CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ophthalmosaurus - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a0353f77-d431-4714-9280-5770fc81a933","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ophthalmosaurus","wgTitle":"Ophthalmosaurus","wgCurRevisionId":1277402029,"wgRevisionId":1277402029,"wgArticleId":3361149,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from January 2018","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with 'species' microformats","Middle Jurassic ichthyosaurs","Late Jurassic ichthyosaurs","Callovian genus first appearances","Late Jurassic extinctions","Ichthyosaurs of Europe","Jurassic France","Fossils of France","Jurassic United Kingdom", "Fossils of Great Britain","Jurassic reptiles of North America","Jurassic Mexico","Fossils of Mexico","Paleontology in Wyoming","Jurassic United States","Fossils of the United States","Middle Jurassic reptiles of South America","Jurassic Argentina","Fossils of Argentina","Neuquén Basin","Fossil taxa described in 1874","Taxa named by Harry Seeley","Ophthalmosaurinae","Ichthyosauromorph genera"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ophthalmosaurus","wgRelevantArticleId":3361149,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"}, "wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q131208","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OphthalmosaurusIcenius-NaturalHistoryMuseum-August23-08.jpg/1200px-OphthalmosaurusIcenius-NaturalHistoryMuseum-August23-08.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="548"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OphthalmosaurusIcenius-NaturalHistoryMuseum-August23-08.jpg/800px-OphthalmosaurusIcenius-NaturalHistoryMuseum-August23-08.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="365"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OphthalmosaurusIcenius-NaturalHistoryMuseum-August23-08.jpg/640px-OphthalmosaurusIcenius-NaturalHistoryMuseum-August23-08.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="292"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ophthalmosaurus - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ophthalmosaurus rootpage-Ophthalmosaurus skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ophthalmosaurus" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ophthalmosaurus" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ophthalmosaurus" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ophthalmosaurus" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discovery_and_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovery_and_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Discovery and species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovery_and_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phylogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Phylogeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palaeobiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palaeobiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Palaeobiology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palaeobiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Ophthalmosaurus</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="العظاءة كبيرة العيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العظاءة كبيرة العيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oftalmosaure" title="Oftalmosaure – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oftalmosaure" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" title="Ophthalmosaurus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ophthalmosaurus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" title="Ophthalmosaurus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ophthalmosaurus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" title="Ophthalmosaurus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ophthalmosaurus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1" title="افتالموسور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="افتالموسور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" title="Ophthalmosaurus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ophthalmosaurus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%94%84%ED%83%88%EB%AA%A8%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%B0%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4" title="오프탈모사우루스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오프탈모사우루스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" title="Ophthalmosaurus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ophthalmosaurus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" title="Ophthalmosaurus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ophthalmosaurus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1" title="אופתלמוזאורוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אופתלמוזאורוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" title="Ophthalmosaurus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ophthalmosaurus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" title="Ophthalmosaurus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ophthalmosaurus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9" title="オフタルモサウルス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オフタルモサウルス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oftalmozaur" title="Oftalmozaur – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oftalmozaur" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" title="Ophthalmosaurus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ophthalmosaurus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80" title="Офтальмозавр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Офтальмозавр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" title="Ophthalmosaurus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ophthalmosaurus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" title="Ophthalmosaurus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ophthalmosaurus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" title="Ophthalmosaurus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ophthalmosaurus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" title="Ophthalmosaurus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ophthalmosaurus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" title="Ophthalmosaurus – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Ophthalmosaurus" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BC%E9%AD%9A%E9%BE%8D%E5%B1%AC" title="大眼魚龍屬 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大眼魚龍屬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131208#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ophthalmosaurus" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ophthalmosaurus" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ophthalmosaurus" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&oldid=1277402029" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ophthalmosaurus&id=1277402029&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOphthalmosaurus"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOphthalmosaurus"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ophthalmosaurus&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ophthalmosaurus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131208" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Extinct genus of reptiles</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Ophthalmosaurus</i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Middle_Jurassic" title="Middle Jurassic">Middle Jurassic</a> to <a href="/wiki/Late_Jurassic" title="Late Jurassic">Late Jurassic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Callovian" title="Callovian">Callovian</a> to <a href="/wiki/Oxfordian_(stage)" title="Oxfordian (stage)">Oxfordian</a>), <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">165–157 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:17.583076923077px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.22px; width:14.807692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:70.027692307692px; width:7.9470769230769px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:77.974769230769px; width:20.564923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.539692307692px; width:20.294153846154px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.732307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:171.56615384615px; width:26.095384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.540307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20184615385px; width:6.9249230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:164.15384615385px; width:8.5292307692308px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:164.15384615385px; width:2.7076923076923px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:165.15384615385px; width:0.70769230769231px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span> <small> Possible record during the <a href="/wiki/Berriasian" title="Berriasian">Berriasian</a></small></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:OphthalmosaurusIcenius-NaturalHistoryMuseum-August23-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OphthalmosaurusIcenius-NaturalHistoryMuseum-August23-08.jpg/250px-OphthalmosaurusIcenius-NaturalHistoryMuseum-August23-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OphthalmosaurusIcenius-NaturalHistoryMuseum-August23-08.jpg/375px-OphthalmosaurusIcenius-NaturalHistoryMuseum-August23-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OphthalmosaurusIcenius-NaturalHistoryMuseum-August23-08.jpg/500px-OphthalmosaurusIcenius-NaturalHistoryMuseum-August23-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3432" data-file-height="1566" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Composite skeleton (NHMUK PV R3702, R3893, R4124) of <i>Ophthalmosaurus icenicus</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum, London</a>, with the forelimbs mounted backwards<sup id="cite_ref-Moon2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moon2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Ophthalmosaurus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptilia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosauria" title="Ichthyosauria">Ichthyosauria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmosauridae" title="Ophthalmosauridae">Ophthalmosauridae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmosaurinae" title="Ophthalmosaurinae">Ophthalmosaurinae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Ophthalmosaurus</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Harry_Seeley" title="Harry Seeley">Seeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/1874_in_paleontology" title="1874 in paleontology">1874</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><b>Ophthalmosaurus icenicus</b></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Seeley" title="Harry Seeley">Seeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/1874_in_paleontology" title="1874 in paleontology">1874</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Species </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">†</a><i><b>O. icenicus</b></i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Seeley" title="Harry Seeley">Seeley</a>, 1874 (<a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a>)</span></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Ancanamunia</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Rusconi, 1942</span></li> <li><i>Khudiakovia</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Arkhangelsky, 1999</span></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Ophthalmosaurus</b></i> (Greek ὀφθάλμος <i>ophthalmos</i> 'eye' and σαῦρος <i>sauros</i> 'lizard') is a genus of <a href="/wiki/Ichthyosaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichthyosaur">ichthyosaur</a> known from the Middle-Late Jurassic. Possible remains from the earliest <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a>, around 145 million years ago, are also known. It was a relatively medium-sized ichthyosaur, measuring 4 m (13 ft) long and weighing 940 kg (2,070 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-Motanietal1999_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motanietal1999-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Motani2005_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motani2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Named for its extremely large eyes, it had a jaw containing many small but robust teeth. Major fossil finds of this genus have been recorded in Europe with a second species possibly being found in North America. