CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Shriners - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"78188f37-5547-4b1a-b340-5d3a96402a17","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Shriners","wgTitle":"Shriners","wgCurRevisionId":1253963178,"wgRevisionId":1253963178,"wgArticleId":28923,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2024","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Shriners","1870 establishments in New York (state)","Clubs and societies in Canada","Masonic organizations","Organizations based in Florida","Organizations established in 1870"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Shriners","wgRelevantArticleId":28923,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1934902", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Shriners_International_emblem.svg/1200px-Shriners_International_emblem.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1028"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Shriners_International_emblem.svg/800px-Shriners_International_emblem.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="685"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Shriners_International_emblem.svg/640px-Shriners_International_emblem.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="548"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Shriners - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shriners"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shriners"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Shriners rootpage-Shriners skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Shriners" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Shriners" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Shriners" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Shriners" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Black_Shrine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_Shrine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Black Shrine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_Shrine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syria_mosque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syria_mosque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Syria mosque</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syria_mosque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women's_auxiliaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_auxiliaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Women's auxiliaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women's_auxiliaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizational_rebranding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizational_rebranding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Organizational rebranding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizational_rebranding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Philanthropy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Philanthropy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shriners_Hospitals_for_Children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shriners_Hospitals_for_Children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Shriners Hospitals for Children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shriners_Hospitals_for_Children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shriners_International_Imperial_Sessions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shriners_International_Imperial_Sessions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Shriners International Imperial Sessions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shriners_International_Imperial_Sessions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shriners</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="شرينرز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شرينرز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shriners_International" title="Shriners International – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shriners International" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shriners" title="Shriners – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shriners" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shriners_International" title="Shriners International – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shriners International" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shriners" title="Shriners – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shriners" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shriners" title="Shriners – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Shriners" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0rajneri" title="Šrajneri – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šrajneri" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shriners" title="Shriners – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shriners" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shriners" title="Shriners – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shriners" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shriners" title="Shriners – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shriners" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shriners" title="Shriners – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Shriners" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shriners" title="Shriners – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shriners" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shrine" title="The Shrine – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="The Shrine" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Shrine" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Шрайнери – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шрайнери" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1934902#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shriners" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Shriners" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shriners"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shriners"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Shriners" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Shriners" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&oldid=1253963178" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Shriners&id=1253963178&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FShriners"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FShriners"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Shriners&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shriners" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1934902" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Masonic organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Shriner" and "Nobles of the Mystic Shrine" redirect here. For the surname, see <a href="/wiki/Schreiner_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schreiner (disambiguation)">Schreiner (disambiguation)</a>. For the march by John Philip Sousa, see <a href="/wiki/Nobles_of_the_Mystic_Shrine_(march)" title="Nobles of the Mystic Shrine (march)">Nobles of the Mystic Shrine (march)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shriners_International_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Shriners_International_emblem.svg/260px-Shriners_International_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Shriners_International_emblem.svg/390px-Shriners_International_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Shriners_International_emblem.svg/520px-Shriners_International_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="257" /></a><figcaption>Logo of Shriners International</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Freemasonry" title="Category:Freemasonry">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Compas-equerre-ap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Compas-equerre-ap.png/50px-Compas-equerre-ap.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Compas-equerre-ap.png/75px-Compas-equerre-ap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Compas-equerre-ap.png/100px-Compas-equerre-ap.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="863" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Overview</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge" title="Grand Lodge">Grand Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge" title="Masonic lodge">Masonic lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge_officers" class="mw-redirect" title="Masonic lodge officers">Masonic lodge officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(Freemasonry)" title="Grand Master (Freemasonry)">Grand Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hall_Freemasonry" title="Prince Hall Freemasonry">Prince Hall Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_Masonic_jurisdiction" title="Regular Masonic jurisdiction">Regular Masonic jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-American_Freemasonry" title="Anglo-American Freemasonry">Anglo-American Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Freemasonry" title="Continental Freemasonry">Continental Freemasonry</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Freemasonry" title="History of Freemasonry">History of Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9_ch%C3%A9rie" title="Liberté chérie">Liberté chérie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_manuscripts" title="Masonic manuscripts">Masonic manuscripts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Masonic bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Masonic</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_bodies" title="Masonic bodies">Masonic bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Rite" title="York Rite">York Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mark_Master_Masons" title="Order of Mark Master Masons">Order of Mark Master Masons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Royal_Arch" title="Holy Royal Arch">Holy Royal Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Arch_Masonry" title="Royal Arch Masonry">Royal Arch Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptic_Masonry" title="Cryptic Masonry">Cryptic Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar_(Freemasonry)" title="Knights Templar (Freemasonry)">Knights Templar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Cross_of_Constantine" title="Red Cross of Constantine">Red Cross of Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Rite" title="Scottish Rite">Scottish Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_Kadosh" title="Knight Kadosh">Knight Kadosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societas_Rosicruciana" title="Societas Rosicruciana">Societas Rosicruciana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Royal_and_Select_Masters" title="Order of Royal and Select Masters">Order of Royal and Select Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_College_of_Rites" title="Grand College of Rites">Grand College of Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Rite" title="Swedish Rite">Swedish Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Thomas_of_Acon" title="Order of Saint Thomas of Acon">Order of Saint Thomas of Acon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Scotland" title="Royal Order of Scotland">Royal Order