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Disponibil în 36 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A6%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="التدفئة والتهوية وتكييف الهواء – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التدفئة والتهوية وتكييف الهواء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sitm%C9%99,_ventilyasiya_v%C9%99_havan%C4%B1n_kondisiyala%C5%9Fd%C4%B1r%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1" title="İsitmə, ventilyasiya və havanın kondisiyalaşdırılması – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İsitmə, ventilyasiya və havanın kondisiyalaşdırılması" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5,_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Отопление, вентилация и климатизация – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Отопление, вентилация и климатизация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8,_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="তাপন, বায়ুসঞ্চালন ও শীতাতপ নিয়ন্ত্রণ – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাপন, বায়ুসঞ্চালন ও শীতাতপ নিয়ন্ত্রণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC" title="HVAC – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="HVAC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/VVS" title="VVS – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="VVS" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimatechnik" title="Klimatechnik – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Klimatechnik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatizaci%C3%B3n" title="Climatización – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Climatización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kliima-_ja_k%C3%BCtteseadmed" title="Kliima- ja kütteseadmed – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kliima- ja kütteseadmed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7" title="گرمایش و تهویه‌هوا – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرمایش و تهویه‌هوا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chauffage,_ventilation_et_climatisation" title="Chauffage, ventilation et climatisation – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chauffage, ventilation et climatisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="तापन, संवातन तथा वातानुकूलन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तापन, संवातन तथा वातानुकूलन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC" title="HVAC – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="HVAC" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemanasan,_sirkulasi,_dan_pengondisi_udara" title="Pemanasan, sirkulasi, dan pengondisi udara – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemanasan, sirkulasi, dan pengondisi udara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC" title="HVAC – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="HVAC" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%97%E8%AA%BF%E5%92%8C%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6" title="空気調和工学 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="空気調和工学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EA%B8%B0%EC%A1%B0%ED%99%94%EA%B8%B0%EC%88%A0" title="공기조화기술 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공기조화기술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germkirin,_Hewakirin_%C3%BB_Basarkirin" title="Germkirin, Hewakirin û Basarkirin – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Germkirin, Hewakirin û Basarkirin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="तापन, वायुसञ्चार तथा वातानुकूलन – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तापन, वायुसञ्चार तथा वातानुकूलन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC" title="HVAC – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="HVAC" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC" title="HVAC – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="HVAC" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varme-,_ventilasjons-_og_sanit%C3%A6rteknikk" title="Varme-, ventilasjons- og sanitærteknikk – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Varme-, ventilasjons- og sanitærteknikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC" title="HVAC – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="HVAC" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Climatização – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Climatização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5,_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Отопление, вентиляция и кондиционирование – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Отопление, вентиляция и кондиционирование" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diiriye" title="Diiriye – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Diiriye" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngrohja,_ventilimi_dhe_klimatizimi" title="Ngrohja, ventilimi dhe klimatizimi – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ngrohja, ventilimi dhe klimatizimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/VVS" title="VVS – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="VVS" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyoyozi" title="Kiyoyozi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiyoyozi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D,_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D,_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வெப்பவேற்றம், காற்றோட்டம், குளிர்பதனம் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெப்பவேற்றம், காற்றோட்டம், குளிர்பதனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1798773" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Rooftop_Packaged_Units.