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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chechen_wars_and_the_interwar_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chechen_wars_and_the_interwar_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Chechen wars and the interwar period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chechen_wars_and_the_interwar_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_exile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_exile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>In exile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_exile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Increased_activism_amid_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Increased_activism_amid_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Increased activism amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Increased_activism_amid_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invitations_to_return_to_Chechnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invitations_to_return_to_Chechnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Invitations to return to Chechnya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invitations_to_return_to_Chechnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Akhmed Zakayev</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%81" title="أحمد زكاييف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أحمد زكاييف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%9E" title="Ахмед Закаеў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ахмед Закаеў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Zakajev" title="Ahmed Zakajev – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ahmed Zakajev" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhmed_Sakajev" title="Akhmed Sakajev – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Akhmed Sakajev" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achmed_Chalidowitsch_Sakajew" title="Achmed Chalidowitsch Sakajew – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Achmed Chalidowitsch Sakajew" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Zakajev" title="Ahmad Zakajev – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ahmad Zakajev" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81" title="احمد زاکایف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="احمد زاکایف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhmed_Zaka%C3%AFev" title="Akhmed Zakaïev – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Akhmed Zakaïev" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhmed_Zakayev" title="Akhmed Zakayev – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Akhmed Zakayev" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93_%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ახმედ ზაკაევი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ახმედ ზაკაევი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmeds_Zakajevs" title="Ahmeds Zakajevs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ahmeds Zakajevs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achmed_Zakajev" title="Achmed Zakajev – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Achmed Zakajev" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Закаев, Ахьмад Халидович – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Закаев, Ахьмад Халидович" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achmied_Zakajew" title="Achmied Zakajew – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Achmied Zakajew" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhmed_Zakayev" title="Akhmed Zakayev – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Akhmed Zakayev" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Закаев, Ахмед Халидович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Закаев, Ахмед Халидович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Zakajev" title="Ahmed Zakajev – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ahmed Zakajev" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhmed_Sakajev" title="Akhmed Sakajev – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Akhmed Sakajev" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Zakayev" title="Ahmed Zakayev – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ahmed Zakayev" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%94%D0%B2" title="Ахмед Закаєв – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ахмед Закаєв" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhmed_Zakayev" title="Akhmed Zakayev – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Akhmed Zakayev" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E9%82%81%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%89%8E%E5%8D%A1%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB" title="艾哈邁德·扎卡耶夫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艾哈邁德·扎卡耶夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q340556#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of Ichkeria</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is <i> Halidovich</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i> Zakayev</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Akhmed Zakayev</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ce"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Заки Ахьмад</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Akhmed_Zakayev_(2018).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Akhmed_Zakayev_%282018%29.jpg/220px-Akhmed_Zakayev_%282018%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Akhmed_Zakayev_%282018%29.jpg/330px-Akhmed_Zakayev_%282018%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Akhmed_Zakayev_%282018%29.jpg/440px-Akhmed_Zakayev_%282018%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Zakayev in 2018</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Prime Minister of the <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a>'s government-in-exile<sup id="cite_ref-caucasuswatch_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caucasuswatch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />25 November 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dokka_Umarov" title="Dokka Umarov">Dokka Umarov</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Prime Minister">Deputy Prime Minister</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1997 – 6 February 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister">Foreign Minister</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1997 – 29 July 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aslan_Maskhadov" title="Aslan Maskhadov">Aslan Maskhadov</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture Minister">Culture Minister</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1994 – 20 November 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dzhokhar_Dudayev" title="Dzhokhar Dudayev">Dzhokhar Dudayev</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Akhmed Khalidovich Zakayev</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1959-04-26</span>) </span>26 April 1959<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 65)</span><br />Kirovskiy, <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakh SSR">Kazakh SSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <small>(now <a href="/wiki/Almaty_Region" title="Almaty Region">Almaty Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data">Ichkerian (1991–2000)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Rosa Zakayeva</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Voronezh State Academy of Arts</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General">Brigadier General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Akhmed Halidovich Zakayev</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chechen_language" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a>: <span lang="ce">Заки Хьалид кӏант Ахьмад</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Chechen-language romanization"><i lang="ce-Latn">Zaki Ẋalid Khant Aẋmad</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Ахмед Халидович Закаев, Akhmed Khalidovich Zakayev</span>; born 26 April 1959) is a Chechen statesman, political and military figure of the unrecognised <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a> (ChRI). Having previously been a <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Prime Minister">Deputy Prime Minister</a>, he now serves as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a> of the ChRI <a href="/wiki/Government-in-exile" title="Government-in-exile">government-in-exile</a>. He was also the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister">Foreign Minister</a> of the Ichkerian government, appointed by <a href="/wiki/Aslan_Maskhadov" title="Aslan Maskhadov">Aslan Maskhadov</a> shortly after his 1997 election, and again in 2006 by <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Sadulayev" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Halim Sadulayev">Abdul Halim Sadulayev</a>. An active participant in the Russian-Chechen wars, Zakayev took part in the battles for <a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a> and the defense of Goyskoye, along with other military operations, as well as in high-level negotiations with the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> side.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, Russia accused him, by then in exile, of having been involved in a series of crimes including involvement in acts of <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_2002_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_2002-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_accused_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_accused-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, judge <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Workman" title="Timothy Workman">Timothy Workman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bow_Street_Magistrates%27_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow Street Magistrates' Court">Bow Street Magistrates' Court</a> in central London rejected the <a href="/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">extradition</a> request due to lack of evidence and declared the accusations to be politically motivated, also saying that there was substantial risk of Zakayev being <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">tortured</a> if he was returned to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2003_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2003-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022</a>, Zakayev has announced formation of the <a href="/wiki/Separate_Special_Purpose_Battalion" title="Separate Special Purpose Battalion">Separate Special Purpose Battalion</a> of the Chechen Armed Forces, functioning as a <a href="/wiki/Chechen_volunteers_on_the_side_of_Ukraine" title="Chechen volunteers on the side of Ukraine">Chechen volunteer battalion</a> fighting with the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akhmed_Zakayev&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akhmed_Zakayev&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Akhmed Zakayev was born in the settlement of Kirovskiy, Kirovskiy Raion (today called <a href="/wiki/Balpyk_Bi" title="Balpyk Bi">Balpyk Bi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koksu_District" title="Koksu District">Koksu District</a>), in the <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Kazakh SSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, which is now in <a href="/wiki/Almaty_Region" title="Almaty Region">Almaty Region</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>; his family was deported by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin</a>'s regime along with the rest of the Chechens in 1944. Akhmed is from the <a href="/wiki/Teip" title="Teip">teip</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinkhoy" title="Chinkhoy">Chinkhoy</a>. He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Acting" title="Acting">acting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Choreography" title="Choreography">choreography</a> schools in <a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a> and Moscow and worked as an actor at a theatre in the Chechen capital <a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a>, specializing in <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespearean</a> roles. From 1991, he was the chairman of the Chechen Union of the Theatrical Actors. In 1994, Zakayev became a <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Culture">Minister of Culture</a> in the Chechen separatist government of <a href="/wiki/Dzhokhar_Dudayev" title="Dzhokhar Dudayev">Dzhokhar Dudayev</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chechen_wars_and_the_interwar_period">Chechen wars and the interwar period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akhmed_Zakayev&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chechen wars and the interwar period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Russian forces entered Chechnya, starting the <a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a>, Zakayev left his job and took up arms. Serving at first as a minor commander in the unit of <a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Gelayev" title="Ruslan Gelayev">Ruslan Gelayev</a>, he took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grozny_(1994%E2%80%931995)" title="Battle of Grozny (1994–1995)">1995 battle of Grozny</a> and then led the defence of the village of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goyskoye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goyskoye (page does not exist)">Goyskoye</a>. After this the armed group under his command operated in the south-west part of Chechnya with its headquarters in the town of <a href="/wiki/Urus-Martan" title="Urus-Martan">Urus-Martan</a>. He was eventually promoted to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general" title="Brigadier general">brigadier general</a> and appointed commander of the <a href="/wiki/Urus-Martanovsky_District" title="Urus-Martanovsky District">Urus-Martan Front</a>. In February 1996, Zakayev became commander of the entire Western Group of Defense of Ichkeria. In August 1996, his forces took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grozny_(August_1996)" title="Battle of Grozny (August 1996)">decisive raid on Grozny</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he personally led the attack on the city's central <a href="/wiki/Railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway station">railway station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zakayev's war service paved his way to Chechen high politics. He became the <a href="/wiki/Acting_president" title="Acting president">acting president</a> <a href="/wiki/Zelimkhan_Yandarbiyev" title="Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev">Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev</a>'s advisor for the security matters and the secretary of the Chechen <a href="/wiki/Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Security Council">Security Council</a> and represented Chechnya at the <a href="/wiki/Khasav-Yurt_Accord" class="mw-redirect" title="Khasav-Yurt Accord">peace talks in Khasav-Yurt</a>, which brought a peaceful end to the first armed conflict between Moscow and Grozny. </p><p>After the war, Zakayev became Chechen <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Prime Minister">Deputy Prime Minister</a> (in charge of education and culture) and a special envoy of elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ichkeria" title="President of Ichkeria">President of Ichkeria</a> <a href="/wiki/Aslan_Maskhadov" title="Aslan Maskhadov">Aslan Maskhadov</a> for relations with Moscow, taking part in the delegation that signed the official Chechen-Russian peace treaty at <a href="/wiki/The_Kremlin" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kremlin">the Kremlin</a> in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the interwar period, he opposed the rise of radical Islam in Chechnya and co-authored a book entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a> – the Kremlin's remedy against national liberation movements</i>, alleging an association between <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist</a> extremism and Soviet global "pro-terrorist" policy and support for dictatorships in the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a>. During the early phases of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a> in 1999–2000, Zakayev commanded Maskhadov's presidential guard; he was also involved in negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> representatives before and during the resumed hostilities. In 2000, having been wounded in a car accident during <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grozny_(1999%E2%80%932000)" title="Battle of Grozny (1999–2000)">the new siege of Grozny</a>, he left Chechnya for treatment. After this he stayed abroad and became President Maskhadov's most prominent representative in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Akhmadov" title="Ilyas Akhmadov">Ilyas Akhmadov</a> was the Chechen emissary to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_exile">In exile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akhmed_Zakayev&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In exile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since January 2002, Zakayev and his immediate family have been residing permanently in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. On 18 November 2001, Zakayev, officially internationally wanted by Russia, flew from <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Sheremetyevo_International_Airport" title="Sheremetyevo International Airport">Sheremetyevo International Airport</a> near <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> to meet the Kremlin's envoy, General <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Kazantsev" title="Viktor Kazantsev">Viktor Kazantsev</a> for the high-level talks since the start of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These negotiations were fruitless because Kazantsev demanded a complete <a href="/wiki/Capitulation_(surrender)" title="Capitulation (surrender)">capitulation</a> of the Chechen side, with the only acceptable topic for the Russian side being the disarmament of Chechen separatists and their re-integration into civilian life.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 July 2002, Zakayev also met with the former secretary of <a href="/wiki/Security_Council_of_Russia" title="Security Council of Russia">Security Council of Russia</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Rybkin" title="Ivan Rybkin">Ivan Rybkin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2002, Zakayev organized the <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Chechen_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Chechen Congress (page does not exist)">World Chechen Congress</a> in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (which was attended among others by the former first speaker of the <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Khasbulatov" title="Ruslan Khasbulatov">Ruslan Khasbulatov</a>). During the congress, Zakayev was accused by <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> of involvement in planning of the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_theater_hostage_crisis" title="Moscow theater hostage crisis">Moscow theater hostage crisis</a>. He was detained there on 30 October 2002, under an <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a> warrant filed by Russia, which named him a suspect in the theater siege.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dissident_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dissident-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zakayev denied involvement in the theater capture. He was held in Denmark for five weeks and then released due to lack of <a href="/wiki/Evidence" title="Evidence">evidence</a>, as Russia's formal <a href="/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">extradition</a> request did not include any evidence linking him to the siege.<sup id="cite_ref-dissident_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dissident-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 December 2002, Zakayev returned to the UK but the British authorities arrested him briefly at <a href="/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Heathrow Airport">London Heathrow Airport</a>; he was released on 50,000 <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">GBP</a> <a href="/wiki/Bail" title="Bail">bail</a>, which was paid by British actress <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a>, his friend who had travelled with him from Denmark. He was accused by Russian authorities of 13 criminal acts.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_accused_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_accused-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zakayev welcomed the British <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">deportation</a> hearings as an opportunity to put his case before an international public.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All accusations were proven to be false.<sup id="cite_ref-dissident_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dissident-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One accusation, cutting fingers of a suspected FSB informer Ivan Solovyov, was based on a written testimony by Zakayev's former bodyguard, Duk-Vakha Dushuyev, provided by Russian authorities; however, it appeared that Solovyev had lost his fingers much earlier to <a href="/wiki/Frostbite" title="Frostbite">frostbite</a>. Dushuyev himself has escaped from Russia and then in his statement claimed that he was tortured at a Russian army base with <a href="/wiki/Electric_shock_torture" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric shock torture">electric shocks</a> to extort the <a href="/wiki/False_testimony" class="mw-redirect" title="False testimony">false testimony</a> to be used against Zakayev.<sup id="cite_ref-dissident_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dissident-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another accusation, Father Sergei, one of two <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> priests allegedly murdered by Zakayev, turned out to be in fact still alive. The witness <a href="/wiki/Reverend" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverend">Reverend</a> Filipp, allegedly kidnapped by Zakayev in 1996, also refuted his supposed testimony and even denounced Russian authorities for "implicating the Church in politics". Leading Russian <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> activist <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Kovalev" title="Sergei Kovalev">Sergei Kovalev</a> told the court Zakayev would be at risk of death in Russian captivity (Kovalev spoke about two high-profile Chechen prisoners, field commanders <a href="/wiki/Salman_Raduyev" title="Salman Raduyev">Salman Raduyev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turpal-Ali_Atgeriyev" title="Turpal-Ali Atgeriyev">Turpal-Ali Atgeriyev</a>, who died soon after being jailed in Russia, and of another, parliamentary speaker <a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Alikhadzhiyev" title="Ruslan Alikhadzhiyev">Ruslan Alikhadzhiyev</a>, who has "disappeared" without trace after his arrest in 2000).<sup id="cite_ref-mrY_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mrY-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Goldfarb_(microbiologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Goldfarb (microbiologist)">Alexander Goldfarb</a>, one of the defence's most important arguments was the 2001 meeting between Zakayev and General Kazantsev, since this meeting took place when the Chechen envoy had already been put by Russia on the international wanted list. At the time of the meeting Kremlin's <a href="/wiki/Spokesman" class="mw-redirect" title="Spokesman">spokesman</a> on Chechnya <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Yastrzhembsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Yastrzhembsky">Sergei Yastrzhembsky</a> said on television that Russian government had no grievances against Zakayev.