CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="eu" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Gas - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea.</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )euwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","urtarrila","otsaila","martxoa","apirila","maiatza","ekaina","uztaila","abuztua","iraila","urria","azaroa","abendua"],"wgRequestId":"f5058020-1b7b-4945-a449-b17ca588e28d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Gas","wgTitle":"Gas","wgCurRevisionId":9265618,"wgRevisionId":9265618,"wgArticleId":48622,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["ISBN lotura magikoak dituzten orrialdeak","Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluak","Hezkuntza Programako artikuluak","Hezkuntza Programa/Fisika eta Kimika","Wikipedia:BNF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:GND identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Wikipedia:LCCN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Jakindunen bideoak dituzten artikuluak","Materiaren egoerak"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"eu","wgPageContentLanguage":"eu","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"Gas","wgRelevantArticleId":48622,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"eu","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"eu"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q11432","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["architecture","bitness","brands","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ErrefAurrebista","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.TxikipediaTab", "ext.gadget.ArtikuluenKalitatea","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eu&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=eu&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eu&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.3"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gas_particle_movement.svg/1200px-Gas_particle_movement.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="857"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gas_particle_movement.svg/800px-Gas_particle_movement.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="571"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gas_particle_movement.svg/640px-Gas_particle_movement.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="457"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Gas - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea."> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//eu.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Aldatu" href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (eu)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//eu.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eu"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom Jarioa" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:AzkenAldaketak&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Gas rootpage-Gas skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Edukira joan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu nagusia" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu nagusia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Gas" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Gas" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Gas" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Gas" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Oinarrizko_gasak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oinarrizko_gasak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Oinarrizko gasak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oinarrizko_gasak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Izena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ezaugarri_fisikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ezaugarri_fisikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ezaugarri fisikoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ezaugarri_fisikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gasen_portaera_makroskopikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gasen_portaera_makroskopikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gasen portaera makroskopikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gasen_portaera_makroskopikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gasen_legeak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gasen_legeak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gasen legeak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gasen_legeak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Gasen legeak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gasen_legeak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boyle-Mariotteren_legea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boyle-Mariotteren_legea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Boyle-Mariotteren legea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boyle-Mariotteren_legea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boyleren_saiakuntza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boyleren_saiakuntza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Boyleren saiakuntza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boyleren_saiakuntza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Azalpena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azalpena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1.1</span> <span>Azalpena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azalpena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charlesen_legea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charlesen_legea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Charlesen legea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charlesen_legea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charlesen_legea_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charlesen_legea_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Charlesen legea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charlesen_legea_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>Legea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saiakuntza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saiakuntza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span> <span>Saiakuntza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saiakuntza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Azalpena_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azalpena_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2.1</span> <span>Azalpena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azalpena_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gay-Lussacen_legea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gay-Lussacen_legea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Gay-Lussacen legea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gay-Lussacen_legea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legea_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legea_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span>Legea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legea_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saiakuntza_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saiakuntza_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2</span> <span>Saiakuntza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saiakuntza_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Azalpena_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azalpena_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2.1</span> <span>Azalpena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azalpena_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gasen_lege_orokorra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gasen_lege_orokorra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Gasen lege orokorra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gasen_lege_orokorra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gas_idealen_legeak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas_idealen_legeak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Gas idealen legeak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas_idealen_legeak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gas_idealen_ekuazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas_idealen_ekuazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6.1</span> <span>Gas idealen ekuazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas_idealen_ekuazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daltonen_legea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daltonen_legea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Daltonen legea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daltonen_legea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Henry_legea_(gasen_disoluzioa)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Henry_legea_(gasen_disoluzioa)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Henry legea (gasen disoluzioa)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Henry_legea_(gasen_disoluzioa)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grahamen_legea_(gasen_zabalkundea)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grahamen_legea_(gasen_zabalkundea)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>Grahamen legea (gasen zabalkundea)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grahamen_legea_(gasen_zabalkundea)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fick_legea_(gasen_zabalkundea)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fick_legea_(gasen_zabalkundea)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.10</span> <span>Fick legea (gasen zabalkundea)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fick_legea_(gasen_zabalkundea)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gas_erreala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas_erreala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gas erreala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas_erreala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portaera_eskala_mikroskopikoan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portaera_eskala_mikroskopikoan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Portaera eskala mikroskopikoan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portaera_eskala_mikroskopikoan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gasen_teoria_zinetikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gasen_teoria_zinetikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Gasen teoria zinetikoa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gasen_teoria_zinetikoa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Gasen teoria zinetikoa azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gasen_teoria_zinetikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higidura_browniarra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higidura_browniarra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Higidura browniarra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higidura_browniarra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Molekula_arteko_indarrak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Molekula_arteko_indarrak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Molekula arteko indarrak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Molekula_arteko_indarrak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gasen_portaera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gasen_portaera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gasen portaera</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gasen_portaera-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Gasen portaera azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gasen_portaera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dentsitatea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dentsitatea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Dentsitatea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dentsitatea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gasaren_presioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gasaren_presioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Gasaren presioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gasaren_presioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topiko_bereziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topiko_bereziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Topiko