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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="XxuG9_49rpNLRhfpP2eqG-cKZMv25jp6TzQIhXYHuvhdUAuAon3WDUUlhqP-9lgkJbCbUq6f5Bzb7LYu5QcN-Q" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Childhood: Value and duties" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2021/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Philosophy Compass" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Anca Gheaus" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/64506372/Childhood_Value_and_duties" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Childhood: Value and duties" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="In philosophy, there are two competitor views about the nature and value of childhood: The first is the traditional, deficiency, view, according to which children are mere unfinished adults. The second is a view that has recently become increasingly" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/89050/24781/1753806/s200_anca.gheaus.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/64506372/Childhood_Value_and_duties" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Childhood: Value and duties" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="In philosophy, there are two competitor views about the nature and value of childhood: The first is the traditional, deficiency, view, according to which children are mere unfinished adults. The second is a view that has recently become increasingly" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://ceu.academia.edu/AncaGheaus" /> <meta name="description" content="In philosophy, there are two competitor views about the nature and value of childhood: The first is the traditional, deficiency, view, according to which children are mere unfinished adults. The second is a view that has recently become increasingly" /> <title>(PDF) Childhood: Value and duties</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/64506372/Childhood_Value_and_duties" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '1a5bb111ba0b54252343b7397fecb2b2927ade95'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740584182000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740584182000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"In philosophy, there are two competitor views about the nature and value of childhood: The first is the traditional, deficiency, view, according to which children are mere unfinished adults. The second is a view that has recently become increasingly popular amongst philosophers, and according to which children, perhaps in virtue of their biological features, have special and valuable capacities, and, more generally, privileged access to some sources of value. This article provides a conceptual map of these views and their possible interpretations, and notes their bearing on issues of population ethics and on the duties that we are owed during childhood.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Anca Gheaus","url":"https://ceu.academia.edu/AncaGheaus"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2021-12-16","datePublished":"2021-01-01","headline":"Childhood: Value and duties","identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"DOI","value":"10.1111/phc3.12793"},"image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76511159/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Family studies","Values","Parenting","Family","Parent Involvement","Parent Child Relationships","Children's Rights","Child protection and family law","Children's Play","Vulnerable children","Parents","Childrens Rights","Duty of Care","Parent-Child Relationship"],"publication":"Philosophy 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{"work":{"id":64506372,"created_at":"2021-12-16T04:22:47.966-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-12-16T09:04:41.950-08:00","_data":{"doi":"10.1111/phc3.12793","issue":"2","volume":"16","abstract":"In philosophy, there are two competitor views about the nature and value of childhood: The first is the traditional, deficiency, view, according to which children are mere unfinished adults. The second is a view that has recently become increasingly popular amongst philosophers, and according to which children, perhaps in virtue of their biological features, have special and valuable capacities, and, more generally, privileged access to some sources of value. This article provides a conceptual map of these views and their possible interpretations, and notes their bearing on issues of population ethics and on the duties that we are owed during childhood.","publication_date":"2021,,","publication_name":"Philosophy Compass"},"document_type":"other","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Childhood: Value and duties","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [89050]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":76511159,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Childhood: Value and duties”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/76511159/mini_magick20211216-3366-shb485.png?1639657403" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Childhood: Value and duties</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89050" href="https://ceu.academia.edu/AncaGheaus"><img alt="Profile image of Anca Gheaus" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/89050/24781/1753806/s65_anca.gheaus.jpg" />Anca Gheaus</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2021, Philosophy Compass</p><a class="js-loswp-work-card-doi-link ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12793" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12793</a><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">11 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 64506372; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=64506372"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">In philosophy, there are two competitor views about the nature and value of childhood: The first is the traditional, deficiency, view, according to which children are mere unfinished adults. The second is a view that has recently become increasingly popular amongst philosophers, and according to which children, perhaps in virtue of their biological features, have special and valuable capacities, and, more generally, privileged access to some sources of value. This article provides a conceptual map of these views and their possible interpretations, and notes their bearing on issues of population ethics and on the duties that we are owed during childhood.