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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Construction and structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Construction_and_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Construction and structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Construction_and_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Under_India_Gate,_in_1971" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Under_India_Gate,_in_1971"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Under India Gate, in 1971</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Under_India_Gate,_in_1971-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-At_Amar_Chakra,_in_2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#At_Amar_Chakra,_in_2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amar Jawan Jyoti</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="অমর জওয়ান জ্যোতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অমর জওয়ান জ্যোতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="अमर जवान ज्योति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अमर जवान ज्योति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="അമർ ജവാൻ ജ്യോതി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമർ ജവാൻ ജ്യോതി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3" title="アマル・ジャワン・ジョティ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アマル・ジャワン・ジョティ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਅਮਰ ਜਵਾਨ ਜੋਤੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਮਰ ਜਵਾਨ ਜੋਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="அமர் ஜவான் ஜோதி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமர் ஜவான் ஜோதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="అమర జవాన్ జ్యోతి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అమర జవాన్ జ్యోతి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28172084#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">India's National War Memorial from 1971 to 2019 and Flame of the Immortal Soldier</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Amar Jawan Jyoti</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><div style="background-color:;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid white;width:270px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Gate_020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/India_Gate_020.jpg/270px-India_Gate_020.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/India_Gate_020.jpg/405px-India_Gate_020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/India_Gate_020.jpg/540px-India_Gate_020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_war_memorial_text_at_bottom_of_pillar_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/National_war_memorial_text_at_bottom_of_pillar_%28cropped2%29.jpg/270px-National_war_memorial_text_at_bottom_of_pillar_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/National_war_memorial_text_at_bottom_of_pillar_%28cropped2%29.jpg/405px-National_war_memorial_text_at_bottom_of_pillar_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/National_war_memorial_text_at_bottom_of_pillar_%28cropped2%29.jpg/540px-National_war_memorial_text_at_bottom_of_pillar_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="661" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%"><b> Top Image:</b> Amar Jawan Jyoti under <a href="/wiki/India_Gate" title="India Gate">India Gate</a><br /> <b>Bottom Image:</b> Amar Jawan Jyoti at Amar Chakra of <a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a></div></td></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">For martyrs and soldiers of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em">Established</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>December 1971<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1971-12</span>)</span> under India Gate</li> <li>February 2019<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2019-02</span>)</span> at War Memorial</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em">Unveiled</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>26 January 1972<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1972-01-26</span>)</span> under India Gate</li> <li>25 February 2019<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2019-02-25</span>)</span> at War Memorial</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amar_Jawan_Jyoti&params=28.612_N_77.233_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°36′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°13′59″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.612°N 77.233°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.612; 77.233</span></span></span></a></span></span><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="label">Both monuments at C-Hexagon<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em">Designed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="Indian Army Corps of Engineers">Indian Army Corps of Engineers</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.2em;font-style:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><b>अमर जवान</b><br />(English: "Immortal soldier")</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="font-size:smaller;">Statistics source: <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalwarmemorial.gov.in/">nationalwarmemorial<wbr />.gov<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Amar Jawan Jyoti</b> (<abbr title="literal translation">lit. transl.</abbr><span> Immortal Soldier Flame</span>, or light<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is an Indian <a href="/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial">memorial</a> conceptualised and constructed after the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a> and inaugurated on 26 January 1972. It was the national war memorial in India until February 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the new <a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a> and its own flame was inaugurated and lit.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 January 2022, the older flame was merged with the newer one at National War Memorial.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Amar Jawan Jyoti at India Gate consisted of a base of 15 <a href="/wiki/Square_foot" title="Square foot">square feet</a> with a height of 4 feet 3 inches on which there was a black marble pedestal, a <a href="/wiki/Cenotaph" title="Cenotaph">cenotaph</a>, 3 feet 2 inches in height. "Amar Jawan" was scripted in gold in Hindi on all four sides of the cenotaph and on top, a <a href="/wiki/Reverse_arms" title="Reverse arms">reversed rifle</a> capped by a war helmet. The pedestal was bound by four urns.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On observances the flames were lit accordingly. It was constructed in a short timeframe as per Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> wishes. </p><p>A new flame was installed at the <a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a> to honour all known martyrs of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a> of independent India<i>.</i> It was completed in February 2019 and inaugurated by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> on 25 February with the igniting of the flame<i>.</i> The flame at the center of India Gate was merged with this new one by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Chief of Integrated Defence Staff">Chief of Integrated Defence Staff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Marshal_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Marshal (India)">Air Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Balabhadra_Radha_Krishna" title="Balabhadra Radha Krishna">Balabhadhra Radha Krishna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Debate ensued with regard to the old and new monuments, related to semantics, history, politicisation and symbolism.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 300px;"><div class="thumbinner noresize" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; outline:0px; border:0px; padding:0px; height: 300px; width: 300px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="300" data-zoom="16" data-lat="28.6128" data-lon="77.2314" href="/wiki/Special:Map/16/28.6128/77.2314/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,16,28.6128,77.2314,300x300.png?lang=en" width="300" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,16,28.6128,77.2314,300x300@2x.png?lang=en 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: blue; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 300px; height: 300px; transform: rotate(0deg); border-radius: 0px; background-color: #FFFFFF00; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 143px; left: -2px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 282px; left: 287px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright" title="About OpenStreetMaps" rel="nofollow"><img alt="About OpenStreetMaps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 282px; left: 190px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Maps_Terms_of_Use" title="Maps: terms of use"><img alt="Maps: terms of use" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: blue; top: 256px; left: 238.5px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/52px-Mapscaleline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/78px-Mapscaleline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/104px-Mapscaleline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="18" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 255.875px; left: 284px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: grey; font-size: 9px; font-weight:normal;"> 150m<br />160yds</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 253.5910316726px; left: 131.91447420334px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 9px; font-weight:normal;"> Children's park</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 24.059399854678px; left: 272.57017198136px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(30deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #165916100; font-size: 9px; font-weight:normal;"> C - Hexagon</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 138.24581535019px; left: 56.745953890578px; width: 14px; height: 14px; transform: rotate(0deg); background-color: #AA1205; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 137.24581535019px; left: 63.745953890578px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 9px; font-weight:normal;"> India Gate</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 141.57902745901px; left: 130.78531411624px; width: 14px; height: 14px; transform: rotate(0deg); background-color: #AA1205; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 156.57902745901px; left: 137.78531411624px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 9px; font-weight:normal;"> Netaji<br />statue</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 25.950789370525px; left: 135.22703127612px; width: 14px; height: 14px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #AA1205; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 40.950789370525px; left: 141.72703127612px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 9px; font-weight:normal;"> Param Yodha Sthal<br />(Ultimate Warrior Site)</span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 144.78545940615px; left: 218.63459634714px; width: 14px; height: 14px; transform: rotate(0deg); background-color: #AA1205; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 159.78545940615px; left: 225.63459634714px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 9px; font-weight:normal;"> Amar Jawan Jyoti<br />National War Memorial</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute;top: 9px;left: 264px"><div style="color: white; opacity:100; font-size: 19px; font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink no-icon" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/17/28.6128/77.2314/en" data-zoom="17" data-lat="28.6128" data-lon="77.2314" data-overlays="["_08169b228a0aef3c9f734c0e8cc7f655a5eeceb1"]"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Click for interactive fullscreen map with links to nearby articles"> </span></a></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption">National War Memorial (NWM) complex and India Gate within the C-Hexagon, with Amar Jawan Jyoti and Netaji hologram statue. The rings of the NWM form a chakravyūha.