<sup id="cite_ref-mrY_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mrY-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, on 13 November 2003, <a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">Judge</a> <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Workman" title="Timothy Workman">Timothy Workman</a> rejected the Russian request, deciding that it was politically motivated and that Zakayev would be at risk of <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> in the case of "unjust and oppressive" extradition.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2003_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2003-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The judge also said the crimes which involved Zakayev allegedly using armed force against combatants were not extraditable because they took place in the situation of <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">internal armed conflict</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian authorities in turn responded by accusing the court of double standards.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 November 2003, it was announced that Zakayev had been granted political asylum in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After receiving <a href="/wiki/Political_asylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Political asylum">political asylum</a> in Britain in 2003, Zakayev made <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> his permanent residence, and he visited several countries (including <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>) without being arrested. During the September 2004 <a href="/wiki/Beslan_school_hostage_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Beslan school hostage crisis">Beslan school hostage crisis</a>, Zakayev consented to the request of the civilian negotiators and authorities of <a href="/wiki/North_Ossetia%E2%80%93Alania" title="North Ossetia–Alania">North Ossetia–Alania</a> to fly to Russia to negotiate with the hostage takers. However, the siege ended in bloody confusion just a few hours before this could happen.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an envoy of Maskhadov, he also met in London with the representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Committees_of_Soldiers%27_Mothers_of_Russia" title="Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia">Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia</a> in February 2005, where they agreed on a peace proposal centred around a gradual cessation of violence by rebels corresponding with the three-week ceasefire unilaterally declared by Maskhadov (who once again called for <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> to negotiate). These efforts were ignored by the Russian government and Maskhadov himself was soon killed in Chechnya. </p><p>On 31 October 2007, Zakayev officially distanced himself from the newly resigned Chechen separatist leader <a href="/wiki/Doku_Umarov" class="mw-redirect" title="Doku Umarov">Doku Umarov</a> and the Chechen Islamist <a href="/wiki/Ideologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ideologist">ideologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Movladi_Udugov" title="Movladi Udugov">Movladi Udugov</a>, who together had declared the creation of <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Emirate" title="Caucasus Emirate">Caucasus Emirate</a> in the place of abolished ChRI. In response, Zakayev called for the remnants of the separatist parliament to form the new government and salvage legitimacy.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, on 20 November 2007, Zakayev submitted his resignation from the post of foreign minister, but said this should not be viewed as a departure from "the fight for our independence, our freedom, and for the recognition of our state".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He subsequently assumed the position of prime minister of the exile government.<sup id="cite_ref-caucasuswatch_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caucasuswatch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2008, Ramzan Kadyrov said he was now trying to persuade Chechens refugees and exiles to return, including Akhmed Zakayev, whom Kadyrov described as "a valuable artist who would be welcome to return to help revive Chechnya's <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">cultural heritage</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zakayev and <a href="/wiki/Alla_Dudayeva" title="Alla Dudayeva">Alla Dudayeva</a>, the widow of the first Chechen President Dzhokhar Dudayev, accused Udugov of being a paid <a href="/wiki/Agent_provocateur" title="Agent provocateur">agent provocateur</a> for the Russia's <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Security Service (Russia)">FSB</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In London, Zakayev became friends with the Russian dissident and former FSB officer <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko" title="Alexander Litvinenko">Alexander Litvinenko</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Litvinenko poisoning">murdered by radioactive poisoning</a> in November 2006;<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zakayev accused the Russian President Putin of ordering the death of Litvinenko. In 2007, British police warned Zakayev that there was an increased threat to his personal security shortly before the alleged attempt to kill Berezovsky by the FSB-connected Chechen gangster <a href="/w/index.php?title=Movladi_Atlangeriyev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movladi Atlangeriyev (page does not exist)">Movladi Atlangeriyev</a> (or "Mr A").<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> <a href="/wiki/Defection" title="Defection">defector</a> <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Gordievsky" title="Oleg Gordievsky">Oleg Gordievsky</a> in 2008, Zakayev was placed #2 on the FSB <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">assassination</a> list, between Berezovsky and Litvinenko.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In January 2008, Zakayev's name showed up on the purported hit list of Ramzan Kadyrov's enemies abroad to be killed, which was published on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> following the murder of the Chechen dissident <a href="/wiki/Umar_Israilov" title="Umar Israilov">Umar Israilov</a> (a former bodyguard of Kadyrov who was shot dead after receiving asylum in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zakayev was arrested by the Polish police during his visit to Poland on 17 September 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was released the same day. </p><p>In 2021, Zakayev expressed his condolences to the friends and relatives of the killed head of "<a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province" title="Islamic State – Caucasus Province">Islamic State – Caucasus Province</a>", <a href="/wiki/Rustam_Asildarov" title="Rustam Asildarov">Rustam Asildarov</a>, calling him and his followers "best of the best representatives of our people", a statement that met criticism from Ramzan Kadyrov.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2021, Zakayev released a statement on behalf of the Chechen government-in-exile regarding the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">Fall of Kabul</a> and the conquest of Afghanistan by the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>. According to researcher Aslan Doukaev, the statement was "cautious", as it voiced concerns over "possible violations of fundamental human rights" and urged the Taliban to not abuse their power, pointing out that <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> had also behaved mercifully upon <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Mecca" title="Conquest of Mecca">conquering Mecca</a>. Doukaev contrasted Zakayev's wording with much more enthusiastic comments made by Islamist Chechen separatists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoukaev2021_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoukaev2021-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Increased_activism_amid_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine">Increased activism amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akhmed_Zakayev&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Increased activism amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2022, Russia launched a <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">full invasion of Ukraine</a>. At this point, several anti-Kadyrov Chechen militant groups like the <a href="/wiki/Dzhokhar_Dudayev_Battalion" title="Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion">Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mansur_Battalion" title="Sheikh Mansur Battalion">Sheikh Mansur Battalion</a> were already fighting for Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-theglobeandmail_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theglobeandmail-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2022, Zakayev travelled to Kyiv and met with Ukrainian officials for "confidential" talks.<sup id="cite_ref-caucasuswatch_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caucasuswatch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the creation of the "<a href="/wiki/Separate_Special_Purpose_Battalion" title="Separate Special Purpose Battalion">Separate Special Purpose Battalion</a> of the Chechen Republic's Armed Forces" was announced by Zakayev; this unit officially styled itself as continuation of Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. A fourth separatist unit, called "Khamzat Gelayev Joint Task Detachment" was also founded. As the Russo-Ukrainian War continued to escalate, the pro-Ukrainian Chechen separatists increasingly framed the war as a chance to restore the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 October 2022, <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Ukraine's parliament</a> recognized the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria as "temporarily occupied" state.<sup id="cite_ref-yahoo_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zakayev had lobbied in support of this resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2023, the "Congress of the Peoples of the North Caucasus" (a political alliance of various northern Caucasus separatist groups) appointed Zakayev the head of its Defense Commission alongside Akhmad Akhmedov, Sheikh Mansur Battalion deputy commander. The Congress aims at coordinating the different separatist exiles to unite their efforts against Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoukaev2023_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoukaev2023-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invitations_to_return_to_Chechnya">Invitations to return to Chechnya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akhmed_Zakayev&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Invitations to return to Chechnya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 11 February 2009, <a href="/wiki/Ramzan_Kadyrov" title="Ramzan Kadyrov">Ramzan Kadyrov</a> said he personally invited Zakayev to return to Chechnya if he does not want to be "used by special services and other forces against Russia". At the same time, Russia's ambassador in London, said Britain had turned into a "sanctuary" for Russia's <a href="/wiki/Fugitives" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugitives">fugitives</a>, including Zakayev, still-wanted on terrorism charges.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview for <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a>, Zakayev claimed to rebuff the Chechen president's reported offer and said that Kadyrov was only following the Kremlin's orders;<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he also reinstates this stance two days later in the interview for the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Russian_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Russian Service">BBC Russian Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kadyrov has said that "He [Zakayev] is the only man on the part of Ichkeria who I would like to bring back home. I do not know what the competent bodies think, but I believe he did not commit serious crimes."