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_updated_reconstruction.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_updated_reconstruction.png/220px-Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_updated_reconstruction.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_updated_reconstruction.png/330px-Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_updated_reconstruction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_updated_reconstruction.png/440px-Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_updated_reconstruction.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Life_restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Life restoration">Life restoration</a> of <i>O. icenicus</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> was a medium-sized ichthyosaur, growing to measure 4 m (13 ft) in length and weighing between 930–950 kg (2,050–2,090 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-Motanietal1999_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motanietal1999-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Motani2005_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motani2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a robust, streamlined body that was nearly as wide as it was tall in frontal view. Like other derived ichthyosaurs <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> had a powerful tail ending in a pronounced bi-lobed caudal fluke whose lower half was formed around the caudal spine whereas the upper lobe was made up entirely from soft tissue. The limbs of <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> were short and rounded with the forelimbs being noticeably larger than the hind limbs. The combination of rather inflexible trunk, powerful caudal fluke and reduced limbs suggests a tail-propelled mode of locomotion with the limbs helping with steering, differing from the <a href="/wiki/Anguilliform" class="mw-redirect" title="Anguilliform">anguilliform</a> (eel-like) way more basal ichthyosaurs swam. The skull of <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> was long with a slender, toothed rostrum and an enlarged posterior portion of the cranium. The dentition was relatively small with robust tooth crowns and the lateral area of the cranium was almost entirely occupied by the animal's massive eyes that gave the genus its name. The proportionally large eyes of <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> measured 22–23 centimetres (8.7–9.1 in) in diameter at the outer margin of the bony sclerotic ring, while the sclerotic aperture itself measured 10 centimetres (3.9 in) in diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-Motanietal1999_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motanietal1999-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery_and_species">Discovery and species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Discovery and species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> was first described by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Seeley" title="Harry Seeley">Harry Seeley</a> in 1874 with particular focus on the morphology of the clavicular bones. Over the years following its description a variety of genera have been sunk into <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-HS74_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HS74-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among them, <i>Apatodontosaurus</i>, <i>Ancanamunia</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Baptanodon" title="Baptanodon">Baptanodon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mollesaurus" title="Mollesaurus">Mollesaurus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Paraophthalmosaurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraophthalmosaurus">Paraophthalmosaurus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Undorosaurus" title="Undorosaurus">Undorosaurus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Yasykovia" class="mw-redirect" title="Yasykovia">Yasykovia</a></i> were all considered <a href="/wiki/Junior_synonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior synonym">junior synonyms</a> of <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> in a study published by Maisch & Matzke in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-Maisch_&_Matzke,_2000_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maisch_&_Matzke,_2000-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, more recent <a href="/wiki/Cladistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cladistic">cladistic</a> analyses have contested Maisch & Matzke's conclusion. <i><a href="/wiki/Mollesaurus" title="Mollesaurus">Mollesaurus periallus</a></i> from <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> was considered a valid genus of ophthalmosaurid by Druckenmiller and Maxwell (2010),<sup id="cite_ref-DM10_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DM10-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fetal11_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fetal11-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Acamptonectes_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acamptonectes-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Paraophthalmosaurus</i> and <i>Yasykovia</i> were both recovered as distinct genera by Storrs <i>et al.</i>, but were later sunk into <i><a href="/wiki/Nannopterygius" title="Nannopterygius">Nannopterygius</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-rus00_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus00-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zverkov2020_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zverkov2020-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <i><a href="/wiki/Undorosaurus" title="Undorosaurus">Undorosaurus</a>'</i>s validity is now accepted by most authors, including Maisch (2010) who originally proposed the synonymy.<sup id="cite_ref-Fetal11_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fetal11-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rus00_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rus00-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McGowan_&_Motani,_2003_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGowan_&_Motani,_2003-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maisch2010_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maisch2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fetal11a_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fetal11a-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two other Russian taxa might be also valid.<sup id="cite_ref-Fetal11_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fetal11-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maisch2010_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maisch2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise the Mexican ophthalmosaurid <i><a href="/wiki/Jabalisaurus" title="Jabalisaurus">Jabalisaurus</a></i> had also been referred to <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> before being described as a distinct species and genus in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Ophthalmosaurus natans</i> was described as <i>Sauranodon</i>, then later renamed to <i><a href="/wiki/Baptanodon" title="Baptanodon">Baptanodon</a></i> by Marsh in 1880. However this decision was questioned not long afterwards with <i>Baptanodon</i> instead being considered an American species of <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i>. Recent analysis have recovered the species as closer to other ophthalmosaurines than to the <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> type species,<sup id="cite_ref-DM10_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DM10-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Acamptonectes_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acamptonectes-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggesting that the previous name should be reinstated. Similarly, <i>Ophthalmosaurus chrisorum</i>, whose holotype has been recovered in Canada and described by Russell in 1993, was moved to its own genus <i><a href="/wiki/Arthropterygius" title="Arthropterygius">Arthropterygius</a></i> in 2010 by Maxwell.<sup id="cite_ref-MEE10_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEE10-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While primarily known from the Jurassic, material from the <a href="/wiki/Spilsby_Sandstone" title="Spilsby Sandstone">Spilsby Sandstone</a> dating to the early <a href="/wiki/Berriasian" title="Berriasian">Berriasian</a> stage of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Cretaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Cretaceous">Lower Cretaceous</a> has been referred to cf. <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> (i.e., either <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> or a closely related species).<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer2012_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer2012-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_Tubingen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_Tubingen.JPG/170px-Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_Tubingen.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_Tubingen.JPG/255px-Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_Tubingen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_Tubingen.JPG/340px-Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_Tubingen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2663" data-file-height="3397" /></a><figcaption><i>O. icenicus</i> in Tübingen</figcaption></figure> <p>Within <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmosauridae" title="Ophthalmosauridae">Ophthalmosauridae</a>, <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> was once considered most closely related to <i><a href="/wiki/Aegirosaurus" title="Aegirosaurus">Aegirosaurus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fernández,_2007_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernández,_2007-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, many recent <a href="/wiki/Cladistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cladistic">cladistic</a> analyses found <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> to nest in a clade with <i><a href="/wiki/Acamptonectes" title="Acamptonectes">Acamptonectes</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mollesaurus" title="Mollesaurus">Mollesaurus</a></i>. <i>Aegirosaurus</i> was found more closely related to <i><a href="/wiki/Platypterygius" title="Platypterygius">Platypterygius</a></i>, and thus does not belong to the <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmosaurinae" title="Ophthalmosaurinae">Ophthalmosaurinae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fetal11_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fetal11-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Acamptonectes_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acamptonectes-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cladogram below follows Fischer <i>et al.