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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Kwarts" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Kwarts" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Kwarts" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vorming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vorming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vorming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vorming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eigenschappen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eigenschappen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eigenschappen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eigenschappen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Eigenschappen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eigenschappen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Structuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Structuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kwarts-polymorfie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kwarts-polymorfie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kwarts-polymorfie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kwarts-polymorfie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kwartsvariëteit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kwartsvariëteit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Kwartsvariëteit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kwartsvariëteit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Onzuiverheden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onzuiverheden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Onzuiverheden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onzuiverheden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industriële_toepassing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industriële_toepassing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Industriële toepassing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Industriële_toepassing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Industriële toepassing-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Industriële_toepassing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kwartsglas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kwartsglas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Kwartsglas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kwartsglas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kristallijn_kwarts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kristallijn_kwarts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Kristallijn kwarts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kristallijn_kwarts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kwartsvariëteiten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kwartsvariëteiten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kwartsvariëteiten</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kwartsvariëteiten-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Kwartsvariëteiten-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kwartsvariëteiten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Macrokristallijne_variëteiten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macrokristallijne_variëteiten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Macrokristallijne variëteiten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macrokristallijne_variëteiten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cryptokristallijne_variëteiten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cryptokristallijne_variëteiten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Cryptokristallijne variëteiten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cryptokristallijne_variëteiten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kwarts</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 96 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwarts" title="Kwarts – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kwarts" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuarz" title="Cuarz – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cuarz" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="क्वार्टज़ – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="क्वार्टज़" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88_(%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86)" title="مرو (معدن) – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مرو (معدن)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuarzu" title="Cuarzu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cuarzu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvars" title="Kvars – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kvars" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="क्वार्ट्ज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्वार्ट्ज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarc" title="Kvarc – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kvarc" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quars" title="Quars – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quars" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="کوارتز – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کوارتز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99emen" title="Křemen – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křemen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarz" title="Quarz – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quarz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Χαλαζίας – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαλαζίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Quartz" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarco" title="Kvarco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kvarco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuarzo" title="Cuarzo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuarzo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuartzo" title="Kuartzo – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kuartzo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="کوارتز – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوارتز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvartsi" title="Kvartsi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kvartsi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Quartz (minéral) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quartz (minéral)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grianchloch" title="Grianchloch – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Grianchloch" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eit" title="Eit – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eit" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuarzo" title="Cuarzo – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cuarzo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%CC%8Dk-y%C3%AEn" title="Sa̍k-yîn – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sa̍k-yîn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="קוורץ – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוורץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="स्फटिक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्फटिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarc" title="Kvarc – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kvarc" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99emje%C5%84" title="Křemjeń – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Křemjeń" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarc" title="Kvarc – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kvarc" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%81" title="Քվարց – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քվարց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarz" title="Quarz – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Quarz" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarsa" title="Kuarsa – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuarsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarco" title="Quarco – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Quarco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvars" title="Kvars – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kvars" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarzo" title="Quarzo – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quarzo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="石英" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98" title="კვარცი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კვარცი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwar%C9%A9t%C9%A9s%C9%A9" title="Kuwarɩtɩsɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kuwarɩtɩsɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarsa" title="Kuarsa – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kuarsa" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%90" title="បុស្សរាគម័ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បុស្សរាគម័" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86" title="ಸ್ಫಟಿಕ ಶಿಲೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಫಟಿಕ ಶಿಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EC%98%81" title="석영 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="석영" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarzum" title="Quarzum – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quarzum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaarz_(Mineral)" title="Quaarz (Mineral) – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Quaarz (Mineral)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarcas" title="Kvarcas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kvarcas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarcs" title="Kvarcs – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kvarcs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatokaranana" title="Vatokaranana – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vatokaranana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ക്വാർട്ട്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്വാർട്ട്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarza" title="Kuarza – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuarza" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzo" title="Quartzo – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Quartzo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="သလင်းကျောက် – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သလင်းကျောက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C3%BCars" title="Qüars – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Qüars" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhagaa_Cicala" title="Dhagaa Cicala – Afaan Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dhagaa Cicala" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Afaan Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%C3%A6%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80" title="Дзæнхъадур – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дзæнхъадур" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwarc" title="Kwarc – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwarc" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B2" title="کوارٹز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کوارٹز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="کوارتز – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوارتز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzo" title="Quartzo – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quartzo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qhisqa" title="Qhisqa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qhisqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuar%C8%9B" title="Cuarț – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cuarț" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarzu" title="Quarzu – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Quarzu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Quartz" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarc" title="Kvarc – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kvarc" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9F%E0%B7%94" title="පළිඟු – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පළිඟු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Quartz" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreme%C5%88" title="Kremeň – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kremeň" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamena_strela" title="Kamena strela – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kamena strela" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarci" title="Kuarci – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kuarci" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarts" title="Kvarts – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kvarts" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="குவார்ட்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குவார்ட்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="ควอตซ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ควอตซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Quartz" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvars" title="Kuvars – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuvars" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Кварц – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кварц" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvars" title="Kvars – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kvars" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A1ch_anh" title="Thạch