of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Knight_Masons" title="Order of Knight Masons">Order of Knight Masons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_Lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Research Lodge">Research Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Antient_Order_of_Noble_Corks" title="Ye Antient Order of Noble Corks">Corks</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Side degrees</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Jesters" title="Royal Order of Jesters">Royal Order of Jesters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_Cedars_of_Lebanon" title="Tall Cedars of Lebanon">Tall Cedars of Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Order_of_Veiled_Prophets_of_the_Enchanted_Realm" title="Mystic Order of Veiled Prophets of the Enchanted Realm">The Grotto</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Masonic groups for women</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_Freemasonry" class="mw-redirect" title="Women and Freemasonry">Women and Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Amaranth" title="Order of the Amaranth">Order of the Amaranth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Eastern_Star" title="Order of the Eastern Star">Order of the Eastern Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hall_Order_of_the_Eastern_Star" title="Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star">Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-Freemasonry" title="Co-Freemasonry">Co-Freemasonry</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Masonic youth organizations</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DeMolay_International" title="DeMolay International">DeMolay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.J.E.F." title="A.J.E.F.">A.J.E.F.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job%27s_Daughters_International" title="Job's Daughters International">Job's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Order_of_the_Rainbow_for_Girls" title="International Order of the Rainbow for Girls">International Order of the Rainbow for Girls</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Views on Masonry</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Anti-Masonic_Exhibition" title="Grand Anti-Masonic Exhibition">Grand Anti-Masonic Exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_conspiracy_theories" title="Masonic conspiracy theories">Masonic conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_attitudes_towards_Freemasonry" title="Christian attitudes towards Freemasonry">Christian attitudes towards Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_ban_of_Freemasonry" title="Papal ban of Freemasonry">Papal ban of Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxil_hoax" title="Taxil hoax">Taxil hoax</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">People and places</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_Temple" title="Masonic Temple">Masonic Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Anderson_(Freemason)" title="James Anderson (Freemason)">James Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hall" title="Prince Hall">Prince Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Preston_(Freemason)" title="William Preston (Freemason)">William Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Smith_Webb" title="Thomas Smith Webb">Thomas Smith Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Mackey" title="Albert Mackey">Albert Mackey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Pike" title="Albert Pike">Albert Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Schaw" title="William Schaw">William Schaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Aldworth" title="Elizabeth Aldworth">Elizabeth Aldworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Freemasons" title="List of Freemasons">List of Freemasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodge_Mother_Kilwinning" title="Lodge Mother Kilwinning">Lodge Mother Kilwinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasons%27_Hall,_London" title="Freemasons' Hall, London">Freemasons' Hall, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Masons%27_Hall,_London" title="Mark Masons' Hall, London">Mark Masons' Hall, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Temple" title="House of the Temple">House of the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Masonic_Temple" title="Detroit Masonic Temple">Detroit Masonic Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_buildings" title="List of Masonic buildings">List of Masonic buildings</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_ritual_and_symbolism" title="Masonic ritual and symbolism">Masonic ritual and symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Architect_of_the_Universe" title="Great Architect of the Universe">Great Architect of the Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_and_Compasses" title="Square and Compasses">Square and Compasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigpen_cipher" title="Pigpen cipher">Pigpen cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Providence" title="Eye of Providence">Eye of Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Abiff" title="Hiram Abiff">Hiram Abiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Reflection" title="Chamber of Reflection">Chamber of Reflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_Abbreviations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Masonic Abbreviations">List of Masonic Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprig_of_Acacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sprig of Acacia">Sprig of Acacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_Landmarks" title="Masonic Landmarks">Masonic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morals_and_Dogma_of_the_Ancient_and_Accepted_Scottish_Rite_of_Freemasonry" title="Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry">Pike's <i>Morals and Dogma</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Due" title="Propaganda Due">Propaganda Due</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahiman_Rezon" title="Ahiman Rezon">Dermott's <i>Ahiman Rezon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_of_Sacred_Law" title="Volume of Sacred Law">Volume of Sacred Law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">By country</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Barbados" title="Freemasonry in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Belgium" title="Freemasonry in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Canada" title="Freemasonry in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Croatia" title="Freemasonry in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Denmark" title="Freemasonry in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_France" title="Freemasonry in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Finland" title="Freemasonry in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Germany" title="Freemasonry in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Order_of_Freemasons" title="Icelandic Order of Freemasons">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_India" title="Grand Lodge of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Indonesia" title="Freemasonry in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Italy" title="Freemasonry in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Lebanon" title="Freemasonry in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Luxembourg" title="Freemasonry in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Malta" title="Freemasonry in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Mexico" title="Freemasonry in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_North_Macedonia" title="Freemasonry in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_the_Philippines" title="Freemasonry in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Portugal" title="Freemasonry in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Romania" title="Freemasonry in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemasonry in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Scotland" title="Freemasonry in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_South_Africa" title="Freemasonry in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Spain" title="Freemasonry in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemasonry in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Sweden" title="Freemasonry in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Turkey" title="Freemasonry in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Ukraine" title="Freemasonry in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Venezuela" title="Freemasonry in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_the_United_States" title="Freemasonry in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Freemasonry_sidebar" title="Template:Freemasonry sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Freemasonry_sidebar" title="Template talk:Freemasonry sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Freemasonry_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Freemasonry sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shriners International</b>, formally known as the <b>Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine</b> (<b>AAONMS</b>), is an American <a href="/wiki/Masonic_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Masonic body">Masonic society</a>. Founded in 1872 in New York City, it is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a> and has over 200 chapters across nine countries, with a global membership of nearly 200,000 "Shriners".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization is known for its colorful <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle Eastern theme</a>, elaborate participation in parades and festivals, and the <a href="/wiki/Shriners_Hospitals_for_Children" title="Shriners Hospitals for Children">Shriners Children's</a> network of nonprofit pediatric medical facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shriners International describes itself as a global <a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">fraternity</a> "based on fun, fellowship, and the Masonic principles of brotherly love, relief, and truth".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an <a href="/wiki/Masonic_bodies#Appendant_bodies" title="Masonic bodies">appendant body within Freemasonry</a>, membership is open to men who have been initiated as <a href="/wiki/Master_Mason" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Mason">Master Masons</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Masonic_rites" class="mw-redirect" title="Masonic rites">Masonic rite</a>; various partner organizations accept women and youth.