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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Teleostomi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tele%C3%B2stoms" title="Teleòstoms – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teleòstoms" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پیوسته‌دهانان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیوسته‌دهانان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tele%C3%B3stomos" title="Teleóstomos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Teleóstomos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%98" title="진구류 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진구류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="גרמיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרמיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Целоусни – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Целоусни" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%85" title="عظميات الفم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عظميات الفم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Конечноротые – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Конечноротые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96" title="Кінцевороті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кінцевороті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Teleostomi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E5%8F%A3%E7%B1%BB" title="真口类 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Clade of jawed vertebrates</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Teleostomes<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">445–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:69.384615384615px; width:150.61538461538px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:69.384615384615px; width:150.61538461538px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:70.384615384615px; width:148.61538461538px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">Ordovician</a> – <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Present</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Acanthodes_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Acanthodes_BW.jpg/280px-Acanthodes_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Acanthodes_BW.jpg/420px-Acanthodes_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Acanthodes_BW.jpg/560px-Acanthodes_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="303" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">an <a href="/wiki/Acanthodian" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthodian">acanthodian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Osteichthyes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Osteichthyes.jpg/280px-Osteichthyes.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Osteichthyes.jpg/420px-Osteichthyes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Osteichthyes.jpg/560px-Osteichthyes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="948" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Four species of <a href="/wiki/Bony_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Bony fish">bony fish</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Teleostomi" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gnathostomata" title="Gnathostomata">Eugnathostomata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Teleostomi</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Charles Lucien Bonaparte">C. L. Bonaparte</a>, 1836</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subgroups </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Acanthodii" title="Acanthodii">Acanthodii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euteleostomi" title="Euteleostomi">Euteleostomi</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" title="Osteichthyes">Osteichthyes</a>") <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a> (majority of all fish)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcopterygii" title="Sarcopterygii">Sarcopterygii</a> (includes <a href="/wiki/Tetrapods" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrapods">tetrapods</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Teleostomi</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> τελεος, complete + Greek στόμα, mouth) is an <a href="/wiki/List_of_obsolete_taxa" title="List of obsolete taxa">obsolete taxon</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid24067611_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24067611-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Gnathostomata" title="Gnathostomata">jawed vertebrates</a> that supposedly includes the <a href="/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod">tetrapods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" title="Osteichthyes">bony fish</a>, and the wholly extinct <a href="/wiki/Acanthodii" title="Acanthodii">acanthodian</a> fish. Key characters of this group include an <a href="/wiki/Operculum_(fish)" title="Operculum (fish)">operculum</a> and a single pair of respiratory openings, features which were lost or modified in some later representatives. The teleostomes include all jawed vertebrates except the <a href="/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes">chondrichthyans</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Extinction_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinction (biology)">extinct</a> <a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">class</a> <a href="/wiki/Placodermi" class="mw-redirect" title="Placodermi">Placodermi</a>. </p><p>Recent studies indicate that <a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" title="Osteichthyes">Osteichthyes</a> evolved from <a href="/wiki/Placoderms" class="mw-redirect" title="Placoderms">placoderms</a> like <i><a href="/wiki/Entelognathus" title="Entelognathus">Entelognathus</a></i>, while acanthodians are more closely related to modern chondrichthyes. Teleostomi, therefore, is not a valid, natural clade, but a <a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> group of species.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid24067611_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24067611-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The clade Teleostomi should not be confused with the similar-sounding infraclass <a href="/wiki/Teleostei" class="mw-redirect" title="Teleostei">Teleostei</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teleostomi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origins of the teleostomes are obscure. They are traditionally assumed to be descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Acanthodian" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthodian">Acanthodians</a> ("spiny sharks") from the <a href="/wiki/Llandovery_epoch" class="mw-redirect" title="Llandovery epoch">Early Silurian</a> Period; however, more recent discoveries show that the "spiny sharks" are actually a paraphyletic assemblage leading to <a href="/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes">Chondrichthyes</a>, and that placoderms like <i><a href="/wiki/Entelognathus" title="Entelognathus">Entelognathus</a></i> are more closely related to true bony fish.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid24067611_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24067611-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Living teleostomes constitute the clade <a href="/wiki/Euteleostomi" title="Euteleostomi">Euteleostomi</a>, which includes all osteichthyans and tetrapods. Even after the acanthodians perished at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a>, their euteleostome relatives flourished such that today they comprise 99% of living vertebrate species. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_characteristics">Physical characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teleostomi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Physical characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Teleostomes have two major adaptations that relate to <a href="/wiki/Aquatic_respiration" title="Aquatic respiration">aquatic respiration</a>. First, the early teleostomes probably had some type of <a href="/wiki/Operculum_(fish)" title="Operculum (fish)">operculum</a>; however, it was not the one-piece affair of living <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>. The development of a single respiratory opening seems to have been an important step. The second adaptation, the teleostomes also developed a primitive lung with the ability to use some atmospheric <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>. This developed, in later species, into the lung and (later) the swim bladder, used to keep the fish at neutral buoyancy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Acanthodians share with <a href="/wiki/Actinopterygians" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinopterygians">Actinopterygians</a> the characteristic of three <a href="/wiki/Otolith" title="Otolith">otoliths</a>, the sagitta in the sacculus, the asteriscus in the lagena, and the lapillus in the utriculus. In dipnoans there are only two otoliths and in <i>Latimeria</i> there is only one.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, most of the above synapomorphies can ultimately be found in several chondrichthyan groups.<sup id="cite_ref-ozarcus_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ozarcus-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationships">Relationships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teleostomi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Relationships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> <a href="/wiki/Gnathostomata" title="Gnathostomata">Gnathostomata</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="border-left:none;border-right:none;border-bottom:3px double;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> †<a href="/wiki/Placodermi" class="mw-redirect" title="Placodermi">Placodermi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> <a href="/wiki/Eugnathostomata" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugnathostomata">Eugnathostomata</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> <a href="/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes">Chondrichthyes</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes">Chondrichthyes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crown_group" title="Crown group">crown group</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:3px double;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid green;border-bottom:0;border-top:2px solid green;"> <p> †<a href="/wiki/Acanthodii" title="Acanthodii">Acanthodii</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="border-right:none;border-left:none;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">(<a href="/wiki/Total_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Total group">total group</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" title="Osteichthyes">Osteichthyes</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid green;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid green;border-bottom:2px solid green;border-top:0;"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Sarcopterygii" title="Sarcopterygii">Sarcopterygii</a> (includes <a href="/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod">tetrapods</a>)  </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative;margin-top:0.742em;height:10.6em;width:0em"> <div style="position:absolute;top:6.48em;color:green;white-space:nowrap"><b>Teleostomi</b></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teleostomi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pmid24067611-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid24067611_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid24067611_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid24067611_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZhuYuAhlbergChoo2013" class="citation journal cs1">Zhu M, Yu X, Ahlberg PE, Choo B, Lu J, Qiao T, Qu Q, Zhao W, Jia L, Blom H, Zhu Y (October 2013). "A Silurian placoderm with osteichthyan-like marginal jaw bones". <i>Nature</i>. <b>502</b> (7470): 188–93. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Natur.502..188Z">2013Natur.502..188Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature12617">10.1038/nature12617</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24067611">24067611</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4462506">4462506</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=A+Silurian+placoderm+with+osteichthyan-like+marginal+jaw+bones&rft.volume=502&rft.issue=7470&rft.pages=188-93&rft.date=2013-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature12617&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4462506%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24067611&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013Natur.502..188Z&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Yu%2C+X&rft.au=Ahlberg%2C+PE&rft.au=Choo%2C+B&rft.au=Lu%2C+J&rft.au=Qiao%2C+T&rft.au=Qu%2C+Q&rft.au=Zhao%2C+W&rft.au=Jia%2C+L&rft.au=Blom%2C+H&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeleostomi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nelson-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nelson_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2006" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). <i>Fishes of the World</i>. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-25031-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-25031-7"><bdi>0-471-25031-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fishes+of+the+World&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-471-25031-7&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Joseph%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeleostomi" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ozarcus-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ozarcus_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPradelMaiseyTafforeauMapes2014" class="citation journal cs1">Pradel A, Maisey JG, Tafforeau P, Mapes RH, Mallatt J (May 2014). "A Palaeozoic shark with osteichthyan-like branchial arches". <i>Nature</i>. <b>509</b> (7502): 608–11. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Natur.509..608P">2014Natur.509..608P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature13195">10.1038/nature13195</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24739974">24739974</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3504437">3504437</a>.</cite><span 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Teleostomi</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134681" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q134681">Q134681</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=218957">218957</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Antennarius_striatus.jpg/21px-Antennarius_striatus.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Antennarius_striatus.jpg/32px-Antennarius_striatus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Antennarius_striatus.jpg/42px-Antennarius_striatus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="209" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fish" title="Portal:Fish">Fish</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teleostomi&oldid=1253509800">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teleostomi&oldid=1253509800</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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taxa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a 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