anh – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thạch anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwarso" title="Kuwarso – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kuwarso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="石英" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Quartz" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石英" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chio%CC%8Dh-eng" title="Chio̍h-eng – Minnanyu" lang="nan" 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<div id="mw-indicator-woordenboek" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="tpl_Woordenboek"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/kwarts" title="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek"><img alt="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#C3BBFF; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Kwarts </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Quartz_oisan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kwarts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/266px-Quartz_oisan.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/399px-Quartz_oisan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/532px-Quartz_oisan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4004" data-file-height="4031" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#C3BBFF; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mineraal_(geologie)" title="Mineraal (geologie)">Mineraal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Molecuulformule" title="Molecuulformule">Chemische formule</a> </th> <td colspan="2">SiO<sub>2</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tweeling_(materiaalkunde)" title="Tweeling (materiaalkunde)">Tweelingen</a> </th> <td colspan="2">zeer algemeen </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kleur" title="Kleur">Kleur</a> </th> <td colspan="2">kleurloos indien zuiver, verder alle kleuren mogelijk </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Streepkleur" title="Streepkleur">Streepkleur</a> </th> <td colspan="2">wit </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hardheidsschaal_van_Mohs" title="Hardheidsschaal van Mohs">Hardheid</a> </th> <td colspan="2">7 per definitie </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Massadichtheid" title="Massadichtheid">Gemiddelde dichtheid</a> </th> <td colspan="2">2,65 kg/dm<sup>3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Glans" title="Glans">Glans</a> </th> <td colspan="2">glasglans </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Opaciteit" title="Opaciteit">Opaciteit</a> </th> <td colspan="2">doorzichtig tot opaak </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Breuk_(mineraal)" title="Breuk (mineraal)">Breuk</a> </th> <td colspan="2">schelpvormig </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Splijting_(kristal)" title="Splijting (kristal)">Splijting</a> </th> <td colspan="2">geen </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Habitus_(kristal)" title="Habitus (kristal)">Habitus</a> </th> <td colspan="2">zeszijdig prisma met uiteinden van zeszijdige piramides </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#C3BBFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Kristaloptiek" title="Kristaloptiek">Kristaloptiek</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kristalstelsel" title="Kristalstelsel">Kristalstelsel</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Trigonaal_kristalstelsel" title="Trigonaal kristalstelsel">trigonaal</a> α, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Hexagonaal_kristalstelsel" title="Hexagonaal kristalstelsel">hexagonaal</a> β </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ruimtegroep" title="Ruimtegroep">Ruimtegroep</a> </th> <td colspan="2">P3<sub>1</sub>21 α, <br /> P6<sub>4</sub>22 β </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Eenheidscel" title="Eenheidscel">Eenheidscel</a> </th> <td colspan="2">a=491,36pm <br /> c=540,51 α </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Brekingsindex" title="Brekingsindex">Brekingsindices</a> </th> <td colspan="2">1,4585 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dubbele_breking" title="Dubbele breking">Dubbele breking</a> </th> <td colspan="2">+ 0,00910 </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#C3BBFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Overige eigenschappen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Radioactiviteit" title="Radioactiviteit">Radioactiviteit</a> </th> <td colspan="2">geen </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">Magnetisme</a> </th> <td colspan="2">geen </td></tr> <tr> <th>Bijzondere kenmerken </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%ABzo-elektrisch_effect" title="Piëzo-elektrisch effect">piëzo-elektrisch</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#C3BBFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_mineralen" title="Lijst van mineralen">Lijst van mineralen</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:#C3BBFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Aardwetenschappen" title="Portaal:Aardwetenschappen">Aardwetenschappen</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Quarzwachstum2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Quarzwachstum2.jpg/260px-Quarzwachstum2.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Quarzwachstum2.jpg/390px-Quarzwachstum2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Quarzwachstum2.jpg/520px-Quarzwachstum2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Afbeelding met een <a href="/wiki/Rasterelektronenmicroscoop" title="Rasterelektronenmicroscoop">rasterelektronenmicroscoop</a> van kwartsgroei op zand</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kwarts</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Polymorf_(kristallografie)" title="Polymorf (kristallografie)">polymorfe</a> vorm van <a href="/wiki/Siliciumdioxide" title="Siliciumdioxide">siliciumdioxide</a> SiO<sub>2</sub>. Het vormt meer dan 12% van het volume van de <a href="/wiki/Aardkorst" title="Aardkorst">aardkorst</a> en is daarmee een van de meest voorkomende <a href="/wiki/Mineraal_(geologie)" title="Mineraal (geologie)">mineralen</a> in de aardkorst. <a href="/wiki/Zand" title="Zand">Zand</a> en <a href="/wiki/Graniet" title="Graniet">graniet</a> bestaan hoofdzakelijk uit kwarts. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De kristallen zijn reeds bekend vanuit de <a href="/wiki/Klassieke_oudheid" title="Klassieke oudheid">klassieke oudheid</a>. De naam kwarts komt van het <a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duitse</a> Quarz, van Slavische oorsprong, wat 'hard' betekent. De <a href="/wiki/Romeinen_(volk)" title="Romeinen (volk)">Romeinen</a> dachten dat kwarts permanent gestold <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> was, dus <a href="/wiki/IJs_(water)" title="IJs (water)">ijs</a>, omdat kwarts vooral in <a href="/wiki/Gletsjer" title="Gletsjer">gletsjers</a> werd gevonden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vorming">Vorming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vorming" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vorming"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kwarts ontstaat bij het afkoelen van een gesmolten massa <a href="/wiki/Silicaat" title="Silicaat">silicaat</a>, maar ook het afkoelen van een hete oplossing van <a href="/wiki/Kiezelzuur" title="Kiezelzuur">orthokiezelzuur</a> kan tot kwarts leiden. Het afkoelen moet langzaam verlopen. Dan ontstaan grote <a href="/wiki/Kristal_(natuurwetenschappen)" title="Kristal (natuurwetenschappen)">kristallen</a>. Omdat het <a href="/wiki/Kristallisatie" title="Kristallisatie">kristalliseren</a> vrij traag gaat, ontstaat bij snelle afkoeling van gesmolten silica vaak de <a href="/wiki/Amorf_(materie)" title="Amorf (materie)">amorfe</a> vorm van kwarts, dit wordt kwartsglas genoemd. </p><p>Kwarts kan zowel heel grote kristallen vormen als microscopisch kleine. De grootst bekende kwartskristallen komen voor in Farm Verloren in <a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië">Namibië</a>. Deze kristallen zijn tot 20 meter groot, mogelijk 50 meter. Deze grootste kristallen ontstaan door de invloed van heet <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> op <a href="/wiki/Gesteente" title="Gesteente">gesteenten</a>. Hierbij lost SiO<sub>2</sub>-houdend gesteente op in de vorm van orthokiezelzuur. Bij afkoeling van de oplossing slaat het zuur neer in holtes of <a href="/wiki/Geode_(mineralogie)" title="Geode (mineralogie)">geoden</a> en scheuren. </p><p>Kwarts komt veel voor in de aardkorst en is een belangrijk mineraal in <a href="/wiki/Stollingsgesteente" title="Stollingsgesteente">stollingsgesteenten</a>, zoals <a href="/wiki/Graniet" title="Graniet">graniet</a>. Kwarts is chemisch vrij <a href="/wiki/Chemisch_inert" title="Chemisch inert">inert</a>. Onder <a href="/wiki/Standaardomstandigheden" title="Standaardomstandigheden">atmosferische omstandigheden</a> lost het slecht op in water. De oplosbaarheid in water is bij 25 °C tussen de 6 en 11 mg/l. Dit betekent dat bij <a href="/wiki/Verwering" title="Verwering">verwering</a> van kwartshoudende gesteenten kwarts nauwelijks oplost. Hierdoor zijn de verweerde vormen van kwarts, zoals <a href="/wiki/Zand" title="Zand">zand</a> en <a href="/wiki/Zandsteen" title="Zandsteen">zandsteen</a>, de meest voorkomende vormen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschappen">Eigenschappen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Eigenschappen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Eigenschappen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structuur">Structuur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Structuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Structuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kwarts heeft de <a href="/wiki/Molecuulformule" title="Molecuulformule">molecuulformule</a> SiO<sub>2</sub> en is een van de <a href="/wiki/Polymorf_(kristallografie)" title="Polymorf (kristallografie)">polymorfe</a> vormen van <a href="/wiki/Siliciumdioxide" title="Siliciumdioxide">silica</a>. De bindingen tussen de atomen <a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">silicium</a> Si en <a href="/wiki/Zuurstof_(element)" title="Zuurstof (element)">zuurstof</a> O zijn polair <a href="/wiki/Covalente_binding" title="Covalente binding">covalent</a> van aard. </p><p>Een <a href="/wiki/Molecuul" title="Molecuul">molecuul</a> dat uit silicium- en zuurstofatomen is opgebouwd heeft normaal een <a href="/wiki/Tetra%C3%ABdrische_moleculaire_geometrie" title="Tetraëdrische moleculaire geometrie">tetraëdrische moleculaire geometrie</a>. Ieder siliciumatoom is hierin met vier zuurstofatomen verbonden en ieder zuurstofatoom met één siliciumatoom. Deze losse moleculen hebben de <a href="/wiki/Molecuulformule" title="Molecuulformule">molecuulformule</a> SiO<sub>4</sub>. Echter komen losse SiO<sub>4</sub>-moleculen alleen in de <a href="/wiki/Gas_(aggregatietoestand)" title="Gas (aggregatietoestand)">gas</a> fase voor, bij een temperatuur boven de 2230 °C. Een <a href="/wiki/Vaste_stof" title="Vaste stof">vast</a> kwartskristal bestaat daarom ook niet uit losse moleculen; het is geen <a href="/wiki/Stof_(scheikunde)#Moleculaire_stof" title="Stof (scheikunde)">moleculaire stof</a> maar een zogenoemd <a href="/wiki/Covalent_netwerk" title="Covalent netwerk">covalent netwerk</a> dat is opgebouwd uit SiO<sub>2</sub>-moleculen, die zijn gerangschikt. Voor kristallijne vormen van silica is dit in een bepaald regelmatig continu patroon, het <a href="/wiki/Kristalstructuur" title="Kristalstructuur">kristalrooster</a>. De rangschikking is voor amorfe vormen willekeurig.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elk siliciumatoom is weer met vier zuurstofatomen verbonden, maar elk zuurstofatoom is nu aan twee siliciumatomen verbonden. Ieder siliciumatoom Si 'deelt' dus vier keer een half zuurstofatoom, oftewel twee zuurstofatomen O<sub>2</sub>. Op deze manier ontstaat een driedimensionaal netwerk van <a href="/wiki/Viervlak" title="Viervlak">viervlakken</a> van SiO<sub>4</sub>, waarbij elk zuurstofatoom is gedeeld tussen twee viervlakken.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vanwege het driedimensionale netwerk wordt kwarts tot de <a href="/wiki/Tectosilicaat" title="Tectosilicaat">tectosilicaten</a> gerekend. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kwarts-polymorfie">Kwarts-polymorfie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kwarts-polymorfie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kwarts-polymorfie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kristallijn kwarts heeft twee <a href="/wiki/Fase_(stof)" title="Fase (stof)">fasen</a>, waarbij de configuratie van de silica-viervlakken verschillend is. Dit verschil in oriëntatie van de atomen geeft de twee fasen een verschillend <a href="/wiki/Kristalrooster" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristalrooster">kristalrooster</a>: </p> <ul><li>α-kwarts heeft een <a href="/wiki/Trigonaal_kristalstelsel" title="Trigonaal kristalstelsel">trigonaal kristalstelsel</a></li> <li>β-kwarts, gevormd bij een hoge temperatuur, heeft een <a href="/wiki/Hexagonaal_kristalstelsel" title="Hexagonaal kristalstelsel">hexagonaal kristalstelsel</a>.</li></ul> <p>Daarnaast bestaat er een <a href="/wiki/Amorf_(materie)" title="Amorf (materie)">amorfe</a> vorm van kwarts, het <a href="/wiki/Kwartsglas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwartsglas">kwartsglas</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Polymorf_(kristallografie)" title="Polymorf (kristallografie)">Polymorfen</a> zijn vaste materialen uit dezelfde samengestelde stof, die in verschillende kristalstructuren bestaan.