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":76511159,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/64506372/Childhood_Value_and_duties"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":76511159,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/64506372/Childhood_Value_and_duties"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="64506372" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Recently this has started to change. In particular, the past few decades have seen a growing interest in children as subjects of political philosophy, with a focus on questions concerning duties of justice towards children and especially parental duties, as well as parental rights and filial duties. Most of the current debates rest on more foundational positions about the nature and value of childhood, issues that are not normally given the same scrutiny. The purpose of this symposium is to examine precisely these foundational questions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction: Symposium on The Nature and Value of Childhood","attachmentId":53789002,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33789477/Introduction_Symposium_on_The_Nature_and_Value_of_Childhood","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33789477/Introduction_Symposium_on_The_Nature_and_Value_of_Childhood"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="10891854" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10891854/Unfinished_Adults_and_Defective_Children_On_the_Nature_and_Value_of_Childhood">Unfinished Adults and Defective Children: On the Nature and Value of Childhood</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89050" href="https://ceu.academia.edu/AncaGheaus">Anca Gheaus</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 9(1), 1-21, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Traditionally, most philosophers saw childhood as a state of deficiency and thought that its value was entirely dependent on how successfully it prepares individuals for adulthood. Yet, there are good reasons to think that childhood also has intrinsic value. Children possess certain intrinsically valuable abilities to a higher degree than adults. Moreover, going through a phase when one does not yet have a “self of one’s own,” and experimenting one’s way to a stable self, seems intrinsically valuable. I argue that children can have good lives, on several understandings of well-being – as a pleasurable state, as the satisfaction of simple desires or as the realization of certain objective goods. In reply to the likely objection that only individuals capable of morality can have intrinsic value, I explain why it is plausible that children have sufficient moral agency to be as deserving of respect as adults.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Unfinished Adults and Defective Children: On the Nature and Value of Childhood","attachmentId":36679431,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10891854/Unfinished_Adults_and_Defective_Children_On_the_Nature_and_Value_of_Childhood","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10891854/Unfinished_Adults_and_Defective_Children_On_the_Nature_and_Value_of_Childhood"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="37134486" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37134486/The_Routledge_Handbook_of_the_Philosophy_of_Childhood_and_Children">The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Childhood and Children</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27390" href="https://bath.academia.edu/JurgenDeWispelaere">Jurgen De Wispelaere</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89050" href="https://ceu.academia.edu/AncaGheaus">Anca Gheaus</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Routledge Handbooks in Philosophy, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Childhood looms large in our understanding of human life, as a phase through which all adults have passed. Childhood is foundational to the development of selfhood, the formation of interests, values and skills and to the lifespan as a whole. Understanding what it is like to be a child, and what differences childhood makes, are thus essential for any broader understanding of the human condition. The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Childhood and Children is an outstanding reference source for the key topics, problems and debates in this crucial and exciting field and is the first collection of its kind. Comprising over thirty chapters by a team of international contributors the Handbook is divided into five parts: · Being a child · Childhood and moral status · Parents and children · Children in society · Children and the state. Questions covered include: What is a child? Is childhood a uniquely valuable state, and if so why? Can we generalize about the goods of childhood? What rights do children have, and are they different from adults’ rights? What (if anything) gives people a right to parent? What role, if any, ought biology to play in determining who has the right to parent a particular child? What kind of rights can parents legitimately exercise over their children? What roles do relationships with siblings and friends play in the shaping of childhoods? How should we think about sexuality and disability in childhood, and about racialised children? How should society manage the education of children? How are children’s lives affected by being taken into social care? The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Childhood and Children is essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of childhood, political philosophy and ethics as well as those in related disciplines such as education, psychology, sociology, social policy, law, social work, youth work, neuroscience and anthropology.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Childhood and Children","attachmentId":57085102,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37134486/The_Routledge_Handbook_of_the_Philosophy_of_Childhood_and_Children","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37134486/The_Routledge_Handbook_of_the_Philosophy_of_Childhood_and_Children"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="67795792" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67795792/Anca_Gheaus_Gideon_Calder_and_Jurgen_De_Wispelaere_The_Routledge_Handbook_of_the_Philosophy_of_Childhood_and_Children_Routledge_2019_440_pp_ISBN_9780367733889">Anca Gheaus, Gideon Calder and Jurgen De Wispelaere, The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Childhood and Children, Routledge: 2019; 440 pp.: ISBN 9780367733889</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48745899" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JasminaJerant">Jasmina Jerant</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The fact that children are greatly puzzled about the world around them is no news. However, the idea that children can, due to their naturally conditioned philosophical openness, pose philosophical questions that are relevant and very valuable to us all has