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shriners are obliged to uphold the fraternity's mission and values, which include self-improvement, service and leadership to the community, and active involvement in social and philanthropic causes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shriners International is recognizable for its Middle Eastern-inspired iconography, ceremonies, and motif: Shriners wear distinctive red <a href="/wiki/Fez_(hat)" title="Fez (hat)">fezzes</a> as their official headgear, while fraternal regalia often features camels, pyramids, the Sphinx and other ancient Egyptian and Arabian symbols. The headquarters of local chapters, formally known as Shrine Centers, are sometimes called "Temples" or even "Mosques";<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most have names such as Egypt, Sahara, Morocco, and Oasis, and many are built in the <a href="/wiki/Moorish_Revival_architecture" title="Moorish Revival architecture">Moorish Revival</a> style. The organization is governed by the "<a href="/wiki/Divan" title="Divan">Imperial Divan</a>"—referring to the traditional government councils of the Near East—composed of 12 "Imperial Officers" who serve as a <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board of directors</a>. However, Shriners International has no connection with the region nor with Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Previously known as <b>Shriners North America</b>, the fraternity adopted its current name in 2010 in recognition of its increasingly global membership; as of 2024, there are Shrine Centers in Canada (since 1888), Mexico (1907) and Panama (1918), Puerto Rico, the Philippines (2010), Germany (2011), Brazil (2015) and Bolivia (2018).<sup id="cite_ref-:13_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable American Shriners include FBI Director <a href="/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover" title="J. Edgar Hoover">J. Edgar Hoover</a>, actors <a href="/wiki/Mel_Blanc" title="Mel Blanc">Mel Blanc</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine" title="Ernest Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rogers" title="Roy Rogers">Roy Rogers</a>, Supreme Court chief justice <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>, and presidents <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry Truman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PittApril20112_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PittApril20112-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr_Walter_Millard_Fleming.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dr_Walter_Millard_Fleming.jpg/220px-Dr_Walter_Millard_Fleming.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dr_Walter_Millard_Fleming.jpg/330px-Dr_Walter_Millard_Fleming.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dr_Walter_Millard_Fleming.jpg/440px-Dr_Walter_Millard_Fleming.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="718" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Walter_M._Fleming" title="Walter M. Fleming">Walter M. Fleming</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_J_Conlin_-_Florence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/William_J_Conlin_-_Florence.jpg/220px-William_J_Conlin_-_Florence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/William_J_Conlin_-_Florence.jpg/330px-William_J_Conlin_-_Florence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/William_J_Conlin_-_Florence.jpg/440px-William_J_Conlin_-_Florence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_J._Florence" title="William J. Florence">William J. Florence</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1870, there were several thousand <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasons</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, many of whom lunched at the Knickerbocker Cottage at a special table on the second floor. There, the idea of a new fraternity for Masons, stressing fun and fellowship, was discussed. Together, <a href="/wiki/Walter_M._Fleming" title="Walter M. Fleming">Walter M. Fleming</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_J._Florence" title="William J. Florence">William J. Florence</a> established a separate fellowship to fulfill those ideals. </p><p>While on tour in <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, Florence, an actor, was invited to a party given by an <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> diplomat. The entertainment was a musical comedy. At its conclusion, the guests became members of a secret society. Florence took notes and drawings at his initial viewing and on two other occasions, once in <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> and once in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>. When he returned to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> in 1870, he showed his material to Fleming.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fleming created the ritual, emblem and costumes. Florence and Fleming were initiated August 13, 1870, and they initiated 11 men on June 16, 1871.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The group adopted a <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle Eastern</a> theme and soon established Temple, although the term Temple has now been replaced by <a href="/wiki/Shrine_Auditorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrine Auditorium">Shrine Auditorium</a> or Shrine Center. The first Temple established was Mecca Temple, established at the <a href="/wiki/Masonic_Hall_(Manhattan)" title="Masonic Hall (Manhattan)">New York City Masonic Hall</a> on September 26, 1872. Fleming was the first potentate.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1875, there were 43 Shriners in the organization. To encourage membership, the Imperial Grand Council of the Ancient Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine for North America was created at the June 6, 1876 meeting of Mecca Temple. Fleming was elected the first imperial potentate. By 1878, there were 425 members in 13 temples in eight states, and by 1888, there were 7,210 members in 48 temples in the United States and Canada. By the Imperial Session held in Washington, D.C. in 1900, there were 55,000 members and 82 Temples.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_Shrine">Black Shrine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Black Shrine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, the Shrine was open to only white men. In 1893, a black counterpart to the Shriners movement was initiated by John G. Jones and other <a href="/wiki/Prince_Hall_Freemasonry" title="Prince Hall Freemasonry">Prince Hall masons</a>, initially called The Ancient Egyptian Arabic Order Nobles Mystic Shrine of North and South America and Its Jurisdictions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early in the group's history, there was legal conflict between the white and black orders, with a white order from Texas filing suit against a local black order for infringement of white Shriners regalia and traditions. The white order was initially successful in quashing the black temple until the ruling was overturned in appeals in 1929, protecting the right of black Shriners to continue practicing and fundraising nationwide.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Worldwide Fraternal Shrine Family counts 35,000 members in 227 shrines, with its own women's auxiliary organizations. Their primary recipients of charitable donations are the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Negro_College_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="United Negro College Fund">the UNCF</a>, and various hospitals and universities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syria_mosque">Syria mosque</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Syria mosque"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1911, the <a href="/wiki/Syria_Mosque" title="Syria Mosque">Syria Mosque</a> was completed in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> and inaugurated in 1916. This 3,700-seat performance venue, originally for Shriners, later became significant as the "birthplace of network television."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of <a href="/wiki/Exotic_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Exotic Revival architecture">Exotic Revival architecture</a>, it was never used as a mosque but featured religious Arabic iconography and inscriptions,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> partly based on the <a href="/wiki/Alhambra" title="Alhambra">Alhambra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Architect Gulzar Haider was "fascinated" by its design, but criticized the "insensitive and callous misuse of another religion’s artistic vocabulary and symbolic grammar," claiming it was part of the "'oriental obsession' of the otherwise '<a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">puritanical</a>' Europeans and Americans."<sup id="cite_ref-:02_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Musicians who have performed at the Syria Mosque include <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Buffett" title="Jimmy Buffett">Jimmy Buffett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a>. Political event hosts included <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>. Despite efforts to conserve the building as a historic landmark, the Syria Mosque was torn down in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women's_auxiliaries"><span id="Women.27s_auxiliaries"></span>Women's auxiliaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Women's auxiliaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ladies Oriental Shrine of North America was founded in 1903 in <a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_West_Virginia" title="Wheeling, West Virginia">Wheeling, West Virginia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Daughters of the Nile was founded in 1913 in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both are for women only and they support the Shriners Hospitals and promote sociability. Membership in either organization is open to any woman 18 years of age and older who is related to a Shriner or Master Mason by birth or marriage. The latter organization has local branches called "Temples," and there were ten of these in 1922. Among the famous members of the Daughters of the Nile was <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady</a> <a href="/wiki/Florence_Harding" title="Florence Harding">Florence Harding</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth">Growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1938 there were about 340,000 members in the United States. That year, <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i> published photographs of the Shriners' rites. It described the Shriners as being the first in prestige, wealth and show among secret societies, and that Shriners organizations typically include a town's most prominent citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-life19380516_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-life19380516-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizational_rebranding">Organizational rebranding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organizational rebranding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In 2002, following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, the "faux-Middle Eastern practices and trappings" led Shriners to be "mistaken for a Muslim organization, leading to harassment and vandalism."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This included threatening phone calls and harassment of Rhode Island Shriners (formerly known as Palestine Temple Shriners) driving a Shriners van to transport sick children to Shriner hospitals.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:News._Daughters_of_the_Nile_BAnQ_P48S1P16779.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/News._Daughters_of_the_Nile_BAnQ_P48S1P16779.jpg/220px-News._Daughters_of_the_Nile_BAnQ_P48S1P16779.