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zo komt siliciumdioxide behalve de twee polymorfe vormen van kwarts, α- en β-kwarts, nog in veel andere kristalstructuren voor, zoals: </p> <ul><li>α- en β-<a href="/wiki/Cristobaliet" title="Cristobaliet">cristobaliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridymiet" title="Tridymiet">tridymiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coesiet" title="Coesiet">coesiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechatelieriet" title="Lechatelieriet">lechatelieriet</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed right"> <li class="gallerycaption">Polymorfie in kwarts</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 159.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 157.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:%CE%91-Quartz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eenheidscel van α-kwarts."><img alt="Eenheidscel van α-kwarts." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%CE%91-Quartz.svg/236px-%CE%91-Quartz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="158" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%CE%91-Quartz.svg/355px-%CE%91-Quartz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%CE%91-Quartz.svg/472px-%CE%91-Quartz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="812" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eenheidscel" title="Eenheidscel">Eenheidscel</a> van α-kwarts.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 183.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:%CE%92-Quartz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eenheidscel van β-kwarts."><img alt="Eenheidscel van β-kwarts." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%CE%92-Quartz.svg/275px-%CE%92-Quartz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="184" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%CE%92-Quartz.svg/413px-%CE%92-Quartz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%CE%92-Quartz.svg/550px-%CE%92-Quartz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Eenheidscel van β-kwarts.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 259.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 257.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:SiO%C2%B2_Quartz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kristallijne SiO2-structuur in een regelmatig gerangschikt kristalrooster. Het vierde zuurstofatoom ligt steeds boven het siliciumatoom."><img alt="Kristallijne SiO2-structuur in een regelmatig gerangschikt kristalrooster. Het vierde zuurstofatoom ligt steeds boven het siliciumatoom." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/SiO%C2%B2_Quartz.svg/386px-SiO%C2%B2_Quartz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="258" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/SiO%C2%B2_Quartz.svg/580px-SiO%C2%B2_Quartz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/SiO%C2%B2_Quartz.svg/772px-SiO%C2%B2_Quartz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kristallijne SiO<sub>2</sub>-structuur in een regelmatig gerangschikt <a href="/wiki/Kristalstructuur" title="Kristalstructuur">kristalrooster</a>. Het vierde zuurstofatoom ligt steeds boven het siliciumatoom.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Silica.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amorfe SiO2-structuur in een willekeurige rangschikking zonder kristalrooster."><img alt="Amorfe SiO2-structuur in een willekeurige rangschikking zonder kristalrooster." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Silica.svg/204px-Silica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="136" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Silica.svg/307px-Silica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Silica.svg/409px-Silica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amorfe SiO<sub>2</sub>-structuur in een willekeurige rangschikking zonder kristalrooster. </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kwartsvariëteit"><span id="Kwartsvari.C3.ABteit"></span>Kwartsvariëteit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kwartsvariëteit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kwartsvariëteit"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center">Ion</th> <th align="center">Ondergrens (ppm)</th> <th align="center">Bovengrens (ppm) </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al<sup>3+</sup></a></td> <td align="center">13</td> <td align="center">15.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na<sup>+</sup></a></td> <td align="center">9</td> <td align="center">1400 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K<sup>+</sup></a></td> <td align="center">3</td> <td align="center">300 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/IJzer_(element)" title="IJzer (element)">Fe<sup>3+</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti<sup>4+</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P<sup>5+</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Waterstof_(element)" title="Waterstof (element)">H<sup>+</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithium_(element)" title="Lithium (element)">Li<sup>+</sup></a></td> <td align="center">sporen </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Behalve de twee verschillende polymorfen van kwarts met elk hun eigen kristalstructuur is er ook onderscheid te maken tussen de verschillende <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Kwartsvariëteiten">kwartsvariëteiten</a>. Deze verschillen in kleur, onzuiverheden of <a href="/wiki/Habitus_(kristal)" title="Habitus (kristal)">habitus</a>. Natuurlijk zijn ze allemaal hoofdzakelijk opgebouwd uit het amorfe kwartsglas of het kristallijne α- of β-kwarts, anders zouden het geen kwartsen<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> zijn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Onzuiverheden">Onzuiverheden</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Onzuiverheden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Onzuiverheden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Zuivere_stof" title="Zuivere stof">Zuiver</a> kwarts komt in <a href="/wiki/Bergkristal" title="Bergkristal">bergkristal</a> voor. Echter, onzuiverheden van andere <a href="/wiki/Chemisch_element" title="Chemisch element">elementen</a> dan silicium en zuurstof komen van nature vaak voor in kwarts. Tijdens de groei van het kristal worden deze elementen (<a href="/wiki/Ion_(deeltje)" title="Ion (deeltje)">ionen</a>) in het kristalrooster opgenomen. In de tabel hiernaast staan de meest voorkomende elementen vermeld met de <a href="/wiki/Concentratie_(oplossing)" title="Concentratie (oplossing)">concentratie</a> onder- en bovengrens in <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" title="Parts per million">ppm</a> (parts per million). </p><p>Het aluminium en ijzer