80%E8%B0%93%E7%9A%84%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%22%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%22&rft.date=2016-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tibet.cn%2Fwap%2Fnews%2Ffocus%2F1458278498557.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=etOVRV2Lr6oC&pg=PA53"><bdi lang="zh">十四世达赖喇嘛</bdi></a>. 五洲传播出版社. 1977. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-80113-298-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-80113-298-7"><bdi>978-7-80113-298-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B&rft.pub=%E4%BA%94%E6%B4%B2%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-7-80113-298-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DetOVRV2Lr6oC%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unpo.org/members.php">"Members"</a>. UNPO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Members&rft.pub=UNPO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unpo.org%2Fmembers.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/longform/dalai-lama-60-year-exile/">"The Dalai Lama Has Been the Face of Buddhism for 60 Years. China Wants to Change That"</a>. <i>Time</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Dalai+Lama+Has+Been+the+Face+of+Buddhism+for+60+Years.+China+Wants+to+Change+That&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2Flongform%2Fdalai-lama-60-year-exile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cecc.gov/publications/commission-analysis/dalai-lama-tibet-is-a-part-of-the-peoples-republic-of-china">https://www.cecc.gov/publications/commission-analysis/dalai-lama-tibet-is-a-part-of-the-peoples-republic-of-china</a> DALAI LAMA: "TIBET IS A PART OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tibet-wants-to-stay-with-china-seeks-development-dalai-lama/articleshow/61767198.cms?from=mdr">"Tibet wants to stay with China, seeks development: Dalai Lama"</a>. <i>The Economic Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Tibet+wants+to+stay+with+China%2C+seeks+development%3A+Dalai+Lama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Ftibet-wants-to-stay-with-china-seeks-development-dalai-lama%2Farticleshow%2F61767198.cms%3Ffrom%3Dmdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcConnell2016" class="citation book cs1">McConnell, Fiona (7 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wkE1CAAAQBAJ"><i>Rehearsing the State: The Political Practices of the Tibetan Government-in-Exile</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-66123-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-66123-9"><bdi>978-1-118-66123-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rehearsing+the+State%3A+The+Political+Practices+of+the+Tibetan+Government-in-Exile&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2016-03-07&rft.isbn=978-1-118-66123-9&rft.aulast=McConnell&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwkE1CAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNamgyal2013" class="citation news cs1">Namgyal, Tsewang (28 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170927113832/http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=33499">"Central Tibetan Administration's Financial Viability"</a>. Phayul. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=33499">the original</a> on 27 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Central+Tibetan+Administration%27s+Financial+Viability&rft.date=2013-05-28&rft.aulast=Namgyal&rft.aufirst=Tsewang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phayul.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.aspx%3Fid%3D33499&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Tibetan_Administration2011" class="citation web cs1">Central Tibetan Administration (30 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tibet.net/department/finance/">"Department of Finance"</a>. <i>Central Tibetan Administration</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Tibetan+Administration&rft.atitle=Department+of+Finance&rft.date=2011-06-30&rft.au=Central+Tibetan+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftibet.net%2Fdepartment%2Ffinance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-backman-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-backman_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-backman_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBackman2007" class="citation news cs1">Backman, Michael (23 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/business/behind-dalai-lamas-holy-cloak/2007/05/22/1179601410290.html">"Behind Dalai Lama's holy cloak"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Behind+Dalai+Lama%27s+holy+cloak&rft.date=2007-03-23&rft.aulast=Backman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fbehind-dalai-lamas-holy-cloak%2F2007%2F05%2F22%2F1179601410290.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130708042656/http://gb.cri.cn/12764/2008/04/11/2945@2016740.htm"><bdi lang="zh">美印出资养活达赖集团 – 世界新闻报 – 国际在线</bdi></a>. <i>gb.CRI.cn</i> (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gb.cri.cn/12764/2008/04/11/2945@2016740.htm">the original</a> on 8 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2017</span>. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">美国政府的一份解密文件显示，1964至1968年，美国给予达赖集团的财政拨款每年达173.5万美元，其中包括给达赖喇嘛个人津贴18万美元</span></span></q> [A declassified document from the U.S. government shows that from 1964 to 1968, the U.S. financial allocation to the Dalai Group amounted to $1.735 million per year, including a personal allowance of $180,000 to the Dalai Lama.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gb.CRI.cn&rft.atitle=%E7%BE%8E%E5%8D%B0%E5%87%BA%E8%B5%84%E5%85%BB%E6%B4%BB%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2+%E2%80%93+%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E6%8A%A5+%E2%80%93+%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgb.cri.cn%2F12764%2F2008%2F04%2F11%2F2945%402016740.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/02/world/world-news-briefs-dalai-lama-group-says-it-got-money-from-cia.html">"World News Briefs; Dalai Lama Group Says It Got Money From C.I.A."</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. The Associated Press. 2 October 1998. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=World+News+Briefs%3B+Dalai+Lama+Group+Says+It+Got+Money+From+C.I.A.