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/News._Daughters_of_the_Nile_BAnQ_P48S1P16779.jpg/330px-News._Daughters_of_the_Nile_BAnQ_P48S1P16779.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/News._Daughters_of_the_Nile_BAnQ_P48S1P16779.jpg/440px-News._Daughters_of_the_Nile_BAnQ_P48S1P16779.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption>Daughters of the Nile at <a href="/wiki/Shriners_Hospital_for_Children_%E2%80%93_Canada" title="Shriners Hospital for Children – Canada">Shriners Hospital for Children – Canada</a> in Montreal in 1948.</figcaption></figure><p>By 2011, Shriners removed much of the Middle Eastern theming, both locally<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and within the broader organization.<sup id="cite_ref-PittApril2011_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PittApril2011-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was in continued response to "the events of Sept. 11, 2001 and subsequent military conflicts."<sup id="cite_ref-PittApril2011_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PittApril2011-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Changes included renaming the organization from "Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine" to "Shriners International;" renaming the "Arabic Patrol" to "The Patrol" and removing the word Syria from Syria Shriners vanity plates. Despite these changes, the Illustrious Potentate of Pittsburgh's Syria Shrine chapter stated that "pretty much all non-atheists are welcome, including Muslims."<sup id="cite_ref-PittApril2011_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PittApril2011-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, a Mason had to complete either the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Rite" title="Scottish Rite">Scottish Rite</a> or <a href="/wiki/York_Rite" title="York Rite">York Rite</a> systems to be eligible for membership in the Shrine.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT1883_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT1883-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991, <a href="/wiki/Bricklayer" title="Bricklayer">brick-mason</a> Michael G. Vaughan filed a lawsuit against the Oleika Shrine Temple in <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a>, for hazing practices to which he said he was subjected in his efforts to become a Shriner. In court, Vaughan told jurors that in June 1989, he was blindfolded and received a jolt of electricity that was applied to his bare buttocks as part of the Shriners' initiation rites. He said he was forced to walk on an electric mat that was meant to simulate the hot sands of the Sahara, and that he was knocked unconscious and received other injuries during his initiation. Vaughan said the initiation left him humiliated and embarrassed, and caused him to suffer anxiety, nightmares, and a sleep disorder.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After two hours of deliberation, the jury rejected the claim.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the earliest Shrine Centers often chose a <a href="/wiki/Moorish_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorish Revival">Moorish Revival</a> style for their Temples. Architecturally notable Shriners Temples include: the <a href="/wiki/Shrine_Auditorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrine Auditorium">Shrine Auditorium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>; the former Mecca Temple, now called <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Center" title="New York City Center">New York City Center</a> and used primarily as a concert hall; <a href="/wiki/Newark_Symphony_Hall" title="Newark Symphony Hall">Newark Symphony Hall</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Landmark_Theater_(Richmond,_Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Landmark Theater (Richmond, Virginia)">Landmark Theater</a> (formerly The Mosque) in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Shrine_Temple" title="Tripoli Shrine Temple">Tripoli Shrine Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Polly_Rosenbaum_Building" title="Polly Rosenbaum Building">Polly Rosenbaum Building</a> (formerly the El Zaribah Shrine Auditorium) in Phoenix; the <a href="/wiki/Helena_Civic_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena Civic Center">Helena Civic Center</a> (Montana) (formerly the Algeria Shrine Temple); <a href="/wiki/Abou_Ben_Adhem_Shrine_Mosque" title="Abou Ben Adhem Shrine Mosque">Abou Ben Adhem Shrine Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri">Springfield, Missouri</a>; Murat Shrine Temple (now <a href="/wiki/Old_National_Centre" title="Old National Centre">Old National Center</a>) in Indianapolis; the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Theatre_(Atlanta,_Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Theatre (Atlanta, Georgia)">Fox Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>, which was jointly built between the Atlanta Shriners and movie mogul <a href="/wiki/William_Fox_(producer)" title="William Fox (producer)">William Fox</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Syria_Mosque" title="Syria Mosque">Syria Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Philanthropy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shriners_Hospitals_for_Children">Shriners Hospitals for Children</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Shriners Hospitals for Children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shriners_Hospitals_for_Children" title="Shriners Hospitals for Children">Shriners Hospitals for Children</a></div> <p>The Shrine's <a href="/wiki/Charitable_organization" title="Charitable organization">charitable</a> arm is the Shriners Hospitals for Children, a network of 22 healthcare facilities in the United States, Mexico, and Canada. </p><p>In June 1920, the Imperial Council Session voted to establish a Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children to treat orthopedic injuries and conditions, diseases, burns, spinal cord injuries, and birth defects, such as cleft lip and palate, in children.<sup id="cite_ref-shrinershospitalsforchildren.org_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shrinershospitalsforchildren.org-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Company_Histories_2005_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Company_Histories_2005-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first hospital opened in 1922 in <a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a>. By the end of the decade 13 more hospitals were operational.<sup id="cite_ref-Company_Histories_2005_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Company_Histories_2005-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Any child under the age of 18 can be admitted to the hospital if a doctor determines the child can be treated.<sup id="cite_ref-Company_Histories_2005_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Company_Histories_2005-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hospitals_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hospitals-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no requirement for religion, race or relationship to a Shriner. </p><p>Until June 2012, all care at Shriners Hospitals was provided without charge to patients and their families. At that time, because the size of their endowment had decreased due to losses in the stock market, Shriners Hospitals started billing patients' insurance companies, but continued to offer free care to children without insurance. Shriners hospitals waive all costs insurance does not cover. Shriners Hospitals for Children is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.<sup id="cite_ref-shrinershospitalsforchildren.org_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shrinershospitalsforchildren.org-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shriners Hospitals for Children are located in these cities<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>:<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li>Boston, MA</li> <li>Chicago, IL</li> <li>Dayton, OH</li> <li>Erie, PA*</li> <li>Galveston, TX</li> <li>Greenville, SC</li> <li>Honolulu, HI</li> <li>Houston, TX</li> <li>Lexington, KY*</li> <li>Mexico City, DF, Mexico</li> <li>Minneapolis, MN</li> <li>Montreal, QC, Canada</li> <li>Pasadena, CA*</li> <li>Philadelphia, PA</li> <li>Portland, OR</li> <li>Sacramento, CA</li> <li>Salt Lake City, UT</li> <li>Shreveport, LA</li> <li>Spokane, WA</li> <li>Springfield, MA</li> <li>St. Louis, MO</li></ul> </div> <p>*This location is an outpatient, ambulatory care center.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016July4-Parade-19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2016July4-Parade-19.jpg/220px-2016July4-Parade-19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2016July4-Parade-19.jpg/330px-2016July4-Parade-19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2016July4-Parade-19.jpg/440px-2016July4-Parade-19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1334" /></a><figcaption>A Shriner clown</figcaption></figure> <p>Shriners host the annual <a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Shrine_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="East–West Shrine Game">East–West Shrine Game</a>, a college <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a> all-star game. </p><p>The Shriners originally hosted a golf tournament in association with singer/actor <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a>, called the Justin Timberlake Shriners Hospitals for Children Open, a <a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour" title="PGA Tour">PGA Tour</a> golf tournament played in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relationship between Timberlake and the Shriners ended in 2012, when the Shriners reported that Timberlake was interested in being involved with the organization only when television cameras were present.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2012, the PGA Tour and Shriners Hospitals for Children announced a five-year title sponsorship extension, carrying the commitment to the Shriners Hospitals for Children Open through 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name was changed to The Shriners Hospitals for Children Open and is played in Las Vegas, Nevada.