only recently been embraced by scholars. This and, for example, children's rights to their sexuality as well as to work instead of going to school are just a few of the triggering points evoking further interest in reading this much-needed collection of essays, which finally provides in one place an introductory insight into the state-of-the-art contemporary debate surrounding the philosophy of children. The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Childhood and Children comprises thirty-six essays collected by three editors. Anca Gheaus, a political philosopher interested in justice and the normative significance of personal relationships, has published numerous journal articles and book chapters and is currently writing a monograph on child-centred childrearing. Gideon Calder, a social and political philosopher, has authored or edited ten books, including How Inequality Runs in Families, and is a co-editor of the Routledge journal Ethics and Social Welfare. Jurgen De Wispelaere, whose research interests are at the intersection of political theory and public policy, is a Political Economy Research Fellow with the ISRF and a Policy Fellow at the Institute for Policy Research. With well-distributed topics that have been largely set aside for most of the history of philosophy, the editors have structured a handbook that provides timely guidance to the world of neglected questions that have only recently</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Anca Gheaus, Gideon Calder and Jurgen De Wispelaere, The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Childhood and Children, Routledge: 2019; 440 pp.: ISBN 9780367733889","attachmentId":78496048,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67795792/Anca_Gheaus_Gideon_Calder_and_Jurgen_De_Wispelaere_The_Routledge_Handbook_of_the_Philosophy_of_Childhood_and_Children_Routledge_2019_440_pp_ISBN_9780367733889","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67795792/Anca_Gheaus_Gideon_Calder_and_Jurgen_De_Wispelaere_The_Routledge_Handbook_of_the_Philosophy_of_Childhood_and_Children_Routledge_2019_440_pp_ISBN_9780367733889"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="65670624" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65670624/Book_Review_The_Routledge_Handbook_of_the_Philosophy_of_Childhood_and_Children">Book Review: The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Childhood and Children</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48437335" href="https://uni-lj.academia.edu/CEPSJournal">CEPS Journal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">CEPS Journal, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The fact that children are greatly puzzled about the world around them is no news. However, the idea that children can, due to their naturally conditioned philosophical openness, pose philosophical questions that are relevant and very valuable to us all has only recently been embraced by scholars. This and, for example, children's rights to their sexuality as well as to work instead of going to school are just a few of the triggering points evoking further interest in reading this much-needed collection of essays, which finally provides in one place an introductory insight into the state-of-the-art contemporary debate surrounding the philosophy of children. The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Childhood and Children comprises thirty-six essays collected by three editors. Anca Gheaus, a political philosopher interested in justice and the normative significance of personal relationships, has published numerous journal articles and book chapters and is currently writing a monograph on child-centred childrearing. Gideon Calder, a social and political philosopher, has authored or edited ten books, including How Inequality Runs in Families, and is a co-editor of the Routledge journal Ethics and Social Welfare. Jurgen De Wispelaere, whose research interests are at the intersection of political theory and public policy, is a Political Economy Research Fellow with the ISRF and a Policy Fellow at the Institute for Policy Research. With well-distributed topics that have been largely set aside for most of the history of philosophy, the editors have structured a handbook that provides timely guidance to the world of neglected questions that have only recently</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Book Review: The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Childhood and Children","attachmentId":77166163,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65670624/Book_Review_The_Routledge_Handbook_of_the_Philosophy_of_Childhood_and_Children","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/65670624/Book_Review_The_Routledge_Handbook_of_the_Philosophy_of_Childhood_and_Children"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="65179387" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65179387/The_Value_of_Being_a_Child_An_Intuitive_Case_for_a_Development_View">The Value of Being a Child: An Intuitive Case for a Development View</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3073675" href="https://biu.academia.edu/NethanelLipshitz">Nethanel Lipshitz</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35475578" href="https://biu.academia.edu/efrattiktin">Efrat Ram-Tiktin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Value Inquiry, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Some philosophers argue that childhood is a predicament, a condition that is significantly worse than adulthood. Others argue that childhood is a blessing and might be equal or superior in value to adulthood. We present several thought experiments that challenge both these views. These hypothetical cases support neither the claim that childhood is better than adulthood, the claim that adulthood is better than childhood, the claim that childhood and adulthood have equal value, nor the claim that their values are incommensurable. We are then left with a vacuum to fill. After rejecting one initially appealing theory (‘the Diversity View’) that aims to explain our intuitions regarding the aforementioned cases, we propose what will be referred to as the Development View, according to which what is good is for humans to develop from childhood into adulthood at a certain pace.