</div></div></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Jawan_Jyoti&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/India_Gate" title="India Gate">India Gate</a> was designed by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens" title="Edwin Lutyens">Edwin Lutyens</a> and unveiled in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-DELHI_MEMORIAL_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DELHI_MEMORIAL-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traffic and parades would pass through the monument. Vehicular movement under the arch was restricted in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amar Jawan Jyoti was added under India Gate following the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a>. The war, which lasted from 3 to 16 December 1971, and ended with the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Dhaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Dhaka">Fall of Dhaka</a>, was part of the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">liberation war</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-India-Pakistan_1971_war_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-India-Pakistan_1971_war-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 January 1972, the twenty-third Republic Day of India, the monument was officially inaugurated by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This short timeframe for setting up a memorial to honour those of who fought only the previous month was as per Indira Gandhi's wishes.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Author Vedica Kants has written in her 2014 book "India and the First World War" that the location of Amar Jawan Jyoti under the arch of India Gate rewrote the symbolic intention of India Gate.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For many years after Independence, there was no clear cut policy on war memorials.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, the military top brass observed that memorials to commemorate war related events and martyrs were being constructed across the country without any coordination.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These memorials were often left untended and were not constructed with much commemorative or architectural thought.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are at least 150 war memorials in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014162–171_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014162–171-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as the national war memorial construction was delayed, individual structures continued to be built.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The construction of a <a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a> started in 2017 and was inaugurated in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the National War Memorial was inaugurated in 2019 with a new flame the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Chief of Integrated Defence Staff">Chief of Integrated Defence Staff</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Deputy Chief of the Army Staff</a> had said that the old Amar Jyoti Jawan would be retained, however no specifics were given.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:flame_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:flame-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the ceremony on 21 January 2022, debate ensued related to semantics, legacy, politicisation and symbolism— whether the shifted flame was merged, or extinguished; whether the five decades old memorial was temporary, irrespective of government plans to construct a permanent one; whether there could be two "eternal" flames; and how the location of the old Amar Jyoti Jawan under the Indian Gate was symbolised and its colonial linkages.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_and_structure">Construction and structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Jawan_Jyoti&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Construction and structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_India_Gate,_in_1971"><span id="Under_India_Gate.2C_in_1971"></span>Under India Gate, in 1971</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Jawan_Jyoti&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Under India Gate, in 1971"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Amar Jawan Jyoti was conceptualised and constructed in less than a month as per Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's wishes, to be made ready for Republic Day on 26 January 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This short timeframe limited the location and scope of the memorial.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The base was 15 square feet (2,200 sq in) with a height of 4 feet 3 inches. At the centre of this was a pedestal 3 feet 2 inches in height. Here a reversed rifle was placed with a war helmet on the top. All the four sides of the memorial were inscribed the words 'Amar Jawan' in Hindi. At each of the four corners of the main platform on which rests the pedestal are the urn which contain the flames.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was white at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amar_Jawan_Jyoti-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Amar_Jawan_Jyoti-2.jpg/180px-Amar_Jawan_Jyoti-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Amar_Jawan_Jyoti-2.jpg/270px-Amar_Jawan_Jyoti-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Amar_Jawan_Jyoti-2.jpg/360px-Amar_Jawan_Jyoti-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Cenotaph with a <a href="/wiki/L1A1_Self-Loading_Rifle" title="L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle">L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle</a> placed on its barrel and capped by a helmet of the Unknown Soldier.</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1971 to 2006, the flame was fueled by <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">Liquified Petroleum Gas</a> (LPG) cylinders.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pedestal was bound by four urns. Each of the urns are controlled by a separate burner.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A single LPG cylinder would be able to provide fuel for one urn for about 36 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cylinders were stacked in a room in the memorial.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sanctioned in December 2005, LPG cylinders were replaced by Piped Natural Gas (PNG), a safer and more economical option.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pipeline had been laid from Kasturba Gandhi Marg.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The staff responsible for maintaining the burning flame resided in a room under the <a href="/wiki/India_Gate" title="India Gate">arch</a>, next to the flame.<sup id="cite_ref-Keeper_of_the_flame_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keeper_of_the_flame-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overall responsibility of the flame was under the <a href="/wiki/Military_Engineer_Services_(India)" title="Military Engineer Services (India)">Military Engineer Services</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chander Singh Bisht, a retired military engineer service personnel, operated the flame for four decades.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monument was always guarded.<sup id="cite_ref-5_things_about_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5_things_about_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="At_Amar_Chakra,_in_2019"><span id="At_Amar_Chakra.2C_in_2019"></span>At Amar Chakra, in 2019</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Jawan_Jyoti&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: At Amar Chakra, in 2019"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_lighting_the_eternal_flame,_to_mark_the_dedication_of_the_National_War_Memorial,_in_New_Delhi_on_February_25,_2019_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_lighting_the_eternal_flame%2C_to_mark_the_dedication_of_the_National_War_Memorial%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_February_25%2C_2019_%281%29.JPG/300px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_lighting_the_eternal_flame%2C_to_mark_the_dedication_of_the_National_War_Memorial%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_February_25%2C_2019_%281%29.JPG/450px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_lighting_the_eternal_flame%2C_to_mark_the_dedication_of_the_National_War_Memorial%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_February_25%2C_2019_%281%29.JPG/600px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2189" data-file-height="1276" /></a><figcaption>The flame at the National War Memorial being lit for the first time on 25 February 2019.</figcaption></figure> <p>Amar Jawan Jyoti is now located at the inner ring, the Amar Chakra (Circle of Immortality), of the <a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a>. The Memorial has four concentric circles representing a <a href="/wiki/Padmavyuha" class="mw-redirect" title="Padmavyuha">Chakravyuh</a> and a central obelisk at the bottom of which burns the flame.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A global design competition was conducted and the result was announced in early April 2017. A <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> architectural firm, WeBe Design Lab's proposal was declared the winner and was accordingly chosen for the conceptualization of the architectural design and for coordinating the construction of the project. The chief architect of the memorial is Yogesh Chandrahasan of WeBe Design Lab, Chennai, chosen through a global design competition and a jury chaired by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Charles_Benninger" title="Christopher Charles Benninger">Christopher Charles Benninger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observances,_remembrances_and_celebrations"><span id="Observances.2C_remembrances_and_celebrations"></span>Observances, remembrances and celebrations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Jawan_Jyoti&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Observances, remembrances and celebrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1972, every-year on <a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)" title="Republic Day (India)">Republic Day</a>, before the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Republic_Day_parade" title="Delhi Republic Day parade">Republic Day parade</a>, it had been customary for the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> and three service chiefs and dignitaries to place a <a href="/wiki/Wreath" title="Wreath">wreath</a> at Amar Jawan Jyoti.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Independence Day, the President laid a wreath.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 December, <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Diwas_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijay Diwas (India)">Vijay Diwas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Defence Minister</a> laid a wreath.