Estland (Land) - KulturNav

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href="/language/et" rel="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" data-original-title="Estisk">Estisk</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> <p class="navbar-text nav-login"> <a href="/login"><i class="fa fa-sign-in" aria-hidden="true"></i> Logg inn/registrer</a> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div class="row"> <div id="work-panel" class="hide"></div> <div id="main-area" class=" col-md-9 col-md-push-3 "> <div id="entity-view" data-uuid="d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f">  <div id="entity-type-breadcrumb" class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <ul class="breadcrumb entity-type"> <li class="active"> <a href="/info/entityType.Place" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-question-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i> Sted </a> : <i class="fa fa-file fg-Concept" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a href="/359f1745-63b7-4447-8546-54aba8259ecb"> Land </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div>     <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h1 class="view-caption"> <span class="main-caption"> <i class="fa fa-file fg-Place" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span rel="tooltip" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Estland (Land) < Europa (Verdensdel)"> Estland (Land) </span> </span> </h1> <h2 class="view-caption"><b>Andre språk: </b>Estland (nynorsk), Estland (svensk), Estland (dansk), Eistland (islandsk), Estonia (engelsk), Eesti (estisk), Viro (finsk)</h2> <p class="view-caption"> <i class="fa fa-folder-open fg-Dataset" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a href="/ecb89f2c-c4cf-4313-b798-72d9ae058cf6">Land (Eksterne data)</a> </p> </div> </div>   <div class="row">  <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Stedtype</div> <div class="col-md-9 field-value"> <a href="/359f1745-63b7-4447-8546-54aba8259ecb">Land</a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Inkludert i</div> <div class="col-md-9 field-value"> <a href="/f1b0d7a0-fea6-4ee3-a72c-cdb7dbcb1901">Europa (Verdensdel) - Verdensdel</a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Datasett</div> <div class="col-md-9 field-value"> <a href="/ecb89f2c-c4cf-4313-b798-72d9ae058cf6">Land (Eksterne data)</a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Lisens</div> <div class="col-md-9 field-value"> <a href="/7c26ab70-a43b-41c1-9215-92efad2d3581"> Navngivelse (CC BY) </a> gjelder informasjonen på denne siden </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Sist lagret</div> <div class="col-md-9 field-value"><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o" aria-hidden="true" title="Sist lagret"></i> 30.05.2022 08:33:31</div> </div> </div>   <div id="header-status-column" class="col-md-4"> <div id="ref-stats-summary" class="ref-stats"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <span class="pull-right" rel="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="<div class="sync-stats-details"><span class="sync-stats-entry">Hentede data 23.11.2024 10:48:45</span></div>"> <span class="stats-time pull-right"> <i id="sync-running" class="fa fa-refresh" aria-hidden="true" title="Hentet informasjon oppdatert"></i> <span id="ref-timestamp">23.11.2024 10:48:45</span> </span> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row small-vertical-space"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="entity-status"> <span class="entity-status-update badge badge-success pull-right" data-listid="view-record" data-uuid="d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f">Publisert</span> <div class="field-caption pull-right">Status</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row small-vertical-space"> </div> </div>  </div>      <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-2"> <hr> </div> <div class="col-md-2 field-caption">URI <i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></div> <div class="col-md-10 field-value"> http://kulturarvsdata.se/resurser/aukt/geo/country#ee | <a href="/d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f.rdf" target="_blank">RDF/XML</a> | <a href="/d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f.json-ld" target="_blank">JSON-LD</a> </div> </div>   <div class="row"><div class="col-md-12"><span class="color-bar bg-Place"></span></div></div> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="dataTabs"> <li class="active" data-target="data"> <a href="#data"><i class="fa fa-info" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="hidden-xs">Fakta</span></a> </li> <li data-target="linkedData"> <a href="#linkedData"><i class="fa fa-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="hidden-xs">Lenkede data</span></a> </li> <li data-target="admin"> <a href="#admin"><i class="fa