</i> 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-Acamptonectes_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acamptonectes-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261294616">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto;display:table}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf p{padding-right:5px;padding-left:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%;line-height:85%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Thunnosauria" title="Thunnosauria">Thunnosauria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosaurus" title="Ichthyosaurus">Ichthyosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Stenopterygius" title="Stenopterygius">Stenopterygius</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Chacaicosaurus" title="Chacaicosaurus">Chacaicosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Ophthalmosauridae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Arthropterygius" title="Arthropterygius">Arthropterygius</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><b>*</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmosaurinae" title="Ophthalmosaurinae">Ophthalmosaurinae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Mollesaurus" title="Mollesaurus">Mollesaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b>Ophthalmosaurus icenicus</b></i> <small>(type species)</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Baptanodon" title="Baptanodon">Baptanodon</a></i> <small>(<i>"O." natans</i>)</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acamptonectes" title="Acamptonectes">Acamptonectes</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Platypterygiinae" title="Platypterygiinae">Platypterygiinae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Brachypterygius" title="Brachypterygius">Brachypterygius</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Maiaspondylus" title="Maiaspondylus">Maiaspondylus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Aegirosaurus" title="Aegirosaurus">Aegirosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sveltonectes" title="Sveltonectes">Sveltonectes</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"<a href="/wiki/Platypterygius" title="Platypterygius">Platypterygius</a>" hercynicus</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Caypullisaurus" title="Caypullisaurus">Caypullisaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Athabascasaurus" title="Athabascasaurus">Athabascasaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"<a href="/wiki/Platypterygius" title="Platypterygius">Platypterygius</a>" australis</i> (=<i>Longirostria</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Platypterygius_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platypterygius-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The following cladogram shows a possible phylogenetic position of <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> in Ophthalmosauridae according to the analysis performed by Zverkov and Jacobs (2020).<sup id="cite_ref-Zverkov2020_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zverkov2020-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ophthalmosauria">Ophthalmosauria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmosaurinae" title="Ophthalmosaurinae">Ophthalmosaurinae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acamptonectes" title="Acamptonectes">Acamptonectes densus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Mollesaurus" title="Mollesaurus">Mollesaurus periallus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b>Ophthalmosaurus natans</b></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b>Ophthalmosaurus icenicus</b></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gengasaurus_nicosiai" class="mw-redirect" title="Gengasaurus nicosiai">Gengasaurus nicosiai</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nannopterygius" title="Nannopterygius">Nannopterygius yasykovi</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nannopterygius" title="Nannopterygius">Nannopterygius enthekiodon</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nannopterygius" title="Nannopterygius">Nannopterygius saveljeviensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nannopterygius" title="Nannopterygius">Nannopterygius borealis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Arthropterygius" title="Arthropterygius">Arthropterygius volgensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Arthropterygius" title="Arthropterygius">Arthropterygius lundi</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Arthropterygius" title="Arthropterygius">Arthropterygius thalassonotus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Arthropterygius" title="Arthropterygius">Arthropterygius hoybergeti</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Arthropterygius" title="Arthropterygius">Arthropterygius chrisorum</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Platypterygiinae" title="Platypterygiinae">Platypterygiinae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Brachypterygius_extremus" class="mw-redirect" title="Brachypterygius extremus">Brachypterygius extremus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Aegirosaurus_leptospondylus" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegirosaurus leptospondylus">Aegirosaurus leptospondylus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Muiscasaurus_catheti" class="mw-redirect" title="Muiscasaurus catheti">Muiscasaurus catheti</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Leninia_stellans" class="mw-redirect" title="Leninia stellans">Leninia stellans</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sveltonectes_insolitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sveltonectes insolitus">Sveltonectes insolitus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Athabascasaurus_bitumineus" class="mw-redirect" title="Athabascasaurus bitumineus">Athabascasaurus bitumineus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Platypterygius_americanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Platypterygius americanus">Platypterygius americanus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Acuetzpalin" title="Acuetzpalin">Acuetzpalin carranzai</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Platypterygius_sachicarum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platypterygius sachicarum">Platypterygius sachicarum</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Caypullisaurus_bonapartei" class="mw-redirect" title="Caypullisaurus bonapartei">Caypullisaurus bonapartei</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Grendelius_mordax" class="mw-redirect" title="Grendelius mordax">Grendelius mordax</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Grendelius_alekseevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Grendelius alekseevi">Grendelius alekseevi</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Grendelius" title="Grendelius">Grendelius pseudoscythicus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Grendelius" title="Grendelius">Grendelius zhuravlevi</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Undorosaurus" title="Undorosaurus">Undorosaurus kielanae</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Undorosaurus" title="Undorosaurus">Undorosaurus nessovi</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Undorosaurus" title="Undorosaurus">Undorosaurus gorodischensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Platypterygius_australis" class="mw-redirect" title="Platypterygius australis">Platypterygius australis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Plutoniosaurus_bedengensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutoniosaurus bedengensis">Plutoniosaurus bedengensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Simbirskiasaurus" title="Simbirskiasaurus">Simbirskiasaurus birjukovi</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Platypterygius_hercynicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Platypterygius hercynicus">Platypterygius hercynicus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sisteronia_seeleyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisteronia seeleyi">Sisteronia seeleyi</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Platypterygius" title="Platypterygius">Platypterygius platydactylus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Maiaspondylus_lindoei" class="mw-redirect" title="Maiaspondylus lindoei">Maiaspondylus lindoei</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palaeobiology">Palaeobiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Palaeobiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ophthalmosaurus icenicus</i> possessed small teeth with robust tooth crowns and signs of slight wear differing notably from the robust teeth of later species of <i><a href="/wiki/Platypterygius" title="Platypterygius">Platypterygius</a></i>, known to have hunted large prey including turtles and birds, and the minute teeth of <i>Baptanodon</i>, interpreted to be a soft prey specialist. Fischer <i>et al.</i> (2016) conclude that this intermediary tooth morphology indicates that <i>Ophthalmosaurus icenicus</i> was most likely a generalist predator, feeding on a variety of smaller prey items.<sup id="cite_ref-EI16_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI16-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> could likely dive for around 20 minutes. Assuming a conservative cruising speed of 1 metre per second (3.3 ft/s) (2 metres per second (6.6 ft/s) being more likely), <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> could reach depths of 600 metres (2,000 ft) or more during a dive, reaching the <a href="/wiki/Mesopelagic_zone" title="Mesopelagic zone">mesopelagic zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Motani2005_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motani2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, while studies on the biomechanics of <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> suggests that such feats could be physically achieved, studies on the environment of the Peterborough member of the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Clay" title="Oxford Clay">Oxford Clay</a> suggest that <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i> instead inhabited relatively shallow waters there, being determined to have been just 50 metres (160 ft) deep at a distance of 150 kilometres (93 mi) from the shore.<sup id="cite_ref-OC91_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OC91-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pleuroceras_ammonite_with_no_background.png/28px-Pleuroceras_ammonite_with_no_background.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pleuroceras_ammonite_with_no_background.png/42px-Pleuroceras_ammonite_with_no_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pleuroceras_ammonite_with_no_background.png/56px-Pleuroceras_ammonite_with_no_background.png 2x" data-file-width="2839" data-file-height="2839" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Paleontology" title="Portal:Paleontology">Paleontology portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ichthyosaurs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ichthyosaurs">List of ichthyosaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ichthyosaur_research" title="Timeline of ichthyosaur research">Timeline of ichthyosaur research</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Moon2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moon2016_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMoonKirton2016" class="citation journal cs1">Moon, B. C.; Kirton, A. M. (2016). "Ichthyosaurs of the British Middle and Upper Jurassic. Part 1, <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i>". <i>Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society</i>. <b>170</b> (647): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>84. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MPalS.170....1M">2016MPalS.170....1M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02693445.2016.11963958">10.1080/02693445.2016.11963958</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1983%2F983f82bf-a391-4cbc-b313-1fc754017eef">1983/983f82bf-a391-4cbc-b313-1fc754017eef</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:133288616">133288616</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monographs+of+the+Palaeontographical+Society&rft.atitle=Ichthyosaurs+of+the+British+Middle+and+Upper+Jurassic.+Part+1%2C+Ophthalmosaurus&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=647&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E84&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1983%2F983f82bf-a391-4cbc-b313-1fc754017eef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A133288616%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02693445.2016.11963958&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016MPalS.170....1M&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=B.+C.&rft.au=Kirton%2C+A.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Motanietal1999-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Motanietal1999_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Motanietal1999_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Motanietal1999_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotaniRothschildWahl1999" class="citation journal cs1">Motani, Ryosuke; Rothschild, Bruce M.; Wahl, William (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118225908/http://mygeologypage.ucdavis.edu/motani/pdf/motanietal1999.pdf">"Large eyeballs in diving ichthyosaurs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>402</b> (6763): 747. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Natur.402..747M">1999Natur.402..747M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F45435">10.1038/45435</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5432366">5432366</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mygeologypage.ucdavis.edu/motani/pdf/motanietal1999.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Large+eyeballs+in+diving+ichthyosaurs&rft.volume=402&rft.issue=6763&rft.pages=747&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F45435&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A5432366%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999Natur.402..747M&rft.aulast=Motani&rft.aufirst=Ryosuke&rft.au=Rothschild%2C+Bruce+M.&rft.au=Wahl%2C+William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmygeologypage.ucdavis.edu%2Fmotani%2Fpdf%2Fmotanietal1999.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Motani2005-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Motani2005_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Motani2005_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Motani2005_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotani2005" class="citation journal cs1">Motani, Ryosuke (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190707185003/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ab6f/98d1a830fb355af8162d3fd513d74dcd2f1a.pdf">"Evolution of fish-shaped reptiles (Reptilia: Ichthyopterygia) in their physical environments and constraints"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences</i>. <b>33</b>: <span class="nowrap">395–</span>420. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AREPS..33..395M">2005AREPS..33..395M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.earth.33.092203.122707">10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122707</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54742104">54742104</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ab6f/98d1a830fb355af8162d3fd513d74dcd2f1a.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2019-07-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Earth+and+Planetary+Sciences&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+fish-shaped+reptiles+%28Reptilia%3A+Ichthyopterygia%29+in+their+physical+environments+and+constraints&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E395-%3C%2Fspan%3E420&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A54742104%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.earth.33.092203.122707&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005AREPS..33..395M&rft.aulast=Motani&rft.aufirst=Ryosuke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.semanticscholar.org%2Fab6f%2F98d1a830fb355af8162d3fd513d74dcd2f1a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwab2002" class="citation journal cs1">Schwab, Ivan R (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1771016">"My, what big eyes you have . . "</a>. <i>The British Journal of Ophthalmology</i>. <b>86</b> (2): 130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbjo.86.2.130">10.1136/bjo.86.2.130</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-1161">0007-1161</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1771016">1771016</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11855367">11855367</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+of+Ophthalmology&rft.atitle=My%2C+what+big+eyes+you+have+.+.+.&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=130&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1771016%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0007-1161&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11855367&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbjo.86.2.130&rft.aulast=Schwab&rft.aufirst=Ivan+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1771016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HS74-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HS74_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH.G._Seeley1874" class="citation journal cs1">H.G. Seeley (1874). "On the Pectoral Arch and Fore Limbs of <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i>, a new Ichthyosaurian Genus from the Oxford Clay". <i>Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society</i>. <b>30</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>4): <span class="nowrap">696–</span>707. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1144%2Fgsl.jgs.1874.030.01-04.64">10.1144/gsl.jgs.1874.030.01-04.64</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129725722">129725722</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Journal+of+the+Geological+Society&rft.atitle=On+the+Pectoral+Arch+and+Fore+Limbs+of+Ophthalmosaurus%2C+a+new+Ichthyosaurian+Genus+from+the+Oxford+Clay&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E696-%3C%2Fspan%3E707&rft.date=1874&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1144%2Fgsl.jgs.1874.030.01-04.64&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129725722%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=H.G.+Seeley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maisch_&_Matzke,_2000-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maisch_&_Matzke,_2000_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maisch MW, Matzke AT. 2000. The Ichthyosauria. <i>Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie)</i> <b>298</b>: 1-159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DM10-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DM10_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DM10_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_S._DruckenmillerErin_E._Maxwell2010" class="citation journal cs1">Patrick S. Druckenmiller; Erin E. Maxwell (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?calyLang=eng&journal=cjes&volume=47&year=0&issue=8&msno=e10-028">"A new Lower Cretaceous (lower Albian) ichthyosaur genus from the Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada"</a>. <i>Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences</i>. <b>47</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">1037–</span>1053. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010CaJES..47.1037D">2010CaJES..47.1037D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2FE10-028">10.1139/E10-028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Earth+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+new+Lower+Cretaceous+%28lower+Albian%29+ichthyosaur+genus+from+the+Clearwater+Formation%2C+Alberta%2C+Canada&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1037-%3C%2Fspan%3E1053&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2FE10-028&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010CaJES..47.1037D&rft.au=Patrick+S.+Druckenmiller&rft.au=Erin+E.+Maxwell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca%2Frparticle%2FAbstractTemplateServlet%3FcalyLang%3Deng%26journal%3Dcjes%26volume%3D47%26year%3D0%26issue%3D8%26msno%3De10-028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fetal11-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fetal11_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fetal11_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fetal11_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fetal11_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischerEdwige_MasureMaxim_S._ArkhangelskyPascal_Godefroit2011" class="citation journal cs1">Fischer, Valentin; Edwige Masure; Maxim S. Arkhangelsky; <a href="/wiki/Pascal_Godefroit" title="Pascal Godefroit">Pascal Godefroit</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/92828">"A new Barremian (Early Cretaceous) ichthyosaur from western Russia"</a>. <i>Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology</i>. <b>31</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">1010–</span>1025. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JVPal..31.1010F">2011JVPal..31.1010F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02724634.2011.595464">10.1080/02724634.2011.595464</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2268%2F92828">2268/92828</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86036325">86036325</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=A+new+Barremian+%28Early+Cretaceous%29+ichthyosaur+from+western+Russia&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1010-%3C%2Fspan%3E1025&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2268%2F92828&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A86036325%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02724634.2011.595464&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011JVPal..31.1010F&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Valentin&rft.au=Edwige+Masure&rft.au=Maxim+S.+Arkhangelsky&rft.au=Pascal+Godefroit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forbi.uliege.be%2Fhandle%2F2268%2F92828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acamptonectes-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acamptonectes_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acamptonectes_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acamptonectes_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acamptonectes_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValentin_FischerMichael_W._MaischDarren_NaishRalf_Kosma2012" class="citation journal cs1">Valentin Fischer; Michael W. Maisch; Darren Naish; Ralf Kosma; Jeff Liston; Ulrich Joger; Fritz J. Krüger; Judith Pardo Pérez; Jessica Tainsh; Robert M. Appleby (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250416">"New Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaurs from the European Lower Cretaceous Demonstrate Extensive Ichthyosaur Survival across the Jurassic–Cretaceous Boundary"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>7</b> (1): e29234. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PLoSO...729234F">2012PLoSO...729234F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0029234">10.1371/journal.pone.0029234</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250416">3250416</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22235274">22235274</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=New+Ophthalmosaurid+Ichthyosaurs+from+the+European+Lower+Cretaceous+Demonstrate+Extensive+Ichthyosaur+Survival+across+the+Jurassic%E2%80%93Cretaceous+Boundary&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=e29234&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3250416%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22235274&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0029234&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012PLoSO...729234F&rft.au=Valentin+Fischer&rft.au=Michael+W.+Maisch&rft.au=Darren+Naish&rft.au=Ralf+Kosma&rft.au=Jeff+Liston&rft.au=Ulrich+Joger&rft.au=Fritz+J.+Kr%C3%BCger&rft.au=Judith+Pardo+P%C3%A9rez&rft.au=Jessica+Tainsh&rft.au=Robert+M.+Appleby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3250416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rus00-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rus00_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rus00_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorrsVladimir_M._EfimovMaxim_S._Arkhangelsky2000" class="citation book cs1">Storrs, Glenn W.; Vladimir M. Efimov; Maxim S. Arkhangelsky (2000). "Mesozoic marine reptiles of Russia and other former Soviet republics". In Benton, M.J.; Shishkin, M.A.; Unwin, D.M. (eds.). <i>The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">140–</span>210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521545822" title="Special:BookSources/9780521545822"><bdi>9780521545822</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mesozoic+marine+reptiles+of+Russia+and+other+former+Soviet+republics&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Dinosaurs+in+Russia+and+Mongolia&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E140-%3C%2Fspan%3E210&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780521545822&rft.aulast=Storrs&rft.aufirst=Glenn+W.&rft.au=Vladimir+M.+Efimov&rft.au=Maxim+S.+Arkhangelsky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. G. Zverkov, M. S. Arkhangelsky and I. M. Stenshin (2015) A review of Russian Upper Jurassic ichthyosaurs with an intermedium/humeral contact. Reassessing Grendelius McGowan, 1976. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute 318(4): 558-588</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zverkov2020-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zverkov2020_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zverkov2020_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNikolay_G._ZverkovMegan_L._Jacobs2021" class="citation journal cs1">Nikolay G. Zverkov & Megan L. Jacobs (2021) [First published 2020]. "Revision of <i>Nannopterygius</i> (Ichthyosauria: Ophthalmosauridae): reappraisal of the 'inaccessible' holotype resolves a taxonomic tangle and reveals an obscure ophthalmosaurid lineage with a wide distribution". <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</i>. <b>191</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">228–</span>275. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlaa028">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoological+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=Revision+of+Nannopterygius+%28Ichthyosauria%3A+Ophthalmosauridae%29%3A+reappraisal+of+the+%27inaccessible%27+holotype+resolves+a+taxonomic+tangle+and+reveals+an+obscure+ophthalmosaurid+lineage+with+a+wide+distribution&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E228-%3C%2Fspan%3E275&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlaa028&rft.au=Nikolay+G.+Zverkov&rft.au=Megan+L.+Jacobs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGowan_&_Motani,_2003-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McGowan_&_Motani,_2003_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGowan C, Motani R. 2003. Ichthyopterygia. – In: Sues, H.-D. (ed.): <i>Handbook of Paleoherpetology, Part 8, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil</i>, 175 pp., 101 figs., 19 plts; München</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maisch2010-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maisch2010_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maisch2010_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_W._Maisch2010" class="citation journal cs1">Michael W. Maisch (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palaeodiversity.org/pdf/03/Palaeodiversity_Bd3_Maisch.pdf">"Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria – the state of the art"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Palaeodiversity</i>. <b>3</b>: <span class="nowrap">151–</span>214.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palaeodiversity&rft.atitle=Phylogeny%2C+systematics%2C+and+origin+of+the+Ichthyosauria+%E2%80%93+the+state+of+the+art&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E151-%3C%2Fspan%3E214&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Michael+W.+Maisch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palaeodiversity.org%2Fpdf%2F03%2FPalaeodiversity_Bd3_Maisch.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fetal11a-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fetal11a_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischerA._ClementM._GuiomarP._Godefroit2011" class="citation journal cs1">Fischer, V.; A. Clement; M. Guiomar; P. Godefroit (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/79923">"The first definite record of a Valanginian ichthyosaur and its implications on the evolution of post-Liassic Ichthyosauria"</a>. <i>Cretaceous Research</i>. <b>32</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">155–</span>163. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011CrRes..32..155F">2011CrRes..32..155F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2010.11.005">10.1016/j.cretres.2010.11.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2268%2F79923">2268/79923</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:45794618">45794618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cretaceous+Research&rft.atitle=The+first+definite+record+of+a+Valanginian+ichthyosaur+and+its+implications+on+the+evolution+of+post-Liassic+Ichthyosauria&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E155-%3C%2Fspan%3E163&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2268%2F79923&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A45794618%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2010.11.005&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011CrRes..32..155F&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.au=A.+Clement&rft.au=M.+Guiomar&rft.au=P.+Godefroit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forbi.uliege.be%2Fhandle%2F2268%2F79923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrientos-LaraAlvarado-Ortega2021" class="citation journal cs1">Barrientos-Lara, Jair Israel; Alvarado-Ortega, Jesús (2021-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S089598112100345X">"A new ophthalmosaurid (Ichthyosauria) from the Upper Kimmeridgian deposits of the La Casita Formation, near Gómez Farías, Coahuila, northern Mexico"</a>. <i>Journal of South American Earth Sciences</i>. <b>111</b>: 103499. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021JSAES.11103499B">2021JSAES.11103499B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jsames.2021.103499">10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103499</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0895-9811">0895-9811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+South+American+Earth+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+new+ophthalmosaurid+%28Ichthyosauria%29+from+the+Upper+Kimmeridgian+deposits+of+the+La+Casita+Formation%2C+near+G%C3%B3mez+Far%C3%ADas%2C+Coahuila%2C+northern+Mexico&rft.volume=111&rft.pages=103499&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft.issn=0895-9811&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jsames.2021.103499&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021JSAES.11103499B&rft.aulast=Barrientos-Lara&rft.aufirst=Jair+Israel&rft.au=Alvarado-Ortega%2C+Jes%C3%BAs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS089598112100345X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaparellaMaxwellCiprianiRoncacè2017" class="citation journal cs1">Paparella, Ilaria; Maxwell, Erin E.; Cipriani, Angelo; Roncacè, Scilla; Caldwell, Michael W. (2017). "The first ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic of the Umbrian-Marchean Apennines (Marche, Central Italy)". <i>Geological Magazine</i>. <b>154</b> (4): 837. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoM..154..837P">2017GeoM..154..837P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0016756816000455">10.1017/S0016756816000455</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:132955874">132955874</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geological+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+first+ophthalmosaurid+ichthyosaur+from+the+Upper+Jurassic+of+the+Umbrian-Marchean+Apennines+%28Marche%2C+Central+Italy%29&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=837&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A132955874%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0016756816000455&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017GeoM..154..837P&rft.aulast=Paparella&rft.aufirst=Ilaria&rft.au=Maxwell%2C+Erin+E.&rft.au=Cipriani%2C+Angelo&rft.au=Roncac%C3%A8%2C+Scilla&rft.au=Caldwell%2C+Michael+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEE10-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MEE10_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaxwell2010" class="citation journal cs1">Maxwell, E.E. (2010). "Generic reassignment of an ichthyosaur from the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Northwest Territories, Canada". <i>Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology</i>. <b>30</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">403–</span>415. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JVPal..30..403M">2010JVPal..30..403M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02724631003617944">10.1080/02724631003617944</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85143039">85143039</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=Generic+reassignment+of+an+ichthyosaur+from+the+Queen+Elizabeth+Islands%2C+Northwest+Territories%2C+Canada&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E403-%3C%2Fspan%3E415&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A85143039%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02724631003617944&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010JVPal..30..403M&rft.aulast=Maxwell&rft.aufirst=E.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer2012-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fischer2012_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischerMaischNaishKosma2012" class="citation journal cs1">Fischer, V.; Maisch, M. W.; Naish, D.; Kosma, R.; Liston, J.; Joger, U.; Krüger, F. J.; Pérez, J. P.; Tainsh, J.; Appleby, R. M.; Fenton, B. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250416">"New ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs from the European Lower Cretaceous demonstrate extensive ichthyosaur survival across the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>7</b> (1): e29234. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PLoSO...729234F">2012PLoSO...729234F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0029234">10.1371/journal.pone.0029234</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250416">3250416</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22235274">22235274</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=New+ophthalmosaurid+ichthyosaurs+from+the+European+Lower+Cretaceous+demonstrate+extensive+ichthyosaur+survival+across+the+Jurassic%E2%80%93Cretaceous+boundary&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=e29234&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3250416%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22235274&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0029234&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012PLoSO...729234F&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.au=Maisch%2C+M.+W.&rft.au=Naish%2C+D.&rft.au=Kosma%2C+R.&rft.au=Liston%2C+J.&rft.au=Joger%2C+U.&rft.au=Kr%C3%BCger%2C+F.+J.&rft.au=P%C3%A9rez%2C+J.+P.&rft.au=Tainsh%2C+J.&rft.au=Appleby%2C+R.+M.&rft.au=Fenton%2C+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3250416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fernández,_2007-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fernández,_2007_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fernández M. 2007. Redescription and phylogenetic position of <i>Caypullisaurus</i> (Ichthyosauria: Ophthalmosauridae). <i>Journal of Paleontology</i> <b>81</b> (2): 368-375.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platypterygius-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platypterygius_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arkhangel’sky, M. S., 1998, On the Ichthyosaurian Genus Platypterygius: Palaeontological Journal, v. 32, n. 6, p. 611-615.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI16-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EI16_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischerBardetBensonArkhangelsky2016" class="citation journal cs1">Fischer, V.; Bardet, N.; Benson, R.B.J.; Arkhangelsky, M.S.; Friedman, M. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4786747">"Extinction of Fish-shaped Marine Reptiles Associated with Reduced Evolutionary Rates and Global Environmental Volatility"</a>. <i>Nature Communications</i>. <b>7</b>: 10825. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatCo...710825F">2016NatCo...710825F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms10825">10.1038/ncomms10825</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4786747">4786747</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26953824">26953824</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Extinction+of+Fish-shaped+Marine+Reptiles+Associated+with+Reduced+Evolutionary+Rates+and+Global+Environmental+Volatility&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=10825&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4786747%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26953824&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fncomms10825&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016NatCo...710825F&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.au=Bardet%2C+N.&rft.au=Benson%2C+R.B.J.&rft.au=Arkhangelsky%2C+M.S.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4786747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OC91-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OC91_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudsonMartill1991" class="citation journal cs1">Hudson, John D.; Martill, David M. (1991). "The Lower Oxford Clay: production and preservation of organic matter in the Callovian (Jurassic) of central England". <i>Geological Society, London, Special Publications</i>. <b>58</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">363–</span>379. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991GSLSP..58..363H">1991GSLSP..58..363H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1144%2FGSL.SP.1991.058.01.23">10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.23</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129388168">129388168</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geological+Society%2C+London%2C+Special+Publications&rft.atitle=The+Lower+Oxford+Clay%3A+production+and+preservation+of+organic+matter+in+the+Callovian+%28Jurassic%29+of+central+England&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E363-%3C%2Fspan%3E379&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129388168%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1144%2FGSL.SP.1991.058.01.23&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991GSLSP..58..363H&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.au=Martill%2C+David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOphthalmosaurus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070717210150/http://www.abc.net.au/dinosaurs/fact_files/sea/ophthalmo.htm">Walking With Dinosaurs - Fact File: <i>Ophthalmosaurus</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ichthyosauromorpha324" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ichthyosauromorpha" title="Template:Ichthyosauromorpha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ichthyosauromorpha" title="Template talk:Ichthyosauromorpha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ichthyosauromorpha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ichthyosauromorpha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ichthyosauromorpha324" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosauromorpha" title="Ichthyosauromorpha">Ichthyosauromorpha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Class:_Sauropsida_*_Subclass:_Diapsida_*_Clade:_Neodiapsida324" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></li> <li>Subclass: <a href="/wiki/Diapsid" title="Diapsid">Diapsida</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Neodiapsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodiapsida">Neodiapsida</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sauropsida14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Sauropsida" title="Template:Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosauromorpha" title="Ichthyosauromorpha">Ichthyosauromorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Ichthyosauromorpha324" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosauromorpha" title="Ichthyosauromorpha">Ichthyosauromorpha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ichthyosauromorpha310" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosauromorpha" title="Ichthyosauromorpha">Ichthyosauromorpha</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Baisesaurus" title="Baisesaurus">Baisesaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hupehsuchia" title="Hupehsuchia">Hupehsuchia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eohupehsuchus" title="Eohupehsuchus">Eohupehsuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanchangosaurus" title="Nanchangosaurus">Nanchangosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hupehsuchidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hupehsuchidae">Hupehsuchidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hupehsuchus" title="Hupehsuchus">Hupehsuchus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parahupehsuchinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Parahupehsuchinae">Parahupehsuchinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eretmorhipis" title="Eretmorhipis">Eretmorhipis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parahupehsuchus" title="Parahupehsuchus">Parahupehsuchus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosauriformes" title="Ichthyosauriformes">Ichthyosauriformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Omphalosauridae" title="Omphalosauridae">Omphalosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cartorhynchus" title="Cartorhynchus">Cartorhynchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omphalosaurus" title="Omphalosaurus">Omphalosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sclerocormus" title="Sclerocormus">Sclerocormus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ichthyopterygia" title="Ichthyopterygia">Ichthyopterygia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Isfjordosaurus" title="Isfjordosaurus">Isfjordosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaohusaurus" title="Chaohusaurus">Chaohusaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thaisaurus" title="Thaisaurus">Thaisaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eoichthyosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Eoichthyosauria">Eoichthyosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grippidia" class="mw-redirect" title="Grippidia">Grippidia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Parvinatator" title="Parvinatator">Parvinatator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Utatsusaurus" title="Utatsusaurus">Utatsusaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grippiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grippiidae">Grippiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gulosaurus" title="Gulosaurus">Gulosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grippia" title="Grippia">Grippia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosauria" title="Ichthyosauria">Ichthyosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hupehsuchus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hupehsuchus nanchangensis"><img alt="Hupehsuchus nanchangensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Hupehsuchus.jpg/140px-Hupehsuchus.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Hupehsuchus.jpg/210px-Hupehsuchus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Hupehsuchus.jpg/280px-Hupehsuchus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2244" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Utatsusaurus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Utatsusaurus hataii"><img alt="Utatsusaurus hataii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Utatsusaurus_BW.jpg/140px-Utatsusaurus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Utatsusaurus_BW.jpg/210px-Utatsusaurus_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Utatsusaurus_BW.jpg/280px-Utatsusaurus_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="372" /></a></span> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grippia1DB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grippia longirostris"><img alt="Grippia longirostris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Grippia1DB.jpg/140px-Grippia1DB.