<sup id="cite_ref-interfax_kadyrov_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interfax_kadyrov-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Kavkaz_Center" title="Kavkaz Center">Kavkaz Center</a>, Zakayev, who may be granted amnesty, stated his readiness to return and "contribute to a long-term peace in the region" in an interview for <a href="/wiki/Ekho_Moskvy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekho Moskvy">Ekho Moskvy</a> on the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kavkaz Center – which supported Umarov – has called Zakayev "the head of a telephone government", referring to the fact that Zakayev has little influence on the insurgents on the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 August 2009, in a controversial move, he was reportedly dismissed as prime minister by the Chairman of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria parliament in exile, as he "transgressed his mandate and recognized the legitimacy of the Kremlin’s <a href="/wiki/Puppet_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Puppet regime">puppet regime</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and shortly afterwards, he was <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">sentenced to death</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a> Court of the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Emirate" title="Caucasus Emirate">Caucasus Emirate</a>, because he "professes democratic religion, propagates secularism, and prefers the laws established by men to the Shari'a law of Almighty and Great <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akhmed_Zakayev&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Subjugate or exterminate! : a memoir of Russia's wars against Chechnya</i>, Academica Press, 2018, 511 p.</li> <li><i>Russia, Chechnya, and the West, 2000–2006 : the emboldening of Putin</i>, Academica Press, 2022, 512 p.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akhmed_Zakayev&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chechenpress" title="Chechenpress">Chechenpress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lopota_incident" title="Lopota incident">Lopota incident</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akhmed_Zakayev&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-caucasuswatch-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-caucasuswatch_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-caucasuswatch_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-caucasuswatch_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caucasuswatch.de/news/5435.html">"Leader of unrecognised Ichkeria met with officials in Ukraine"</a>. <i>Caucasus Watch</i>. 30 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caucasus+Watch&rft.atitle=Leader+of+unrecognised+Ichkeria+met+with+officials+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaucasuswatch.de%2Fnews%2F5435.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkhmed+Zakayev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theliberal.co.uk/issue_10/politics/zakayev_bennett_10.html">Chechyna’s Theatre of War: Akhmed Zakayev – actor, politician and former resistance fighter – talks to Vanora Bennett</a>  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723161345/http://www.theliberal.co.uk/issue_10/politics/zakayev_bennett_10.html">Archived</a> 23 July 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Liberal" title="The Liberal">The Liberal</a></i>, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_2002-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_2002_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2548939.stm">UK actress defends Chechen rebel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090112070024/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2548939.stm">Archived</a> 12 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 6 December 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_accused-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_accused_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_accused_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2975682.stm">Chechen accused of terror acts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040608160955/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2975682.stm">Archived</a> 8 June 2004 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 9 June 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.watchdog.cz/?show=000000-000004-000003-000095&lang=1">The Zakayev Case: Cui Bono?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501193321/http://www.watchdog.cz/?show=000000-000004-000003-000095&lang=1">Archived</a> 1 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Prague Watchdog, 5 August 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2003-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2003_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2003_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3266325.stm">Court rejects Chechen extradition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090112101602/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3266325.stm">Archived</a> 12 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 13 November 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/14/world/risky-walk-in-rebel-held-chechen-capital.html?pagewanted=all">Risky Walk in Rebel-Held Chechen Capital</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180727115648/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/14/world/risky-walk-in-rebel-held-chechen-capital.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> 27 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 14 August 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=8727">Moscow Gives More Evidence On Zakayev</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301121359/http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=8727">Archived</a> 1 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_St._Petersburg_Times_(Russia)" title="The St. Petersburg Times (Russia)">The St. Petersburg Times</a></i>, 3 December 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/Article/1076423.html">Chechnya: The Turning Point That Wasn't</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">RFE/RL</a>, 11 May 2007 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150823204828/http://www.rferl.org/content/Article/1076423.html">Archived</a> 23 August 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1662859.stm">Moscow opens Chechnya peace talks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090112233704/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1662859.stm">Archived</a> 12 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 18 November 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-nov-19-mn-5822-story.html">Russian, Chechen Rebel Envoy Hold First Talks Since War Began</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, 19 November 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/19/world/kremlin-and-rebel-envoys-discuss-peace-for-chechnya.html">Kremlin and Rebel Envoys Discuss Peace for Chechnya</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180727121010/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/19/world/kremlin-and-rebel-envoys-discuss-peace-for-chechnya.html">Archived</a> 27 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 19 November 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/11/18/russia.chechnya/index.html">Russia opens talks with Chechens</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110522185317/http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/11/18/russia.chechnya/index.html">Archived</a> 22 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, 19 November 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=5925">Chechnya Peace Talks Get Under Way</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301121404/http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=5925">Archived</a> 1 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_St._Petersburg_Times_(Russia)" title="The St. Petersburg Times (Russia)">The St. Petersburg Times</a></i>, 20 November 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.watchdog.cz/?show=000000-000004-000001-000024&lang=1">Long negotiations with unclear results</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501213933/http://www.watchdog.cz/?show=000000-000004-000001-000024&lang=1">Archived</a> 1 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Prague Watchdog, 16 November 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.pravda.ru/main/18/88/353/11763_election.html">Prominent Candidates for Russia's Presidency</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051223122117/http://english.pravda.ru/main/18/88/353/11763_election.html">Archived</a> 23 December 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a></i>, 12 December 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,386954-1,00.html">Russian to the Core</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501190947/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,386954-1,00.html">Archived</a> 1 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, 3 November 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dissident-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dissident_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dissident_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dissident_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dissident_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Goldfarb_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Goldfarb (author)">Alex Goldfarb</a> and Marina Litvinenko. "<a href="/wiki/Death_of_a_Dissident" title="Death of a Dissident">Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB.</a>" Free Press, New York, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-5165-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-5165-2">978-1-4165-5165-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2391629.stm">Russia pushes for Chechen extradition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080813044448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2391629.stm">Archived</a> 13 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 2 November 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2539567.stm">Denmark frees top Chechen envoy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080904045255/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2539567.stm">Archived</a> 4 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 3 December 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=8633">Zakayev Evidence On Shaky Ground</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140727204358/http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=8633">Archived</a> 27 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_St._Petersburg_Times_(Russia)" title="The St. Petersburg Times (Russia)">The St. Petersburg Times</a></i>, 19 November 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iwpr.net/index.php?apc_state=hen&s=o&o=p=crs&l=EN&s=f&o=161633">Zakayev Welcomes Deportation Trial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_War_and_Peace_Reporting" title="Institute for War and Peace Reporting">Institute for War and Peace Reporting</a>, 21 February 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/key-witness-in-chechen-extradition-case-was-tortured-587935.html">Key witness in Chechen extradition case 'was tortured'</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>, 25 July 2003 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2014">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/3112905.stm">Evidence gathered by torture</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090112104747/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/3112905.stm">Archived</a> 12 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 31 July 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=10890">Kadyrov Accused of Intimidation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140508031531/http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=10890">Archived</a> 8 May 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_St._Petersburg_Times_(Russia)" title="The St. Petersburg Times (Russia)">The St. Petersburg Times</a></i>, 9 September 