Hofstadter, Robert, 1915-1990

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8"></meta> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"></meta><script src="https://cmp.osano.com/Azytm7SGW0qsW1JZP/e3ca91f6-0b04-4bcb-aa58-792b2bd5c1bc/osano.js"></script><script src="https://bc.aip.org/script.js"></script><script src="https://ww2.aip.org/osano-bc.js"></script><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K9S7D3L');</script><title>Hofstadter, Robert, 1915-1990</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"></link> <link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"></link>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="only screen and (max-width: 1024px)" href="eac-cpf-mobile.css"></link> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen and (min-width: 1025px)" href="eac-cpf-screen.css"></link> <link rel="canonical" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11601013.html"></link> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,300,300italic,400italic,600,600italic,700,700italic,800,800italic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"></link> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Condensed:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i" rel="stylesheet"></link><script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script></head> <body> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-K9S7D3L" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div class="wrapper"> <script> $( document ).ready(function() { $(".burger").click(function(){ $(".left_col").slideToggle(); $(".right_col").slideToggle(); }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-2326461-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> <script src="https://bc.aip.org/script.js"></script> <div class="header" name="top"> <a href="http://www.aip.org"><img src="AIP-Logo.png" /></a> <a href="#" class="burger">Menu ☰</a> <a href="#top"><div id="back-to-top">Back to Top</div></a> </div> <div class="bread_crumbs"> <a href="https://www.aip.org">Home</a> <a href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs">History Programs</a> <a href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library">Niels Bohr Library & Archives</a> <a href="index.html">Physics History Network</a> <a href="people.html">People</a> </div> <div class="top-spacer"></div> <div class="left_col"> <h1>Physics History Network</h1> Over 1000 biographies of physicists and histories of institutions with information pertaining to their lives, careers, and research. <form method="get" action="https://history.aip.org/acapsearch/search_acap.jsp" id="search_box"> <input type="text" name="q" id="input" placeholder="Search Physics History Network" required /> <input type="hidden" name="bh"> <input type="hidden" name="sortby" value="relevance"> <input type="submit" value="Search" alt="Search" name="sa" id="button" /> </form> Tip: Search within this page by using Ctrl + F or ⌘ + F <h2>Search Our Catalogs</h2> <a href="https://aip.ipac.sirsidynix.net/ipac20/ipac.jsp?profile=rev-icos&menu=search">Archives</a> <a href="https://aip.ipac.sirsidynix.net/ipac20/ipac.jsp?profile=rev-nbl&menu=search">Books</a> <h2>Collections</h2> <a href="https://photos.aip.org/">Emilio Segré Visual Archives</a> <a href="https://repository.aip.org/">Digital Collections</a> <a href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories">Oral Histories</a> <a href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/archival-finding-aids">Archival Finding Aids</a> <a href="https://history.aip.org/phn/">Physics History Network</a> <a href="https://history.aip.org/society-portals/">Member Society Portals</a> <a href="https://aip.libwizard.com/id/5ccaba9f5711d491417a1a6db5d705a2">Ethical Cataloging Statement</a> <h2>Preservation and Support </h2> <a href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/donating-materials">Donating Materials</a> <a href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/suggest-a-book-purchase">Suggest a Book Purchase</a> <a href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/saving-archival-collections">Saving Archival Collections</a> <a href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/grants-archives">Grants to Archives</a> <a href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/documentation-projects">Documentation Projects</a> <a href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/history-newsletter">History Newsletters</a> <h2>Center for History of Physics</h2> <a href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/physics-history">Scholarship & Outreach</a> </div> <div class="right_col"> <h1>Main Navigation</h1><a href="index.html">Home</a><a href="about.html">About</a><a href="topic-guides.html">Topic Guides</a><a href="feedback.html" target="_blank">Feedback</a><h1>Table