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Value of Being a Child: An Intuitive Case for a Development View","attachmentId":77032765,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65179387/The_Value_of_Being_a_Child_An_Intuitive_Case_for_a_Development_View","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/65179387/The_Value_of_Being_a_Child_An_Intuitive_Case_for_a_Development_View"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="1116550" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1116550/Concepts_of_childhood_what_we_know_and_where_we_might_go_2007_">Concepts of childhood: what we know and where we might go (2007)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="192902" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/MargaretLKing">Margaret L. King</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Renaissance Quarterly, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The publication some forty years ago of the landmark work by Philippe Ariès, entitled Centuries of Childhood in its widely-read English translation, unleashed decades of scholarly investigation of that once-neglected target, the child. Since then, historians have uncovered the traces of attitudes toward children -were they neglected, exploited, abused, cherished? -and patterns of child-rearing. They have explored such issues, among others, as the varieties of European household structure; definitions of the stages of life; childbirth, wetnursing, and the role of the midwife; child abandonment and the foundling home; infanticide and its prosecution; apprenticeship, servitude, and fostering; the evolution of schooling; the consequences of religious diversification; and the impact of gender. This essay seeks to identify key features and recent trends amid this abundance of learned inquiry.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Concepts of childhood: what we know and where we might go (2007)","attachmentId":6876324,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1116550/Concepts_of_childhood_what_we_know_and_where_we_might_go_2007_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1116550/Concepts_of_childhood_what_we_know_and_where_we_might_go_2007_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="21756241" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21756241/Social_Constructions_of_Childhood_2007_">Social Constructions of Childhood (2007)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20661559" href="https://beds.academia.edu/WillCoster">Will Coster</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Childhood and Youth Studies, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Each of us has experienced not one, but two childhoods: the first as a biological state of growth and development and a second as a social construction, which is to say as an institution that has been socially created. If this is true then it follows that childhood is dependent on the nature of a society into which an individual is born and will vary from place to place and time to time. In the last half of the twentieth century a number of thinkers and writers in a variety of fields began to consider the ways in which this process of constructing childhood has been carried out, both in the past and today, and what the implications are for our experience of childhood and for current and future generations of children. If we accept this thesis then it follows that we can only understand childhood if we comprehend how it has been formed and how it varies and changes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Social Constructions of Childhood (2007)","attachmentId":42530998,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21756241/Social_Constructions_of_Childhood_2007_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21756241/Social_Constructions_of_Childhood_2007_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="2453658" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2453658/The_intrinsic_goods_of_childhood_and_the_just_society">The 'intrinsic goods of childhood' and the just society</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89050" href="https://ceu.academia.edu/AncaGheaus">Anca Gheaus</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">In Alexander Bagattini and Colin Macleod (eds.) The Nature of Children’s Well-Being. Dordrecht: Springer</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The 'intrinsic goods of childhood' and the just society","attachmentId":38897189,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2453658/The_intrinsic_goods_of_childhood_and_the_just_society","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2453658/The_intrinsic_goods_of_childhood_and_the_just_society"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="78615208" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78615208/Review_Essay_On_the_Rights_and_Philosophy_of_Children">Review-Essay : On the Rights and Philosophy of Children</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4002556" href="https://umontreal.academia.edu/VincenzoDiNicola">Vincenzo Di Nicola</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Transcultural Psychiatry, 1995</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Proposition 1. This fact brings about some simplification of Borel's arguments as noted in [1].</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review-Essay : On the Rights and Philosophy of Children","attachmentId":85601941,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78615208/Review_Essay_On_the_Rights_and_Philosophy_of_Children","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78615208/Review_Essay_On_the_Rights_and_Philosophy_of_Children"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":76511159,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":76511159,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_76511159" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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data-entity-id="76145208" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76145208/What_Does_it_Mean_to_Be_a_Child">What Does it Mean to Be a Child?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26610382" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidBjorklund">David Bjorklund</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The American Journal of Psychology, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"What Does it Mean to Be a Child?","attachmentId":83811226,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76145208/What_Does_it_Mean_to_Be_a_Child","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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(2014) Childhood through the ages. In T. Maynard and S. Powell (Eds.) An Introduction to Early Childhood Studies, 3rd ed. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. pp. 22-33. ISBN 9781446270660.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14490484" href="https://canterbury.academia.edu/YordankaValkanova">Yordanka Valkanova</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Valkanova, Y. (2014) Childhood through the ages. In T. Maynard and S. Powell (Eds.) An Introduction to Early Childhood Studies, 3rd ed. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. pp. 22-33. 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