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</button> <ul id="toc-History_of_RGB_color_model_theory_and_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Photography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Photography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_computers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_computers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Personal computers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_computers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RGB_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RGB_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>RGB devices</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-RGB_devices-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle RGB devices subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-RGB_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-RGB_and_displays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RGB_and_displays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>RGB and displays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RGB_and_displays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Video_electronics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_electronics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Video electronics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_electronics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_framebuffer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_framebuffer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Video framebuffer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_framebuffer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nonlinearity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nonlinearity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Nonlinearity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nonlinearity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RGB_and_cameras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RGB_and_cameras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>RGB and cameras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RGB_and_cameras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RGB_and_scanners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RGB_and_scanners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>RGB and scanners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RGB_and_scanners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numeric_representations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numeric_representations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Numeric representations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Numeric_representations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Numeric representations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Numeric_representations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Color_depth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_depth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Color depth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color_depth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geometric_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geometric_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Geometric representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geometric_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colors_in_web-page_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colors_in_web-page_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Colors in web-page design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colors_in_web-page_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Color_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Color management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RGB_model_and_luminance–chrominance_formats_relationship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RGB_model_and_luminance–chrominance_formats_relationship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>RGB model and luminance–chrominance formats relationship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RGB_model_and_luminance–chrominance_formats_relationship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">RGB color model</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB-kleurmodel" title="RGB-kleurmodel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="RGB-kleurmodel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%82" title="النموذج اللوني أحمر أخضر أزرق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="النموذج اللوني أحمر أخضر أزرق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="আরজিবি রং মডেল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আরজিবি রং মডেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="RGB цветови модел – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="RGB цветови модел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_de_color_RGB" title="Model de color RGB – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Model de color RGB" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB-farver" title="RGB-farver – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="RGB-farver" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB-mudel" title="RGB-mudel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="RGB-mudel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/RVB_(kolormodelo)" title="RVB (kolormodelo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="RVB (kolormodelo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_kolore-eredua" title="RGB kolore-eredua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="RGB kolore-eredua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="مدل رنگی آرجی‌بی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدل رنگی آرجی‌بی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouge-vert-bleu" title="Rouge-vert-bleu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rouge-vert-bleu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB-kleursysteem" title="RGB-kleursysteem – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="RGB-kleursysteem" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siostam_RGB" title="Siostam RGB – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Siostam RGB" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA" title="लाल हरा नीला रंग प्रतिरूप – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लाल हरा नीला रंग प्रतिरूप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%92_%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%A2_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91" title="ייצוג צבע במחשב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ייצוג צבע במחשב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modela_RGB_ya_rengan" title="Modela RGB ya rengan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Modela RGB ya rengan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarkanza%C4%BCzilais_kr%C4%81su_modelis" title="Sarkanzaļzilais krāsu modelis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sarkanzaļzilais krāsu modelis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B2_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5" title="ചുവപ്പുപച്ചനീല നിറവ്യവസ്ഥ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചുവപ്പുപച്ചനീല നിറവ്യവസ്ഥ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB-kleursysteem" title="RGB-kleursysteem – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="RGB-kleursysteem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modelul_de_culoare_RGB" title="Modelul de culoare RGB – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Modelul de culoare RGB" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1_%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%88%D9%84" title="آر جی بی کلر ماڈل – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آر جی بی کلر ماڈل" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlerat_KGJK" title="Vlerat KGJK – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vlerat KGJK" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AB_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="RGB වර්ණ ආකෘතිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="RGB වර්ණ ආකෘතිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="RGB color model" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%8A%D9%84" title="آر جي بي رنگ ماڊل – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آر جي بي رنگ ماڊل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barvni_model_RGB" title="Barvni model RGB – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Barvni model RGB" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB-v%C3%A4rimalli" title="RGB-värimalli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="RGB-värimalli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5_RGB" title="ระบบสี RGB – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบสี RGB" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_renk_modeli" title="RGB renk modeli – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="RGB renk modeli" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB" title="RGB – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="RGB" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1_%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%88%D9%84" title="آر جی بی رنگ ماڈل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آر جی بی رنگ ماڈل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4_h%C3%ACnh_m%C3%A0u_RGB" title="Mô hình màu RGB – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mô hình màu RGB" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8E%9F%E8%89%B2" title="三原色 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="三原色" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8E%9F%E8%89%B2%E5%85%89%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="三原色光模式 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Color model based on red, green and blue</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"RGB" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/RGB_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="RGB (disambiguation)">RGB (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/RBG_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="RBG (disambiguation)">RBG</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barn_grand_tetons_rgb_separation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Barn_grand_tetons_rgb_separation.jpg/150px-Barn_grand_tetons_rgb_separation.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="448" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Barn_grand_tetons_rgb_separation.jpg/225px-Barn_grand_tetons_rgb_separation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Barn_grand_tetons_rgb_separation.jpg/300px-Barn_grand_tetons_rgb_separation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="4780" /></a><figcaption>Full color image along with its R, G, and B components</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Additive_colors.ogv/220px--Additive_colors.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="59" data-mwtitle="Additive_colors.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Additive_colors.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/Additive_colors.ogv/Additive_colors.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/Additive_colors.ogv/Additive_colors.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Additive_colors.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/Additive_colors.ogv/Additive_colors.ogv.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/Additive_colors.ogv/Additive_colors.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/Additive_colors.ogv/Additive_colors.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/Additive_colors.ogv/Additive_colors.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/Additive_colors.ogv/Additive_colors.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Additive color mixing demonstrated with CD covers used as <a href="/wiki/Beam_splitter" title="Beam splitter">beam splitters</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venn_diagram_rgb.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Venn_diagram_rgb.svg/250px-Venn_diagram_rgb.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Venn_diagram_rgb.svg/330px-Venn_diagram_rgb.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Venn_diagram_rgb.svg/500px-Venn_diagram_rgb.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>A diagram demonstrating additive color with RGB</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>RGB color model</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Additive_color" title="Additive color">additive</a> <a href="/wiki/Color_model" title="Color model">color model</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">red</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">green</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">blue</a> <a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary colors</a> of light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of <a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">colors</a>. The name of the model comes from the initials of the three <a href="/wiki/Additive_primary_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="Additive primary colors">additive primary colors</a>, red, green, and blue.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation, and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Light-emitting_diode#RGB_systems" title="Light-emitting diode">colored lighting</a>. Before the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic age">electronic age</a>, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in <a href="/wiki/Trichromacy" title="Trichromacy">human perception of colors</a>. </p><p>RGB is a <i>device-dependent</i> color model: different devices detect or reproduce a given RGB value differently, since the color elements (such as <a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">phosphors</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dye" title="Dye">dyes</a>) and their response to the individual red, green, and blue levels vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, or even in the same device over time. Thus an RGB value does not define the same <i>color</i> across devices without some kind of <a href="/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">color management</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Typical RGB <a href="/wiki/Input_device" title="Input device">input devices</a> are color <a href="/wiki/Professional_video_camera" title="Professional video camera">TV and video cameras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Image_scanner" title="Image scanner">image scanners</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital cameras</a>. Typical RGB <a href="/wiki/Output_device" title="Output device">output devices</a> are TV sets of various technologies (<a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">CRT</a>, <a href="/wiki/LCD_television" title="LCD television">LCD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plasma_display" title="Plasma display">plasma</a>, <a href="/wiki/OLED" title="OLED">OLED</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quantum_dot_display" title="Quantum dot display">quantum dots</a>, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Computer_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer display">computer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phone</a> displays, <a href="/wiki/Video_projector" title="Video projector">video projectors</a>, multicolor <a href="/wiki/Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">LED</a> displays and large screens such as the <a href="/wiki/Jumbotron" title="Jumbotron">Jumbotron</a>. <a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">Color printers</a>, on the other hand, are not RGB devices, but <a href="/wiki/Subtractive_color" title="Subtractive color">subtractive color</a> devices typically using the <a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK color model</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additive_colors">Additive colors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Additive colors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RGB_combination_on_wall.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/RGB_combination_on_wall.png/250px-RGB_combination_on_wall.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/RGB_combination_on_wall.png/330px-RGB_combination_on_wall.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/RGB_combination_on_wall.png/500px-RGB_combination_on_wall.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Additive color mixing: projecting <a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary color</a> lights on a white surface shows secondary colors where two overlap; the combination of all three primaries in equal intensities makes white.</figcaption></figure> <p>To form a color with RGB, three light beams (one red, one green, and one blue) must be superimposed (for example by emission from a black screen or by reflection from a white screen). Each of the three beams is called a <i>component</i> of that color, and each of them can have an arbitrary intensity, from fully off to fully on, in the mixture. </p><p>The RGB color model is <i>additive</i> in the sense that if light beams of differing color (frequency) are superposed in space their light spectra adds up, wavelength for wavelength, to make up a resulting, total spectrum.