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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ethiopia" title="Politics of Ethiopia">Politics of Ethiopia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg/125px-Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg/188px-Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg/250px-Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Constitution</li><li>Presidency</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995_Constitution_of_Ethiopia" title="1995 Constitution of Ethiopia">Constitution</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_Ethiopia" title="Constitutions of Ethiopia">History</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ethiopia" title="President of Ethiopia">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Ethiopia" title="List of presidents of Ethiopia">List</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Taye_Atskeselassie" class="mw-redirect" title="Taye Atskeselassie">Taye Atskeselassie</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ethiopia" title="Government of Ethiopia">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Ethiopia" title="List of heads of government of Ethiopia">List</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia (page does not exist)">Deputies</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Debretsion_Gebremichael" title="Debretsion Gebremichael">Debretsion Gebremichael</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Demeke_Mekonnen" title="Demeke Mekonnen">Demeke Mekonnen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Muktar_Kedir" title="Muktar Kedir">Muktar Kedir</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Ethiopia)" title="Council of Ministers (Ethiopia)">Council of Ministers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Federation" title="House of Federation">House of Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peoples%27_Representatives" title="House of Peoples' Representatives">House of Peoples' Representatives</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Judiciary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Ethiopia" title="Federal Supreme Court of Ethiopia">Federal Supreme Court</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ethiopia" title="Elections in Ethiopia">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2013_Ethiopian_presidential_election" title="2013 Ethiopian presidential election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Ethiopian_presidential_election" title="2018 Ethiopian presidential election">2018</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Parliamentary: <a href="/wiki/2015_Ethiopian_general_election" title="2015 Ethiopian general election">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Ethiopian_general_election" title="2021 Ethiopian general election">2021</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Election_Board_of_Ethiopia" title="National Election Board of Ethiopia">NEBE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ethiopia" title="List of political parties in Ethiopia">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Ethiopia">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Ethiopia" title="Regions of Ethiopia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zones_of_Ethiopia" title="List of zones of Ethiopia">Zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Ethiopia" title="Districts of Ethiopia">Districts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ethiopia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ethiopia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Gedu_Andargachew" title="Gedu Andargachew">Gedu Andargachew</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Ethiopia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Ethiopia">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Ethiopia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Ethiopia">in Ethiopia</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_passport" title="Ethiopian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Ethiopian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Ethiopian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Ethiopia" title="Visa policy of Ethiopia">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Ethiopia" title="Foreign aid to Ethiopia">Foreign aid</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ethiopia" title="Human rights in Ethiopia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Ethiopian Human Rights Commission">Human Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Reconciliation_Commission" title="Ethiopian Reconciliation Commission">Reconciliation Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Emergency_Inquiry_Board_(Tigray)" title="State of Emergency Inquiry Board (Tigray)">Inquiry Board (Tigray War)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Ethiopia" title="Template:Politics of Ethiopia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Ethiopia" title="Template talk:Politics of Ethiopia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Ethiopia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Ethiopia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The foreign relations of Ethiopia refers to overall diplomatic relationship of Ethiopia. The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ethiopia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ethiopia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> oversees foreign relations and diplomatic missions of the country. Ethiopia is one of few early African countries admitted to the League of Nations, becoming a member on 28 September 1923, and was one of the founding members of the United Nations. During the Scramble for Africa, Ethiopia had maintained its full sovereignty over European colonial power and fought the First Italo-Ethiopian War in 1895–96. However, the League did not protect in accord with the envisaged "collective security" of the country, resulted Italy's occupation of Ethiopia for 5 years (1936–1941). From 1950s, Ethiopia participated to UN peacekeeping missions such as in Korean War and Congo Crisis. Virtually, Ethiopia maintains diplomatic relations to most countries, and is non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Antiquity">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Land_of_Punt">Land of Punt</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Land of Punt">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Punt" title="Land of Punt">Punt</a> (2500 BCE – 980 BCE) was predominantly a trading centre dominated by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> to <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>. Trading commodities includes exports of Egypt; one of the most essential was <a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">incense</a>, which was mainly used for religious rituals for <a href="/wiki/Embalming" title="Embalming">embalming</a> corpse. Other were <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spices" class="mw-redirect" title="Spices">spices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hide_(skin)" title="Hide (skin)">hides</a> and exotic animals that convey route to coast of Ethiopia, thus Ethiopia has been an integral part of Punt. Egyptian expedition to southeastern African region was generally commenced in the second millennium BC, after stabilizing relations with kingdoms of today's <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush">Kush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napata" title="Napata">Napata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mero%C3%AB" title="Meroë">Meroë</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Arabia">South Arabia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: South Arabia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bab_el_Mandeb_NAS-AR_description.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bab_el_Mandeb_NAS-AR_description.png/220px-Bab_el_Mandeb_NAS-AR_description.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bab_el_Mandeb_NAS-AR_description.png/330px-Bab_el_Mandeb_NAS-AR_description.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bab_el_Mandeb_NAS-AR_description.png/440px-Bab_el_Mandeb_NAS-AR_description.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> capture of Arabic description of strait <a href="/wiki/Bab_el_Mandeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Bab el Mandeb">Bab el Mandeb</a>. It is known for passage for South Arabian migration.</figcaption></figure> Some theorists hypothesized Ancient South Arabian people migrated <a href="/wiki/Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans" title="Recent African origin of modern humans">out of Africa</a> to the strait <a href="/wiki/Bab-el-Mandeb" title="Bab-el-Mandeb">Bab-el-Mandeb</a> when its sea level decreased to current status. When their civilization came to appear from 4th millennium BC, onward <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, adaptation of Semitic language was from end of <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>, though they used Canaanite alphabet developed from Syria or Palestine during second millennium BC. Apparently, these languages similarity compared to Hebrew and Phoenician alphabets, even though lacked scholarly consensus. By 500 BC, it was widely spoken such as the <a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez language">Ge'ez language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenze200019-2">[2]</a> Writing system through <a href="/wiki/Inscription" class="mw-redirect" title="Inscription">inscription</a> on stone often detailed historical rival kingdoms in the region, most notability the Saba, Qataban, Himyar, <a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut" title="Hadhramaut">Hadhramaut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ma%27in" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'in">Ma'in</a> and others. In 1959, American archeologists collected numerous artifacts and body of inscriptions in the area, belonging to <a href="/wiki/Primary_source" title="Primary source">primary sources</a>. The inscription not only detailed about South Arabia, but also the early <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ethiopia" title="History of Ethiopia">Ethiopian history</a> associated with Kingdom of Aksum and its rulers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenze200020-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kingdom_of_Aksum">Kingdom of Aksum</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Aksum">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg/220px-Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg/330px-Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg/440px-Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="903" /></a><figcaption>Map of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a> in the first century featuring trade route of Aksum with the rest powerful states</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Kingdom of Aksum</a> has been a great power in classic Africa; once it has been referenced by Persian prophet <a href="/wiki/Mani_(prophet)" title="Mani (prophet)">Mani</a> in the 3rd century and Greco-Roman trading guide <a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea" title="Periplus of the Erythraean Sea">Periplus of the Erythraean Sea</a> in first century. Axum maintained well-defined foreign relations with powerful realms in the era. According to Stuart Munro-Hay witness, the Aksumite had several account of ambassadors that had delegation with neighboring powers. Occasionally, Aksumite contact with foreign powers also attested by archaeological or scarce finds.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egypt">Egypt</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Egypt">edit</a>]</div> Aksumite relations with pre-Roman Egypt was ostensibly uncertain. However, it was considered that Aksumite contact were also existed during the fall of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a> with <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra</a> death in 30 BC. Few artifacts were uncovered from Egypt such as cippus of Horus given to Bruce, and illustrated by him, and a few amulet figurines of blue faience<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> or cornaline<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> found at various sites of Ethiopia. Other include the double-uraeus, perhaps brought from <a href="/wiki/Mero%C3%AB" title="Meroë">Meroë</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> Another discoveries are an inscription of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy III">Ptolemy III</a> copied by Kosmas at <a href="/wiki/Adulis" title="Adulis">Adulis</a> and ankh'-sign engraved on one of the stelae. During King <a href="/wiki/Ezana_of_Axum" title="Ezana of Axum">Ezana</a>'s reign, he expedited to the Nile after <a href="/wiki/Mero%C3%AB" title="Meroë">Meroë</a> was entirely sacked. After its successor <a href="/wiki/Noba" title="Noba">Noba</a> emerged, it behaved badly to consign Aksumite ambassadors punished with military expedition. An aggressive mistreatment was objected by tribes such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangurto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mangurto (page does not exist)">Mangurto</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nara_people" title="Nara people">Barya</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Khasa_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Khasa kingdom">Khasa</a> by asking support, either regarded Aksum would an aide of Noba or possibly a suzerain. Ezana's expedition also attacked Kasu, the remnants of Meroitic state. Nuba, Kasu, and Beja were integral to Ezana's kingdom. Meroitic artifacts have been found in Ethiopian location <a href="/wiki/Dar%27a" title="Dar'a">Addi Galamo</a> (Atse Dera) such as bronze bowls, which was brought from Roman Egypt. It was possibly made up of diorite thumb-ring found by the BIEA expedition at Aksum, and corna line amulet of Harpocrates with typical double-uraeus of the Meroites.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Arabia_2">South Arabia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: South Arabia">edit</a>]</div> Saba, <a href="/wiki/Himyarite_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Himyarite Kingdom">Himyar</a> and Hadhramawit kingdom commonly known as South Arabian states—had special relations with Ethiopia. Culturally, linguistically, and socially, Aksumite civilization completely inspired by those overseas. While Aksumite intervention to states generally uncertain, it was viable to have a military expedition beginning in 3rd century. During the period of <a href="/wiki/GDRT" title="GDRT">GDRT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adhebah" class="mw-redirect" title="Adhebah">Adhebah</a> reign, (’DBH), Aksumite commenced a military treaty with Saba and then with Hadhramawit in the first half of third century.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> During Adhebah period, Shamir called Himyar prince Dhu-Raydan sent military aid from Aksum. Later, Aksumite king adopted nominally "king of Saba and Himyar", asserting suzerainty. Foreign contact also continued during the fifth and early sixth centuries between the two sides of Red Sea. Byzantine scholar <a href="/wiki/Procopius" title="Procopius">Procopius</a> told the voyage of crossing Red Sea for five days and nights and that "the harbor of the Homeritae from which they are accustomed to putting to sea is called Boulikas", presumably somewhere near Mukha, and " at the end of the sail across the sea they always put in at the harbor of the Adulitae" at the reign of King Kaleb.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> Arabian titles were experienced in South Arabia during Kaleb's reign; after his viceroy deposed by Jewish Himyar king Yusuf Asar, Yemen was no longer requisite to Aksum. The event led Aksumite to decline its dominion. An inscription dated to 543 AD mentioned that the new king named Abraha dealing with the restoration of great dam at Marib, and mentioned embassies from various foreign countries such as Aksum, Rome, Persia and various Arab groups. Procopius noted that Abreha was subordinated by Kaleb, a period which unbeknownst to Abreha regaining the kingdom reputations and he received little damage.<a href="#cite_note-:2-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Middle Ages">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian%E2%80%93Adal_War" title="Ethiopian–Adal War">Ethiopian–Adal War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prester_John" title="Prester John">Prester John</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prester_John.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Prester_John.jpg/250px-Prester_John.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Prester_John.jpg/375px-Prester_John.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Prester_John.jpg/500px-Prester_John.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption>"Preste" as the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor of Ethiopia</a>, enthroned on a map of East Africa. From an atlas by the Portuguese cartographer <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Homem" title="Diogo Homem">Diogo Homem</a> for <a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Queen Mary</a>, c. 1555–1559. (<a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>)</figcaption></figure> Foreign relations in the Middle Ages have impacted by an interaction with Iberian countries—<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portugal</a>—especially the latter had considerable power on internal affairs. Portuguese influence spanned from 1500 to 1672, they had an interest of spreading <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> order from 1556 to 1632. According to their narrative effluence, the Portuguese authors underscored their involvement to Ethiopia, but overturned to smoothly decay. Portuguese authors works notably <a href="/wiki/Francisco_%C3%81lvares" title="Francisco Álvares">Francisco Álvares</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miguel_de_Castanhoso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miguel de Castanhoso (page does not exist)">Miguel de Castanhoso</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_P%C3%A1ez" title="Pedro Páez">Pedro Páez</a> survived to this day.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Prester_John" title="Prester John">Prester John</a>, a fabulous Christian king, spurred the Portuguese to pursue Ethiopia whose kingdom they equates with <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a>. According to the legend, he was born about 1460 and last seen in 1526. There is also speculation about his age where he lived for fifteen or twenty seven years beyond 1526. <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AAro_da_Covilh%C3%A3" title="Pêro da Covilhã">Pero da Covilhã</a> profoundly marched overland into the Ethiopian Highlands about the end of 1492 or beginning of 1493, characterized by conquest and superiority. He sent an information to Lisbon a few years later that contributed Vasco da Gama mobilisation to African southern cap into the Indian Ocean. The Portuguese navy almost dominated the coastline of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> In the early 15th century, Ethiopia sought to make diplomatic contact with European kingdoms for the first time since the Aksumite era. <a href="/wiki/Atse" class="mw-redirect" title="Atse">Atse</a> <a href="/wiki/Dawit_I" title="Dawit I">Dawit I</a> first made contact with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> by requesting for religious artifacts and craftsmen. A letter from <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry IV of England</a> to the Ethiopian Emperor survives.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> In 1428, <a href="/wiki/Yeshaq_I" title="Yeshaq I">Yeshaq I</a> sent two emissaries to <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso V of Aragon">Alfonso V of Aragon</a>, who sent his own emissaries that failed to complete the return trip home to Aragon.