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Rooftop_Packaged_Units.JPG/220px-Rooftop_Packaged_Units.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Rooftop_Packaged_Units.JPG/330px-Rooftop_Packaged_Units.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Rooftop_Packaged_Units.JPG/440px-Rooftop_Packaged_Units.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1471" data-file-height="974" /></a><figcaption>Unitate HVAC de pe acoperiș cu vedere la orificiul de admisie a aerului proaspăt</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Încălzirea, ventilația și aerul condiționat</b> (<a href="/wiki/Acronim" title="Acronim">acronim</a>:<b>HVAC</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reprezintă utilizarea diferitelor tehnologii pentru a controla <a href="/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83" title="Temperatură">temperatura</a>, umiditatea și puritatea aerului într-un spațiu închis. Scopul său este de a oferi <a href="/wiki/Confort_termic" title="Confort termic">confort termic</a> și o calitate acceptabilă a aerului din interior. Proiectarea sistemelor HVAC este o disciplină a <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_mecanic%C4%83" title="Inginerie mecanică">ingineriei mecanice</a>, bazată pe principiile termodinamicii, mecanicii fluidelor și <a href="/wiki/Transmiterea_c%C4%83ldurii" title="Transmiterea căldurii">transferul de căldură</a>. </p><p>HVAC este o parte importantă a <a href="/wiki/Construc%C8%9Bii" title="Construcții">clădirior</a> rezidențiale, cum ar fi case unifamiliale, blocuri cu apartamente, hoteluri și cămine de locuit pentru bătrâni; clădiri industriale și de birouri de la medii până la mari, cum ar fi zgârie-nori și <a href="/wiki/Spital" title="Spital">spitale</a>; vehicule precum mașini, trenuri, avioane, nave și submarine; și în mediile marine, în care condițiile de construcție sigure și sănătoase sunt reglementate în ceea ce privește temperatura și umiditatea, folosind aer proaspăt din exterior. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prezentare_generală"><span id="Prezentare_general.C4.83"></span>Prezentare generală</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire,_ventila%C8%9Bie_%C8%99i_aer_condi%C8%9Bionat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Prezentare generală" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire,_ventila%C8%9Bie_%C8%99i_aer_condi%C8%9Bionat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Prezentare generală"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cele trei funcții majore de <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire" title="Încălzire">încălzire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ventila%C8%9Bie_(arhitectur%C4%83)" title="Ventilație (arhitectură)">ventilație</a> și <a href="/wiki/Aer_condi%C8%9Bionat" title="Aer condiționat">aer condiționat</a> sunt interdependente, în special cu necesitatea de a oferi confort termic și o calitate acceptabilă a aerului din interior cu costuri rezonabile de instalare, operare și întreținere. Sistemele HVAC pot fi utilizate atât în medii casnice, cât și comerciale. Sistemele HVAC pot asigura ventilație și pot menține relațiile de presiune între spații. Mijloacele de livrare și evacuare a aerului din spații sunt cunoscute sub denumirea de distribuție a aerului din încăpere<sup id="cite_ref-Rock_and_Zhu_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rock_and_Zhu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Istoric HVAC se bazează pe <a href="/wiki/Inven%C8%9Bie" title="Invenție">invenții</a> și descoperiri făcute de Nikolay Lvov, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a>, Rolla C. Carpenter, Willis Carrier, Edwin Ruud, Reuben Trane, <a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a>, William Rankine, Sadi Carnot, Alice Parker și mulți alții<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Mai multe invenții din acest interval de timp au precedat începuturile primului sistem de aer condiționat de confort, care a fost proiectat în 1902 de Alfred Wolff(Cooper, 2003) pentru Bursa de Valori din <a href="/wiki/New_York" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="New York">New York</a>, în timp ce Willis Carrier a echipat Sacketts-Wilhems Printing Company cu acest proces. Unitate AC în același an Coyne College a fost prima școală care a oferit pregătire HVAC în 1899<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Primul AC rezidențial a fost instalat în 1914, iar în anii 1950 a existat „adoptarea pe scară largă a AC rezidențial”<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Invenția componentelor sistemelor HVAC a mers mână în mână cu <a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_industrial%C4%83" title="Revoluția industrială">revoluția industrială</a>, iar noi metode de modernizare, eficiență mai mare și control al sistemului sunt introduse constant de companii și inventatori din întreaga lume. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obiective">Obiective</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire,_ventila%C8%9Bie_%C8%99i_aer_condi%C8%9Bionat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Obiective" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire,_ventila%C8%9Bie_%C8%99i_aer_condi%C8%9Bionat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Obiective"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scopul unui sistem HVAC este de a oferi utilizatorilor condiții de <a href="/wiki/S%C4%83n%C4%83tate" title="Sănătate">sănătate</a> și siguranță care să respecte reglementările în vigoare, precum și un anumit nivel de confort. Științele și <a href="/wiki/Tehnic%C4%83" title="Tehnică">tehnicile</a> utilizate pentru proiectarea și construcția unui sistem HVAC fac posibilă controlul într-o clădire: </p> <ul><li>nivelul de <a href="/wiki/Igien%C4%83" title="Igienă">igienă</a> (CO2, poluanți, particule, mirosuri, etc.);</li> <li>nivelul de siguranță (clapete <a href="/wiki/Antifoc_(sistem)" title="Antifoc (sistem)">antifoc</a> în conductele de ventilație, <a href="/wiki/Desfumare" title="Desfumare">evacuarea fumului</a>, etc.);</li> <li>temperatura mediului ambiant (iarna si vara);</li> <li>higrometria (umiditatea aerului);</li> <li>presiune(de exemplu, funcționare la suprapresiune în industria alimentară și la depresiune în industria nucleară);</li> <li>reînnoirea aerului într-un loc închis.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire,_ventila%C8%9Bie_%C8%99i_aer_condi%C8%9Bionat&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire,_ventila%C8%9Bie_%C8%99i_aer_condi%C8%9Bionat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">„HVAC”. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eds.tech/"><i>HVAC Tools</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=HVAC&rft.btitle=HVAC+Tools&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eds.tech%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire%2C+ventila%C8%9Bie+%C8%99i+aer+condi%C8%9Bionat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rock_and_Zhu-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rock_and_Zhu_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Designer's Guide to Ceiling-Based Air Diffusion</i>, Rock and Zhu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ASHRAE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASHRAE — pagină inexistentă">ASHRAE</a>, Inc., <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Swenson, S. Don (<time datetime="1995">1995</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abebooks.com/9780826906755/HVAC-Heating-Ventilating-Air-Conditioning-0826906753/plp"><i>HVAC: heating, ventilating, and air conditioning</i></a>. Homewood, Illinois: American Technical Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8269-0675-5" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8269-0675-5">978-0-8269-0675-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HVAC%3A+heating%2C+ventilating%2C+and+air+conditioning&rft.place=Homewood%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=American+Technical+Publishers&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8269-0675-5&rft.aulast=Swenson&rft.aufirst=S.+Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abebooks.com%2F9780826906755%2FHVAC-Heating-Ventilating-Air-Conditioning-0826906753%2Fplp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire%2C+ventila%C8%9Bie+%C8%99i+aer+condi%C8%9Bionat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160828060622/https://www.coynecollege.edu/programs/hvac">„History of Heating, Air Conditioning & Refrigeration”</a>. <i>Coyne College</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coynecollege.edu/programs/hvac">original</a> la <time datetime="2016-08-28">28 august 2016</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coyne+College&rft.atitle=History+of+Heating%2C+Air+Conditioning+%26+Refrigeration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coynecollege.edu%2Fprograms%2Fhvac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire%2C+ventila%C8%9Bie+%C8%99i+aer+condi%C8%9Bionat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hvac.com/expert-advice/what-is-hvac/">„What is HVAC? A Comprehensive Guide”</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+HVAC%3F+A+Comprehensive+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hvac.com%2Fexpert-advice%2Fwhat-is-hvac%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire%2C+ventila%C8%9Bie+%C8%99i+aer+condi%C8%9Bionat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire,_ventila%C8%9Bie_%C8%99i_aer_condi%C8%9Bionat&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire,_ventila%C8%9Bie_%C8%99i_aer_condi%C8%9Bionat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Servicii_tehnice_din_construc%C8%9Bii" title="Servicii tehnice din construcții">Inginerie arhitectură</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inginerie_mecanic%C4%83" title="Inginerie mecanică">Inginerie mecanică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventila%C8%9Bie_(arhitectur%C4%83)" title="Ventilație (arhitectură)">Ventilație</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instala%C8%9Bii_sanitare" title="Instalații sanitare">Instalații sanitare</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Domenii_ale_ingineriei" title="Format:Domenii ale ingineriei"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Domenii_ale_ingineriei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Domenii ale ingineriei — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Domenii_ale_ingineriei&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Inginerie" title="Inginerie">Domenii ale ingineriei</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Specialități și<br />interdisciplinaritate </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Inginerie_civil%C4%83" title="Inginerie civilă">Inginerie<br />civilă</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p><a href="/wiki/Servicii_tehnice_din_construc%C8%9Bii" title="Servicii tehnice din construcții">Servicii tehnice din construcții (inginerie arhitectură)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Geotehnic%C4%83" title="Geotehnică">Geotehnică</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingineria_construc%C8%9Biilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingineria construcțiilor — pagină inexistentă">Ingineria construcțiilor</a>(<a href="/wiki/Construc%C8%9Bii" title="Construcții">Construcții</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Miner" title="Miner">Minieră</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hidrotehnic%C4%83" title="Hidrotehnică">Hidrotehnică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ingineria_mediului" title="Ingineria mediului">Mediu</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Inginerie_ecologic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inginerie ecologică — pagină inexistentă">Inginerie ecologică</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inginerie_sanitar%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inginerie sanitară — pagină inexistentă">Inginerie sanitară</a>)  • <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_structural%C4%83" title="Inginerie structurală">Structurală</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingineria_instalatiilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingineria instalatiilor — pagină inexistentă">Ingineria instalatiilor</a> </p>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingineria_transporturilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingineria transporturilor — pagină inexistentă">Ingineria transporturilor</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Inginerie_mecanic%C4%83" title="Inginerie mecanică">Inginerie<br />mecanică</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_aerospa%C8%9Bial%C4%83" title="Inginerie aerospațială">Aerospațială</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vehicul" title="Vehicul">Auto</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inginerie_feroviar%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inginerie feroviară — pagină inexistentă">Feroviară</a> • <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_industrial%C4%83" title="Inginerie industrială">Industrială</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mecatronic%C4%83" title="Mecatronică">Mecatronică</a> (<a href="/wiki/Robotic%C4%83" title="Robotică">Robotică</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_energetic%C4%83" title="Inginerie energetică">Energetică</a>  • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">( HVAC )</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inginerie_naval%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inginerie navală — pagină inexistentă">Navală</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inginerie_optic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inginerie optică — pagină inexistentă">Optică</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inginerie_sportiv%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inginerie sportivă — pagină inexistentă">Sportivă</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Ba_materialelor" title="Știința materialelor">Știința materialelor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tribologie" title="Tribologie">Tribologie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Control_nedistructiv" title="Control nedistructiv">Control nedistructiv</a> • <a href="/wiki/Proiectare_asistat%C4%83_de_calculator" title="Proiectare asistată de calculator">Proiectare asistată de calculator</a>(CAD) •  <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Proiectare</a> • <a href="/wiki/Design_industrial" title="Design industrial">Design industrial</a> •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabrica%C8%9Bie_asistat%C4%83_de_calculator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fabricație asistată de calculator — pagină inexistentă">Fabricație asistată de calculator</a>(CAM)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Electrotehnic%C4%83" title="Electrotehnică">Inginerie<br />electrică</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingineria_sistemelor_de_control&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingineria sistemelor de control — pagină inexistentă">Control</a> • <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_electronic%C4%83" title="Inginerie electronică">Electronică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Electromecanic%C4%83" title="Electromecanică">Electromecanică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Electrotehnic%C4%83" title="Electrotehnică">Electrotehnică</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frecventa_radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frecventa radio — pagină inexistentă">Frecventa radio</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingineria_sistemelor_de_control&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingineria sistemelor de control — pagină inexistentă">Ingineria sistemelor de control</a> • <a href="/wiki/Inginer_de_sunet" title="Inginer de sunet">Inginer de sunet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Telecomunica%C8%9Bie" title="Telecomunicație">Telecomunicații</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Inginerie_chimic%C4%83" title="Inginerie chimică">Inginerie<br />chimică</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_biochimic%C4%83" title="Inginerie biochimică">Biochimică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bioinginerie" title="Bioinginerie">Bioinginerie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bioinginerie_medical%C4%83" title="Bioinginerie medicală">Biomedicală</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bioinformatic%C4%83" title="Bioinformatică">Bioinformatică</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inginerie_clinic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inginerie clinică — pagină inexistentă">Clinică</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_genetic%C4%83" title="Inginerie genetică">Genetică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_molecular%C4%83" title="Inginerie moleculară">Moleculară</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Ingineria_calculatoarelor" title="Ingineria calculatoarelor">Ingineria<br />calculatoarelor</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_software" title="Inginerie software">Software</a> • <a href="/wiki/Programarea_calculatoarelor" class="mw-redirect" title="Programarea calculatoarelor">Programarea calculatoarelor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Informatic%C4%83" title="Informatică">Informatică</a> (<a href="/wiki/Securitate_informatic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Securitate informatică">Securitate informatică</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Sistem_informatic" title="Sistem informatic">Sistem informatic</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Altele</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Managementul_ingineriei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Managementul ingineriei — pagină inexistentă">Managementul ingineriei</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Agrotehnic%C4%83" title="Agrotehnică">Agronomie</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Bioinginerie_medical%C4%83" title="Bioinginerie medicală">Biomedical</a>(<a href="/wiki/Bioinformatic%C4%83" title="Bioinformatică">Bioinformatică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Protez%C4%83" title="Proteză">Proteză</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Ingineria_coroziunii" title="Ingineria coroziunii">Coroziunii</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_de_protec%C8%9Bie_%C3%AEmpotriva_incendiilor" title="Inginerie de protecție împotriva incendiilor">Inginer de protecție la foc</a> • <a href="/wiki/Matematic%C4%83_inginereasc%C4%83" title="Matematică inginerească">Inginerie matematică</a> •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inginerie_logistic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inginerie logistică — pagină inexistentă">Inginerie logistică</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_fizic%C4%83" title="Inginerie fizică">Inginerie fizică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_industrial%C4%83" title="Inginerie industrială">Industrial</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Ba_materialelor" title="Știința materialelor">Știința materialelor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Audio" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio">Inginer de sunet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Geniu_(arm%C4%83)" title="Geniu (armă)">Militar</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Nanotehnologie" title="Nanotehnologie">Nanotehnologie</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Conduct%C4%83" title="Conductă">Conducte</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siguran%C8%9B%C4%83(Ingineria_siguran%C8%9Bei)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siguranță(Ingineria siguranței) — pagină inexistentă">Siguranță(Ingineria siguranței)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Studii de<br />inginerie</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> Studii universitare de (<a href="/wiki/Studii_universitare_de_licen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Studii universitare de licență">licență</a> și <a href="/wiki/Studii_universitare_de_masterat" title="Studii universitare de masterat">masterat</a>) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diplom%C4%83_de_inginer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diplomă de inginer — pagină inexistentă">Diplomă de inginer</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Doctor" title="Doctor">Doctor</a> în Inginerie</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Subiecte asemănătoare </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Inginer" title="Inginer">Inginer</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Inginer_european" title="Inginer european">Inginer european</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Organiza%C8%9Bii_neguvernamentale" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizații neguvernamentale">Organizații neguvernamentale</a> și <br /><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_organiza%C8%9Bii_guvernamentale_din_Rom%C3%A2nia" title="Listă de organizații guvernamentale din România">Organizații Guvernamentale</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Organiza%C8%9Bia_Na%C8%9Biunilor_Unite_pentru_Educa%C8%9Bie,_%C8%98tiin%C8%9B%C4%83_%C8%99i_Cultur%C4%83" title="Organizația Națiunilor Unite pentru Educație, Știință și Cultură">UNESCO</a> • <a href="/wiki/Asocia%C8%9Bia_General%C4%83_a_Inginerilor_din_Rom%C3%A2nia" title="Asociația Generală a Inginerilor din România">AGIR</a> • <a href="/wiki/Institutul_Inginerilor_Electrotehnicieni_%C8%99i_Electroni%C8%99ti" title="Institutul Inginerilor Electrotehnicieni și Electroniști">IEEE</a> • <a href="/wiki/Academia_de_%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_Tehnice_din_Rom%C3%A2nia" title="Academia de Științe Tehnice din România">ASTR</a> • <a href="/wiki/Federa%C8%9Bia_European%C4%83_a_Asocia%C8%9Biilor_Na%C8%9Bionale_de_Ingineri" title="Federația Europeană a Asociațiilor Naționale de Ingineri">FEANI</a> • <a href="/wiki/Academia_Oamenilor_de_%C8%98tiin%C8%9B%C4%83_din_Rom%C3%A2nia" title="Academia Oamenilor de Știință din România">AOSR</a> • <a href="/wiki/Academia_de_%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_Agricole_%C8%99i_Silvice_%E2%80%9EGheorghe_Ionescu-%C8%98i%C8%99e%C8%99ti%E2%80%9D" title="Academia de Științe Agricole și Silvice „Gheorghe Ionescu-Șișești”">AȘAS</a> •  <a href="/wiki/VDI" title="VDI">VDI</a> •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federa%C8%9Bia_Mondial%C4%83_a_Organiza%C8%9Biilor_de_Inginerie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federația Mondială a Organizațiilor de Inginerie — pagină inexistentă">FMOI</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8035715" class="extiw" title="d:Q8035715"><span title="Federația Mondială a Organizațiilor de Inginerie la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> și <a href="/wiki/Ministerul_Cercet%C4%83rii,_Inov%C4%83rii_%C8%99i_Digitaliz%C4%83rii_(Rom%C3%A2nia)" title="Ministerul Cercetării, Inovării și Digitalizării (România)">Ministerul Cercetării, Inovării și Digitalizării (România)</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Sărbătoare </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ziua_inginerului_rom%C3%A2n" title="Ziua inginerului român">Ziua inginerului român</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Muzee științifice </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Muzeul_Na%C8%9Bional_Tehnic_%E2%80%9EProf._ing._Dimitrie_Leonida%E2%80%9D" title="Muzeul Național Tehnic „Prof. ing. Dimitrie Leonida”">Muzeul Național Tehnic „Prof. ing. Dimitrie Leonida”</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_tehnic%C4%83" title="Glosar de tehnică">Glosare de tehnică</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_arhitectur%C4%83" title="Glosar de arhitectură">Arhitectură</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_calculatoare_%C8%99i_internet" title="Glosar de calculatoare și internet">Calculatoare și internet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_chimie" title="Glosar de chimie">Chimie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_biochimie" title="Glosar de biochimie">Biochimie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_genetic%C4%83" title="Glosar de genetică">Genetică</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_construc%C8%9Bii" title="Glosar de construcții">Construcții</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_hidrotehnic%C4%83" title="Glosar de hidrotehnică">Hidrotehnică</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_electronic%C4%83" title="Glosar de electronică">Electronică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_electrotehnic%C4%83" title="Glosar de electrotehnică">Electrotehnică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glosar_feroviar" title="Glosar feroviar">Feroviar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glosar_maritim" title="Glosar maritim">Maritim</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_mecanic%C4%83" title="Glosar de mecanică">Mecanică</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glosar_auto" title="Glosar auto">Auto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_optic%C4%83" title="Glosar de optică">Optică</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_termodinamic%C4%83" title="Glosar de termodinamică">Termodinamică</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Glosar_de_termeni_militari" title="Glosar de termeni militari">Militar</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Termeni </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> Transport (<a href="/wiki/Transport_rutier" title="Transport rutier">rutier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Transport_public" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport public">public</a>)  • <a href="/wiki/Instala%C8%9Bii_sanitare" title="Instalații sanitare">Instalații sanitare</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Cercet%C4%83tor" title="Cercetător">Cercetător</a> • <a href="/wiki/Inven%C8%9Bie" title="Invenție">Invenție</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Încălzire,_ventilație_și_aer_condiționat" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire,_ventila%C8%9Bie_%C8%99i_aer_condi%C8%9Bionat" title="Format:Încălzire, ventilație și aer