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class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-對此理論的批評" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#對此理論的批評"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>對此理論的批評</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-對此理論的批評-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关對此理論的批評子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-對此理論的批評-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-貿易障礙" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#貿易障礙"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>貿易障礙</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-貿易障礙-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-和生活水平的關係" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#和生活水平的關係"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>和生活水平的關係</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-和生活水平的關係-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关条目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关条目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>相关条目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相关条目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item 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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">购买力平价</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。90种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koopkragpariteit" title="Koopkragpariteit – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koopkragpariteit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تعادل القدرة الشرائية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعادل القدرة الشرائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parid%C3%A1_de_poder_adquisitivu" title="Paridá de poder adquisitivu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Paridá de poder adquisitivu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C4%B1c%C4%B1l%C4%B1q_qabiliyy%C9%99ti_pariteti" title="Alıcılıq qabiliyyəti pariteti – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alıcılıq qabiliyyəti pariteti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Һатып алыу мөмкинлеге паритеты – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һатып алыу мөмкинлеге паритеты" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96" title="Парытэт пакупніцкай здольнасці – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Парытэт пакупніцкай здольнасці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Паритет на покупателната способност – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Паритет на покупателната способност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="परचेजिंग पावर पैरिटी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="परचेजिंग पावर पैरिटी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="ক্রয়ক্ষমতা সমতা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্রয়ক্ষমতা সমতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritet_kupovne_mo%C4%87i" title="Paritet kupovne moći – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Paritet kupovne moći" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Худалдажа абаха шадабариин паритет – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Худалдажа абаха шадабариин паритет" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritat_de_poder_adquisitiu" title="Paritat de poder adquisitiu – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paritat de poder adquisitiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parita_kupn%C3%AD_s%C3%ADly" title="Parita kupní síly – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Parita kupní síly" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paredd_gallu_prynu" title="Paredd gallu prynu – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Paredd gallu prynu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B8bekraftsparitet" title="Købekraftsparitet – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Købekraftsparitet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaufkraftparit%C3%A4t" title="Kaufkraftparität – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaufkraftparität" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Purchasing power parity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%89etpova_egaleco" title="Aĉetpova egaleco – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aĉetpova egaleco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paridad_de_poder_adquisitivo" title="Paridad de poder adquisitivo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paridad de poder adquisitivo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostuj%C3%B5u_pariteet" title="Ostujõu pariteet – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ostujõu pariteet" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosahalmenaren_parekotasun" title="Erosahalmenaren parekotasun – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erosahalmenaren parekotasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="برابری قدرت خرید – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برابری قدرت خرید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostovoimapariteetti" title="Ostovoimapariteetti – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ostovoimapariteetti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parit%C3%A9_de_pouvoir_d%27achat" title="Parité de pouvoir d'achat – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parité de pouvoir d'achat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/KKP" title="KKP – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="KKP" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paireacht_cumhachta_ceannaigh" title="Paireacht cumhachta ceannaigh – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Paireacht cumhachta ceannaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-ionnannachd_comais-cheannachd" title="Co-ionnannachd comais-cheannachd – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Co-ionnannachd comais-cheannachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paridade_de_poder_adquisitivo" title="Paridade de poder adquisitivo – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paridade de poder adquisitivo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jejoguakuaa_%C3%B1embojojaha" title="Jejoguakuaa ñembojojaha – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Jejoguakuaa ñembojojaha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="שווי כוח הקנייה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שווי כוח הקנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रय-शक्ति समता – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्रय-शक्ति समता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritet_kupovne_mo%C4%87i" title="Paritet kupovne moći – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Paritet kupovne moći" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1s%C3%A1rl%C3%B3er%C5%91-parit%C3%A1s" title="Vásárlóerő-paritás – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vásárlóerő-paritás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գնողունակության համարժեքություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գնողունակության համարժեքություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritate_de_poter_acquisitive" title="Paritate de poter acquisitive – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Paritate de poter acquisitive" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keseimbangan_kemampuan_berbelanja" title="Keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagpadaan_ti_kapigsa_ti_panag-gatang" title="Pagpadaan ti kapigsa ti panag-gatang – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagpadaan ti kapigsa ti panag-gatang" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaupm%C3%A1ttarj%C3%B6fnu%C3%B0ur" title="Kaupmáttarjöfnuður – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kaupmáttarjöfnuður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parit%C3%A0_di_potere_d%27acquisto" title="Parità di potere d'acquisto – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parità di potere