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Visuals from the old Amar Jawan Jyoti</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tri_Service_Chiefs_paying_homage_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti,_India_Gate_on_the_occasion_of_Navy_Day_in_New_Delhi_on_December_04,_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Service days: Tri Service Chiefs paying homage on Navy Day, 2012"><img alt="Service days: Tri Service Chiefs paying homage on Navy Day, 2012" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tri_Service_Chiefs_paying_homage_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate_on_the_occasion_of_Navy_Day_in_New_Delhi_on_December_04%2C_2012.jpg/150px-Tri_Service_Chiefs_paying_homage_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate_on_the_occasion_of_Navy_Day_in_New_Delhi_on_December_04%2C_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tri_Service_Chiefs_paying_homage_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate_on_the_occasion_of_Navy_Day_in_New_Delhi_on_December_04%2C_2012.jpg/225px-Tri_Service_Chiefs_paying_homage_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate_on_the_occasion_of_Navy_Day_in_New_Delhi_on_December_04%2C_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tri_Service_Chiefs_paying_homage_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate_on_the_occasion_of_Navy_Day_in_New_Delhi_on_December_04%2C_2012.jpg/300px-Tri_Service_Chiefs_paying_homage_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate_on_the_occasion_of_Navy_Day_in_New_Delhi_on_December_04%2C_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2352" data-file-height="1520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Service days:</b> Tri Service Chiefs paying homage on <a href="/wiki/Navy_Day_(India)" title="Navy Day (India)">Navy Day</a>, 2012</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Defence_Secretary,_Shri_G_Mohan_Kumar_laying_wreath_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti,_India_Gate,_on_the_occasion_of_68th_Anniversary_of_National_Cadet_Corps_(NCC),_in_New_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Select anniversaries: Defence Secretary G. Mohan Kumar on 68th anniversary of National Cadet Corps"><img alt="Select anniversaries: Defence Secretary G. Mohan Kumar on 68th anniversary of National Cadet Corps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/The_Defence_Secretary%2C_Shri_G_Mohan_Kumar_laying_wreath_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate%2C_on_the_occasion_of_68th_Anniversary_of_National_Cadet_Corps_%28NCC%29%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/150px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/The_Defence_Secretary%2C_Shri_G_Mohan_Kumar_laying_wreath_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate%2C_on_the_occasion_of_68th_Anniversary_of_National_Cadet_Corps_%28NCC%29%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/225px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/The_Defence_Secretary%2C_Shri_G_Mohan_Kumar_laying_wreath_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate%2C_on_the_occasion_of_68th_Anniversary_of_National_Cadet_Corps_%28NCC%29%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/300px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1195" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Select anniversaries:</b> Defence Secretary <a href="/wiki/G._Mohan_Kumar" title="G. Mohan Kumar">G. Mohan Kumar</a> on 68th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/National_Cadet_Corps_(India)" title="National Cadet Corps (India)">National Cadet Corps</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_President,_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_paying_homage_at_the_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti,_India_Gate,_on_the_occasion_of_71st_Independence_Day,_in_New_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National days: The President and service chiefs on Independence Day (India), 2017"><img alt="National days: The President and service chiefs on Independence Day (India), 2017" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_paying_homage_at_the_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate%2C_on_the_occasion_of_71st_Independence_Day%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/150px-The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_paying_homage_at_the_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate%2C_on_the_occasion_of_71st_Independence_Day%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_paying_homage_at_the_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate%2C_on_the_occasion_of_71st_Independence_Day%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/225px-The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_paying_homage_at_the_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate%2C_on_the_occasion_of_71st_Independence_Day%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_paying_homage_at_the_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate%2C_on_the_occasion_of_71st_Independence_Day%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/300px-The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_paying_homage_at_the_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate%2C_on_the_occasion_of_71st_Independence_Day%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2168" data-file-height="1261" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>National days:</b> The President and service chiefs on <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day (India)</a>, 2017</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Kyrgyzstan_Defence_Minister,_Maj._Gen._Abibilla_Kudaberdiev_paying_homage_to_the_martyrs_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti,_in_New_Delhi_on_September_09,_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Foreign dignitaries: Kyrgyzstan Defence Minister, Major General Abibilla Kudayberdiev rendering a hand salute, 2011"><img alt="Foreign dignitaries: Kyrgyzstan Defence Minister, Major General Abibilla Kudayberdiev rendering a hand salute, 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/The_Kyrgyzstan_Defence_Minister%2C_Maj._Gen._Abibilla_Kudaberdiev_paying_homage_to_the_martyrs_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_September_09%2C_2011.jpg/150px-The_Kyrgyzstan_Defence_Minister%2C_Maj._Gen._Abibilla_Kudaberdiev_paying_homage_to_the_martyrs_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_September_09%2C_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/The_Kyrgyzstan_Defence_Minister%2C_Maj._Gen._Abibilla_Kudaberdiev_paying_homage_to_the_martyrs_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_September_09%2C_2011.jpg/225px-The_Kyrgyzstan_Defence_Minister%2C_Maj._Gen._Abibilla_Kudaberdiev_paying_homage_to_the_martyrs_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_September_09%2C_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/The_Kyrgyzstan_Defence_Minister%2C_Maj._Gen._Abibilla_Kudaberdiev_paying_homage_to_the_martyrs_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_September_09%2C_2011.jpg/300px-The_Kyrgyzstan_Defence_Minister%2C_Maj._Gen._Abibilla_Kudaberdiev_paying_homage_to_the_martyrs_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_September_09%2C_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Foreign dignitaries:</b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Kyrgyzstan)" title="Ministry of Defense (Kyrgyzstan)">Kyrgyzstan Defence Minister</a>, Major General <a href="/wiki/Abibilla_Kudayberdiev" title="Abibilla Kudayberdiev">Abibilla Kudayberdiev</a> rendering a <a href="/wiki/Hand_salute" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand salute">hand salute</a>, 2011</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Chief_of_Ground_Forces_of_Israel_Defence_Forces,_Major_General_Guy_Zur_paying_floral_tributes_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti,_India_Gate,_in_New_Delhi_on_November_12,_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Foreign dignitaries: Wreath laying by Chief of Ground Forces of Israel Defense Forces, Major General Guy Tzur"><img alt="Foreign dignitaries: Wreath laying by Chief of Ground Forces of Israel Defense Forces, Major General Guy Tzur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/The_Chief_of_Ground_Forces_of_Israel_Defence_Forces%2C_Major_General_Guy_Zur_paying_floral_tributes_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_November_12%2C_2013.jpg/150px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/The_Chief_of_Ground_Forces_of_Israel_Defence_Forces%2C_Major_General_Guy_Zur_paying_floral_tributes_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_November_12%2C_2013.jpg/225px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/The_Chief_of_Ground_Forces_of_Israel_Defence_Forces%2C_Major_General_Guy_Zur_paying_floral_tributes_at_Amar_Jawan_Jyoti%2C_India_Gate%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_November_12%2C_2013.jpg/300px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1866" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Foreign dignitaries:</b> Wreath laying by Chief of Ground Forces of <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a>, Major General <a href="/wiki/Guy_Tzur" title="Guy Tzur">Guy Tzur</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div><div class="footer"><div>A representative group. For more images see <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amar_Jawan_Jyoti_(Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Amar Jawan Jyoti (Tomb of the Unknown Soldier)">Wikimedia Commons</a></div></div></div> <p>From 2020 onwards the Prime Minister, on the occasion of the 71st Republic Day, placed the wreath at the <a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a> instead of the Amar Jyoti Jawan at India Gate. The Prime Minister is accompanied by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of Defence Staff (India)">Chief of Defence Staff</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Army Chief</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Navy Chief</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Air Force Chief</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Visuals from the new Amar Jawan Jyoti</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_at_the_dedication_ceremony_of_the_National_War_Memorial,_in_New_Delhi_on_February_25,_2019.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dedication ceremony, 2019"><img alt="Dedication ceremony, 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_at_the_dedication_ceremony_of_the_National_War_Memorial%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_February_25%2C_2019.JPG/200px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_at_the_dedication_ceremony_of_the_National_War_Memorial%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_February_25%2C_2019.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_at_the_dedication_ceremony_of_the_National_War_Memorial%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_February_25%2C_2019.JPG/300px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_at_the_dedication_ceremony_of_the_National_War_Memorial%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_February_25%2C_2019.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_at_the_dedication_ceremony_of_the_National_War_Memorial%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_February_25%2C_2019.JPG/400px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_at_the_dedication_ceremony_of_the_National_War_Memorial%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_February_25%2C_2019.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1210" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dedication ceremony, 2019</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Chief_of_Staff,_Japan_Air_Self_Defense_Force,_General_Izutsu_Shunji_paying_homage_at_National_War_Memorial,_in_New_Delhi_on_December_10,_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Chief of Staff, Japan Air Self Defense Force, General Izutsu Shunji, 2020."><img alt="The Chief of Staff, Japan Air Self Defense Force, General Izutsu Shunji, 2020." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/The_Chief_of_Staff%2C_Japan_Air_Self_Defense_Force%2C_General_Izutsu_Shunji_paying_homage_at_National_War_Memorial%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_December_10%2C_2020.jpg/200px-The_Chief_of_Staff%2C_Japan_Air_Self_Defense_Force%2C_General_Izutsu_Shunji_paying_homage_at_National_War_Memorial%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_December_10%2C_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/The_Chief_of_Staff%2C_Japan_Air_Self_Defense_Force%2C_General_Izutsu_Shunji_paying_homage_at_National_War_Memorial%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_December_10%2C_2020.jpg/300px-The_Chief_of_Staff%2C_Japan_Air_Self_Defense_Force%2C_General_Izutsu_Shunji_paying_homage_at_National_War_Memorial%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_December_10%2C_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/The_Chief_of_Staff%2C_Japan_Air_Self_Defense_Force%2C_General_Izutsu_Shunji_paying_homage_at_National_War_Memorial%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_December_10%2C_2020.jpg/400px-The_Chief_of_Staff%2C_Japan_Air_Self_Defense_Force%2C_General_Izutsu_Shunji_paying_homage_at_National_War_Memorial%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_December_10%2C_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="338" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Chief of Staff, <a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Self_Defense_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Air Self Defense Force">Japan Air Self Defense Force</a>, General <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%95%E7%AD%92%E4%BF%8A%E5%8F%B8" class="extiw" title="ja:井筒俊司">Izutsu Shunji</a>, 2020.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Pompeo_and_Defense_Secretary_Esper_Participate_in_a_Wreath_Laying_at_the_National_War_Memorial_in_New_Delhi,_India_(50537513647).