condiționat"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire,_ventila%C8%9Bie_%C8%99i_aer_condi%C8%9Bionat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Încălzire, ventilație și aer condiționat — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire,_ventila%C8%9Bie_%C8%99i_aer_condi%C8%9Bionat&action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Încălzire,_ventilație_și_aer_condiționat" style="font-size:100%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Încălzire, ventilație și aer condiționat</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepte<br />fundamentale</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schimb%C4%83ri_de_aer/or%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schimbări de aer/oră — pagină inexistentă">Schimbări de aer/oră</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anvelopare_cl%C4%83dire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anvelopare clădire — pagină inexistentă">Anvelopare clădire</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Convec%C8%9Bie" title="Convecție">Convecție</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumul_intern_de_energie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consumul intern de energie — pagină inexistentă">Consumul intern de energie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Entalpie" title="Entalpie">Entalpie </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Dinamica_fluidelor" title="Dinamica fluidelor">Dinamica fluidelor</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Compresor" title="Compresor">Compresor</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ciclul_ma%C8%99inilor_frigorifice_%C8%99i_al_pompelor_de_c%C4%83ldur%C4%83" title="Ciclul mașinilor frigorifice și al pompelor de căldură">Ciclul inversat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Transmiterea_c%C4%83ldurii" title="Transmiterea căldurii">Transmiterea căldurii</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Enfiltrare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Înfiltrare — pagină inexistentă">Înfiltrare</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Controlul_zgomotului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Controlul zgomotului — pagină inexistentă">Controlul zgomotului</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83ldur%C4%83_latent%C4%83" title="Căldură latentă">Căldură latentă </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Confort_termic" title="Confort termic">Confort termic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Termodinamic%C4%83" title="Termodinamică">Termodinamică</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tehnologie</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frigider_cu_absorb%C8%9Bie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frigider cu absorbție — pagină inexistentă">Frigider cu absorbție</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barier%C4%83_de_aer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barieră de aer — pagină inexistentă">Barieră de aer</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Aer_condi%C8%9Bionat" title="Aer condiționat">Aer condiționat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antigel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antigel — pagină inexistentă">Anticongelant</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aer_condi%C8%9Bionat_auto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aer condiționat auto — pagină inexistentă">Aer condiționat auto</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cl%C4%83dire_autonom%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clădire autonomă — pagină inexistentă">Clădire autonomă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Materiale_izolatoare_pentru_construc%C8%9Bii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materiale izolatoare pentru construcții — pagină inexistentă">Materiale izolatoare pentru construcții</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire_central%C4%83" title="Încălzire centrală">Încălzire centrală</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ap%C4%83_r%C4%83cit%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apă răcită — pagină inexistentă">Apă răcită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volum_de_aer_constant_(CAV)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volum de aer constant (CAV) — pagină inexistentă">Volum de aer constant (CAV)</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Termoficare" title="Termoficare">Termoficare</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire_electric%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Încălzire electrică — pagină inexistentă">Încălzire electrică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Cas%C4%83_pasiv%C4%83" title="Casă pasivă">Casă pasivă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire_prin_pardoseal%C4%83" title="Încălzire prin pardoseală">Încălzire prin pardoseală</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ventila%C8%9Bie_(arhitectur%C4%83)" title="Ventilație (arhitectură)">Ventilare</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Componente</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Invertor_aer_condi%C8%9Bionat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invertor aer condiționat — pagină inexistentă">Invertor aer