of Contents</h1> <h2>Biography</h2><a href="#abstract">Abstract</a><a href="#important-dates">Important Dates</a><a href="#occupation">Occupation</a><a href="#places">Places</a><a href="#subjects">Subjects</a><h2>Relationships</h2><a href="#people">People</a><ul> <li><a href="#per-per-family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="#per-per-advisors">Advisors & Collaborators</a></li> <li><a href="#per-per-colleagues">Colleagues</a></li> <li><a href="#per-per-additional">Additional</a></li> </ul><a href="#institutions">Institutions</a><ul> <li><a href="#per-corp-positions">Major Positions</a></li> <li><a href="#per-corp-professional">Professional Activites & Affiliations</a></li> </ul> <h2>Resources</h2><a href="#ar-author">Archival as Author</a><a href="#ar-subject">Archival as Subject</a><a href="#pr-author">Published as Author</a><a href="#pr-subject">Published as Subject</a></div> <div class="center_col"> <h1>Robert Hofstadter</h1> <div class="introduction"><img src="Photos/hofstadter_robert_b1.jpg" alt="Photo"></img>Dates February 5, 1915 – November 17, 1990 Authorized Form of Name Hofstadter, Robert, 1915-1990 Additional Forms of Names Hofstadter, R. (Robert), 1915-1990 </div> <h1>Biography</h1> <h2><a name="abstract">Abstract</a></h2> Robert Hofstadter was Emeritus Professor of Physics at Stanford University (1950-1990). Other institutional affiliations include Princeton University and Norden Laboratory Corporation. His research interests included the structure of nucleons and gamma rays. <h2><a name="important-dates">Important Dates</a></h2> February 5, 1915Birth, New York (N.Y.). 1935Obtained BS, College of the City of New York, New York (N.Y.). 1938Obtained MA and PhD Physics, Princeton University, Princeton (N.J.). 1938 – 1939Procter Fellow, Princeton University, Princeton (N.J.). 1939 – 1941Harrison Fellow (1939-1940) and Instructor in Physics (1940-1941), University of Pennsylvania. 1941 – 1942Instructor, College of the City of New York. 1942 – 1943Physicist, National Bureau of Standards. 1943 – 1946Physicist and Section Chief, Norden Laboratory Corporation. 1946 – 1950Assistant Professor of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton (N.J.). 1950 – 1990Associate Professor to Professor of Physics (1950-1971); Max H. Stein Professor of Physics (1971-1985); and Emeritus Professor of Physics (1985-1990), Stanford University, Stanford (Calif.). 1958Member, National Academy of Sciences. 1961Awarded Nobel Prize in Physics "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons". 1972 – 1980Consultant on laser fusion, KMS Fusion. 1986Awarded National Medal of Science. November 17, 1990Death, Stanford (Calif.). <h2><a name="occupation">Occupation</a></h2> Nuclear physicist. <h2><a name="places">Places</a></h2> <h4>Birth</h4> <a href="Place/NewYorkNY.html">New York (N.Y.)</a> <h4>Undergraduate Education</h4> <a href="Place/NewYorkNY.html">New York (N.Y.)</a> <h4>Graduate Education</h4> <a href="Place/PrincetonNJ.html">Princeton (N.J.)</a> <h4>Employment</h4> <a href="Place/PrincetonNJ.html">Princeton (N.J.)</a> <a href="Place/StanfordCalif.html">Stanford (Calif.)</a> <h4>Death</h4> <a href="Place/StanfordCalif.html">Stanford (Calif.)</a> <h2><a name="subjects">Subjects</a></h2> <a href="Subject/Atomicandmolecularphysics.html">Atomic and molecular physics.</a> <a href="Subject/Electronsscattering.html">Electrons -- scattering.</a> <a href="Subject/Gammarayspectrometry.html">Gamma ray spectrometry.</a> <a href="Subject/Nuclearphysics.html">Nuclear physics.</a> <a href="Subject/ParticlesNuclearphysics.html">Particles (Nuclear physics).</a> <h1>Relationships</h1> <h2><a name="people">People</a></h2> <h3><a name="per-per-family">Family</a></h3> Hofstadter, Douglas, 1945- Son. Hofstadter, George Brother. Hofstadter, Henrietta Koenigsberg Mother. Hofstadter, Laura Daughter. Hofstadter, Louis Father. Hofstadter, Molly Daughter. Hofstadter, Nancy Givan Wife, married in 1942. Hofstadter, Shirley Sister. <h3><a name="per-per-advisors">Advisors & Collaborators</a></h3> Barnes, Robert Bowling, 1906- PhD advisor at Princeton University, "Infrared Absorption by Light and Heavy Formic and Acetic Acids." Note that Hofstadter completed significant portions of PhD without advisor due to Dr. Barnes departing Princeton. <a href="11404002.html">Condon, Edward Uhler, 1902-1974</a> PhD advisor at Princeton University, "Infrared Absorption by Light and Heavy Formic and Acetic Acids." Note that Hofstadter completed significant portions of PhD without advisor due to Dr. Condon departing Princeton. <h3><a name="per-per-colleagues">Colleagues</a></h3> <a href="11408004.html">Adelberger, Eric G.</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11410006.html">Bardeen, William A.