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Shrine Centers also hold a yearly <a href="/wiki/Shrine_Circus" title="Shrine Circus">Shrine Circus</a> as a fundraiser. </p><p>Once a year, the fraternity meets for the Imperial Session in a North American city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shriners_International_Imperial_Sessions">Shriners International Imperial Sessions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Shriners International Imperial Sessions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Shriners International Imperial Sessions<sup id="cite_ref-imperialsession_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imperialsession-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alchemist_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alchemist-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1921_history_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1921_history-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-paradetoglory_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paradetoglory-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>#</th> <th>Year</th> <th>City</th> <th>State/Province</th> <th>Host Chapter</th> <th>Imperial Potentate </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>1876</td> <td>New York</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Mecca</td> <td>Walter M. Fleming (Mecca) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>1877</td> <td>Albany</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Cyprus</td> <td>Walter M. Fleming (Mecca) </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>1878</td> <td>New York</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Mecca</td> <td>Walter M. Fleming (Mecca) </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>1879</td> <td>Albany</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Cyprus</td> <td>Walter M. Fleming (Mecca) </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>1880</td> <td>New York</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Mecca</td> <td>Walter M. Fleming (Mecca) </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>1880</td> <td>New York</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Mecca</td> <td>Walter M. Fleming (Mecca) </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>1881</td> <td>New York</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Mecca</td> <td>Walter M. Fleming (Mecca) </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>1882</td> <td>New York</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Mecca</td> <td>Walter M. Fleming (Mecca) </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>1883</td> <td>New York</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Mecca</td> <td>Walter M. Fleming (Mecca) </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>1884</td> <td>New York</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Mecca</td> <td>Walter M. Fleming (Mecca) </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>1885</td> <td>New York</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Mecca</td> <td>Walter M. Fleming (Mecca) </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>1886</td> <td>Cleveland</td> <td>OH</td> <td>Al Koran</td> <td>Sam Briggs (Al Koran) </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>1887</td> <td>Indianapolis</td> <td>IN</td> <td>Murat</td> <td>Sam Briggs (Al Koran) </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>1888</td> <td>Toronto</td> <td>Ontario</td> <td>Rameses</td> <td>Sam Briggs (Al Koran) </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>1889</td> <td>Chicago</td> <td>IL</td> <td>Medinah</td> <td>Sam Briggs (Al Koran) </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td>1890</td> <td>Pittsburgh</td> <td>PA</td> <td>Syria</td> <td>Sam Briggs (Al Koran) </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td>1891</td> <td>Niagara Falls</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Ismailia</td> <td>Sam Briggs (Al Koran) </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td>1892</td> <td>Omaha</td> <td>NE</td> <td>Tangier</td> <td>William B. Melish (Syrian) </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td>1893</td> <td>Cincinnati</td> <td>OH</td> <td>Syria</td> <td>William B. Melish (Syrian) </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>1894</td> <td>Denver</td> <td>CO</td> <td>El Jebel</td> <td>Thomas J. Hudson (Syria) </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td>1895</td> <td>Nantasket Beach</td> <td>MA</td> <td>Aleppo</td> <td>Charles L. Field (Islam) </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td>1896</td> <td>Cleveland</td> <td>OH</td> <td>Al Koran</td> <td>Harrison Dingman (Almas) </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td>1897</td> <td>Detroit</td> <td>MI</td> <td>Moslem</td> <td>Albert B. McGaffey (El Jebel) </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td>1898</td> <td>Dallas</td> <td>TX</td> <td>Hella</td> <td>Ethelbert F. Allen (Ararat) </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td>1899</td> <td>Buffalo</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Ismailia</td> <td>John H. Atwood (Tangier) </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td>1900</td> <td>Washington</td> <td>DC</td> <td>Almas</td> <td>Lou B. Winsor (Saladin) </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td>1901</td> <td>Kansas City</td> <td>MO</td> <td>Ararat</td> <td>Philip C. Shaffer (Lu Lu) </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td>1902</td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>CA</td> <td>Islam</td> <td>Henry C. Akin (Tangier) </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td>1903</td> <td>Saratoga Springs</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Oriental</td> <td>George L. Brown (Ismailia) </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>1904</td> <td>Atlantic City</td> <td>NJ</td> <td>Crescent</td> <td>George L. Brown (Ismailia) </td></tr> <tr> <td>31</td> <td>1905</td> <td>Niagara Falls</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Ismailia</td> <td>Henry A. Collins (Rameses) </td></tr> <tr> <td>32</td> <td>1906</td> <td>Chicago</td> <td>IL</td> <td>Medinah</td> <td>Alvah P. Clayton (Moila) </td></tr> <tr> <td>33</td> <td>1907</td> <td>Los Angeles</td> <td>CA</td> <td>Al Malaikah</td> <td>Frank C. Roundy (Medinah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>34</td> <td>1908</td> <td>Saint Paul</td> <td>MN</td> <td>Osman</td> <td>Edwin I. Alderman (El Kahir) </td></tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td>1909</td> <td>Louisville</td> <td>KY</td> <td>Kosair</td> <td>George L. Street (Acca) </td></tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td>1910</td> <td>New Orleans</td> <td>LA</td> <td>Jerusalem</td> <td>Fred A. Hines (Al Malaikah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>37</td> <td>1911</td> <td>Rochester</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Damascus</td> <td>John F. Treat (El Zagal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>38</td> <td>1912</td> <td>Los Angeles</td> <td>CA</td> <td>Al Malaikah</td> <td>William J. Cunningham (Boumi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>39</td> <td>1913</td> <td>Dallas</td> <td>TX</td> <td>Hella</td> <td>William W. Irwin (Osiris) </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td>1914</td> <td>Atlanta</td> <td>GA</td> <td>Yaarab</td> <td>Frederick R. Smith (Damascus) </td></tr> <tr> <td>41</td> <td>1915</td> <td>Seattle</td> <td>WA</td> <td>Nile</td> <td>J. Putnam Stevens (Kora) </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td>1916</td> <td>Buffalo</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Ismailia</td> <td>Henry F. Niedringhaus, Jr. (Moolah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>43</td> <td>1917</td> <td>Minneapolis</td> <td>MN</td> <td>Zurah</td> <td>Charles E. Ovenshire (Zuhrah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>44</td> <td>1918</td> <td>Atlantic City</td> <td>NJ</td> <td>Crescent</td> <td>Elias J. Jacoby (Murat) </td></tr> <tr> <td>45</td> <td>1919</td> <td>Indianapolis</td> <td>IN</td> <td>Murat</td> <td>W. Freeland Kendrick (Lu Lu) </td></tr> <tr> <td>46</td> <td>1920</td> <td>Portland</td> <td>OR</td> <td>Al Kader</td> <td>Ellis Lewis Garretson (Afifi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>47</td> <td>1921</td> <td>Des Moines</td> <td>IA</td> <td>Za-Ga-Zig</td> <td>Ernest A. Cutts (Alee) </td></tr> <tr> <td>48</td> <td>1922</td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>CA</td> <td>Islam</td> <td>James S. McCandless (Aloha) </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td>1923</td> <td>Washington</td> <td>DC</td> <td>Almas</td> <td>Conrad V. Dykeman (Kismet) </td></tr> <tr> <td>50</td> <td>1924</td> <td>Kansas City</td> <td>MO</td> <td>Ararat</td> <td>James E. Chandler (Ararat) </td></tr> <tr> <td>51</td> <td>1925</td> <td>Los Angeles</td> <td>CA</td> <td>Al Malaikah</td> <td>James C. Burger (El Jebel) </td></tr> <tr> <td>52</td> <td>1926</td> <td>Philadelphia</td> <td>PA</td> <td>Lu Lu</td> <td>David W. Crosland (Alcazar) </td></tr> <tr> <td>53</td> <td>1927</td> <td>Atlantic City</td> <td>NJ</td> <td>Crescent</td> <td>Clarence M. Dunbar (Palestine) </td></tr> <tr> <td>54</td> <td>1928</td> <td>Miami</td> <td>FL</td> <td>Mahi</td> <td>Frank C. Jones (Arabia) </td></tr> <tr> <td>55</td> <td>1929</td> <td>Los Angeles</td> <td>CA</td> <td>Al Malaikah</td> <td>Leo V. Youngworth (Al Malaikah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>56</td> <td>1930</td> <td>Toronto</td> <td>Ontario</td> <td>Rameses</td> <td>Esten A. Fletcher (Damascus) </td></tr> <tr> <td>57</td> <td>1931</td> <td>Cleveland</td> <td>OH</td> <td>Al Koran</td> <td>Thomas J. Houston (Medinah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>58</td> <td>1932</td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>CA</td> <td>Islam</td> <td>Earl C. Mills (Za-Ga-Zig) </td></tr> <tr> <td>59</td> <td>1933</td> <td>Atlantic City</td> <td>NJ</td> <td>Crescent</td> <td>John N. Sebrell (Khedive) </td></tr> <tr> <td>60</td> <td>1934</td> <td>Minneapolis</td> <td>MN</td> <td>Zurah</td> <td>Dana S. Williams (Kora) </td></tr> <tr> <td>61</td> <td>1935</td> <td>Washington</td> <td>DC</td> <td>Almas</td> <td>Leonard P. Steuart (Almas) </td></tr> <tr> <td>62</td> <td>1936</td> <td>Seattle</td> <td>WA</td> <td>Nile</td> <td>Clyde I. Webster (Moslem) </td></tr> <tr> <td>63</td> <td>1937</td> <td>Detroit</td> <td>MI</td> <td>Moslem</td> <td>Walter Smith Sugden (Osiris) </td></tr> <tr> <td>64</td> <td>1938</td> <td>Los Angeles</td> <td>CA</td> <td>Al Malaikah</td> <td>A. A. D. Rahn (Zurah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>65</td> <td>1939</td> <td>Baltimore</td> <td>MD</td> <td>Boumi</td> <td>Walter D. Cline (Maskat) </td></tr> <tr> <td>66</td> <td>1940</td> <td>Memphis</td> <td>TN</td> <td>Al Chymia</td> <td>George F. Olendorf (Abou Ben Adhem) </td></tr> <tr> <td>67</td> <td>1941</td> <td>Indianapolis</td> <td>IN</td> <td>Murat</td> <td>Thomas C. Law (Yaarab) </td></tr> <tr> <td>68</td> <td>1942</td> <td>Chicago</td> <td>IL</td> <td>Medinah</td> <td>Albert H. Fiebach (Al Koran) </td></tr> <tr> <td>69</td> <td>1943</td> <td>Chicago</td> <td>IL</td> <td>Medinah</td> <td>Morley E. MacKenzie (Rameses) </td></tr> <tr> <td>70</td> <td>1944</td> <td>Milwaukee</td> <td>WI</td> <td>Tripoli</td> <td>Alfred G. Arvold (El Zagal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>71</td> <td>1945</td> <td>Chicago</td> <td>IL</td> <td>Medinah</td> <td>William H. Woodfield Jr. (Islam) </td></tr> <tr> <td>72</td> <td>1946</td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>CA</td> <td>Islam</td> <td>George H. Bowe (Cyprus) </td></tr> <tr> <td>73</td> <td>1947</td> <td>Atlantic City</td> <td>NJ</td> <td>Crescent</td> <td>Karl Rex Hammers (Syria) </td></tr> <tr> <td>74</td> <td>1948</td> <td>Atlantic City</td> <td>NJ</td> <td>Crescent</td> <td>Gallaway Calhoun (Sharon) </td></tr> <tr> <td>75</td> <td>1949</td> <td>Chicago</td> <td>IL</td> <td>Medinah</td> <td>Harold Clayton Lloyd (Al Malaikah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>76</td> <td>1950</td> <td>Los Angeles</td> <td>CA</td> <td>Al Malaikah</td> <td>Hubert McNeill Poteat (Sudan) </td></tr> <tr> <td>77</td> <td>1951</td> <td>New York</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Mecca</td> <td>Robert Gardiner