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wreath laying by the United States Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense, 2020"><img alt="Wreath laying by the United States Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense, 2020" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Secretary_Pompeo_and_Defense_Secretary_Esper_Participate_in_a_Wreath_Laying_at_the_National_War_Memorial_in_New_Delhi%2C_India_%2850537513647%29.jpg/200px-Secretary_Pompeo_and_Defense_Secretary_Esper_Participate_in_a_Wreath_Laying_at_the_National_War_Memorial_in_New_Delhi%2C_India_%2850537513647%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Secretary_Pompeo_and_Defense_Secretary_Esper_Participate_in_a_Wreath_Laying_at_the_National_War_Memorial_in_New_Delhi%2C_India_%2850537513647%29.jpg/300px-Secretary_Pompeo_and_Defense_Secretary_Esper_Participate_in_a_Wreath_Laying_at_the_National_War_Memorial_in_New_Delhi%2C_India_%2850537513647%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Secretary_Pompeo_and_Defense_Secretary_Esper_Participate_in_a_Wreath_Laying_at_the_National_War_Memorial_in_New_Delhi%2C_India_%2850537513647%29.jpg/400px-Secretary_Pompeo_and_Defense_Secretary_Esper_Participate_in_a_Wreath_Laying_at_the_National_War_Memorial_in_New_Delhi%2C_India_%2850537513647%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7204" data-file-height="4805" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wreath laying by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a>, 2020</div> </li> </ul></div></div><div class="footer"><div>Representative; for more images see <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:National_War_Memorial_(India)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:National War Memorial (India)">Wikimedia Commons</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Jawan_Jyoti&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amar_Jawan_Jyoti_(Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Amar Jawan Jyoti (Tomb of the Unknown Soldier)">Amar Jawan Jyoti (Tomb of the Unknown Soldier)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Military_Memorial" title="National Military Memorial">National Military Memorial</a> in Bengaluru</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_Southern_Command" title="National War Memorial Southern Command">National War Memorial Southern Command</a> in Pune</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_War_Memorial" title="Jharkhand War Memorial">Jharkhand War Memorial</a> in Ranchi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_Chowk" title="Kargil Chowk">Kargil Chowk</a> in Patna</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War_Memorial" title="Kargil War Memorial">Kargil War Memorial</a> at Dras, Kargil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_at_Sea_Memorial" title="Victory at Sea Memorial">Victory at Sea Memorial</a> in Visakhapatnam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Memorial_(India)" title="National Police Memorial (India)">National Police Memorial</a> in New Delhi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_Vijay_Diwas" title="Kargil Vijay Diwas">Kargil Vijay Diwas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Diwas_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijay Diwas (India)">Vijay Diwas (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_day_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Victory day of Bangladesh">Bijoy Dibos</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Jawan_Jyoti&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flame of the Immortal Soldier – <i>Flame</i>, as opposed to <i>tomb</i>. See <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier">Tomb of the Unknown Soldier</a>. Immortal, as opposed to eternal. The soldier and flame have been referred to as both immortal and eternal.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:flame_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:flame-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jyoti (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ज्योति">ज्योति</a>) can also mean light.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nTbfAAAAMAAJ&q=amar+jawan+jyoti+flame+immortal+soldier"><i>... by Prime Minister, Smt Indira Gandhi at the "Amar Jawan" memorial under the India Gate, where she stood in silence for two minutes before the "Amar Jyoti"— the immortal flame...</i></a> Vol. 30. <a href="/wiki/Sainik_Samachar" title="Sainik Samachar">Sainik Samachar</a>. 1983. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=...+by+Prime+Minister%2C+Smt+Indira+Gandhi+at+the+%22Amar+Jawan%22+memorial+under+the+India+Gate%2C+where+she+stood+in+silence+for+two+minutes+before+the+%22Amar+Jyoti%22%E2%80%94+the+immortal+flame...&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Sainik+Samachar&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnTbfAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Damar%2Bjawan%2Bjyoti%2Bflame%2Bimmortal%2Bsoldier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMishra2022" class="citation web cs1">Mishra, Kavya (24 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zeenews.india.com/india/amar-jawan-jyoti-is-called-amar-for-a-reason-cant-be-snuffed-shashi-tharoor-2430485.html">"Amar Jawan Jyoti is called 'Amar' for a reason, can't be snuffed: Shashi Tharoor"</a>. <i>Zee News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zee+News&rft.atitle=Amar+Jawan+Jyoti+is+called+%27Amar%27+for+a+reason%2C+can%27t+be+snuffed%3A+Shashi+Tharoor&rft.date=2022-01-24&rft.aulast=Mishra&rft.aufirst=Kavya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Findia%2Famar-jawan-jyoti-is-called-amar-for-a-reason-cant-be-snuffed-shashi-tharoor-2430485.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:flame-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:flame_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:flame_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChannan2022" class="citation web cs1">Channan, Lt Col (Retd) Manoj K (22 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/the-eternal-flame-the-indian-armed-forces-should-not-be-milked-for-political-ambitions/2413295/">"The Eternal Flame: The Indian Armed Forces should not be milked for political ambitions"</a>. <i>The Financial Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Financial+Express&rft.atitle=The+Eternal+Flame%3A+The+Indian+Armed+Forces+should+not+be+milked+for+political+ambitions&rft.date=2022-01-22&rft.aulast=Channan&rft.aufirst=Lt+Col+%28Retd%29+Manoj+K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialexpress.com%2Fdefence%2Fthe-eternal-flame-the-indian-armed-forces-should-not-be-milked-for-political-ambitions%2F2413295%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dict.hinkhoj.com/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF-meaning-in-english.words">"ज्योति (Jyoti) meaning in English"</a>. <i>HinKhoj Dictionary</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HinKhoj+Dictionary&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF+%28Jyoti%29+meaning+in+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdict.hinkhoj.com%2F%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF-meaning-in-english.words&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/hindi-english/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF">"English translation of 'ज्योति'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Collins Dictionary</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+Dictionary&rft.atitle=English+translation+of+%27%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fhindi-english%2F%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalal2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roshen_Dalal" title="Roshen Dalal">Dalal, Roshen</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RSLZBfKwgw8C&dq=amar+jawan+jyoti&pg=PT13">"1"</a>. <i>The Puffin History of India For Children: Volume 2. 1947 to the Present</i>. <a href="/wiki/Puffin_Books" title="Puffin Books">Puffin Books</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8184758344" title="Special:BookSources/978-8184758344"><bdi>978-8184758344</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1&rft.btitle=The+Puffin+History+of+India+For+Children%3A+Volume+2.+1947+to+the+Present&rft.pub=Puffin+Books%2C+Penguin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-8184758344&rft.aulast=Dalal&rft.aufirst=Roshen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRSLZBfKwgw8C%26dq%3Damar%2Bjawan%2Bjyoti%26pg%3DPT13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014161_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014">Chhina, Last Post. Indian War Memorials Around the World (2014)</a>, pp. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnand2016" class="citation web cs1">Anand, Col Rohan (January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2016/jan16-16/h14.htm">"National War Memorial, At Last"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sainik_Samachar" title="Sainik Samachar">Sainik Samachar</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sainik+Samachar&rft.atitle=National+War+Memorial%2C+At+Last&rft.date=2016-01&rft.aulast=Anand&rft.aufirst=Col+Rohan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sainiksamachar.nic.in%2Fenglisharchives%2F2016%2Fjan16-16%2Fh14.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/amar-jawan-jyoti-to-be-extinguished-national-war-memorial-flame-7734184/">"Burning for 5 decades, flame at Amar Jawan Jyoti will be put out at India Gate, merged with National War Memorial"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Express_Limited" title="Indian Express Limited">Indian Express Limited</a></i>. 21 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Express+Limited&rft.atitle=Burning+for+5+decades%2C+flame+at+Amar+Jawan+Jyoti+will+be+put+out+at+India+Gate%2C+merged+with+National+War+Memorial&rft.date=2022-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Famar-jawan-jyoti-to-be-extinguished-national-war-memorial-flame-7734184%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"XIX: Place of Interest". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=acoBAAAAMAAJ"><i>Delhi Gazetteer</i></a>. Delhi: Gazetteer Unit, Delhi Administration. April 1976. pp. 1001–1002 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=XIX%3A+Place+of+Interest&rft.btitle=Delhi+Gazetteer&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=1001-1002&rft.pub=Gazetteer+Unit%2C+Delhi+Administration&rft.date=1976-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DacoBAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBose2022" class="citation web cs1">Bose, Joydeep (21 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-historic-move-amar-jawan-jyoti-merged-with-national-war-memorial-flame-101642759893068.html">"In historic move, Amar Jawan Jyoti merged with National War Memorial flame"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121103432/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-historic-move-amar-jawan-jyoti-merged-with-national-war-memorial-flame-101642759893068.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=In+historic+move%2C+Amar+Jawan+Jyoti+merged+with+National+War+Memorial+flame&rft.date=2022-01-21&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Joydeep&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fin-historic-move-amar-jawan-jyoti-merged-with-national-war-memorial-flame-101642759893068.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShivshankar2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Shivshankar" title="Rahul Shivshankar">Shivshankar, Rahul</a> (24 January 2022). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/theres-no-blame-in-shifting-the-flame/articleshow/89098912.cms">"There's no blame in shifting the flame"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=There%27s+no+blame+in+shifting+the+flame&rft.date=2022-01-24&rft.aulast=Shivshankar&rft.aufirst=Rahul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Ftheres-no-blame-in-shifting-the-flame%2Farticleshow%2F89098912.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamdas2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Laxminarayan_Ramdas" title="Laxminarayan Ramdas">Ramdas, Admiral L.