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The first continuous relations with a European country began in 1508 with Portugal under <a href="/wiki/Dawit_II" title="Dawit II">Dawit II</a> (Lebna Dengel), who had just inherited the throne from his father.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> In 1487, King John II of Portugal sent two emissaries to the Orient, Pero da Covilhã and Afonso de Paiva; Afonso would die on this mission.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> By the end of Middle Ages, the Ethiopian Empire was in a 13 year long war with neighboring Muslim states, and a Portuguese expedition force was sent from <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> to aid the Ethiopian Army due to an ongoing <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Portuguese_conflicts_(1538%E2%80%931559)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559)">rivalry with the Ottoman Empire</a>, who provided logistical support to the Adal Sultanate.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_period">Early modern period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Early modern period">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gondarine_period">Gondarine period</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gondarine period">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gondarine_period#Jesuits" title="Gondarine period">Gondarine period § Jesuits</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Susenyos_I_of_Ethiopia_receives_the_Latin_Patriarch_Afonso_Mendes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/King_Susenyos_I_of_Ethiopia_receives_the_Latin_Patriarch_Afonso_Mendes.jpg/220px-King_Susenyos_I_of_Ethiopia_receives_the_Latin_Patriarch_Afonso_Mendes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/King_Susenyos_I_of_Ethiopia_receives_the_Latin_Patriarch_Afonso_Mendes.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Susenyos_I" title="Susenyos I">Susenyos I</a> receives Latin Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Afonso_Mendes" title="Afonso Mendes">Afonso Mendes</a>. Painted in 1713</figcaption></figure> Since 16th century, Roman Catholicism and the Jesuits increasingly influenced on state power. Besides, the <a href="/wiki/Oromo_migrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Oromo migrations">Oromo migrations</a> had vital role in the northern Ethiopia. Among other Jesuit, Spanish Jesuit Pedro Paez had favorable relations to the Emperors of Ethiopia like <a href="/wiki/Za_Dengel" title="Za Dengel">Za Dengel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susenyos_I" title="Susenyos I">Susenyos I</a>, the latter promulgated that Roman Catholicism state administrative to the Empire in 1622 on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a> Church, resulted in grave conflict for the years. The reign of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Fasilides" title="Fasilides">Fasilides</a> in 1632 arranged this status by restoring Orthodox Tewahedo state leadership and expelled Jesuits from his land. After founding Gondar in 1636, Ethiopia then prospered again with the beginning of "<a href="/wiki/Gondarine_period" title="Gondarine period">Gondarine period</a>" characterized as relatively peaceful governance. However, few <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Capuchin</a> friars said to be lived during the 18th century such as Franciscan Giuseppe Maria di Gerusalemme, Remedius Prutky (who left credible records to the city). Architecture of this period was slightly influenced by the remnant Jesuits, but also the presence of Arab, Indians (brought by the Jesuits) as well as Turkish in Ottoman occupied <a href="/wiki/Habesh_Eyalet" title="Habesh Eyalet">northern area</a> had involvement. One of the example is castles in <a href="/wiki/Fasil_Ghebbi" title="Fasil Ghebbi">Fasil Ghebbi</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-Zemene_Mesafint">Post-Zemene Mesafint</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Post-Zemene Mesafint">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_departure.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/British_departure.jpg/220px-British_departure.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/British_departure.jpg/330px-British_departure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/British_departure.jpg/440px-British_departure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="413" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/British_Expedition_to_Abyssinia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Expedition to Abyssinia">British expeditionary</a> force moving artillery across the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Highlands" title="Ethiopian Highlands">Ethiopian Highlands</a></figcaption></figure> Emperor <a href="/wiki/Tewodros_II" title="Tewodros II">Tewodros II</a> reinstated the imperial power and foreign relations. His connection of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> and other European leaders unfavorable when he sent unresponsive letter to the Queen, eventually leading to brief war with the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. The British sent 13,000 soldiers, 26,000 men for logistical support and 40,000 animals including war elephants from India during their expedition, resulting in Tewodros suicide at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magdala" title="Battle of Magdala">Magdala</a> in 1868. Not only modernized the empire, but he also paved the way of coherence the succession for subsequent emperors.<a href="#cite_note-:9-13">[13]</a> Ethiopia was briefly isolated from world power in the post-Zemene Mesafint period; Emperor <a href="/wiki/Yohannes_IV" title="Yohannes IV">Yohannes IV</a> faced Egyptian invasion as they laid linkage of <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> to Massawa, and opening road between <a href="/wiki/Adi_Quala" title="Adi Quala">Addi Quala</a> and Gundet used to penetrate the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a>. Yohannes IV on other side was reluctant to improve the road from the Ethiopian Highland to the coast of Red Sea. According to British assistant <a href="/wiki/John_Kirkham_(adventurer)" title="John Kirkham (adventurer)">John Kirkham</a>, he "preferred to keep his money hoarded up". Likewise, German traveller <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Rohlfs" title="Gerhard Rohlfs">Gerhard Rohlfs</a> asserted that he wanted to build churches rather than roads. Road working, on the sides, was completed by Swedish missionaries at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monkulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monkulu (page does not exist)">Monkulu</a>. British traveller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustus_B._Wylde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustus B. Wylde (page does not exist)">Augustus B. Wylde</a> supposed that Abyssinians were "in fear of foreign invasion" where lastly commented "I suppose they are right".<a href="#cite_note-:1-14">[14]</a> Wylde noted that the first Ethiopian diaspora took place in mid-1880s, who had been from Massawa to Europe, adapting European trousers. This was strictly outlawed by the Emperor. The empire nonetheless, was surged into modernization by foreign contribution, numerous missionary schools were expanded by Swedish Protestants at Monkulu and the French Lazarist at <a href="/wiki/Keren,_Eritrea" title="Keren, Eritrea">Keren</a>, the later described by Wylde "a very useful education" with "very well conducted". Ethiopia had received broad European population in the 19th-century: Jean Baraglion of French origin who had lived for over a decade and according to Wylde, he enjoyed monopoly at <a href="/wiki/Adwa" title="Adwa">Adwa</a>. Despite rejoice, Baraglion encountered at least two rivals, a Hungarian named André who made an artificial limbs, and a Greek who have lived to <a href="/wiki/Shewa" title="Shewa">Shewa</a> over several years.<a href="#cite_note-:1-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menelik_II">Menelik II</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Menelik II">edit</a>]</div> Ethiopia had strong diplomatic relations under Emperor <a href="/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II">Menelik II</a> with <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a>, the latter pursued hegemony to Ethiopian Empire after establishing <a href="/wiki/Italian_Eritrea" title="Italian Eritrea">colony in Eritrea</a> (1882). The British and French rival with Italy due to insecurity with their respective protectorate in East Africa. However, both feared the process of Menelik's Expansions. In 1891, the British policy makers sent a circular note to the other world powers concerning the large portion of Nile Valley belonged to Ethiopia, "the activities and the pretension of the <a href="/wiki/Negus" title="Negus">Negus</a> were practically enough in themselves to bring the British to the support of Italian policy in East Africa."<a href="#cite_note-brit-15">[15]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_1909,_Edward_Hertslet_(Horn_of_Africa,_detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Africa_1909%2C_Edward_Hertslet_%28Horn_of_Africa%2C_detail%29.jpg/220px-Africa_1909%2C_Edward_Hertslet_%28Horn_of_Africa%2C_detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Africa_1909%2C_Edward_Hertslet_%28Horn_of_Africa%2C_detail%29.jpg/330px-Africa_1909%2C_Edward_Hertslet_%28Horn_of_Africa%2C_detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Africa_1909%2C_Edward_Hertslet_%28Horn_of_Africa%2C_detail%29.jpg/440px-Africa_1909%2C_Edward_Hertslet_%28Horn_of_Africa%2C_detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Ethiopia in 1909 illustrated by Edward Hertslet</figcaption></figure> On 2 May 1889, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Wuchale" title="Treaty of Wuchale">Treaty of Wuchale</a> was signed between Ethiopia and Italy with respective bilingual version. The treaty was signed after the Italian occupation of Eritrea and aimed to create friendship with both countries. The Amharic and Italian language, however confused by Article 17 in which Menelik denounced in 1893, resulting Italy's threatening over the status of newly formed boundary. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menelik_-_Adoua-2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Menelik_-_Adoua-2_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Menelik_-_Adoua-2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Menelik_-_Adoua-2_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Menelik_-_Adoua-2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Menelik_-_Adoua-2_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Menelik_-_Adoua-2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3103" data-file-height="3524" /></a><figcaption>Menelik II at the Battle of Adwa</figcaption></figure> In 1895, the <a href="/wiki/First_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="First Italo-Ethiopian War">First Italo-Ethiopian War</a> began, ending with Italy's defeat at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adwa" title="Battle of Adwa">Battle of Adwa</a> by Ethiopian troops who were assisted logistically by Menelik. By early 1900, European agencies opened legation in Addis Ababa and had huge impact on investment in the country's infrastructure (schools, banks, road, railway etc.). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haile_Selassie">Haile Selassie</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Haile Selassie">edit</a>]</div> During <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> coronation in 1930, emissaries from the United States, Egypt, Turkey, Sweden, Belgium, and Japan were also presented. Since then, he led the forefront diplomatic relations of Ethiopia with world powers.<a href="#cite_note-m12-16">[16]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_artillery_during_the_Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Italian_artillery_during_the_Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War.jpg/220px-Italian_artillery_during_the_Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Italian_artillery_during_the_Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War.jpg/330px-Italian_artillery_during_the_Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Italian_artillery_during_the_Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War.jpg/440px-Italian_artillery_during_the_Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2640" /></a><figcaption>Italian artillery during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a>, March 1936</figcaption></figure> In 1930s, Ethiopia faced Italian renewed imperialist design. Together with the failure of the League of Nations envision of Ethiopia's "collective security", Italy invaded Ethiopia again in October 1935, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a>. In May 1936, Mussolini declared Ethiopia as part of <a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian East Africa</a> by merging with <a href="/wiki/Italian_Eritrea" title="Italian Eritrea">Eritrea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Somaliland" title="Italian Somaliland">Somaliland</a>. Haile Selassie fled to England's <a href="/wiki/Fairfield_House,_Bath" title="Fairfield House, Bath">Fairfield House, Bath</a>, and delivered an address that made him a worldwide figure, and the 1935 <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> <a href="/wiki/Person_of_the_Year" title="Person of the Year">Man of the Year</a>. On 10 June 1940, Mussolini declared war on France and Britain and attacked British and Commonwealth forces in Egypt, Sudan, Kenya and British Somaliland. In January 1941, the British army together with <a href="/wiki/Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Arbegnoch</a> ("the Patriots") and <a href="/wiki/Gideon_Force" title="Gideon Force">Gideon Force</a> occupied Ethiopia. On 5 May, Haile Selassie with auspice of Ethiopian Free Forces entered Addis Ababa and reclaimed his throne while the war continued until November. After their defeat, the Italian began guerrilla offensive in Ethiopia that lasted until the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces</a> in September 1943. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Captain_Senn_escorts_Emperor_Haile_aboard_USS_Quincy_(CA-71)_on_13_February_1945_(80-G-426882).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Captain_Senn_escorts_Emperor_Haile_aboard_USS_Quincy_%28CA-71%29_on_13_February_1945_%2880-G-426882%29.jpg/220px-Captain_Senn_escorts_Emperor_Haile_aboard_USS_Quincy_%28CA-71%29_on_13_February_1945_%2880-G-426882%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Captain_Senn_escorts_Emperor_Haile_aboard_USS_Quincy_%28CA-71%29_on_13_February_1945_%2880-G-426882%29.jpg/330px-Captain_Senn_escorts_Emperor_Haile_aboard_USS_Quincy_%28CA-71%29_on_13_February_1945_%2880-G-426882%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Captain_Senn_escorts_Emperor_Haile_aboard_USS_Quincy_%28CA-71%29_on_13_February_1945_%2880-G-426882%29.jpg/440px-Captain_Senn_escorts_Emperor_Haile_aboard_USS_Quincy_%28CA-71%29_on_13_February_1945_%2880-G-426882%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2588" data-file-height="2016" /></a><figcaption>Captain Elliot M. Senn, USN, escorts <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> aboard the U.S. (13 February 1945)</figcaption></figure> On 31 January 1942, the British and Ethiopia signed <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Ethiopian_Agreement" title="Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement">Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement</a> which Britain recognized Ethiopian sovereignty, except military occupation of Ogaden with their colony in Somaliland and the former Italian colony of Somaliland, creating a single polity. Ethiopians discontent about the privilege of military administration of some south-eastern region until formal agreement signed on 19 December 1944 that ended British advantage in the Ethiopian regions. The Italian Republic signed peace treaty on 10 February 1947 that recognized Ethiopia's sovereignty with agreement to pay $25,000,000 in reparations.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In 1952, Eritrea federated with Ethiopia with majority vote in the United Nations and this attitude declined by 1961, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a> since armed forces formed such as the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eritrean_Independence_War_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Eritrean_Independence_War_Map.png/220px-Eritrean_Independence_War_Map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Eritrean_Independence_War_Map.png/330px-Eritrean_Independence_War_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Eritrean_Independence_War_Map.png/440px-Eritrean_Independence_War_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1642" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a> map in 1970s</figcaption></figure> Oppositions against Haile Selassie came to existence with students began marching through 1960s and early 1970s, chanting "land for tiller" and embracing several Marxist–Leninist theme.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Haile Selassie deposed on 12 September 1974 by officers of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Army">Ethiopian Army</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Aman_Andom" title="Aman Andom">Aman Andom</a> named Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police and Territorial Army. The committee renamed itself Provisional Military Administrative Council known as the <a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Derg</a> after abolishing the Ethiopian Empire in March 1975. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Derg_era">The Derg era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Derg era">edit</a>]</div> The Derg aligned itself with <a href="/wiki/Soviet_bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet bloc">Soviet bloc</a>—had similar Marxist Leninist policy on Ethiopia. The Derg suffered from internal insurgency and ambivalent relations with neighboring countries such as Eritrea and Somalia. In 1977, the <a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a> was fought between the Derg supported by Cuba, Soviet Union and South Yemen, and Somalia with the United States and Egypt. Although ending on 15 March 1978, the relations between Ethiopia and Somalia marred with political dispute with involvement of the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) in relations of the disputed <a href="/wiki/Ogaden" title="Ogaden">Ogaden</a> region. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1986-0417-012,_Berlin,_XI._SED-Parteitag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1986-0417-012%2C_Berlin%2C_XI._SED-Parteitag.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1986-0417-012%2C_Berlin%2C_XI._SED-Parteitag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1986-0417-012%2C_Berlin%2C_XI._SED-Parteitag.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1986-0417-012%2C_Berlin%2C_XI._SED-Parteitag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1986-0417-012%2C_Berlin%2C_XI._SED-Parteitag.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1986-0417-012%2C_Berlin%2C_XI._SED-Parteitag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu Haile Mariam</a> (fifth in row) at SED Party Congress in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, April 1986</figcaption></figure> By the 1990, the Derg and Soviet Union relations was deteriorated after Mengistu Haile Mariam banned the Ethiopian media to use the term <a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">glasnost</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">perestroika</a>, defying <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> who was believed has not fondness for him. By early 1990, Mengistu helped emigration of the Ethiopian Jews to Israel by which many Jewish organizations and US Congress discerned Mengistu's task in the lobbying effort.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenze2000312–-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Democratic_Republic_era">Federal Democratic Republic era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Federal Democratic Republic era">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_3_December_2001-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Vladimir_Putin_3_December_2001-2.