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="anchor" id="vs-subtractive"></span> This is in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Subtractive_color" title="Subtractive color">subtractive color</a> model, particularly the <a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model#CMY" title="CMYK color model">CMY Color Model</a>, which applies to paints, inks, dyes and other substances whose color depends on <i>reflecting</i> certain components (frequencies) of the light under which we see them. </p><p>In the additive model, if the resulting spectrum, e.g. of superposing three colors, is flat, white color is perceived by the human eye upon direct incidence on the retina. This is in stark contrast to the subtractive model, where the perceived resulting spectrum is what reflecting surfaces, such as <a href="/wiki/Dye" title="Dye">dyed</a> surfaces, emit. A dye filters out all colors but its own; two blended dyes filter out all colors but the common color component between them, e.g. green as the common component between yellow and cyan, red as the common component between magenta and yellow, and blue-violet as the common component between magenta and cyan. There is no common color component among magenta, cyan and yellow, thus rendering a spectrum of zero intensity: <a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">black</a>. </p><p>Zero intensity for each component gives the darkest color (no light, considered the <i>black</i>), and full intensity of each gives a <a href="/wiki/White" title="White">white</a>; the <i>quality</i> of this white depends on the nature of the primary light sources, but if they are properly balanced, the result is a neutral white matching the system's <a href="/wiki/White_point" title="White point">white point</a>. When the intensities for all the components are the same, the result is a shade of <a href="/wiki/Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray">gray</a>, darker, or lighter depending on the intensity. When the intensities are different, the result is a colorized <a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">hue</a>, more or less <a href="/wiki/Saturation_(color_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturation (color theory)">saturated</a> depending on the difference of the strongest and weakest of the intensities of the primary colors employed. </p><p>When one of the components has the strongest intensity, the color is a hue near this primary color (red-ish, green-ish, or blue-ish), and when two components have the same strongest intensity, then the color is a hue of a <a href="/wiki/Secondary_color" title="Secondary color">secondary color</a> (a shade of <a href="/wiki/Cyan" title="Cyan">cyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magenta" title="Magenta">magenta</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">yellow</a>). A secondary color is formed by the sum of two primary colors of equal intensity: cyan is green+blue, magenta is blue+red, and yellow is red+green. Every secondary color is the complement of one primary color: cyan complements red, magenta complements green, and yellow complements blue. When all the primary colors are mixed in equal intensities, the result is white. </p><p>The RGB <a href="/wiki/Color_model" title="Color model">color model</a> itself does not define what is meant by <i>red</i>, <i>green</i>, and <i>blue</i> colorimetrically, and so the results of mixing them are not specified as absolute, but relative to the primary colors. When the exact <a href="/wiki/Chromaticity" title="Chromaticity">chromaticities</a> of the red, green, and blue primaries are defined, the color model then becomes an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_color_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute color space">absolute color space</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a> or <a href="/wiki/Adobe_RGB_color_space" title="Adobe RGB color space">Adobe RGB</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_principles_for_the_choice_of_red,_green,_and_blue"><span id="Physical_principles_for_the_choice_of_red.2C_green.2C_and_blue"></span>Physical principles for the choice of red, green, and blue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Physical principles for the choice of red, green, and blue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CIExy1931_sRGB_gamut_D65.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/CIExy1931_sRGB_gamut_D65.png/250px-CIExy1931_sRGB_gamut_D65.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/CIExy1931_sRGB_gamut_D65.png/330px-CIExy1931_sRGB_gamut_D65.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/CIExy1931_sRGB_gamut_D65.png/500px-CIExy1931_sRGB_gamut_D65.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1260" /></a><figcaption>A set of primary colors, such as the <a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a> primaries, define a <a href="/wiki/Color_triangle" title="Color triangle">color triangle</a>; only colors within this triangle can be reproduced by mixing the primary colors. Colors outside the color triangle are therefore shown here as gray. The primaries and the <a href="/wiki/CIE_Standard_Illuminant_D65" class="mw-redirect" title="CIE Standard Illuminant D65">D65</a> <a href="/wiki/White_point" title="White point">white point</a> of sRGB are shown. The background figure is the <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">CIE xy chromaticity diagram</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The choice of primary colors is related to the physiology of the <a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">human eye</a>; good primaries are stimuli that maximize the difference between the responses of the <a href="/wiki/Cone_cell" title="Cone cell">cone cells</a> of the human retina to light of different <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelengths</a>, and that thereby make a large <a href="/wiki/Color_triangle" title="Color triangle">color triangle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RWGHunt_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RWGHunt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The normal three kinds of light-sensitive <a href="/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell" title="Photoreceptor cell">photoreceptor cells</a> in the human eye (cone cells) respond most to yellow (long wavelength or L), green (medium or M), and violet (short or S) light (peak wavelengths near 570 nm, 540 nm and 440 nm, respectively<sup id="cite_ref-RWGHunt_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RWGHunt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). The difference in the signals received from the three kinds allows the brain to differentiate a wide <a href="/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut">gamut</a> of different colors, while being most sensitive (overall) to yellowish-green light and to differences between hues in the green-to-orange region. </p><p>As an example, suppose that light in the <a href="/wiki/Orange_(colour)" title="Orange (colour)">orange</a> range of wavelengths (approximately 577 nm to 597 nm) enters the eye and strikes the retina. Light of these wavelengths would activate both the medium and long wavelength cones of the retina, but not equally—the long-wavelength cells will respond more. The difference in the response can be detected by the brain, and this difference is the basis of our perception of orange. Thus, the orange appearance of an object results from light from the object entering our eye and stimulating the different cones simultaneously but to different degrees. </p><p>Use of the three primary colors is not sufficient to reproduce <i>all</i> colors; only colors within the color triangle defined by the chromaticities of the primaries can be reproduced by additive mixing of non-negative amounts of those colors of light.<sup id="cite_ref-RWGHunt_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RWGHunt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2015)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_RGB_color_model_theory_and_usage">History of RGB color model theory and usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History of RGB color model theory and usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The RGB color model is based on the <a href="/wiki/Young%E2%80%93Helmholtz_theory" title="Young–Helmholtz theory">Young–Helmholtz theory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Trichromacy" title="Trichromacy">trichromatic color vision</a>, developed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Young_(scientist)" title="Thomas Young (scientist)">Thomas Young</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">Hermann von Helmholtz</a> in the early to mid-nineteenth century, and on <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a>'s color triangle that elaborated that theory (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1860</span>). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:611px;max-width:611px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Early color photographs</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:272px;max-width:272px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartan_Ribbon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A bow made of tartan ribbon. The center of the bow is round, made of piled loops of ribbon, with two pieces of ribbon attached underneath, one extending at an angle to the upper left corner of the photograph and another extending to the upper right. The tartan colors are faded, in shades mostly of blue, pink, maroon, and white; the bow is set against a background of mottled olive." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Tartan_Ribbon.jpg/330px-Tartan_Ribbon.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Tartan_Ribbon.jpg/500px-Tartan_Ribbon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Tartan_Ribbon.jpg/960px-Tartan_Ribbon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The first permanent color photograph, taken by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sutton_(photographer)" title="Thomas Sutton (photographer)">Thomas Sutton</a> in 1861 using <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a>'s proposed method of three filters, specifically red, green, and violet-blue</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:335px;max-width:335px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rgb-compose-Alim_Khan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A large color photograph abutting (to its right) a column of three stacked black-and-white versions of the same picture. Each of the three smaller black-and-white photos are slightly different, due to the effect of the color filter used. Each of the four photographs differs only in color and depict a turbaned and bearded man, sitting in the corner an empty room, with an open door to his right and a closed door to his left. The man is wearing an ornate full-length blue robe trimmed with a checkered red-and-black ribbon. The blue fabric is festooned with depictions of stems of white, purple, and blue flowers. He wears an ornate gold belt, and in his left hand, he holds a gold sword and scabbard. Under his right shoulder strap is a white aiguillette; attached to his robe across his upper chest are four multi-pointed badges of various shapes, perhaps military or royal decorations." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Rgb-compose-Alim_Khan.jpg/333px-Rgb-compose-Alim_Khan.jpg" decoding="async" width="333" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Rgb-compose-Alim_Khan.jpg/500px-Rgb-compose-Alim_Khan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Rgb-compose-Alim_Khan.jpg/666px-Rgb-compose-Alim_Khan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4823" data-file-height="3190" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A photograph of <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Alim_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Alim Khan">Mohammed Alim Khan</a> (1880–1944), <a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Bukhara" class="mw-redirect" title="Emir of Bukhara">Emir of Bukhara</a>, taken in 1911 by <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Prokudin-Gorsky" title="Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky">Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky</a> using three exposures with blue, green, and red filters</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photography">Photography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Photography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first experiments with RGB in early <a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">color photography</a> were made in 1861 by Maxwell himself, and involved the process of combining three color-filtered separate takes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To reproduce the color photograph, three matching projections over a screen in a dark room were necessary. </p><p>The additive RGB model and variants such as orange–green–violet were also used in the <a href="/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Autochrome Lumière</a> color plates and other screen-plate technologies such as the <a href="/wiki/Joly_color_screen" class="mw-redirect" title="Joly color screen">Joly color screen</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Paget_process" title="Paget process">Paget process</a> in the early twentieth century. Color photography by taking three separate plates was used by other pioneers, such as the Russian <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Prokudin-Gorsky" title="Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky">Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky</a> in the period 1909 through 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such methods lasted until about 1960 using the expensive and extremely complex <a href="/wiki/Carbon_print" title="Carbon print">tri-color carbro</a> <a href="/wiki/Autotype" title="Autotype">Autotype</a> process.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When employed, the reproduction of prints from three-plate photos was done by dyes or pigments using the complementary <a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMY</a> model, by simply using the negative plates of the filtered takes: reverse red gives the cyan plate, and so on. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the development of practical electronic TV, there were patents on mechanically scanned color systems as early as 1889 in <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Color_television" title="Color television">color TV</a> pioneer <a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a> demonstrated the world's first RGB color transmission in 1928, and also the world's first color broadcast in 1938, in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. In his experiments, scanning and display were done mechanically by spinning colorized wheels.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)</a> began an experimental RGB <a href="/wiki/Field-sequential_color_system" title="Field-sequential color system">field-sequential color system</a> in 1940. Images were scanned electrically, but the system still used a moving part: the transparent RGB color wheel rotating at above 1,200 rpm in synchronism with the vertical scan. The camera and the <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">cathode-ray tube</a> (CRT) were both <a href="/wiki/Monochromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monochromatic">monochromatic</a>. Color was provided by color wheels in the camera and the receiver.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, color wheels have been used in field-sequential projection TV receivers based on the Texas Instruments monochrome DLP imager. </p><p>The modern RGB <a href="/wiki/Shadow_mask" title="Shadow mask">shadow mask</a> technology for color CRT displays was patented by Werner Flechsig in Germany in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_computers">Personal computers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal computers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">Personal computers</a> of the late 1970s and early 1980s, such as the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> and <a href="/wiki/VIC-20" title="VIC-20">VIC-20</a>, use <a href="/wiki/Composite_video" title="Composite video">composite video</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Atari_8-bit_computers" title="Atari 8-bit computers">Atari 8-bit computers</a> use <a href="/wiki/S-Video" title="S-Video">S-Video</a> derivatives. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> introduced a 16-color scheme (4 bits—1 bit each for red, green, blue, and intensity) with the <a href="/wiki/Color_Graphics_Adapter" title="Color Graphics Adapter">Color Graphics Adapter</a> (CGA) for its <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM PC</a> in 1981, later improved with the <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Graphics_Adapter" title="Enhanced Graphics Adapter">Enhanced Graphics Adapter</a> (EGA) in 1984. The first manufacturer of a <a href="/wiki/24-bit_color" class="mw-redirect" title="24-bit color">truecolor</a> graphics card for PCs (the TARGA) was <a href="/wiki/Truevision" title="Truevision">Truevision</a> in 1987, but it was not until the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Video_Graphics_Array" title="Video Graphics Array">Video Graphics Array</a> (VGA) in 1987 that RGB became popular, mainly due to the <a href="/wiki/Analog_signal" title="Analog signal">analog signals</a> in the connection between the adapter and the <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">monitor</a> which allowed a very wide range of RGB colors. Actually, it had to wait a few more years because the original VGA cards were palette-driven just like EGA, although with more freedom than VGA, but because the VGA connectors were analog, later variants of VGA (made by various manufacturers under the informal name Super VGA) eventually added true-color. In 1992, magazines heavily advertised true-color Super VGA hardware. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="RGB_devices">RGB devices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: RGB devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RGB_and_displays">RGB and displays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: RGB and displays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CRT_color_enhanced.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/CRT_color_enhanced.png/250px-CRT_color_enhanced.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/CRT_color_enhanced.png/375px-CRT_color_enhanced.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/CRT_color_enhanced.png/500px-CRT_color_enhanced.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Cutaway rendering of a color CRT: <b>1.</b> Electron guns <b>2.</b> Electron beams <b>3.</b> Focusing coils <b>4.</b> Deflection coils <b>5.</b> Anode connection <b>6.</b> Mask for separating beams for red, green, and blue part of displayed image <b>7.</b> Phosphor layer with red, green, and blue zones <b>8.</b> Close-up of the phosphor-coated inner side of the screen</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RGB_color_wheel_10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/RGB_color_wheel_10.svg/250px-RGB_color_wheel_10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/RGB_color_wheel_10.svg/375px-RGB_color_wheel_10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/RGB_color_wheel_10.svg/500px-RGB_color_wheel_10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>Color wheel with RGB pixels of the colors</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RGB_pixels_on_a_CRT_monitor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/RGB_pixels_on_a_CRT_monitor.jpg/250px-RGB_pixels_on_a_CRT_monitor.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/RGB_pixels_on_a_CRT_monitor.jpg/375px-RGB_pixels_on_a_CRT_monitor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/RGB_pixels_on_a_CRT_monitor.jpg/500px-RGB_pixels_on_a_CRT_monitor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>RGB <a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">phosphor</a> dots in a <a href="/wiki/CRT_monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="CRT monitor">CRT monitor</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RGB_pixels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/RGB_pixels.jpg/250px-RGB_pixels.