fa-cog" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="hidden-xs">Administrativt</span></a> </li> <li data-target="statistics"> <a href="#statistics"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon glyphicon-signal"></span> <span class="hidden-xs">Statistikk</span></a> </li> <li data-target="history"> <a href="#history"><i class="fa fa-history" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="hidden-xs">Historikk</span></a> </li> </ul> <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane active " id="data"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 extra-bottom-margin"> <a id="languagetoggler" class="btn btn-default pull-left" data-languageshidden="true" data-showlanguagetext="Vise språk" data-hidelanguagetext="Skjul språk"><i class="fa fa-language" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display " > <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> <span rel="tooltip" data-placement="right" data-original-title="<b>skos:prefLabel<br>entity.name</b>">Navn</span> </div> <div class="col-md-9 "> <div class="row lang-display"> <div class="col-md-9"> Estland </div> <div class="field-caption col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Bokmål </div> </div> <hr class="multi-language "> <div class="row lang-display"> <div class="col-md-9"> Estland </div> <div class="field-caption col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Nynorsk </div> </div> <hr class="multi-language hideable-lang "> <div class="row lang-display"> <div class="hideable-lang col-md-9"> Estland </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Svensk </div> </div> <hr class="multi-language hideable-lang "> <div class="row lang-display"> <div class="hideable-lang col-md-9"> Estland </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Dansk </div> </div> <hr class="multi-language hideable-lang "> <div class="row lang-display"> <div class="hideable-lang col-md-9"> Eistland </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Islandsk </div> </div> <hr class="multi-language hideable-lang "> <div class="row lang-display"> <div class="hideable-lang col-md-9"> Estonia </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Engelsk </div> </div> <hr class="multi-language hideable-lang "> <div class="row lang-display"> <div class="hideable-lang col-md-9"> Eesti </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Estisk </div> </div> <hr class="multi-language hideable-lang "> <div class="row lang-display"> <div class="hideable-lang col-md-9"> Viro </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Finsk </div> </div> <hr> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display hideable-lang hide "> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> Wikipedia (via Wikidata) </div> <div class="col-md-9"> <div class="alert alert-warning extdata-entry" role="alert"> <div class="field-caption text-small"> Engelsk </div> <div class="extdata-entry-content"> <p> </p> <p><b>Estonia</b>, officially the <b>Republic of Estonia</b>, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,300 other islands and islets on the east coast of the Baltic Sea, covering a total area of 45,335 square kilometres (17,504 sq mi). Tallinn, the capital city, and Tartu are the two largest urban areas. The Estonian language is the official language and the first language of the majority of the population of 1.4 million. </p> <p>Present-day Estonia has been inhabited by humans since at least 9,000 BCE. The medieval indigenous population of Estonia was one of the last pagan civilisations in Europe to adopt Christianity following the Northern Crusades in the 13th century. After centuries of successive rule by the Teutonic Order, Denmark, Sweden, and the Russian Empire, a distinct Estonian national identity began to reemerge in the mid-19th century. This culminated in the 1918 Estonian Declaration of Independence from the then-warring Russian and German empires. Democratic throughout most of the interwar period, Estonia declared neutrality at the outbreak of World War II, however the country was repeatedly contested, invaded, and occupied; first by the Soviet Union in 1940, then Nazi Germany in 1941, and ultimately reoccupied in 1944 by, and annexed into, the USSR as an administrative subunit (Estonian SSR). Throughout the 1944–91 Soviet occupation, Estonia's <i>de jure</i> state continuity was preserved by diplomatic representatives and the government-in-exile. Following the 1988–90 bloodless Estonian "Singing Revolution" against Soviet rule, the nation's full independence was restored on 20 August 1991. </p> <p>Estonia is a developed country with a high-income advanced economy. It is a democratic unitary parliamentary republic, administratively subdivided into 15 <i>maakond</i> (counties). It is one of the least populous members of the European Union and NATO. Estonia has consistently ranked highly in international rankings for quality of life, education, press freedom, digitalisation of public services and the prevalence of technology companies. </p>[en] </div> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-option-horizontal expander expand-abbreviation extdata-entry-content-expand pull-right hide"> </span> <a class="extdata-entry-readmore pull-right" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" target="_blank">Les hele artikkelen...