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_3_December_2001-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Vladimir_Putin_3_December_2001-2.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_3_December_2001-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Vladimir_Putin_3_December_2001-2.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_3_December_2001-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Meles_Zenawi" title="Meles Zenawi">Meles Zenawi</a> with <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> on 3 December 2001</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Kerry_and_Hailemariam_Desalegn_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/John_Kerry_and_Hailemariam_Desalegn_2014.jpg/220px-John_Kerry_and_Hailemariam_Desalegn_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/John_Kerry_and_Hailemariam_Desalegn_2014.jpg/330px-John_Kerry_and_Hailemariam_Desalegn_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/John_Kerry_and_Hailemariam_Desalegn_2014.jpg/440px-John_Kerry_and_Hailemariam_Desalegn_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4132" data-file-height="2750" /></a><figcaption>Former US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> with <a href="/wiki/Hailemariam_Desalegn" title="Hailemariam Desalegn">Hailemariam Desalegn</a> in 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abiy_Ahmed_and_Isaias_Afwerki_speaking_in_Eritrea_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Abiy_Ahmed_and_Isaias_Afwerki_speaking_in_Eritrea_2019.jpg/220px-Abiy_Ahmed_and_Isaias_Afwerki_speaking_in_Eritrea_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Abiy_Ahmed_and_Isaias_Afwerki_speaking_in_Eritrea_2019.jpg/330px-Abiy_Ahmed_and_Isaias_Afwerki_speaking_in_Eritrea_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Abiy_Ahmed_and_Isaias_Afwerki_speaking_in_Eritrea_2019.jpg/440px-Abiy_Ahmed_and_Isaias_Afwerki_speaking_in_Eritrea_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5573" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a> with Eritrean president <a href="/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki" title="Isaias Afwerki">Isaias Afwerki</a> meeting on 3 March 2019</figcaption></figure> After defeating the Derg in 1991, the newly formed coalition the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_People%27s_Revolutionary_Democratic_Front" title="Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front">Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front</a> (EPRDF), led by <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ethiopia" title="President of Ethiopia">President</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Meles_Zenawi" title="Meles Zenawi">Meles Zenawi</a>, experienced opposition from factions in Somalia as well as within the country; in May 1991, a pan-Islamist <a href="/wiki/Al-Itihaad_al-Islamiya" title="Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya">Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya</a> (Islamic Unity) established to consolidate Somalia's power in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Somalia" title="Greater Somalia">Greater Somalia</a>. Relations with Eritrea was somewhat better intensified after its UN-sponsored session from Ethiopia in May 1993. Later in 1998, their relations was deteriorated after large-scale Eritrean mechanized force penetrated to Badme region, triggering the <a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">Eritrean–Ethiopian War</a>. Both countries spent favorable amount of armaments ahead of the war and suffered reportedly 100,000 casualties combined as a direct consequence thereof, excluding indeterminate number of refugees.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_arms_ban-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tens-of-thousands-23">[23]</a> In December 2000, the two countries government signed <a href="/wiki/Algiers_Agreement_(2000)" title="Algiers Agreement (2000)">Algiers Agreement</a> which finalized the war and created binding judicial commissions, the Eritrea–Ethiopia Border Commission and the Eritrean–Ethiopian Claims Commissions, to oversee the disputed border and related claims. Since then, there was elevated tensions with border conflict and stalemate what is described "war footing" and "no-war-no-peace" with absence of foreign and domestic policy domination. This was ended after Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed came to power in 2018, signed the <a href="/wiki/2018_Eritrea%E2%80%93Ethiopia_summit" title="2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit">2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit</a> on 8–9 July.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Meles' government relations with Djibouti was friendly as Djibouti accessed Port of Djibouti to Ethiopia. Ethiopia had 90% imports arrived from Port of Djibouti and 95% of Djiboutian regional exports.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In 2006, the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) virtually controlled the whole of southern Somalia and successfully united Mogadishu and imposed <a href="/wiki/Shari%27a_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Shari'a law">Shari'a law</a>. With support of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, Ethiopia, under UN peacekeeping mission against <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terrorism">War on Terrorism</a>, attacked ICU. The ICU's split eventually led to the formation of <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a>, regrouping to continue the insurgency against TFG and Ethiopian military presence in Somalia.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In May 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Basin_Initiative" title="Nile Basin Initiative">Nile Basin Initiative</a> was signed by five upstream countries such as Ethiopia, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> as Egypt considerate as breach to the 1929 Anglo-Egyptian treaty that gave its right to share water.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> On 2 April 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Ethiopian_Renaissance_Dam" title="Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam">Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam</a> (GERD) inaugurated construction expected producing 15,000 megawatts of power within 10 years, spending 12 billion dollars of strategy to improve power generating capabilities. Egypt and Sudan continued objecting the filling of the dam in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Under Abiy Ahmed premiership since 2018, Ethiopia repleted its relations Somalia and Eritrea. In October 2018, Ethiopia signed peace agreement with the rebel faction ONLF ending 34 year long conflict since 1984. ONLF has clashed with the Ethiopian troops to contain vast oil and gas deposits, where Chinese oil firms developing two gas field in the area. In 2007, ONLF launched deadly attack against Chinese-run oil field which killed 65 Ethiopians and 9 Chinese nationals.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray War">Tigray War</a>, Ethiopia was allied to countries such as <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:22-31">[31]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><a href="#cite_note-:22-31">[31]</a> who supplied <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drones</a> to the Ethiopian government.<a href="#cite_note-:9-13">[13]</a> With involvement of <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Defence_Forces" title="Eritrean Defence Forces">Eritrean Defence Forces</a> (EDF), the US President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> designated six targets of sanction per Executive Order 14046, which was signed in September 2021.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_relations">Diplomatic relations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Diplomatic relations">edit</a>]</div> List of countries which Ethiopia maintains diplomatic relations with: <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Diplomatic_relations_of_Ethiopia.svg/425px-Diplomatic_relations_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="425" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Diplomatic_relations_of_Ethiopia.svg/638px-Diplomatic_relations_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Diplomatic_relations_of_Ethiopia.svg/850px-Diplomatic_relations_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="566" /></a> </th></tr> <tr> <th># </th> <th>Country </th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>1841<a href="#cite_note-britain-34">[34]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>20 March 1897<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>24 June 1897<a href="#cite_note-Italia_:_Ministero_delle_Finanze-36">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>27 December 1903<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td>7 March 1905<a href="#cite_note-hsozkult.de-38">[38]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td>25 November 1917<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>25 March 1923<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td>30 January 1926<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td> <td>1927<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td>18 November 1930<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td>1 January 1937<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>21 April 1943<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td>1 September 1943<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td> <td>11 February 1944<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td>28 April 1945<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td> <td>16 October 1945<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td>27 December 1945<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>1 July 1948<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-51">[51]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td>23 July 1948<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-52">[52]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td>25 May 1949<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </td> <td>31 July 1949<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> </td> <td>14 September 1949<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td>1 November 1949<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td>21 February 1950<a href="#cite_note-Udenrigsministeriets_kalender-57">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td>19 September 1950<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td>6 November 1950<a href="#cite_note-Rechtsgeleerd_magazin_Themis2-59">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td>1950<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>9 January 1951<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>27 April 1951<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td> <td>4 March 1952<a href="#cite_note-Keesing's_Limited-63">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td>2 May 1952<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td>3 June 1956<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>33 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> </td> <td>27 June 1956<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> </td> <td>20 March 1957<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>34 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td>2 July 1957<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td> <td>28 December 1957<a href="#cite_note-Ethiopia_Observer-69">[69]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>36 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td> <td>26 June 1958<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>37 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> </td> <td>1958<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>38 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td>6 January 1959<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>39 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> </td> <td>5 April 1959<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> </td> <td>10 April 1959<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>41 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td>17 July 1959<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td>17 November 1959<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>43 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td>16 May 1960<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>44 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> </td> <td>14 December 1960<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>45 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td>20 June 1961<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>46 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </td> <td>28 September 1961<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>47 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td>24 October 1961<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>48 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> </td> <td>22 June 1962<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>49 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td> <td>31 July 1962<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>50 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td>5 August 1963<a href="#cite_note-Ethiopie-84">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>51 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> </td> <td>9 August 1963<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>52 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </td> <td>12 December 1963<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>53 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td> <td>23 December 1963<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>54 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </td> <td>1963<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>55 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> </td> <td>23 March 1964<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>56 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td>10 April 1964<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>57 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> </td> <td>1 June 1964<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>58 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> </td> <td>4 June 1964<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceD-92">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>59 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> </td> <td>30 July 1964<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>60 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </td> <td>1964<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>61 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> </td> <td>1964<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>62 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> </td> <td>9 June 1965<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>63 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> </td> <td>7 July 1965<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>64 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> </td> <td>8 July 1965<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>65 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> </td> <td>6 October 1965<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>66 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>13 October 1965<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>67 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td>13 December 1965<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>68 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td>1965<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>69 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> </td> <td>4 March 1966<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>70 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> </td> <td>22 March 1966<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>71 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> </td> <td>7 May 1966<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>72 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> </td> <td>21 September 1966<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>73 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td>9 October 1966<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>74 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a> </td> <td>17 October 1966<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>75 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> </td> <td>26 October 1966<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>76 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> </td> <td>24 January 1967<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>77 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td>17 August 1967<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>78 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td>10 September 1967<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>79 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> </td> <td>19 October 1967<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>80 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a> </td> <td>1967<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>81 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> </td> <td>26 March 1968<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>82 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td>28 March 1968<a href="#cite_note-tratados.cancilleria.gob.ar-116">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>83 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> </td> <td>11 April 1968<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>84 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> </td> <td>20 May 1968<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>85 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </td> <td>31 March 1969<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>86 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> </td> <td>21 October 1969<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>87 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> </td> <td>15 September 1970<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>88 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> </td> <td>13 October 1970<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>89 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td>24 November 1970<a href="#cite_note-Ethiopia-123">[123]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>90 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> </td> <td>1970<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>91 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> </td> <td>1 January 1971<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> </td> <td>February 1971<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>92 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" />   <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td> <td>15 April 1971<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>93 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </td> <td>1972<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>94 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> </td> <td>5 June 1975<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>95 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td>18 July 1975<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>96 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </td> <td>11 October 1975<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>97 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td>23 February 1976<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>98 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </td> <td>19 September 1976<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>99 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td>7 February 