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/RGB_pixels.jpg/375px-RGB_pixels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/RGB_pixels.jpg/500px-RGB_pixels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>RGB <a href="/wiki/Sub-pixel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-pixel">sub-pixels</a> in an LCD TV (on the right: an orange and a blue color; on the left: a close-up)</figcaption></figure> <p>One common application of the RGB color model is the display of colors on a <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">cathode-ray tube</a> (CRT), <a href="/wiki/Liquid-crystal_display" title="Liquid-crystal display">liquid-crystal display</a> (LCD), <a href="/wiki/Plasma_display" title="Plasma display">plasma display</a>, or <a href="/wiki/OLED" title="OLED">organic light emitting diode</a> (OLED) display such as a television, a computer's monitor, or a large scale screen. Each <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixel</a> on the screen is built by driving three small and very close but still separated RGB light sources. At common viewing distance, the separate sources are indistinguishable, which the eye interprets as a given solid color. All the pixels together arranged in the rectangular screen surface conforms the color image. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">digital image processing</a> each pixel can be represented in the <a href="/wiki/Computer_memory" title="Computer memory">computer memory</a> or interface hardware (for example, a <i><a href="/wiki/Display_adapter" class="mw-redirect" title="Display adapter">graphics card</a></i>) as <a href="/wiki/Binary_number" title="Binary number">binary</a> values for the red, green, and blue color components. When properly managed, these values are converted into intensities or voltages via <a href="/wiki/Gamma_correction" title="Gamma correction">gamma correction</a> to correct the inherent nonlinearity of some devices, such that the intended intensities are reproduced on the display. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Quattron" title="Quattron">Quattron</a> released by Sharp uses RGB color and adds yellow as a sub-pixel, supposedly allowing an increase in the number of available colors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Video_electronics">Video electronics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Video electronics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Component_video#RGB_analog_component_video" title="Component video">Component video § RGB analog component video</a></div> <p>RGB is also the term referring to a type of <a href="/wiki/Component_video" title="Component video">component video</a> signal used in the <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a> electronics industry. It consists of three signals—red, green, and blue—carried on three separate cables/pins. RGB signal formats are often based on modified versions of the RS-170 and RS-343 standards for monochrome video. This type of video signal is widely used in Europe since it is the best quality signal that can be carried on the standard <a href="/wiki/SCART" title="SCART">SCART</a> connector.<sup id="cite_ref-British_Standard_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-British_Standard-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This signal is known as <a href="/wiki/RGBS" class="mw-redirect" title="RGBS">RGBS</a> (4 <a href="/wiki/BNC_connector" title="BNC connector">BNC</a>/<a href="/wiki/RCA_connector" title="RCA connector">RCA</a> terminated cables exist as well), but it is directly compatible with <a href="/wiki/RGBHV" class="mw-redirect" title="RGBHV">RGBHV</a> used for computer monitors (usually carried on 15-pin cables terminated with 15-pin <a href="/wiki/D-sub" class="mw-redirect" title="D-sub">D-sub</a> or 5 BNC connectors), which carries separate horizontal and vertical sync signals. </p><p>Outside Europe, RGB is not very popular as a video signal format; S-Video takes that spot in most non-European regions. However, almost all computer monitors around the world use RGB. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Video_framebuffer">Video framebuffer</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Video framebuffer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Framebuffer" title="Framebuffer">framebuffer</a> is a digital device for computers which stores data in the so-called <i>video memory</i> (comprising an array of <a href="/wiki/Video_RAM#Video_DRAM_(VRAM)" class="mw-redirect" title="Video RAM">Video RAM</a> or similar <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">chips</a>). This data goes either to three <a href="/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converter" title="Digital-to-analog converter">digital-to-analog converters</a> (DACs) (for analog monitors), one per primary color or directly to digital monitors. Driven by <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a> (or other specialized chips) write the appropriate <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">bytes</a> into the video memory to define the image. Modern systems encode pixel color values by devoting 8 <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a> to each of the R, G, and B components. RGB information can be either carried directly by the pixel bits themselves or provided by a separate <b><a href="/wiki/Color_look-up_table" class="mw-redirect" title="Color look-up table">color look-up table</a></b> (<b>CLUT</b>) if <a href="/wiki/Indexed_color" title="Indexed color">indexed color</a> graphic modes are used. </p><p>A CLUT is a specialized <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a> that stores R, G, and B values that define specific colors. Each color has its own address (index)—consider it as a descriptive reference number that provides that specific color when the image needs it. The content of the CLUT is much like a palette of colors. Image data that uses indexed color specifies addresses within the CLUT to provide the required R, G, and B values for each specific pixel, one pixel at a time. Of course, before displaying, the CLUT has to be loaded with R, G, and B values that define the palette of colors required for each image to be rendered. Some video applications store such palettes in <a href="/wiki/PAL_file" class="mw-redirect" title="PAL file">PAL files</a> (<a href="/wiki/Age_of_Empires_(video_game)" title="Age of Empires (video game)"><i>Age of Empires</i></a> game, for example, uses over half-a-dozen<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and can combine CLUTs on screen. </p> <dl><dt>RGB24 and RGB32</dt></dl> <p>This indirect scheme restricts the number of available colors in an image CLUT—typically 256-cubed (8 bits in three <a href="/wiki/Color_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Color channel">color channels</a> with values of 0–255)—although each color in the RGB24 CLUT table has only 8 bits representing 256 codes for each of the R, G, and B primaries, making 16,777,216 possible colors. However, the advantage is that an indexed-color image file can be significantly smaller than it would be with only 8 bits per pixel for each primary. </p><p>Modern storage, however, is far less costly, greatly reducing the need to minimize image file size. By using an appropriate combination of red, green, and blue intensities, many colors can be displayed. Current typical <a href="/wiki/Display_adapter" class="mw-redirect" title="Display adapter">display adapters</a> use up to <a href="/wiki/24-bit_color" class="mw-redirect" title="24-bit color">24 bits</a> of information for each pixel: 8-bit per component multiplied by three components (see the <a href="#Numeric_representations">Numeric representations</a> section below (24 bits = 256<sup>3</sup>, each primary value of 8 bits with values of 0–255). With this system, 16,777,216 (256<sup>3</sup> or 2<sup>24</sup>) discrete combinations of R, G, and B values are allowed, providing millions of different (though not necessarily distinguishable) hue, saturation and <a href="/wiki/Lightness_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightness (color)">lightness</a> shades. Increased shading has been implemented in various ways, some formats such as <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">.png</a> and <a href="/wiki/Truevision_TGA" title="Truevision TGA">.tga</a> files among others using a fourth <a href="/wiki/Grayscale" title="Grayscale">grayscale</a> color channel as a masking layer, often called <b>RGB32</b>. </p><p>For images with a modest range of brightnesses from the darkest to the lightest, 8 bits per primary color provides good-quality images, but extreme images require more bits per primary color as well as the advanced display technology. For more information see <a href="/wiki/High_Dynamic_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="High Dynamic Range">High Dynamic Range</a> (HDR) imaging. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nonlinearity">Nonlinearity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nonlinearity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gamma_correction" title="Gamma correction">Gamma correction</a></div> <p>In classic CRT devices, the brightness of a given point over the <a href="/wiki/Fluorescence" title="Fluorescence">fluorescent</a> screen due to the impact of accelerated <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electrons</a> is not proportional to the voltages applied to the <a href="/wiki/Electron_gun" title="Electron gun">electron gun</a> control grids, but to an expansive function of that voltage. The amount of this deviation is known as its <a href="/wiki/Gamma_correction" title="Gamma correction">gamma</a> value (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \gamma }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>γ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \gamma }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a223c880b0ce3da8f64ee33c4f0010beee400b1a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.262ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \gamma }" /></span>), the argument for a <a href="/wiki/Power_law" title="Power law">power law</a> function, which closely describes this behavior. A linear response is given by a gamma value of 1.0, but actual CRT nonlinearities have a gamma value around 2.0 to 2.5. </p><p>Similarly, the intensity of the output on TV and computer display devices is not directly proportional to the R, G, and B applied electric signals (or file data values which drive them through digital-to-analog converters). On a typical standard 2.2-gamma CRT display, an input intensity RGB value of (0.5, 0.5, 0.5) only outputs about 22% of full brightness (1.0, 1.0, 1.0), instead of 50%.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To obtain the correct response, a <a href="/wiki/Gamma_correction" title="Gamma correction">gamma correction</a> is used in encoding the image data, and possibly further corrections as part of the <a href="/wiki/Color_calibration" title="Color calibration">color calibration</a> process of the device. Gamma affects <a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">black-and-white</a> TV as well as color. In standard color TV, broadcast signals are gamma corrected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RGB_and_cameras">RGB and cameras</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: RGB and cameras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg/220px-Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg/330px-Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg/440px-Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bayer_filter" title="Bayer filter">Bayer filter</a> arrangement of color filters on the pixel array of a digital image sensor</figcaption></figure> <p>In color <a href="/wiki/Professional_video_camera" title="Professional video camera">television and video cameras</a> manufactured before the 1990s, the incoming light was separated by <a href="/wiki/Prism_(optics)" title="Prism (optics)">prisms</a> and filters into the three RGB primary colors feeding each color into a separate <a href="/wiki/Video_camera_tube" title="Video camera tube">video camera tube</a> (or <i>pickup tube</i>). These tubes are a type of cathode-ray tube, not to be confused with that of CRT displays. </p><p>With the arrival of commercially viable <a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">charge-coupled device</a> (CCD) technology in the 1980s, first, the pickup tubes were replaced with this kind of sensor. Later, higher scale integration electronics was applied (mainly by <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>), simplifying and even removing the intermediate optics, thereby reducing the size of home <a href="/wiki/Video_camera" title="Video camera">video cameras</a> and eventually leading to the development of full <a href="/wiki/Camcorder" title="Camcorder">camcorders</a>. Current <a href="/wiki/Webcam" title="Webcam">webcams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phones</a> with cameras are the most miniaturized commercial forms of such technology. </p><p>Photographic <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital cameras</a> that use a <a href="/wiki/CMOS" title="CMOS">CMOS</a> or CCD <a href="/wiki/Image_sensor" title="Image sensor">image sensor</a> often operate with some variation of the RGB model. In a <a href="/wiki/Bayer_filter" title="Bayer filter">Bayer filter</a> arrangement, green is given twice as many detectors as red and blue (ratio 1:2:1) in order to achieve higher <a href="/wiki/Luminance" title="Luminance">luminance</a> resolution than <a href="/wiki/Chrominance" title="Chrominance">chrominance</a> resolution. The sensor has a grid of red, green, and blue detectors arranged so that the first row is RGRGRGRG, the next is GBGBGBGB, and that sequence is repeated in subsequent rows. For every channel, missing pixels are obtained by <a href="/wiki/Interpolation" title="Interpolation">interpolation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Demosaicing" title="Demosaicing">demosaicing</a> process to build up the complete image. Also, other processes used to be applied in order to map the camera RGB measurements into a standard color space as sRGB. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RGB_and_scanners">RGB and scanners</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: RGB and scanners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In computing, an <a href="/wiki/Image_scanner" title="Image scanner">image scanner</a> is a device that optically scans images (printed text, handwriting, or an object) and converts it to a digital image which is transferred to a computer. Among other formats, flat, drum and film scanners exist, and most of them support RGB color. They can be considered the successors of early <a href="/wiki/Telephotography" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephotography">telephotography</a> input devices, which were able to send consecutive <a href="/wiki/Scan_line" title="Scan line">scan lines</a> as <a href="/wiki/Analog_signal" title="Analog signal">analog</a> <a href="/wiki/Amplitude_modulation" title="Amplitude modulation">amplitude modulation</a> signals through standard telephonic lines to appropriate receivers; such systems were in use in <a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">press</a> since the 1920s to the mid-1990s. Color telephotographs were sent as three separated RGB filtered images consecutively. </p><p>Currently available scanners typically use CCD or <a href="/wiki/Contact_image_sensor" title="Contact image sensor">contact image sensor</a> (CIS) as the image sensor, whereas older drum scanners use a <a href="/wiki/Photomultiplier" title="Photomultiplier">photomultiplier tube</a> as the image sensor. Early color film scanners used a <a href="/wiki/Halogen_lamp" title="Halogen lamp">halogen lamp</a> and a three-color filter wheel, so three exposures were needed to scan a single color image. Due to heating problems, the worst of them being the potential destruction of the scanned film, this technology was later replaced by non-heating light sources such as color <a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LEDs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numeric_representations">Numeric representations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Numeric representations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="color: black" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#FFCCCC;">#FFCCCC </td> <td style="background:#FFC0C0;">#FFC0C0 </td> <td style="background:#FF9999;">#FF9999 </td> <td style="background:#FF8080;">#FF8080 </td> <td style="background:#FF6666;">#FF6666 </td> <td style="background:#FF4040;color:#FFFFFF;">#FF4040 </td> <td 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</td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="color: white" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#FF0000;"><b>#FF0000</b> </td> <td style="background:#CC0000;">#CC0000 </td> <td style="background:#C00000;">#C00000 </td> <td style="background:#990000;">#990000 </td> <td style="background:#800000;">#800000 </td> <td style="background:#660000;">#660000 </td> <td style="background:#400000;">#400000 </td> <td style="background:#330000;">#330000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF8000;"><b>#FF8000</b> </td> <td style="background:#CC6600;">#CC6600 </td> <td style="background:#C06000;">#C06000 </td> <td style="background:#994C00;">#994C00 </td> <td style="background:#804000;">#804000 </td> <td style="background:#663300;">#663300 </td> <td style="background:#402000;">#402000 </td> <td style="background:#331900;">#331900 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFFF00;color:#000000;"><b>#FFFF00</b> </td> <td style="background:#CCCC00;color:#000000;">#CCCC00 </td> <td style="background:#C0C000;color:#000000;">#C0C000 </td> <td style="background:#999900;">#999900 </td> <td style="background:#808000;">#808000 </td> <td style="background:#666600;">#666600 </td> <td style="background:#404000;">#404000 </td> <td style="background:#333300;">#333300 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFFF80;color:#000000;"><b>#FFFF80</b> </td> <td style="background:#CCCC66;color:#000000;">#CCCC66 </td> <td style="background:#C0C060;color:#000000;">#C0C060 </td> <td style="background:#99994C;">#99994C </td> <td style="background:#808040;">#808040 </td> <td style="background:#666633;">#666633 </td> <td style="background:#404020;">#404020 </td> <td style="background:#333319;">#333319 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#80FF00;color:#000000;"><b>#80FF00</b> </td> <td style="background:#66CC00;color:#000000;">#66CC00 </td> <td style="background:#60C000;color:#000000;">#60C000 </td> <td style="background:#4C9900;">#4C9900 </td> <td style="background:#408000;">#408000 </td> <td style="background:#336600;">#336600 </td> <td style="background:#204000;">#204000 </td> <td style="background:#193300;">#193300 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#00FF00;color:#000000;"><b>#00FF00</b> </td> <td style="background:#00CC00;color:#000000;">#00CC00 </td> <td style="background:#00C000;color:#000000;">#00C000 </td> <td style="background:#009900;">#009900 </td> <td style="background:#008000;">#008000 </td> <td style="background:#006600;">#006600 </td> <td style="background:#004000;">#004000 </td> <td style="background:#003300;">#003300 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#80FF80;color:#000000;"><b>#80FF80</b> </td> <td style="background:#66CC66;color:#000000;">#66CC66 </td> <td style="background:#60C060;color:#000000;">#60C060 </td> <td style="background:#4C994C;">#4C994C </td> <td style="background:#408040;">#408040 </td> <td style="background:#336633;">#336633 </td> <td style="background:#204020;">#204020 </td> <td style="background:#193319;">#193319 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#008000;"><b>#008000</b> </td> <td style="background:#006600;">#006600 </td> <td style="background:#006000;">#006000 </td> <td style="background:#004C00;">#004C00 </td> <td style="background:#004000;">#004000 </td> <td style="background:#003300;">#003300 </td> <td style="background:#002000;">#002000 </td> <td style="background:#001900;">#001900 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#00FF80;color:#000000;"><b>#00FF80</b> </td> <td style="background:#00CC66;color:#000000;">#00CC66 </td> <td style="background:#00C060;color:#000000;">#00C060 </td> <td style="background:#00994C;">#00994C </td> <td style="background:#008040;">#008040 </td> <td style="background:#006633;">#006633 </td> <td style="background:#004020;">#004020 </td> <td style="background:#003319;">#003319 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#00FFFF;color:#000000;"><b>#00FFFF</b> </td> <td style="background:#00CCCC;color:#000000;">#00CCCC </td> <td style="background:#00C0C0;color:#000000;">#00C0C0 </td> <td style="background:#009999;">#009999 </td> <td style="background:#008080;">#008080 </td> <td style="background:#006666;">#006666 </td> <td style="background:#004040;">#004040 </td> <td style="background:#003333;">#003333 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#80FFFF;color:#000000;"><b>#80FFFF</b> </td> <td style="background:#66CCCC;color:#000000;">#66CCCC </td> <td style="background:#60C0C0;color:#000000;">#60C0C0 </td> <td style="background:#4C9999;">#4C9999 </td> <td style="background:#408080;">#408080 </td> <td style="background:#336666;">#336666 </td> <td style="background:#204040;">#204040 </td> <td style="background:#193333;">#193333 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#008080;"><b>#008080</b> </td> <td style="background:#006666;">#006666 </td> <td style="background:#006060;">#006060 </td> <td style="background:#004C4C;">#004C4C </td> <td style="background:#004040;">#004040 </td> <td style="background:#003333;">#003333 </td> <td style="background:#002020;">#002020 </td> <td style="background:#001919;">#001919 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#0080FF;"><b>#0080FF</b> </td> <td style="background:#0066CC;">#0066CC </td> <td style="background:#0060C0;">#0060C0 </td> <td style="background:#004C99;">#004C99 </td> <td style="background:#004080;">#004080 </td> <td style="background:#003366;">#003366 </td> <td style="background:#002040;">#002040 </td> <td style="background:#001933;">#001933 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#0000FF;"><b>#0000FF</b> </td> <td style="background:#0000CC;">#0000CC </td> <td style="background:#0000C0;">#0000C0 </td> <td style="background:#000099;">#000099 </td> <td style="background:#000080;">#000080 </td> <td style="background:#000066;">#000066 </td> <td style="background:#000040;">#000040 </td> <td style="background:#000033;">#000033 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#000080;"><b>#000080</b> </td> <td style="background:#000066;">#000066 </td> <td style="background:#000060;">#000060 </td> <td style="background:#00004C;">#00004C </td> <td style="background:#000040;">#000040 </td> <td style="background:#000033;">#000033 </td> <td style="background:#000020;">#000020 </td> <td style="background:#000019;">#000019 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#8080FF;;"><b>#8080FF</b> </td> <td style="background:#6666CC;">#6666CC </td> <td style="background:#6060C0;">#6060C0 </td> <td style="background:#4C4C99;">#4C4C99 </td> <td style="background:#404080;">#404080 </td> <td style="background:#333366;">#333366 </td> <td style="background:#202040;">#202040 </td> <td style="background:#191933;">#191933 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#8000FF;"><b>#8000FF</b> </td> <td style="background:#6600CC;">#6600CC </td> <td style="background:#6000C0;">#6000C0 </td> <td style="background:#4C0099;">#4C0099 </td> <td style="background:#400080;">#400080 </td> <td style="background:#330066;">#330066 </td> <td style="background:#200040;">#200040 </td> <td style="background:#190033;">#190033 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#800080;"><b>#800080</b> </td> <td style="background:#660066;">#660066 </td> <td style="background:#600060;">#600060 </td> <td style="background:#4C004C;">#4C004C </td> <td style="background:#400040;">#400040 </td> <td style="background:#330033;">#330033 </td> <td style="background:#200020;">#200020 </td> <td style="background:#190019;">#190019 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF00FF;"><b>#FF00FF</b> </td> <td style="background:#CC00CC;">#CC00CC </td> <td style="background:#C000C0;">#C000C0 </td> <td style="background:#990099;">#990099 </td> <td style="background:#800080;">#800080 </td> <td style="background:#660066;">#660066 </td> <td style="background:#400040;">#400040 </td> <td style="background:#330033;">#330033 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF80FF;color:#000000;"><b>#FF80FF</b> </td> <td style="background:#CC66CC;">#CC66CC </td> <td style="background:#C060C0;">#C060C0 </td> <td style="background:#994C99;">#994C99 </td> <td style="background:#804080;">#804080 </td> <td style="background:#663366;">#663366 </td> <td style="background:#402040;">#402040 </td> <td style="background:#331933;">#331933 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF0080;"><b>#FF0080</b> </td> <td style="background:#CC0066;">#CC0066 </td> <td style="background:#C00060;">#C00060 </td> <td style="background:#99004C;">#99004C </td> <td style="background:#800040;">#800040 </td> <td style="background:#660033;">#660033 </td> <td style="background:#400020;">#400020 </td> <td style="background:#330019;">#330019 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF8080;color:#000000;"><b>#FF8080</b> </td> <td style="background:#CC6666;">#CC6666 </td> <td style="background:#C06060;">#C06060 </td> <td style="background:#994C4C;">#994C4C </td> <td style="background:#804040;">#804040 </td> <td style="background:#663333;">#663333 </td> <td style="background:#402020;">#402020 </td> <td style="background:#331919;">#331919 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#800000;"><b>#800000</b> </td> <td style="background:#660000;">#660000 </td> <td style="background:#600000;">#600000 </td> <td style="background:#4C0000;">#4C0000 </td> <td style="background:#400000;">#400000 </td> <td style="background:#330000;">#330000 </td> <td style="background:#200000;">#200000 </td> <td style="background:#190000;">#190000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#808000;"><b>#808000</b> </td> <td style="background:#666600;">#666600 </td> <td style="background:#606000;">#606000 </td> <td style="background:#4C4C00;">#4C4C00 </td> <td style="background:#404000;">#404000 </td> <td style="background:#333300;">#333300 </td> <td style="background:#202000;">#202000 </td> <td style="background:#191900;">#191900 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#808080;"><b>#808080</b> </td> <td style="background:#666666;">#666666 </td> <td style="background:#606060;">#606060 </td> <td style="background:#4C4C4C;">#4C4C4C </td> <td style="background:#404040;">#404040 </td> <td style="background:#333333;">#333333 </td> <td style="background:#202020;">#202020 </td> <td style="background:#191919;">#191919 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="rgb-slider calculatorgadget-enabled" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding: 0.2em; float: right; clear: right; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; width:min-content;padding: 3px;display:none"> <div class="calculator-container" style="display:grid;grid-template-columns:max-content max-content 65px; padding: 5px; gap: 5px; width: fit-content;border: 1px solid #eaecf0" aria-describedby="rgbslider-caption"> <div style="grid-column:1;" title="Red"><span class="calculator-field-label" data-for="calculator-field-red">R:</span> <span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-red" data-calculator-type="range" style="accent-color:#f00;max-width:160px;vertical-align: top" data-calculator-formula="red2" data-calculator-max="255" data-calculator-min="0" aria-label="red">128</span></div> <div><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-red2" data-calculator-type="number" data-calculator-formula="red" data-calculator-size="3" data-calculator-max="255" data-calculator-min="0" aria-label="red">128</span></div> <div style="grid-column:1;" title="Green"><span class="calculator-field-label" data-for="calculator-field-green">G:</span> <span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-green" data-calculator-type="range" style="accent-color:#0f0;max-width:160px;vertical-align: top" data-calculator-formula="green2" data-calculator-max="255" data-calculator-min="0" aria-label="green">200</span></div> <div><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-green2" data-calculator-type="number" data-calculator-formula="green" data-calculator-size="3" data-calculator-max="255" data-calculator-min="0" aria-label="green">200</span></div> <div style="grid-column:1;" title="Blue"><span class="calculator-field-label" data-for="calculator-field-blue">B:</span> <span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-blue" data-calculator-type="range" style="accent-color:#00f;max-width:160px;vertical-align: top" data-calculator-formula="blue2" data-calculator-max="255" data-calculator-min="0" aria-label="blue">255</span></div> <div><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-blue2" data-calculator-type="number" data-calculator-formula="blue" data-calculator-size="3" data-calculator-max="255" data-calculator-min="0" aria-label="blue">255</span></div> <div style="grid-column:3;grid-row:1/4;background-color:rgb(var(--calculator-red, 128) var(--calculator-green, 200) var(--calculator-blue, 255));border: 1px inset black; font-family: monospace; color: #FFF; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px #000, -1px 1px 2px #000, -1px -1px 2px #000, 1px -1px 2px #000, 0 -1px 2px #000, 1px 0 2px #000, 0 1px 2px #000, -1px 0 2px #000;">#<span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-hexred" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="round(red)" data-calculator-mapping="{ "00": 0, "01": 1, "02": 2, "03": 3, "04": 4, "05": 5, "06": 6, "07": 7, "08": 8, "09": 9, "0A": 10, "0B": 11, "0C": 12, "0D": 13, "0E": 14, "0F": 15, "10": 16, "11": 17, "12": 18, "13": 19, "14": 20, "15": 21, "16": 22, "17": 23, "18": 24, "19": 25, "1A": 26, "1B": 27, "1C": 28, "1D": 29, "1E": 30, "1F": 31, "20": 32, "21": 33, "22": 34, "23": 35, "24": 36, "25": 37, "26": 38, "27": 39, "28": 40, "29": 41, "2A": 42, "2B": 43, "2C": 44, "2D": 45, "2E": 46, "2F": 47, "30": 48, "31": 49, "32": 50, "33": 51, "34": 52, "35": 53, "36": 54, "37": 55, "38": 56, "39": 57, "3A": 58, "3B": 59, "3C": 60, "3D": 61, "3E": 62, "3F": 63, "40": 64, "41": 65, "42": 66, "43": 67, "44": 68, "45": 69, "46": 70, "47": 71, "48": 72, "49": 73, "4A": 74, "4B": 75, "4C": 76, "4D": 77, "4E": 78, "4F": 79, "50": 80, "51": 81, "52": 82, "53": 83, "54": 84, "55": 85, "56": 86, "57": 87, "58": 88, "59": 89, "5A": 90, "5B": 91, "5C": 92, "5D": 93, "5E": 94, "5F": 95, "60": 96, "61": 97, "62": 98, "63": 99, "64": 100, "65": 101, "66": 102, "67": 103, "68": 104, "69": 105, "6A": 106, "6B": 107, "6C": 108, "6D": 109, "6E": 110, "6F": 111, "70": 112, "71": 113, "72": 114, "73": 115, "74": 116, "75": 117, "76": 118, "77": 119, "78": 120, "79": 121, "7A": 122, "7B": 123, "7C": 124, "7D": 125, "7E": 126, "7F": 127, "80": 128, "81": 129, "82": 130, "83": 131, "84": 132, "85": 133, "86": 134, "87": 135, "88": 136, "89": 137, "8A": 138, "8B": 139, "8C": 140, "8D": 141, "8E": 142, "8F": 143, "90": 144, "91": 145, "92": 146, "93": 147, "94": 148, "95": 149, "96": 150, "97": 151, "98": 152, "99": 153, "9A": 154, "9B": 155, "9C": 156, "9D": 157, "9E": 158, "9F": 159, "A0": 160, "A1": 161, "A2": 162, "A3": 163, "A4": 164, "A5": 165, "A6": 166, "A7": 167, "A8": 168, "A9": 169, "AA": 170, "AB": 171, "AC": 172, "AD": 173, "AE": 174, "AF": 175, "B0": 176, "B1": 177, "B2": 178, "B3": 179, "B4": 180, "B5": 181, "B6": 182, "B7": 183, "B8": 184, "B9": 185, "BA": 186, "BB": 187, "BC": 188, "BD": 189, "BE": 190, "BF": 191, "C0": 192, "C1": 193, "C2": 194, "C3": 195, "C4": 196, "C5": 197, "C6": 198, "C7": 199, "C8": 200, "C9": 201, "CA": 202, "CB": 203, "CC": 204, "CD": 205, "CE": 206, "CF": 207, "D0": 208, "D1": 209, "D2": 210, "D3": 211, "D4": 212, "D5": 213, "D6": 214, "D7": 215, "D8": 216, "D9": 217, "DA": 218, "DB": 219, "DC": 220, "DD": 221, "DE": 222, "DF": 223, "E0": 224, "E1": 225, "E2": 226, "E3": 227, "E4": 228, "E5": 229, "E6": 230, "E7": 231, "E8": 232, "E9": 233, "EA": 234, "EB": 235, "EC": 236, "ED": 237, "EE": 238, "EF": 239, "F0": 240, "F1": 241, "F2": 242, "F3": 243, "F4": 244, "F5": 245, "F6": 246, "F7": 247, "F8": 248, "F9": 249, "FA": 250, "FB": 251, "FC": 252, "FD": 253, "FE": 254, "FF": 255 }">80</span><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-hexgreen" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="round(green)" data-calculator-mapping="{ "00": 0, "01": 1, "02": 2, "03": 3, "04": 4, "05": 5, "06": 6, "07": 7, "08": 8, "09": 9, "0A": 10, "0B": 11, "0C": 12, "0D": 13, "0E": 14, "0F": 15, "10": 16, "11": 17, "12": 18, "13": 19, "14": 20, "15": 21, "16": 22, "17": 23, "18": 24, "19": 25, "1A": 26, "1B": 27, "1C": 28, "1D": 29, "1E": 30, "1F": 31, "20": 32, "21": 33, "22": 34, "23": 35, "24": 36, "25": 37, "26": 38, "27": 39, "28": 40, "29": 41, "2A": 42, "2B": 43, "2C": 44, "2D": 45, "2E": 46, "2F": 47, "30": 48, "31": 49, "32": 50, "33": 51, "34": 52, "35": 53, "36": 54, "37": 55, "38": 56, "39": 57, "3A": 58, "3B": 59, "3C": 60, "3D": 61, "3E": 62, "3F": 63, "40": 64, "41": 65, "42": 66, "43": 67, "44": 68, "45": 69, "46": 70, "47": 71, "48": 72, "49": 73, "4A": 74, "4B": 75, "4C": 76, "4D": 77, "4E": 78, "4F": 79, "50": 80, "51": 81, "52": 82, "53": 83, "54": 84, "55": 85, "56": 86, "57": 87, "58": 88, "59": 89, "5A": 90, "5B": 91, "5C": 92, "5D": 93, "5E": 94, "5F": 95, "60": 96, "61": 97, "62": 98, "63": 99, "64": 100, "65": 101, "66": 102, "67": 103, "68": 104, "69": 105, "6A": 106, "6B": 107, "6C": 108, "6D": 109, "6E": 110, "6F": 111, "70": 112, "71": 113, "72": 114, "73": 115, "74": 116, "75": 117, "76": 118, "77": 119, "78": 120, "79": 121, "7A": 122, "7B": 123, "7C": 124, "7D": 125, "7E": 126, "7F": 127, "80": 128, "81": 129, "82": 130, "83": 131, "84": 132, "85": 133, "86": 134, "87": 135, "88": 136, "89": 137, "8A": 138, "8B": 139, "8C": 140, "8D": 141, "8E": 142, "8F": 143, "90": 144, "91": 145, "92": 146, "93": 147, "94": 148, "95": 149, "96": 150, "97": 151, "98": 152, "99": 153, "9A": 154, "9B": 155, "9C": 156, "9D": 157, "9E": 158, "9F": 159, "A0": 160, "A1": 161, "A2": 162, "A3": 163, "A4": 164, "A5": 165, "A6": 166, "A7": 167, "A8": 168, "A9": 169, "AA": 170, "AB": 171, "AC": 172, "AD": 173, "AE": 174, "AF": 175, "B0": 176, "B1": 177, "B2": 178, "B3": 179, "B4": 180, "B5": 181, "B6": 182, "B7": 183, "B8": 184, "B9": 185, "BA": 186, "BB": 187, "BC": 188, "BD": 189, "BE": 190, "BF": 191, "C0": 192, "C1": 193, "C2": 194, "C3": 195, "C4": 196, "C5": 197, "C6": 198, "C7": 199, "C8": 200, "C9": 201, "CA": 202, "CB": 203, "CC": 204, "CD": 205, "CE": 206, "CF": 207, "D0": 208, "D1": 209, "D2": 210, "D3": 211, "D4": 212, "D5": 213, "D6": 214, "D7": 215, "D8": 216, "D9": 217, "DA": 218, "DB": 219, "DC": 220, "DD": 221, "DE": 222, "DF": 223, "E0": 224, "E1": 225, "E2": 226, "E3": 227, "E4": 228, "E5": 229, "E6": 230, "E7": 231, "E8": 232, "E9": 233, "EA": 234, "EB": 235, "EC": 236, "ED": 237, "EE": 238, "EF": 239, "F0": 240, "F1": 241, "F2": 242, "F3": 243, "F4": 244, "F5": 245, "F6": 246, "F7": 247, "F8": 248, "F9": 249, "FA": 250, "FB": 251, "FC": 252, "FD": 253, "FE": 254, "FF": 255 }">C8</span><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-hexblue" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="round(blue)" data-calculator-mapping="{ "00": 0, "01": 1, "02": 2, "03": 3, "04": 4, "05": 5, "06": 6, "07": 7, "08": 8, "09": 9, "0A": 10, "0B": 11, "0C": 12, "0D": 13, "0E": 14, "0F": 15, "10": 16, "11": 17, "12": 18, "13": 19, "14": 20, "15": 21, "16": 22, "17": 23, "18": 24, "19": 25, "1A": 26, "1B": 27, "1C": 28, "1D": 29, "1E": 30, "1F": 31, "20": 32, "21": 33, "22": 34, "23": 35, "24": 36, "25": 37, "26": 38, "27": 39, "28": 40, "29": 41, "2A": 42, "2B": 43, "2C": 44, "2D": 45, "2E": 46, "2F": 47, "30": 48, "31": 49, "32": 50, "33": 51, "34": 52, "35": 53, "36": 54, "37": 55, "38": 56, "39": 57, "3A": 58, "3B": 59, "3C": 60, "3D": 61, "3E": 62, "3F": 63, "40": 64, "41": 65, "42": 66, "43": 67, "44": 68, "45": 69, "46": 70, "47": 71, "48": 72, "49": 73, "4A": 74, "4B": 75, "4C": 76, "4D": 77, "4E": 78, "4F": 79, "50": 80, "51": 81, "52": 82, "53": 83, "54": 84, "55": 85, "56": 86, "57": 87, "58": 88, "59": 89, "5A": 90, "5B": 91, "5C": 92, "5D": 93, "5E": 94, "5F": 95, "60": 96, "61": 97, "62": 98, "63": 99, "64": 100, "65": 101, "66": 102, "67": 103, "68": 104, "69": 105, "6A": 106, "6B": 107, "6C": 108, "6D": 109, "6E": 110, "6F": 111, "70": 112, "71": 113, "72": 114, "73": 115, "74": 116, "75": 117, "76": 118, "77": 119, "78": 120, "79": 121, "7A": 122, "7B": 123, "7C": 124, "7D": 125, "7E": 126, "7F": 127, "80": 128, "81": 129, "82": 130, "83": 131, "84": 132, "85": 133, "86": 134, "87": 135, "88": 136, "89": 137, "8A": 138, "8B": 139, "8C": 140, "8D": 141, "8E": 142, "8F": 143, "90": 144, "91": 145, "92": 146, "93": 147, "94": 148, "95": 149, "96": 150, "97": 151, "98": 152, "99": 153, "9A": 154, "9B": 155, "9C": 156, "9D": 157, "9E": 158, "9F": 159, "A0": 160, "A1": 161, "A2": 162, "A3": 163, "A4": 164, "A5": 165, "A6": 166, "A7": 167, "A8": 168, "A9": 169, "AA": 170, "AB": 171, "AC": 172, "AD": 173, "AE": 174, "AF": 175, "B0": 176, "B1": 177, "B2": 178, "B3": 179, "B4": 180, "B5": 181, "B6": 182, "B7": 183, "B8": 184, "B9": 185, "BA": 186, "BB": 187, "BC": 188, "BD": 189, "BE": 190, "BF": 191, "C0": 192, "C1": 193, "C2": 194, "C3": 195, "C4": 196, "C5": 197, "C6": 198, "C7": 199, "C8": 200, "C9": 201, "CA": 202, "CB": 203, "CC": 204, "CD": 205, "CE": 206, "CF": 207, "D0": 208, "D1": 209, "D2": 210, "D3": 211, "D4": 212, "D5": 213, "D6": 214, "D7": 215, "D8": 216, "D9": 217, "DA": 218, "DB": 219, "DC": 220, "DD": 221, "DE": 222, "DF": 223, "E0": 224, "E1": 225, "E2": 226, "E3": 227, "E4": 228, "E5": 229, "E6": 230, "E7": 231, "E8": 232, "E9": 233, "EA": 234, "EB": 235, "EC": 236, "ED": 237, "EE": 238, "EF": 239, "F0": 240, "F1": 241, "F2": 242, "F3": 243, "F4": 244, "F5": 245, "F6": 246, "F7": 247, "F8": 248, "F9": 249, "FA": 250, "FB": 251, "FC": 252, "FD": 253, "FE": 254, "FF": 255 }">FF</span></span> </div> </div> <div style="padding-left:5px; padding-right:5px" id="rgbslider-caption"> <p style="margin:0">A typical RGB color selector. Each <a href="/wiki/Slider_(computing)" title="Slider (computing)">slider</a> ranges from 0 to 255.