</a> <hr> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" title="Navngivelse-Del på samme vilkår (CC BY-SA)" target="_blank"> <img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/3.0/80x15.png"> </a> · <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia" target="_blank">Wikipedia (via Wikidata)</a> · 23.11.2024 10:48:43 </div> </div> </div> <hr> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display hideable-lang hide "> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> Wikipedia (via Wikidata) </div> <div class="col-md-9"> <div class="alert alert-warning extdata-entry" role="alert"> <div class="field-caption text-small"> Estisk </div> <div class="extdata-entry-content"> <p><b>Eesti Vabariik</b> on riik Põhja-Euroopas. Eesti piirneb põhjas üle Soome lahe Soomega, läänes üle Läänemere Rootsiga, lõunas Lätiga ja idas Venemaaga. </p> <p>Eesti pindala on 45 335 km², koos merealaga 70 177 km². 13. sajandist kuni Eesti riigi iseseisvumiseni 1918. aastal on tänapäeva Eesti Vabariigi territoorium erinevatel aegadel kuulunud kas osaliselt või täielikult Saksa orduriigi, Taani, Poola, Rootsi kuningriigi ja Venemaa keisririigi koosseisu. </p> <p>Eesti on demokraatlik parlamentaarne vabariik, mille territoorium on jagatud viieteistkümneks maakonnaks. Iga maakond on omakorda jagatud valdadeks ja linnadeks, mis on kohaliku omavalitsuse üksused. Suurim linn on pealinn Tallinn. 1,4 miljoni elanikuga Eesti on üks Euroopa Liidu väiksema rahvaarvuga riike. </p> <p>Eesti kuulus iseseisva riigina Rahvasteliitu 22. septembrist 1921 kuni Nõukogude okupatsiooni alguseni juunis 1940, ent säilitas formaalse liikmesriigi staatuse kuni selle rahvusvahelise organisatsiooni tegevuse lõppemiseni 1946. aastal. 17. septembrist 1991 kuulub Eesti Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsiooni ja OSCEsse, 13. novembrist 1999 WTOsse, 29. märtsist 2004 NATOsse, 1. maist 2004 Euroopa Liitu, 21. detsembrist 2007 Schengeni viisaruumi, 9. detsembrist 2010 OECDsse ja 1. jaanuarist 2011 euroalasse. Eesti rahaühik on euro. Eesti on alla kirjutanud keskkonnakaitsealasele Kyōto protokollile ja Pariisi kliimaprotokollile. </p> <p>2017. aastal oli Eesti ÜRO inimarengu indeksi järgi maailmas 30. kohal. </p> <p>2021. aasta rahvaloenduse andmetel moodustavad rahvastiku enamuse (69,1%) eestlased, suurim vähemusrahvus on venelased (23,7%). </p>[et] </div> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-option-horizontal expander expand-abbreviation extdata-entry-content-expand pull-right hide"> </span> <a class="extdata-entry-readmore pull-right" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti" target="_blank">Les hele artikkelen...</a> <hr> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" title="Navngivelse-Del på samme vilkår (CC BY-SA)" target="_blank"> <img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/3.0/80x15.png"> </a> · <a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti" target="_blank">Wikipedia (via Wikidata)</a> · 23.11.2024 10:48:43 </div> </div> </div> <hr> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display hideable-lang hide "> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> Wikipedia (via Wikidata) </div> <div class="col-md-9"> <div class="alert alert-warning extdata-entry" role="alert"> <div class="field-caption text-small"> Finsk </div> <div class="extdata-entry-content"> <p><b>Viron tasavalta</b> (vir. <span><i>Eesti Vabariik</i></span>) eli <b>Viro</b> on valtio, joka sijaitsee Pohjois-Euroopassa Itämeren itärannalla Suomenlahden eteläpuolella Baltiassa. Se on Baltian maista pohjoisin. Virolla on maaraja Venäjän ja Latvian kanssa. </p> <p>Viron väkiluku on 1 366 000. Pääosan maan asukkaista muodostavat virolaiset, ja merkittävä vähemmistö on vironvenäläiset. Noin kolmannes (434 426) Viron asukkaista asuu maan pääkaupungissa Tallinnassa. Tallinnan jälkeen suurimpia kaupunkeja ovat yliopistokaupunki Tartto (98 449 asukasta), teollisuuskaupungit Narva (59 049 asukasta) ja Kohtla-Järve (37 198 asukasta) sekä kesäkaupunki Pärnu (40 005 asukasta). </p> <p>Viro on alavaa maata, jonka maisemaa hallitsevat metsät ja suot. Maahan kuuluvista saarista suurimmat ovat maan länsirannikolla sijaitsevat Saarenmaa ja Hiidenmaa. Viron suurin järvi on maan itäosassa, osittain Venäjän puolella sijaitseva Peipsijärvi. </p> <p>Toisen vuosituhannen aikana vuorotellen niin Ruotsin, Saksan kuin Venäjän vallan alla ollut Viro itsenäistyi ensimmäisen kerran Neuvosto-Venäjästä vuonna 1918, mutta toisen maailmansodan aikana maa joutui noin vuodeksi Neuvostoliiton ja tämän jälkeen