Wilson, Jr. (Aleppo) </td></tr> <tr> <td>78</td> <td>1952</td> <td>Miami</td> <td>FL</td> <td>Mahi</td> <td>Harvey A. Beffa (Moolah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>79</td> <td>1953</td> <td>New York</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Mecca</td> <td>Remmie LeRoy Arnold (Acca) </td></tr> <tr> <td>80</td> <td>1954</td> <td>Atlantic City</td> <td>NJ</td> <td>Crescent</td> <td>Frank S. Land (Ararat) </td></tr> <tr> <td>81</td> <td>1955</td> <td>Chicago</td> <td>IL</td> <td>Medinah</td> <td>Walter C. Gay (Scimitar) </td></tr> <tr> <td>82</td> <td>1956</td> <td>Detroit</td> <td>MI</td> <td>Moslem</td> <td>Gerald D. Crary (Naja) </td></tr> <tr> <td>83</td> <td>1957</td> <td>Atlanta</td> <td>GA</td> <td>Yaarab</td> <td>Thomas W. Melham (Zemora) </td></tr> <tr> <td>84</td> <td>1958</td> <td>Chicago</td> <td>IL</td> <td>Medinah</td> <td>George E. Stringfellow (Salaam) </td></tr> <tr> <td>85</td> <td>1959</td> <td>Atlantic City</td> <td>NJ</td> <td>Crescent</td> <td>Clayton F. Andrews (El Maida) </td></tr> <tr> <td>86</td> <td>1960</td> <td>Denver</td> <td>CO</td> <td>El Jebel</td> <td>George A. Mattison, Jr. (Zamora) </td></tr> <tr> <td>87</td> <td>1961</td> <td>Miami</td> <td>FL</td> <td>Mahi</td> <td>Marshall M. (Marsh) Porter (Al Azhar) </td></tr> <tr> <td>88</td> <td>1962</td> <td>Toronto</td> <td>Ontario</td> <td>Rameses</td> <td>George M. Klepper, Sr. (Al Chymia) </td></tr> <tr> <td>89</td> <td>1963</td> <td>Chicago</td> <td>IL</td> <td>Medinah</td> <td>Harold C. Close (Sphinx) </td></tr> <tr> <td>90</td> <td>1964</td> <td>New York</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Mecca</td> <td>O. Carlyle Brock (Zem Zem) </td></tr> <tr> <td>91</td> <td>1965</td> <td>Washington</td> <td>DC</td> <td>Almas</td> <td>Barney W. Collins (Anezeh) </td></tr> <tr> <td>92</td> <td>1966</td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>CA</td> <td>Islam</td> <td>Orville F. Rush (Kena) </td></tr> <tr> <td>93</td> <td>1967</td> <td>Washington</td> <td>DC</td> <td>Almas</td> <td>Thomas F. Seay (Medinah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>94</td> <td>1968</td> <td>Chicago</td> <td>IL</td> <td>Medinah</td> <td>Chester A. Hogan (Nile) </td></tr> <tr> <td>95</td> <td>1969</td> <td>Seattle</td> <td>WA</td> <td>Nile</td> <td>J. Worth Baker (Murat) </td></tr> <tr> <td>96</td> <td>1970</td> <td>Indianapolis</td> <td>IN</td> <td>Murat</td> <td>Aubrey G. Graham (Khedive) </td></tr> <tr> <td>97</td> <td>1971</td> <td>Miami</td> <td>FL</td> <td>Mahi</td> <td>C. Victor Thornton (Moslah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>98</td> <td>1972</td> <td>Dallas</td> <td>TX</td> <td>Hella</td> <td>Henry B. Struby (Hadi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>99</td> <td>1973</td> <td>Atlanta</td> <td>GA</td> <td>Yaarab</td> <td>J. A. Wingerter (Salaam) </td></tr> <tr> <td>100</td> <td>1974</td> <td>Atlantic City</td> <td>NJ</td> <td>Crescent</td> <td>Jack M. Streight (Gizeh) </td></tr> <tr> <td>101</td> <td>1975</td> <td>Toronto</td> <td>Ontario</td> <td>Rameses</td> <td>W. W. (Woody) Bennett (Ararat) </td></tr> <tr> <td>102</td> <td>1976</td> <td>Kansas City</td> <td>MO</td> <td>Arara</td> <td>Peter Val Preda (Cairo) </td></tr> <tr> <td>103</td> <td>1977</td> <td>New York</td> <td>NY</td> <td>Mecca</td> <td>Fred R. Morrison, Sr. (Moslem) </td></tr> <tr> <td>104</td> <td>1978</td> <td>Detroit</td> <td>MI</td> <td>Moslem</td> <td>Warren F. Weck, Jr. (Zuhrah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>105</td> <td>1979</td> <td>Denver</td> <td>CO</td> <td>El Jebel</td> <td>Charles J. Claypool (Antioch) </td></tr> <tr> <td>106</td> <td>1980</td> <td>Milwaukee</td> <td>WI</td> <td>Tripoli</td> <td>F. T. H. Doubler, Jr. (Abou Ben Adhem) </td></tr> <tr> <td>107</td> <td>1981</td> <td>New Orleans</td> <td>LA</td> <td>Jerusalem</td> <td>Randolph R. Thomas (Morocco) </td></tr> <tr> <td>108</td> <td>1982</td> <td>Orlando</td> <td>FL</td> <td>Bahia</td> <td>Daniel E. Bowers (Mohammed) </td></tr> <tr> <td>109</td> <td>1983</td> <td>Denver</td> <td>CO</td> <td>El Jebel</td> <td>Richard B. Olfene (Kora) </td></tr> <tr> <td>110</td> <td>1984</td> <td>Boston</td> <td>MA</td> <td>Aleppo</td> <td>V. Gene Bracewell (Yaarab) </td></tr> <tr> <td>111</td> <td>1985</td> <td>Atlanta</td> <td>GA</td> <td>Yaarab</td> <td>Walker S. Kisselburgh (Al Malaikah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>112</td> <td>1986</td> <td>Los Angeles</td> <td>CA</td> <td>Al Malaikah</td> <td>Russell H. Anthony (El Kahir) </td></tr> <tr> <td>113</td> <td>1987</td> <td>Las Vegas</td> <td>NV</td> <td>Zelzah</td> <td>Voris King (Habibi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>114</td> <td>1988</td> <td>New Orleans</td> <td>LA</td> <td>Jerusalem</td> <td>Edward G. McMullan (Al Azhar) </td></tr> <tr> <td>115</td> <td>1989</td> <td>Toronto</td> <td>Ontario</td> <td>Rameses</td> <td>George Washington Powell (Crescent) </td></tr> <tr> <td>116</td> <td>1990</td> <td>Chicago</td> <td>IL</td> <td>Medinah</td> <td>Joseph P. Padgett (Islam) </td></tr> <tr> <td>117</td> <td>1991</td> <td>San Francisco</td> <td>CA</td> <td>Islam</td> <td>John W. Dean, III (Lu Lu) </td></tr> <tr> <td>118</td> <td>1992</td> <td>Orlando</td> <td>FL</td> <td>Bahia</td> <td>Everett M. Evans (Sharon) </td></tr> <tr> <td>119</td> <td>1993</td> <td>San Antonio</td> <td>TX</td> <td>Alzafar</td> <td>Richard L. Bukey (Sabbar) </td></tr> <tr> <td>120</td> <td>1994</td> <td>Denver</td> <td>CO</td> <td>El Jebel</td> <td>Burton Ravellette, Jr. (Sahara) </td></tr> <tr> <td>121</td> <td>1995</td> <td>Indianapolis</td> <td>IN</td> <td>Murat</td> <td>Robert B. Bailey (Orak) </td></tr> <tr> <td>122</td> <td>1996</td> <td>New Orleans</td> <td>LA</td> <td>Jerusalem</td> <td>John D. Vermass (Sesostris) </td></tr> <tr> <td>123</td> <td>1997</td> <td>Saint Louis</td> <td>MO</td> <td>Moolah</td> <td>Lewis B. Brantley (Morocco) </td></tr> <tr> <td>124</td> <td>1998</td> <td>Orlando</td> <td>FL</td> <td>Bahia</td> <td>John C. Nobles (El Maida) </td></tr> <tr> <td>125</td> <td>1999</td> <td>Dallas</td> <td>TX</td> <td>Hella</td> <td>Ralph W. Semb (Melha) </td></tr> <tr> <td>126</td> <td>2000</td> <td>Boston</td> <td>MA</td> <td>Aleppo</td> <td>Robert N. Turnipseed (Calam) </td></tr> <tr> <td>127</td> <td>2001</td> <td>Las Vegas</td> <td>NV</td> <td>Zelzah</td> <td>Kenneth W. Smith (Gizeh) </td></tr> <tr> <td>128</td> <td>2002</td> <td>Vancouver</td> <td>British Columbia</td> <td>Gizeh</td> <td>Charles A. Claypool (Antioch) </td></tr> <tr> <td>129</td> <td>2003</td> <td>Minneapolis</td> <td>MN</td> <td>Zurah</td> <td>M. Burton Oien (Al Aska) </td></tr> <tr> <td>130</td> <td>2004</td> <td>Denver</td> <td>CO</td> <td>El Jebel</td> <td>Raoull L. Frevel Sr. (Boumi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>131</td> <td>2005</td> <td>Baltimore</td> <td>MD</td> <td>Boumi</td> <td>Gary W. Dunwoody (Scimitar) </td></tr> <tr> <td>132</td> <td>2006</td> <td>Tampa</td> <td>FL</td> <td>Egypt</td> <td>Nicholas Thomas (Al Malaikah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>133</td> <td>2007</td> <td>Anaheim</td> <td>CA</td> <td>El Bekal</td> <td>Bernard J. Lemieux (Zenobia) </td></tr> <tr> <td>134</td> <td>2008</td> <td>Saint Louis</td> <td>MO</td> <td>Moolah</td> <td>Douglas E. Maxwell (Moolah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>135</td> <td>2009</td> <td>San Antonio</td> <td>TX</td> <td>Alzafar</td> <td>Terry McGuire (Alzafar) </td></tr> <tr> <td>136</td> <td>2010</td> <td>Toronto</td> <td>Ontario</td> <td>Rameses</td> <td>George A. Mitchell (Rameses) </td></tr> <tr> <td>137</td> <td>2011</td> <td>Denver</td> <td>CO</td> <td>El Jebel</td> <td>Michael G. Severe (El Jebel) </td></tr> <tr> <td>138</td> <td>2012</td> <td>Charlotte</td> <td>NC</td> <td>Oasis</td> <td>Alan W. Madsen (Oasis) </td></tr> <tr> <td>139</td> <td>2013</td> <td>Indianapolis</td> <td>IN</td> <td>Murat</td> <td>John A. Cinotto (Murat) </td></tr> <tr> <td>140</td> <td>2014</td> <td>Minneapolis</td> <td>MN</td> <td>Zurah</td> <td>Dale W. Stauss (Kem) </td></tr> <tr> <td>141</td> <td>2015</td> <td>Houston</td> <td>TX</td> <td>Arabia</td> <td>Jerry G. Gantt (Arabia) </td></tr> <tr> <td>142</td> <td>2016</td> <td>Tampa</td> <td>FL</td> <td>Egypt</td> <td>Chris Smith (Wahabi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>143</td> <td>2017</td> <td>Daytona Beach</td> <td>FL</td> <td>Bahia</td> <td>Gary Bergenske (Bahia) </td></tr> <tr> <td>144</td> <td>2018</td> <td>Daytona Beach</td> <td>FL</td> <td>Bahia</td> <td>Jim L. Cain, Sr. (Al Menah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>145</td> <td>2019</td> <td>Nashville</td> <td>TN</td> <td>Al Menah</td> <td>Jeffrey L. Sowder (Rameses) </td></tr> <tr> <td>146</td> <td>2020</td> <td>Tampa</td> <td>FL</td> <td>Egypt</td> <td>James R. Smith (Ben Hur) </td></tr> <tr> <td>147</td> <td>2021</td> <td>Houston</td> <td>TX</td> <td>Arabia</td> <td>William S. “Bill” Bailey (Orak) </td></tr> <tr> <td>148</td> <td>2022</td> <td>Minneapolis</td> <td>MN</td> <td>Zurah</td> <td>Kenneth G. "Kenny" Craven (Omar) </td></tr> <tr> <td>149</td> <td>2023</td> <td>Charlotte</td> <td>NC</td> <td>Oasis</td> <td>James E. “Ed” Stolze, Jr. (El Zaribah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>150</td> <td>2024</td> <td>Reno</td> <td>NV</td> <td>Kerak</td> <td>Richard Burke (Yaarab) </td></tr> <tr> <td>151</td> <td>2025</td> <td>Atlanta</td> <td>GA</td> <td>Yaarab</td> <td>Kevin R. Costello (Cyprus) [If elected in line] </td></tr> <tr> <td>152</td> <td>2026</td> <td>Tampa</td> <td>FL</td> <td>Egypt</td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, an investigative committee established by the joint boards of the Shriners of North America fraternity and the Shriners Hospitals for Children found that Ralph Semb, chairman of the Shriners Hospitals Board of Trustees, had unilaterally tried to fire fund-raising executive Edgar McGonigal. McGonigal had declined to hire a direct-mail company indirectly linked to Gene Bracewell, the imperial treasurer of the fraternal organization. McGonigal said he did not hire the company because of its ties to a financial company that had performed poorly in previous dealings. The committee found that Semb and Bracewell had violated the organizations' conflict of interest policy and their ethics code and recommended that Semb and Bracewell be reprimanded. The report included accusations of financial improprieties within the organization, including not reporting benefits Shriners leaders received as income and knowingly filing incorrect tax forms for the hospitals. Other Shriners came forward with additional complaints, including the mixing of charitable and noncharitable assets and the disappearance of money raised for the hospitals.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTJuly2008_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTJuly2008-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shriners International has drawn criticism from animal welfare organizations for allowing member clubs to host circuses featuring animals. Since approximately 2013, <a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a> (PETA) has staged protests during circus performances, expressing concern over the poor treatment animals receive in the care of the companies that the Shriners lease from, such as Carson & Barnes.