d'acquisto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%BC%E8%B2%B7%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BE%A1%E8%AA%AC" title="購買力平価説 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="購買力平価説" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritas_daya_tuku" title="Paritas daya tuku – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paritas daya tuku" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="მსყიდველობითი უნარის პარიტეტი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მსყიდველობითი უნარის პარიტეტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Аларман қабілет тепетендігі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аларман қабілет тепетендігі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A7%A4%EB%A0%A5_%ED%8F%89%EA%B0%80" title="구매력 평가 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구매력 평가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%AEteya_H%C3%AAza_Kir%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Parîteya Hêza Kirînê – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Parîteya Hêza Kirînê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par_acquirendi_potestas" title="Par acquirendi potestas – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Par acquirendi potestas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valivanza_dl_pud%C3%ABi_de_compra" title="Valivanza dl pudëi de compra – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Valivanza dl pudëi de compra" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ກຳລັງຊື້ທຽບຖານ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກຳລັງຊື້ທຽບຖານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkamosios_galios_paritetas" title="Perkamosios galios paritetas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Perkamosios galios paritetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirktsp%C4%93jas_parit%C4%81te" title="Pirktspējas paritāte – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pirktspējas paritāte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9C" title="Паритет на куповна моќ – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Паритет на куповна моќ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रयशक्तीची समानता – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्रयशक्तीची समानता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariti_kuasa_beli" title="Pariti kuasa beli – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pariti kuasa beli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဝယ်ယူနိုင်စွမ်းအား ကွာခြားမှုနှုန်း – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝယ်ယူနိုင်စွမ်းအား ကွာခြားမှုနှုန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रय शक्ति समता – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्रय शक्ति समता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koopkrachtpariteit" title="Koopkrachtpariteit – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koopkrachtpariteit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B8pekraftsparitet" title="Kjøpekraftsparitet – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kjøpekraftsparitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%B8pekraftsparitet" title="Kjøpekraftsparitet – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjøpekraftsparitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%BB%D1%85%C3%A6%D0%BD%C3%A6%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9F%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Æлхæнæн Хъом Пæритет – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æлхæнæн Хъом Пæритет" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਖਰੀਦ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ ਸਮਾਨਤਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖਰੀਦ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ ਸਮਾਨਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parytet_si%C5%82y_nabywczej" title="Parytet siły nabywczej – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Parytet siły nabywczej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="مساوی قوت خرید – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مساوی قوت خرید" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paridade_do_poder_de_compra" title="Paridade do poder de compra – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paridade do poder de compra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritatea_puterii_de_cump%C4%83rare" title="Paritatea puterii de cumpărare – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Paritatea puterii de cumpărare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Паритет покупательной способности – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Паритет покупательной способности" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Парита накупной силы – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Парита накупной силы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0h%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Атыылаhар кыах паритета – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Атыылаhар кыах паритета" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%B3%DA%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="خريداري سگهه برابري – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="خريداري سگهه برابري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritet_kupovne_mo%C4%87i" title="Paritet kupovne moći – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Paritet kupovne moći" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksli_n_t%E1%BA%93%E1%B8%8Dart_n_tis%C9%A3i" title="Taksli n tẓḍart n tisɣi – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taksli n tẓḍart n tisɣi" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA" title="ක්‍රය ශක්ති සාම්‍යය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්‍රය ශක්ති සාම්‍යය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Purchasing power parity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parita_k%C3%BApnej_sily_(teoretick%C3%BD_v%C3%BDmenn%C3%BD_kurz)" title="Parita kúpnej sily (teoretický výmenný kurz) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Parita kúpnej sily (teoretický výmenný kurz)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9B%D0%B8" title="Паритет куповне моћи – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Паритет куповне моћи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasaimbangan_Kamampuh_Balanja" title="Kasaimbangan Kamampuh Balanja – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kasaimbangan Kamampuh Balanja" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6pkraftsparitet" title="Köpkraftsparitet – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Köpkraftsparitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="கொள்வனவு ஆற்றல் சமநிலை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொள்வனவு ஆற்றல் சமநிலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD" title="ภาวะเสมอภาคของอำนาจซื้อ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาวะเสมอภาคของอำนาจซื้อ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapantayan_ng_lakas_ng_pagbili" title="Kapantayan ng lakas ng pagbili – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kapantayan ng lakas ng pagbili" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C4%B1n_alma_g%C3%BCc%C3%BC_paritesi" title="Satın alma gücü paritesi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Satın alma gücü paritesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Сатып алу мөмкинчелеге паритеты – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сатып алу мөмкинчелеге паритеты" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96" title="Паритет купівельної спроможності – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Паритет купівельної спроможності" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="مساوی قوت خرید – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مساوی قوت خرید" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xarid_qobiliyati_pariteti" title="Xarid qobiliyati pariteti – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xarid qobiliyati pariteti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%A9c_mua_t%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_%C4%91%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Sức