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mrY-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mrY_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mrY_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazeta.ru/2003/07/01/Zakayevsaved.shtml">Zakayev saved by Mr Y</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605073018/http://www.gazeta.ru/2003/07/01/Zakayevsaved.shtml">Archived</a> 5 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gazeta.Ru" title="Gazeta.Ru">Gazeta.Ru</a>, 2003/07/01</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/chechnya/Story/0,2763,1084153,00.html">Judge rejects bid to extradite Chechen rebel leader</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 13 November 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C06E5DF1538F937A25752C1A9659C8B63&n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FSubjects%2FK%2FKidnapping">Russia Loses Fight Over Chechen's Extradition</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 29 November 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2003/11/14/nzakay14.xml">Chechen rebel defeats Putin's extradition plea</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041118184600/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2003%2F11%2F14%2Fnzakay14.xml">Archived</a> 18 November 2004 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i>, 13 November 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/russian-request-to-extradite-chechen-exile-is-turned-down-735679.html">Russian request to extradite Chechen exile is turned down</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>, 14 November 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3269385.stm">UK accused of hypocrisy on terror</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208113850/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3269385.stm">Archived</a> 8 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 13 November 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3249474.stm">Chechen envoy granted UK asylum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031206092838/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3249474.stm">Archived</a> 6 December 2003 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 9 November 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2004/09/06/014.html">Zakayev Was Asked to Assist in Negotiations at the School</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070327155019/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2004/09/06/014.html">Archived</a> 27 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a></i>, 6 September 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamestown.org/chechnya_weekly/article.php?articleid=2372350">New Details Emerge on Maskhadov's Bid to Mediate in Beslan</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jamestown_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jamestown Foundation">The Jamestown Foundation</a>, 6 January 2006 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080223150104/http://www.jamestown.org/chechnya_weekly/article.php?articleid=2372350">Archived</a> 23 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,695816,00.html">Communication Breakdown</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501201032/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,695816,00.html">Archived</a> 1 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, 12 September 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chechenpress.co.uk/english/news/2007/10/31/05.shtml">Statement by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728061523/http://www.chechenpress.co.uk/english/news/2007/10/31/05.shtml">Archived</a> 28 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chechenpress" title="Chechenpress">Chechenpress</a>, 31 October 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2007/11/3b1b6b92-be6a-4358-afdb-faafd3dd64a4.html">Foreign Minister Of Chechen Separatist Government Resigns</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071211214410/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2007/11/3b1b6b92-be6a-4358-afdb-faafd3dd64a4.html">Archived</a> 11 December 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">RFE/RL</a>, 20 November 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7609557.stm">US 'provoked Russia-Georgia war'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080914020641/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7609557.stm">Archived</a> 14 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 10 September 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/Article/1079059.html">Russia: Is North Caucasus Resistance Still Serious Threat?</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">RFE/RL</a>, 1 November 2007 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150825012912/http://www.rferl.org/content/Article/1079059.html">Archived</a> 25 August 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/12/08/npoison108.xml">Litvinenko laid to rest in historic Highgate</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i>, 08/12/2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jul/22/russia.world">Police feared assassination for two Russian dissidents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202104007/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jul/22/russia.world">Archived</a> 2 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 22 July 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24961179-2703,00.html">Slain exile's family warns of death list</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a></i>, 26 January 2009 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11339630">Chechen separatist leader Zakayev 'arrested' in Poland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160103022146/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11339630">Archived</a> 3 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 17 September 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svoboda.org/a/31061969.html">Рамзан Кадыров пригрозил посадить в подвал или убить Ахмеда Закаева</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoukaev2021-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoukaev2021_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoukaev2021">Doukaev 2021</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProthero2022" class="citation web cs1">Prothero, Mitchell (2 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/5dgjn8/chechnya-fighters-ukraine-russia-ramzan-kadyrov">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'My MMA Gym Will Be Empty': Chechens Head to Ukraine to Fight Kadyrov"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vice_Media" title="Vice Media">Vice Media</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice+Media&rft.atitle=%27My+MMA+Gym+Will+Be+Empty%27%3A+Chechens+Head+to+Ukraine+to+Fight+Kadyrov&rft.date=2022-03-02&rft.aulast=Prothero&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2F5dgjn8%2Fchechnya-fighters-ukraine-russia-ramzan-kadyrov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkhmed+Zakayev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theglobeandmail-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-theglobeandmail_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKinnon2022" class="citation news cs1">MacKinnon, Mark (13 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-chechens-and-georgians-in-ukraine-preparing-to-continue-fight-against/">"Chechens and Georgians in Ukraine preparing to continue fight against Putin on a new front"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Chechens+and+Georgians+in+Ukraine+preparing+to+continue+fight+against+Putin+on+a+new+front&rft.date=2022-02-13&rft.aulast=MacKinnon&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fworld%2Farticle-chechens-and-georgians-in-ukraine-preparing-to-continue-fight-against%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkhmed+Zakayev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/03/jihadis-idlib-bash-chechen-leader-ramzan-kadyrov-role-ukraine-war">"Jihadis in Idlib bash Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov for role in Ukraine war - Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Monitor" title="Al-Monitor">Al-Monitor</a></i>. 6 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Monitor&rft.atitle=Jihadis+in+Idlib+bash+Chechen+leader+Ramzan+Kadyrov+for+role+in+Ukraine+war+-+Al-Monitor%3A+The+Pulse+of+the+Middle+East&rft.date=2022-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Foriginals%2F2022%2F03%2Fjihadis-idlib-bash-chechen-leader-ramzan-kadyrov-role-ukraine-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkhmed+Zakayev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamestown.org/program/chechen-fighters-in-ukraine-set-sights-on-homeland/">"Chechen Fighters in Ukraine Set Sights on Homeland"</a>. <i>Jamestown Foundation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220913141808/https://jamestown.org/program/chechen-fighters-in-ukraine-set-sights-on-homeland/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jamestown+Foundation&rft.atitle=Chechen+Fighters+in+Ukraine+Set+Sights+on+Homeland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamestown.org%2Fprogram%2Fchechen-fighters-in-ukraine-set-sights-on-homeland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkhmed+Zakayev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uacrisis.org/en/ukraine-in-flames-162">"Chechen batallions in Ukraine: Common fight against Russia"</a>. Ukraine Сrisis Media Center. 19 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chechen+batallions+in+Ukraine%3A+Common+fight+against+Russia&rft.date=2022-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuacrisis.org%2Fen%2Fukraine-in-flames-162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkhmed+Zakayev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yahoo-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yahoo_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/ukraine-recognizes-chechen-republic-ichkeria-154900042.html">"Ukraine recognizes the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria"</a>. <i>news.yahoo.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=Ukraine+recognizes+the+Chechen+Republic+of+Ichkeria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fukraine-recognizes-chechen-republic-ichkeria-154900042.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkhmed+Zakayev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reuters_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-lawmakers-brand-chechnya-russian-occupied-dig-kremlin-2022-10-18/">"Ukraine lawmakers brand Chechnya 'Russian-occupied' in dig at Kremlin"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 18 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Ukraine+lawmakers+brand+Chechnya+%27Russian-occupied%27+in+dig+at+Kremlin&rft.date=2022-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraine-lawmakers-brand-chechnya-russian-occupied-dig-kremlin-2022-10-18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkhmed+Zakayev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/chechen-republic-representatives-call-on-ukraine-to-recognize-independence.html">"Chechen Republic Representatives Call on Ukraine to Recognize Independence"</a>. <i>Kyiv Post</i>. 