condiționat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filtru_de_aer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filtru de aer — pagină inexistentă">Filtru de aer</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Purificator_de_aer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purificator de aer — pagină inexistentă">Purificator de aer</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomp%C4%83_de_c%C4%83ldur%C4%83_surs%C4%83_de_aer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pompă de căldură sursă de aer — pagină inexistentă">Pompă de căldură sursă de aer</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Cazan" title="Cazan">Cazan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Compresor" title="Compresor">Compresor</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Turn_de_r%C4%83cire" title="Turn de răcire">Turn de răcire</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clapet%C4%83_antifoc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clapetă antifoc — pagină inexistentă">Clapetă antifoc</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitate_ventiloconvector&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitate ventiloconvector — pagină inexistentă">Unitate ventiloconvector</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Co%C8%99" class="mw-disambig" title="Coș">Coș</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Freon" class="mw-redirect" title="Freon">Freon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Compresor" title="Compresor">Compresor</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pomp%C4%83_de_c%C4%83ldur%C4%83" title="Pompă de căldură">Pompă de căldură</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzire" title="Încălzire">Sistem de încălzire</a> <a href="/wiki/Radiator" title="Radiator">Radiator</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clapet%C4%83_de_fum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clapetă de fum — pagină inexistentă">Clapetă de fum</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tubulatur%C4%83_de_evacuare_a_fumului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tubulatură de evacuare a fumului — pagină inexistentă">Tubulatură de evacuare a fumului</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sob%C4%83" title="Sobă">Sobă de lemne</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ventilator" title="Ventilator">Ventilator</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conducte_de_evacuare_a_fumului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conducte de evacuare a fumului — pagină inexistentă">Conducte de evacuare a fumului</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Profesii,<br />meserii și <br />servicii</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Servicii_tehnice_din_construc%C8%9Bii" title="Servicii tehnice din construcții">Servicii tehnice din construcții</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ingineria_mediului" title="Ingineria mediului">Ingineria mediului</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cur%C4%83%C8%9Barea_conductelor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curățarea conductelor — pagină inexistentă">Curățarea conductelor</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cur%C4%83%C8%9Bare_evacuare_buc%C4%83t%C4%83rie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curățare evacuare bucătărie — pagină inexistentă">Curățare evacuare bucătărie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Inginerie_mecanic%C4%83" title="Inginerie mecanică">Inginerie mecanică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecanic,_electric_%C8%99i_sanitar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecanic, electric și sanitar — pagină inexistentă">Mecanic, electric și sanitar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cre%C8%99terea_mucegaiului,_evaluarea_%C8%99i_remedierea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Creșterea mucegaiului, evaluarea și remedierea — pagină inexistentă">Creșterea mucegaiului, evaluarea și remedierea</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Recuperarea_agentului_frigorific&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recuperarea agentului frigorific — pagină inexistentă">Recuperarea agentului frigorific </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Testare,_reglare,_echilibrare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Testare, reglare, echilibrare — pagină inexistentă">Testare, reglare, echilibrare</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sănătate <br />si siguranță</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calitatea_aerului_din_interior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calitatea aerului din interior — pagină inexistentă">Calitatea aerului din interior</a>(IAQ) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fumat_pasiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fumat pasiv — pagină inexistentă">Fumat pasiv</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Compus_organic_volatil" title="Compus organic volatil">Compus organic volatil</a>(COV) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sindromul_cl%C4%83dirii_bolnave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sindromul clădirii bolnave — pagină inexistentă">Sindromul clădirii bolnave</a>(SBS)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizații<br /> din industrie</th><td 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