1977<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>100 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> </td> <td>13 July 1977<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>101 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> </td> <td>17 September 1979<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-136">[136]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>102 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> </td> <td>15 December 1979<a href="#cite_note-Etat_des_Relations-137">[137]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>103 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td>19 March 1980<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>104 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td> <td>26 August 1980<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>105 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </td> <td>August 1980<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>106 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td> <td>6 September 1981<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>107 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/23px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/35px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/46px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> </td> <td>14 April 1982<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>108 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> </td> <td>30 November 1982<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>109 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> </td> <td>11 December 1982<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>110 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> </td> <td>October 1983<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>111 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td> <td>7 May 1984<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>112 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td> <td>8 December 1987<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>113 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> </td> <td>1987<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>114 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </td> <td>1980s<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>115 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> </td> <td>1990<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>116 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </td> <td>2 November 1992<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>117 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td> <td>6 November 1992<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>118 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td>1 April 1993<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>119 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </td> <td>5 May 1993<a href="#cite_note-Longman-153">[153]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>120 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> </td> <td>22 May 1993<a href="#cite_note-:02-154">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>121 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> </td> <td>29 June 1993<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>122 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </td> <td>2 December 1993<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>123 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> </td> <td>18 May 1994<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>124 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td>18 July 1994<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>125 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td> <td>6 January 1995<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>126 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </td> <td>7 February 1995<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>127 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </td> <td>10 May 1995<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>128 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> </td> <td>16 July 1995<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>129 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </td> <td>17 October 1995<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>130 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> </td> <td>June 1996<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>131 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td> <td>15 July 1996<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>132 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </td> <td>19 October 1998<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>133 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> </td> <td>28 November 1999<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>134 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> </td> <td>Before 1999<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>135 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> </td> <td>17 July 2000<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>136 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> </td> <td>16 February 2004<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>137 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> </td> <td>3 August 2004<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>138 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td> <td>23 August 2005<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>139 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> </td> <td>9 December 2005<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>140 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </td> <td>12 February 2007<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>141 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td>27 September 2007<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>142 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </td> <td>11 March 2008<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>143 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> </td> <td>2009<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>144 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /> <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> </td> <td>29 September 2010<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>145 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> </td> <td>6 January 2011<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>146 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td> <td>23 March 2011<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>147 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> </td> <td>10 June 2011<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>148 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td> <td>5 September 2011<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>149 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td> <td>6 December 2011<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>150 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> </td> <td>22 December 2011<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>151 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /> <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td> <td>23 January 2012<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>152 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> </td> <td>27 February 2012<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>153 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td> <td>20 June 2012<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>154 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> </td> <td>3 July 2012<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>155 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> </td> <td>24 June 2013<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>156 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </td> <td>11 November 2015<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>157 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> </td> <td>28 December 2015<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>158 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </td> <td>23 July 2016<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>159 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> </td> <td>28 October 2016<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>160 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> </td> <td>1 March 2017<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>161 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> </td> <td>6 August 2018<a href="#cite_note-UNDL-146">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>162 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/31px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/40px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> </td> <td>7 November 2018<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>163 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> </td> <td>Before March 2020<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>164 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> </td> <td>20 October 2020<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>165 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>166 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>167 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </td> <td>Unknown<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>168 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>169 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> </td> <td>Unknown<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>170 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>171 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>172 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/35px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/46px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Africa">Africa</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Africa">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:15%;">Country </th> <th style="width:12%;">Formal Relations Began </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Algeria has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>.</li> <li>Ethiopia closed its embassy in Algiers in 2021.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></td> <td>15 December 1979 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Djibouti%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Djibouti–Ethiopia relations">Djibouti–Ethiopia relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1979.<a href="#cite_note-Etat_des_Relations-137">[137]</a> The border between the two countries is based on the Franco-Ethiopian convention of 20 March 1897, which was later finalized in a protocol dated 16 January 1954 and rendered effective on 28 February of that year.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> In October 1991, the Ethiopian and Djiboutian governments signed a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation further solidifying relations. Since 1991, the two countries have signed over 39 protocol agreements.<a href="#cite_note-MFA-Dj-190">[190]</a> Djibouti remains a major economic partner of Ethiopia. On 13 April 2002, the two countries signed an agreement concerning the use of the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Djibouti" title="Port of Djibouti">Port of Djibouti</a> and the transit of cargo, which was later ratified by the Ethiopian <a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Federal Parliamentary Assembly</a> on 4 June of the same year.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> About 70% of the Port of Djibouti's activity consists of imports to and exports from neighboring Ethiopia, which depends on the harbour as its main maritime outlet. The port also serves as an international refueling center and transshipment hub.<a href="#cite_note-Cdpafoid-192">[192]</a> Additionally, both countries share ownership of the <a href="/wiki/Ethio-Djibouti_Railways" title="Ethio-Djibouti Railways">Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railroad</a>. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Egypt–Ethiopia relations">Egypt–Ethiopia relations</a> As two of the oldest independent states in Africa, both countries have an ancient relationship in many forms. The <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church</a> was under the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox Church</a> from ancient times until 1959. Ethiopian and Egyptian armies clashed in the early 19th century over control of territory in what is modern Sudan, and Ethiopia's access to the Red Sea. Both countries established formal diplomatic ties in 1927.<a href="#cite_note-SIS-193">[193]</a> More recently, because both countries share a <a href="/wiki/Special_relationship_(international_relations)" title="Special relationship (international relations)">special relationship</a> over the Nile basin, both are members of the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Basin_Initiative" title="Nile Basin Initiative">Nile Basin Initiative</a>. In 2010s, both countries relationship was deteriorated as a result of Ethiopia failed to reach trilateral agreement with Sudan regarding the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Ethiopian_Renaissance_Dam" title="Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam">Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam</a> project advanced. In 2021, Ethiopia closed its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> due to financial reasons.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></td> <td>22 May 1993</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Eritrea%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Eritrea–Ethiopia relations">Eritrea–Ethiopia relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1993 when first Ambassador of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia's to Eritrea Mr. Awalom Woldu Tuku presented his credentials to President Issaias Afwerki.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Diplomatic relations were broken on 12 May 1998 when Ethiopia and Eritrea went to war over the disputed border area of Badme.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Diplomatic relations were restored on 8 July 2018<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <ul><li>The boundary between these two countries is based on three treaties between Ethiopia and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia-Italy_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopia-Italy relations">Italy</a>, in 1900, 1902, and 1908. However no part of the shared boundary was afterwards demarcated.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a></li> <li>From 1950 until 1993, Eritrea was federated as part of Ethiopia. During much of this period, a number of Eritreans <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">fought for independence from Ethiopia</a>. The federation was ended with an April 1993 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Observer_Mission_to_Verify_the_Referendum_in_Eritrea" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Observer Mission to Verify the Referendum in Eritrea">plebiscite</a> which approved Eritrea's full independence.</li> <li>Disputes over Eritrea's border alignment led to the <a href="/wiki/Eritrean-Ethiopian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Eritrean-Ethiopian War">Eritrean-Ethiopian War</a> (1998–2000), which was resolved by an <a href="/wiki/Algiers_Agreement_(2000)" title="Algiers Agreement (2000)">independent boundary commission's</a> <a href="/wiki/Boundary_delimitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundary delimitation">delimitation</a> decision in 2002. However, demarcation has been delayed, despite intense international intervention, by Ethiopian insistence that the decision ignored "human geography," made technical errors in the delimitation, and determined that certain disputed areas, specifically <a href="/wiki/Badme" title="Badme">Badme</a>, fall to Eritrea. Eritrea meanwhile insists on not deviating from the commission's decision. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_in_Ethiopia_and_Eritrea" title="United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea">peacekeepers</a> monitoring the disputed boundary were forced to withdraw in July 2008<a href="#cite_note-UN_SRES18272008-199">[199]</a> having considered their remaining options<a href="#cite_note-UN_S2008226-200">[200]</a> after experiencing serious difficulties in supporting its troops.<a href="#cite_note-UN_S2008145-201">[201]</a></li> <li>In July 2018, leaders both countries <a href="/wiki/2018_Eritrea%E2%80%93Ethiopia_summit" title="2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit">signed</a> a peace treaty to put a formal end to a state of war between both nations paving the way for greater economic cooperation and improved ties between them.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>.</li> <li>Ghana has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></td> <td>4 March 1966 </td> <td> <ul><li>The Ivory Coast has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li> <li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></td> <td>26 June 1964</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Ethiopia–Kenya relations">Ethiopia–Kenya relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1964 and opened Ethiopian Embassy in Nairobi.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> Relations between <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> date back to the 1954, when the Ethiopian authorities under <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Haile Selassie I">Haile Selassie I</a> established an honorary consulate general in the British <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Colony" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya Colony</a>. In 1961, prior to Kenya's independence, Ethiopia appointed its first ambassador to Kenya, and six years later Kenya opened an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> The border between the two countries is based on a treaty signed by Ethiopia and Kenya on 9 June 1970, which determines the present-day boundary, abrogating all previous boundary treaties. This border has been subjected to demarcation.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>5 August 1963 </td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 August 1963<a href="#cite_note-Ethiopie-84">[84]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>.</li> <li>Morocco has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></td> <td> </td> <td> Ethiopia–Namibia relations refers to the <a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">current and historical relationship</a> between Ethiopia and Namibia. During the <a href="/wiki/Namibia_under_South_African_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="Namibia under South African occupation">South African occupation of Namibia</a>, Ethiopia was one of the country's leading proponents abroad; Ethiopia and <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> were the first two states to bring the question of independence for then <a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa" title="South West Africa">South West Africa</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> Namibia gained independence in 1990. In 2007, the two governments signed an agreement which expanded air travel between the two states.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> In December 2009, Namibia's Foreign Minister, <a href="/wiki/Marko_Hausiku" class="mw-redirect" title="Marko Hausiku">Marko Hausiku</a> met with Ethiopian Foreign Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/Seyoum_Mesfin" title="Seyoum Mesfin">Seyoum Mesfin</a> and noted the economic, science, technical and cultural agreements in place between the two countries and expressed a desire to improve the trade relations.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.</li> <li>Namibia has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="Ethiopia–Nigeria relations">Ethiopia–Nigeria relations</a></div> <ul><li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a>.