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Grippia1DB.jpg/210px-Grippia1DB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Grippia1DB.jpg/280px-Grippia1DB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="735" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Ichthyosauria324" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosauria" title="Ichthyosauria">Ichthyosauria</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ichthyosauria305" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosauria" title="Ichthyosauria">Ichthyosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Quasianosteosaurus" title="Quasianosteosaurus">Quasianosteosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tholodus" title="Tholodus">Tholodus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xinminosaurus" title="Xinminosaurus">Xinminosaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cymbospondylidae20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cymbospondylidae" title="Cymbospondylidae">Cymbospondylidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbospondylus" title="Cymbospondylus">Cymbospondylus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phantomosaurus" title="Phantomosaurus">Phantomosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thalattoarchon" title="Thalattoarchon">Thalattoarchon</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xinminosaurus" title="Xinminosaurus">Xinminosaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Hueneosauria" title="Hueneosauria">Hueneosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cymbospondylidae" title="Cymbospondylidae">Cymbospondylidae</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixosauridae" title="Mixosauridae">Mixosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Barracudasauroides" title="Barracudasauroides">Barracudasauroides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Contectopalatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Contectopalatus">Contectopalatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mixosaurus" title="Mixosaurus">Mixosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phalarodon" title="Phalarodon">Phalarodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Merriamosauria" title="Merriamosauria">Merriamosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Besanosaurus" title="Besanosaurus">Besanosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guizhouichthyosaurus" title="Guizhouichthyosaurus">Guizhouichthyosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pessopteryx" title="Pessopteryx">Pessopteryx</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wimanius" title="Wimanius">Wimanius</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shastasauridae" title="Shastasauridae">Shastasauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Besanosaurus" title="Besanosaurus">Besanosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guanlingsaurus" title="Guanlingsaurus">Guanlingsaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guizhouichthyosaurus" title="Guizhouichthyosaurus">Guizhouichthyosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himalayasaurus" title="Himalayasaurus">Himalayasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ichthyotitan" title="Ichthyotitan">Ichthyotitan</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shastasaurus" title="Shastasaurus">Shastasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shonisaurus" title="Shonisaurus">Shonisaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Euichthyosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Euichthyosauria">Euichthyosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Auroroborealia" title="Auroroborealia">Auroroborealia</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Californosaurus" title="Californosaurus">Californosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callawayia" title="Callawayia">Callawayia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guizhouichthyosaurus" title="Guizhouichthyosaurus">Guizhouichthyosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mikadocephalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikadocephalus">Mikadocephalus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shonisaurus" title="Shonisaurus">Shonisaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Toretocnemidae" title="Toretocnemidae">Toretocnemidae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Qianichthyosaurus" title="Qianichthyosaurus">Qianichthyosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toretocnemus" title="Toretocnemus">Toretocnemus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parvipelvia" title="Parvipelvia">Parvipelvia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nomina_dubia33" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">Nomina dubia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Barracudasaurus" title="Barracudasaurus">Barracudasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pachygonosaurus" title="Pachygonosaurus">Pachygonosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pessosaurus" title="Pessosaurus">Pessosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphaerodontes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphaerodontes (page does not exist)">Sphaerodontes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svalbardosaurus" title="Svalbardosaurus">Svalbardosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetosaurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibetosaurus (page does not exist)">Tibetosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cymbospondylus_petrinus_SW_Small.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cymbospondylus petrinus"><img alt="Cymbospondylus petrinus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Cymbospondylus_petrinus_SW_Small.png/140px-Cymbospondylus_petrinus_SW_Small.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Cymbospondylus_petrinus_SW_Small.png/210px-Cymbospondylus_petrinus_SW_Small.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Cymbospondylus_petrinus_SW_Small.png/280px-Cymbospondylus_petrinus_SW_Small.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="475" /></a></span> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PhalarodonDB15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phalarodon"><img alt="Phalarodon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/PhalarodonDB15.jpg/140px-PhalarodonDB15.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/PhalarodonDB15.jpg/210px-PhalarodonDB15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/PhalarodonDB15.jpg/280px-PhalarodonDB15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2415" data-file-height="850" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shonisaurus_popularisDB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shonisaurus popularis"><img alt="Shonisaurus popularis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shonisaurus_popularisDB.jpg/140px-Shonisaurus_popularisDB.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shonisaurus_popularisDB.jpg/210px-Shonisaurus_popularisDB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shonisaurus_popularisDB.jpg/280px-Shonisaurus_popularisDB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Californosaurus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Californosaurus perrini"><img alt="Californosaurus perrini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Californosaurus_BW.jpg/140px-Californosaurus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Californosaurus_BW.jpg/210px-Californosaurus_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Californosaurus_BW.jpg/280px-Californosaurus_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="288" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Parvipelvia324" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parvipelvia" title="Parvipelvia">Parvipelvia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Parvipelvia303" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Parvipelvia" title="Parvipelvia">Parvipelvia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudsonelpidia" title="Hudsonelpidia">Hudsonelpidia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macgowania" title="Macgowania">Macgowania</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Neoichthyosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoichthyosauria">Neoichthyosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dearcmhara" title="Dearcmhara">Dearcmhara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hauffiopteryx" title="Hauffiopteryx">Hauffiopteryx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suevoleviathan" title="Suevoleviathan">Suevoleviathan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Temnodontosauroidea?24" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temnodontosauroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Temnodontosauroidea">Temnodontosauroidea</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Temnodontosaurus" title="Temnodontosaurus">Temnodontosaurus</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leptonectidae" title="Leptonectidae">Leptonectidae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eurhinosaurus" title="Eurhinosaurus">Eurhinosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Excalibosaurus" title="Excalibosaurus">Excalibosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leptonectes" title="Leptonectes">Leptonectes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wahlisaurus" title="Wahlisaurus">Wahlisaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Thunnosauria" title="Thunnosauria">Thunnosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ichthyosauridae19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosauridae" title="Ichthyosauridae">Ichthyosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosaurus" title="Ichthyosaurus">Ichthyosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malawania" title="Malawania">Malawania</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protoichthyosaurus" title="Protoichthyosaurus">Protoichthyosaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Baracromia" class="mw-redirect" title="Baracromia">Baracromia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chacaicosaurus" title="Chacaicosaurus">Chacaicosaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stenopterygiidae" title="Stenopterygiidae">Stenopterygiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnipterygius" title="Magnipterygius">Magnipterygius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stenopterygius" title="Stenopterygius">Stenopterygius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ophthalmosauria307" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ophthalmosauria">Ophthalmosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Argovisaurus" title="Argovisaurus">Argovisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delphinosaurus" title="Delphinosaurus">Delphinosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macropterygius" title="Macropterygius">Macropterygius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmosauridae" title="Ophthalmosauridae">Ophthalmosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arthropterygius" title="Arthropterygius">Arthropterygius</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gengasaurus" title="Gengasaurus">Gengasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jabalisaurus" title="Jabalisaurus">Jabalisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Janusaurus" title="Janusaurus">Janusaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myobradypterygius" title="Myobradypterygius">Myobradypterygius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nannopterygius" title="Nannopterygius">Nannopterygius</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palvennia" title="Palvennia">Palvennia</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thalassodraco" title="Thalassodraco">Thalassodraco</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmosaurinae" title="Ophthalmosaurinae">Ophthalmosaurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acamptonectes" title="Acamptonectes">Acamptonectes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baptanodon" title="Baptanodon">Baptanodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mollesaurus" title="Mollesaurus">Mollesaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ophthalmosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platypterygiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