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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Catholic+temperance+movement%22">"Catholic temperance movement"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Catholic+temperance+movement%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Catholic+temperance+movement%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Catholic+temperance+movement%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Catholic+temperance+movement%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Catholic+temperance+movement%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rev_J_Carroll_Catholic_abs.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rev_J_Carroll_Catholic_abs.JPG/220px-Rev_J_Carroll_Catholic_abs.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rev_J_Carroll_Catholic_abs.JPG/330px-Rev_J_Carroll_Catholic_abs.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rev_J_Carroll_Catholic_abs.JPG/440px-Rev_J_Carroll_Catholic_abs.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3195" data-file-height="4261" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Total_Abstinence_Union_Fountain" title="Catholic Total Abstinence Union Fountain">The Catholic Total Abstinence Centennial Fountain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fairmount_Park" title="Fairmount Park">Fairmount Park</a> was dedicated on 4 July 1876, following a parade of more than 5,000 and a <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul_(Philadelphia)" title="Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul (Philadelphia)">Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gasparini2002_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gasparini2002-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Catholic involvement in the temperance movement</b> has been very strong since at least the nineteenth century, with a number of specifically <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> societies formed to <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">encourage moderation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">total abstinence from alcohol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blair1888_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blair1888-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Ireland, the priest <a href="/wiki/Theobald_Mathew_(temperance_reformer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theobald Mathew (temperance reformer)">Theobald Mathew</a> persuaded thousands of people to sign the temperance pledge, therefore, establishing the <a href="/wiki/Teetotal_Abstinence_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Teetotal Abstinence Society">Teetotal Abstinence Society</a> in 1838,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAugustine191147_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAugustine191147-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which would later be renamed the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Father_Mathew" title="Knights of Father Mathew">Knights of Father Mathew</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/League_of_the_Cross" title="League of the Cross">League of the Cross</a> was a Catholic total abstinence <a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">confraternity</a> founded in 1873 by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Henry_Edward_Manning" title="Henry Edward Manning">Henry Edward Manning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELieseKeatingShanley1912489_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieseKeatingShanley1912489-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Plenary_Councils_of_Baltimore" title="Plenary Councils of Baltimore">Plenary Councils of Baltimore</a> declared:<sup id="cite_ref-Blair1888_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blair1888-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Let the exeretions of Catholic temperance societies meet with hearty co-operation of pastor and people, and they will go farr towards strangling the emonstrous evil of intemperance. Pastoral Lettere, Acta, p. xciii. The misuse of intoxicating drinks is certainly one of the most deplorable evils of our age and country. Intemperance is a constant source of sin and a copious fountain of misery. It has brought to utter ruin countless multitudes and entire families, and has precipitated into eternal perdition very many souls. All should, therefore, be exhorted, by the love of God and country, to bend every energy to the extirpation of this baleful evil. To the clergy, to whom God has given the office of breaking unto men the Bread of Life and training them in Christian morality, we chiefly look for helpers in this great work. Let them never cease to raise their voices against drunkenness and the causes and occasions of it, especially in giving spiritual missions to the people.<sup id="cite_ref-Blair1888_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blair1888-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a>, on 27 March 1887, commended the work of the <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance movement</a>, especially the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Total_Abstinence_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Total Abstinence Union">Catholic Total Abstinence Union</a>, "esteem[ing] worthy of all commendation the noble resolve of your pious associations, by which they pledge themselves to abstain totally from every kind of intoxicating drinks."<sup id="cite_ref-McGovern1903_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGovern1903-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> James Joseph McGovern wrote that Leo XIII supported total abstinence during his long Pontificate", giving "unqualified encouragement to Cardinal Manning who labored most zealously for the suppreession of the liquor traffic that was so demoralizing to the working classes in England."<sup id="cite_ref-McGovern1903_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGovern1903-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1898, <a href="/wiki/James_Cullen_(PTAA)" title="James Cullen (PTAA)">James Cullen</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Total_Abstinence_Association" title="Pioneer Total Abstinence Association">Pioneer Total Abstinence Association</a> in response to the fading influence of the original temperance pledge and this organisation remains active to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELieseKeatingShanley1912489_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieseKeatingShanley1912489-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1911, <i>The Michigan Catholic</i> implored the faithful: “Vote for the saloon if you want future generations to be shriveled, bloodless, prematurely decayed creatures. … Vote against the saloon if you wish to build up a race of giant, healthy manhood and glorious womanhood.”