zijn verantwoordelijk voor de kleur van een aantal kwartsvariëteiten. Vooral in combinatie met <a href="/wiki/Ioniserende_straling" title="Ioniserende straling">ioniserende straling</a> treedt er een kleureffect op. Kwartskristallen kunnen over andere mineralen heen groeien zoals bij <a href="/wiki/Rutielkwarts" title="Rutielkwarts">rutielkwarts</a> het geval is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industriële_toepassing"><span id="Industri.C3.ABle_toepassing"></span>Industriële toepassing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Industriële toepassing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Industriële toepassing"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kwartsglas">Kwartsglas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kwartsglas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kwartsglas"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kwartsglas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwartsglas">Kwartsglas</a> is een <a href="/wiki/Amorf_(materie)" title="Amorf (materie)">amorfe</a> (niet-<a href="/wiki/Kristalliniteit" title="Kristalliniteit">kristallijne</a>) <a href="/wiki/Polymorf_(kristallografie)" title="Polymorf (kristallografie)">vorm</a> van kwarts. Het blazen van kwartsglas is moeilijker dan "echt" <a href="/wiki/Glas" title="Glas">glas</a>, doordat het <a href="/wiki/Glaspunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaspunt">verwekingspunt</a> veel hoger ligt en veel abrupter start. Het vereist goede ventilatie, omdat er <a href="/wiki/Gas_(aggregatietoestand)" title="Gas (aggregatietoestand)">gas</a>vormig SiO<sub>2</sub> bij ontstaat; dit kan de longen aantasten. </p><p>Kwartsglas wordt veel toegepast vanwege de bruikbare materiaaleigenschappen als: </p> <ul><li>Het is sterk, zet weinig uit en kan dus grote <a href="/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur">temperatuurverschillen</a> doorstaan.</li> <li>Het is chemisch vrij <a href="/wiki/Chemisch_inert" title="Chemisch inert">inert</a> en het verwekingspunt ligt hoog (1665 °C). De sterke covalente bindingen tussen de atomen zorgen hiervoor.</li> <li>Het is transparant voor ultraviolette straling, in tegenstelling tot de meeste andere vormen van glas. Het wordt daarom toegepast als <a href="/wiki/Cuvet" title="Cuvet">cuvetmateriaal</a> in de spectroscopie van het ultraviolette deel van het <a href="/wiki/Spectrum" title="Spectrum">spectrum</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kristallijn_kwarts">Kristallijn kwarts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kristallijn kwarts" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kristallijn kwarts"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kristallijn kwarts is de bron van <a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">silicium</a> voor de <a href="/wiki/Halfgeleider_(elektronica)" title="Halfgeleider (elektronica)">halfgeleiderindustrie</a> en de siliciumchemie. Daarnaast is kwarts een <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%ABzo-elektrisch_effect" title="Piëzo-elektrisch effect">piëzo-elektrisch</a> materiaal. De trillingen die men in het kristal kan opwekken worden gebruikt in elektronische apparatuur zoals <a href="/wiki/Kristal_(component)" title="Kristal (component)">kristaloscillator</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kwartsuurwerk" title="Kwartsuurwerk">kwartsuurwerken</a> en <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio's</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kwartsvariëteiten"><span id="Kwartsvari.C3.ABteiten"></span>Kwartsvariëteiten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kwartsvariëteiten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kwartsvariëteiten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hieronder is een lijst met de meest bekende kwartsvariëteiten te zien. Vaak worden deze ingedeeld in twee hoofdgroepen. De <a href="/wiki/Microkristallijn" title="Microkristallijn">macrokristallijne</a> variëteiten bestaan uit kristallen die met het blote oog te zien zijn. De kristalvorm zelf hoeft niet altijd zichtbaar te zijn. <a href="/wiki/Rozenkwarts" title="Rozenkwarts">Rozenkwarts</a> is hiervan een voorbeeld. De <a href="/wiki/Cryptokristallijn" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptokristallijn">cryptokristallijne</a> variëteiten bestaan uit, voor het oog, onzichtbaar kleine kristallen. Het onderscheid tussen verschillende kwartsvariëteiten is vaak vaag. Zo is het scheidingspunt tussen een donkere <a href="/wiki/Rookkwarts" title="Rookkwarts">rookkwarts</a> en een lichte <a href="/wiki/Morion_(kwarts)" title="Morion (kwarts)">morion</a> eigenlijk niet te bepalen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macrokristallijne_variëteiten"><span id="Macrokristallijne_vari.C3.ABteiten"></span>Macrokristallijne variëteiten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Macrokristallijne variëteiten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Macrokristallijne variëteiten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amethist" title="Amethist">Amethist</a> is de paarse variëteit van kwarts.</li> <li>Ametrien is een vergroeiing van amethist en citrien.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventurien" title="Aventurien">Aventurien</a> is kwarts met insluitsels van plaatvormige mineralen zoals fuchsiet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergkristal" title="Bergkristal">Bergkristal</a> is helder en kleurloos.</li> <li>Blauwkwarts is een blauwe variëteit van kwarts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrien" title="Citrien">Citrien</a> is de gele variëteit. Het wordt ook geproduceerd door het verhitten van amethist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJzerkwarts" title="IJzerkwarts">IJzerkwarts</a> is kwarts met insluitingen van ijzermineralen en daardoor roodgekleurd.</li> <li>Melkkwarts is wit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morion_(kwarts)" title="Morion (kwarts)">Morion</a> is een zeer donkerbruine tot zwarte variëteit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattenoog_(mineraal)" title="Kattenoog (mineraal)">Kattenoog</a> is kwarts dat het <a href="/wiki/Chatoyance-effect" title="Chatoyance-effect">chatoyance-effect</a> bezit.</li> <li>Praas is groene kwarts met insluitingen van bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Actinoliet" title="Actinoliet">actinoliet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hedenbergiet" title="Hedenbergiet">hedenbergiet</a>.</li> <li>Prasioliet in een groene, ijzerhoudende kwarts. Het wordt soms geproduceerd door verhitten van amethist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rookkwarts" title="Rookkwarts">Rookkwarts</a> is lichtbruine tot donkerbruine kwarts. Het kan door bestraling van bergkristal gemaakt worden.