&rft.date=1998-10-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F10%2F02%2Fworld%2Fworld-news-briefs-dalai-lama-group-says-it-got-money-from-cia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rpt/20699.htm">"Tibetan Policy Act of 2002"</a>. <i>2001-2009.State.gov</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2020</span>. <q>Choglamsar, one of more than 45 "settlements" – special colonies for Tibetan refugees – constructed by the Central Tibetan Authority (CTA), the Tibetan government-in-exile and Indian authorities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Tibetan+SFF+soldier+killed+on+India-China+border+told+family%3A+%27we+are+finally+fighting+our+enemy%27&rft.date=2020-09-24&rft.aulast=Punohit&rft.aufirst=Kunal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscmp.com%2Fweek-asia%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F3102744%2Ftibetan-sff-soldier-killed-india-china-border-told-family-we-are&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pulman-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pulman_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pulman_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pulman_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pulman_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPulman1983" class="citation journal cs1">Pulman, Lynn (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/kailash/pdf/kailash_10_0102_04.pdf">"Tibetans in Karnataka"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kailash:_A_Journal_of_Himalayan_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Kailash: A Journal of Himalayan Studies">Kailash</a></i>. <b>10</b> (1–2): 119–171.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kailash&rft.atitle=Tibetans+in+Karnataka&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=119-171&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Pulman&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk%2Fcollections%2Fjournals%2Fkailash%2Fpdf%2Fkailash_10_0102_04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldstein-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goldstein_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldstein_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Goldstein" title="Melvyn Goldstein">Goldstein, Melvyn C.</a> (1978). "Ethnogenesis and resource competition among Tibetan refugees in South India: A new face to the Indo-Tibetan interface". In Fisher, James F. (ed.). <i>Himalayan Anthropology: The Indo-Tibetan Interface</i>. <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gruyter" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Gruyter">Walter de Gruyter</a>. pp. 395–420.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ethnogenesis+and+resource+competition+among+Tibetan+refugees+in+South+India%3A+A+new+face+to+the+Indo-Tibetan+interface&rft.btitle=Himalayan+Anthropology%3A+The+Indo-Tibetan+Interface&rft.pages=395-420&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Melvyn+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRömer2008" class="citation book cs1">Römer, Stephanie (2008). <i>The Tibetan Government-in-Exile: Politics at Large</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 150–152.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tibetan+Government-in-Exile%3A+Politics+at+Large&rft.pages=150-152&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=R%C3%B6mer&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_Reporter2020" class="citation web cs1">Staff Reporter (21 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tibet.net/us-congress-sanctions-new-19-million-fund-for-diaspora-tibetan-communities/">"US Congress sanctions $9 million fund for strengthening CTA and Tibetan community in exile"</a>. <i>Central Tibetan Administration</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Tibetan+Administration&rft.atitle=US+Congress+sanctions+%249+million+fund+for+strengthening+CTA+and+Tibetan+community+in+exile&rft.date=2020-01-21&rft.au=Staff+Reporter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftibet.net%2Fus-congress-sanctions-new-19-million-fund-for-diaspora-tibetan-communities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tibetfund.org/links/">"The Tibet Fund » Links"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Tibet+Fund+%C2%BB+Links&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftibetfund.org%2Flinks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldstein, Melvyn C., The Snow Lion and the Dragon, University of California Press, 1997, p. 119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConboyMorrison,_James2002" class="citation book cs1">Conboy, Kenneth; Morrison, James (2002). <i>The CIA's Secret War in Tibet</i>. Lawrence, Kansas: Univ. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tibet.net/his-holiness-the-dalai-lama-and-former-us-president-barack-obama-meet-in-delhi-call-for-action-for-world-peace/">the original</a> on 3 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=His+Holiness+the+Dalai+Lama+and+Former+US+President+Barack+Obama+meet+in+Delhi%2C+call+for+action+for+World+Peace&rft.au=Staff+Reporter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftibet.net%2Fhis-holiness-the-dalai-lama-and-former-us-president-barack-obama-meet-in-delhi-call-for-action-for-world-peace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaphel2015" class="citation web cs1">Gaphel, Tenzin (4 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tibetexpress.net/1051/his-holiness-arrives-in-washington-for-annual-national-prayer-breakfast/">"His Holiness arrives in Washington for annual National Prayer Breakfast"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=His+Holiness+arrives+in+Washington+for+annual+National+Prayer+Breakfast&rft.date=2015-02-04&rft.aulast=Gaphel&rft.aufirst=Tenzin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftibetexpress.net%2F1051%2Fhis-holiness-arrives-in-washington-for-annual-national-prayer-breakfast%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2015" class="citation web cs1">Jackson, David (5 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/02/05/obama-national-prayer-breakfast-dalai-lama/22914569/">"Obama praises Dalai Lama at prayer breakfast"</a>. <i>USA TODAY</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150206005552/http://www.usatoday.com:80/story/news/politics/2015/02/05/obama-national-prayer-breakfast-dalai-lama/22914569/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft.atitle=Obama+praises+Dalai+Lama+at+prayer+breakfast&rft.date=2015-02-05&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2015%2F02%2F05%2Fobama-national-prayer-breakfast-dalai-lama%2F22914569%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfa-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfa_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfa.org/english/news/tibet/support-02032021190444.html">"Biden Administration Promises Continued US Support For Tibet"</a>. <i>Radio Free Asia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Asia&rft.atitle=Biden+Administration+Promises+Continued+US+Support+For+Tibet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfa.org%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Ftibet%2Fsupport-02032021190444.