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pittsburgh Shrine Circus stopped using animals in 2019, and the Moolah Shrine Circus in Missouri stopped using elephants in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/48px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/64px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Corn_Song" title="Iowa Corn Song">Iowa Corn Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_bodies" title="Masonic bodies">Masonic bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_the_Cootie" title="Military Order of the Cootie">Military Order of the Cootie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Quetzalcoatl" title="Order of Quetzalcoatl">Order of Quetzalcoatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Jesters" title="Royal Order of Jesters">Royal Order of Jesters</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shriner%27s_Convention" title="Shriner's Convention">Shriner's Convention</a>", a country-and-western novelty song</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shrinershq.org/ShrinersHQ/">Home page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128234040/http://www.shrinershq.org/ShrinersHQ">Archived</a> 2019-11-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Shriners International. Retrieved on March 12, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shrinersinternational.org/Shriners/History/FunWithPurpose.aspx">"Fun With Purpose"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171115014827/http://www.shrinersinternational.org/Shriners/History/FunWithPurpose.aspx">Archived</a> 2017-11-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Shriners International. Retrieved on August 7, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFind" class="citation web cs1">Find, Masonic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://masonicfind.com/principles-of-freemasonry">"The 3 Core Principles of Freemasonry: An Explanation"</a>. <i>MasonicFind | Find Information About The Freemasons</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MasonicFind+%7C+Find+Information+About+The+Freemasons&rft.atitle=The+3+Core+Principles+of+Freemasonry%3A+An+Explanation&rft.aulast=Find&rft.aufirst=Masonic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmasonicfind.com%2Fprinciples-of-freemasonry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shrinersinternational.org/en/who-we-are/partner-organizations">Partner Organizations</a> | Shriners International</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shrinersinternational.org/en/who-we-are/faqs">FAQs | Shriners International</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alcazarshriners.com/shrine-history.html#:~:text=Despite%20its%20Arabic%20theme,%20the,belief%20in%20a%20Supreme%20Being.">"Alcazar Shrine | Shrine History"</a>. <i>www.alcazarshriners.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.alcazarshriners.com&rft.atitle=Alcazar+Shrine+%7C+Shrine+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alcazarshriners.com%2Fshrine-history.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DDespite%2520its%2520Arabic%2520theme%2C%2520the%2Cbelief%2520in%2520a%2520Supreme%2520Being.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PittApril20112-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PittApril20112_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSostek2011" class="citation news cs1">Sostek, Anya (10 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220824135105/https://www.post-gazette.com/local/region/2011/04/10/Shriners-shed-many-Middle-Eastern-references-while-continuing-traditions-such-as-the-circus/stories/201104100310">"Shriners shed many Middle Eastern references while continuing traditions such as the circus"</a>. <i>Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</i>. Archived from the original on 24 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft.atitle=Shriners+shed+many+Middle+Eastern+references+while+continuing+traditions+such+as+the+circus&rft.date=2011-04-10&rft.aulast=Sostek&rft.aufirst=Anya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.post-gazette.com%2Flocal%2Fregion%2F2011%2F04%2F10%2FShriners-shed-many-Middle-Eastern-references-while-continuing-traditions-such-as-the-circus%2Fstories%2F201104100310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shriners of North America. <i>A Short History: Shriners of North America and Shriners Hospitals</i>. September 2004 edition, pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shriners of North America. <i>A Short History: Shriners of North America and Shriners Hospitals</i>. September 2004 edition, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shriners of North America. <i>A Short History: Shriners of North America and Shriners Hospitals</i>. September 2004 edition, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shriners of North America. <i>A Short History: Shriners of North America and Shriners Hospitals</i>. September 2004 edition, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aeaonms.org/history.htm">"AEAONMS - History"</a>. <i>aeaonms.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aeaonms.org&rft.atitle=AEAONMS+-+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faeaonms.org%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/279/737">"ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ARABIC ORDER OF NOBLES OF THE MYSTIC SHRINE et al. v. MICHAUX et al"</a>. <i>LII / Legal Information Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LII+%2F+Legal+Information+Institute&rft.atitle=ANCIENT+EGYPTIAN+ARABIC+ORDER+OF+NOBLES+OF+THE+MYSTIC+SHRINE+et+al.+v.+MICHAUX+et+al.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fsupremecourt%2Ftext%2F279%2F737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/10136/1058239-426.stm">"Eyewitness: 1949 / TV makes Pittsburgh 'A New Promise'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Post-gazette.com. 2010-05-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eyewitness%3A+1949+%2F+TV+makes+Pittsburgh+%27A+New+Promise%27&rft.pub=Post-gazette.com&rft.date=2010-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.post-gazette.com%2Fpg%2F10136%2F1058239-426.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8TkxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lm4DAAAAIBAJ&dq=jeep+depasquale&pg=5297,2316091">"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Google News Archive Search"</a>. <i>news.google.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.google.com&rft.atitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette+-+Google+News+Archive+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D8TkxAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3Dlm4DAAAAIBAJ%26dq%3Djeep%2Bdepasquale%26pg%3D5297%2C2316091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft2s2004p0&chunk.id=d0e2747&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e2747&brand=ucpress">"Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe"</a>. <i>publishing.cdlib.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=publishing.cdlib.org&rft.atitle=Making+Muslim+Space+in+North+America+and+Europe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublishing.cdlib.org%2Fucpressebooks%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dft2s2004p0%26chunk.id%3Dd0e2747%26toc.depth%3D1%26toc.id%3Dd0e2747%26brand%3Ducpress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:12_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/chronology/chronology_driver.pl?searchtype=ybrowse&year=1991&start_line=0">"Historic Pittsburgh 1991"</a>. <i>pitt.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pitt.edu&rft.atitle=Historic+Pittsburgh+1991&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.pitt.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fchronology%2Fchronology_driver.pl%3Fsearchtype%3Dybrowse%26year%3D1991%26start_line%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ladiesorientalshrine.org/">Ladies Oriental Shrine of North America</a>. Accessed November 6, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daughtersofthenile.com/about_who.htm">"About Us"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111201020744/http://www.daughtersofthenile.com/about_who.htm">Archived</a> 2011-12-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed November 6, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preuss, Arthur <i>A Dictionary of Secret and other Societies</i> St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co. 1924; republished Detroit: Gale Reference Company 1966; p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-life19380516-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-life19380516_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=20oEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA50">"The Shriners / "Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles" Reveals its Pageantry"</a>. <i>Life</i>. 1938-05-16. p. 50<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.atitle=The+Shriners+%2F+%22Ancient+Arabic+Order+of+Nobles%22+Reveals+its+Pageantry&rft.pages=50&rft.date=1938-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D20oEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeidorf2002" class="citation news cs1">Neidorf, Shawn (October 21, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2002-10-21-0210210200-story.html">"Harassed, insulted, Shriners pay price for Islam imagery"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Harassed%2C+insulted%2C+Shriners+pay+price+for+Islam+imagery&rft.date=2002-10-21&rft.aulast=Neidorf&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-2002-10-21-0210210200-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PittApril2011-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PittApril2011_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PittApril2011_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PittApril2011_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSostek2011" class="citation news cs1">Sostek, Anya (10 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220824135105/https://www.post-gazette.com/local/region/2011/04/10/Shriners-shed-many-Middle-Eastern-references-while-continuing-traditions-such-as-the-circus/stories/201104100310">"Shriners shed many Middle Eastern references while continuing traditions such as the circus"</a>. <i>Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</i>. Archived from the original on 24 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft.atitle=Shriners+shed+many+Middle+Eastern+references+while+continuing+traditions+such+as+the+circus&rft.date=2011-04-10&rft.aulast=Sostek&rft.aufirst=Anya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.post-gazette.com%2Flocal%2Fregion%2F2011%2F04%2F10%2FShriners-shed-many-Middle-Eastern-references-while-continuing-traditions-such-as-the-circus%2Fstories%2F201104100310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT1883-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT1883_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1883/06/07/102828148.pdf">"Abd El Kader's Masonic Friends"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 1883-06-07. p. 8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Abd+El+Kader%27s+Masonic+Friends&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1883-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1883%2F06%2F07%2F102828148.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-12-10-1991344146-story.html">"Man sues Shriners over initiation injuries Trial exposes secret ritual in which electric shock is used on initiates"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Man+sues+Shriners+over+initiation+injuries+Trial+exposes+secret+ritual+in+which+electric+shock+is+used+on+initiates.