mua tương đương – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sức mua tương đương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsukolsukol_han_kakusog_han_pamalit" title="Pagsukolsukol han kakusog han pamalit – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagsukolsukol han kakusog han pamalit" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7" title="购买力平价 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="购买力平价" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B8%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ჸიდირიშ უნარიშ პარიტეტი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჸიდირიშ უნარიშ პარიტეტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%A5%E2%B4%B9%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%96%E2%B5%89" title="ⵜⴰⴽⵙⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵖⵉ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⴽⵙⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵖⵉ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%BC%E8%B2%B7%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E5%83%B9" title="購買力平價 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="購買力平價" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82135#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-2e0230c1" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-title" data-noteta-code="zh-hans:购买力平价; zh-hant:購買力平價;"></div><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Economics"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:巨无霸; zh-tw:大麥克; zh-hant:巨無霸;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:巨无霸指数; zh-tw:大麥克指數; zh-hant:巨無霸指數;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh:水準; zh-cn:水平; zh-tw:水準; zh-hk:水平;"></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GDP_(PPP)_by_country.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/GDP_%28PPP%29_by_country.svg/500px-GDP_%28PPP%29_by_country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/GDP_%28PPP%29_by_country.svg/750px-GDP_%28PPP%29_by_country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/GDP_%28PPP%29_by_country.svg/1000px-GDP_%28PPP%29_by_country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>2022年世界各国PPP（购买力平价）地图 (IMF)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>购买力平价</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Purchasing power parity</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%A9%E5%86%99" class="mw-redirect" title="缩写">缩写</a><span lang="en"><b>PPP</b></span>），是一种根據各国不同的价格水平，计算出<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="货币">货币</a>之间的等值系数，使我们能够在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="经济学">经济学</a>上对各国的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">国内生产总值</a>进行合理比较，但这种理论汇率与实际<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%87%E7%8E%87" title="汇率">汇率</a>可能有很大的差距。购买力平价计算单位为<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="国际元">国际元</a></b>（<span lang="en">international dollar</span>，缩写：<b>Intl.$</b>）或称作“<b>国际货币单位</b>”（<span lang="en">international currency unit</span>，缩写：<b>ICU</b>）。购买力平价是以<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>为基础，即1美元在美国的购买力为参考基数；故1国际元在個別國家的購買力等于1美元在美国的购买力，因此很多情况下，购买力平价直接使用US$计价。 </p><p>该理论指出，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%96%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="对外贸易">对外贸易</a>平衡的情况下，两国之间的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%87%E7%8E%87" title="汇率">汇率</a>将会趋近于购买力平价。一般来讲，这个指标要根据相对于经济的重要性，需考察许多货物价格才能得出。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概述"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.BF.B0"></span>概述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Big_Mac_hamburger_-_Japan_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Big_Mac_hamburger_-_Japan_%283%29.jpg/220px-Big_Mac_hamburger_-_Japan_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Big_Mac_hamburger_-_Japan_%283%29.jpg/330px-Big_Mac_hamburger_-_Japan_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Big_Mac_hamburger_-_Japan_%283%29.jpg/440px-Big_Mac_hamburger_-_Japan_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>巨无霸漢堡在世界普及程度高且品質相對一致</figcaption></figure> <p>购买力平价汇率对于比较不同国家之间的生活水平较精准。现行的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%87%E7%8E%87" title="汇率">货币汇率</a>对于比较各国人民的生活水平将会产生误导。例如，如果<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E6%AF%94%E7%B4%A2" title="墨西哥比索">墨西哥比索</a>相对于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>贬值一半，那么以美元为单位的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">国内生产总值</a>也将减半。可是，这并不表明墨西哥人变穷了。如果以比索为单位的收入和价格水平保持不变，而且<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="进出口">进出口</a>货物在对墨西哥人的生活水平并不重要，那么货币贬值并不会带来墨西哥人的生活品质的恶化。如果采用购买力平价就可以避免这个问题。 </p><p>一个测量购买力平价的简单例子就是由《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA" title="经济学人">经济学人</a>》杂志所创的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E7%84%A1%E9%9C%B8%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8" title="巨無霸指數">巨無霸指數</a>。该指标将各国的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%8A%B3" title="麦当劳">麦当劳</a>分店的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E6%BC%A2%E5%A0%A1" title="大麥克漢堡">巨无霸</a>销售价格进行了比较：如果一个巨无霸在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>的价格是4<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>，而在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>是3<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E9%95%91" title="英镑">英镑</a>，那么<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E9%95%91" title="英镑">英镑</a>的购买力平价汇率就是3英镑=4<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>。假如在这个例子中<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>和英镑的汇率是1:1，那么根据购买力平价理论，以后的真实汇率将会向购买力平价汇率靠拢。除了大麥克漢堡，<a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B" title="星巴克">星巴克</a>咖啡等商品也曾做為购买力平价的測量之用<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="對此理論的批評"><span id=".E5.B0.8D.E6.AD.A4.E7.90.86.E8.AB.96.E7.9A.84.E6.89.B9.E8.A9.95"></span>對此理論的批評</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：對此理論的批評"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>假定所有国家的商品<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B7%E6%A0%BC" title="价格">价格</a>相等是错误的。不同国家的人对于同一种<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E8%B2%A8" title="財貨">財貨</a>的估价是不同的。例如一种在甲国是奢侈品的財貨，在另一个国家乙國可能是普通的日常用品。而购买力平价不考虑这种情况。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%87%E7%8E%87" title="汇率">汇率</a>表示本国货币此刻在另一个国家的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="购买力">购买力</a>，而购买力平价汇率跟能在另一国购买多少东西无关。 </p><p>多数数据来源都不提供计算购买力平价所用的財貨，所以在统计学上具有欺骗性——例如：可透過精心的选择所用的商品获得对某国有利或者不利的结果。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="貿易障礙"><span id=".E8.B2.BF.E6.98.93.E9.9A.9C.E7.A4.99"></span>貿易障礙</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：貿易障礙"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>購買力平價背後的機制，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%83%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="一價定律">單一價格法則</a>並非完全有效。運輸成本和貿易管制會產生額外成本，造成跨國市場間的物價差異，切斷匯率以及物價間的聯繫。 </p><p>服務業以及營造業的產出無法跨國流通，此類不可貿易物造成了購買力平價的偏差，他們的價格由地方的供需決定，如果地方的不可貿易物的價格提高，所屬貨幣的購買力會下降。<sup id="cite_ref-Krugman_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krugman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="和生活水平的關係"><span id=".E5.92.8C.E7.94.9F.E6.B4.BB.E6.B0.B4.E5.B9.B3.E7.9A.84.E9.97.9C.E4.BF.82"></span>和生活水平的關係</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：和生活水平的關係"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>即使使用正确的购买力平价，人均国内生产总值也只能表明一个国家经济的整体产出值，而不能直接作为普通人的生活水平的尺度。其它的指标，如<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8F%E5%AE%85" title="住宅">住宅</a>和校舍的品质、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1" title="公共服务">公共服务</a>的品质和水平、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="污染">污染</a>程度、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E8%80%85" title="消费者">消费者</a>保护法的力度等等，很难测定，并且未在国民生产总值中反映出来。所以即使是用购买力平价调整过的人均国民生产总值也要谨慎使用，因为它只是生活品質的众多标准之一。事实上生活水平有时很少被购买力平价所影响。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关条目"><span 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class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">吳姝叡. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.tvbs.com.tw/life/1505554">「大麥克指數」低估台灣匯率！　星巴克、iPhone也不適合當指標</a>. TVBS. 2021-05-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-06-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107092226/https://news.tvbs.com.tw/life/1505554">存档</a>于2022-01-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%E3%80%8D%E4%BD%8E%E4%BC%B0%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8C%AF%E7%8E%87%EF%BC%81%E3%80%80%E6%98%9F%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B%E3%80%81iPhone%E4%B9%9F%E4%B8%8D%E9%81%A9%E5%90%88%E7%95%B6%E6%8C%87%E6%A8%99&rft.au=%E5%90%B3%E5%A7%9D%E5%8F%A1&rft.date=2021-05-08&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.tvbs.com.tw%2Flife%2F1505554&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krugman-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Krugman_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Krugman and Obstfeld. International Economics. Pearson Education, Inc. 2009: 394–395.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7&rft.au=Krugman+and+Obstfeld&rft.btitle=International+Economics&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=394-395&rft.pub=Pearson+Education%2C+Inc.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/markets/Bigmac/index.cfm">巨無霸指數</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA" title="经济学人">经济学人</a>》杂志. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2004-02-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070406174949/http://www.economist.com/markets/Bigmac/Index.cfm">存档</a>于2007-04-06） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7&rft.atitle=%E5%B7%A8%E7%84%A1%E9%9C%B8%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA%E3%80%8B%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fmarkets%2FBigmac%2Findex.cfm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/countries/">各国经济情况通报</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA" title="经济学人">经济学人</a>》杂志. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2004-02-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090713132213/http://www.economist.com/countries/">存档</a>于2009-07-13） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span 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href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%80%BB%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="加总问题">加总问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E7%AE%97%E9%9B%86" title="预算集">预算集</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E8%80%85%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="消费者理论">消费者理论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凸性 (經濟學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Convexity in economics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%B8%E6%80%A7_(%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凸性 (經濟學)（页面不存在）">凸性 (經濟學)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convexity_in_economics" class="extiw" title="en:Convexity in economics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Convexity in economics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="經濟成本">經濟成本</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="平均成本" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Average cost"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平均成本（页面不存在）">平均成本</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_cost" class="extiw" title="en:Average cost"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Average cost</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%99%85%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="边际成本">边际成本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="机会成本">机会成本</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社會成本" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Social cost"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="社会成本">社會成本</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_cost" class="extiw" title="en:Social cost"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Social cost</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E6%B2%A1%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="沉没成本">沉没成本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%88%90%E6%9C%AC" title="交易成本">交易成本</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="損益分析" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cost–benefit analysis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%90%8D%E7%9B%8A%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="損益分析（页面不存在）">損益分析</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost%E2%80%93benefit_analysis" class="extiw" title="en:Cost–benefit analysis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cost–benefit analysis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E8%B0%93%E6%8D%9F%E5%A4%B1" title="无谓损失">无谓损失</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="分配" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Distribution (economics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分配（页面不存在）">分配</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(economics)" class="extiw" title="en:Distribution (economics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Distribution (economics)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="规模经济">规模经济</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="範圍經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economies of scope"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AF%84%E5%9C%8D%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="範圍經濟（页面不存在）">範圍經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_scope" class="extiw" title="en:Economies of scope"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economies of scope</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E6%80%A7_(%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6)" title="弹性 (经济学)">弹性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%9D%87%E8%A1%A1" title="經濟均衡">經濟均衡</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E5%9D%87%E8%A1%A1%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="一般均衡理论">一般均衡理论</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E6%80%A7" title="外部性">外部性</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="企业理论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theory of the firm"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="企业理论（页面不存在）">企业理论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_the_firm" class="extiw" title="en:Theory of the firm"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theory of the firm</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="商品与服务" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Goods and services"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E4%B8%8E%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="商品与服务（页面不存在）">商品与服务</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goods_and_services" class="extiw" title="en:Goods and services"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Goods and services</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="商品">商品</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1" title="服务">服务</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%B7%AE%E5%BC%82%E6%9B%B2%E7%BA%BF" title="无差异曲线">无差异曲线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%81%AF" title="利息">利息</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="跨期选择" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Intertemporal choice"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E6%9C%9F%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="跨期選擇">跨期选择</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertemporal_choice" class="extiw" title="en:Intertemporal choice"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Intertemporal choice</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA" title="市场">市场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E5%A4%B1%E7%81%B5" title="市场失灵">市场失灵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F" title="市场形式">市场形式</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="市场竞争" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Competition (economics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E7%AB%9E%E4%BA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="市场竞争（页面不存在）">市场竞争</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_(economics)" class="extiw" title="en:Competition (economics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Competition (economics)</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD%E6%80%A7%E7%AB%9E%E4%BA%89" title="垄断性竞争">垄断性竞争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8C%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%9E%E4%BA%89" title="完全竞争">完全竞争</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="垄断">垄断</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E8%BE%B9%E5%AF%A1%E5%A4%B4%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD" title="双边寡头垄断">双边寡头垄断</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD" title="买方垄断">买方垄断</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A1%E9%A0%AD%E5%A3%9F%E6%96%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="寡頭壟斷">寡頭壟斷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%AF%A1%E5%A4%B4%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD" title="买方寡头垄断">买方寡头垄断</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非凸性 (经济学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Non-convexity (economics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E5%87%B8%E6%80%A7_(%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非凸性 (经济学)（页面不存在）">非凸性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-convexity_(economics)" class="extiw" title="en:Non-convexity (economics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Non-convexity (economics)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%B4%AF%E6%89%98%E6%9C%80%E4%BC%98" class="mw-redirect" title="帕累托最优">帕累托最优</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E5%A5%BD_(%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8)" title="偏好 (經濟學)">偏好</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B7%E6%A0%BC" title="价格">价格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E9%9B%86" title="生產集">生產集</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%B6%A6_(%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6)" class="mw-redirect" title="利润 (经济学)">利润</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81" title="公共物品">公共物品</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%B6%A6%E7%8E%87" title="利润率">利润率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%B5%A6%E5%88%B6" title="配給制">配給制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E7%A7%9F" title="經濟租">經濟租</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%8A%A5%E9%85%AC" title="规模报酬">规模报酬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E9%99%A9%E5%8E%8C%E6%81%B6" title="风险厌恶">风险厌恶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E7%BC%BA%E6%80%A7" title="稀缺性">稀缺性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E7%9F%AD%E7%BC%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟短缺">經濟短缺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%89%A9%E9%A4%98" title="經濟剩餘">經濟剩餘</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会选择理论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Social choice theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="社會選擇理論">社会选择理论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_choice_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Social choice theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Social choice theory</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E7%BB%99%E5%92%8C%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="供给和需求">供给和需求</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" title="贸易">贸易</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%A1%AE%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7" title="不确定性">不确定性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8" title="效用">效用</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="预期效用假说">预期效用假说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%99%85%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8" title="边际效用">边际效用</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC" title="价值">价值</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E8%B5%84" title="工资">工资</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8F%E8%A7%82%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="宏观经济学">宏观经济学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82" title="總需求">總需求</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E4%BE%9B%E7%BB%99" title="总供给">总供给</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%94%B6%E6%94%AF" title="国际收支">国际收支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E6%B0%A3%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="景氣循環">商业周期</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%89%A9%E5%BC%A0" title="经济扩张">经济扩张</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%8D%B1%E6%9C%BA" title="金融危机">金融危机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E8%A1%B0%E9%80%80" title="经济衰退">经济衰退</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E8%90%A7%E6%9D%A1" title="经济萧条">经济萧条</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%BE%A9%E7%94%A6" title="經濟復甦">經濟復甦</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="產能利用率" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Capacity utilization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%A2%E8%83%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="產能利用率（页面不存在）">產能利用率</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacity_utilization" class="extiw" title="en:Capacity utilization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Capacity utilization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%96%E9%80%83" class="mw-redirect" title="資本外逃">資本外逃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="中央银行">中央银行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E8%80%85%E4%BF%A1%E5%BF%83" title="消費者信心">消費者信心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8" title="通貨">通貨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%B4%A7%E8%86%A8%E8%83%80" title="通货膨胀">通货膨胀</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%B6%E6%80%A7%E9%80%9A%E8%B4%A7%E8%86%A8%E8%83%80" title="恶性通货膨胀">恶性通货膨胀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%A9%E6%B0%B4%E5%BC%8F%E9%80%9A%E8%B4%A7%E8%86%A8%E8%83%80" title="缩水式通货膨胀">缩水式通货膨胀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%9C%E6%BB%AF%E6%80%A7%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8%E8%86%A8%E8%84%B9" title="停滯性通貨膨脹">停滯性通貨膨脹</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%B4%A7%E7%B4%A7%E7%BC%A9" title="通货紧缩">通货紧缩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%80%9A%E8%B4%A7%E8%86%A8%E8%83%80" class="mw-redirect" title="反通货膨胀">反通货膨胀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E5%86%B2%E5%87%BB" title="需求冲击">需求冲击</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%90%A7%E6%9D%A1" title="大萧条">大萧条</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E7%BB%99%E5%86%B2%E5%87%BB" title="供给冲击">供给冲击</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="动态随机一般均衡模型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E5%9D%87%E8%A1%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动态随机一般均衡模型（页面不存在）">动态随机一般均衡模型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_stochastic_general_equilibrium" class="extiw" title="en:Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82" title="有效需求">有效需求</a></li> <li>預期 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E6%80%A7%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F" title="适应性预期">适应性预期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F" title="理性预期">理性预期</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A2%E6%94%BF%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="财政政策">财政政策</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B1%E4%B8%9A%E3%80%81%E5%88%A9%E6%81%AF%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%BA" title="就业、利息和货币通论">就业、利息和货币通论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%A2%9E%E9%95%BF" title="经济增长">经济增长</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="經濟指標" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economic