<sup id="cite_ref-Lyons2018_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lyons2018-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_temperance_movement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/48px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/64px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">Temperance movement</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_temperance_movement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_temperance_movement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gasparini2002-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gasparini2002_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGasparini2002" class="citation book cs1">Gasparini, Daria A. (2002). <i>A celebration of moral force : the Catholic Total Abstinence Union of America Centennial Fountain</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>. p. 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+celebration+of+moral+force+%3A+the+Catholic+Total+Abstinence+Union+of+America+Centennial+Fountain&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Gasparini&rft.aufirst=Daria+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+temperance+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blair1888-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blair1888_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blair1888_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blair1888_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlair1888" class="citation book cs1">Blair, Henry William (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/temperancemoveme01blai"><i>The Temperance Movement</i></a>. W.E. Smythe. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/temperancemoveme01blai/page/472">472</a>-485.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Temperance+Movement&rft.pages=472-485&rft.pub=W.E.+Smythe&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Henry+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftemperancemoveme01blai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+temperance+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAugustine191147-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAugustine191147_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAugustine1911">Augustine 1911</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELieseKeatingShanley1912489-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELieseKeatingShanley1912489_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELieseKeatingShanley1912489_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLieseKeatingShanley1912">Liese, Keating & Shanley 1912</a>, p. 489.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGovern1903-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McGovern1903_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGovern1903_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGovern1903" class="citation book cs1">McGovern, James Joseph (1903). <i>The Life and Life-work of Pope Leo XIII</i>. Monarch Book Company. pp. 393–394.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Life-work+of+Pope+Leo+XIII&rft.pages=393-394&rft.pub=Monarch+Book+Company&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=McGovern&rft.aufirst=James+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+temperance+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141450/http://www.pioneerassociation.ie/index.php/who-we-are/4-history">"Who We Are: Our History"</a>. Dublin: Pioneer Total Abstinence Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pioneerassociation.ie/index.php/who-we-are/4-history">the original</a> on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+We+Are%3A+Our+History&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Pioneer+Total+Abstinence+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pioneerassociation.ie%2Findex.php%2Fwho-we-are%2F4-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+temperance+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lyons2018-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lyons2018_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyons2018" class="citation web cs1">Lyons, Mickey (30 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hourdetroit.com/Hour-Detroit/May-2018/Dry-Times-Looking-Back-100-Years-After-Prohibition/'">"Dry Times: Looking Back 100 Years After Prohibition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hour_Detroit" title="Hour Detroit">Hour Detroit</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dry+Times%3A+Looking+Back+100+Years+After+Prohibition&rft.pub=Hour+Detroit&rft.date=2018-04-30&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=Mickey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hourdetroit.com%2FHour-Detroit%2FMay-2018%2FDry-Times-Looking-Back-100-Years-After-Prohibition%2F%27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+temperance+movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_temperance_movement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAugustine1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Augustine, Father (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Theobald Mathew"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Theobald_Mathew">"Theobald Mathew" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Charles_George_Herbermann" title="Charles George Herbermann">Herbermann, Charles G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Pace" title="Edward A. Pace">Pace, Edward A.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Benoist_Pallen" title="Condé Benoist Pallen">Pallen, Condé B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Joseph_Shahan" title="Thomas Joseph Shahan">Shahan, Thomas J.</a>; Wynne, John J. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 10. New York: Encyclopedia Press (published 1913). pp. 47–48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theobald+Mathew&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=47-48&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Augustine&rft.aufirst=Father&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+temperance+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLieseKeatingShanley1912" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Liese, Wilhelm; Keating, Joseph; Shanley, Walter J. (1912). "Temperance Movements". In <a href="/wiki/Charles_George_Herbermann" title="Charles George Herbermann">Herbermann, Charles G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Pace" title="Edward A. Pace">Pace, Edward A.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Benoist_Pallen" title="Condé Benoist Pallen">Pallen, Condé B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Joseph_Shahan" title="Thomas Joseph Shahan">Shahan, Thomas J.</a>; Wynne, John J. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 14. New York: Encyclopedia Press (published 1913). pp. 482–493.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Temperance+Movements&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=482-493&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Press&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Liese&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm&rft.au=Keating%2C+Joseph&rft.au=Shanley%2C+Walter+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+temperance+movement" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>–related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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