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palette_of_125_main_colors_with_RGB_components_divisible_by_64.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Palette_of_125_main_colors_with_RGB_components_divisible_by_64.gif/250px-Palette_of_125_main_colors_with_RGB_components_divisible_by_64.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Palette_of_125_main_colors_with_RGB_components_divisible_by_64.gif/330px-Palette_of_125_main_colors_with_RGB_components_divisible_by_64.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Palette_of_125_main_colors_with_RGB_components_divisible_by_64.gif/500px-Palette_of_125_main_colors_with_RGB_components_divisible_by_64.gif 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="775" /></a><figcaption>Hexadecimal 8-bit RGB representations of the main 125 colors</figcaption></figure> <p>A color in the RGB color model is described by indicating how much of each of the red, green, and blue is included. The color is expressed as an RGB triplet (<i>r</i>,<i>g</i>,<i>b</i>), each component of which can vary from zero to a defined maximum value. If all the components are at zero the result is black; if all are at maximum, the result is the brightest representable white. </p><p>These ranges may be quantified in several different ways: </p> <ul><li>From 0 to 1, with any fractional value in between. This representation is used in theoretical analyses, and in systems that use <a href="/wiki/Floating_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating point">floating point</a> representations.</li> <li>Each color component value can also be written as a <a href="/wiki/Percentage" title="Percentage">percentage</a>, from 0% to 100%.</li> <li>In computers, the component values are often stored as <a href="/wiki/Integer_(computer_science)" title="Integer (computer science)">unsigned integer</a> numbers in the range 0 to 255, the range that a single 8-bit <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">byte</a> can offer. These are often represented as either decimal or <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> numbers.</li> <li>High-end digital image equipment are often able to deal with larger integer ranges for each primary color, such as 0..1023 (10 bits), 0..65535 (16 bits) or even larger, by extending the 24 bits (three 8-bit values) to <a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a>, <a href="/wiki/48-bit_computing" title="48-bit computing">48-bit</a>, or <a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a> units (more or less independent from the particular computer's <a href="/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)" title="Word (computer architecture)">word size</a>).</li></ul> <p>For example, brightest saturated <b>red</b> is written in the different RGB notations as: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Notation </th> <th>RGB triplet </th></tr> <tr> <td>Arithmetic </td> <td>(1.0, 0.0, 0.1) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Percentage </td> <td>(100%, 0%, 0%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Digital 8-bit per channel </td> <td>(255, 0, 0)<br /> #FF0000 (hexadecimal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Digital 12-bit per channel </td> <td>(4095, 0, 0)<br /> #FFF000000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Digital 16-bit per channel </td> <td>(65535, 0, 0)<br /> #FFFF00000000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Digital 24-bit per channel </td> <td>(16777215, 0, 0)<br /> #FFFFFF000000000000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Digital 32-bit per channel </td> <td>(4294967295, 0, 0)<br /> #FFFFFFFF0000000000000000 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In many environments, the component values within the ranges are not managed as linear (that is, the numbers are nonlinearly related to the intensities that they represent), as in digital cameras and TV broadcasting and receiving due to gamma correction, for example.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linear and nonlinear transformations are often dealt with via digital image processing. Representations with only 8 bits per component are considered sufficient if <a href="/wiki/Gamma_correction" title="Gamma correction">gamma correction</a> is used.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following is the mathematical relationship between RGB space to HSI space (hue, saturation, and intensity: <a href="/wiki/HSI_color_space" class="mw-redirect" title="HSI color space">HSI color space</a>): </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}I&={\frac {R+G+B}{3}}\\S&=1\,-\,{\frac {3}{(R+G+B)}}\,\min(R,G,B)\\H&=\cos ^{-1}\left({\frac {(R-G)+(R-B)}{2{\sqrt {(R-G)^{2}+(R-B)(G-B)}}}}\right)\qquad {\text{assuming }}G>B\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>I</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>S</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mo>−</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>3</mn> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">min</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>H</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>cos</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>G</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </msqrt> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="2em"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>assuming </mtext> </mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mo>></mo> <mi>B</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}I&={\frac {R+G+B}{3}}\\S&=1\,-\,{\frac {3}{(R+G+B)}}\,\min(R,G,B)\\H&=\cos ^{-1}\left({\frac {(R-G)+(R-B)}{2{\sqrt {(R-G)^{2}+(R-B)(G-B)}}}}\right)\qquad {\text{assuming }}G>B\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a0e4571f117f249b80c0831f01e920865f95e48b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -8.812ex; margin-bottom: -0.193ex; width:69.154ex; height:19.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}I&={\frac {R+G+B}{3}}\\S&=1\,-\,{\frac {3}{(R+G+B)}}\,\min(R,G,B)\\H&=\cos ^{-1}\left({\frac {(R-G)+(R-B)}{2{\sqrt {(R-G)^{2}+(R-B)(G-B)}}}}\right)\qquad {\text{assuming }}G>B\end{aligned}}}" /></span> </p><p>If <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B>G}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> <mo>></mo> <mi>G</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B>G}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f7f05f71ab897fd4fe61f70261d575e32c6c478" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.689ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B>G}" /></span>, then <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H=360-H}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>H</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>360</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>H</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H=360-H}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2603a5c2ff2bd725ca55488d2aa6e5db9818bcd0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:13.553ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H=360-H}" /></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color_depth">Color depth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Color depth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Color_depth" title="Color depth">Color depth</a></div> <p>The RGB color model is one of the most common ways to encode color in computing, and several different <a href="/wiki/Digital_signal_(signal_processing)" title="Digital signal (signal processing)">digital representations</a> are in use. The main characteristic of all of them is the <a href="/wiki/Quantization_(signal_processing)" title="Quantization (signal processing)">quantization</a> of the possible values per component (technically a <i><a href="/wiki/Sampling_(signal_processing)" title="Sampling (signal processing)">sample</a></i>) by using only <a href="/wiki/Integer" title="Integer">integer</a> numbers within some range, usually from 0 to some power of two minus one (2<sup><i>n</i></sup> − 1) to fit them into some bit groupings. Encodings of 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, and 16 bits per color are commonly found; the total number of bits used for an RGB color is typically called the <a href="/wiki/Color_depth" title="Color depth">color depth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geometric_representation">Geometric representation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Geometric representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_spaces" title="RGB color spaces">RGB color spaces</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RGB_color_solid_cube.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/RGB_color_solid_cube.png/250px-RGB_color_solid_cube.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/RGB_color_solid_cube.png/330px-RGB_color_solid_cube.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/RGB_color_solid_cube.png/500px-RGB_color_solid_cube.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>The RGB color model mapped to a cube. The horizontal x-axis as red values increasing to the left, y-axis as blue increasing to the lower right and the vertical z-axis as green increasing towards the top. The origin, black is the vertex hidden from view.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since colors are usually defined by three components, not only in the RGB model, but also in other color models such as <a href="/wiki/Lab_color_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Lab color space">CIELAB</a> and <a href="/wiki/Y%27UV" class="mw-redirect" title="Y'UV">Y'UV</a>, among others, then a <a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_space" title="Three-dimensional space">three-dimensional</a> <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> is described by treating the component values as ordinary <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system" title="Cartesian coordinate system">Cartesian coordinates</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Euclidean_space" title="Euclidean space">Euclidean space</a>. For the RGB model, this is represented by a cube using non-negative values within a 0–1 range, assigning black to the origin at the vertex (0, 0, 0), and with increasing intensity values running along the three axes up to white at the vertex (1, 1, 1), diagonally opposite black. </p><p>An RGB triplet (<i>r</i>,<i>g</i>,<i>b</i>) represents the three-dimensional coordinate of the point of the given color within the cube or its faces or along its edges. This approach allows computations of the <a href="/wiki/Color_difference" title="Color difference">color similarity</a> of two given RGB colors by simply calculating the <a href="/wiki/Euclidean_distance" title="Euclidean distance">distance</a> between them: the shorter the distance, the higher the similarity. Out-of-gamut computations can also be performed this way. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colors_in_web-page_design">Colors in web-page design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Colors in web-page design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">Web colors</a></div> <p>Initially, the limited color depth of most video hardware led to a limited color palette of 216 RGB colors, defined by the Netscape Color Cube. The <a href="/wiki/Web-safe_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="Web-safe colors">web-safe color</a> palette consists of the 216 (6<sup>3</sup>) combinations of red, green, and blue where each color can take one of six values (in <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a>): #00, #33, #66, #99, #CC or #FF (based on the 0 to 255 range for each value discussed above). These hexadecimal values = 0, 51, 102, 153, 204, 255 in decimal, which = 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% in terms of intensity. This seems fine for splitting up 216 colors into a cube of dimension 6. However, lacking gamma correction, the perceived intensity on a standard 2.5 gamma CRT / LCD is only: 0%, 2%, 10%, 28%, 57%, 100%. See the actual web safe color palette for a visual confirmation that the majority of the colors produced are very dark.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the predominance of 24-bit displays, the use of the full 16.7 million colors of the HTML RGB color code no longer poses problems for most viewers. The <a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a> color space (a <i>device-independent</i> color space<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) for <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> was formally adopted as an Internet standard in HTML 3.2,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though it had been in use for some time before that. All images and colors are interpreted as being sRGB (unless another color space is specified) and all modern displays can display this color space (with color management being built in into browsers<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or operating systems<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>The syntax in <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a> is: </p> <pre>rgb(#,#,#) </pre> <p>where # equals the proportion of red, green, and blue respectively. This syntax can be used after such selectors as "background-color:" or (for text) "color:". </p><p>Wide gamut color is possible in modern <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being supported by all major browsers since 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For example, a color on the <a href="/wiki/DCI-P3" title="DCI-P3">DCI-P3</a> color space can be indicated as: </p> <pre>color(display-p3 # # #) </pre> <p>where # equals the proportion of red, green, and blue in 0.0 to 1.0 respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Color_management">Color management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Color management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">Color management</a></div> <p>Proper reproduction of colors, especially in professional environments, requires color management of all the devices involved in the production process, many of them using RGB. Color management results in several transparent conversions between device-independent (<a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a>, <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">XYZ</a>, <a href="/wiki/L*a*b*" class="mw-redirect" title="L*a*b*">L*a*b*</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and device-dependent <a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color spaces</a> (RGB and others, as CMYK for color printing) during a typical production cycle, in order to ensure color consistency throughout the process. Along with the creative processing, such interventions on digital images can damage the color accuracy and image detail, especially where the gamut is reduced. Professional digital devices and software tools allow for 48 bpp (<a href="/wiki/Bits_per_pixel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bits per pixel">bits per pixel</a>) images to be manipulated (16 bits per channel), to minimize any such damage. </p><p><a href="/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">ICC profile</a> compliant applications, such as <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Adobe Photoshop</a>, use either the <a href="/wiki/Lab_color_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Lab color space">Lab color space</a> or the <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">CIE 1931 color space</a> as a <i>Profile Connection Space</i> when <a href="/wiki/Color_translation" class="mw-redirect" title="Color translation">translating</a> between color spaces.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="RGB_model_and_luminance–chrominance_formats_relationship"><span id="RGB_model_and_luminance.E2.80.93chrominance_formats_relationship"></span>RGB model and luminance–chrominance formats relationship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: RGB model and luminance–chrominance formats relationship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All <a href="/wiki/Relative_luminance" title="Relative luminance">luminance</a>–chrominance formats used in the different TV and video standards such as <a href="/wiki/YIQ" title="YIQ">YIQ</a> for <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>, <a href="/wiki/YUV" class="mw-redirect" title="YUV">YUV</a> for <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/YDbDr" title="YDbDr">YD<sub>B</sub>D<sub>R</sub></a> for <a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a>, and <a href="/wiki/YPbPr" title="YPbPr">YP<sub>B</sub>P<sub>R</sub></a> for component video use color difference signals, by which RGB color images can be encoded for broadcasting/recording and later decoded into RGB again to display them. These intermediate formats were needed for compatibility with pre-existent black-and-white TV formats. Also, those color difference signals need lower data <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)" title="Bandwidth (signal processing)">bandwidth</a> compared to full RGB signals. </p><p>Similarly, current high-efficiency digital color image <a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">data compression</a> schemes such as <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a> and <a href="/wiki/MPEG" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG">MPEG</a> store RGB color internally in <a href="/wiki/YCbCr" title="YCbCr">YC<sub>B</sub>C<sub>R</sub></a> format, a digital luminance–chrominance format based on YP<sub>B</sub>P<sub>R</sub>. The use of YC<sub>B</sub>C<sub>R</sub> also allows computers to perform <a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">lossy</a> <a href="/wiki/Chroma_subsampling" title="Chroma subsampling">subsampling</a> with the chrominance channels (typically to 4:2:2 or 4:1:1 ratios), which reduces the resultant file size. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CMY_color_model" class="mw-redirect" title="CMY color model">CMY color model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK color model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_theory" title="Color theory">Color theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_banding" title="Colour banding">Colour banding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementary_colors" title="Complementary colors">Complementary colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DCI-P3" title="DCI-P3">DCI-P3</a> – defined using RGB, but may be signalled as YCbCr or RGB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_color_palettes" title="List of color palettes">List of color palettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProPhoto_RGB_color_space" title="ProPhoto RGB color space">ProPhoto RGB color space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RG_color_models" title="RG color models">RG color models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGBA_color_model" title="RGBA color model">RGBA color model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScRGB" title="ScRGB">scRGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSL_color_space" title="TSL color space">TSL color space</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Hirsch2004" class="citation book cs1">Robert Hirsch (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4Gx2WItWGYoC&q=maxwell+additive+color+photograph+register&pg=PA28"><i>Exploring Colour Photography: A Complete Guide</i></a>. Laurence King Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85669-420-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85669-420-8"><bdi>1-85669-420-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+Colour+Photography%3A+A+Complete+Guide&rft.pub=Laurence+King+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-85669-420-8&rft.au=Robert+Hirsch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4Gx2WItWGYoC%26q%3Dmaxwell%2Badditive%2Bcolor%2Bphotograph%2Bregister%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFairmanBrillHemmendinger1997" class="citation journal cs1">Fairman, Hugh S.; Brill, Michael H.; Hemmendinger, Henry (February 1997). "How the CIE 1931 color-matching functions were derived from Wright-Guild data". <i>Color Research & Application</i>. <b>22</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">11–</span>23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291520-6378%28199702%2922%3A1%3C11%3A%3AAID-COL4%3E3.0.CO%3B2-7">10.1002/(SICI)1520-6378(199702)22:1<11::AID-COL4>3.0.CO;2-7</a>. <q>The first of the resolutions offered to the 1931 meeting defined the color-matching functions of the soon-to-be-adopted standard observer in terms of Guild's spectral primaries centered on wavelengths 435.8, 546.1, and 700nm. Guild approached the problem from the viewpoint of a standardization engineer. In his mind, the adopted primaries had to be producible with national-standardizing-laboratory accuracy. The first two wavelengths were mercury excitation lines, and the last named wavelength occurred at a location in the human vision system where the hue of spectral lights was unchanging with wavelength. Slight inaccuracy in production of the wavelength of this spectral primary in a visual colorimeter, it was reasoned, would introduce no error at all.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Color+Research+%26+Application&rft.atitle=How+the+CIE+1931+color-matching+functions+were+derived+from+Wright-Guild+data&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E23&rft.date=1997-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291520-6378%28199702%2922%3A1%3C11%3A%3AAID-COL4%3E3.0.CO%3B2-7&rft.aulast=Fairman&rft.aufirst=Hugh+S.&rft.au=Brill%2C+Michael+H.&rft.au=Hemmendinger%2C+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrantMeStrength2021" class="citation web cs1">GrantMeStrength (30 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/wcs/device-dependent-color-spaces">"Device-Dependent Color Spaces - Win32 apps"</a>. <i>learn.microsoft.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=learn.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Device-Dependent+Color+Spaces+-+Win32+apps&rft.date=2021-12-30&rft.au=GrantMeStrength&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fwindows%2Fwin32%2Fwcs%2Fdevice-dependent-color-spaces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrean,_Buckley" class="citation journal cs1">Crean, Buckley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imaging.org/site/PDFS/Papers/1997/RP-0-67/2398.pdf">"Device Independent Color—Who Wants It?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>SPIE</i>. <b>2171</b>: 267.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SPIE&rft.atitle=Device+Independent+Color%E2%80%94Who+Wants+It%3F&rft.volume=2171&rft.pages=267&rft.au=Crean%2C+Buckley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imaging.org%2Fsite%2FPDFS%2FPapers%2F1997%2FRP-0-67%2F2398.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCharles_A._Poynton2003" class="citation book cs1">Charles A. Poynton (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ra1lcAwgvq4C&q=wavelength+beams+additive&pg=RA1-PA234"><i>Digital Video and HDTV: Algorithms and Interfaces</i></a>. Morgan Kaufmann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55860-792-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-55860-792-7"><bdi>1-55860-792-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Video+and+HDTV%3A+Algorithms+and+Interfaces&rft.pub=Morgan+Kaufmann&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-55860-792-7&rft.au=Charles+A.+Poynton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dra1lcAwgvq4C%26q%3Dwavelength%2Bbeams%2Badditive%26pg%3DRA1-PA234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_Boughen2003" class="citation book cs1">Nicholas Boughen (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xsq4JiSssMoC&q=additive-color&pg=PA216"><i>Lightwave 3d 7.5 Lighting</i></a>. Wordware Publishing, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55622-354-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-55622-354-4"><bdi>1-55622-354-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lightwave+3d+7.5+Lighting&rft.pub=Wordware+Publishing%2C+Inc&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-55622-354-4&rft.au=Nicholas+Boughen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXsq4JiSssMoC%26q%3Dadditive-color%26pg%3DPA216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RWGHunt-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RWGHunt_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RWGHunt_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RWGHunt_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFR._W._G._Hunt2004" class="citation book cs1">R. W. G. Hunt (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reproductionofco0000hunt"><i>The Reproduction of Colour</i></a></span> (6th ed.). Chichester UK: Wiley–IS&T Series in Imaging Science and Technology. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-470-02425-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-470-02425-9"><bdi>0-470-02425-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reproduction+of+Colour&rft.place=Chichester+UK&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Wiley%E2%80%93IS%26T+Series+in+Imaging+Science+and+Technology&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-470-02425-9&rft.au=R.+W.+G.+Hunt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freproductionofco0000hunt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loc-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-loc_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/gorskii.html">Photographer to the Tsar: Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii</a> Library of Congress.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artfacts.org/artinfo/articals/evercolor.html">"The Evolution of Color Pigment Printing"</a>. Artfacts.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+Color+Pigment+Printing&rft.pub=Artfacts.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artfacts.org%2Fartinfo%2Farticals%2Fevercolor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Logie Baird, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US1925554">Television Apparatus and the Like</a>, U.S. patent, filed in U.K. in 1928.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baird Television: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bairdtelevision.com/crystalpalace.html">Crystal Palace Television Studios</a>. Previous color television demonstrations in the U.K. and U.S. had been via closed circuit.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0C15F6385A11728DDDA90B94D0405B8088F1D3">"Color Television Success in Test"</a>. <i>NY Times</i>. 1940-08-30. p. 21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NY+Times&rft.atitle=Color+Television+Success+in+Test&rft.pages=21&rft.date=1940-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DFA0C15F6385A11728DDDA90B94D0405B8088F1D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611114246/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/wsj/access/107348215.html?dids=107348215:107348215&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Sep+5%2C+1940">CBS Demonstrates Full Color Television</a>," <i>Wall Street Journal</i>, Sept. 5, 1940, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1940/11/13/archives/television-hearing-set-commercial-sale-waits-on-fcc-engineers-are.html">"Television Hearing Set"</a>. <i>NY Times</i>. 1940-11-13. p. 26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NY+Times&rft.atitle=Television+Hearing+Set&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1940-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1940%2F11%2F13%2Farchives%2Ftelevision-hearing-set-commercial-sale-waits-on-fcc-engineers-are.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorton1999" class="citation book cs1">Morton, David L. (1999). "Television Broadcasting". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090306171954/http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/aboutus/history_center/publications/entertainment/Chapter2.pdf"><i>A History of Electronic Entertainment Since 1945</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. IEEE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7803-9936-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7803-9936-6"><bdi>0-7803-9936-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee.org/portal/cms_docs_iportals/iportals/aboutus/history_center/publications/entertainment/Chapter2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 6, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Television+Broadcasting&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Electronic+Entertainment+Since+1945&rft.pub=IEEE&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7803-9936-6&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieee.org%2Fportal%2Fcms_docs_iportals%2Fiportals%2Faboutus%2Fhistory_center%2Fpublications%2Fentertainment%2FChapter2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-British_Standard-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-British_Standard_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.meric.free.fr/Articles/articlesba/stsurtvplat/Scart/BS_EN_50049-1%20Peritelevision%20connector.pdf"><i>Domestic and similar electronic equipment interconnection requirements: Peritelevision connector</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/British_Standards_Institution" class="mw-redirect" title="British Standards Institution">British Standards Institution</a>. 15 June 1998. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0580298604" title="Special:BookSources/0580298604"><bdi>0580298604</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Domestic+and+similar+electronic+equipment+interconnection+requirements%3A+Peritelevision+connector&rft.pub=British+Standards+Institution&rft.date=1998-06-15&rft.isbn=0580298604&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.meric.free.fr%2FArticles%2Farticlesba%2Fstsurtvplat%2FScart%2FBS_EN_50049-1%2520Peritelevision%2520connector.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrogamingcables.co.uk/composite-video-vs-composite-sync">"Composite video vs composite sync and Demystifying RGB video"</a>. <i>www.retrogamingcables.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.retrogamingcables.co.uk&rft.atitle=Composite+video+vs+composite+sync+and+Demystifying+RGB+video&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrogamingcables.co.uk%2Fcomposite-video-vs-composite-sync&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By directory search</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSteve_Wright2006" class="citation book cs1">Steve Wright (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IpSRykrRamgC&q=display+gamma+2.2+0.5&pg=PA265"><i>Digital Compositing for Film and Video</i></a>. Focal Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-240-80760-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-240-80760-X"><bdi>0-240-80760-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Compositing+for+Film+and+Video&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-240-80760-X&rft.au=Steve+Wright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIpSRykrRamgC%26q%3Ddisplay%2Bgamma%2B2.2%2B0.5%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdwin_Paul_J._Tozer2004" class="citation book cs1">Edwin Paul J. Tozer (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DL73f4vFeEwC&q=rgb++gamma+assumed&pg=PA179"><i>Broadcast Engineer's Reference Book</i></a>. Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-240-51908-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-240-51908-6"><bdi>0-240-51908-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Broadcast+Engineer%27s+Reference+Book&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-240-51908-6&rft.au=Edwin+Paul+J.+Tozer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDL73f4vFeEwC%26q%3Drgb%2B%2Bgamma%2Bassumed%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Watkinson2008" class="citation book cs1">John Watkinson (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8uLEXlN9ouAC&q=gamma%20linear%20rgb%208-bit%20adequate&pg=PA272"><i>The art of digital video</i></a>. Focal Press. p. 272. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-240-52005-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-240-52005-6"><bdi>978-0-240-52005-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+art+of+digital+video&rft.pages=272&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-240-52005-6&rft.au=John+Watkinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8uLEXlN9ouAC%26q%3Dgamma%2520linear%2520rgb%25208-bit%2520adequate%26pg%3DPA272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a side-by-side comparison of proper colors next to their equivalent lacking proper gamma correction, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoucette2006" class="citation web cs1">Doucette, Matthew (15 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xona.com/colorlist/">"Color List"</a>. <i>Xona Games</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xona+Games&rft.atitle=Color+List&rft.date=2006-03-15&rft.aulast=Doucette&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxona.com%2Fcolorlist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathworks.com/help/images/device-independent-color-spaces.html">"Device-Independent Color Spaces - MATLAB & Simulink"</a>. <i>www.mathworks.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mathworks.com&rft.atitle=Device-Independent+Color+Spaces+-+MATLAB+%26+Simulink&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathworks.com%2Fhelp%2Fimages%2Fdevice-independent-color-spaces.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32">"HTML 3.2 Reference Specification"</a>. 14 January 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HTML+3.2+Reference+Specification&rft.date=1997-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2FREC-html32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/Graphics/Color/sRGB.html">"A Standard Default Color Space for the Internet - sRGB"</a>. <i>W3C</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3C&rft.atitle=A+Standard+Default+Color+Space+for+the+Internet+-+sRGB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FGraphics%2FColor%2FsRGB.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.color-management-guide.com/web-browser-color-management.html">"Color management in Internet"</a>. <i>www.color-management-guide.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.color-management-guide.com&rft.atitle=Color+management+in+Internet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.color-management-guide.com%2Fweb-browser-color-management.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gregbenzphotography.com/photography-tips/how-to-setup-proper-color-management-in-a-web-browser">"How to setup proper color management in your web browser - Greg Benz Photography"</a>. <i>gregbenzphotography.com</i>. April 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gregbenzphotography.com&rft.atitle=How+to+setup+proper+color+management+in+your+web+browser+-+Greg+Benz+Photography&rft.date=2021-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgregbenzphotography.com%2Fphotography-tips%2Fhow-to-setup-proper-color-management-in-a-web-browser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-au/windows/about-color-management-2a2ed8fa-cf09-83c5-e55c-d1428519f616">"About Color Management"</a>. <i>support.microsoft.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=support.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=About+Color+Management&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.microsoft.com%2Fen-au%2Fwindows%2Fabout-color-management-2a2ed8fa-cf09-83c5-e55c-d1428519f616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webkit.org/blog/10042/wide-gamut-color-in-css-with-display-p3/">"Wide Gamut Color in CSS with Display-P3"</a>. March 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wide+Gamut+Color+in+CSS+with+Display-P3&rft.date=2020-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebkit.org%2Fblog%2F10042%2Fwide-gamut-color-in-css-with-display-p3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caniuse.com/?search=color">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"color" Can I use... Support tables for HTML5, CSS3, etc"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Can_I_use...&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Can I use... (page does not exist)">Can I use...</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Can+I+use...&rft.atitle=%22color%22+Can+I+use...+Support+tables+for+HTML5%2C+CSS3%2C+etc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaniuse.com%2F%3Fsearch%3Dcolor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webkit.org/blog/10042/wide-gamut-color-in-css-with-display-p3/">"Wide Gamut Color in CSS with Display-P3"</a>. March 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wide+Gamut+Color+in+CSS+with+Display-P3&rft.date=2020-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebkit.org%2Fblog%2F10042%2Fwide-gamut-color-in-css-with-display-p3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caniuse.com/css-color-function">"CSS color() function"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Can_I_use...&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Can I use... (page does not exist)">Can I use...</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Can+I+use...&rft.atitle=CSS+color%28%29+function&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaniuse.com%2Fcss-color-function&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKing" class="citation web cs1">King, James C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.color.org/whycolormanagement.pdf">"Why Color Management?