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozenkwarts" title="Rozenkwarts">Rozenkwarts</a> is een massieve roze variëteit van kwarts.</li> <li>Roze kwarts werd oorspronkelijk voor een duidelijk gekristalliseerde variant van rozenkwarts aangezien, maar de kleur blijkt door een ander mechanisme te ontstaan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutielkwarts" title="Rutielkwarts">Rutielkwarts</a> bestaat meestal uit bergkristal met insluitingen van rutielkristallen.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijgeroog" title="Tijgeroog">Tijgeroog</a> is een pseudomorfose van kwarts en goethiet na <a href="/wiki/Riebeckiet" title="Riebeckiet">riebeckiet</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijgerijzer" title="Tijgerijzer">Tijgerijzer</a> bestaat uit <a href="/wiki/Hematiet" title="Hematiet">hematiet</a>, jaspis en tijgeroog.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valkenoog" title="Valkenoog">Valkenoog</a> is kwarts met riebeckietvezels.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cryptokristallijne_variëteiten"><span id="Cryptokristallijne_vari.C3.ABteiten"></span>Cryptokristallijne variëteiten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Cryptokristallijne variëteiten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Cryptokristallijne variëteiten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agaat_(vari%C3%ABteit)" title="Agaat (variëteit)">Agaat</a> bestaat uit gebande chalcedoon.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carneool" title="Carneool">Carneool</a> is helderoranje tot dieprode chalcedoon.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedoon" title="Chalcedoon">Chalcedoon</a> is een vezelige, doorschijnende cryptokristallijne variëteit van kwarts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysopraas" title="Chrysopraas">Chrysopraas</a> is groene chalcedoon.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliotroop_(mineraal)" title="Heliotroop (mineraal)">Heliotroop</a> is groene jaspis met rode vlekken.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaspis_(halfedelsteen)" title="Jaspis (halfedelsteen)">Jaspis</a> is opake cryptokristallijne kwarts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx_(mineraal)" title="Onyx (mineraal)">Onyx</a> is zwart-wit gebande agaat.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardonyx" title="Sardonyx">Sardonyx</a> is rood-zwart-wit gebande agaat.</li> <li>Plasma is groene jaspis.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarder" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarder">Sarder</a> is bruine chalcedoon.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuursteen" title="Vuursteen">Vuursteen</a> bestaat uit cryptokristallijne kwarts en chemisch gebonden water.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Kwartsvariëteiten</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Quartz,_Tibet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Helder bergkristal"><img alt="Helder bergkristal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg/224px-Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg/337px-Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg/449px-Quartz%2C_Tibet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="1596" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Helder <a href="/wiki/Bergkristal" title="Bergkristal">bergkristal</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Citrine_1_(Russie).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Natuurlijke citrien"><img alt="Natuurlijke citrien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Citrine_1_%28Russie%29.jpg/339px-Citrine_1_%28Russie%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Citrine_1_%28Russie%29.jpg/509px-Citrine_1_%28Russie%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Citrine_1_%28Russie%29.jpg/678px-Citrine_1_%28Russie%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Natuurlijke <a href="/wiki/Citrien" title="Citrien">citrien</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 211.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 209.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Quartz_rose_(Br%C3%A9sil)_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rozenkwarts"><img alt="Rozenkwarts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Quartz_rose_%28Br%C3%A9sil%29_2.JPG/314px-Quartz_rose_%28Br%C3%A9sil%29_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Quartz_rose_%28Br%C3%A9sil%29_2.JPG/472px-Quartz_rose_%28Br%C3%A9sil%29_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Quartz_rose_%28Br%C3%A9sil%29_2.JPG/628px-Quartz_rose_%28Br%C3%A9sil%29_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3772" data-file-height="2704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rozenkwarts" title="Rozenkwarts">Rozenkwarts</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:USDA_Mineral_Smokey_Quartz_93v3949.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Morion"><img alt="Morion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/USDA_Mineral_Smokey_Quartz_93v3949.jpg/150px-USDA_Mineral_Smokey_Quartz_93v3949.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/USDA_Mineral_Smokey_Quartz_93v3949.jpg/225px-USDA_Mineral_Smokey_Quartz_93v3949.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/USDA_Mineral_Smokey_Quartz_93v3949.jpg/299px-USDA_Mineral_Smokey_Quartz_93v3949.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Morion_(kwarts)" title="Morion (kwarts)">Morion</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aventurine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aventurien"><img alt="Aventurien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Aventurine.jpg/300px-Aventurine.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Aventurine.jpg/451px-Aventurine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Aventurine.jpg/600px-Aventurine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Aventurien" title="Aventurien">Aventurien</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Geode-with-encrustation-of-quartz-crystals-on-a-base-of-limonite-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Geode van limoniet met binnenin kwarts-kristallen."><img alt="Geode van limoniet met binnenin kwarts-kristallen." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Geode-with-encrustation-of-quartz-crystals-on-a-base-of-limonite-01.jpg/338px-Geode-with-encrustation-of-quartz-crystals-on-a-base-of-limonite-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Geode-with-encrustation-of-quartz-crystals-on-a-base-of-limonite-01.jpg/507px-Geode-with-encrustation-of-quartz-crystals-on-a-base-of-limonite-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Geode-with-encrustation-of-quartz-crystals-on-a-base-of-limonite-01.jpg/675px-Geode-with-encrustation-of-quartz-crystals-on-a-base-of-limonite-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5133" data-file-height="3422" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Geode_(mineralogie)" title="Geode (mineralogie)">Geode</a> van <a href="/wiki/Limoniet" title="Limoniet">limoniet</a> met binnenin kwarts-kristallen.