kolmeksi vuodeksi Natsi-Saksan miehityksen kohteeksi. Vuosina 1944–1991 maa oli yksi neuvostotasavalloista. Neuvostoliiton hajoamisen jälkeen Viron talous ja elintaso ovat kohonneet merkittävästi, joskaan ne eivät ole saavuttaneet Pohjoismaiden tasoa. Muihin entisiin neuvostotasavaltoihin verrattuna Virossa on korkein elintaso, toimivin demokratia ja vähiten korruptiota. Maa liittyi Euroopan unioniin ja sotilasliitto Natoon vuonna 2004 sekä Euroopan yhteisvaluutta-alueeseen vuonna 2011. </p>[fi] </div> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-option-horizontal expander expand-abbreviation extdata-entry-content-expand pull-right hide"> </span> <a class="extdata-entry-readmore pull-right" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viro" target="_blank">Les hele artikkelen...</a> <hr> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" title="Navngivelse-Del på samme vilkår (CC BY-SA)" target="_blank"> <img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/3.0/80x15.png"> </a> · <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viro" target="_blank">Wikipedia (via Wikidata)</a> · 23.11.2024 10:48:45 </div> </div> </div> <hr> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display hideable-lang hide "> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> Wikipedia (via Wikidata) </div> <div class="col-md-9"> <div class="alert alert-warning extdata-entry" role="alert"> <div class="field-caption text-small"> Nynorsk </div> <div class="extdata-entry-content"> <p><b>Estland</b> (<i>Eesti</i>), offisielt <b>Republikken Estland</b> (<i>Eesti Vabariik</i>), er eit land i den baltiske delen av Nord-Europa. Det grensar til Finland i nord, skilt av Finskebukta, i vest til Sverige, skilt av Austersjøen, i sør til Latvia (343 km) og i aust til Russland (338,6 km). Landet dekkjer eit område på 45 227 km² og har eit temperert klima. </p> <p>Estarane er i nær slekt med finnane, og estisk språk har mange likskapar med finsk. Det moderne namnet på Estland kjem truleg frå den romerske historikaren Tacitus, som i boka <i>Germania</i> (frå om lag 98 e.Kr.) skildra eit folkeslag han kalla <i>Aestii</i> og <i>Aestiorum gentes</i>. På same måten viser gamle skandinaviske soger til eit land som heiter <i>Eistland</i>. Tidlege latinske og namn på området var <i>Estia</i> og <i>Hestia</i>. </p> <p>Estland er ein demokratisk parlamentarisk republikk og er delt inn i 15 fylke. Hovudstaden og den største byen er Tallinn. Med eit folketal på berre 1,4 millionar, er det eit av dei minst folkesette EU-medlemslanda. Estland har vore medlem av Folkeforbundet sidan 22. september 1921, av SN sidan 17. september 1991, av Den europeiske unionen sidan 1. mai 2004 og av NATO sidan 29. mars 2004. Landet har også signert Kyoto-protokollen. </p> <p>Busetjinga på det området som i dag er Estland, byrja rundt 8500 f.Kr., rett etter den siste istida. Gjennom hundreåra har estarane vore under Danmark, Den tyske riddarordenen, Sverige, Russland, Sovjetunionen og Nazi-Tyskland. Landet hadde den fyrste sjølvstendeperioden sin frå 1918–1940, etter Den russisk-estiske Tartu-traktaten, der Russland godkjende estisk sjølvstende. Under den andre verdskrigen vart Estland fyrst annektert og okkupert av Sovjetunionen og deretter av Nazi-Tyskland, før det igjen vart okkupert av Sovjetuionen i 1944. </p> <p>Estland vart sjølvstendig 20. august 1991. Sidan det har landet sett i gang eit effektivt program for sosial og økonomisk utvikling. I dag får landet anerkjenning for at det har ein av dei raskast veksande økonomiane i verda, stor økonomisk fridom og for at estarane er flinke til å ta i bruk ny teknologi. </p>[nn] </div> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-option-horizontal expander expand-abbreviation extdata-entry-content-expand pull-right hide"> </span> <a class="extdata-entry-readmore pull-right" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" target="_blank">Les hele artikkelen...</a> <hr> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" title="Navngivelse-Del på samme vilkår (CC BY-SA)" target="_blank"> <img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/3.0/80x15.png"> </a> · <a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" target="_blank">Wikipedia (via Wikidata)</a> · 23.11.2024 10:48:45 </div> </div> </div> <hr> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display "> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> Wikipedia (via Wikidata) </div> <div class="col-md-9"> <div class="alert alert-warning extdata-entry" role="alert"> <div class="extdata-entry-content"> <p><b>Estland</b>, offisielt <b>Republikken Estland</b>, er et land i Nord-Europa. Det er det minste og det nordligste landet av de tre republikkene som utgjør Baltikum. Det grenser mot Østersjøen i nord og vest, mot Latvia i sør og Russland i øst. Estland består av en flat halvøy, og i Østersjøen finner man de to store øyene Saaremaa og Hiiumaa. Grensen mot Russland