</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11410008.html">Bargmann, V. (Valentine), 1908-1989</a> Both employed at Princeton University. <a href="11410016.html">Beasley, Malcolm</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11412015.html">Bjorken, James D.</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11411004.html">Bleakney, Walker, 1901-1992</a> Both employed at Princeton University. <a href="11411017.html">Bloch, Felix, 1905-</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11411013.html">Bohm, David, 1917-1992</a> Both employed at Princeton University. <a href="11412011.html">Bradbury, Norris, 1909-1997</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11412017.html">Briggs, Lyman J. (Lyman James), 1874-1963</a> Both employed at the National Bureau of Standards. <a href="11501004.html">Cabrera, Blas</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11503019.html">Chodorow, Marvin</a> Both employed at City College of New York. <a href="11504002.html">Chu, Steven</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11501018.html">Coblentz, William W. (William Weber), 1873-1962</a> Both employed at the National Bureau of Standards. <a href="11502002.html">Creutz, E.</a> Both employed at Princeton University. <a href="11506028.html">Dicke, Robert H. (Robert Henry)</a> Both employed at Princeton University. <a href="11506031.html">Dorfan, Jonathan</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11506036.html">Drell, Sidney D. (Sidney David), 1926-</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11507003.html">Dryden, Hugh L. (Hugh Latimer), 1898-1965</a> Both employed at the National Bureau of Standards. <a href="11508001.html">Eisenhart, Luther Pfahler, 1876-1965</a> Both employed at Princeton University. <a href="11508015.html">Fairbank, William Martin, 1917-1989</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11509002.html">Fetter, Alexander L., 1937-</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11509031.html">Freedman, Stuart J.</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11509033.html">Friedman, Jerome I. (Jerome Isaac), 1930-</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11510002.html">Frieman, E. A.</a> Both employed at Princeton University. <a href="11503023.html">Glashow, Sheldon L.</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11512011.html">Greene, Christopher Henry</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11504014.html">Hahn, E. L. (Erwin Louis), 1921-</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11710006.html">Hänsch, T. W. (Theo W.), 1941-</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11601002.html">Henley, Ernest M.</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11601014.html">Holstein, Theodore David, 1915-1985</a> Both employed at City College of New York. <a href="11602011.html">Jaffe, Arthur, 1937-</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11603001.html">Kendall, Henry W. (Henry Way), 1926-1999</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11603022.html">Kirkpatrick, Paul</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11603026.html">Klebanoff, P. S.</a> Both employed at the National Bureau of Standards. <a href="11604013.html">Lamb, Willis E. (Willis Eugene), 1913-2008</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11505014.html">Laughlin, Robert B.</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11605013.html">Linde, A. D.</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11606031.html">McLean, William B. (William Burdette), 1914-1976</a> Both employed at the National Bureau of Standards. <a href="11606033.html">Meggers, William F. (William Frederick), 1888-1966</a> Both employed at the National Bureau of Standards. <a href="11606039.html">Meyerhof, Walter E. (Walter Ernst), 1922-</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11607018.html">Neddermeyer, Seth H. (Seth Henry), 1907-1988</a> Both employed at the National Bureau of Standards. <a href="11606010.html">Nelson, Ann E. (Ann Elizabeth)</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11505008.html">Osheroff, Douglas D.</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11607035.html">Pake, G. E. (George Edward)</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11408007.html">Panofsky, Wolfgang K. H. (Wolfgang Kurt Hermann), 1919-2007</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11608030.html">Richter, Burton, 1931-2018</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11605024.html">Robertson, H. P. (Howard Percy), 1903-1961</a> Both employed at Princeton University. <a href="11608036.html">Rosenbluth, M. N.