</li> <li>Nigeria has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>.</li> <li>Senegal has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Somalia relations">Ethiopia–Somalia relations</a> Relations between the peoples of Somalia and Ethiopia stretch back to antiquity, to a common origin. The Ethiopian region is one of the proposed homelands of the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>'s various <a href="/wiki/Afro-Asiatic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Asiatic languages">Afro-Asiatic</a> communities.<a href="#cite_note-Levine-210">[210]</a> During the Middle Ages, Somali <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Ibrihim_al-Ghazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi">Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi</a> (Ahmad Gurey or Gragn) led a <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian-Adal_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian-Adal War">Conquest of Abyssinia</a> (Futuh al-Habash), which brought three-quarters of the Christian <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a> under the power of the Muslim <a href="/wiki/Adal_Sultanate" title="Adal Sultanate">Adal Sultanate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> With an army mainly composed of <a href="/wiki/Somali_people" title="Somali people">Somalis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> Many historians trace the origins of tensions between Somalia and Ethiopia to this war.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> In the 1960s and 1970s, a territorial dispute over the <a href="/wiki/Ogaden" title="Ogaden">Ogaden</a> region led to various armed confrontations between the Somalian and Ethiopian militaries. The tensions culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a>, which saw the Somali army capture most of the disputed territory by September 1977, before finally being expelled by a coalition of communist forces. With changes in leadership in the early 1990s brought on by the start of the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a>, respectively, relations between the Somali and Ethiopian authorities entered a new phase of military cooperation against the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Courts_Union" title="Islamic Courts Union">Islamic Courts Union</a> (ICU) rebel group and its more radical successor <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a>. In October 2011, a <a href="/wiki/Operation_Linda_Nchi" title="Operation Linda Nchi">coordinated multinational operation</a> began against Al-Shabaab in southern Somalia; the Ethiopian military eventually joined the <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Federal_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Transitional Federal Government">Transitional Federal Government</a>-led mission the following month.<a href="#cite_note-Eatbsaois-215">[215]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Government_of_Somalia" title="Federal Government of Somalia">Federal Government of Somalia</a> was later established on 20 August 2012,<a href="#cite_note-Fcacsunesinpshm-216">[216]</a> representing the first permanent central government in the country since the start of the civil war.<a href="#cite_note-Fcacsunesinpshm-216">[216]</a> The following month, <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud" title="Hassan Sheikh Mohamud">Hassan Sheikh Mohamud</a> was elected as the new Somali government's first President, with the Ethiopian authorities welcoming his selection and newly appointed Prime Minister of Ethiopia <a href="/wiki/Hailemariam_Desalegn" title="Hailemariam Desalegn">Hailemariam Desalegn</a> attending Mohamud's inauguration ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-Piuinefs-217">[217]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></td> <td> </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Somaliland_relations" title="Ethiopia–Somaliland relations">Ethiopia–Somaliland relations</a> <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a> has had decent economic relations with <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">Eritrean–Ethiopian War</a>, as a large part of Ethiopian exports have been handled via the port of Berbera, since Ethiopia can no longer use <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrean</a> ports of <a href="/wiki/Massaua" class="mw-redirect" title="Massaua">Massaua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assab" title="Assab">Assab</a>. These relationships stand in contrast to the “traditional hostility” towards Ethiopia felt by many Somalis in other areas, and against the background of low support among many northern Somalis for <a href="/wiki/Siad_Barre" title="Siad Barre">Siad Barre</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a> against Ethiopia and the <a href="/wiki/Somali_National_Movement" title="Somali National Movement">Somali National Movement</a> which Ethiopia assisted financially.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> So far, however, these have not led to official Ethiopian recognition. On 1 January 2024, Ethiopia and Somaliland signed a <a href="/wiki/2024_Ethiopia%E2%80%93Somaliland_memorandum_of_understanding" title="2024 Ethiopia–Somaliland memorandum of understanding">pact</a> giving Ethiopia access to the Red Sea in return for eventual recognition, making it the first UN member state to do so.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td> <td>6 January 1995 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Ethiopia–South Africa relations">Ethiopia–South Africa relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 January 1995<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>.</li> <li>South Africa has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></td> <td>27 June 1956 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="Ethiopia–Sudan relations">Ethiopia–Sudan relations</a> <a href="/wiki/Alodia" title="Alodia">Alodia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Makuria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Makuria">Kingdom of Makuria</a> had some relations with Ethiopia in Medieval times. The <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a> fought against <a href="/wiki/Mahdist_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdist Sudan">Mahdist Sudan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mahdist_War" title="Mahdist War">Mahdist War</a>. Ethiopia and Sudan first established formal relations in 1956.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> Relations between Ethiopia and Sudan were very good following the end of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a>, due to the support that the Sudanese government had given to the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_People%27s_Revolutionary_Democratic_Front" title="Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front">Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front</a>. However, relations were strained for a time following the 26 June 1995 assassination attempt against Egyptian president <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a> as he was leaving the OAU summit meeting in Addis Ababa. The subsequent investigation revealed that Sudan was involved in this act, forcing the Ethiopian government to take a series of steps against Sudan that September, which included closing the Sudanese consulate in <a href="/wiki/Gambela,_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambela, Ethiopia">Gambela</a>, reducing the number of Sudanese embassy staff, and terminating all <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Airways" title="Sudan Airways">Sudan Airways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Ethiopian Airlines">Ethiopian Airlines</a> flights between the two countries. However the start of the Eritrean-Ethiopian War led to Sudan and Ethiopia put this conflict between them and normalizing their relations by November 1999 when president <a href="/wiki/Omar_Hassan_al-Bashir" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar Hassan al-Bashir">Omar Hassan al-Bashir</a> made a formal visit to Addis Ababa.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> A protocol concerning Ethiopian access to <a href="/wiki/Port_Sudan" title="Port Sudan">Port Sudan</a> was signed between the two countries 5 March 2000 in Khartoum, and this protocol and its subsequent amendment were ratified by the Ethiopian <a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Federal Parliamentary Assembly</a> on 3 July 2003.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> Efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Sudan were delayed by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a>. In May 2008, residents along the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Sudan_border" title="Ethiopia–Sudan border">western Ethiopian border</a> reportedly discovered that the government had agreed to demarcate this boundary when Sudanese soldiers forced them out of their homes. It was reported that as many as 2,000 people were displaced in the <a href="/wiki/Gambela_Region" title="Gambela Region">Gambela Region</a>, and the Sudanese army reportedly set fire to two dozen Ethiopian farms and imprisoned 34 people in the <a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region" title="Amhara Region">Amhara Region</a>. However, Prime Minister Meles Zenawi publicly denied that any Ethiopians had been displaced by this agreement.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> Negotiations over this boundary continues, with the twelfth meeting of the Boundary Commission announced 28 December 2009 at <a href="/wiki/Mek%27ele" class="mw-redirect" title="Mek'ele">Mek'ele</a>, with Ethiopian representatives from the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_Region" title="Tigray Region">Tigray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benishangul-Gumuz_Region" title="Benishangul-Gumuz Region">Benishangul-Gumuz</a>, Amhara and Gambela Regions, and from the Sudanese side representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Nile_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Nile State">Upper Nile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_State" title="Blue Nile State">Blue Nile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sennar" title="Sennar">Sennar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al_Qadarif_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qadarif (state)">Al Qadarif</a> Administrations.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> Despite these border tensions, Sudan remains a major economic partner of Ethiopia. According to the Ethiopian Petroleum Supplier Enterprise (EPSE), Ethiopia in April 2013 imported around $1.12 billion worth of oil from Sudan over the previous six months. In total, about 85% of Ethiopia's yearly oil consumption comes from Sudan via the Port of Djibouti. Ethiopia and Sudan are also in the process of linking their <a href="/wiki/Power_grid" class="mw-redirect" title="Power grid">power grids</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tekle-228">[228]</a> In 2010s, Sudan—Egypt—Ethiopia joint relations was deteriorated as a result of Ethiopia failed to reach trilateral agreement regarding the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam project advanced. During <a href="/wiki/Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray War">Tigray War</a> in 2020, there was undissolved <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Sudanese_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2021 Ethiopian–Sudanese clashes">clash</a> between their <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Sudan_border" title="Ethiopia–Sudan border">border</a>, furtherly aggravated their relation.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></td> <td>1 June 1964</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 June 1964 when Ethiopia's Ambassador Ato Mekasha, presents his credentials<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Dar-es-Salaam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dar-es-Salaam">Dar-es-Salaam</a>.</li> <li>Tanzania has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></td> <td>4 June 1964</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 June 1964 when accredited first Ambassador of Ethiopia to Uganda (resident in Nairobi) Mr. Ato Getachew Mekasha<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceD-92">[92]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a>.</li> <li>Uganda has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a>.</li> <li>Zimbabwe has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Americas">Americas</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Americas">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:15%;">Country </th> <th style="width:12%;">Formal Relations Began </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td>28 March 1968 </td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1968<a href="#cite_note-tratados.cancilleria.gob.ar-116">[116]</a> <ul><li>Argentina has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li> <li>Ethiopia is accredited to Argentina from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td>9 January 1951 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Brazil–Ethiopia relations">Brazil–Ethiopia relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 January 1951 when was accredited first Minister of Ethiopia to Brazil Mr. Blatta Dawit Ogbazgy<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> <ul><li>Brazil has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li> <li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td>13 October 1965 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Canada–Ethiopia relations">Canada–Ethiopia relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 October 1965<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> <ul><li>Canada has an embassy in Addis Ababa.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a></li> <li>Ethiopia closed its embassy in Ottawa in 2021.</li> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Canadian">Ethiopian Canadian</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td>16 October 1945 </td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 October 1945<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> <ul><li>Chile has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li> <li>Ethiopia does not have an accreditation to Chile</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td>30 May 1967 </td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1967<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></td> <td>18 July 1975 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Cuba–Ethiopia relations">Cuba–Ethiopia relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 July 1975<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> <ul><li>Cuba has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li> <li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /> <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></td> <td>23 January 2012 </td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 2012<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> <ul><li>Ecuador is accredited to Ethiopia from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.</li> <li>Ethiopia does not have an accreditation to Ecuador.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></td> <td>22 March 1966 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Jamaica%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Jamaica–Ethiopia relations">Jamaica–Ethiopia relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 March 1966<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> <ul><li>Jamaica has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li> <li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td>1 November 1949 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="Ethiopia–Mexico relations">Ethiopia–Mexico relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 November 1949<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> <ul><li>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a>, Mexico was one of the member states of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> to condemn the occupation of Ethiopia and support the League's sanctions against Italy.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> Since then, relations between the two nations have strengthened.</li> <li>In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia named a square in the capital "Mexico Square." Mexico, in turn, named a metro station in Mexico City called <a href="/wiki/Metro_Etiop%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Etiopía">Metro Etiopía</a>.</li> <li>Mexico has an embassy in Addis Ababa.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a></li> <li>Ethiopia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ethiopianembassy.org-242">[242]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td> <td>7 May 1984 </td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1984<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> <ul><li>Nicaragua has an embassy in Addis Ababa.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td>10 September 1967 </td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 1967<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>27 December 1903 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ethiopia–United States relations">Ethiopia–United States relations</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia is a strategic partner of the United States in the Global War on Terrorism.</li> <li>U.S. development assistance to Ethiopia is focused on reducing famine vulnerability, hunger, and poverty and emphasizes economic, governance, and social sector policy reforms.</li> <li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, and a consulate-general in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ethiopianembassy.org-242">[242]</a></li> <li>United States has an embassy in Addis Ababa.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a></li> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian American">Ethiopian American</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></td> <td>23 March 2011 </td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 March 2011<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia does not have an accreditation to Uruguay.</li> <li>Uruguay has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></td> <td>20 July 1950 </td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 July 1950<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia does not have an accreditation to Venezuela.</li> <li>Venezuela has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asia">Asia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Asia">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:15%;">Country </th> <th style="width:12%;">Formal Relations Began </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></td> <td>2 December 1993 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Armenia–Ethiopia relations">Armenia–Ethiopia relations</a> <ul><li>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 December 1993<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a></li> <li>Armenia has an embassy in Addis Ababa.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a></li> <li>Ethiopia is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia.<a href="#cite_note-mfa.am-251">[251]</a></li> <li>Both nations have among the oldest Christian communities</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </td> <td>2 November 1992 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Ethiopia relations">Azerbaijan–Ethiopia relations</a> <ul><li>On November 2, 1992, Azerbaijan and Ethiopia signed a Protocol on the establishment of diplomatic relations.<a href="#cite_note-:0-252">[252]</a></li> <li>Azerbaijan has an embassy in Addis Ababa.