</a> (24 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/opinion/amar-jawan-jyoti-symbolism-respect-cant-be-forced-it-evolves-over-time-new-will-never-take-place-of-old">"Amar Jawan Jyoti: Symbolism, respect can't be forced, it evolves over time; new will never take place of old"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Herald" title="National Herald">National Herald</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Herald&rft.atitle=Amar+Jawan+Jyoti%3A+Symbolism%2C+respect+can%27t+be+forced%2C+it+evolves+over+time%3B+new+will+never+take+place+of+old&rft.date=2022-01-24&rft.aulast=Ramdas&rft.aufirst=Admiral+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalheraldindia.com%2Fopinion%2Famar-jawan-jyoti-symbolism-respect-cant-be-forced-it-evolves-over-time-new-will-never-take-place-of-old&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaushik2022" class="citation web cs1">Kaushik, Krishn (24 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-amar-jawan-jyoti-national-war-memorial-7735258/">"Explained: The significance of Amar Jawan Jyoti, and why it was merged with National War Memorial flame"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Explained%3A+The+significance+of+Amar+Jawan+Jyoti%2C+and+why+it+was+merged+with+National+War+Memorial+flame&rft.date=2022-01-24&rft.aulast=Kaushik&rft.aufirst=Krishn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fexplained%2Fexplained-amar-jawan-jyoti-national-war-memorial-7735258%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEditorial2022" class="citation web cs1">Editorial (24 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/amar-jawan-jyoti-national-war-memorial-showcase-a-rich-history-7738405/">"Side by side"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Side+by+side&rft.date=2022-01-24&rft.au=Editorial&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fopinion%2Feditorials%2Famar-jawan-jyoti-national-war-memorial-showcase-a-rich-history-7738405%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThapar2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karan_Thapar" title="Karan Thapar">Thapar, Karan</a> (22 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewire.in/video/watch-karan-thapar-vp-malik-amar-jawan-jyoti-india-gate">"Watch | Do Not Politicise Merging of Amar Jawan Jyoti: Former Army Chief V.P. Malik"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wire_(India)" title="The Wire (India)">The Wire</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wire&rft.atitle=Watch+%7C+Do+Not+Politicise+Merging+of+Amar+Jawan+Jyoti%3A+Former+Army+Chief+V.P.+Malik&rft.date=2022-01-22&rft.aulast=Thapar&rft.aufirst=Karan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewire.in%2Fvideo%2Fwatch-karan-thapar-vp-malik-amar-jawan-jyoti-india-gate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwami2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Praveen_Swami" title="Praveen Swami">Swami, Praveen</a> (24 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/opinion/liberals-mourning-india-gate-flame-must-also-recall-some-dark-aspects-of-the-colonial-army/811232/">"Liberals mourning India Gate flame must also recall some dark aspects of the colonial Army"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ThePrint" title="ThePrint">ThePrint</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThePrint&rft.atitle=Liberals+mourning+India+Gate+flame+must+also+recall+some+dark+aspects+of+the+colonial+Army&rft.date=2022-01-24&rft.aulast=Swami&rft.aufirst=Praveen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Fopinion%2Fliberals-mourning-india-gate-flame-must-also-recall-some-dark-aspects-of-the-colonial-army%2F811232%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadha2022" class="citation web cs1">Chadha, Saroj (24 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/blunt-frank/amar-jawan-jyoti-and-national-war-memorial/">"Amar Jawan Jyoti and National War Memorial"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a> Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India+Blog&rft.atitle=Amar+Jawan+Jyoti+and+National+War+Memorial&rft.date=2022-01-24&rft.aulast=Chadha&rft.aufirst=Saroj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fblogs%2Fblunt-frank%2Famar-jawan-jyoti-and-national-war-memorial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTandon2022" class="citation web cs1">Tandon, Aditi (23 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/in-1972-indira-govt-too-proposed-permanent-war-memorial-363848">"In 1972, Indira Gandhi govt too proposed permanent war memorial"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tribune_(Chandigarh)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tribune (Chandigarh)">Tribune India</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tribune+India&rft.atitle=In+1972%2C+Indira+Gandhi+govt+too+proposed+permanent+war+memorial&rft.date=2022-01-23&rft.aulast=Tandon&rft.aufirst=Aditi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fin-1972-indira-govt-too-proposed-permanent-war-memorial-363848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdi2022" class="citation web cs1">Abdi, Mehmood (22 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprobe.in/amar-jawan-jyoti-merging-flames-and-submerging-history/">"Amar Jawan Jyoti: Merging flames and submerging history"</a>. <i>The Probe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Probe&rft.atitle=Amar+Jawan+Jyoti%3A+Merging+flames+and+submerging+history&rft.date=2022-01-22&rft.aulast=Abdi&rft.aufirst=Mehmood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprobe.in%2Famar-jawan-jyoti-merging-flames-and-submerging-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DELHI_MEMORIAL-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DELHI_MEMORIAL_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/142700/DELHI%20MEMORIAL%20%28INDIA%20GATE%29">"Delhi Memorial (India Gate)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121019114512/http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/142700/DELHI%20MEMORIAL%20(INDIA%20GATE)">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Delhi+Memorial+%28India+Gate%29&rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-a-cemetery%2Fcemetery%2F142700%2FDELHI%2520MEMORIAL%2520%2528INDIA%2520GATE%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnand2015" class="citation web cs1">Anand, Col Rohan (May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2015/may01-15/h8.htm">"India Gate. An Indian Legacy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sainik_Samachar" title="Sainik Samachar">Sainik Samachar</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sainik+Samachar&rft.atitle=India+Gate.+An+Indian+Legacy&rft.date=2015-05&rft.aulast=Anand&rft.aufirst=Col+Rohan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sainiksamachar.nic.in%2Fenglisharchives%2F2015%2Fmay01-15%2Fh8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-India-Pakistan_1971_war-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-India-Pakistan_1971_war_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2020" class="citation news cs1">Singh, Sushant (2 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/india-pakistan-1971-war-bangladesh-indira-gandhi-4429236/">"India-Pakistan 1971 war"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>. <q>...was a refashioning of the symbolism of the site away from its colonial legacy...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Livemint&rft.atitle=Why+did+we+fight+the+war%3F&rft.date=2014-06-28&rft.aulast=Kant&rft.aufirst=Vedica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2FLeisure%2FVfpJyUSGqCbFo9114UpALP%2FWhy-did-we-fight-the-war.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014162–171-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014162–171_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014">Chhina, Last Post. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Herald&rft.atitle=Amar+Jawan+Jyoti%3A+Symbolism%2C+respect+can%27t+be+forced%2C+it+evolves+over+time%3B+new+will+never+take+place+of+old&rft.date=2022-01-24&rft.aulast=Ramdas&rft.aufirst=Admiral+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalheraldindia.com%2Fopinion%2Famar-jawan-jyoti-symbolism-respect-cant-be-forced-it-evolves-over-time-new-will-never-take-place-of-old&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/ARMY/Galleries/Wars/Memorials/Monuments/0011.jpg.html">"Amar Jawan Jyoti"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Rakshak" title="Bharat Rakshak">Bharat Rakshak</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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They asked my mother at National War Memorial"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ThePrint" title="ThePrint">ThePrint</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ThePrint&rft.atitle=Are+you+looking+for+someone+you+lost%2C+Ma%27am%3F+They+asked+my+mother+at+National+War+Memorial&rft.date=2019-03-03&rft.aulast=Yadav&rft.aufirst=Namrata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Fopinion%2Fare-you-looking-for-someone-you-lost-maam-they-asked-my-mother-at-national-war-memorial%2F200744%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhatnagar2018" class="citation web cs1">Bhatnagar, Gaurav Vivek (21 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewire.in/urban/national-war-museum-delhi-india-gate">"National War Memorial Takes Shape Six Decades After Being Conceived"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wire_(India)" title="The Wire (India)">The Wire</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190130125759/https://thewire.in/urban/national-war-museum-delhi-india-gate">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=This+year%2C+Republic+Day+ceremony+to+start+from+War+Memorial%2C+not+India+Gate&rft.date=2020-01-24&rft.aulast=Kaushik&rft.aufirst=Krishn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fthis-year-republic-day-ceremony-to-start-from-war-memorial-not-india-gate-6232317%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Jawan_Jyoti&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChhina,_Last_Post._Indian_War_Memorials_Around_the_World2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rana_Chhina" title="Rana Chhina">Chhina, Rana T.S.</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mea.gov.in/Uploads/PublicationDocs/23460_IWM_Book__11-06-2014_.pdf"><i>Last Post. Indian War Memorials Around the World</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. A public diplomacy initiative of the Ministry of External Affairs. Centre for Armed Forces Historical Research, United Service Institution of India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8190209793" title="Special:BookSources/978-8190209793"><bdi>978-8190209793</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120044036/https://mea.gov.in/Uploads/PublicationDocs/23460_IWM_Book__11-06-2014_.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Last+Post.+Indian+War+Memorials+Around+the+World.&rft.pub=Centre+for+Armed+Forces+Historical+Research%2C+United+Service+Institution+of+India&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-8190209793&rft.aulast=Chhina&rft.aufirst=Rana+T.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mea.gov.in%2FUploads%2FPublicationDocs%2F23460_IWM_Book__11-06-2014_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amar_Jawan_Jyoti&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNayyar1997" class="citation book cs1">Nayyar, Vice-Admiral (retd.) K.K. (1997). <i>Amar Jawan, A Book of Remembrance</i>. <a href="/wiki/India_Book_House" title="India Book House">India Book House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8175081055" title="Special:BookSources/978-8175081055"><bdi>978-8175081055</bdi></a>. <q>A book of remembrance in memory of our soldiers, sailors, and airmen who laid down their lives in defence of their country, India, 1947–1997</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amar+Jawan%2C+A+Book+of+Remembrance&rft.pub=India+Book+House&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-8175081055&rft.aulast=Nayyar&rft.aufirst=Vice-Admiral+%28retd.%29+K.