domineres av innsjøen Peipus. Befolkningsmengden var på ca 1,3 millioner i 2019. </p> <p>Estland var en del av det russiske imperiet fra 1721 til den russiske revolusjonen i 1918 og var underlagt Sovjetunionen fra andre verdenskrig til 1991. Sammen med Latvia og Litauen var Estland det eneste europeiske landet som ble selvstendige etter første verdenskrig og som mistet selvstendigheten igjen. Estland hadde høyest levestandard av sovjetrepublikkene, vesentlig høyere enn Russland. </p> <p>Historisk har Estland forbindelser til Sverige og Danmark; språklig og kulturelt har land tett tilknytning til Finland. Estland var underlagt Danmark mellom 1219 og 1346, og den estiske øyen Øsel (Saaremaa) mellom 1559 og 1645, og var slik en del av Danmarks kolonirike. Estland var underlagt Sverige mellom 1561 og 1721. </p> <p>Estlands hovedstad og største by er Tallinn med 448 764 innbyggere (1. januar 2018). Før annen verdenskrig var 90 % av befolkningen estere, men på grunn av deportasjoner og innflytting av russere er deres andel sunket til 68,8 %. Den resterende sammensetningen er 25,6 % russere, 2,1 % ukrainere, 1,2 % belarusere, 0,8 % finner og 1,5 % som er av andre folkeslag. Forventet levealder er for menn 73.1 år og for kvinner er den 81 år . </p> <p>Estland ble medlem av FN i 1991, av NATO i 2004 og av EU i 2004. Den 1. januar 2011 gikk landet over til euro som valuta. Estland ble medlem av OECD i 2010. </p> </div> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-option-horizontal expander expand-abbreviation extdata-entry-content-expand pull-right hide"> </span> <a class="extdata-entry-readmore pull-right" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" target="_blank">Les hele artikkelen...</a> <hr> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" title="Navngivelse-Del på samme vilkår (CC BY-SA)" target="_blank"> <img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/3.0/80x15.png"> </a> · <a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" target="_blank">Wikipedia (via Wikidata)</a> · 23.11.2024 10:48:45 </div> </div> </div> <hr> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display hideable-lang hide "> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> Wikipedia (via Wikidata) </div> <div class="col-md-9"> <div class="alert alert-warning extdata-entry" role="alert"> <div class="field-caption text-small"> Svensk </div> <div class="extdata-entry-content"> <p><b>Estland</b> (estniska: <i>Eesti</i>), officiellt <b>Republiken Estland</b> (<i>Eesti Vabariik</i>, från <i>vaba</i>, "fri", och <i>riik</i>, "stat, rike"), är en republik i Baltikum i Nordeuropa. Landet har kust mot Finska viken, Östersjön och Rigabukten samt landgräns mot Ryssland och Lettland. Huvudstad är Tallinn. Landet omfattar över 2 200 öar i Östersjön och i Finska viken som ligger mellan Estland och Finland. Öarna utgör 10 procent av landets totala yta. De två största öarna är Ösel (<i>Saaremaa</i>) och Dagö (<i>Hiiumaa</i>), som ligger mellan Rigabukten och Östersjön. Genom sjön Peipus (<i>Peipsi järv</i>) i öster går en del av gränsen mot Ryssland. Berggrunden täcks övervägande av morän, som avlagrats under den senaste istiden. </p> <p>Estlands forntid inkluderar bosättningsperioden (omkring 10000 f.Kr.). Territoriet har varit bebott sedan åtminstone 6500 f.Kr., och finsk-ugrisktalande folk – de moderna esternas språkliga förfäder – anlände senast omkring 1800 f.Kr. Från 1200-talet fram till 1900-talet styrdes Estland av utländska herrar, först danskar och tyskar, och från 1500-talet svenskar. År 1721 övertog Kejsardömet Ryssland makten över Estland och styrde landet i nästan 200 år. </p> <p>År 1918, efter den tyska ockupationen under första världskriget, utropade republiken Estland sin självständighet. Tyska trupper trängde in i landet och Sovjetryssland hotade med ockupation, men efter fredsavtalet 1920 erkände Sovjetryssland formellt Estland. Självständigheten varade inte speciellt länge. Under andra världskriget invaderades Estland av först sovjetiska och senare av tyska stridskrafter. År 1944 återerövrade Sovjetunionen landet, som var en sovjetrepublik fram till 1991 när man på nytt utropade sin självständighet. Sedan 2004 är landet medlem av både Europeiska unionen och Nato. Estland blev 2010 medlem i OECD och året därpå införde Estland euron som valuta. </p> <p>Landets topografi växlar mellan slätter och kullandskap. Stora områden är karga och steniga, och berggrunden är täckt av tjocka moränlager som bildades under den senaste istiden. Myrar och mossmarker är också vanliga. Från de stora skogsområdena hämtas råvaran till den ekonomiskt viktiga träindustrin. Även maskin- och textilindustri är betydande näringsgrenar. </p> <p>Endast en liten del av landet kan användas till jordbruk. Inom jordbrukssektorn dominerar mjölkproduktion och boskapshantering, särskilt svinavel. Landet har stora förekomster av oljeskiffer, som bryts för framställning av gas och petrokemiska produkter. Nästan all elproduktion och fjärrvärme görs med oljeskiffer som råvara. I jämförelse med andra tidigare sovjetrepubliker har Estland högst levnadsstandard. </p>[sv] </div> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-option-horizontal expander expand-abbreviation extdata-entry-content-expand pull-right hide"> </span> <a class="extdata-entry-readmore pull-right" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" target="_blank">Les hele artikkelen...