14 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Chechen+Republic+Representatives+Call+on+Ukraine+to+Recognize+Independence&rft.date=2022-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fukraine-politics%2Fchechen-republic-representatives-call-on-ukraine-to-recognize-independence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkhmed+Zakayev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoukaev2023-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoukaev2023_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoukaev2023">Doukaev 2023</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themoscowtimes.com/article/1010/42/374439.htm">Kadyrov Invites Zakayev To Return to Chechnya</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121203032822/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/article/1010/42/374439.htm">Archived</a> 3 December 2012 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a></i>, 11 February 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/Zakaev_Says_Chechen_President_Cannot_Guarantee_Anything/1491248.html">Zakayev Rebuffs Chechen President's Reported Offer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090212230335/http://www.rferl.org/content/Zakaev_Says_Chechen_President_Cannot_Guarantee_Anything/1491248.html">Archived</a> 12 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">RFE/RL</a>, 11 February 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/russia/newsid_7881000/7881378.stm">Закаев говорит, что не намерен возвращаться</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090213104502/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/russia/newsid_7881000/7881378.stm">Archived</a> 13 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Russian_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Russian Service">BBC Russian Service</a>, 10 February 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chechenpress.co.uk/content/2009/02/12/press01.shtml">Zakayev says that he is not intended to return</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090502111821/http://www.chechenpress.co.uk/content/2009/02/12/press01.shtml">Archived</a> 2 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chechenpress" title="Chechenpress">Chechenpress</a>, 12 February 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-interfax_kadyrov-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-interfax_kadyrov_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090819031645/http://www.interfax.com/17/504439/Interview.aspx">"Kadyrov favors return of ex-separatist emissary Zakayev to Chechnya"</a>. Interfax. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfax.com/17/504439/Interview.aspx">the original</a> on 19 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kadyrov+favors+return+of+ex-separatist+emissary+Zakayev+to+Chechnya&rft.pub=Interfax&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interfax.com%2F17%2F504439%2FInterview.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkhmed+Zakayev" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kavkaz.tv/eng/content/2009/02/17/10550.shtml">According to Zakayev, Kadyrov can <i>unite the Chechen society</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218093601/http://www.kavkaz.tv/eng/content/2009/02/17/10550.shtml">Archived</a> 18 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kavkaz_Center" title="Kavkaz Center">Kavkaz Center</a>, 17 February 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russiaprofile.org/page.php?pageid=Politics&articleid=a1248887565">A Never-Ending War</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090803130113/http://www.russiaprofile.org/page.php?pageid=Politics&articleid=a1248887565">Archived</a> 3 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waynakh.com/eng/2009/08/saralyapov-accused-and-dismissed-to-zakayev/">Saralyapov Accused and Dismissed to Zakayev</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200058/http://www.waynakh.com/eng/2009/08/saralyapov-accused-and-dismissed-to-zakayev/">Archived</a> 29 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Waynakh.com, 23 August 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/North_Caucasus_Resistance_Sentences_Chechen_Leader_To_Death/1807205.html">North Caucasus Resistance Sentences Chechen Leader To Death</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525002439/http://www.rferl.org/content/North_Caucasus_Resistance_Sentences_Chechen_Leader_To_Death/1807205.html">Archived</a> 25 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Free Europe">Radio Free Europe</a>, 25 August 2009</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akhmed_Zakayev&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoukaev2023" class="citation journal cs1">Doukaev, Aslan (December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamestown.org/program/resurgent-dreams-of-independence-in-the-north-caucasus/">"Resurgent Dreams of Independence in the North Caucasus"</a>. <i>Eurasia Daily Monitor</i>. <b>20</b> (188). <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Foundation" title="Jamestown Foundation">Jamestown Foundation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurasia+Daily+Monitor&rft.atitle=Resurgent+Dreams+of+Independence+in+the+North+Caucasus&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=188&rft.date=2023-12&rft.aulast=Doukaev&rft.aufirst=Aslan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamestown.org%2Fprogram%2Fresurgent-dreams-of-independence-in-the-north-caucasus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkhmed+Zakayev" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoukaev2021" class="citation journal cs1">Doukaev, Aslan (September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamestown.org/program/talibans-return-to-power-draws-mixed-reaction-from-chechen-factions/">"Taliban's Return to Power Draws Mixed Reaction From Chechen Factions"</a>. <i>Eurasia Daily Monitor</i>. <b>18</b> (135). <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Foundation" title="Jamestown Foundation">Jamestown Foundation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurasia+Daily+Monitor&rft.atitle=Taliban%E2%80%99s+Return+to+Power+Draws+Mixed+Reaction+From+Chechen+Factions&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=135&rft.date=2021-09&rft.aulast=Doukaev&rft.aufirst=Aslan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamestown.org%2Fprogram%2Ftalibans-return-to-power-draws-mixed-reaction-from-chechen-factions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAkhmed+Zakayev" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akhmed_Zakayev&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/today/reports/archive/international/zakayev.shtml">Who is Akhmed Zakayev?</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/12/russia">Profile: Akhmed Zakayev, Chechnya's voice on UK stage</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, September 2008</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070701000826/http://www.amnesty.org/russia/zakayev_case.html">The Zakayev Case</a> at <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/z/akhmed_zakayev/index.html">Akhmed Zakayev</a> collected news and commentary at <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zakaev.ru/">Охота на Закаева</a> (about the British extradition case)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_Chechnya_(1991–present)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_Chechnya" title="Template:Leaders of Chechnya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leaders_of_Chechnya" title="Template talk:Leaders of Chechnya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_Chechnya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of Chechnya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_Chechnya_(1991–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Chechnya_(1991%E2%80%93present)" title="List of leaders of Chechnya (1991–present)">Leaders of Chechnya (1991–present)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Chechen_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechen Republic</a><br />(since 1993)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Salambek_Khadzhiyev" title="Salambek Khadzhiyev">Salambek Khadzhiyev</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doku_Zavgayev" title="Doku Zavgayev">Doku Zavgayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhmad_Kadyrov" title="Akhmad Kadyrov">Akhmad Kadyrov</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Abramov_(politician)" title="Sergey Abramov (politician)">Sergey Abramov</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alu_Alkhanov" title="Alu Alkhanov">Alu Alkhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramzan_Kadyrov" title="Ramzan Kadyrov">Ramzan Kadyrov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a><br />(1991–2007)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dzhokhar_Dudayev" title="Dzhokhar Dudayev">Dzhokhar Dudayev</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zelimkhan_Yandarbiyev" title="Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev">Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aslan_Maskhadov" title="Aslan Maskhadov">Aslan Maskhadov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul-Halim_Sadulayev" title="Abdul-Halim Sadulayev">Abdul-Halim Sadulayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokka_Umarov" title="Dokka Umarov">Dokka Umarov</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Akhmed Zakayev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Acting officeholders shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chechen–Russian_conflict" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chechen_wars" title="Template:Chechen wars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chechen_wars" title="Template talk:Chechen wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chechen_wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chechen wars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chechen–Russian_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chechen%E2%80%93Russian_conflict" title="Chechen–Russian conflict">Chechen–Russian conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a> (1994–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Dagestan_(1999)" title="War in Dagestan (1999)">War in Dagestan</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a> (1999–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Ingushetia" title="Insurgency in Ingushetia">Insurgency in Ingushetia</a> (2007–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a> (2009–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First Chechen War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dolinskoye" title="Battle of Dolinskoye">Battle of Dolinskoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khankala_(1994)" title="Battle of Khankala (1994)">Battle of Khankala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grozny_(1994%E2%80%931995)" title="Battle of Grozny (1994–1995)">Battle of Grozny (1994–1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Shali_cluster_bomb_attack" title="1995 Shali cluster bomb attack">1995 Shali cluster bomb attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samashki_massacre" title="Samashki massacre">Samashki massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatoy_ambush" title="Shatoy ambush">Shatoy ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grozny_(August_1996)" title="Battle of Grozny (August 1996)">Battle of Grozny (August 1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasavyurt_Accord" title="Khasavyurt Accord">Khasavyurt Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Chechnya_Peace_Treaty" title="Russia–Chechnya Peace Treaty">Russia–Chechnya Peace Treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second Chechen War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_Russian_bombing_of_Chechnya" title="1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya">1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grozny_(1999%E2%80%932000)" title="Battle of Grozny (1999–2000)">Battle of Grozny (1999–2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Height_776" title="Battle for Height 776">Battle for Height 776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Komsomolskoye" title="Battle of Komsomolskoye">Battle of Komsomolskoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Zhani-Vedeno_ambush" title="2000 Zhani-Vedeno ambush">2000 Zhani-Vedeno ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Khankala_Mi-26_crash" title="2002 Khankala Mi-26 crash">2002 Khankala Mi-26 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Nazran_raid" title="2004 Nazran raid">2004 Nazran raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_raid_on_Grozny" title="2004 raid on Grozny">2004 raid on Grozny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_raid_on_Nalchik" title="2005 raid on Nalchik">2005 raid on Nalchik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-insurgency_operations_during_the_Second_Chechen_War" title="Counter-insurgency operations during the Second Chechen War">Counter-insurgency operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_phase_of_the_Second_Chechen_War" title="Guerrilla phase of the Second Chechen War">Guerrilla phase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_phase_of_the_Second_Chechen_War_(2000)" title="Guerrilla