</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11503015.html">Schawlow, Arthur L., 1921-1999</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11503017.html">Schiff, Leonard I. (Leonard Isaac), 1915-1971</a> Both employed at University of Pennsylvania and Stanford University. <a href="11609011.html">Schubauer, Galen B. (Galen Brandt), 1904-</a> Both employed at the National Bureau of Standards. <a href="11601031.html">Schwartz, Melvin, 1932-2006</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11512021.html">Seitz, Frederick, 1911-2008</a> Both employed at University of Pennsylvania. <a href="11609019.html">Shenstone, A. G. (Allen Goodrich)</a> Both employed at Princeton University. <a href="11504012.html">Smith, Neville, 1942-2006</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11503022.html">Smyth, Henry De Wolf, 1898-1986</a> Both employed at Princeton University. <a href="11609032.html">Sprouse, Gene D.</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11609047.html">Susskind, Leonard</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11409024.html">Teller, Edward, 1908-2003</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11610009.html">Terman, Frederick Emmons, 1900-1982</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11610020.html">Turner, Michael Stanley</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11610034.html">Walecka, John Dirk, 1932-</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11404001.html">Webster, David Locke, 1888-1976</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11503001.html">Wheeler, John Archibald, 1911-2008</a> Both employed at Princeton University. <a href="11611009.html">White, Robert M., 1938-</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11611011.html">Wightman, A. S. (Arthur Strong), 1922-2013</a> Both employed at Princeton University. <a href="11502016.html">Wigner, Eugene Paul, 1902-1995</a> Both employed at Princeton University. <a href="11611012.html">Will, Clifford M., 1946-</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11611024.html">Wojcicki, Stanley G., 1937-</a> Both employed at Stanford University. <a href="11611036.html">Zinn, Walter H. (Walter Henry), 1906-2000</a> Both employed at City College of New York. <h3><a name="per-per-additional">Additional</a></h3> Alpher, Ralph, 1921-2007 Cardman, L. S. Gittelman, Bernard, 1932- Herman, Robert, 1914- McIntyre, John Armin, 1920- <a href="11806012.html">Mössbauer, Rudolf L. (Rudolf Ludwig), 1929-</a> Both awarded 1961 Nobel Prize in Physis for separate projects. Rohrlich, F. <a href="11410018.html">Wilson, Robert R., 1914-2000</a> Both employed at Princeton University. <h2><a name="institutions">Institutions</a></h2> <h3><a name="per-corp-positions">Major Positions</a></h3> <a href="21605001.html">College of the City of New York (1926-1961). City College. Physics Department</a> Obtained BS (1935) and Instructor. KMS Fusion, Inc. Consultant on Laser Fusion. Norden Laboratory Corporation Physicist and Section Chief. <a href="21511002.html">Princeton University. Department of Physics</a> Obtained MA and PhD in Physics (1938). Procter Fellow and Assistant Professor of Physics. <a href="21609004.html">Stanford University. Department of Physics</a> Associate Professor to Professor of Physics; Max H. Stein Professor of Physics; and Emeritus Professor of Physics. <a href="21612008.html">United States. National Bureau of Standards</a> Physicist. <a href="21608003.html">University of Pennsylvania. Department of Physics and Astronomy</a> Harrison Fellow and Instructor in Physics. <h3><a name="per-corp-professional">Professional Activities & Affiliations</a></h3> <a href="21405002.html">National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)</a> Member. <a href="21612004.html">United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a> <h1>Resources</h1> <h2>Archival Resources</h2> <h3><a name="ar-author">Author</a></h3> Nobel laureates on scientific research project : oral history, 1964. Oral History Research Office Columbia University Box 20, Room 801 Butler Library, New York, NY 10027, USA Reminiscences of Robert L. Hofstadter : oral history, 1964. Oral History Research Office Columbia University Box 20, Room 801 Butler Library, New York, NY 10027, USA <a href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt458037nx/">Robert Hofstadter papers, 1938-1990.</a> Department of Special Collections and University Archives Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA Robert Hofstadter response to 1988 History of Nuclear Physics Survey, 1985-1988. Niels Bohr Library & Archives American Institute of Physics One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA <a href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt2j49r8pt/">Stanford University Department of Physics records, 1966-1985 (bulk 1971-1985).