<a href="#cite_note-:0-252">[252]</a></li> <li>Ethiopia maintains an honorary consulate in <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>24 November 1970 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="China–Ethiopia relations">China–Ethiopia relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 November 1970<a href="#cite_note-Ethiopia-123">[123]</a> <ul><li>China has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li> <li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> and consulates-general in <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>1 July 1948 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Ethiopia–India relations">Ethiopia–India relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1948<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-51">[51]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>.</li> <li>India has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li> <li>India trains Ethiopian personnel under its <a href="/wiki/Indian_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation_Programme" title="Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme">ITEC program</a> and is Ethiopia's second largest source of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Direct_Investments" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Direct Investments">Foreign Direct Investments</a>.</li> <li>The Second <a href="/wiki/India-Africa_Forum_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="India-Africa Forum Summit">India-Africa Forum Summit</a> was held in Addis Ababa in 2011 and India launched its <a href="/wiki/Pan-African_e-Network_project" title="Pan-African e-Network project">Pan-African e-Network Project</a> in Ethiopia in 2007.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td> </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Indonesia relations">Ethiopia–Indonesia relations</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>.</li> <li>Indonesia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td> <td>24 October 1961 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Ethiopia–Israel relations">Ethiopia–Israel relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 October 1961 when Ethiopia recognized Israel de jure, and agreed to raise the consulate in Addis Ababa to the level of an embassy.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> Ethiopia severance diplomatic relations with Israel on 23 October 1973.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> Diplomatic relations were resumed on 3 November 1989<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a></li> <li>Israel has an embassy in Addis Ababa.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a></li> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Ethiopian Jews in Israel">Ethiopian Jews in Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Moses" title="Operation Moses">Operation Moses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Solomon" title="Operation Solomon">Operation Solomon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">History of the Jews in Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090621131646/http://www.mfa.gov.et/Foreign_Policy_And_Relation/Bilateral.php">Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Israel</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>1930 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Ethiopia–Japan relations">Ethiopia–Japan relations</a> <ul><li>Japan and Ethiopia explored diplomatic and economic relations in the 1930s in response to perceived common interests; however these contacts lapsed with the commencement of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></li> <li>Relations were reestablished in 1955 and ambassadors exchanged in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td> <td> </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Malaysia relations">Ethiopia–Malaysia relations</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia has a consulate-general in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>,<a href="#cite_note-history-260">[260]</a> while Malaysia doesn't have any embassy in Ethiopia.</li> <li>Malaysia is one of the major trade partner and also one of the largest investors in Ethiopia.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td>28 December 1957</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 December 1957<a href="#cite_note-Ethiopia_Observer-69">[69]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>.</li> <li>Pakistan has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></td> <td>1989</td> <td> Palestine has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td> <td>7 February 1977</td> <td> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 February 1977. The Philippines and Ethiopia signed their first air agreement in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></td> <td>16 July 1995 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Ethiopia–Qatar relations">Ethiopia–Qatar relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 July 1995<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia abruptly broke diplomatic ties with Qatar in April 2008, apparently due to statements made by the <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Arabic" title="Al Jazeera Arabic">Al-Jazeera</a> news channel which is based in Qatar.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td>23 December 1963</td> <td> See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Ethiopia–South Korea relations">Ethiopia–South Korea relations</a> Between The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and The Republic of Korea were established diplomatic relations on 23 December 1963.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> <ul><li>Infantry men of 6,037 from Ethiopia have participated in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> to help South Korea.</li> <li>The number of South Koreans living in Ethiopia in 2016 were about 460.</li> <li>The Republic of Korea's official development assistance from 1991 to 2014 was about 88.61m USD. <ul><li>The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a></li> <li>Since 1965 South Korea has an embassy in Addis Ababa.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>1896<a href="#cite_note-mfa.gov.tr-269">[269]</a></td> <td>See also <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Ethiopia–Turkey relations">Ethiopia–Turkey relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mfa.gov.tr-269">[269]</a></li> <li>Turkey has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mfa.gov.tr-269">[269]</a></li> <li>Trade volume between the two countries was US$398.8 million in 2019 (Ethiopian exports/imports: 27.5/378.3 USD).<a href="#cite_note-mfa.gov.tr-269">[269]</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Europe">Europe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Europe">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:15%;">Country </th> <th style="width:12%;">Date </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td>23 July 1948 </td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1948<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-52">[52]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></td> <td>18 May 1994</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 May 1994<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> <ul><li>Belarus is accredited to Ethiopia from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.</li> <li>Ethiopia is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>25 March 1923 </td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 1923 when Consulate General of Belgium transformed into a Legation and the first Minister Plenipotentiary is Maxime Gerard <a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Croatia is accredited to Ethiopia from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.</li> <li>Ethiopia is accredited to Croatia from its embassy in Rome, Italy.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td> <td>11 February 1944 </td> <td>Czechoslovakia and Ethiopia established diplomatic relations on 11 February 1944. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) recognized the new Czech Republic as on January 1, 1993, and established diplomatic relations accordingly.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia is accredited to the Czech Republic from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.</li> <li>Czech Republic has an embassy in Addis Ababa.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td>21 February 1950 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Denmark–Ethiopia relations">Denmark–Ethiopia relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1950 when first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Denmark to Ethiopia (resident of Athens) Mr. Hubert Wichfeld presented his credentials.<a href="#cite_note-Udenrigsministeriets_kalender-57">[57]</a> 20 January 1967 both countries was raised their diplomatic missions to Embassy level<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> <ul><li>Denmark has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li> <li>Ethiopia is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td>17 July 1959 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Finland_relations" title="Ethiopia–Finland relations">Ethiopia–Finland relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 July 1959. <ul><li>Ethiopia is represented in Finland through its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.</li> <li>Finland has an embassy in Addis Ababa.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>20 March 1897</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93France_relations" title="Ethiopia–France relations">Ethiopia–France relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 March 1897<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.</li> <li>France has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>7 March 1905</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Ethiopia–Germany relations">Ethiopia–Germany relations</a> <ul><li>Both countries established diplomatic relations when signed a treaty of friendship on 7 March 1905;<a href="#cite_note-hsozkult.de-38">[38]</a> a German Legation was opened in Addis Ababa in 1907, and an Ethiopian embassy in Berlin the same year.</li> <li>Germany supported Ethiopia in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Abyssinian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Italo-Abyssinian War">Second Italo-Abyssinian War</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>.</li> <li>Germany has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Greece_relations" title="Ethiopia–Greece relations">Ethiopia–Greece relations</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia is accredited to Greece from its embassy in Rome, Italy.</li> <li>Greece has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td>1994</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="Ethiopia–Ireland relations">Ethiopia–Ireland relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1994<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia closed its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> in 2021.</li> <li>Since 1994, Ireland has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>24 June 1897 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Ethiopia–Italy relations">Ethiopia–Italy relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1897.<a href="#cite_note-Italia_:_Ministero_delle_Finanze-36">[36]</a> <ul><li>Italy was one of the first European countries to open diplomatic relations with Ethiopia.</li> <li>Both countries have fought two wars against each other: the <a href="/wiki/First_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="First Italo-Ethiopian War">First Italo-Ethiopian War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></li> <li>Total trade volume between two countries reached 455,928,352.26 Birr in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a></li> <li>Italy has an embassy in Addis Ababa.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a></li> <li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td></td> <td> <ul><li>Ethiopia is accredited to the Netherlands from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.</li> <li>the Netherlands has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>14 July 1945</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Ethiopia–Poland relations">Ethiopia–Poland relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 July 1945<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.</li> <li>Poland has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>2 July 1957 </td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 July 1957<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia is accredited to Romania from its Permanent Mission in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland.</li> <li>Romania has an embassy in Addis Ababa.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720153405/http://www.mfa.gov.et/Press_Section/publication.php?Pub_Page_Id=4217">Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about bilateral relations with Romania</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>21 April 1943 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Russia relations">Ethiopia–Russia relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 April 1943<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> <ul><li>Russia has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li> <li>Ethiopia has an <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Ethiopia_in_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy of Ethiopia in Moscow">embassy in Moscow</a>. The Ethiopian ambassador to Russia is also accredited to Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.</li> <li>The history of this relationship has its origins in the 19th century. Russia supplied the mountain guns the Ethiopian army used in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adwa" title="Battle of Adwa">Battle of Adwa</a>.</li> <li>More recently, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> was a major source of military and economic aid under the <a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Derg</a> and during the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" title="People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia">People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia</a>.</li> <li>See also <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bulatovich" title="Alexander Bulatovich">Alexander Bulatovich</a></li> <li>Relations are somewhat unsure owing to Russia's close ties with Ethiopia's neighboring rival, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>4 March 1952 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Serbia relations">Ethiopia–Serbia relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 March 1952<a href="#cite_note-Keesing's_Limited-63">[63]</a> <ul><li>Serbia has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li> <li>Ethiopia is accredited Serbia from its embassy in Rome, Italy.</li> <li>Ethiopia is a strong advocate for Serbia on the issue of <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>.</li> <li>The first vessel in the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Navy" title="Ethiopian Navy">Ethiopian Navy</a> was a gift from <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>.</li> <li>The Serbian embassy is the former villa of Yugoslav President <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>, which was given as a gift by <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a></li> <li>On 27 January 2012, after traveling to Addis Ababa in order to reaffirm Ethiopia's stance on Kosovo regarding Serbia, <a href="/wiki/Vuk_Jeremi%C4%87" title="Vuk Jeremić">Vuk Jeremić</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haile_Mariam" class="mw-redirect" title="Haile Mariam">Haile Mariam</a> signed a memorandum of understanding between the two nations' ministries of foreign affairs.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>27 April 1951 </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Ethiopia–Spain relations">Ethiopia–Spain relations</a> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1951<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris.</li> <li>Spain has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Ethiopia–Sweden relations">Ethiopia–Sweden relations</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>.</li> <li>Sweden has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>1 April 1993</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1993<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia is accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Moscow.</li> <li>Ukraine has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>1841</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ethiopia–United Kingdom relations">Ethiopia–United Kingdom relations</a> The UK established <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Foreign relations of the United Kingdom">diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom</a> in 1841.<a href="#cite_note-britain-34">[34]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia maintains an <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Ethiopia,_London" title="Embassy of Ethiopia, London">embassy</a> in London.</li> <li>The United Kingdom is accredited to Ethiopia through its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a></li></ul> The UK administered <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration_(Ethiopia)" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (Ethiopia)">Ethiopia</a> from 1941 to 1942. The UK continued to administered the regions of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Ethiopian_Agreement#British_Ogaden" title="Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement">Ogaden and Haud</a> from 1941, until both territories were relinquished to Ethiopia in 1948 and 1955 respectively.<a href="#cite_note-ShinnOfcansky2013-289">[289]</a> Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oceania">Oceania</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Oceania">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:15%;">Country </th> <th style="width:12%;">Formal Relations Began </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td>13 December 1965</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 December 1965 when accredited first Ambassador of Australia to Ethiopia Mr. W. R. Crocker<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> <ul><li>Australia has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li> <li>Ethiopia has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td>6 December 2011</td> <td>Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 2011<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> <ul><li>Ethiopia is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.</li> <li>New Zealand has an embassy in Addis Ababa.</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ministry of Foreign Affairs">edit</a>]</div> Foreign relations are upheld by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ethiopia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ethiopia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> with the ability and capacity to marshal strategic partners for the continent and the region; to play a central role in Ethiopia's growth into a democratic developmental state and in the achievement of peace and stability in the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Nations">United Nations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: United Nations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Ethiopia and the United Nations">Ethiopia and the United Nations</a></div> Ethiopia was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> on 28 September 1923, becoming one of few African countries to do so due to not colonized by European powers during the 19th century <a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a>. The League envisaged the membership for Ethiopia's "collective security" and protection against external attacks. The League however was unable to maintain Ethiopia's sovereignty as <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">Japan invaded Manchuria</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Italy invaded Ethiopia</a> in 1936.<a href="#cite_note-:3-293">[293]</a> After its resumption of independence after World War II, Ethiopia was one of the founding members of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. Since the 1950s, Ethiopia has keeping UN peacekeeping missions toward <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a> and some African states like Rwanda and Burundi in 1990s. Ethiopia has now over 80,000 peacekeeping forces that are active.