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoemer2008" class="citation book cs1">Roemer, Stephanie (2008). <i>The Tibetan Government-in-Exile</i>. Routledge Advances in South Asian Studies. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-58612-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-58612-2"><bdi>978-0-415-58612-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tibetan+Government-in-Exile&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxon&rft.series=Routledge+Advances+in+South+Asian+Studies&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-415-58612-2&rft.aulast=Roemer&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Tibetan+Administration" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Tibetan_Administration&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Central_Tibetan_Administration" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Central Tibetan Administration">Central Tibetan Administration</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tibet.net/">Central Tibetan Administration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tibet_topics" title="Template:Tibet topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tibet_topics" title="Template talk:Tibet topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tibet_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tibet topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tibet_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Tibet-related_articles" title="Index of Tibet-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tibet" title="History of Tibet">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tibetan_history" title="Timeline of Tibetan history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Tibet" title="List of rulers of Tibet">List of rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_European_exploration_in_Tibet" title="History of European exploration in Tibet">European exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_money_of_Tibet" title="Historical money of Tibet">Historical money</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Tibet" title="Neolithic Tibet">Prehistory <span style="font-size:85%;">(Neolithic)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhung" title="Zhangzhung">Zhangzhung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_dynasty" title="Yarlung dynasty">Yarlung dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Empire <span style="font-size:85%;">(7th–9th century)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Tibetan_Empire" title="Timeline of the Tibetan Empire">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Tibet" title="List of emperors of Tibet">List of emperors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_L%C3%B6nchen_of_the_Tibetan_Empire" title="List of Lönchen of the Tibetan Empire">Lönchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="Tang–Tibet relations">Relations with Tang <span style="font-size:85%;">(618–907)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Fragmentation" title="Era of Fragmentation">Era of Fragmentation <span style="font-size:85%;">(9th–13th century)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guge" title="Guge">Guge kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsongkha" title="Tsongkha">Tsongkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="Song–Tibet relations">Relations with Song <span style="font-size:85%;">(960–1279)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_under_Yuan_rule" title="Tibet under Yuan rule">Yuan dynasty rule <span style="font-size:85%;">(1270–1350)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Buddhist_and_Tibetan_Affairs" title="Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs">Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phagmodrupa_dynasty" title="Phagmodrupa dynasty">Phagmodrupa dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ming%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="Ming–Tibet relations">Relations with Ming <span style="font-size:85%;">(1368–1644)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinpungpa" title="Rinpungpa">Rinpungpa dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsangpa" title="Tsangpa">Tsangpa dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganden_Phodrang" title="Ganden Phodrang">Ganden Phodrang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashag" title="Kashag">Kashag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut_Khanate" title="Khoshut Khanate">Khoshut Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_under_Qing_rule" title="Tibet under Qing rule">Qing dynasty rule <span style="font-size:85%;">(1720–1912)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lifan_Yuan" title="Lifan Yuan">Lifan Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Qing_ambans_in_Tibet" title="List of Qing ambans in Tibet">List of Qing ambans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Post-Qing to 1950</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Army" title="Tibetan Army">Tibetan Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tibet_(1950%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Tibet (1950–present)">People's Republic of China (PRC) rule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">PRC annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_political_leaders_of_Tibet" title="List of modern political leaders of Tibet">political leaders</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">Wars and<br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_attack_on_Songzhou" title="Tibetan attack on Songzhou">Tibetan attack on Songzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dafei_River" title="Battle of Dafei River">Battle of Dafei River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Tibet" title="Mongol invasions of Tibet">Mongol invasions of Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet%E2%80%93Ladakh%E2%80%93Mughal_war" title="Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war">Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dartsedo" title="Battle of Dartsedo">Battle of Dartsedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Salween_River" title="Battle of the Salween River">Battle of the Salween River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_expedition_to_Tibet_(1720)" title="Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)">Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchuan_campaigns" title="Jinchuan campaigns">Jinchuan campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_riot_of_1750" title="Lhasa riot of 1750">Lhasa riot of 1750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Nepalese_War" title="Sino-Nepalese