phase of the Second Chechen War (2000)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_phase_of_the_Second_Chechen_War_(2001)" title="Guerrilla phase of the Second Chechen War (2001)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_phase_of_the_Second_Chechen_War_(2002)" title="Guerrilla phase of the Second Chechen War (2002)">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_phase_of_the_Second_Chechen_War_(2003)" title="Guerrilla phase of the Second Chechen War (2003)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_phase_of_the_Second_Chechen_War_(2004)" title="Guerrilla phase of the Second Chechen War (2004)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_phase_of_the_Second_Chechen_War_(2005)" title="Guerrilla phase of the Second Chechen War (2005)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_phase_of_the_Second_Chechen_War_(2006)" title="Guerrilla phase of the Second Chechen War (2006)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_phase_of_the_Second_Chechen_War_(2007)" title="Guerrilla phase of the Second Chechen War (2007)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_phase_of_the_Second_Chechen_War_(2008)" title="Guerrilla phase of the Second Chechen War (2008)">2008</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budyonnovsk_hospital_hostage_crisis" title="Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis">1995 Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_hostage_crisis" title="Black Sea hostage crisis">1996 Black Sea hostage crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MV_Avrasya" title="MV Avrasya">MV <i>Avrasya</i> hijacking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizlyar%E2%80%93Pervomayskoye_hostage_crisis" title="Kizlyar–Pervomayskoye hostage crisis">1996 Kizlyar hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Vladikavkaz_bombing" title="1999 Vladikavkaz bombing">1999 Vladikavkaz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_apartment_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian apartment bombings">1999 Russian apartment bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukhchar_massacre" title="Tukhchar massacre">1999 Tukhchar massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_theater_hostage_crisis" title="Moscow theater hostage crisis">2002 Moscow theater hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Grozny_truck_bombing" title="2002 Grozny truck bombing">2002 Grozny truck bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozdok_truck_bombing" title="Mozdok truck bombing">2003 Mozdok bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tushino_bombing" title="2003 Tushino bombing">2003 Tushino bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2004_Moscow_Metro_bombing" title="February 2004 Moscow Metro bombing">2004 Moscow Metro bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Russian_aircraft_bombings" title="2004 Russian aircraft bombings">2004 Russian aircraft bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beslan_school_siege" title="Beslan school siege">2004 Beslan school siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Vladikavkaz_bombing" title="2008 Vladikavkaz bombing">2008 Vladikavkaz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nevsky_Express_bombing" title="2009 Nevsky Express bombing">2009 Nevsky Express bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Moscow_Metro_bombings" title="2010 Moscow Metro bombings">2010 Moscow Metro bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domodedovo_International_Airport_bombing" title="Domodedovo International Airport bombing">Domodedovo International Airport bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Makhachkala_attack" title="2012 Makhachkala attack">2012 Makhachkala attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Grozny_bombing" title="2014 Grozny bombing">2014 Grozny bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Saint_Petersburg_Metro_bombing" title="2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing">2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">Crocus City Hall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Dagestan_attacks" title="2024 Dagestan attacks">2024 Dagestan attacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Revolution" title="Chechen Revolution">Chechen Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grozny_(November_1994)" title="Battle of Grozny (November 1994)">Battle of Grozny (November 1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_government_censorship_of_Chechnya_coverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian government censorship of Chechnya coverage">Censorship of Chechnya coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War_crimes_and_terrorism" title="Second Chechen War crimes and terrorism">Crimes and terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_graves_in_Chechnya" title="Mass graves in Chechnya">Mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_attacks_in_the_North_Caucasus_conflict" title="Suicide attacks in the North Caucasus conflict">Suicide attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Second_Chechen_War_assassinations" title="List of Second Chechen War assassinations">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Second_Chechen_War" title="Casualties of the Second Chechen War">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_aircraft_losses_in_the_Second_Chechen_War" title="List of Russian aircraft losses in the Second Chechen War">Aircraft losses</a></li> <li>International response <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_First_Chechen_War" title="Reactions to the First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_Second_Chechen_War" title="International response to the Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Chechnya" title="Politics of Chechnya">Politics of Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechenpress" title="Chechenpress">Chechenpress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavkaz_Center" title="Kavkaz Center">Kavkaz Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_genocide" title="Chechen genocide">Chechen genocide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars in culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chechen_Wars_films" title="List of Chechen Wars films">List of films</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polina_Zherebtsova%27s_Journal" title="Polina Zherebtsova's Journal">Polina Zherebtsova's Journal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_(2002_film)" title="War (2002 film)"><i>War</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_3_Rooms_of_Melancholia" title="The 3 Rooms of Melancholia">The 3 Rooms of Melancholia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pathologies" title="The Pathologies">The Pathologies</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_(2007_film)" title="Alexandra (2007 film)"><i>Alexandra</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_Grozny" title="Angel of Grozny">Angel of Grozny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ant_in_a_Glass_Jar" title="Ant in a Glass Jar">Ant in a Glass Jar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Search_(2014_film)" title="The Search (2014 film)"><i>The Search</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Russian Ground Forces">Ground Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OMON" title="OMON">OMON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_Operational_Purpose_Division" title="Separate Operational Purpose Division">ODON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Troops_of_Russia" title="Internal Troops of Russia">Internal Troops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">Federal Security Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">Main Intelligence Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spetsnaz" title="Spetsnaz">Special Forces (Spetsnaz)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Republic of Chechnya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kadyrovites" title="Kadyrovites">Kadyrovites</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lebed" title="Alexander Lebed">Alexander Lebed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Grachev" title="Pavel Grachev">Pavel Grachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Troshev" title="Gennady Troshev">Gennady Troshev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a> <ul><li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Akhmad_Kadyrov" title="Akhmad Kadyrov">Akhmad Kadyrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alu_Alkhanov" title="Alu Alkhanov">Alu Alkhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramzan_Kadyrov" title="Ramzan Kadyrov">Ramzan Kadyrov</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Dzhabrail_Yamadayev" title="Dzhabrail Yamadayev">Dzhabrail Yamadayev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Yamadayev" title="Ruslan Yamadayev">Ruslan Yamadayev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Sulim_Yamadayev" title="Sulim Yamadayev">Sulim Yamadayev</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Separatists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Front_(militant_group)" title="Caucasian Front (militant group)">Caucasian Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilayat_Dagestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilayat Dagestan">Vilayat Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilayat_Galgayche" title="Vilayat Galgayche">Vilayat Galgayche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilayat_Nokhchicho" title="Vilayat Nokhchicho">Vilayat Nokhchicho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Vilayat_of_Kabarda,_Balkaria_and_Karachay" title="United Vilayat of Kabarda, Balkaria and Karachay">United Vilayat of Kabarda, Balkaria and Karachay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilayat_Cherkessia" title="Vilayat Cherkessia">Vilayat Cherkessia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilayat_Iriston" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilayat Iriston">Vilayat Iriston</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Djamaat_of_Dagestan" title="Islamic Djamaat of Dagestan">Islamic Djamaat of Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Army_of_Dagestan" title="Liberation Army of Dagestan">Liberation Army of Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alperen_Hearths" title="Alperen Hearths">Alperen Hearths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Dzhokhar_Dudayev" title="Dzhokhar Dudayev">Dzhokhar Dudayev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Zelimkhan_Yandarbiyev" title="Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev">Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Aslan_Maskhadov" title="Aslan Maskhadov">Aslan Maskhadov</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdul-Halim_Sadulayev" title="Abdul-Halim Sadulayev">Abdul-Halim Sadulayev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Gelayev" title="Ruslan Gelayev">Ruslan Gelayev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Shamil_Basayev" title="Shamil Basayev">Shamil Basayev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Arbi_Barayev" title="Arbi Barayev">Arbi Barayev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Salman_Raduyev" title="Salman Raduyev">Salman Raduyev</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Akhmed Zakayev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Turpal-Ali_Atgeriyev" title="Turpal-Ali Atgeriyev">Turpal-Ali Atgeriyev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Vakha_Arsanov" title="Vakha Arsanov">Vakha Arsanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Akhmadov" title="Ilyas Akhmadov">Ilyas Akhmadov</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Movsar_Barayev" title="Movsar Barayev">Movsar Barayev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Atayev" title="Muslim Atayev">Muslim Atayev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Rasul_Makasharipov" title="Rasul Makasharipov">Rasul Makasharipov</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Gorchkhanov" title="Ilyas Gorchkhanov">Ilyas Gorchkhanov</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Rappani_Khalilov" title="Rappani Khalilov">Rappani