</a> Department of Special Collections and University Archives Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA <h3><a name="ar-subject">Subject</a></h3> <a href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt167nd9b5">Bloch symposium: a Stanford centennial symposium celebrating the work of Felix Bloch [video recording], 1989.</a> Department of Special Collections and University Archives Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA Fritz Rohrlich correspondence, 1946-1955. Niels Bohr Library & Archives American Institute of Physics One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA John Armin McIntyre response to 1981 History of Nuclear Physics Survey, 1982. Niels Bohr Library & Archives American Institute of Physics One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA Oral history interview with Bernard Gittelman, 1996 August 21. Niels Bohr Library & Archives American Institute of Physics One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA Oral history interview with Larry S. Cardman and J. Dirk Walecka, 2013 August 8. Niels Bohr Library & Archives American Institute of Physics One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA <a href="http://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/3014-1">Oral history interview with Ralph Alpher and second session is joint interview with Robert Herman, 1983 August 11 and 12.</a> Niels Bohr Library & Archives American Institute of Physics One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA <a href="http://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4994-1">Oral history interview with Wolfgang Kurt Hermann Panofsky, 1973 May 15 and 1974 March 6 and June 3.</a> Niels Bohr Library & Archives American Institute of Physics One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA The Princeton years and beyond, 1930-1940: Invited paper for the March 1992 meeting of the American Physical Society, 1992. Niels Bohr Library & Archives American Institute of Physics One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA <h2>Published Resources</h2> <h3><a name="pr-author">Author</a></h3> <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18382942">"Learning about Nucleon Resonances with Pion Photoproduction," in Pions to Quarks: Particle Physics in the 1950s, ed. Laurie M. Brown, Max Dresden, and Lillian Hoddeson (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press: 1989), 126-143</a> <h3><a name="pr-subject">Subject</a></h3> <a href="http://web.stanford.edu/dept/physics/people/faculty/shorts/hofstadter_BIO.html">Foreward to the Collected Works of Robert Hofstadter.</a> <a href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/hofstadter-robert.pdf">Jerome I. Friedman and William A. Little, "Robert Hofstadter: 1915-1990", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences</a> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2809671">Robert Hofstadter Physics Today obituary.</a> <a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1961/hofstadter-bio.html">Robert L. Hofstadter Nobel Prize biography.</a> </div> <div class="push"></div> </div> <div class="footer"> <div class="footer-container"> <div class="footer-wrapper"> <div class="footer_col" id="foot-col-1"> <a href="http://www.aip.org">American Institute of Physics</a> 1 Physics Ellipse College Park, MD 20740 +1 301.209.3100 <a href="https://publishing.aip.org/publishing">AIP Publishing</a> 1305 Walt Whitman Blvd. Suite 300 Melville, NY 11747 +1 516.576.2200 © <script type="text/javascript">document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script> American Institute of Physics <a href="https://www.aip.org/aip/contact-us">Contact</a> | <a href="https://www.aip.org/aip/staff-contacts">Staff Directory</a> | <a href="https://www.aip.org/aip/privacy-policy">Privacy policy</a> </div> <div class="footer_col" id="foot-col-2"> AIP Member Societies <a href="">Acoustical Society of America</a> <a href="">American Association of Physicists in Medicine</a> <a href="">American Association of Physics Teachers</a> <a href="">American Astronomical Society</a> <a href="">American Crystallographic Association</a> <a href="">American Meteorological Society</a> <a href="">American Physical Society</a> <a href="">AVS: Science & Technology of Materials, Interfaces, and Processing</a> <a href="">Optica (formerly The Optical Society)</a> <a href="">The Society of Rheology</a> </div> <div class="footer_col" id="foot-col-3"> The American Institute of Physics, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit corporation, advances, promotes and serves the physical sciences for the benefit of humanity. We are committed to the preservation of physics for future generations, the success of physics students both in the classroom and professionally, and the promotion of a more scientifically literate society.  </div> <div class="footer-push"></div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Hofstadter, Robert, 1915-1990