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fbs-xpm-1991-12-10-1991344146-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/9f1560702c6c1c01e758ebf1b86f64ac">"Jury Rejects Man's Claim He Was Hurt in Shriners' Initiation Rite"</a>. <i>AP NEWS</i>. December 13, 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Jury+Rejects+Man%27s+Claim+He+Was+Hurt+in+Shriners%27+Initiation+Rite&rft.date=1991-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F9f1560702c6c1c01e758ebf1b86f64ac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shrinershospitalsforchildren.org-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shrinershospitalsforchildren.org_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shrinershospitalsforchildren.org_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shrinershospitalsforchildren.org/shc/news-events/shriners-hospitals-for-children-and-joffreys-coffe-1118">"Shriners Hospitals for Children and Joffrey's Coffee & Tea Company launch new Rise and Shrine blend that benefits the health care system"</a>. <i>Shrinershospitalsforchildren.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shrinershospitalsforchildren.org&rft.atitle=Shriners+Hospitals+for+Children+and+Joffrey%27s+Coffee+%26+Tea+Company+launch+new+Rise+and+Shrine+blend+that+benefits+the+health+care+system&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shrinershospitalsforchildren.org%2Fshc%2Fnews-events%2Fshriners-hospitals-for-children-and-joffreys-coffe-1118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Company_Histories_2005-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Company_Histories_2005_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Company_Histories_2005_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Company_Histories_2005_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>International Directory of Company Histories</i>, Vol. 69. St. James Press, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hospitals-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hospitals_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810024706/http://www.shrinershq.org/Hospitals/Main/About">"Shriners Hospitals for Children About Us"</a>. Shriners Hospitals. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shrinershq.org/Hospitals/Main/About">the original</a> on 2020-08-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shriners+Hospitals+for+Children+About+Us&rft.pub=Shriners+Hospitals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shrinershq.org%2FHospitals%2FMain%2FAbout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shrinershospitalsforchildren.org/shc/locations">"Shriners Hospitals for Children Locations"</a>. <i>Shrinershospitalsforchildren.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shrinershospitalsforchildren.org&rft.atitle=Shriners+Hospitals+for+Children+Locations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shrinershospitalsforchildren.org%2Fshc%2Flocations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shrinersinternational.org/Events/JTSHCOpen.aspx">"Justin Timberlake Shriners Hospitals for Children Open"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810141750/http://www.shrinersinternational.org/Events/JTSHCOpen.aspx">Archived</a> 2011-08-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Sunday, September 25, 2011 - Sunday, October 2, 2011, Las Vegas, NV 89134. Shriners International. Retrieved August 7, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/2012/10/02/shriners-end-charity-golf-relationship-with-justin-timberlake/1609131/">"Justin Timberlake and Shriners break charity golf ties"</a>, Usatoday.com, October 2, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shrinershospitalsopen.com/Press/FiveYearExtensionAnnounced.aspx">"Shriners Hospitals for Children Extends Tournament Sponsorship"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140725195722/http://www.shrinershospitalsopen.com/Press/FiveYearExtensionAnnounced.aspx">Archived</a> 2014-07-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Monday, July 2, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shrinershospitalsopen.com/">"2013 Shriners Hospitals for Children Open."</a>, Shrinershospitalsopen.com, Retrieved January 2, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imperialsession-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-imperialsession_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imperialsession.com/history/">"Shriners International Imperial Session History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shriners+International+Imperial+Session+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimperialsession.com%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alchemist-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alchemist_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alchymiashrine.org/alchemist-newsletter/">"Al Chymia Shrine Newsletter Archive"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Al+Chymia+Shrine+Newsletter+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falchymiashrine.org%2Falchemist-newsletter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1921_history-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1921_history_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/history_of_the_aaonms.htm">"History of the Imperial Council Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine for North America SECOND EDITION 1872-1921"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Imperial+Council+Ancient+Arabic+Order+Nobles+of+the+Mystic+Shrine+for+North+America+SECOND+EDITION+1872-1921&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoenixmasonry.org%2Fhistory_of_the_aaonms.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paradetoglory-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-paradetoglory_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17905657-parade-to-glory">"Parade To Glory - Fred Van Deventer"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parade+To+Glory+-+Fred+Van+Deventer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodreads.com%2Fbook%2Fshow%2F17905657-parade-to-glory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTJuly2008-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTJuly2008_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrom2008" class="citation news cs1">Strom, Stephanie (25 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/25/us/25shrine.html#:~:text=Shriners%20have%20stepped%20forward%20in,money%20raised%20for%20the%20hospitals.">"Report on Shriners Raises Question of Wrongdoing"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Report+on+Shriners+Raises+Question+of+Wrongdoing&rft.date=2008-07-25&rft.aulast=Strom&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F07%2F25%2Fus%2F25shrine.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DShriners%2520have%2520stepped%2520forward%2520in%2Cmoney%2520raised%2520for%2520the%2520hospitals.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShriners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rhinehard, Chelsea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sanangelolive.com/news/business/2013-11-03/peta-accuses-shrine-circus-animal-abuse">"PETA Accuses Shrine Circus of Animal Abuse"</a>, SanAngeloLIVE.com, 3 November 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mancini, Ralph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.postandcourier.com/journal-scene/community-news/peta-protests-animal-circuses-in-summerville/article_104cbf98-a5e3-11ed-b8d0-873dfcc7231a.html">"PETA protests animal circuses in Summerville"</a>, <i>The Summerville Journal Scene</i>, 8 February 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wtae.com/article/peta-shriners-circus-to-stop-featuring-animals-in-pittsburgh-shrine-circus/28036454">"PETA: Shriners Circus to stop featuring animals in Pittsburgh Shrine Circus"</a>, WTAE, 14 June 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">White, Robyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/missouri-moolah-circus-elephants-roam-land-retirement-1772274">"Missouri's Moolah Circus Elephants to 'Roam the Land' After Retirement"</a>, <i>Newsweek</i>, 9 January 2023.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shriners&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shriners" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shriners">Shriners</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shrinersinternational.org/">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shriners&oldid=1253963178">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shriners&oldid=1253963178</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shriners" title="Category:Shriners">Shriners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1870_establishments_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:1870 establishments in New York (state)">1870 establishments in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Clubs_and_societies_in_Canada" title="Category:Clubs and societies in Canada">Clubs and societies in Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Masonic_organizations" title="Category:Masonic organizations">Masonic organizations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_Florida" title="Category:Organizations based in Florida">Organizations based in Florida</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_established_in_1870" title="Category:Organizations established in 1870">Organizations established in 1870</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_January_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2024">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 October 2024, at 19:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shriners&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-757b8f897d-ksngm","wgBackendResponseTime":169,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.634","walltime":"0.812","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2086,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":65801,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1055,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":104417,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 657.136 1 -total"," 36.15% 237.562 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.10% 145.223 16 Template:Cite_web"," 15.96% 104.891 1 Template:Short_description"," 15.67% 102.978 1 Template:Freemasonry"," 15.07% 99.006 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 7.73% 50.780 2 Template:Pagetype"," 6.52% 42.820 1 Template:Huh"," 6.40% 42.052 5 Template:Main_other"," 6.00% 39.404 1 Template:Commons_category-inline"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.351","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6921529,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-74q2q","timestamp":"20241203065333","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Shriners","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shriners","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1934902","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1934902","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-19T22:16:06Z","dateModified":"2024-10-28T19:36:43Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f2\/Shriners_International_emblem.svg","headline":"fraternal organization"}</script> </body> </html>