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>— <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoshi1997" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Manoj_Joshi_(journalist)" title="Manoj Joshi (journalist)">Joshi, Manoj</a> (1 December 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19971201-amar-jawan-a-book-of-remembrance-a-sailors-monumental-record-of-the-war-dead-830980-1997-12-01">"Amar Jawan, A Book of Remembrance: A sailor's monumental record of the war dead"</a>. <i>India Today</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Amar+Jawan%2C+A+Book+of+Remembrance%3A+A+sailor%27s+monumental+record+of+the+war+dead&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.aulast=Joshi&rft.aufirst=Manoj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmagazine%2Fsociety-the-arts%2Fstory%2F19971201-amar-jawan-a-book-of-remembrance-a-sailors-monumental-record-of-the-war-dead-830980-1997-12-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmar+Jawan+Jyoti" class="Z3988"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> 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href="/wiki/Delhi_Commission_for_Women" title="Delhi Commission for Women">Delhi Commission for Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Jal_Board" title="Delhi Jal Board">Delhi Jal Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Vidyut_Board" title="Delhi Vidyut Board">Delhi Vidyut Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Fire_Service" title="Delhi Fire Service">Delhi Fire Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Transport_Corporation" title="Delhi Transport Corporation">Delhi Transport Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Directorate_of_Education" title="Delhi Directorate of Education">Delhi Directorate of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Urban_Shelter_Improvement_Board" title="Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board"> DUSIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Tourism_and_Transportation_Development_Corporation" title="Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation"> DTTDC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_State_Election_Commission" title="Delhi State Election Commission">Delhi State Election Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Parliament House/Sansad Bhavan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" title="Parliament House, New Delhi">Parliament House, New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" title="Old Parliament House, New Delhi">Old Parliament House, New Delhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan">Rashtrapati Bhavan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrasen_Ki_Baoli" title="Agrasen Ki Baoli">Agrasen Ki Baoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashokan_Edicts_in_Delhi" title="Ashokan Edicts in Delhi">Ashokan Edicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bara_Gumbad" title="Bara Gumbad">Bara Gumbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakhamba" title="Barakhamba">Barakhamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Nursery" title="Sunder Nursery">Central Park (Sunder Nursery)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chausath_Khamba" title="Chausath Khamba">Chausath Khamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chor_Minar" title="Chor Minar">Chor Minar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Park,_Delhi" title="Coronation Park, Delhi">Coronation Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feroz_Shah_Kotla" title="Feroz Shah Kotla">Feroz Shah Kotla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_Delhi" title="Gates of Delhi">Gates of Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauz-i-Shamsi" title="Hauz-i-Shamsi">Hauz-i-Shamsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauz_Khas_Complex" title="Hauz Khas Complex">Hauz Khas Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijron_Ka_Khanqah" title="Hijron Ka Khanqah">Hijron Ka Khanqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humayun%27s_Tomb" title="Humayun's Tomb">Humayun's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahanpanah" title="Jahanpanah">Jahanpanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahaz_Mahal" title="Jahaz Mahal">Jahaz Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamali_Kamali_Mosque_and_Tomb" title="Jamali Kamali Mosque and Tomb">Jamali Kamali Mosque and Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jantar_Mantar,_New_Delhi" title="Jantar Mantar, New Delhi">Jantar Mantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirki_Mosque" title="Khirki Mosque">Khirki Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Temple" title="Lotus Temple">Lotus Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrauli" title="Mehrauli">Mehrauli complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metcalfe_House" title="Metcalfe House">Metcalfe House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moth_ki_Masjid" class="mw-redirect" title="Moth ki Masjid">Moth ki Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purana_Qila" title="Purana Qila">Purana Qila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qila_Rai_Pithora" title="Qila Rai Pithora">Qila Rai Pithora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_Minar_complex" title="Qutb Minar complex">Qutb Minar complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Fort" title="Red Fort">Red Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salimgarh_Fort" title="Salimgarh Fort">Salimgarh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_Gumbad" title="Shish Gumbad">Shish Gumbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri_Fort" title="Siri Fort">Siri Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ghari" title="Sultan Ghari">Sultan Ghari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_Murti_Bhavan" title="Teen Murti Bhavan">Teen Murti Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Isa_Khan" title="Tomb of Isa Khan">Tomb of Isa Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Safdar_Jang" title="Tomb of Safdar Jang">Tomb of Safdar Jang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughlaqabad_Fort" title="Tughlaqabad Fort">Tughlaqabad Fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorials<br />and museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/India_Gate" title="India Gate">India Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Memorial_(India)" title="National Police Memorial (India)">National Police Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Ghat_and_associated_memorials" title="Raj Ghat and associated memorials">Raj Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Truth" title="Wall of Truth">Wall of Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan_Museum" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan Museum">Rashtrapati Bhavan Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force_Museum,_Palam" title="Indian Air Force Museum, Palam">Indian Air Force Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rail_Museum,_New_Delhi" title="National Rail Museum, New Delhi">National Rail Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_of_Delhi" title="List of neighbourhoods of Delhi">Neighbourhoods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chanakyapuri" title="Chanakyapuri">Chanakyapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Lines,_Delhi" title="Civil Lines, Delhi"> Civil Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauz_Khas" title="Hauz Khas">Hauz Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Bagh" title="Karol Bagh">Karol Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajpat_Nagar" title="Lajpat Nagar">Lajpat Nagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahinsa_Sthal" title="Ahinsa Sthal">Ahinsa Sthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Akshardham_(New_Delhi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham (New Delhi)"> Akshardham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatarpur_Temple" title="Chhatarpur Temple">Chhatarpur Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatehpuri_Mosque" title="Fatehpuri Mosque">Fatehpuri Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurudwara_Bangla_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurudwara Bangla Sahib">Gurudwara Bangla Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurudwara_Sis_Ganj_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib">Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman_Temple,_Connaught_Place" title="Hanuman Temple, Connaught Place">Hanuman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISKCON_Temple_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="ISKCON Temple Delhi">ISKCON Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Delhi" title="Jama Masjid, Delhi">Jama Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalka_Mandir,_Delhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalka Mandir, Delhi (page does not exist)"> Kalkaji Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxminarayan_Temple" title="Laxminarayan Temple">Laxminarayan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Temple" title="Lotus Temple">Lotus Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Dargah" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizamuddin Dargah">Nizamuddin Dargah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Cathedral,_New_Delhi" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral, New Delhi">Sacred Heart Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Atma_Vallabh_Jain_Smarak" title="Shri Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak">Shri Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Digambar_Jain_Lal_Mandir" title="Sri Digambar Jain Lal Mandir">Sri Digambar Jain Lal Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Church_of_the_Redemption" title="Cathedral Church of the Redemption"> Viceroy Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogmaya_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogmaya Temple">Yogmaya Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets and plazas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandni_Chowk" title="Chandni Chowk">Chandni Chowk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connaught_Place,_New_Delhi" title="Connaught Place, New Delhi"> Connaught Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilli_Haat" title="Dilli Haat">Dilli Haat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garstin_Bastion_Road,_New_Delhi" title="Garstin Bastion Road, New Delhi"> G. B. Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janpath" title="Janpath">Janpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khari_Baoli" title="Khari Baoli">Khari Baoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palika_Bazaar" title="Palika Bazaar">Palika Bazaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila_Maidan" title="Ramlila Maidan">Ramlila Maidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajpath" title="Rajpath">Rajpath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography<br />and divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Delhi" title="List of districts of Delhi">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Delhi_district" title="Central Delhi district">Central Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Delhi_district" title="East Delhi district">East Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi_district" title="New Delhi district">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Delhi_district" title="North Delhi district">North Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Delhi_district" title="North East Delhi district">North East Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_Delhi_district" title="North West Delhi district">North West Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahdara_district" title="Shahdara district">Shahdara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Delhi_district" title="South Delhi district">South Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_East_Delhi_district" title="South East Delhi district">South East Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Delhi_district" title="South West Delhi district">South West Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Delhi_district" title="West Delhi district">West Delhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">National Capital Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faridabad" title="Faridabad">Faridabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad" title="Ghaziabad">Ghaziabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Noida" title="Greater Noida">Greater Noida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgaon" title="Gurgaon">Gurgaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noida" title="Noida">Noida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_city" title="Satellite city">Satellite cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurgaon" title="Gurgaon">Gurgaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faridabad" title="Faridabad">Faridabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhajjar" title="Jhajjar">Jhajjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadurgarh" title="Bahadurgarh">Bahadurgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noida" title="Noida">Noida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Noida" title="Greater