bereziak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Topiko_bereziak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Topiko bereziak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Topiko_bereziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konprimatasuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konprimatasuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Konprimatasuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konprimatasuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reynolds_zenbakia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reynolds_zenbakia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Reynolds zenbakia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reynolds_zenbakia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Likatasuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Likatasuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Likatasuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Likatasuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turbulentzia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turbulentzia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Turbulentzia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turbulentzia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muga-geruza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muga-geruza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Muga-geruza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muga-geruza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entropia_maximoaren_printzipioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entropia_maximoaren_printzipioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.6</span> <span>Entropia maximoaren printzipioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entropia_maximoaren_printzipioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oreka_termodinamikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oreka_termodinamikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.7</span> <span>Oreka termodinamikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oreka_termodinamikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 154 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-154" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">154 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyft" title="Lyft – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lyft" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8" title="गैस – angikera" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="गैस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="غاز – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غاز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DD%A3%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ݣاز – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ݣاز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="غاز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="غاز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B" title="গেছ – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গেছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8" title="गैस – awadhiera" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="गैस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaz" title="Qaz – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qaz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قاز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قاز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doj%C4%97s" title="Dojės – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dojės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8" title="गैस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गैस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5" title="গ্যাসীয় পদার্থ – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্যাসীয় পদার্থ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plin" title="Plin – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Plin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Хии – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хии" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9-t%C4%81%CC%A4" title="Ké-tā̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ké-tā̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_(kimika)" title="Gas (kimika) – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gas (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="گاز – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گاز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plyn" title="Plyn – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Plyn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwy" title="Nwy – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nwy" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αέριο – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αέριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaso" title="Gaso – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gaso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaas" title="Gaas – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gaas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="گاز – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaasu" title="Kaasu – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaasu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasi" title="Kasi – fijiera" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kasi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1s" title="Gás – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gás" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pytundyry" title="Pytundyry – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pytundyry" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81" title="વાયુ – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વાયુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – manxera" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi-th%C3%AD" title="Hi-thí – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hi-thí" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%96" title="גז – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8" title="गैस – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गैस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plin" title="Plin – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Plin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1z" title="Gáz – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gáz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%A6" title="Գազ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գազ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A6" title="Կազ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կազ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaso" title="Gaso – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gaso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E4%BD%93" title="気体 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="気体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gias" title="Gias – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Gias" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/gapci" title="gapci – lojbana" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="gapci" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="აირი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2" title="ಅನಿಲ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅನಿಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4" title="기체 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaas" title="Gaas – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gaas" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dujos" title="Dujos – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dujos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%81ze" title="Gāze – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gāze" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etona" title="Etona – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Etona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Гас – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гас" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="വാതകം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വാതകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хий – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хий" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="वायू – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वायू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7" title="အငွေ့ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အငွေ့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8F" title="Лекся – erziera" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Лекся" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ggas" title="Ggas – napoliera" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ggas" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="ग्यास – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ग्यास" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81" title="वायु – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वायु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_(aggregatietoestand)" title="Gas (aggregatietoestand) – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gas (aggregatietoestand)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gass" title="Gass – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gass" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gass" title="Gass – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gass" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gase" title="Gase – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Gase" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaazii" title="Gaazii – oromoera" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gaazii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%82" title="ਫੂ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – papiamentoa" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="گیس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گیس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ګاز – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګاز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1s" title="Gás – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gás" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapsi" title="Wapsi – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wapsi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaro" title="Zaro – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Zaro" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Гаас – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гаас" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="گيس – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گيس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urrig" title="Urrig – tachelhita" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Urrig" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94" title="වායු – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වායු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plyn" title="Plyn – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Plyn" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="گیس – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="گیس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plin" title="Plin – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Plin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasi" title="Gasi – shonera" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gasi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawo" title="Hawo – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hawo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazi" title="Gazi – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gazi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Гас – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesi" title="Gesi – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gesi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goz" title="Goz – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Goz" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வளிமம் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வளிமம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82)" title="వాయువు (భౌతిక శాస్త్రం) – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వాయువు (భౌతిక శాస్త్రం)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA" title="แก๊ส – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แก๊ส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Хей – tuvera" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Хей" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="گیس – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گیس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazlar" title="Gazlar – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gazlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_kh%C3%AD" title="Chất khí – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chất khí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goaze" title="Goaze – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Goaze" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A5z" title="Gåz – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Gåz" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="气体 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="气体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="აირი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აირი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%96" title="גאז – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גאז" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8%CC%80f%C3%BA%C3%B9f%C3%B9" title="Ẹ̀fúùfù – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹ̀fúùfù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="气体 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="气体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E8%B3%AA" title="氣質 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="氣質" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AC-th%C3%A9" title="Khì-thé – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khì-thé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" title="氣體 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氣體" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UHowo" title="UHowo – zuluera" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UHowo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11432#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eztabaida:Gas" rel="discussion" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gas"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gas"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Gas" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Gas" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&oldid=9265618" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Gas&id=9265618&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGas"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGas"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Gas"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gas&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gases" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11432" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-1-Wikipedia10000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_guztiek_izan_beharreko_artikuluen_zerrenda/3._maila" title="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/20px-Wikipedia-1000.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/30px-Wikipedia-1000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/40px-Wikipedia-1000.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-2-HezkuntzaPrograma" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza" title="Artikulu hau "Kalitatezko 2.000 artikulu 12-16 urteko ikasleentzat" proiektuaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau "Kalitatezko 2.000 artikulu 12-16 urteko ikasleentzat" proiektuaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/19px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/28px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/38px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="794" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8986446">.mw-parser-output .noexcerpt{padding-top:10px}</style><div> <dl><dd><i>Artikulu hau materiaren egoerari buruzkoa da; beste esanahietarako, ikus «<a href="/wiki/Gas_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gas (argipena)">Gas (argipena)</a>».</i></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Gas_particle_movement.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gas_particle_movement.svg/220px-Gas_particle_movement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gas_particle_movement.svg/330px-Gas_particle_movement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gas_particle_movement.svg/440px-Gas_particle_movement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Gas fasean dauden partikulak (<a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomoak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekulak</a>, edo <a href="/wiki/Ioi" title="Ioi">ioiak</a>) libreki higitzen</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gasa</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Materia" title="Materia">materiaren</a> lau egoera nagusietako bat da. Ez dauka forma eta bolumen definiturik, eta libreki higitzen diren <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomo</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekulez</a> osatua dago<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Materiaren egoera <a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">solidoarekin</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Likido" title="Likido">likidoarekin</a> alderatura, gasak dentsitate eta likatasun txikiagoa dauka. Gas baten <a href="/wiki/Bolumen" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bolumen">bolumena</a> aldatu egiten da <a href="/wiki/Tenperatura" title="Tenperatura">tenperatura</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Presio" title="Presio">presioa</a> aldatzean, <a href="/wiki/Gas_idealen_legeak" title="Gas idealen legeak">gas idealen legeak</a> dioen bezala. Gasen beste ezaugarri nabarmen bat <a href="/wiki/Abiadura" title="Abiadura">abiadura</a> handiz hedatzeko gaitasuna da, edozein edukiontziren espazioa uniformeki bete arte<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Gas bat osatzen duten molekulek ia ez dituzte elkarrengana erakartzen, eta, beraz, hutsean mugitzen dira abiadura handian eta elkarrengandik oso bereizita, propietateak honela azalduz<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>Gas baten molekulak ia libre daude, eta, beraz, gai dira horiek dauden espazio osoan banatzeko. Molekulen arteko grabitate<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>- eta erakarpen-indarrak gutxiesgarriak dira molekulak mugitzen diren abiadurarekin alderatuta.</li> <li>Gasek osorik hartzen dute horiek gordetzen dituen ontziaren bolumena.</li> <li>Gasek ez dute forma zehatzik, eta gasak gordetzen dituzten ontziena hartzen dute.</li> <li>Erraz konprima daitezke molekula batzuen eta besteen artean espazio huts handiak daudelako.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Lurrun" title="Lurrun">Lurrunek</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(fisika)" title="Plasma (fisika)">plasmak</a> propietateak partekatzen dituzte gasekin, eta nahaste homogeneoak sor ditzakete, adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Ur_lurrun" title="Ur lurrun">ur</a>- eta aire-lurruna; oro har, gas-gorputz, gas-egoera<b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </b>edo gas-fase gisa ezagutzen dira. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oinarrizko_gasak">Oinarrizko gasak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Oinarrizko gasak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Oinarrizko gasak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Diffusion_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Diffusion_animation.gif/220px-Diffusion_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Diffusion_animation.gif/330px-Diffusion_animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Diffusion_animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption>Gas-partikulen ausazko mugimendua difusioan gertatzen da.</figcaption></figure> <p>Baldintza estandarretan egonkorrak diren gas <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekular</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diatomiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diatomiko (sortu gabe)">diatomiko</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homonuklear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homonuklear (sortu gabe)">homonuklearrak</a> diren <a href="/wiki/Elementu_kimiko" title="Elementu kimiko">elementu kimiko</a> bakarrak <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">hidrogenoa</a> (H2), <a href="/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno">nitrogenoa</a> (N2), <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigenoa</a> (O2) eta bi <a href="/wiki/Halogeno" title="Halogeno">halogeno</a> dira: <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluorra</a> (F2) eta <a href="/wiki/Kloro" title="Kloro">kloroa</a> (Cl2). <a href="/wiki/Gas_noble" title="Gas noble">Gas noble</a> monatomikoekin —<a href="/wiki/Helio" title="Helio">helioarekin</a> (He), <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neonarekin</a> (Ne), <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argonarekin</a> (Ar), <a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">kriptona</a> (Kr), <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenonarekin</a> (Xe) eta <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">radonarekin</a> (Rn)— elkartzen direnean, <i>oinarrizko gas</i> esaten zaie gas horiei. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izena">Izena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Izena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Gas</i> hitza <a href="/wiki/Neologismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Neologismo">neologismoa</a> da, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_Van_Helmont" title="Jan Baptist Van Helmont">Jan Baptist van Helmont</a> kimikari <a href="/wiki/Flandria" title="Flandria">flandriarrak</a> proposatua <a href="/wiki/XVII._mendea" title="XVII. mendea">XVII. mendean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greziera" title="Greziera">grezierazko</a> <i>chaos</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kaos_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kaos (argipena)">kaos</a>) hitzaren <a href="/wiki/Nederlandera" title="Nederlandera">nederlanderako</a> ahoskatzearen idazkera <a href="/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika">fonetiko</a> gisa. Euskaraz beste neologismo bat ere sortu zen <a href="/wiki/XX._mendea" title="XX. mendea">XX. mendean</a>, <i>laspel</i>, baina gaur egun ez da ia erabiltzen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1648an, Jan Baptista van Helmont kimikariak, kimika pneumatikoaren aitatzat hartzen denak, gas hitza sortu zuen (denbora batez <i>egoera aeriformea</i> ere erabili zen), grezierazko kaos (nahasketa) hitzetik abiatuta, anhidrido karbonikoaren ezaugarriak definitzeko. Izendapen hori, gero, gas-gorputz guztietara hedatu zen, fluido elastikoak, fluido konprimagarriak edo aireak ere deituak, eta materiaren egoeretako bat izendatzeko erabiltzen da. </p><p>Gasek solidoen eta likidoen aldean duten ezaugarri nagusia da ezin direla ikusi eta ukitu, baina, haiek bezala, atomoz eta molekulez konposatuak daude. </p><p>Gasaren izaeraren zioa molekuletan dago, bata bestearengandik oso bereizita eta ausazko mugimenduekin. Materiaren beste bi egoerekin gertatzen den bezala, gasa ere likido bihur daiteke tenperatura oso baxuak jasaten baditu. Prozesu horri <a href="/wiki/Kondentsazio" title="Kondentsazio">kondentsazioa</a> esaten zaio <a href="/wiki/Lurrun" title="Lurrun">lurrunen</a> kasuan, eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Likuefakzio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Likuefakzio (sortu gabe)">likuefakzioa</a> gas perfektuen kasuan. </p><p>Gas gehienek, kondentsazioa lortzeko, tenperatura oso baxuak behar dituzte. Adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigenoaren</a> kasuan, behar den tenperatura -183 °C-koa da<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Gasen lehen legeak <a href="/wiki/XVII._mendea" title="XVII. mendea">XVII. mendearen</a> amaieratik garatu ziren, zientzialariak konturatzen hasi zirenean gas lagin baten <a href="/wiki/Presio" title="Presio">presio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolumen_(espazioa)" title="Bolumen (espazioa)">bolumen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Tenperatura" title="Tenperatura">tenperaturaren</a> arteko erlazioetan, <a href="/wiki/Sistema_itxi" title="Sistema itxi">sistema itxi</a> batean, gas guztientzat baliagarria izango zen formula bat lor zitekeela. Horiek antzera jokatzen dute baldintza ugaritan, molekulak elkarrengandik aldenduago daudelako, eta, gaur egun, gas ideal baten egoera ekuazioa <a href="/wiki/Teoria_zinetiko" title="Teoria zinetiko">teoria zinetikotik</a> dator. Orain, gasen lehengo legeak gas idealaren ekuazioaren kasu berezitzat hartzen dira, konstante mantendutako aldagai batekin edo gehiagorekin. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Enpirismo" title="Enpirismo">Enpirikoki</a>, tenperaturaren, presioaren eta bolumenaren arteko erlazio proportzionalak ikusten dira, gas idealen legea eragiten dutenak eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Clapeyron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Émile Clapeyron (sortu gabe)">Émile Clapeyronek</a>, <a href="/wiki/1834" title="1834">1834an</a>, lehen aldiz ondorioztatua. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ezaugarri_fisikoak">Ezaugarri fisikoak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ezaugarri fisikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ezaugarri fisikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:MountRedoubtEruption.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/MountRedoubtEruption.jpg/220px-MountRedoubtEruption.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/MountRedoubtEruption.jpg/330px-MountRedoubtEruption.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/MountRedoubtEruption.jpg/440px-MountRedoubtEruption.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption>1990eko apirilaren 21ean, <a href="/wiki/Redoubt_mendia" title="Redoubt mendia">Redoubt</a> mendiaren erupzioa, Alaska, oreka termodinamikoan ez dauden benetako gasak irudikatuz.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gasa osatzen duten atomoak edo molekulak modu independentean mugitzen dira (solido edo likido batekoak baino modu askeagoan), haiek batera mantenduko dituen edo sakabanatuko dituen indarrik gabe. Partikulen arteko elkarrekintza bakarrak talka bakan eta ausazkoak dira; bakoitza ausazko norabidean eta abiadura handian higitzen da. Abiadura tenperaturaren araberakoa da eta <a href="/wiki/Maxwell-Boltzmann_banaketa" title="Maxwell-Boltzmann banaketa">Maxwell-Boltzmann banaketaren</a> bidez definitzen da. Beraz, gas <a href="/wiki/Fase" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Fase">fasea</a> egoera guztiz kaotikoa da. </p><p>Gas baten egoera <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">termodinamikoak</a> hiru propietate dauzka: bolumena, tenperatura eta presioa. Aldagai hauen arteko erlazioa <a href="/wiki/Gas_idealen_legeak" title="Gas idealen legeak">gas idealen funtsezko legearen</a> bidez azaltzen da: <a href="/wiki/Gas_ideal" title="Gas ideal">gas ideal</a> baten presioa bere tenperaturarekiko eta molekula-kopuruarekiko proportzionala eta bere bolumenarekiko alderantziz proportzionala da. </p><p>Likidoak eta <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Plasma (argipena)">plasmak</a> bezala, gasak ere <a href="/wiki/Jariakin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jariakin">fluido</a> isurkor eta askeak dira. Higitu ondoren, ez dira beren jatorrizko konfiguraziora itzultzen. Likidoek ez bezala, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huts-ingurune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huts-ingurune (sortu gabe)">huts-ingurune</a> batean gordetako gas askeek ez dute bolumen finkorik betetzen; horren ordez, espazio osoa bete arte hedatzen dira. Kontuan izan behar da baldintza hau soilik gertatzen dela huts-inguruneetan. Esaterako, <a href="/wiki/Aire" title="Aire">aire</a> zabalean <a href="/wiki/Karbono_dioxido" title="Karbono dioxido">karbono dioxidoa</a> isurtzen bada, gasa ez da hedatuko eta lurrera eroriko da, airea dentsoagoa delako. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gasen_portaera_makroskopikoa">Gasen portaera makroskopikoa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gasen portaera makroskopikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Gasen portaera makroskopikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:CFD_Shuttle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/CFD_Shuttle.jpg/220px-CFD_Shuttle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/CFD_Shuttle.jpg/330px-CFD_Shuttle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/CFD_Shuttle.jpg/440px-CFD_Shuttle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Espazio-anezka" title="Espazio-anezka">Espazio-anezkaren</a> inguruko gas-fluxuaren eredua, <a href="/wiki/Lurraren_atmosfera" title="Lurraren atmosfera">Lurraren atmosferara</a> berriz sartzeko fasean.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gas bat behatzean, ohikoa da erreferentzia-marko bat edo luzera-eskala bat zehaztea. Luzera handiagoko eskala gasaren ikuspuntu <a href="/wiki/Maila_makroskopiko" title="Maila makroskopiko">makroskopiko</a> edo global bati dagokio. Alde horrek (bolumena) gas-partikulen lagin handi bat edukitzeko adinako tamaina izan behar du. Lagin-tamaina horren ondoriozko estatistika-analisiak aldean dauden gas-partikula guztien <i>batez besteko</i> portaera sortzen du (hau da: abiadura, tenperatura edo presioa). Aitzitik, luzera txikiagoko eskala ikuspuntu mikroskopiko bati edo partikulen ikuspuntu bati dagokio. </p><p>Makroskopikoki, gasaren ezaugarriak gasaren partikulen (abiadura, presioa edo tenperatura) edo ingurunearen (bolumena) arabera neurtzen dira. Adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boylek</a> kimika pneumatikoa ikasi zuen bere ikasketa-ibilbidearen zati txiki batean. Bere esperimentuetako batek presioaren propietate makroskopikoak eta gas baten bolumena erlazionatu zituen. Bere esperimentuan, <b>J </b>hodi-manometro bat erabili zuen, J hizkiaren formako saiakuntza-hodi bat dirudiena. Boylek gas inerte bat harrapatu zuen saiakuntza-hodiaren mutur itxian merkurio-zutabe batekin, eta horrek partikula-kopurua eta tenperatura konstanteak izatea eragiten du. Gasaren presioa handitzen zenean, harrapatutako gasaren bolumena murriztu egiten zela ikusi zuen zutabeari merkurio gehiago gehitzean (horri, alderantzizko erlazioa esaten zaio). Gainera, Boylek behaketa bakoitzaren presioa eta bolumena biderkatu zituenean, produktua konstantea izan zen. Harreman hori mantendu zen Boylek behatutako gas bakoitzerako, eta horrek (PV=k) legera eraman zuen, arlo horretan berak egindako lanaren omenez izendatua. </p><p>Tresna matematiko asko daude gasen propietateak aztertzeko. Gasak muturreko baldintzen mende dauden heinean, tresna horiek konplexuagoak bihurtzen dira: fluxu ez likatsurako Eulerren ekuazioetatik hasi eta efektu likatsuak erabat azaltzen dituzten <a href="/wiki/Navier-Stokes_ekuazioak" title="Navier-Stokes ekuazioak">Navier-Stokesen ekuazioetaraino</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ekuazio horiek kasuan kasuko gas-sistemaren baldintzetara egokitzen dira. Boyleren laborategiko taldeak algebra erabiltzea ahalbidetu zuen bere emaitza analitikoak lortzeko. Emaitzak, gasak aztertzen ari zelako presio nahiko baxuko egoeretan, posible izan ziren modu <i>ezin hobean</i> jokatzen zutelako. Erlazio ideal horiek erabiltzen diren materialetan, hainbat hegaldi-baldintzatarako segurtasun-kalkuluei aplikatzen zaizkie. Gaur egun erabiltzen den goi teknologiako ekipoa ingurune operatibo exotikoenak segurtasunez esploratzen laguntzeko diseinatu zen, non gasek jada ez duten modu <i>ezin hobean</i> jokatzen. Matematika aurreratu horrek estatistikak eta aldagai anitzeko kalkulua barne hartzen ditu, eta aukera ematen du egoera dinamiko konplexuak konpontzeko, hala nola ibilgailu espazialak berriz sartzea. Adibidez, irudian agertzen den <a href="/wiki/Espazio-anezka" title="Espazio-anezka">espazio-anezkaren</a> birsarreraren analisia karga baldintza horren behean materialaren propietateak egokiak direla bermatzeko. Hegaldi-erregimen horretan, gasak jada ez du modu ezin hobean jokatzen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gasen_legeak">Gasen legeak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gasen legeak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Gasen legeak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lege askok aztertzen dute gasen <a href="/wiki/Presio" title="Presio">presioa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolumen" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bolumen">bolumena</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Tenperatura" title="Tenperatura">tenperatura</a> arteko erlazioa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boyle-Mariotteren_legea">Boyle-Mariotteren legea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Boyle-Mariotteren legea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Boyle-Mariotteren legea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Boyle-Mariotteren_legea" title="Boyle-Mariotteren legea">Boyle-Mariotteren legea</a>»</div> <p>Boyle-Mariotteren legea <a href="/wiki/Gas_idealen_legeak" title="Gas idealen legeak">gas idealen legeetako</a> bat da, prozesu isotermoa aztertzen duena hain zuzen ere. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boylek</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxforden</a> (<a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>) eta <a href="/wiki/Edme_Mariotte" title="Edme Mariotte">Edme Mariottek</a> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Parisen</a> (<a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>), bakoitzak bere aldetik, aurkituriko legea da. </p><p>Legeak dioenez, <i>gas baten sartu-irtenik gabe gasaren tenperatura konstante mantentzen bada gas honen gaineko presioa eta gasaren bolumena alderantziz proportzionalak dira</i>. Hau da: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}V_{1}=P_{2}V_{2}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}V_{1}=P_{2}V_{2}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a2dd1868807950e6d55cd6205b1cfbff69b88fa3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.398ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}V_{1}=P_{2}V_{2}\,}"></span> </p><p>Ikurrak: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/76919f6d45b15ee10197acbee267866e6b7ea359" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.934ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}\,}"></span>= Hasierako presioa (<a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_(unitatea)" title="Atmosfera (unitatea)">atm</a>)</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cf4994041ca4e17a222e527f27d46d1eaa034920" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.797ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1}\,}"></span>= Hasierako bolumena (<a href="/wiki/Litro" title="Litro">litro</a>)</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{2}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{2}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2fdbc3f7ed00046b4092d75f083005c2757dd5d4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.934ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{2}\,}"></span>= Amaierako presioa (<a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_(unitatea)" title="Atmosfera (unitatea)">atm</a>)</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{2}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{2}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6d7cb89fb330b7c7bba867d2e1b28be6aa07ff7f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.797ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{2}\,}"></span>= Amaierako bolumena (<a href="/wiki/Litro" title="Litro">litro</a>)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Boyleren_saiakuntza">Boyleren saiakuntza</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Boyleren saiakuntza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Boyleren saiakuntza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Boyles_Law_animated.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Boyles_Law_animated.gif/250px-Boyles_Law_animated.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Boyles_Law_animated.gif/375px-Boyles_Law_animated.