indicator"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%8C%87%E6%A8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="經濟指標（页面不存在）">經濟指標</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_indicator" class="extiw" title="en:Economic indicator"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economic indicator</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%87" title="利率">利率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E8%B5%84" title="投资">投资</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-LM%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="IS-LM模型">IS-LM模型</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国民收入和产出的衡量指标" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Measures of national income and output"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%94%B6%E5%85%A5%E5%92%8C%E4%BA%A7%E5%87%BA%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%A1%E9%87%8F%E6%8C%87%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国民收入和产出的衡量指标（页面不存在）">国民收入和产出的衡量指标</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measures_of_national_income_and_output" class="extiw" title="en:Measures of national income and output"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Measures of national income and output</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宏观经济学模型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Macroeconomic model"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%8F%E8%A7%82%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宏观经济学模型（页面不存在）">宏观经济学模型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroeconomic_model" class="extiw" title="en:Macroeconomic model"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Macroeconomic model</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="貨幣">貨幣</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E6%89%A9%E5%BC%A0" title="货币扩张">货币扩张</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82" title="货币需求">货币需求</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E4%BE%9B%E6%87%89%E9%87%8F" title="貨幣供應量">貨幣供應量</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="货币政策">货币政策</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E9%80%9A%E8%B4%A7%E8%86%A8%E8%83%80%E5%A4%B1%E4%B8%9A%E7%8E%87" title="非加速通货膨胀失业率">非加速通货膨胀失业率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%A0%B8%E7%AE%97" title="国民经济核算">国民经济核算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3" title="价格水平">价格水平</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">购买力平价</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A8%E8%93%84" title="储蓄">储蓄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E6%A5%AD" title="失業">失業</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="数理经济学">数理经济学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E7%BA%A6%E8%AE%BA" title="契约论">契约论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B3%E7%AD%96%E8%AE%BA" title="决策论">决策论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E9%87%8F%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="计量经济学">计量经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%BC%88%E8%AE%BA" title="博弈论">博弈论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="输入-输出模型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Input–output model"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5-%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="输入-输出模型（页面不存在）">输入-输出模型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input%E2%80%93output_model" class="extiw" title="en:Input–output model"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Input–output model</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%90%86%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%AD%B8" title="數理金融學">數理金融學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="机制设计">机制设计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%B1%8C%E5%AD%B8" title="運籌學">運籌學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/JEL%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="JEL分类系统">JEL分类系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="農業經濟學">農業經濟學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="商业经济学">商业经济学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人口经济学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Demographic economics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人口经济学（页面不存在）">人口经济学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic_economics" class="extiw" title="en:Demographic economics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Demographic economics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="发展经济学">发展经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="经济地理学">经济地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="经济史">经济史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="教育经济学">教育经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="工程經濟">工程經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土木工程经济学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Engineering economics (civil engineering)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土木工程经济学（页面不存在）">土木工程经济学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_economics_(civil_engineering)" class="extiw" title="en:Engineering economics (civil engineering)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Engineering economics (civil engineering)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="环境经济学">环境经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="金融經濟學">金融經濟學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="健康经济学">健康经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="产业组织理论">产业组织理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="国际经济学">国际经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="知識經濟">知識經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="勞動經濟學">勞動經濟學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="法律经济学">法律经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="貨幣經濟學">貨幣經濟學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然资源经济学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Natural resource economics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然资源经济学（页面不存在）">自然资源经济学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource_economics" class="extiw" title="en:Natural resource economics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Natural resource economics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="经济规划" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economic planning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="经济规划（页面不存在）">经济规划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_planning" class="extiw" title="en:Economic planning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economic planning</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="经济政策">经济政策</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="公共經濟學">公共經濟學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="公共選擇理論">公共選擇理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="区域经济学">区域经济学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="服务经济学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Service economy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="服务经济学（页面不存在）">服务经济学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_economy" class="extiw" title="en:Service economy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Service economy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="社會經濟學">社會經濟學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="经济社会学">经济社会学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="经济统计学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economic statistics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="经济统计学（页面不存在）">经济统计学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_statistics" class="extiw" title="en:Economic statistics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economic