Noida">Greater Noida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadri" title="Dadri">Dadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad" title="Ghaziabad">Ghaziabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghpat" title="Baghpat">Baghpat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Delhi" title="Transport in Delhi">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em">Within Delhi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_International_Airport" title="Indira Gandhi International Airport">Indira Gandhi International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safdarjung_Airport" title="Safdarjung Airport">Safdarjung Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em">Outside Delhi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindon_Airport" title="Hindon Airport">Hindon Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noida_International_Airport" title="Noida International Airport"> Noida International Airport (under construction)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Template:Railway_stations_in_Delhi" title="Template:Railway stations in Delhi"> Indian railway stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Vihar_Terminal_railway_station" title="Anand Vihar Terminal railway station">Anand Vihar Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Junction_railway_station" title="Delhi Junction railway station">Delhi Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sarai_Rohilla_railway_station" title="Delhi Sarai Rohilla railway station">Sarai Rohilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Nizamuddin_railway_station" title="Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station">Hazrat Nizamuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi_railway_station" title="New Delhi railway station">New Delhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em">Urban and suburban rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Metro" title="Delhi Metro">Delhi Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Suburban_Railway" title="Delhi Suburban Railway">Delhi Suburban Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Ring_Railway" title="Delhi Ring Railway">Delhi Ring Railway</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RapidX" title="RapidX">Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS)</a></i> (under construction)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Inter_State_Bus_Terminals" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter State Bus Terminals">Bus terminals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekanand_Inter_State_Bus_Terminus" title="Swami Vivekanand Inter State Bus Terminus"> Anand Vihar ISBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharana_Pratap_Inter_State_Bus_Terminus" title="Maharana Pratap Inter State Bus Terminus"> Kashmere Gate ISBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarai_Kale_Khan_Inter-State_Bus_Terminus" title="Sarai Kale Khan Inter-State Bus Terminus"> Sarai Kale Khan ISBT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Highways_passing_from_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Highways passing from Delhi"> Highways / expressways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Ring_Road,_Delhi" title="Inner Ring Road, Delhi"> Inner Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Ring_Road,_Delhi" title="Outer Ring Road, Delhi"> Outer Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DND_Flyway" title="DND Flyway">DND Flyway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Gurgaon_Expressway" title="Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway">Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Meerut_Expressway" title="Delhi–Meerut Expressway">Delhi–Meerut Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Faridabad_Skyway" title="Delhi–Faridabad Skyway">Delhi–Faridabad Skyway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Delhi" title="Sport in Delhi">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_cricket_team" title="Delhi cricket team">Delhi cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_football_team" title="Delhi football team">Delhi football team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Capitals" title="Delhi Capitals">Delhi Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Waveriders" title="Delhi Waveriders">Delhi Waveriders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabang_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabang Delhi">Dabang Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudeva_Delhi_FC" title="Sudeva Delhi FC">Sudeva Delhi FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_FC" title="Delhi FC">Delhi FC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Capitals_(basketball)" title="Delhi Capitals (basketball)">Delhi Capitals (basketball)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Defenders" title="Delhi Defenders">Delhi Defenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Dynamos_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Delhi Dynamos FC">Delhi Dynamos FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Smashers" title="Delhi Smashers">Delhi Smashers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_United_FC" title="Delhi United FC">Delhi United FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Wizards" title="Delhi Wizards">Delhi Wizards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Garhwal FC">Garhwal FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_FC" title="Hindustan FC">Hindustan FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi_Heroes_FC" title="New Delhi Heroes FC">New Delhi Heroes FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Youngs_FC" title="Simla Youngs FC">Simla Youngs FC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stadiums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Arun Jaitley Stadium">Arun Jaitley Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrasal_Stadium" title="Chhatrasal Stadium">Chhatrasal Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_University_Stadium" title="Delhi University Stadium">Delhi University Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambedkar_Stadium" title="Ambedkar Stadium">Dr. Ambedkar Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Karni_Singh_Shooting_Range" title="Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range">Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Arena" title="Indira Gandhi Arena">Indira Gandhi Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Stadium_(Delhi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)">Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Dhyan_Chand_National_Stadium" title="Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium">Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri_Fort_Sports_Complex" title="Siri Fort Sports Complex">Siri Fort Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPM_Swimming_Pool_Complex" title="SPM Swimming Pool Complex">SPM Swimming Pool Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talkatora_Stadium" title="Talkatora Stadium">Talkatora Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyagaraj_Sports_Complex" title="Thyagaraj Sports Complex">Thyagaraj Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamuna_Sports_Complex" title="Yamuna Sports Complex">Yamuna Sports Complex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1951_Asian_Games" title="1951 Asian Games">1951 Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Asian_Games" title="1982 Asian Games">1982 Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Cricket_World_Cup" title="1987 Cricket World Cup">1987 Cricket World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Asian_Athletics_Championships" title="1989 Asian Athletics Championships">1989 Asian Athletics Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Cricket_World_Cup" title="1996 Cricket World Cup">1996 Cricket World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games" title="2010 Commonwealth Games">2010 Commonwealth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Men%27s_Hockey_World_Cup" title="2010 Men's Hockey World Cup">2010 Men's Hockey World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Cricket_World_Cup" title="2011 Cricket World Cup">2011 Cricket World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_FIFA_U-17_World_Cup" title="2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup">2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Half_Marathon" title="Delhi Half Marathon">Delhi Half Marathon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)" title="Republic Day (India)">Republic Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cinemas_in_Delhi" title="List of cinemas in Delhi">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_in_Delhi" title="Shopping in Delhi">Shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Queer_Pride_Parade" title="Delhi Queer Pride Parade">Delhi Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutub_Festival" title="Qutub Festival">Qutub Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Delhi_templates" title="Category:Delhi templates"> Other templates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_temples_in_Delhi" title="Template:Hindu temples in Delhi">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Delhi_landmarks" title="Template:Delhi landmarks">Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Museums_in_Delhi" title="Template:Museums in Delhi">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Neighbourhoods_of_Delhi" title="Template:Neighbourhoods of Delhi">Neighbourhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Power_Plants_of_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Power Plants of Delhi">Power plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Schools_in_Delhi" title="Template:Schools in Delhi">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_Delhi" title="Template:Universities and colleges in Delhi">Universities and colleges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Delhi" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Delhi">Buildings and structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_of_Delhi" title="List of neighbourhoods of Delhi">Neighbourhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Delhi" title="List of tourist attractions in Delhi">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Delhi" title="List of parks in Delhi">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Delhi" title="Category:People from Delhi">Notable people from Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">List of cities in India by population</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="18px_Indian_Armed_Forces" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_of_India" title="Template:Military of India"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_of_India" title="Template talk:Military of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military of India"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="18px_Indian_Armed_Forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Armed_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/18px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/27px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/36px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretary_(India)" title="Defence Secretary (India)">Defence Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(India)" title="National Security Advisor (India)">National Security Advisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of Defence Staff (India)">Chief of Defence Staff</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee">Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Chief of the Army Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Chief of the Naval Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Chief of the Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Chief of Integrated Defence Staff">Vice Chief of Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_General_Armed_Forces_Medical_Services_(India)" title="Director General Armed Forces Medical Services (India)">Director General Armed Forces Medical Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_generals_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of serving generals of the Indian Army">Serving generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_admirals_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of serving admirals of the Indian Navy">Serving