</a> <hr> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" title="Navngivelse-Del på samme vilkår (CC BY-SA)" target="_blank"> <img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/3.0/80x15.png"> </a> · <a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estland" target="_blank">Wikipedia (via Wikidata)</a> · 23.11.2024 10:48:45 </div> </div> </div> <hr> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display " > <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> <span rel="tooltip" data-placement="right" data-original-title="<b>mads:code<br>entity.code</b>">Kode</span> </div> <div class="col-md-9 "> 233 <hr class="multi-valued"> ee <hr class="multi-valued"> est <hr> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display " > <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> <span rel="tooltip" data-placement="right" data-original-title="<b>edm:hasType<br>place.type</b>">Stedtype</span> </div> <div class="col-md-9 "> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <a href="/359f1745-63b7-4447-8546-54aba8259ecb" class="internal-link">Land</a> </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Bokmål </div> </div> <div class="row hideable-lang "> <div class="col-md-12"> <hr class="multi-language"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="hideable-lang col-md-9"> <a href="/359f1745-63b7-4447-8546-54aba8259ecb" class="internal-link">Land</a> </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Svensk </div> </div> <div class="row hideable-lang "> <div class="col-md-12"> <hr class="multi-language"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="hideable-lang col-md-9"> <a href="/359f1745-63b7-4447-8546-54aba8259ecb" class="internal-link">Country</a> </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Engelsk </div> </div> <div class="row hideable-lang "> <div class="col-md-12"> <hr class="multi-language"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="hideable-lang col-md-9"> <a href="/359f1745-63b7-4447-8546-54aba8259ecb" class="internal-link">Riik</a> </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Estisk </div> </div> <hr> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display " > <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> <span rel="tooltip" data-placement="right" data-original-title="<b>schema:containedInPlace<br>place.isPartOf</b>">Inkludert i</span> </div> <div class="col-md-9 "> <div class="property-display multi-valued"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <a href="/f1b0d7a0-fea6-4ee3-a72c-cdb7dbcb1901" class="internal-link">Europa (Verdensdel) - Verdensdel</a> </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Bokmål </div> </div> </div> <hr> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display " > <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> <span rel="tooltip" data-placement="right" data-original-title="<b>schema:containsPlace<br>place.hasPart</b>">Består av</span> </div> <div class="col-md-9 "> <p> 16 Referanser i KulturNav, viser de 5 første: </p> <div class="ref-list"> <ul class="no-bullet"> <li><a href="/9b9cc9ae-d474-4970-8aac-628f03c6264b">Harjumaa (Maakond) [et]</a></li> <li><a href="/9a06b57a-e275-4377-9f66-72300efa8e97">Hiiumaa (Maakond) [et]</a></li> <li><a href="/7cf69bac-2a7f-473c-9c49-8642f2dc106d">Ida-Virumaa (Maakond) [et]</a></li> <li><a href="/53700c97-94bf-4335-bcb2-08ad613886b7">Jõgevamaa (Maakond) [et]</a></li> <li><a href="/5c9d9e68-6e56-4b2f-8080-a14752f434f8">Järvamaa (Maakond) [et]</a></li> </ul> <a class="btn btn-default" href="/d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f?viewTab=linkedData&linkedDataSource=kulturnav&refCrit=place.isPartOf_r%3Ad9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f%2CentityType%3A%21Draft">Vis alle 16 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-right"></span></a> </div> <hr> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display " > <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> <span rel="tooltip" data-placement="right" data-original-title="<b>owl:sameAs<br>entity.sameAs</b>">Samme som</span> </div> <div class="col-md-9 "> <a href="http://sws.geonames.org/453733" target="_blank" >http://sws.geonames.org/453733</a> <hr class="multi-valued"> <a href="http://viaf.org/viaf/134320092" target="_blank" >http://viaf.org/viaf/134320092</a> <hr class="multi-valued"> <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q191" target="_blank" >http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q191</a> <hr> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display " > <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> <span rel="tooltip" data-placement="right" data-original-title="<b>superconcept.sourceUri<br>superconcept.sourceUri</b>">Kilde-uri</span> </div> <div class="col-md-9 "> <a href="http://kulturarvsdata.se/resurser/aukt/geo/country#ee" target="_blank" >http://kulturarvsdata.se/resurser/aukt/geo/country#ee</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane " id="linkedData"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="btn-toolbar extra-bottom-margin"> <a class="btn btn-primary" href="/d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f?viewTab=linkedData&linkedDataSource=kulturnav">Lenker fra KulturNav (94)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="content-list col-md-12"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="admin"> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Uuid</div> <div class="col-md-9"><span class="field-value">d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f</span><hr></div> </div> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">ACL (rettigheter)</div> <div class="col-md-9"> <span class="field-value"> SYSTEM </span> <hr> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Status</div> <div class="col-md-9 field-value"> <a href="/853a2d84-5b2b-11e2-bcfd-0800200c9a66"> Publisert </a> <i class="fa fa-caret-square-o-down expander pull-right inline-expand" data-inlineuuid="d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f" aria-hidden="true"></i> <hr> <div class="hide inline-d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f"> <table class="table table-striped"> <thead> <tr> <th>Status</th> <th>Lagret av</th> <th>Tidspunkt</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Publisert</td> <td> root </td> <td>09.01.2015 12:46:40</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display " > <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> <span rel="tooltip" data-placement="right" data-original-title="<b>void:inDataset<br>entity.dataset</b>">Datasett</span> </div> <div class="col-md-9 "> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <a href="/ecb89f2c-c4cf-4313-b798-72d9ae058cf6" class="internal-link">Land (Eksterne data)</a> </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Bokmål </div> </div> <div class="row hideable-lang "> <div class="col-md-12"> <hr class="multi-language"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="hideable-lang col-md-9"> <a href="/ecb89f2c-c4cf-4313-b798-72d9ae058cf6" class="internal-link">Länder (Externa data)</a> </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Svensk </div> </div> <div class="row hideable-lang "> <div class="col-md-12"> <hr class="multi-language"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="hideable-lang col-md-9"> <a href="/ecb89f2c-c4cf-4313-b798-72d9ae058cf6" class="internal-link">Countries (K-samsök/GeoNames) (External data)</a> </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Engelsk </div> </div> <hr> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display " > <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> <span rel="tooltip" data-placement="right" data-original-title="<b>superconcept.isPlaceHolder<br>superconcept.isPlaceHolder</b>">Plassholdere</span> </div> <div class="col-md-9 "> Nei <hr> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display " > <div class="col-md-3 field-caption"> <span rel="tooltip" data-placement="right" data-original-title="<b>dcterms:license<br>superconcept.license</b>">Lisens</span> </div> <div class="col-md-9 "> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <a href="/7c26ab70-a43b-41c1-9215-92efad2d3581" class="internal-link">Navngivelse (CC BY)</a> </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Bokmål </div> </div> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12"> <hr class="multi-language"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <a href="/7c26ab70-a43b-41c1-9215-92efad2d3581" class="internal-link">Namngjeving (CC BY)</a> </div> <div class="field-caption col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Nynorsk </div> </div> <div class="row hideable-lang "> <div class="col-md-12"> <hr class="multi-language"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="hideable-lang col-md-9"> <a href="/7c26ab70-a43b-41c1-9215-92efad2d3581" class="internal-link">Erkännande (CC BY)</a> </div> <div class="field-caption hideable-lang col-md-3 text-small lang-label"> Svensk </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane " id="statistics"> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Opprettet av</div> <div class="col-md-9 field-value"> <span class="col-md-4"> <a href="/dd5fb8ca-f314-4dbe-ae24-12a23bf57195"> admin </a> </span> <span class="col-md-4"></span> <span class="col-md-4">15.03.2013 14:51:54</span> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Bidrag