War">Sino-Nepalese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogra%E2%80%93Tibetan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogra–Tibetan War">Dogra–Tibetan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal-Tibet_War_(1855%E2%80%931856)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal-Tibet War (1855–1856)">Nepal-Tibet War (1855–1856)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_expedition" title="Sikkim expedition">Sikkim expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_expedition_to_Tibet" title="British expedition to Tibet">British expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batang_uprising" title="Batang uprising">Batang uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_expedition_to_Tibet_(1910)" title="Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)">Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Lhasa_turmoil" title="Xinhai Lhasa turmoil">Xinhai Lhasa turmoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Tibetan War">Sino-Tibetan War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai%E2%80%93Tibet_War" title="Qinghai–Tibet War">Qinghai–Tibet War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet">1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Japanese_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet">1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamdo" title="Battle of Chamdo">Battle of Chamdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_and_uprisings_in_Tibet_since_1950" title="Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950">Protests and uprisings since 1950</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_Tibetan_unrest" title="1987–1989 Tibetan unrest">1987–1989 Tibetan unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Tibetan_unrest" title="2008 Tibetan unrest">2008 Tibetan unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-immolation_protests_by_Tibetans_in_China" title="Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China">Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Frontier_Force" title="Special Frontier Force">Special Frontier Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Chronicles#Treaty_of_Tingmosgang_(1684)" title="Ladakh Chronicles">Treaty of Tingmosgang (1684)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13-Article_Ordinance_for_the_More_Effective_Governing_of_Tibet" title="13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet">13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1751)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29-Article_Ordinance_for_the_More_Effective_Governing_of_Tibet" title="29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet">29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1793)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chushul" title="Treaty of Chushul">Treaty of Chushul (1842)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Thapathali" title="Treaty of Thapathali">Treaty of Thapathali (1856)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Calcutta" title="Convention of Calcutta">Convention of Calcutta (1890)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Lhasa" title="Convention of Lhasa">Treaty of Lhasa (1904)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_Between_Great_Britain_and_China_Respecting_Tibet" title="Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet">Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_Convention" title="Anglo-Russian Convention">Anglo-Russian Convention (1907)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_friendship_and_alliance_between_the_Government_of_Mongolia_and_Tibet" title="Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet">Treaty of friendship and alliance with Mongolia (1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Convention" title="Simla Convention">Simla Accord (1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventeen_Point_Agreement" title="Seventeen Point Agreement">Seventeen Point Agreement (1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_Agreement_1954" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Indian Agreement 1954">Sino-Indian Trade Agreement over Tibetan Border (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70,000_Character_Petition" title="70,000 Character Petition">70,000 Character Petition (1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorandum_on_Genuine_Autonomy" title="Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy">Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tibet" title="Geography of Tibet">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Tibet" title="Category:Flora of Tibet">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_Tibet" title="Category:Fauna of Tibet">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_Tibet" title="Category:Environment of Tibet">Environment</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Tibet" title="Category:Mountains of Tibet">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kailash" title="Mount Kailash">Kailash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhotse" title="Lhotse">Lhotse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Changtse" title="Changtse">Changtse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namcha_Barwa" title="Namcha Barwa">Namcha Barwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanggula_Mountains" title="Tanggula Mountains">Tanggula</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rivers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_Tsangpo" title="Yarlung Tsangpo">Yarlung Tsangpo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_Tsangpo_Grand_Canyon" title="Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongbuk_Glacier" title="Rongbuk Glacier">Rongbuk Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changtang" title="Changtang">Changtang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Tang_Nature_Reserve" title="Chang Tang Nature Reserve">Nature Reserve</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Valleys_of_Tibet" title="Category:Valleys of Tibet">Valleys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Traditional regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amdo" title="Amdo">Amdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kham" title="Kham">Kham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9C-Tsang" title="Ü-Tsang">Ü-Tsang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_political_leaders_of_Tibet" title="List of modern political leaders of Tibet">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region <span style="font-size:85%;">(TAR)</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central Tibetan Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration">Parliament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Tibet" title="Etymology