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Boyles_Law_animated.gif/500px-Boyles_Law_animated.gif 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption> Tenperatura konstante mantenduz bolumena eta presioaren arteko erlazioa azaltzen duen saiakuntzaren animazioa</figcaption></figure> <p>Hau da Boylek egin zuen esperimentua. Tenperatura konstante mantenduz, presioa handitu ahala bolumena jeisten zela ikusi zuen, baina, beti ere, bien arteko biderkaketa konstante mantentzen zen. Horretarako, ontzi batean, gasa sartu zuten, eta, goiko aldean, enbolo batekin hermetikoki itxi. Enboloan pisua jarriz, hura jeitsi eta bolumena txikitzen zenean, ontzi barruko gasaren presioa igo egiten zen; aldiz, enboloa jasoz, presioa txikitu egiten zen bolumena handitzean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Azalpena">Azalpena</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Azalpena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Azalpena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bolumena txikitzerakoan, gas molekulek toki gutxiago dute mugitzeko, eta maizago jotzen dituzte ontziaren hormak. Aldiz, bolumena handitzerakoan, molekulek toki gehiago dute, eta hormen kontrako talkak gutxiagotu egiten dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charlesen_legea">Charlesen legea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Charlesen legea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Charlesen legea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Charlesen_legea" title="Charlesen legea">Charlesen legea</a>»</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charlesen_legea_2">Charlesen legea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Charlesen legea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Charlesen legea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Charlesen_legea" title="Charlesen legea">Charlesen legea</a>»</div> <p>Charlesen legea <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Charles" title="Jacques Charles">Jacques Charles</a> <a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">fisikari</a> <a href="/wiki/Frantziar" title="Frantziar">frantziarrak</a> <a href="/wiki/1787" title="1787">1787an</a> azaldutako legea da, baina ez zen ezagutarazi <a href="/wiki/1802" title="1802">1802</a> arte, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph_Gay-Lussac" title="Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac">Gay-Lussacek</a> beronen berri eman zuen arte. <a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a> kimikari ingelesak, bere aldetik, lege bera lortu zuen <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801ean</a> (oraindik, Charlesen legea publikatu gabe zegoen), baina Charlesek, lehenago aurkitzeaz gain, askoz hobeto dokumentatua zuenez beronen izena darama legeak.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legea">Legea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Legea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Legea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Legeak dioenez, gas baten sartu-irtenik gabe gasaren presioa konstante mantentzen bada, gas horren bolumena eta gasaren tenperatura zuzenki proportzionalak dira. Hau da: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {V_{1}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {V_{2}}{T_{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {V_{1}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {V_{2}}{T_{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dac6c4cc0111f3adcee36af38f87a7de1634f9a8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:9.594ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {V_{1}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {V_{2}}{T_{2}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Ikurrak: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cf4994041ca4e17a222e527f27d46d1eaa034920" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.797ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1}\,}"></span>= Hasierako bolumena (<a href="/wiki/Litro" title="Litro">litro</a>)</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{1}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{1}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/49c9a2218485f922c06aefeb698ca88d2c327cdc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.799ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{1}\,}"></span>= Hasierako tenperatura (<a href="/wiki/Kelvin_(unitatea)" title="Kelvin (unitatea)">ºK</a>)</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{2}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{2}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6d7cb89fb330b7c7bba867d2e1b28be6aa07ff7f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.797ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{2}\,}"></span>= Amaierako bolumena (<a href="/wiki/Litro" title="Litro">litro</a>)</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{2}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{2}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ece18d354a4cc86f5f7f4fcea6a0c1772a62c20" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.799ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{2}\,}"></span>= Amaierako tenperatura (<a href="/wiki/Kelvin_(unitatea)" title="Kelvin (unitatea)">ºK</a>)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saiakuntza">Saiakuntza</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Saiakuntza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Saiakuntza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Charles_and_Gay-Lussac%27s_Law_animated.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Charles_and_Gay-Lussac%27s_Law_animated.gif/250px-Charles_and_Gay-Lussac%27s_Law_animated.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Charles_and_Gay-Lussac%27s_Law_animated.gif/375px-Charles_and_Gay-Lussac%27s_Law_animated.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Charles_and_Gay-Lussac%27s_Law_animated.gif/500px-Charles_and_Gay-Lussac%27s_Law_animated.gif 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption> Presioa konstante mantenduz bolumena eta tenperaturaren erlazioa azaltzen duen saiakuntzaren animazioa</figcaption></figure> <p>Charlesek, ontzi batean, gas bat sartu zuen goian enbolo batek hermetikoki ontzia ixten zuelarik. Orduan, ontzia berotzerakoan enboloa igo egiten zela (bolumena handitzearen ondorioz) ikusi zuen, eta berriz hozten uzterakoan enboloa jeisti egiten zela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Azalpena_2">Azalpena</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Azalpena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Azalpena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gasa berotzerakoan, gasaren molekulek abiadura handiagotzen dute, eta hormen kontrako talkak ugaritzen dira ontziaren berneko presioa handituz. Enboloak gora jotzen du presio atmosferikoarekin berdintzen den arte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gay-Lussacen_legea">Gay-Lussacen legea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gay-Lussacen legea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Gay-Lussacen legea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Gay-Lussacen_legea" title="Gay-Lussacen legea">Gay-Lussacen legea</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/220px-seek%3D71-Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="224" data-mwtitle="Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fitxategi:Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="3840" data-height="2160" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/Gas_idealen_legea_Boyle_GayLussac_Charles_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><b>Gas idealen legea</b> ulertzeko bideoa.<hr /><span style="color: #777;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.jakindun.com/" rel="nofollow"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jakindun_logoa.png/33px-Jakindun_logoa.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jakindun_logoa.png/50px-Jakindun_logoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jakindun_logoa.png/66px-Jakindun_logoa.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Bideo hau Jakindun elkarteak egin du. Gehiago dituzu eskuragarri <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jakindun.com/">euren gunean</a>. Bideoak dituzten artikulu guztiak ikus ditzakezu <a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Jakindunen_bideoak_dituzten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Jakindunen bideoak dituzten artikuluak"><b>hemen</b></a>.</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Gay-Lussacen legea <a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph_Gay-Lussac" title="Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac">Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac</a> <a href="/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika">kimikari</a> <a href="/wiki/Frantziar" title="Frantziar">frantziarrak</a> <a href="/wiki/1805" title="1805">1805ean</a> azaldutako legea da. <a href="/wiki/Gas_idealen_legeak" title="Gas idealen legeak">Gas idealen legeetako</a> bat da.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legea_2">Legea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Legea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Legea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Legeak dioenez, gas baten sartu-irtenik gabe gasaren bolumena konstante mantentzen bada, gas horren presioa eta gasaren tenperatura zuzenki proportzionalak dira. Hau da: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {P_{1}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {P_{2}}{T_{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {P_{1}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {P_{2}}{T_{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6f47b00a91dd94ee017658d246ba3a11a2ef9bc1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:9.864ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {P_{1}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {P_{2}}{T_{2}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Ikurrak: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/76919f6d45b15ee10197acbee267866e6b7ea359" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.934ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}\,}"></span>= Hasierako presioa (<a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_(unitatea)" title="Atmosfera (unitatea)">atm</a>)</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{1}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{1}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/49c9a2218485f922c06aefeb698ca88d2c327cdc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.799ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{1}\,}"></span>= Hasierako tenperatura (<a href="/wiki/Kelvin_(unitatea)" title="Kelvin (unitatea)">ºK</a>)</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{2}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{2}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2fdbc3f7ed00046b4092d75f083005c2757dd5d4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.934ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{2}\,}"></span>= Amaierako presioa (<a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_(unitatea)" title="Atmosfera (unitatea)">atm</a>)</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{2}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{2}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ece18d354a4cc86f5f7f4fcea6a0c1772a62c20" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.799ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{2}\,}"></span>= Amaierako tenperatura (<a href="/wiki/Kelvin_(unitatea)" title="Kelvin (unitatea)">ºK</a>)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saiakuntza_2">Saiakuntza</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Saiakuntza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Saiakuntza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gay-Lussacek gas bat sartu zuen ontzi itxi batean. Ontziaren azpian, pizgailua jarriz gasa berotu, eta ontziaren hormen kontrako presioa handitu zela ikusi zuen. Bero iturria itzaltzerakoan, presioa jeisten joan zen hasierako egoerara iritsi arte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Azalpena_3">Azalpena</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Azalpena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Azalpena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gasaren molekulak berotzerakoan azkarrago mugitzen dira, eta, beraz, hormen aurka egiten dituzten talkak ugaritu egiten dira. Aldiz, tenperatura jeistean, molekulak moteldu egiten dira, eta hormen aurkako talkak, gutxitu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gasen_lege_orokorra">Gasen lege orokorra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gasen lege orokorra»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Gasen lege orokorra"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gasen lege orokorrak presio, tenperatura eta bolumen aldagaiekiko hauen portamoldea argitzen du. Honela, gas masa konstante batean, aldagai hauen arteko erlazioa hurrengo berdinketak ezartzen du: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {P_{1}V_{1}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {P_{2}V_{2}}{T_{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {P_{1}V_{1}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {P_{2}V_{2}}{T_{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/171a1e95810f86795f3393fdd717a7eb1925fb67" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:14.683ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {P_{1}V_{1}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {P_{2}V_{2}}{T_{2}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gas_idealen_legeak">Gas idealen legeak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gas idealen legeak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Gas idealen legeak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Sakontzeki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi:Sakontzeki (sortu gabe)">Txantiloi:Sakontzeki</a> Gas idealen legeak <a href="/wiki/Gas_ideal" title="Gas ideal">gas idealek</a> <a href="/wiki/Presio" title="Presio">presio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolumen" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bolumen">bolumen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Tenperatura" title="Tenperatura">tenperaturaren</a> artean dituzten erlazioak azaltzen dituzten legeak dira. </p><p>Legeak argitzen duenez, aldagai osagarrien doitze bat eragingo du hasierako egoera betako (1) gas batean aldagai baten magnitude bat aldatzean berdintasuna mantentzeko amaiera egoeran (2). </p><p>Tenperatura konstante mantentzen bada (T<sub>1</sub>=T<sub>2</sub>), posible da berau ekuaziotik kentzea. Beraz berdintasuna presio eta bolumen arteko aldaketen bidez mantentzen da. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Boyle_air_pump.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Boyle_air_pump.jpg/220px-Boyle_air_pump.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Boyle_air_pump.jpg/330px-Boyle_air_pump.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Boyle_air_pump.jpg/440px-Boyle_air_pump.jpg 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="1116" /></a><figcaption>Boyleren lan-tresna</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gas_idealen_ekuazioa">Gas idealen ekuazioa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gas idealen ekuazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Gas idealen ekuazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Clapeyron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Émile Clapeyron (sortu gabe)">Émile Clapeyronek</a> azaldu zuen lehenengo aldiz, 1834ean. Aurretik <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Boyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edme_Mariotte" title="Edme Mariotte">Mariotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Charles" title="Jacques Charles">Charles</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph_Gay-Lussac" title="Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac">Gay-Lussacek</a> eginiko lanak bateratu ostean lortu zuen ekuazioa sortzea. Ekuazioa honako hau da: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P\cdot V=n\cdot R\cdot T\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P\cdot V=n\cdot R\cdot T\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e80791868633f94a82ce9efacdbbc46e594c6d8f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:16.851ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P\cdot V=n\cdot R\cdot T\,\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Ikurrak: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b3c0653913568d4c9335e7ce578b2a89041a2b7d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P\!}"></span> = <a href="/wiki/Presio" title="Presio">Presio</a> absolutua (<a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_(unitatea)" title="Atmosfera (unitatea)">atmosferatan</a> neurtua)</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b9f7b6cd0d21baecec78433c046429e603be7109" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V\!}"></span> = <a href="/wiki/Bolumen_(espazioa)" title="Bolumen (espazioa)">Bolumena</a> (<a href="/wiki/Litro" title="Litro">litrotan</a>)</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/766f836820041aaf3284d81c2b5f9d1c506f3cb2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.341ex; width:1.348ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\!}"></span> = <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gas</a> <a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">molak</a></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1d91a7cdaf18b7e9db06c3ef959015614820c0e7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.378ex; width:1.755ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R\!}"></span> = gas idealen konstante unibertsala (0'082)</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/931cff7af09ba413dbc1cecdc4a3fa818a4c20b4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T\!}"></span> = <a href="/wiki/Tenperatura" title="Tenperatura">Tenperatura</a> absolutua (<a href="/wiki/Kelvin_(unitatea)" title="Kelvin (unitatea)">Kelvinetan</a>)</li></ul> <p>Legeak argitzen duenez, aldagai osagarrien doitze bat eragingo du hasierako egoera betako (1) gas batean aldagai baten magnitude bat aldatzean berdintasuna mantentzeko amaiera egoeran (2). </p><p>Tenperatura konstante mantentzen bada (T<sub>1</sub>=T<sub>2</sub>), posible da berau ekuaziotik kentzea. Beraz berdintasuna presio eta bolumen arteko aldaketen bidez mantentzen da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daltonen_legea">Daltonen legea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Daltonen legea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Daltonen legea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Daltonen_legea" title="Daltonen legea">Daltonen legeak</a> gas nahasketa baten guztirako presioa gas bakoitzak bolumen osoa okupatuko balitz eragiten dituzten presioen batzea dela argitzen du. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{total}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}{p_{i}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{total}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}{p_{i}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/55b4c42ca7dbd79cf35493369ea51d8b5abfa467" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:13.879ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{total}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}{p_{i}}}"></span>       or      <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{total}=p_{1}+p_{2}+\cdots +p_{n}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{total}=p_{1}+p_{2}+\cdots +p_{n}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5c99105665c82dc0bead7c0d5006b771e76a6d78" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:26.247ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{total}=p_{1}+p_{2}+\cdots +p_{n}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Lege hau presio partzialen legea bezala ere ezagutzen da, gas batek X presioan batean duen presio partziala nahasketan dagoen gasen proportzioarekin zuzenki proportzionala baita. </p><p>Hau da, gas nahasketa batean osagai batek P presioan nahasketaren bolumenaren %20 betetzen badu, osagai horrek 0,2 Pko presio partzial bat du. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Henry_legea_(gasen_disoluzioa)"><span id="Henry_legea_.28gasen_disoluzioa.29"></span>Henry legea (gasen disoluzioa)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Henry legea (gasen disoluzioa)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Henry legea (gasen disoluzioa)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henry-ren legea: Disoluzio diluitu ideal batean, solutu baten lurrunaren presioa ematen digu. Disolbatzailearentzat Roult-en legea erabiltzen jarraitzen da: PA=xAP∗A </p><p>Gas bat likido batekin harremanetan ipintzean, gasaren molekulak (bere energia termodinamikoa -presio eta tenperatura- dela eta) gas-likido interfasean sartu, eta haren barnean banatzen dira. Egoera horri gasen disoluzioa esaten zaio, hau da, gas-likido disoluzio baten eraketa. Gas bat fase likidoan disolbaturik dagoenean, gasaren kontzentrazioari, (c) esaten zaio fase gaseosoan dagoenean eta presio partzialarentzako (p) erabiltzen den bitartean. Bada, Henry-ren legeak, bi adierazpen erlazionatzeko, Henryren konstantea erabiltzen du, horrela desio den presioa kalkulatzea ahalbidetuz. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Henry_legea.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Henry_legea.png" decoding="async" width="121" height="51" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="121" data-file-height="51" /></a><figcaption> <i><b>p</b></i> = soluzioaren presio partziala <i><b>c</b></i> = soluzioaren kontzentrazioa <b><i>k</i><sub>H</sub></b> = Henry legearen konstantea. </figcaption></figure> <p>Horretarako, disolbatzaile bat eta solutuak dituen disoluzio diluitu ideal bat dagoenean, solutuek gas fasean eragiten duen presioa kalkulatzen da. </p> <ul><li>Behin oreka lortuta:</li></ul> <p>μi,l(T,P)=μi,v(T,P) (1) </p> <ul><li>Potentzial kimikoak, bere baloreengatik ordezkatuz:</li></ul> <p>μ0i,l(T,P)+RTlnxi=μ0i,v(T)+RTlnPiP0 (2) </p> <ul><li>Terminoak elkartuz eta propietate logaritmiko nepertarrak erabiliz:</li></ul> <p>μ0i,l(T,P)−μ0i,v(T)RT=lnPixiP0 (3) </p> <ul><li>Bakanduz</li></ul> <p>P0eμ0i,l(T,P)−μ0i,v(T)RTKH=Pixi (4) </p> <ul><li>KH Henry-ren konstantea</li></ul> <p>Pi=KHxi (5) </p><p>Henry legeak argitzen duenez, tenperatura jakin batean eta saturazioa egoeran, likido batean disolbatzen den gas kopurua gasak likidoaren azalean eragiten duen presioarekiko zuzenki proportzionala da. </p><p>Henry legean izendatzen duen saturazio kontzeptuak gasaren presioren (gas egoeran) eta bere tentsioaren (likido egoeran) dagoen orekaz ari da. Presioa tentsioa baino handiago denean, azpisaturazio egoera esaten zaio; berdinak direnean, saturazio esaten zaio, eta presioa disolbaturiko gasaren tentsioa baino txikiagoa denean, supersaturazioa esaten zaio. Azpisaturazioan dagoen likido batek gas egoerako gasa disolbatuko du oreka (saturazio) iritsi arte. Supersaturazio egoeran, disolbaturiko gasa botako du oreka (saturazio) egoerara iritsi arte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grahamen_legea_(gasen_zabalkundea)"><span id="Grahamen_legea_.28gasen_zabalkundea.29"></span>Grahamen legea (gasen zabalkundea)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Grahamen legea (gasen zabalkundea)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Grahamen legea (gasen zabalkundea)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bi gasen arteko zabalkunde fenomenoa. Lege horrek gasak nahasteko abiadura argitzen du. Oinarrian, tenperatura eta presio egoera beretan, bi gasen arteko zabalkundea gasen masa molarren erro karratuarekiko alderantziz proportzionala dela dio. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {{\mbox{v}}_{1} \over {\mbox{v}}_{2}}={\sqrt {d_{2} \over d_{1}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>v</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>v</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {{\mbox{v}}_{1} \over {\mbox{v}}_{2}}={\sqrt {d_{2} \over d_{1}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b3cc594555eb8a479f33f9ce7c51c489d0078bae" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:11.639ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {{\mbox{v}}_{1} \over {\mbox{v}}_{2}}={\sqrt {d_{2} \over d_{1}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>non: </p> <dl><dd><i>v<sub>1</sub></i> = 1 gasaren zabalkunde abiadura</dd> <dd><i>v<sub>2</sub></i> = 2 gasaren zabalkunde abiadura</dd> <dd><i>d<sub>1</sub></i> = 1 gasaren dentsitatea</dd> <dd><i>d<sub>2</sub></i> = 2 gasaren dentsitatea</dd></dl> <p>Beste era batera esanda, tenperatura eta presio berean, molekula <i>arinak</i> dituen gas baten zabalkunde abiadura molekula <i>astunak</i> dituena baino handiago da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fick_legea_(gasen_zabalkundea)"><span id="Fick_legea_.28gasen_zabalkundea.29"></span>Fick legea (gasen zabalkundea)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Fick legea (gasen zabalkundea)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Fick legea (gasen zabalkundea)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gas batek zuntz bat (edo ehun kapa bat) zeharkatzeko duen transferentzia tasa azaltzen du. Hura, ageriko superfiziearekiko eta bere bi egoeren arteko ezberdintasunarekiko, proportzionala da, eta, zuntz/ehunaren lodierarekiko, alderantziz proportzionala da. Zabalkunde abiadura, gainera, zabalkunde konstantearekiko (parte hartzen duten ehun eta gas bakoitzerako bakarra), proportzionala da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gas_erreala">Gas erreala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gas erreala»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Gas erreala"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gas erreal bat, gas ideal baten aurrean, gas idealen legea erabiliz erabat azaldu ezin diren propietateak erakusten dituen gasa da. Gas errealen portaera ulertzeko, honako hau hartu behar da kontuan: </p> <ul><li>konprimagarritasun-efektuak</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bero-ahalmen" title="Bero-ahalmen">Bero-ahalmen</a> espezifiko aldakorra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waalsen_indar" title="Van der Waalsen indar">Van der Waalsen indarrak</a></li> <li>Orekarik ezaren efektu termodinamikoak</li> <li>Disoziazio molekularra eta konposizio aldakorreko oinarrizko erreakzioak dituzten gaiak.