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Color Consortium<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-16</span></span>. <q>The two PCS's in the ICC system are CIE-XYZ and CIELAB</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Color+Management%3F&rft.pub=International+Color+Consortium&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.color.org%2Fwhycolormanagement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARGB+color+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RGB_color_model&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIECAM02" title="CIECAM02">CIECAM02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICAM_(color_appearance_model)" title="ICAM (color appearance model)">iCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAM16" class="mw-redirect" title="CAM16">CAM16</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIECAM16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CIECAM16 (page does not exist)">CIECAM16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Illumination" title="International Commission on Illumination">CIE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">XYZ (1931)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space#CIE_RGB_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">RGB (1931)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIE_1960_color_space" title="CIE 1960 color space">YUV (1960)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIE_1964_color_space" title="CIE 1964 color space">UVW (1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIELAB_color_space" title="CIELAB color space">CIELAB (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIELUV" title="CIELUV">CIELUV (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIECAM02" title="CIECAM02">CIECAM02</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIECAM16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CIECAM16 (page does not exist)">CIECAM16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RGB</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_spaces" title="RGB color spaces">RGB color spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rg_chromaticity" title="Rg chromaticity">rg chromaticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_RGB_color_space" title="Adobe RGB color space">Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-gamut_RGB_color_space" title="Wide-gamut RGB color space">Wide-gamut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProPhoto_RGB_color_space" title="ProPhoto RGB color space">ProPhoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScRGB" title="ScRGB">scRGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DCI-P3" title="DCI-P3">DCI-P3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._601" title="Rec. 601">Rec. 601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTSC#SMPTE_C" title="NTSC">SMPTE 240M/"C"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._709" title="Rec. 709">Rec. 709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2100" title="Rec. 2100">Rec. 2100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Y%E2%80%B2UV" title="Y′UV">Y′UV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Y%E2%80%B2UV" title="Y′UV">YUV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YDbDr" title="YDbDr">YDbDr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIQ" title="YIQ">YIQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YCbCr" title="YCbCr">YCbCr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rec._601" title="Rec. 601">Rec. 601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._709" title="Rec. 709">Rec. 709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2100" title="Rec. 2100">Rec. 2100</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICtCp" title="ICtCp">ICtCp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2100" title="Rec. 2100">Rec. 2100</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YPbPr" title="YPbPr">YPbPr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">MAC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XvYCC" title="XvYCC">xvYCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YCoCg" title="YCoCg">YCoCg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CcMmYK_color_model" title="CcMmYK color model">CcMmYK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColorADD" title="ColorADD">ColorADD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloroid" title="Coloroid">Coloroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LMS_color_space" title="LMS color space">LMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexachrome" title="Hexachrome">Hexachrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSL_and_HSV" title="HSL and HSV">HSL, HSV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCL_color_space" title="HCL color space">HCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossible_color" title="Impossible color">Imaginary color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklab_color_space" title="Oklab color space">Oklab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSA-UCS" title="OSA-UCS">OSA-UCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practical_Color_Coordinate_System" title="Practical Color Coordinate System">PCCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RG_color_models" title="RG color models">RG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RYB_color_model" title="RYB color model">RYB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HWB_color_model" title="HWB color model">HWB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YJK" title="YJK">YJK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSL_color_space" title="TSL color space">TSL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color systems<br />and standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Color_Encoding_System" title="Academy Color Encoding System">ACES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_Media_Alliance" title="News Media Alliance">ANPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_Index_International" title="Colour Index International">Colour Index International</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dyes" title="List of dyes">CI list of dyes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIC_Corporation" title="DIC Corporation">DIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Standard_595" title="Federal Standard 595">Federal Standard 595</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HKS_(colour_system)" title="HKS (colour system)">HKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">ICC profile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISCC%E2%80%93NBS_system" title="ISCC–NBS system">ISCC–NBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munsell_color_system" title="Munsell color system">Munsell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Color_System" title="Natural Color System">NCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostwald_color_system" title="Ostwald color system">Ostwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantone" title="Pantone">Pantone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAL_colour_standard" title="RAL colour standard">RAL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_RAL_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of RAL colors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JIS_Z8102&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JIS Z8102 (page does not exist)">JIS Z8102</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS%E6%85%A3%E7%94%A8%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D" class="extiw" title="ja:JIS慣用色名">ja</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>For the vision capacities of organisms or machines, see <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/20px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/40px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Eye_physiology" title="Template:Eye physiology">Color vision</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Photography477" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Photography" title="Template:Photography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Photography" title="Template talk:Photography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Photography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Photography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Photography477" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">Camera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light_field_camera" title="Light field camera">light-field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_camera" title="Field camera">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_camera" title="Instant camera">instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinhole_camera" title="Pinhole camera">pinhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_camera" title="Press camera">press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangefinder_camera" title="Rangefinder camera">rangefinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Single-lens reflex camera">SLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">still</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-lens_reflex_camera" title="Twin-lens reflex camera">TLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_camera" title="Toy camera">toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_camera" title="View camera">view</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkroom" title="Darkroom">Darkroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlarger" title="Enlarger">enlarger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safelight" title="Safelight">safelight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">Film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_base" title="Film base">base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_holder" title="Film holder">holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_stock" title="Film stock">stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_films" title="List of photographic films">available films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_discontinued_photographic_films" title="List of discontinued photographic films">discontinued films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_filter" title="Photographic filter">Filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(photography)" title="Flash (photography)">Flash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_dish" title="Beauty dish">beauty dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucoloris" title="Cucoloris">cucoloris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobo_(lighting)" title="Gobo (lighting)">gobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">hot shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens_hood" title="Lens hood">lens hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monolight" title="Monolight">monolight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflector_(photography)" title="Reflector (photography)">reflector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snoot" title="Snoot">snoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softbox" title="Softbox">softbox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_lens" title="Camera lens">Lens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long-focus_lens" title="Long-focus lens">long-focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_lens" title="Prime lens">prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_lens" title="Zoom lens">zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-angle_lens" title="Wide-angle lens">wide-angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheye_lens" title="Fisheye lens">fisheye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swivel_lens" title="Swivel lens">swivel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephoto_lens" title="Telephoto lens">telephoto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_equipment_makers" title="List of photographic equipment makers">Manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopod" title="Monopod">Monopod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movie_projector" title="Movie projector">Movie projector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_projector" title="Slide projector">Slide projector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_(photography)" title="Tripod (photography)">Tripod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_head" title="Tripod head">head</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_plate" title="Zone plate">Zone plate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/35_mm_equivalent_focal_length" title="35 mm equivalent focal length">35 mm equivalent focal length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_view_(photography)" title="Angle of view (photography)">Angle of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aperture" title="Aperture">Aperture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backscatter_(photography)" title="Backscatter (photography)">Backscatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromatic_aberration" title="Chromatic aberration">Chromatic aberration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_of_confusion" title="Circle of confusion">Circle of confusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipping_(photography)" title="Clipping (photography)">Clipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">Color balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_temperature" title="Color temperature">Color temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_of_field" title="Depth of field">Depth of field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_of_focus" title="Depth of focus">Depth of focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_(photography)" title="Exposure (photography)">Exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_compensation" title="Exposure compensation">Exposure compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_value" title="Exposure value">Exposure value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebra_patterning" title="Zebra patterning">Zebra patterning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-number" title="F-number">F-number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">Film format</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_format" title="Large format">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_format" title="Medium format">medium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">Film speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focal_length" title="Focal length">Focal length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_number" title="Guide number">Guide number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperfocal_distance" title="Hyperfocal distance">Hyperfocal distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens_flare" title="Lens flare">Lens flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metering_mode" title="Metering mode">Metering mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspective_distortion" title="Perspective distortion">Perspective distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">Photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_printing" title="Photographic printing">Photographic printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albumen_print" title="Albumen print">Albumen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_processes" title="List of photographic processes">Photographic processes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography)" title="Reciprocity (photography)">Reciprocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-eye_effect" title="Red-eye effect">Red-eye effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_photography" title="Science of photography">Science of photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutter_speed" title="Shutter speed">Shutter speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_synchronization" title="Flash synchronization">Sync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_System" title="Zone System">Zone System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_photography" title="Abstract photography">Abstract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_photography" title="Aerial photography">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_spotting" title="Aircraft spotting">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_photography" title="Architectural photography">Architectural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrophotography" title="Astrophotography">Astrophotography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banquet_photography" title="Banquet photography">Banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candid_photography" title="Candid photography">Candid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_photography" title="Conceptual photography">Conceptual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_photography" title="Conservation photography">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloudscape_photography" title="Cloudscape photography">Cloudscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_photography" title="Documentary photography">Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_photography" title="Eclipse photography">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_anthropology" title="Visual anthropology">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_photography" title="Erotic photography">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_photography" title="Fashion photography">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_photography" title="Fire photography">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_photography" title="Forensic photography">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamour_photography" title="Glamour photography">Glamour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_photography" title="Landscape photography">Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochrome_photography" title="Monochrome photography">Monochrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_photography" title="Nature photography">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_photography" title="Nude photography">Nude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictorialism" title="Pictorialism">Pictorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_photography" title="Portrait photography">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-mortem_photography" title="Post-mortem photography">Post-mortem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruins_photography" title="Ruins photography">Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_selfie" title="Space selfie">space selfie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_documentary_photography" title="Social documentary photography">Social documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_photography" title="Sports photography">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_life_photography" title="Still