<a href="#cite_note-:3-293">[293]</a> The UN delivers development and humanitarian plan in Ethiopia with 28 representatives of funds and specialized agencies in the UN Country Team (UNCT). Ethiopia is non-permanent member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">UN Security Council</a> which has close cooperation with the regional organizations the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development" title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development">Intergovernmental Authority on Development</a> (IGAD).<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European_Union">European Union</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: European Union">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ethiopia–European Union relations">Ethiopia–European Union relations</a></div> Ethiopia has strong relations to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> while the EU funding financed by the <a href="/wiki/European_Development_Fund" title="European Development Fund">European Development Fund</a> (EDF) with objectives of resilience. Their relations has been defined by <a href="/wiki/Cotonou_Agreement" title="Cotonou Agreement">Cotonou Agreement</a> article 8 to 13 with strong bilateral partners and dialogue regarding sustainable development on diverse aspect of the country. In addition, the EU is the second largest trade partner for Ethiopia with total expenditure of 4.1 billion euro; exports representing 12% while Ethiopia exports representing 26% of worldwide exports in 2016. This has been compared to <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (8%), <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> (14%) and <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> (13%).<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="African_Union">African Union</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: African Union">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93African_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopia–African Union relations">Ethiopia–African Union relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:50th_Anniversary_African_Union_Summit_in_Addis_Ababa,_Ethiopia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/50th_Anniversary_African_Union_Summit_in_Addis_Ababa%2C_Ethiopia.jpg/220px-50th_Anniversary_African_Union_Summit_in_Addis_Ababa%2C_Ethiopia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/50th_Anniversary_African_Union_Summit_in_Addis_Ababa%2C_Ethiopia.jpg/330px-50th_Anniversary_African_Union_Summit_in_Addis_Ababa%2C_Ethiopia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/50th_Anniversary_African_Union_Summit_in_Addis_Ababa%2C_Ethiopia.jpg/440px-50th_Anniversary_African_Union_Summit_in_Addis_Ababa%2C_Ethiopia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2601" data-file-height="1601" /></a><figcaption>50th anniversary of African Union Summit at <a href="/wiki/Africa_Hall" title="Africa Hall">Africa Hall</a> in Addis Ababa, 2013</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> is one of founding African states of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_African_Unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of African Unity">Organization of African Unity</a> (OAU) (now the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>) on 25 May 1963 under <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a>, headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>. At the time, the organization evolved up to 54 African states, except <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> The country is driving force of maintaining <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a>-AU peacekeeping missions, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a> region. The AU does not readily aggregate the preference of each member states. Therefore, every AU norms, institution and overlaps as consensus stated in the AU Constitution Act and its various decision and policy making, and implementation organs. As such, the AU offers for member states like Ethiopia to influence and impact on policy internally and regionally.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> Today, Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa is home of major organizations such as <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pan_African_Chamber_of_Commerce_and_Industry" title="Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry">Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Africa" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Africa">United Nations Economic Commission for Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/African_Standby_Force" title="African Standby Force">African Standby Force</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="BRICS">BRICS</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: BRICS">edit</a>]</div> In 2023, Ethiopia was invited to join <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> during the group's 15th Summit and became a member of the organisation in January 2024.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethiopian_diaspora" title="Category:Ethiopian diaspora">Category:Ethiopian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Ethiopia" title="Foreign aid to Ethiopia">Foreign aid to Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Ethiopia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Ethiopia">List of diplomatic missions in Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Ethiopia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Ethiopia">List of diplomatic missions of Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ethiopia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ethiopia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHenze2000" class="citation book cs1">Henze, Paul B. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ySgCTIplVQ8C&q=addis+ababa+history+zewditu">Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia</a>. Hurst & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-522-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-522-0"><bdi>978-1-85065-522-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Layers+of+Time%3A+A+History+of+Ethiopia&rft.pub=Hurst+%26+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-522-0&rft.aulast=Henze&rft.aufirst=Paul+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DySgCTIplVQ8C%26q%3Daddis%2Bababa%2Bhistory%2Bzewditu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenze200019-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenze200019_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHenze2000">Henze 2000</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenze200020-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenze200020_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHenze2000">Henze 2000</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.addisherald.com/3-6-foreign-relations/">"Foreign Relations – Addis Herald"</a>. Addis Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220404175707/https://www.addisherald.com/3-6-foreign-relations/#:~:text=Aksum%20had%20diplomatic%20and%20commercial,the%20purpose%20of%20their%20missions.">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2022. 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LIT Verlag Münster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-643-12658-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-643-12658-0"><bdi>978-3-643-12658-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+relations+with+Ethiopia%3A+human+and+diplomatic+history+%28from+its+origins+to+present%29&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag+M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-643-12658-0&rft.aulast=Prijac&rft.aufirst=Lukian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmPG4CgAAQBAJ%26q%3DForeign%2Brelations%2Bof%2BEthiopia%2Bhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHespeler-Boultbee2011" class="citation book cs1">Hespeler-Boultbee, John Jeremy (April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kEtLkfpSkvoC&q=Portuguese+and+ethiopia+diplomacy">A Story in Stones: Portugal's Influence on Culture and Architecture in the Highlands of Ethiopia 1493-1634</a>. CCB Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-926585-99-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-926585-99-4"><bdi>978-1-926585-99-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Story+in+Stones%3A+Portugal%27s+Influence+on+Culture+and+Architecture+in+the+Highlands+of+Ethiopia+1493-1634&rft.pub=CCB+Publishing&rft.date=2011-04&rft.isbn=978-1-926585-99-4&rft.aulast=Hespeler-Boultbee&rft.aufirst=John+Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkEtLkfpSkvoC%26q%3DPortuguese%2Band%2Bethiopia%2Bdiplomacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Mortimer, Ian (2007) The Fears of Henry IV, p. 111. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84413-529-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-84413-529-2">1-84413-529-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="#Beshah">Beshah</a>, pp. 13–14. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="#Beshah">Beshah</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewitt2004" class="citation book cs1">Newitt, Malyn (5 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HDODAgAAQBAJ">A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion 1400–1668</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134553044" title="Special:BookSources/9781134553044"><bdi>9781134553044</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Portuguese+Overseas+Expansion+1400%E2%80%931668&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004-11-05&rft.isbn=9781134553044&rft.aulast=Newitt&rft.aufirst=Malyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHDODAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.iscte-iul.pt/~mjsr/html/expo_jesuits/index.htm#:~:text=The%20Jesuits%20in%2016/17th,the%20Jesuit%20missionaries%20in%201633.">"Jesuits in Ethiopia"</a>. home.iscte-iul.pt. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=home.iscte-iul.pt&rft.atitle=Jesuits+in+Ethiopia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.iscte-iul.pt%2F~mjsr%2Fhtml%2Fexpo_jesuits%2Findex.htm%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520Jesuits%2520in%252016%2F17th%2Cthe%2520Jesuit%2520missionaries%2520in%25201633.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldridge2014" class="citation book cs1">Baldridge, Cates (10 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1-UASH0jE5cC&q=Portuguese+mission+to+ethiopia">Prisoners of Prester John: The Portuguese Mission to Ethiopia in Search of the Mythical King, 1520-1526</a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9019-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9019-6"><bdi>978-0-7864-9019-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prisoners+of+Prester+John%3A+The+Portuguese+Mission+to+Ethiopia+in+Search+of+the+Mythical+King%2C+1520-1526&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-9019-6&rft.aulast=Baldridge&rft.aufirst=Cates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1-UASH0jE5cC%26q%3DPortuguese%2Bmission%2Bto%2Bethiopia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethiopianadventuretours.com/about-ethiopia/ethiopian-history">"Ethiopian History Abyssinia | Learn About The Background"</a>. www.ethiopianadventuretours.com. 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(1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41965700">"A Background to Direct British Diplomatic Involvement in Ethiopia, 1894-1896"</a>. Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 1 (2): 121–132. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0304-2243">0304-2243</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41965700">41965700</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ethiopian+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Background+to+Direct+British+Diplomatic+Involvement+in+Ethiopia%2C+1894-1896&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=121-132&rft.date=1963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41965700%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0304-2243&rft.aulast=MARCUS&rft.aufirst=HAROLD+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41965700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-m12-16"><a href="#cite_ref-m12_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMockler2003" class="citation book cs1">Mockler, Anthony (2003). 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Northeast African Studies. 16 (1): 39–63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14321%2Fnortafristud.16.1.0039">10.14321/nortafristud.16.1.0039</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:156651118">156651118</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northeast+African+Studies&rft.atitle=%22Land+to+the+Tiller%22%3A+Unrealized+Agenda+of+the+Revolution&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=39-63&rft.date=2022-08-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14321%2Fnortafristud.16.1.0039&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A156651118%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Yemane-Ab&rft.aufirst=Abera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F622237%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenze2000312–-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenze2000312–_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHenze2000">Henze 2000</a>, pp. 312–. </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_arms_ban-20"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_arms_ban_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/750789.stm">"Will arms ban slow war?"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/un-hints-at-sanctions-if-eritrea-and-ethiopia-do-not-end-fighting-718960.html">the original</a> on 8 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=UN+hints+at+sanctions+if+Eritrea+and+Ethiopia+do+not+end+fighting&rft.date=2000-05-13&rft.aulast=Winfield&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fun-hints-at-sanctions-if-eritrea-and-ethiopia-do-not-end-fighting-718960.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/712992.stm">"Ethiopia rejects war criticism"</a>. 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Centre français des études éthiopiennes. pp. 3–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782821872295" title="Special:BookSources/9782821872295"><bdi>9782821872295</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Prologue+diplomatique&rft.btitle=France+%C3%89thiopie+-+Cent+ans+de+relations%3A+Prologue+diplomatique&rft.series=Bulletins+de+la+Maison+des+%C3%A9tudes+%C3%A9thiopiennes&rft.pages=3-7&rft.pub=Centre+fran%C3%A7ais+des+%C3%A9tudes+%C3%A9thiopiennes&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9782821872295&rft.aulast=Bureau&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fcfee%2F588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Italia_:_Ministero_delle_Finanze-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Italia_:_Ministero_delle_Finanze_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Italia_:_Ministero_delle_Finanze_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U46adFpzgAIC&dq=Trattato+di+amicizia+e+commercio+del+24+giugno+1897+Italia+e+Etiopia&pg=PA360">I trattati di commercio, dogana e navigazione fra l'Italia e gli altri stati in vigore al ...</a> (in Italian). Italia : Ministero delle Finanze. 1911. p. 360.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+trattati+di+commercio%2C+dogana+e+navigazione+fra+l%27Italia+e+gli+altri+stati+in+vigore+al+...&rft.pages=360&rft.pub=Italia+%3A+Ministero+delle+Finanze&rft.date=1911&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU46adFpzgAIC%26dq%3DTrattato%2Bdi%2Bamicizia%2Be%2Bcommercio%2Bdel%2B24%2Bgiugno%2B1897%2BItalia%2Be%2BEtiopia%26pg%3DPA360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/countries/all">"All Countries"</a>. Office of the Historian. 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Retrieved 18 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=regjeringen.no&rft.atitle=Norges+opprettelse+af+diplomatiske+forbindelser+med+fremmede+stater&rft.date=1999-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.regjeringen.no%2Fglobalassets%2Fdepartementene%2Fud%2Fvedlegg%2Fprotokoll%2Fdiplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bcn.cl/obtienearchivo?id=repositorio/10221/12006/1/91367_BCNINFORME_GRID_01-08-2011_JJ_AFRICA.doc">"Reseña histórica de la presencia chilena en África"</a> (in Spanish). p. 6. Retrieved 11 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rese%C3%B1a+hist%C3%B3rica+de+la+presencia+chilena+en+%C3%81frica&rft.pages=6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcn.cl%2Fobtienearchivo%3Fid%3Drepositorio%2F10221%2F12006%2F1%2F91367_BCNINFORME_GRID_01-08-2011_JJ_AFRICA.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Africa, January 1950-December 1950. University Publications of America. 1999. p. 333. <q>Ethiopia ... Sweden M. 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Lit. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783643126580" title="Special:BookSources/9783643126580"><bdi>9783643126580</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+relations+with+Ethiopia+human+and+diplomatic+history+%28from+its+origins+to+present%29&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Lit&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9783643126580&rft.au=Lukian+Prijac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmPG4CgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dconsulat%2Bg%25C3%25A9n%25C3%25A9ral%2Bde%2BBelgique%2Btransformee%2Ben%2BLegation%2B25%2Bmars%2B1923%2Bet%2Ble%2Bpremier%2BMinistre%2BPlenipotentiaire%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mzv.cz/addisababa/en/on_the_czech_republic_and_ethiopia/ethiopia/historical_contacts/index.html">"Historical contacts"</a>. Embassy of the Czech Republic in Addis Ababa. 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The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ethiopia. 21 December 2018. 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EFE Noticias. Retrieved 2 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EFE+Noticias&rft.atitle=Ethiopia+officially+joins+BRICS+group+of+emerging+economies&rft.date=2024-01-01&rft.aulast=EFE&rft.aufirst=Agencia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fefe.com%2Fen%2Flatest-news%2F2024-01-01%2Fethiopia-officially-joins-brics-group-of-emerging-economies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForeign+relations+of+Ethiopia" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Amare Tekle, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/161103">"The Determinants of the Foreign Policy of Revolutionary Ethiopia", Journal of Modern African Studies</a>, Vol. 27, No. 3 (Sep., 1989), pp. 479–502</li> <li>Orobola Fasehun, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40174065">"Nigeria and the Ethiopia-Somalia Conflict: A Case Study of Continuity in Nigerian Foreign Policy", Africa Spectrum</a>, 17 (1982), pp. 183–193</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060207195509/http://www.mfa.gov.et/index.php">Ministry of Foreign Affairs for Ethiopia's webpage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080731165125/http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=42906">A Tangled Political Landscape Raises Questions About African Ally of the U.S. by Michael Deibert, 12 June 2008</a></li> <li>Abdul Mohammed, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090525223949/http://hornofafrica.ssrc.org/Abdul_Mohammed/">"Ethiopia’s Strategic Dilemma in the Horn of Africa"</a>, Crisis in the Horn of Africa (Social Science Research Council website)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/1989/0504/areg.html">"U.S. to Test Soviet 'New Thinking': Talks on Africa," The Christian Science Monitor, 4 May 1989.