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Amethyst._Magaliesburg,_South_Africa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amethist"><img alt="Amethist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Amethyst._Magaliesburg%2C_South_Africa.jpg/338px-Amethyst._Magaliesburg%2C_South_Africa.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Amethyst._Magaliesburg%2C_South_Africa.jpg/507px-Amethyst._Magaliesburg%2C_South_Africa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Amethyst._Magaliesburg%2C_South_Africa.jpg/675px-Amethyst._Magaliesburg%2C_South_Africa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1344" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Amethist" title="Amethist">Amethist</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Amethyst_ring.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ring met een amethist."><img alt="Ring met een amethist." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Amethyst_ring.jpg/300px-Amethyst_ring.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Amethyst_ring.jpg/451px-Amethyst_ring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Amethyst_ring.jpg/600px-Amethyst_ring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ring met een <a href="/wiki/Amethist" title="Amethist">amethist</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Tigers-Eye.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tijgeroog met chatoyance-effect"><img alt="Tijgeroog met chatoyance-effect" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Tigers-Eye.jpg/225px-Tigers-Eye.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Tigers-Eye.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="283" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tijgeroog" title="Tijgeroog">Tijgeroog</a> met <a href="/wiki/Chatoyance-effect" title="Chatoyance-effect">chatoyance-effect</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Quartz_crystal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kristallen bol van kwartsglas"><img alt="Kristallen bol van kwartsglas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Quartz_crystal.jpg/224px-Quartz_crystal.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Quartz_crystal.jpg/337px-Quartz_crystal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Quartz_crystal.jpg/448px-Quartz_crystal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2327" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kristallen bol van kwartsglas</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <table class="toccolours" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Gesteentevormend_mineraal" title="Gesteentevormend mineraal">Gesteentevormende mineralen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stollingsgesteente" title="Stollingsgesteente">stollingsgesteenten</a>)</b><br /> <p><small><a href="/wiki/Felsisch" title="Felsisch">felsisch</a><span style="color: #fff;">--------------------------------------------------</span><a href="/wiki/Mafisch" title="Mafisch">mafisch</a><br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">kwarts</a> - <a href="/wiki/Veldspaat" title="Veldspaat">veldspaat</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mica_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mica (hoofdbetekenis)">mica</a> - <a href="/wiki/Amfibool" title="Amfibool">amfibool</a> - <a href="/wiki/Pyroxeen" title="Pyroxeen">pyroxeen</a> - <a href="/wiki/Olivijn" title="Olivijn">olivijn</a></small> </p> </td> <td>  </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Syenite.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Syeniet"><img alt="Syeniet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Syenite.jpg/75px-Syenite.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Syenite.jpg/113px-Syenite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Syenite.jpg/150px-Syenite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="299" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quartz#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Quartz">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quartz#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Quartz">Kwarts</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Voetnoten</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:03-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:03_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2019"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">M. F. Ashby</span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hugh Shercliff, David Cebon</span> (2019). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1097951622">Materials : engineering, science, processing and design</a></i></cite>, Kidlington, Oxford, United Kingdom. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-08-102376-1" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-08-102376-1">ISBN 978-0-08-102376-1</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2017"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">P. W. Atkins</span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Julio De Paula</span> (2017). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/968411618">Elements of physical chemistry</a></i></cite>, Oxford, United Kingdom. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-19-872787-3" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-19-872787-3">ISBN 978-0-19-872787-3</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">DBNL</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_noo001188701_01/_noo001188701_01_0028.php">Noord en Zuid. Jaargang 10 · dbnl</a>. <i>DBNL</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220602222013/https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_noo001188701_01/_noo001188701_01_0028.php">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-06-02">2 juni 2022</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/kwarts" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/kwarts">WikiWoordenboek</a></div><div class="interProjectTemplate"></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&oldid=67826929">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kwarts&oldid=67826929</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Kwarts_en_vari%C3%ABteiten" title="Categorie:Kwarts en variëteiten">Kwarts en variëteiten</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Oxide_(mineraal)" title="Categorie:Oxide (mineraal)">Oxide (mineraal)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Polymorf_mineraal" title="Categorie:Polymorf mineraal">Polymorf mineraal</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 15 jul 2024 om 20:55.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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