of Tibet">Etymology of Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tibet" title="Foreign relations of Tibet">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tibet" title="Human rights in Tibet">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Tibet" title="LGBT rights in Tibet">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patron_and_priest_relationship" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron and priest relationship">Patron and priest relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Urn" title="Golden Urn">Golden Urn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Area_(administrative_division)" title="Tibet Area (administrative division)">Tibet Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement" title="Tibetan independence movement">Independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serfdom_in_Tibet_controversy" title="Serfdom in Tibet controversy">Serfdom controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serfs%27_Emancipation_Day" title="Serfs' Emancipation Day">Serfs' Emancipation Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_sovereignty_debate" title="Tibetan sovereignty debate">Sovereignty debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_Tibetan_program" title="CIA Tibetan program">CIA Tibetan program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="India–Tibet relations">India–Tibet relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibet#Government" title="Tibet">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region#Government" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Regional Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Government_of_Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region">TAR People's Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region_People%27s_Congress" title="Tibet Autonomous Region People's Congress">TAR People's Congress</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tibet" title="Economy of Tibet">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Tibet" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Tibet">Postage and postal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_109" title="China National Highway 109">Qinghai-Tibet Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai%E2%80%93Tibet_railway" title="Qinghai–Tibet railway">Qinghai–Tibet railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Tibet" title="Education in Tibet">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tibet" title="Religion in Tibet">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakya_(Tibetan_Buddhist_school)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakya (Tibetan Buddhist school)">Sakya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Preceptor" title="Imperial Preceptor">Imperial Preceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dpon-chen" title="Dpon-chen">Dpon-chen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingma" title="Nyingma">Nyingma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagyu" title="Kagyu">Kagyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonang" title="Jonang">Jonang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelug" title="Gelug">Gelug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganden_Tripa" title="Ganden Tripa">Ganden Tripa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dalai_Lamas" title="List of Dalai Lamas">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhamo_La-tso" title="Lhamo La-tso">Lhamo La-tso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Panchen_Lamas" title="List of Panchen Lamas">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Tibet" title="Catholic Church in Tibet">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Muslims" title="Tibetan Muslims">Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinicization_of_Tibet" title="Sinicization of Tibet">Sinicization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Tibet" title="Social class in Tibet">Social classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changpa" title="Changpa">Changpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolmo_people" title="Yolmo people">Yolmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_diaspora" title="Tibetan diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_name" title="Tibetan name">Names</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Tibet">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_art" title="Tibetan art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_rug" title="Tibetan rug">rugs</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thangka" title="Thangka">thangka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_tsakli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan tsakli">tsakli</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_mandala" title="Sand mandala">sand mandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_wall_paintings" title="Tibetan Buddhist wall paintings">wall paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murals_on_Tibetan_Buddhist_monasteries" title="Murals on Tibetan Buddhist monasteries">wall murals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzong_architecture" title="Dzong architecture">Dzong architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Tibet" title="Emblem of Tibet">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_festivals" title="Tibetan festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tibet" title="Flag of Tibet">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_National_Historical_and_Cultural_Sites_in_Tibet" title="List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Tibet">Historical and cultural sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khata" title="Khata"><i>Khata</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(ceremonial scarf)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_literature" title="Tibetan literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Annals" title="Tibetan Annals">Annals</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Tibetan_Chronicle" title="Old Tibetan Chronicle">Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tibetan_writers" title="List of Tibetan writers">writers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tibet" title="Music of Tibet">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetology" title="Tibetology">Tibetology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Tibetan_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Tibetan medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Tibet" title="Outline of Tibet">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Tibet-related_articles" title="Index of