</a></li></ul> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/copyright-and-contributors/">public domain 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia" title="Template:Foreign relations of Ethiopia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Ethiopia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Ethiopia"><abbr title="Edit this 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href="/wiki/Djibouti%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Djibouti–Ethiopia relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Egypt–Ethiopia relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Eritrea–Ethiopia relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Ethiopia–Kenya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="Ethiopia–Nigeria relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Somaliland_relations" title="Ethiopia–Somaliland relations">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Ethiopia–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="Ethiopia–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Ethiopia"><img alt="Emblem of Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg/70px-Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg/105px-Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg/140px-Emblem_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Brazil–Ethiopia relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Canada–Ethiopia relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Cuba–Ethiopia relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="Ethiopia–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ethiopia–United States relations">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Ethiopia relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="China–Ethiopia relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Ethiopia–India relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Indonesia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Ethiopia–Israel relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Ethiopia–Japan relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Ethiopia–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Ethiopia–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Ethiopia–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Denmark–Ethiopia relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Finland_relations" title="Ethiopia–Finland relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93France_relations" title="Ethiopia–France relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Ethiopia–Germany relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Greece_relations" title="Ethiopia–Greece relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="Ethiopia–Ireland relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Ethiopia–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Kosovo_relations" title="Ethiopia–Kosovo relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="Ethiopia–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Ethiopia–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Ethiopia–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Ethiopia–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ethiopia–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multilateral relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="African Union–Ethiopia relations">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ethiopia–United Kingdom relations">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomatic missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Ethiopia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Ethiopia">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Ethiopia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Ethiopia">in Ethiopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethiopia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethiopia_topics" title="Template:Ethiopia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethiopia_topics" title="Template talk:Ethiopia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethiopia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethiopia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethiopia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Ethiopia-related_articles" title="Index of Ethiopia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ethiopia" title="History of Ethiopia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Ethiopia" title="Prehistoric Ethiopia">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%CA%BFmt" title="Dʿmt">Kingdom of Dʿmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Kingdom of Aksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Wolaita" title="Kingdom of Wolaita">Kingdom of Wolaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Ethiopia" title="List of emperors of Ethiopia">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_lists_of_Ethiopia" title="Regnal lists of Ethiopia">regnal lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_dynasty" title="Solomonic dynasty">Solomonic dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagwe_dynasty" title="Zagwe dynasty">Zagwe dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaffa" title="Kingdom of Kaffa">Kingdom of Kaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian%E2%80%93Adal_War" title="Ethiopian–Adal War">Ethiopian–Adal War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondarine_period" title="Gondarine period">Gondarine period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemene_Mesafint" title="Zemene Mesafint">Zemene Mesafint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelik%27s_Expansions" class="mw-redirect" title="Menelik's Expansions">Menelik's Expansions</a></li> <li>Italo-Ethiopian wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Ethiopian_War_of_1887%E2%80%931889" title="Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889">1887–89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="First Italo-Ethiopian War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia_in_World_War_I" title="Ethiopia in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Revolution" title="Ethiopian Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Ethiopian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Ethiopian coup d'état">1974 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Derg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" title="History of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia">Federal Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">Eritrean–Ethiopian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_border_conflict" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict">Border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Eritrea%E2%80%93Ethiopia_summit" title="2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit">2018 peace summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">War in Somalia (2006–09)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Civil conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_historiography" title="Ethiopian historiography">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Ethiopia" title="Territorial evolution of Ethiopia">Territorial evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ethiopia" title="Geography of Ethiopia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Ethiopia" title="Geology of Ethiopia">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Ethiopia" title="List of mountains in Ethiopia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ethiopia" title="List of rivers of Ethiopia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Ethiopia" title="List of lakes of Ethiopia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Ethiopia" title="List of volcanoes in Ethiopia">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Ethiopia" title="List of earthquakes in Ethiopia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Ethiopia" title="Category:Flora of Ethiopia">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Ethiopia" title="Wildlife of Ethiopia">Fauna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Ethiopia" title="Subdivisions of Ethiopia">Administrative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Ethiopia" title="Regions of Ethiopia">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Regions_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of governors of the Regions of Ethiopia">Governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zones_of_Ethiopia" title="List of zones of Ethiopia">Zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Ethiopia" title="Districts of Ethiopia">Woredas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Ethiopia">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wards_of_Ethiopia" title="Wards of Ethiopia">Kebele</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ethiopia" title="Politics of Ethiopia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995_Constitution_of_Ethiopia" title="1995 Constitution of Ethiopia">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_Ethiopia" title="Constitutions of Ethiopia">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ethiopia" title="Government of Ethiopia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ethiopia" title="President of Ethiopia">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Ethiopia" title="List of presidents of Ethiopia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Ethiopia" title="List of heads of government of Ethiopia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Ethiopia)" title="Council of Ministers (Ethiopia)">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ethiopia" title="List of political parties in Ethiopia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ethiopia" title="Elections in Ethiopia">Elections</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Ethiopia" title="Foreign aid to Ethiopia">Foreign aid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Ethiopia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">National Defense Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Ground_Forces" title="Ethiopian Ground Forces">Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Air_Force" title="Ethiopian Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Ethiopia" title="Military history of Ethiopia">Military history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Ethiopian_Empire" title="Army of the Ethiopian Empire">Army of the Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Navy" title="Ethiopian Navy">Navy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ethiopia" title="Economy of Ethiopia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Ethiopia" title="Agriculture in Ethiopia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Ethiopia" title="List of banks in Ethiopia">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_birr" title="Ethiopian birr">Birr (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Ethiopia" title="List of companies of Ethiopia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Ethiopia" title="Energy in Ethiopia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Ethiopia" title="Foreign aid to Ethiopia">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_development_policy_of_Ethiopia" title="Industrial development policy of Ethiopia">Industrial development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform_in_Ethiopia" title="Land reform in Ethiopia">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Ethiopia" title="Manufacturing in Ethiopia">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Ethiopia" title="Taxation in Ethiopia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ethiopia" title="Telecommunications in Ethiopia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ethiopia" title="Tourism in Ethiopia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Ethiopia" title="Trade unions in Ethiopia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ethiopia" title="Transport in Ethiopia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Ethiopia" title="Category:Society of Ethiopia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Ethiopia" title="Architecture of Ethiopia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_Ethiopia" title="Child marriage in Ethiopia">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Ethiopia" title="Demographics of Ethiopia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ethiopia" title="Education in Ethiopia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Ethiopia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famines_in_Ethiopia" title="Famines in Ethiopia">Famines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ethiopia" title="Flag of Ethiopia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Ethiopia" title="Health in Ethiopia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Ethiopia" title="Healthcare in Ethiopia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_health_in_Ethiopia" title="Maternal health in Ethiopia">Maternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health_in_Ethiopia" title="Women's health in Ethiopia">Women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ethiopia" title="Human rights in Ethiopia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Ethiopia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Ethiopia" title="Human trafficking in Ethiopia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ethiopia" title="Languages of Ethiopia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Ethiopia" title="Law enforcement in Ethiopia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopians" title="Ethiopians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Ethiopia" title="Polygamy in Ethiopia">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Ethiopia" title="Public holidays in Ethiopia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Ethiopia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia">Water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ethiopia" title="Women in Ethiopia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ethiopia" title="Culture of Ethiopia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_art" title="Ethiopian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wine" title="Ethiopian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_literature" title="Ethiopian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Ethiopia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ethiopia" title="Music of Ethiopia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ethiopia" title="Religion in Ethiopia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Ethiopia" title="Sport in Ethiopia">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Ethiopia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Ethiopia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Ethiopia" title="Outline of Ethiopia">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Ethiopia-related_articles" title="Index of Ethiopia-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethiopia" title="Category:Ethiopia">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_relations_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_relations_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Foreign relations of Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Algeria" title="Foreign relations of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Angola" title="Foreign relations of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Benin" title="Foreign relations of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Botswana" title="Foreign relations of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Foreign relations of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Burundi" title="Foreign relations of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cameroon" title="Foreign relations of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cape_Verde" title="Foreign relations of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Foreign relations of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Chad" title="Foreign relations of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Comoros" title="Foreign relations of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Foreign relations of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Djibouti" title="Foreign relations of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Egypt" title="Foreign relations of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Foreign relations of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Eritrea" title="Foreign relations of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Eswatini" title="Foreign relations of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Gabon" title="Foreign relations of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Gambia" title="Foreign relations of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ghana" title="Foreign relations of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Guinea" title="Foreign relations of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Foreign relations of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Foreign relations of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kenya" title="Foreign relations of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lesotho" title="Foreign relations of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Liberia" title="Foreign relations of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Libya" title="Foreign relations of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Madagascar" title="Foreign relations of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malawi" title="Foreign relations of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mali" title="Foreign relations of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mauritania" title="Foreign relations of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mauritius" title="Foreign relations of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Morocco" title="Foreign relations of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mozambique" title="Foreign relations of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Namibia" title="Foreign relations of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Niger" title="Foreign relations of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nigeria" title="Foreign relations of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Rwanda" title="Foreign relations of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Foreign relations of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Senegal" title="Foreign relations of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Seychelles" title="Foreign relations of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Foreign relations of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Somalia" title="Foreign relations of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Africa" title="Foreign relations of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Sudan" title="Foreign relations of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sudan" title="Foreign relations of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tanzania" title="Foreign relations of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Togo" title="Foreign relations of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tunisia" title="Foreign relations of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Uganda" title="Foreign relations of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Zambia" title="Foreign relations of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Zimbabwe" title="Foreign relations of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Somaliland" title="Foreign relations of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Canary_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Ceuta">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Melilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Melilla">Melilla</a>  (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Madeira">Madeira</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mayotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Réunion">Réunion</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&oldid=1257360511">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia&oldid=1257360511</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia" title="Category:Foreign relations of Ethiopia">Foreign relations of Ethiopia</a></li></ul></div><div 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