admirals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_marshals_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of serving marshals of the Indian Air Force">Serving marshals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ministry and<br />committees/councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Military_Affairs" title="Department of Military Affairs">Department of Military Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Department of Defence Research and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Ex-servicemen_Welfare" title="Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare">Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(India)" title="National Security Council (India)">National Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_Security" title="Cabinet Committee on Security">Cabinet Committee on Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_on_Defence_(India)" title="Standing Committee on Defence (India)">Standing Committee on Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Planning_Committee" title="Defence Planning Committee">Defence Planning Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Command_Authority_(India)" title="Nuclear Command Authority (India)">Nuclear Command Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Integrated Defence Staff">Integrated Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Agency_(India)" title="Defence Intelligence Agency (India)">Defence Intelligence Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Joint_warfare" title="Joint warfare">Joint</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_Tri-Service_Commands" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Armed Forces Tri-Service Commands">Integrated Theatre Commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Strategic Forces Command">Strategic Forces Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Commander-in-Chief, Strategic Forces Command">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Theatre_Command_(India)" title="Northern Theatre Command (India)">Northern Theatre Command (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Theatre_Command_(India)" title="Western Theatre Command (India)">Western Theatre Command (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Theatre_Command" title="Maritime Theatre Command">Maritime Theatre Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Cyber_Agency" title="Defence Cyber Agency">Defence Cyber Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Space_Agency" title="Defence Space Agency">Defence Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Special_Operations_Division" title="Armed Forces Special Operations Division">Armed Forces Special Operations Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_(India)" title="Central Command (India)">Central Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Command (India)">Eastern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Command_(India)" title="Northern Command (India)">Northern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Command_(India)" title="Southern Command (India)">Southern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Command_(India)" title="South Western Command (India)">South Western Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Command_(India)" title="Western Command (India)">Western Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Training_Command" title="Army Training Command">Army Training Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Naval_Command" title="Western Naval Command">Western Naval Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Naval_Command" title="Eastern Naval Command">Eastern Naval Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Naval_Command" title="Southern Naval Command">Southern Naval Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Command_(India)" title="Central Air Command (India)">Central Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Air Command (India)">Eastern Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Southern Air Command (India)">Southern Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Air_Command" title="South Western Air Command">South Western Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Air_Command_(India)" title="Western Air Command (India)">Western Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_Command_(India)" title="Training Command (India)">Training Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_Command" title="Maintenance Command">Maintenance Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cadet_Corps_(India)" title="National Cadet Corps (India)">National Cadet Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_forces_of_India" title="Special forces of India">Special forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(India)" title="Territorial Army (India)">Territorial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Military Academies</a></li> <li>Ranks and insignia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Army ranks and insignia of India">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of India">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force ranks and insignia of India">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard#Rank_insignia" title="Indian Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation#Ranks" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India#Ranks_and_insignia" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces">Awards and Decorations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_of_India" title="List of military operations of India">Operations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asal_Uttar" title="Battle of Asal Uttar">Battle of Asal Uttar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chawinda" title="Battle of Chawinda">Battle of Chawinda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">1971</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Naval_War_of_1971" title="Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971">Naval War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan_Air_Operations_(1971)" title="East Pakistan Air Operations (1971)">Air War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chamb">Battle of Chamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trident_(1971)" title="Operation Trident (1971)">Operation <i>Trident</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cactus-Lilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cactus-Lilly">Operation <i>Cactus-Lilly</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Longewala" title="Battle of Longewala">Battle of Longewala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">External <br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_conflict" title="Siachen conflict">Siachen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Indo-Pakistani border skirmishes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%932002_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_standoff" title="2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff">Operation <i>Parakram</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmish" title="2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2014–2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932018_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2016–2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">Balakot airstrike</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control" title="Line of Actual Control">Sino-Indian border skirmish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumdorong_Chu_standoff" title="Sumdorong Chu standoff">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathu_La_and_Cho_La_clashes" title="Nathu La and Cho La clashes">Nathu La and Cho La clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_China%E2%80%93India_border_standoff" title="2017 China–India border standoff">Doklam standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_China%E2%80%93India_skirmishes" title="2020–2021 China–India skirmishes">2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_intervention_in_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War">Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Maldives_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Maldives coup d'état attempt">Operation <i>Cactus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_airlift_of_Indians_from_Kuwait" title="1990 airlift of Indians from Kuwait">Evacuation of Indian civilians from Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Piracy off the coast of Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Raahat" title="Operation Raahat">Operation <i>Raahat</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Devi_Shakti" title="Operation Devi Shakti">Operation <i>Devi Shakti</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Indian_counter-insurgency_operation_in_Myanmar" title="2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar">Indo-Myanmar border strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Annexations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Operation <i>Polo</i> (Hyderabad)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Operation <i>Vijay</i> (Portuguese India - Goa, Damaon, Silvassa & Diu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Junagadh" title="Annexation of Junagadh">Junagadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" title="Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Insurgencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Punjab">Punjab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue_Star" title="Operation Blue Star">Operation <i>Blue Star</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Woodrose" title="Operation Woodrose">Operation <i>Woodrose</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_operations_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir">Counter-insurgency operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Line_of_Control_strike" title="2016 Indian Line of Control strike">LOC surgical strike</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Factory_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance Factory Board">Ordnance Factory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_military_missiles" title="List of Indian military missiles">Ballistic missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of equipment of the Indian Army">List of equipment of the Indian Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Navy_ships" title="List of active Indian Navy ships">Active Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of ships of the Indian Navy">Historical Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_systems_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Weapon systems of the Indian Navy">Weapon Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Future of the Indian Navy">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft" title="List of active Indian military aircraft">Active Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_aircraft_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of historical aircraft of the Indian Air Force">Historical Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Air_Force_aircraft_squadrons" title="List of active Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons">Aircraft Squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Future of the Indian Air Force">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ensuring_Secure_Seas:_Indian_Maritime_Security_Strategy" title="Ensuring Secure Seas: Indian Maritime Security Strategy">Indian Maritime Security Strategy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_fleet_review" title="President's fleet review">President's fleet review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Colour_Award" title="President's Colour Award">President's Colour Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Women in the Indian Armed Forces">Women in the Indian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Flag_Day" title="Armed Forces Flag Day">Armed Forces Flag Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Tribunal" title="Armed Forces Tribunal">Armed Forces Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_rank_flags" title="Indian Armed Forces rank flags">Indian Armed Forces rank flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_military_bands" title="Indian military bands">Indian military bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amar Jawan Jyoti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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