fra</div> <div class="col-md-9"> <table class="table table-striped"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="col-md-4"> <a href="/7b89c094-da28-4fdb-bcd2-ce0db0df923e"> Ulf Bodin (KulturIT) </a> </td> <td class="col-md-4"> <a href="/7275c9ac-fd3a-441f-91e3-83e0f42d6591"> KulturIT </a> </td> <td class="col-md-4">30.05.2022 08:33:31</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="col-md-4"> root </td> <td class="col-md-4"> </td> <td class="col-md-4">09.01.2015 12:46:40</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Godkjente forslag</div> <div class="col-md-9"> <table class="table table-striped"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="col-md-6"> <a href="/7b89c094-da28-4fdb-bcd2-ce0db0df923e"> Ulf Bodin (KulturIT) </a> </td> <td class="col-md-6"> <a href="/7275c9ac-fd3a-441f-91e3-83e0f42d6591"> KulturIT </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Benyttes av (Primus/Digitalt Museum)</div> <div class="col-md-9"> <table class="table table-striped"> <tbody> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Benyttes av (abonnement)</div> <div class="col-md-9"> <table class="table table-striped"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="col-md-4"> <a href="/a675a3c4-afad-43f6-a676-2b46918f4371"> Postmuseum (Museum) [sv] </a> </td> <td class="col-md-8"> <a href="/4ba428ae-2ace-4527-a7fc-1350504c2bd1"> Länder (Postmuseum) [sv] </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Deles i mapper</div> <div class="col-md-9"> <table class="table table-striped"> <tbody> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="history"> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Opprettet av</div> <div class="col-md-9"><span class="field-value"> <a href="/dd5fb8ca-f314-4dbe-ae24-12a23bf57195"> admin </a> </span><hr></div> </div> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Opprettet</div> <div class="col-md-9"><span class="field-value">15.03.2013 14:51:54</span><hr></div> </div> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Sist lagret av</div> <div class="col-md-9"><span class="field-value"> <a href="/7b89c094-da28-4fdb-bcd2-ce0db0df923e"> Ulf Bodin (KulturIT) </a> </span><hr></div> </div> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Sist lagret</div> <div class="col-md-9"><span class="field-value">30.05.2022 08:33:31</span><hr></div> </div> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Statusendring</div> <div class="col-md-9 field-value"> <table class="table table-striped"> <thead> <tr> <th>Status</th> <th>Lagret av</th> <th>Tidspunkt</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Publisert</td> <td> root </td> <td>09.01.2015 12:46:40</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="row property-display"> <div class="col-md-3 field-caption">Tidligere lagret</div> <div class="col-md-9 field-value"> <table class="table table-striped"> <thead> <tr> <th>Erstatt</th> <th>Lagret</th> <th>Lagret av</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="/d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f/1653824579219">29.05.2022 13:42:59</a></td> <td><i class="fa fa-clone" aria-hidden="true"></i> 29.05.2022 13:42:18</td> <td> <a href="/7b89c094-da28-4fdb-bcd2-ce0db0df923e"> Ulf Bodin (KulturIT) </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f/1631091657385">08.09.2021 11:00:57</a></td> <td><i class="fa fa-clone" aria-hidden="true"></i> 16.10.2020 15:20:17</td> <td> <a href="/7b89c094-da28-4fdb-bcd2-ce0db0df923e"> Ulf Bodin (KulturIT) </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f/1505554313607">16.09.2017 11:31:53</a></td> <td><i class="fa fa-clone" aria-hidden="true"></i> 16.09.2017 11:30:28</td> <td> <a href="/7b89c094-da28-4fdb-bcd2-ce0db0df923e"> Ulf Bodin (KulturIT) </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f/1505554228163">16.09.2017 11:30:28</a></td> <td><i class="fa fa-clone" aria-hidden="true"></i> 16.09.2017 11:29:30</td> <td> <a href="/7b89c094-da28-4fdb-bcd2-ce0db0df923e"> Ulf Bodin (KulturIT) </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f/1505554170910">16.09.2017 11:29:30</a></td> <td><i class="fa fa-clone" aria-hidden="true"></i> 16.09.2017 11:28:20</td> <td> <a href="/7b89c094-da28-4fdb-bcd2-ce0db0df923e"> Ulf Bodin (KulturIT) </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f/1420804000000">09.01.2015 12:46:40</a></td> <td><i class="fa fa-clone" aria-hidden="true"></i> 09.01.2015 12:46:40</td> <td> root </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="entity-toolbar"> <div id="menuButtonContainer" class="pull-right"> </div> </div> <button id="add-draft" class="btn btn-draft pull-right" title="Logg inn/registrer deg for å komme med forslag" data-uuid="d9579f70-339f-48fa-97a1-f22d60e49d7f"> <i class="fa fa-pencil-square"></i> </button> <div id="info-bar"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { 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