Tibet-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tibet" title="Category:Tibet">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Central_Tibetan_Administration" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Template:Central Tibetan Administration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Template talk:Central Tibetan Administration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Central Tibetan Administration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Central_Tibetan_Administration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central Tibetan Administration</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikyong" title="Sikyong">Sikyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashag" title="Kashag">Kashag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Tibet" title="National Democratic Party of Tibet">National Democratic Party of Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Tibet" title="People's Party of Tibet">People's Party of Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_National_Congress" title="Tibetan National Congress">Tibetan National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Welfare_Office" title="Tibetan Welfare Office">Tibetan Welfare Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Delek_Hospital" title="Tibetan Delek Hospital">Tibetan Delek Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exile relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Book_(Tibetan_document)" title="Green Book (Tibetan document)">Green Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offices_of_Tibet_(Dharamshala)" title="Offices of Tibet (Dharamshala)">Offices</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tibet_Bureau_(Geneva)" title="Tibet Bureau (Geneva)">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Bureau_(Paris)" title="Tibet Bureau (Paris)">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Religious_Foundation_of_His_Holiness_the_Dalai_Lama" title="Tibet Religious Foundation of His Holiness the Dalai Lama">Taipei</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_National_Anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan National Anthem">Tibetan National Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Uprising_Day" title="Tibetan Uprising Day">Tibetan Uprising Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tibet" title="Flag of Tibet">Flag of Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Tibet" title="Emblem of Tibet">Emblem of Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_sovereignty_debate" title="Tibetan sovereignty debate">Tibetan sovereignty debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement" title="Tibetan independence movement">Tibetan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_diaspora" title="Tibetan diaspora">Tibetan diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Unrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UNPO" title="Template:UNPO"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UNPO" title="Template talk:UNPO"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UNPO" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UNPO"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Unrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Unrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization" title="Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization">Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotseland" title="Barotseland">Barotseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikelan" title="Ikelan">Bellah people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biafra" title="Biafra">Biafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haratin" title="Haratin">Haratin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabylia" title="Kabylia">Kabylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden" title="Ogaden">Ogaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogoni_people" title="Ogoni people">Ogoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromia" title="Oromia">Oromo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basters" title="Basters">Rehoboth Basters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Togoland" title="Western Togoland">Western Togoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambesia" title="Zambesia">Zambesia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UNPO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/UNPO.svg/100px-UNPO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/UNPO.svg/150px-UNPO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/UNPO.svg/200px-UNPO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Aceh_Movement" title="Free Aceh Movement">Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts" title="Chittagong Hill Tracts">Chittagong Hill Tracts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan" title="East Turkestan">East Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit Baltistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kurdistan" title="Iranian Kurdistan">Iranian Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Krom" title="Khmer Krom">Khmer Krom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzestani_Arabs" title="Khuzestani Arabs">Khuzestani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madheshi_people" title="Madheshi people">Madhesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagalim" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagalim">Nagalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Southern Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_South_Maluku" title="Republic of South Maluku">South Moluccas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Southern Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_province" title="Sistan and Baluchestan province">West Balochistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgins" title="Lezgins">Lezghin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_West_Papua" title="Republic of West Papua">West Papuans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326343#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326343#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326343#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/152568968">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Central Tibetan Administration-in-Exile"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4588189-3">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n89297339">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tibet (Gouvernement en exil)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12377152m">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tibet (Gouvernement en exil)"><a 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