Platypterygiidae">Platypterygiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acuetzpalin" title="Acuetzpalin">Acuetzpalin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aegirosaurus" title="Aegirosaurus">Aegirosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arthropterygius" title="Arthropterygius">Arthropterygius</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Athabascasaurus" title="Athabascasaurus">Athabascasaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brachypterygius" title="Brachypterygius">Brachypterygius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catutosaurus" title="Catutosaurus">Catutosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryopterygius" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryopterygius">Cryopterygius</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grendelius" title="Grendelius">Grendelius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Janusaurus" title="Janusaurus">Janusaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstanosaurus" title="Kazakhstanosaurus">Kazakhstanosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keilhauia" title="Keilhauia">Keilhauia</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muiscasaurus" title="Muiscasaurus">Muiscasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palvennia" title="Palvennia">Palvennia</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parrassaurus" title="Parrassaurus">Parrassaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pervushovisaurus" title="Pervushovisaurus">Pervushovisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sumpalla" title="Sumpalla">Sumpalla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sveltonectes" title="Sveltonectes">Sveltonectes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Undorosaurus" title="Undorosaurus">Undorosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platypterygiinae" title="Platypterygiinae">Platypterygiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caypullisaurus" title="Caypullisaurus">Caypullisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyhytysuka" title="Kyhytysuka">Kyhytysuka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leninia" title="Leninia">Leninia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maiaspondylus" title="Maiaspondylus">Maiaspondylus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Platypterygius" title="Platypterygius">Platypterygius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plutoniosaurus" title="Plutoniosaurus">Plutoniosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Simbirskiasaurus" title="Simbirskiasaurus">Simbirskiasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sisteronia" title="Sisteronia">Sisteronia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Excalibosaurus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Excalibosaurus costini"><img alt="Excalibosaurus costini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Excalibosaurus_BW.jpg/140px-Excalibosaurus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Excalibosaurus_BW.jpg/210px-Excalibosaurus_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Excalibosaurus_BW.jpg/280px-Excalibosaurus_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="269" /></a></span> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_updated_reconstruction.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ophthalmosaurus icenicus"><img alt="Ophthalmosaurus icenicus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_updated_reconstruction.png/140px-Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_updated_reconstruction.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_updated_reconstruction.png/210px-Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_updated_reconstruction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_updated_reconstruction.png/280px-Ophthalmosaurus_icenicus_updated_reconstruction.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Platypterigius_longmani_DB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Platypterigius longmani"><img alt="Platypterigius longmani" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Platypterigius_longmani_DB.jpg/140px-Platypterigius_longmani_DB.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Platypterigius_longmani_DB.jpg/210px-Platypterigius_longmani_DB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Platypterigius_longmani_DB.jpg/280px-Platypterigius_longmani_DB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="707" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_categories324" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related categories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ichthyosaurs" title="Category:Ichthyosaurs">Ichthyosaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marine_reptiles" title="Category:Marine reptiles">Marine reptiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Triassic_reptiles" title="Category:Triassic reptiles">Triassic reptiles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers1680" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers1680" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Ophthalmosaurus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131208" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q131208">Q131208</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmosaurus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Ophthalmosaurus">Ophthalmosaurus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id417293">417293</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/57240909">57240909</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/4818046">4818046</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1195739">1195739</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=4946336">4946336</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36566">36566</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Taxonomicon: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonName.aspx?id=51212">51212</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/CAE33EBA-F6FB-49C4-996A-400B982217D2">CAE33EBA-F6FB-49C4-996A-400B982217D2</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&oldid=1277402029">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&oldid=1277402029</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Middle_Jurassic_ichthyosaurs" title="Category:Middle Jurassic ichthyosaurs">Middle Jurassic ichthyosaurs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Late_Jurassic_ichthyosaurs" title="Category:Late Jurassic ichthyosaurs">Late Jurassic ichthyosaurs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Callovian_genus_first_appearances" title="Category:Callovian genus first appearances">Callovian genus first appearances</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Late_Jurassic_extinctions" title="Category:Late Jurassic extinctions">Late Jurassic extinctions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ichthyosaurs_of_Europe" title="Category:Ichthyosaurs of Europe">Ichthyosaurs of Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jurassic_France" title="Category:Jurassic France">Jurassic France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fossils_of_France" title="Category:Fossils of France">Fossils of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jurassic_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Jurassic United Kingdom">Jurassic United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fossils_of_Great_Britain" title="Category:Fossils of Great Britain">Fossils of Great Britain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jurassic_reptiles_of_North_America" title="Category:Jurassic reptiles of North America">Jurassic reptiles of North America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jurassic_Mexico" title="Category:Jurassic Mexico">Jurassic Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fossils_of_Mexico" title="Category:Fossils of Mexico">Fossils of Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paleontology_in_Wyoming" title="Category:Paleontology in Wyoming">Paleontology in Wyoming</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jurassic_United_States" title="Category:Jurassic United States">Jurassic United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fossils_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Fossils of the United States">Fossils of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Middle_Jurassic_reptiles_of_South_America" title="Category:Middle Jurassic reptiles of South America">Middle Jurassic reptiles of South America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jurassic_Argentina" title="Category:Jurassic Argentina">Jurassic Argentina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fossils_of_Argentina" title="Category:Fossils of Argentina">Fossils of Argentina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neuqu%C3%A9n_Basin" title="Category:Neuquén Basin">Neuquén Basin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fossil_taxa_described_in_1874" title="Category:Fossil taxa described in 1874">Fossil taxa described in 1874</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Harry_Seeley" title="Category:Taxa named by Harry Seeley">Taxa named by Harry Seeley</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ophthalmosaurinae" title="Category:Ophthalmosaurinae">Ophthalmosaurinae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ichthyosauromorph_genera" title="Category:Ichthyosauromorph genera">Ichthyosauromorph genera</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2018">Articles with dead external links from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 February 2025, at 13:09<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmosaurus&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><i>Ophthalmosaurus</i></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>23 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7d695944bd-l5tqm","wgBackendResponseTime":159,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.089","walltime":"1.278","ppvisitednodes":{"value":19546,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":615219,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":26857,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":36,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":223011,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":10,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1122.191 1 -total"," 85.83% 963.197 52 Template:Clade"," 36.88% 413.920 1 Template:Automatic_taxobox"," 21.57% 242.043 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.90% 178.452 17 Template:Cite_journal"," 14.56% 163.359 29 Template:Navbox"," 11.49% 128.962 1 Template:Ichthyosauria"," 11.12% 124.757 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_sections"," 8.11% 90.985 1 Template:Fossil_range"," 7.62% 85.535 1 Template:Phanerozoic_220px"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.749","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9102282,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-6f65bf8cbc-vw4jc","timestamp":"20250224130938","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ophthalmosaurus","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ophthalmosaurus","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q131208","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q131208","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-12-08T20:19:23Z","dateModified":"2025-02-24T13:09:36Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/58\/OphthalmosaurusIcenius-NaturalHistoryMuseum-August23-08.jpg","headline":"extinct genus of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs"}</script> </body> </html>