life photography">Still life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_photography" title="Stock photography">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_photography" title="Straight photography">Straight photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_photography" title="Street photography">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_camera" title="Toy camera">Toy camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_photography" title="Underwater photography">Underwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_photography" title="Vernacular photography">Vernacular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_photography" title="Wedding photography">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_photography" title="Wildlife photography">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afocal_photography" title="Afocal photography">Afocal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokeh" title="Bokeh">Bokeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenizer_method" title="Brenizer method">Brenizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burst_mode_(photography)" title="Burst mode (photography)">Burst mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contre-jour" title="Contre-jour">Contre-jour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposing_to_the_right" title="Exposing to the right">ETTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fill_flash" title="Fill flash">Fill flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireworks_photography" title="Fireworks photography">Fireworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand-colouring_of_photographs" title="Hand-colouring of photographs">Hand-colouring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_shutter" title="Harris shutter">Harris shutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holography" title="Holography">Holography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_photography" title="Infrared photography">Infrared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_camera_movement" title="Intentional camera movement">Intentional camera movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirlian_photography" title="Kirlian photography">Kirlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_aerial_photography" title="Kite aerial photography">Kite aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_photography" title="Lo-fi photography">Lo-fi photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-exposure_photography" title="Long-exposure photography">Long-exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminogram" title="Luminogram">Luminogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro_photography" title="Macro photography">Macro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordan%C3%A7age" title="Mordançage">Mordançage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_exposure" title="Multiple exposure">Multiple exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-exposure_HDR_capture" title="Multi-exposure HDR capture">Multi-exposure HDR capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_photography" title="Night photography">Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panning_(camera)" title="Panning (camera)">Panning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoramic_photography" title="Panoramic photography">Panoramic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photogram" title="Photogram">Photogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_print_toning" title="Photographic print toning">Print toning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_photography" title="Pigeon photography">Pigeon photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redscale" title="Redscale">Redscale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rephotography" title="Rephotography">Rephotography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollout_photography" title="Rollout photography">Rollout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanography" title="Scanography">Scanography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlieren_photography" title="Schlieren photography">Schlieren photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabattier_effect" title="Sabattier effect">Sabattier effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_motion" title="Slow motion">Slow motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stopping_down" title="Stopping down">Stopping down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_photography" title="Strip photography">Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slit-scan_photography" title="Slit-scan photography">Slit-scan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_printing" title="Sun printing">Sun printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilt%E2%80%93shift_photography" title="Tilt–shift photography">Tilt–shift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_faking" title="Miniature faking">Miniature faking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-lapse_photography" title="Time-lapse photography">Time-lapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_photography" title="Ultraviolet photography">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vignetting" title="Vignetting">Vignetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerox_art" title="Xerox art">Xerography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_burst" title="Zoom burst">Zoom burst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">Composition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diagonal_method" title="Diagonal method">Diagonal method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framing_(visual_arts)" title="Framing (visual arts)">Framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headroom_(photographic_framing)" title="Headroom (photographic framing)">Headroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_room" title="Lead room">Lead room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_thirds" title="Rule of thirds">Rule of thirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplicity_(photography)" title="Simplicity (photography)">Simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_triangle_(composition)" title="Golden triangle (composition)">Golden triangle (composition)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_photography" title="History of photography">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_photography_technology" title="Timeline of photography technology">Timeline of photography technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrotype" title="Ambrotype">Ambrotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_photography" class="mw-redirect" title="Film photography">Film photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Autochrome Lumière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_camera" title="Box camera">Box camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calotype" title="Calotype">Calotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura">Camera obscura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufaycolor" title="Dufaycolor">Dufaycolor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliography" title="Heliography">Heliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippmann_plate" title="Lippmann plate">Lippmann plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painted_photography_backdrops" title="Painted photography backdrops">Painted photography backdrops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_plate" title="Photographic plate">Glass plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintype" title="Tintype">Tintype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Albania" title="Photography in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Bangladesh" title="Photography in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Canada" title="Photography in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_China" title="Photography in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Denmark" title="Photography in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Greece" title="Photography in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_India" title="Photography in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Japan" title="Photography in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Korea" title="Photography in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Luxembourg" title="Photography in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Norway" title="Photography in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_the_Philippines" title="Photography in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Serbia" title="Photography in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Photography in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Sudan" title="Photography in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Taiwan" title="Photography in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Turkey" title="Photography in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Ukraine" title="Photography in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_the_United_States" title="Photography in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Uzbekistan" title="Photography in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Vietnam" title="Photography in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">Digital photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">Digital camera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Digital single-lens reflex camera">D-SLR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_digital_SLRs" title="Comparison of digital SLRs">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirrorless_camera" title="Mirrorless camera">MILC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera_back" title="Digital camera back">camera back</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digiscoping" title="Digiscoping">Digiscoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_digital_and_film_photography" title="Comparison of digital and film photography">Comparison of digital and film photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_scanner" title="Film scanner">Film scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_sensor" title="Image sensor">Image sensor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active-pixel_sensor" title="Active-pixel sensor">CMOS APS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-CCD_camera" title="Three-CCD camera">Three-CCD camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveon_X3_sensor" title="Foveon X3 sensor">Foveon X3 sensor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_sharing" title="Image sharing">Image sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">Pixel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">Color photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_print_film" title="Color print film">Print film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromogenic_print" title="Chromogenic print">Chromogenic print</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversal_film" title="Reversal film">Reversal film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">Color management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK color model</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RGB color model</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Photographic_processing" title="Photographic processing">Photographic<br />processing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleach_bypass" title="Bleach bypass">Bleach bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-41_process" title="C-41 process">C-41 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collodion_process" title="Collodion process">Collodion process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_processing" title="Cross processing">Cross processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanotype" title="Cyanotype">Cyanotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_developer" title="Photographic developer">Developer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">Digital image processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dye_coupler" title="Dye coupler">Dye coupler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-6_process" title="E-6 process">E-6 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_fixer" title="Photographic fixer">Fixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatin_silver_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelatin silver process">Gelatin silver process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_printing" title="Gum printing">Gum printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_film" title="Instant film">Instant film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-14_process" title="K-14 process">K-14 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_permanence" title="Print permanence">Print permanence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_processing" title="Push processing">Push processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_bath" title="Stop bath">Stop bath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_photographs" title="List of largest photographs">Largest photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_photographs" title="List of most expensive photographs">Most expensive photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_devoted_to_one_photographer" title="List of museums devoted to one photographer">Museums devoted to one photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographs_considered_the_most_important" title="List of photographs considered the most important">Photographs considered the most important</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographers" title="List of photographers">Photographers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_photographers" title="List of Norwegian photographers">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_photographers" title="List of Polish photographers">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_street_photographers" title="List of street photographers">street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_photographers" title="List of women photographers">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photography_periodicals" title="List of photography periodicals">Photography periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographs" title="Conservation and restoration of photographs">Conservation and restoration of photographs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_film" title="Conservation and restoration of film">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographic_plates" title="Conservation and restoration of photographic plates">photographic plates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_camera#Lomography" title="Toy camera">Lomography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_art" title="Polaroid art">Polaroid art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Photography" title="Category:Photography">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/20px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/40px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_photography" title="Outline of photography">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mental_processes175" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mental_processes" title="Template:Mental processes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mental_processes" title="Template talk:Mental processes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mental_processes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mental processes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mental_processes175" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mental processes</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#efefef;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cognition" title="Cognition">Cognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_(psychology)" title="Association (psychology)">Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awareness" title="Awareness">Awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_flexibility" title="Cognitive flexibility">Cognitive flexibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_liberty" title="Cognitive liberty">Cognitive liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forecasting" title="Forecasting">Forecasting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affective_forecasting" title="Affective forecasting">affective</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foresight_(psychology)" title="Foresight (psychology)">Foresight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Understanding" title="Understanding">Comprehension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">Critical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision-making" title="Decision-making">Decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagination" title="Imagination">Imagination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuition" title="Intuition">Intuition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_solving" title="Problem solving">Problem solving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Problem_solving#Problem-solving_methods" title="Problem solving">methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_solving#Problem-solving_strategies" title="Problem solving">strategies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospection" title="Prospection">Prospection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#efefef;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">Perception</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amodal_perception" title="Amodal perception">Amodal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_vision" title="Color vision">Color</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RGB model</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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class="navbox-group" style="background:#efefef;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Memory" title="Memory">Memory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memory_consolidation" title="Memory consolidation">Consolidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encoding_(memory)" title="Encoding (memory)">Encoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_(memory)" title="Storage (memory)">Storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recall_(memory)" title="Recall (memory)">Recall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#efefef;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attention" title="Attention">Attention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experiential_avoidance" title="Experiential avoidance">Experiential avoidance</a></li> <li><a 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