Khalilov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mujahideen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Emirate" title="Caucasus Emirate">Caucasus Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_in_Chechnya" title="Mujahideen in Chechnya">Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_International_Peacekeeping_Brigade" title="Islamic International Peacekeeping Brigade">Islamic International Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riyad-us_Saliheen_Brigade_of_Martyrs" title="Riyad-us Saliheen Brigade of Martyrs">Riyad-us Saliheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province" title="Islamic State – Caucasus Province">Islamic State – Caucasus Province</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Magomed_Suleimanov" title="Magomed Suleimanov">Magomed Suleimanov</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Aliaskhab_Kebekov" title="Aliaskhab Kebekov">Aliaskhab Kebekov</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Dokka_Umarov" title="Dokka Umarov">Dokka Umarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aslambek_Vadalov" title="Aslambek Vadalov">Aslambek Vadalov</a></li> <li> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>) <a href="/wiki/Ali_Taziev" title="Ali Taziev">Ali Taziev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Anzor_Astemirov" title="Anzor Astemirov">Anzor Astemirov</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Supyan_Abdullayev" title="Supyan Abdullayev">Supyan Abdullayev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Aslan_Byutukayev" title="Aslan Byutukayev">Aslan Byutukayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movladi_Udugov" title="Movladi Udugov">Movladi Udugov</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Khuseyn_Gakayev" title="Khuseyn Gakayev">Khuseyn Gakayev</a></li> <li> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>) <a href="/wiki/Tarkhan_Gaziyev" title="Tarkhan Gaziyev">Tarkhan Gaziyev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Said_Buryatsky" title="Said Buryatsky">Said Buryatsky</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Magomed_Vagabov" title="Magomed Vagabov">Magomed Vagabov</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Rustam_Asildarov" title="Rustam Asildarov">Rustam Asildarov</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Asker_Dzhappuyev" title="Asker Dzhappuyev">Asker Dzhappuyev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Getagazhev" title="Arthur Getagazhev">Arthur Getagazhev</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Khattab" title="Ibn al-Khattab">Ibn al-Khattab</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Walid" title="Abu al-Walid">Abu al-Walid</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Urduni" title="Abu Hafs al-Urduni">Abu Hafs al-Urduni</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Muhannad_(jihadist)" title="Muhannad (jihadist)">Muhannad</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdulla_Kurd" title="Abdulla Kurd">Abdulla Kurd</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> <a href="/wiki/Zalim_Shebzukhov" title="Zalim Shebzukhov">Zalim Shebzukhov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Separatist_and_autonomist_movements_in_Russia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Separatists_in_Russia" title="Template:Separatists in Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Separatists_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Separatists in Russia (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Separatists_in_Russia" 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protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushtau" title="Kushtau">2020 Kashtau mountain protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Ingushetia_protests" title="2018–2019 Ingushetia protests">2018–2019 Ingushetia protests</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Протесты в Шиесе">2018-2020 Shies protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_regionalism#Modern_movements" title="Siberian regionalism">2014 Movement for Federalization of Siberia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Protest in Strasbourg in memory of the deportation of Chechens and Ingush"><img alt="Protest in Strasbourg in memory of the deportation of Chechens and Ingush" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_%281%29.jpg/150px-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_%281%29.jpg/225px-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_%281%29.jpg/300px-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrest and conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_2024_western_Russia_incursion" title="March 2024 western Russia incursion">March 2024 western Russia incursion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_and_Russian_partisan_movement_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Belarusian and Russian partisan movement (2022–present)">Belarusian and Russian partisan movement (2022–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen%E2%80%93Russian_conflict" title="Chechen–Russian conflict">Chechen–Russian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Grozny_clashes" title="2014 Grozny clashes">2014 Grozny clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Tsentoroy_attack" title="2010 Tsentoroy attack">2010 Tsentoroy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Zhani-Vedeno_ambush" title="2007 Zhani-Vedeno ambush">2007 Zhani-Vedeno ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2005_Dagestan_Raids" title="January 2005 Dagestan Raids">January 2005 Dagestan Raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_raid_on_Nalchik" title="2005 raid on Nalchik">2005 raid on Nalchik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_raid_on_Avtury" title="2004 raid on Avtury">2004 raid on Avtury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_raid_on_Grozny" title="2004 raid on Grozny">2004 raid on Grozny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Nalchik_raid" title="2004 Nalchik raid">2004 Nalchik raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Nazran_raid" title="2004 Nazran raid">2004 Nazran raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Grozny_OMON_ambush" title="2002 Grozny OMON ambush">2002 Grozny OMON ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Prigorodny_conflict" title="East Prigorodny conflict">East Prigorodny conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terrorist attacks after 2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Saint_Petersburg_Metro_bombing" title="2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing">2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizlyar_church_shooting" title="Kizlyar church shooting">Kizlyar church shooting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coalitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Council_(Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine)" title="Civic Council (Armed Forces of Ukraine)">Civic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Nations_of_Post-Russia_Forum" title="Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum">Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Nations_League" title="Free Nations League">Free Nations League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Idel-Ural" title="Free Idel-Ural">Idel-Ural</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Separatist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adat_People%27s_Movement" title="Adat People's Movement">Adat People's Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Tatar_Public_Center" title="All-Tatar Public Center">All-Tatar Public Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Bashkir_Resistance" title="Committee of Bashkir Resistance">Committee of Bashkir Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Ingria" title="Free Ingria">Free Ingria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingush_Independence_Committee" title="Ingush Independence Committee">Ingush Independence Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ittifaq_Party" title="Ittifaq Party">Ittifaq Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_National_Movement" title="Karelian National Movement">Karelian National Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirat-Kalmyk_People%27s_Congress" title="Oirat-Kalmyk People's Congress">Oirat-Kalmyk People's Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Republican_Party" title="Baltic Republican Party">Respublika Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Buryatia_Foundation" title="Free Buryatia Foundation">Free Buryatia Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactive organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Republican_Party" title="Baltic Republican Party">Baltic Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Emirate" title="Caucasus Emirate">Caucasus Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province" title="Islamic State – Caucasus Province">Islamic State – Caucasus Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformation_of_Ural" title="Transformation of Ural">Transformation of Ural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Movement_of_Karelia" title="Republican Movement of Karelia">Republican Movement of Karelia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active armed groups and units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajnad_al-Kavkaz" title="Ajnad al-Kavkaz">Ajnad al-Kavkaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzhokhar_Dudayev_Battalion" title="Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion">Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Shamil_Battalion" title="Imam Shamil Battalion">Imam Shamil Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Батальон имени имама Шамиля">Imam Shamil Dagestan Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junud_al-Makhdi" title="Junud al-Makhdi">Junud al-Makhdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_Group" title="Karelian Group">Karelian Group</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Батальон имени Хамзата Гелаева"> Khamzat Gelayev Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_Special_Purpose_Battalion" title="Separate Special Purpose Battalion">Separate Special Purpose Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibir_Battalion" title="Sibir Battalion">Sibir Battalion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Akhmed Zakayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauziya_Bayramova" title="Fauziya Bayramova">Fauziya Bayramova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fail_Alsynov" title="Fail Alsynov">Fail Alsynov</a></li> <li><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="uk:Кашапов Рафіс Рафаїлович">Rafis Kashapov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said-Khasanom_Abumuslimov" title="Said-Khasanom Abumuslimov">Said-Khasanom Abumuslimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadim_Shtepa" title="Vadim Shtepa">Vadim Shtepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Ammosov" title="Vladislav Ammosov">Vladislav Ammosov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Tatarstani_sovereignty_referendum" title="1992 Tatarstani sovereignty referendum">1992 Tatarstani sovereignty referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkar_and_Karachay_nationalism" title="Balkar and Karachay nationalism">Balkar and Karachay nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_nationalism" title="Circassian nationalism">Circassian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzyan_Mastor_(journal)" title="Erzyan Mastor (journal)">Erzyan Mastor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Legion_(Ukraine)" title="International Legion (Ukraine)">International Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyda_(song)" title="Oyda (song)">Oyda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_regionalism" title="Siberian regionalism">Siberian regionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Republic" title="Siberian Republic">Siberian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_nationalism" title="Tatar nationalism">Tatar nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Republic" title="Ural Republic">Ural Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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