statistics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="运输经济学">运输经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="城市经济学">城市经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%88%A9%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="福利经济学">福利经济学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="经济思想学派">经济思想学派</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%8F%B2" title="经济思想史">经济思想史</a>)</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="美国学派">美国学派</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古代经济思想" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient economic thought"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古代经济思想（页面不存在）">古代经济思想</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_economic_thought" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient economic thought"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient economic thought</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="无政府主义经济学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anarchist economics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="無政府主義經濟學">无政府主义经济学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchist_economics" class="extiw" title="en:Anarchist economics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anarchist economics</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="互利共生论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mutualism (economic theory)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%92%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="互利共生论（页面不存在）">互利共生论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" class="extiw" title="en:Mutualism (economic theory)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mutualism (economic theory)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利經濟學派">奧地利經濟學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="行為經濟學">行為經濟學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="佛教经济学">佛教经济学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="名目主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chartalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8D%E7%9B%AE%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="名目主义（页面不存在）">名目主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartalism" class="extiw" title="en:Chartalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chartalism</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="现代货币理论">现代货币理论</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="芝加哥經濟學派">芝加哥經濟學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="古典经济学">古典经济学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="不均衡宏观经济学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Disequilibrium macroeconomics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E5%9D%87%E8%A1%A1%E5%AE%8F%E8%A7%82%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不均衡宏观经济学（页面不存在）">不均衡宏观经济学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disequilibrium_macroeconomics" class="extiw" title="en:Disequilibrium macroeconomics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Disequilibrium macroeconomics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="生態經濟學">生態經濟學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="演化经济学">演化经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="女性主义经济学">女性主义经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="乔治主义">乔治主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%BB%E6%B5%81%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="非主流經濟學">非主流經濟學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="經濟歷史學派">經濟歷史學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="制度经济学">制度经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="凯恩斯主义经济学">凯恩斯主义经济学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%87%B1%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="新凱恩斯學派">新凱恩斯學派</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="新古典綜合學派">新古典綜合學派</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%85%B4%E5%87%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="新兴凯恩斯学派">新兴凯恩斯学派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%87%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="后凯恩斯学派">后凯恩斯学派</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="貨幣循環理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Monetary circuit theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貨幣循環理論（页面不存在）">貨幣循環理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_circuit_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Monetary circuit theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Monetary circuit theory</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%B5%81%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="主流經濟學">主流經濟學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%AB%96" title="人口論">马尔萨斯人口论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%99%85%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="边际主义">边际主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="马克思主义政治经济学">马克思主义政治经济学</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新马克思主义经济学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neo-Marxian economics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新马克思主义经济学（页面不存在）">新马克思主义经济学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Marxian_economics" class="extiw" title="en:Neo-Marxian economics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neo-Marxian economics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%95%86%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="重商主义">重商主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="新古典經濟學派">新古典經濟學派</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%A1%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="洛桑學派">洛桑學派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%88%88%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="新興古典經濟學派">新興古典經濟學派</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="真实商业周期理论">真实商业周期理论</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="新制度經濟學">新制度經濟學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="重农主义">重农主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="社会主义政治经济学">社会主义政治经济学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="斯德哥爾摩學派">斯德哥爾摩學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E7%B5%A6%E9%9D%A2%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="供給面學派">供給面學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="熱經濟學">熱經濟學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">知名<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="经济学家">经济学家</a><br />和經濟思想家</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E9%AD%81%E5%A5%88" title="弗朗索瓦·魁奈">弗朗索瓦·魁奈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%AF%86" title="亚当·斯密">亚当·斯密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E5%98%89%E5%9B%BE" title="大卫·李嘉图">大卫·李嘉图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="托马斯·罗伯特·马尔萨斯">托马斯·罗伯特·马尔萨斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E6%9D%9C%E8%83%BD" title="范杜能">范杜能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="弗里德里希·李斯特">弗里德里希·李斯特</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BE%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%AF%86%E5%B0%94" title="约翰·斯图尔特·密尔">约翰·斯图尔特·密尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D" title="卡尔·马克思">卡尔·马克思</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E6%96%87%E6%96%AF" title="威廉·斯坦利·杰文斯">威廉·斯坦利·杰文斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB" title="亨利·乔治">亨利·乔治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="里昂·瓦尔拉斯">里昂·瓦尔拉斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94" title="阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔">阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="格奥尔格·弗里德里希·克纳普" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Georg Friedrich Knapp"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%BA%B3%E6%99%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格奥尔格·弗里德里希·克纳普（页面不存在）">格奥尔格·弗里德里希·克纳普</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Friedrich_Knapp" class="extiw" title="en:Georg Friedrich Knapp"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Georg Friedrich Knapp</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%A5%87%E6%B2%83%E6%80%9D" title="弗朗西斯·伊西德罗·埃奇沃思">弗朗西斯·伊西德罗·埃奇沃思</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E7%B4%AF%E6%89%98" title="维尔弗雷多·帕累托">维尔弗雷多·帕累托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E7%B6%AD%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE" title="弗里德里希·馮·維塞爾">弗里德里希·馮·維塞爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="约翰·贝茨·克拉克">约翰·贝茨·克拉克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%B9%C2%B7%E8%8C%83%E4%BC%AF%E5%80%AB" title="托斯丹·范伯倫">托斯丹·范伯倫</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约翰·罗杰斯·康芒斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="John R. Commons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%B0%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E8%8A%92%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰·罗杰斯·康芒斯（页面不存在）">约翰·罗杰斯·康芒斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R._Commons" class="extiw" title="en:John R. Commons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">John R. 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title="哈羅德·霍特林">哈羅德·霍特林</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="米哈尔·卡莱斯基" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Michał Kalecki"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米哈尔·卡莱斯基（页面不存在）">米哈尔·卡莱斯基</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Kalecki" class="extiw" title="en:Michał Kalecki"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Michał Kalecki</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%C2%B7%E6%9C%97%E6%A0%BC" title="奥斯卡·朗格">奥斯卡·R·兰格</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雅各布·马尔沙克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jacob Marschak"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%99%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅各布·马尔沙克（页面不存在）">雅各布·马尔沙克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Marschak" class="extiw" title="en:Jacob Marschak"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jacob Marschak</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A1%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%BB%98%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94" title="贡纳尔·默达尔">贡纳尔·默达尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E9%82%A3" title="阿巴·勒那">阿巴·勒那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7" title="羅伊·哈羅德">羅伊·哈羅德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%80%B6%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95" title="皮耶羅·斯拉法">皮耶羅·斯拉法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E5%85%B9%E6%B6%85%E8%8C%A8" title="西蒙·库兹涅茨">西蒙·库兹涅茨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%8A%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E8%B3%93%E9%81%9C" title="瓊·羅賓遜">瓊·羅賓遜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C2%B7F%C2%B7%E8%88%92%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%AB" title="E·F·舒马赫">E·F·舒马赫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E8%80%B6%E5%85%8B" title="弗里德里希·哈耶克">弗里德里希·哈耶克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·希克斯">约翰·希克斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%9A%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF" title="特亚林·科普曼斯">特亚林·科普曼斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼古拉斯·乔治斯库-洛根" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%93-%E6%B4%9B%E6%A0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼古拉斯·乔治斯库-洛根（页面不存在）">尼古拉斯·乔治斯库-洛根</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Georgescu-Roegen" class="extiw" title="en:Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%88%97%E6%98%82%E5%AD%A3%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB" title="瓦西里·列昂季耶夫">瓦西里·列昂季耶夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="約翰·加爾布雷斯">約翰·加爾布雷斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="海曼·明斯基">海曼·明斯基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E8%B4%BA" title="司马贺">司马贺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E5%88%A9%E6%B0%91" title="米爾頓·佛利民">米尔顿·弗里德曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E7%B9%86%E7%88%BE%E6%A3%AE" title="保羅·薩繆爾森">保羅·薩繆爾森</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97" title="肯尼斯·阿罗">肯尼斯·阿罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E9%AE%91%E8%8E%AB%E7%88%BE" title="威廉·鮑莫爾">威廉·鮑莫爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%8B%E7%91%9E%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B" title="蓋瑞·貝克">蓋瑞·貝克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%8E%89%E8%AF%BA%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86" title="埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆">埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E6%B4%9B" title="罗伯特·索洛">罗伯特·索洛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%A9%AC%E8%92%82%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="阿马蒂亚·库马尔·森">阿马蒂亚·库马尔·森</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF" title="小罗伯特·卢卡斯">小罗伯特·卢卡斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%A8" title="约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨">约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%8B%92" title="理查德·塞勒">理查德·塞勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%AD%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="保羅·克魯曼">保罗·克鲁格曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E7%91%AA%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%8B%E6%8F%90" title="湯瑪斯·皮克提">湯瑪斯·皮克提</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:经济学家">其他</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="国际组织">国际组织</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%AA%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="亚太经济合作组织">亚太经济合作组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="经济合作组织">经济合作组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲自由贸易联盟">欧洲自由贸易联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際貨幣基金組織">國際貨幣基金組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="经济合作与发展组织">经济合作与发展组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="世界银行">世界银行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界贸易组织">世界贸易组织</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:经济学">分类</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:经济学">主題</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="經濟學條目索引" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of economics articles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="經濟學條目索引（页面不存在）">索引</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_economics_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of economics articles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of economics articles</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="列表级条目"><img alt="列表级条目" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Category:經濟列表">列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="经济学大纲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of economics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E7%BA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="经济学大纲（页面不存在）">经济学大纲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_economics" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of economics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of economics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="經濟學重要出版物列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of important publications in economics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="經濟學重要出版物列表（页面不存在）">經濟學重要出版物列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_important_publications_in_economics" class="extiw" title="en:List of important publications in economics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of important publications in economics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Parités de pouvoir d'achat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12036349p">法国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Parités de pouvoir d'achat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12036349p">BnF data</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4163496-2">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550907805171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Purchasing power parity"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85109168">美国</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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