</li></ul> <p>Aplikazio gehienentzat, hain analisi zehatza ez da beharrezkoa, eta gasaren hurbilketa ideala arrazoizko zehaztasunez erabil daiteke. Bestalde, gas errealaren ereduak gasen kondentsazio-puntutik gertu erabili behar dira, puntu kritikoetatik gertu, presio oso altuetan, eta, beste kasu batzuetan, ez dira hain ohikoak. </p><p>Gehiago findu nahi bada edo portaera idealari ihes egiten dion gasen portaera neurtu nahi bada, gas errealen ekuazioetara jo beharko da, askotarikoak eta konplikatuagoak baitira zenbat eta zehatzagoak izan. </p><p>Gas errealak ez dira infinituki hedatzen, bolumen gehiago hartuko ez luketen unea iritsiko bailitzateke. Horren arrazoia da bere partikulen artean, atomoak zein gas nobleetan edo molekuletan (O2) (gas gehienetan bezala), nahiko indar txikiak ezartzen direla karga elektrostatikoen ausazko aldaketen ondorioz, <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waalsen_indar" title="Van der Waalsen indar">Van der Waalsen indarrak</a> deitutakoak. </p><p>Zenbat eta errazagoa izan bere formula kimikoa eta zenbat eta txikiagoa izan bere erreaktibotasuna (loturak sortzeko joera), orduan eta gehiago egiten du bat gasaren portaerak portaera idealarekin. Horrela, adibidez, gas nobleek, molekula monoatomikoak direnez eta erreaktibotasun oso txikia dutenez (batez ere helioak), idealetik nahiko hurbil dagoen portaera izango dute. Ondoren, gas diatomikoak etorriko dira, bereziki <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno" title="Hidrogeno">hidrogeno</a> arinena. Ez dira hain idealak izango triatomikoak, <a href="/wiki/Karbono_dioxido" title="Karbono dioxido">karbono dioxidoa</a> bezala; ur-lurrunaren kasua are okerragoa da; polarra denez, hidrogenozko zubiak ezartzeko joera dute molekulek, eta horrek idealtasuna are gehiago murrizten du. Gas organikoen barruan, portaera egokiena <a href="/wiki/Metano" title="Metano">metanoak</a> izango du, <a href="/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono">karbono</a>-katea koipeztatu ahala idealtasuna galduz. Horrela, <a href="/wiki/Butano" title="Butano">butanoa</a> idealtasunetik urrun samar egongo dela espero izatekoa da. Hau da, gasa osatzen duen partikula zenbat eta handiagoa izan, orduan eta probabilitate handiagoa elkarren artean talka egiteko eta elkarreragiteko, eta faktore horrek idealtasuna murrizten du. Gas horietako batzuk nahiko ondo hurbil daitezke ekuazio idealen bidez; beste kasu batzuetan, berriz, parametroen doikuntzatik <a href="/wiki/Enpirismo" title="Enpirismo">enpirikoki</a> askotan kendutako ekuazio errealetara jo beharko da. </p><p>Idealtasuna ere muturreko baldintzetan galtzen da, hala nola presio altuetan edo tenperatura baxuetan. Bestalde, idealtasunarekiko bat-etortzea areagotu egin daiteke presio baxuetan edo tenperatura altuetan lan egiten badugu. Baita egonkortasun kimikoagatik ere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portaera_eskala_mikroskopikoan">Portaera eskala mikroskopikoan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Portaera eskala mikroskopikoan»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Portaera eskala mikroskopikoan"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gas bat mikroskopio baten bidez behatu ahal izango balitz hura osatzen duten partikulak (<a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekulak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomoak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ioi" title="Ioi">ioiak</a>) ikusteko bezain indartsu batekin, modu aleatorioan edo gutxi-asko mugituz ikusiko genituzke. Gasa osatzen duten partikula horiek mugimenduaren norabidea soilik aldatzen dute beste partikula batekin edo edukiontziko hormen kontra talka egiten dutenean. Talka horiek guztiz elastikoak direla uste badugu, substantzia gas idealtzat har dezakegu. Partikulen portaera, maila mikroskopikoan, gasen teoria zinetikoak deskribatzen du. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gasen_teoria_zinetikoa">Gasen teoria zinetikoa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gasen teoria zinetikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Gasen teoria zinetikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Teoria_zinetiko" title="Teoria zinetiko">Teoria zinetiko</a>»</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Translational_motion.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Translational_motion.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="263" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption>Gasaren tenperatura atomoen mugimenduen neurketa baten adierazpena da: Mugimendu azkarragoa, presio handiagoa eta tenperatura altuagoa.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/220px-seek%3D71-Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="380" data-mwtitle="Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fitxategi:Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="3840" data-height="2160" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm/Materiaren_egoerak_eta_teoria_zinetiko_molekularra_Azalpena_3_DBH.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><b>Materiaren egoerak eta teoria zinetiko molekurra</b> ulertzeko bideoa.<hr /><span style="color: #777;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.jakindun.com/" rel="nofollow"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jakindun_logoa.png/33px-Jakindun_logoa.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jakindun_logoa.png/50px-Jakindun_logoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jakindun_logoa.png/66px-Jakindun_logoa.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Bideo hau Jakindun elkarteak egin du. Gehiago dituzu eskuragarri <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jakindun.com/">euren gunean</a>. Bideoak dituzten artikulu guztiak ikus ditzakezu <a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Jakindunen_bideoak_dituzten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Jakindunen bideoak dituzten artikuluak"><b>hemen</b></a>.</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Teoria zinetiko molekularrak gasen portaera eta propietateak adierazten ditu. Teoria zinetiko molekularra <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bernoulli" title="Daniel Bernoulli">Daniel Bernoulli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann" title="Ludwig Boltzmann">Ludwig Boltzmann</a> eta <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwellen</a> ikerketei esker garatu zen <a href="/wiki/XIX._mendea" title="XIX. mendea">XIX. mendearen</a> bigarren zatian. </p><p>Teoria zinetikoak gasen propietate makroskopikoei buruzko informazioa ematen du, konposizio molekularra eta mugimendua kontuan hartuta. Momentuaren eta energia zinetikoaren definizioekin hasita, momentuaren kontserbazioa eta kubo baten erlazio geometrikoak erabil daitezke tenperatura- eta presio-sistemaren propietate makroskopikoak molekula bidezko energia zinetikoaren propietate mikroskopikoarekin lotzeko. Teoriak, bi propietate hauentzako, batez besteko balioak ematen ditu. </p><p>Gasen teoria zinetikoak sistemak (gas-partikulen bilduma kontuan hartuta) nola erantzuten dien tenperatura-aldaketei azaltzen lagun dezake, dagokion energia zinetikoaren aldaketarekin. </p><p>Adibidez: imajina dezagun gas-partikula kopuru finko bat duen tamaina finkoko ontzi zigilatu bat dugula (bolumen konstantea); zero absolututik abiatuta (atomoek edo molekulek energia termikorik ez duten tenperatura teorikoa; hau da, ez dira mugitzen, eta ez dute bibratzen), sistemari energia gehitzen hasten gara ontzia berotuz barneko partikuletara energia transferitzeko. Bere barne energia zero puntuko energiaren gainetik dagoenean, hau da, bere energia zinetikoa (energia termikoa ere esaten zaio) zero ez denean, gas partikulak edukiontziaren inguruan mugitzen hasiko dira. Ontzia gehiago berotu ahala (energia gehiago gehitu ahala), partikulen batez besteko abiadura handitu egiten da sistemaren barne-energia osoa handitu ahala. Partikula guztien batez besteko abiadura handiagoa denez, talkak abiadura handiagoan gertatzen dira (hau da, talka gehiago denbora-unitateko) partikulen eta edukiontziaren artean, bai eta partikulen artean ere. </p><p>Maila makroskopikoan, presioaren kantitate neurgarria partikula eskopikoen mikro talka horien eta gainazalaren arteko zuzeneko emaitza da. Horren gainean, molekula indibidualek indar txiki bat eragiten dute, eta bakoitzak eremu espezifiko baten barruan aplikatutako guztizko indarrari laguntzen dio. </p><p>Halaber, makroskopikoki neur daitekeen tenperatura kantitatea, horrenbestez, partikulek erakusten duten mugimenduaren edo energia zinetikoaren guztizko kantitatearen kuantifikazioa da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higidura_browniarra">Higidura browniarra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Higidura browniarra»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Higidura browniarra"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Browndar_higidura" title="Browndar higidura">Browndar higidura</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Diffusion_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Diffusion_animation.gif/220px-Diffusion_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Diffusion_animation.gif/330px-Diffusion_animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Diffusion_animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption>Gas-partikulen ausazko higidurak gas baten hedapena eragiten du.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Browndar_higidura" title="Browndar higidura">Higidura browniarra</a> fluido batean esekitako partikulen ausazko mugimendua deskribatzeko erabiltzen den eredu matematikoa da. Gas-partikulen animazioak (partikula arrosak eta berdeak erabiliz) erakusten du portaera horrek gasen hedapena (entropia) eragiten duela. Gertakari horiek partikulen teoriaren bidez ere deskribatzen dira. </p><p>Banakako gas-partikulak (<a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomoak</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekulak</a>) behatzea egungo teknologiaren mugan (edo harantzago) dagoenez, kalkulu teorikoek bakarrik ematen dute horiek mugitzeko moduari buruzko iradokizuna, baina higidura browniarra ez bezalakoa da, higidura browniarrak arrastatze-indar leuna baitakar gas-molekula askoren marruskadura-indarraren ondorioz, gas-molekula batek (edo batzuek) partikularekin izandako talka bortitzen ondorioz puntuatua. Partikulak (normalean, milioika edo milaka milioi atomo ditu), horrela, ibilbide irregular batean mugitzen dira, baina ez gas molekula indibidual bat aztertuz gero espero litzatekeen bezain irregularra. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Molekula_arteko_indarrak">Molekula arteko indarrak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Molekula arteko indarrak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Molekula arteko indarrak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gas bat konprimatzean, molekulen arteko indarrek, hala nola irudiaren ur-molekulen arteko hidrogeno-loturek, paper aktiboagoa izaten hasten dira. </p><p>Partikulen arteko une bateko atrakzioek edo aldaratzeek eragina dute gasaren dinamikan. Kimika fisikoan, molekulen arteko indarren izena <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waalsen_indar" title="Van der Waalsen indar">Van der Waalsen indarra</a> da. Indar horiek zeregin bat dute gas baten propietate fisikoak zehazteko, hala nola likatasun edo fluxu bolumetrikoa. Indar horiek, baldintza jakin batzuetan, alde batera uzten baditugu, gas erreal bat gas ideal bat balitz bezala tratatu ahal izango dugu, eta, horrela, gas idealen legea erabili ahal izango dugu. Gasekiko erlazio horiek behar bezala erabiltzeko, <a href="/wiki/Teoria_zinetiko" title="Teoria zinetiko">teoria zinetikora</a> itzuli behar da. Gasaren partikulek karga magnetikoa edo molekulen arteko indarra dutenean, beste molekuletan duten eragina areagotu egiten da haien arteko espazioa murriztu ahala. Kargarik ez dagoenean, partikulen arteko espazioa puntu jakin batera behar adina murriztu denean, partikulen arteko talkak ezin dira saihestu tenperatura normal batean. </p><p>Gas baten partikulen arteko talka-kopurua handitzeko, beste bide bat litzateke gas-bolumen finko jakin bat berotzea, gainera, partikulen tenperatura handiagoa, beraz, talkak izateko probabilitate handiagoa. Horrek guztiak esan nahi du ekuazio ideal horiek arrazoizko emaitzak ematen dituztela presio edo tenperatura handiko kasuetan izan ezik (<a href="/wiki/Ionizazio" title="Ionizazio">ionizazioa</a>). Salbuespenezko baldintza horiek aukera ematen dute gasaren barruan energia transferitzeko, eta, hain zuzen ere, energiaren barne-transferentziarik ez egoteak ahalbidetzen du baldintza idealei buruz hitz egitea, energia-trukea sistemaren mugetan bakarrik gertatzen baita. </p><p>Gas errealek talka eta indar intermolekular horietako batzuk izaten dituzte, baina, estatistikoki gutxiesgarriak diren bitartean, ekuazio idealen emaitzak baliozkoak izaten jarraituko dute. Bestalde, gas baten partikulak elkarrengandik oso hurbil daudenez konprimatzen direnean, gasak likido baten antzekoago jokatzen du, eta energiaren barne-transferentziarik ezak baldintza idealei buruz hitz egitea ahalbidetzen digu, energia trukea sistemaren mugetan bakarrik gertatzen baita. Gas errealek talka eta molekula arteko indar horietako batzuk izaten dituzte, baina, estatistikoki gutxiesgarriak diren bitartean, ekuazio idealen emaitzak baliozkoak izaten jarraituko dute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gasen_portaera">Gasen portaera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gasen portaera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Gasen portaera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Materiaren partikulen portaera termikorako interes handikoak diren lau kantitate neurgarri daude: <a href="/wiki/Presio" title="Presio">presioa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolumena" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bolumena">bolumena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenperatura" title="Tenperatura">tenperatura</a> eta materialaren laginaren <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a> (edo are hobeto <a href="/wiki/Substantzia_kantitate" title="Substantzia kantitate">substantzia kantitatea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">moletan</a> neurtuta). </p><p>Edozein gas fluidotzat hartzen da jariakin gisa jokatzeko aukera ematen dioten propietateak dituelako. </p><p>Molekulek, etengabe mugitzen ari direla, elastikoki talka egiten dute beren artean eta gasa duen ontziaren hormen kontra, eta presio iraunkorra egiten dute haien aurka. Gasa berotzen bada, bero-energia hori molekulen <a href="/wiki/Energia_zinetiko" title="Energia zinetiko">energia zinetikoan</a> inbertitzen da; hau da, molekulak azkarrago mugitzen dira, eta, beraz, ontziaren hormen aurkako talka-kopurua handitu egiten da kopuruari eta energiari dagokionez. Ondorioz, gasaren presioa handitu egiten da, eta, ontziaren paretak zurrunak ez badira, gasaren bolumena handitu egiten da. </p><p>Gas batek kimikoki aktiboa izateko joera du bere gainazal molekularra ere handia delako; hau da, bere partikulak etengabeko mugimenduan daudenez bata bestearekin talka egiten, errazagoa egiten du substantzia baten eta bestearen arteko kontaktua, erreakzio abiadura handituz likidoekin edo solidoekin alderatuta. </p><p>Gas baten portaera hobeto ulertzeko, beti gas idealari buruzko azterketak egiten dira, gas ideala inoiz existitzen ez bada ere, eta hauek dira gas idealaren propietateak: </p> <ul><li>Substantzia gaseoso purua, hortaz, tamaina eta masa bereko molekulek osatzen dute. Substantzia gaseosoen nahasketa, beraz, tamaina eta masa desberdineko molekulek osatzen dute.</li> <li>Molekula batzuen eta besteen artean distantzia handia dagoenez eta abiadura handian mugitzen direnez, molekulen arteko erakarpen-indarrak gutxiesgarritzat jotzen dira.</li> <li>Gasaren molekulen tamaina oso txikia da; beraz, molekulek hartzen duten bolumena gutxiesgarria da ontziaren guztizko bolumenarekin alderatuta. Gas baten dentsitatea oso txikia da.</li> <li>Gas baten molekulak etengabe mugitzen dira abiadura handian, eta, beraz, <a href="/wiki/Elastikotasun_(fisika)" title="Elastikotasun (fisika)">elastikoki</a> talka egiten dute beren artean eta horiek edukitzen dituen ontziaren hormen kontra.</li></ul> <p>Gasen portaera azaltzeko, teoria berriek, propietate edo mugako propietate desberdinetako gasekin (<a href="/wiki/Uranio_hexafluoruro" title="Uranio hexafluoruro">UF<sub>6</sub></a> izenez ezagutzen den gasik astunena dena) esperimentatzeaz gain, estatistika zein <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantiko" title="Mekanika kuantiko">teoria kuantikoa</a> erabiltzen dituzte. </p><p>Gas batek ez du, ez formarik, ez bolumen finkorik ere; bere molekulen kohesio ia nulua eta energia zinetiko handia ditu ezaugarri, eta horiek mugitu egiten dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dentsitatea">Dentsitatea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Dentsitatea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Dentsitatea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tenperaturak eta presioak solidoengan eta likidoengan duten eragina oso txikia denez, likido edo solido baten <a href="/wiki/Konprimagarritasun" title="Konprimagarritasun">konprimagarritasuna</a> da: 10<sup>-6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Bar" title="Bar">bar</a><sup>-1</sup> (1 bar=0,1 MPa), eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dilatazio-koefizientea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dilatazio-koefizientea (sortu gabe)">dilatazio-koefiziente</a> termikoa da: 10<sup>-5</sup> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelvin">K</a><sup>-1</sup>. </p><p>Bestalde, presioak eta tenperaturak eragin handia dute gasen <a href="/wiki/Dentsitatea" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Dentsitatea">dentsitatean</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gas_idealen_legeak" title="Gas idealen legeak">Gas idealen legeak</a> matematikoki deskribatzen du hiru magnitude hauen arteko erlazioa: </p> <blockquote style="padding: 5px 10px;background-color: white; color:black; text-align:; margin-left:30px; margin-bottom:0.4em; margin-top:0.2em; min-width:50%;"> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {p\,M}{R\,T}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {p\,M}{R\,T}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2a22cd65f428595c1db914ca898ab9340959418f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:9.135ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {p\,M}{R\,T}}}"></span> </p> </blockquote> <p>non <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/293563891196765d2d51e0dd54e1ae1000ba9def" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.151ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R\,}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Gas_idealen_konstante" title="Gas idealen konstante">gas idealen konstantea</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e4fa5f88a712eb9b03398066a0577fdcf33e02c6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.646ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p\,}"></span> gasaren presioa, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aa66ea8156203e93f2dca12aca24538c2bdce761" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.829ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M\,}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Masa_molar" title="Masa molar">masa molarra</a> eta <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/476a8389064c06ab89963a2467aef525838da0cf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.023ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T\,}"></span> tenperatura absolutua den. </p><p>Horrek dakar 300 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelvin">K</a> (27 <a href="/wiki/Celsius_gradu" title="Celsius gradu">°C</a>) eta 1 <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_(unitatea)" title="Atmosfera (unitatea)">atm-ko</a> gas ideal batek bere dentsitatea bikoiztuko duela presioa 2 atm-ra igotzen bada tenperatura konstantea mantenduz edo, txandaka, tenperatura 150 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelvin">K</a>-ra jaisten bada presio konstantea mantenduz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gasaren_presioa">Gasaren presioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gasaren presioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Gasaren presioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_zinetikoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria zinetikoa (sortu gabe)">Teoria zinetikoaren</a> esparruan, gas baten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presioa (sortu gabe)">presioa</a> gasaren molekulek edukiontziaren paretekin talka egiten duten indarren emaitza makroskopiko gisa azaltzen da. Presioa, beraz, gasaren propietate mikroskopikoei erreferentzia eginez defini daiteke. </p><p>Izan ere, <i>N</i> molekuladun gas ideal batentzat (bakoitza <i>m</i> <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masaduna</a> eta <b>v<sub>rms</sub></b> batez besteko ausazko abiadura <i>V</i> bolumen kubiko bateko edukian), gasaren partikulek ontziaren paretekin talka egiten dute, modu estatistikoan kalkula daitekeen moduan talka bakoitzean paretekin trukatuz <a href="/wiki/Momentu_lineal" title="Momentu lineal">momentu lineal</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Area" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Area">area</a> unitateko <a href="/wiki/Indar" title="Indar">indar</a> garbi bat eginez; bada, hura da, gainazal solidoan, gasak eragindako presioa. </p><p>Presioa honela kalkula daiteke: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P={Nmv_{rms}^{2} \over 3V}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mi>m</mi> <msubsup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P={Nmv_{rms}^{2} \over 3V}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/191f3af482b4dc36cd18449d76405d4c20f5f064" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:14.099ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P={Nmv_{rms}^{2} \over 3V}}"></span> (gas ideala) </p><p>Emaitza hori interesgarria eta esanguratsua da, ez bakarrik gas baten presioa kalkulatzeko modu bat eskaintzen duelako, baizik eta aldagai makroskopiko behagarri bat, presioa, molekula bidezko batez besteko <a href="/wiki/Energia_zinetikoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Energia zinetikoa">energia zinetikoa</a>, <i>1/2 mv <sub>rms</sub>²</i>, zuzenean ikus ezin daitekeen magnitude mikroskopikoa delako. Kontuan izan ontziaren bolumenak eragindako presioaren emaitza jasotako gas-molekulen guztizko energia zinetikoaren bi heren dela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Topiko_bereziak">Topiko bereziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Topiko bereziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Topiko bereziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konprimatasuna">Konprimatasuna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Konprimatasuna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Konprimatasuna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Compressibility_Factor_of_Air_75-200_K.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Compressibility_Factor_of_Air_75-200_K.png/220px-Compressibility_Factor_of_Air_75-200_K.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Compressibility_Factor_of_Air_75-200_K.png/330px-Compressibility_Factor_of_Air_75-200_K.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Compressibility_Factor_of_Air_75-200_K.png/440px-Compressibility_Factor_of_Air_75-200_K.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption>Airearen konprimatasunaren faktoreak.</figcaption></figure> <p>Termodinamikan ("Z") faktorea gas idealaren ekuazioa aldatzeko erabiltzen da gas errealen konprimagarritasun-efektuak kontuan hartzeko. Faktore horrek bolumen espezifiko errealen eta idealen arteko erlazioa adierazten du. Batzuetan, <i>aldaketa-faktorea</i> edo diseinu-helburuetarako gas idealen legearen tarte erabilgarria zabaltzeko zuzenketa esaten zaio. <i>Normalean</i> <i>Z</i>-ren balio hori unitatetik oso gertu dago. Konprimagarritasun-faktorearen irudiak, tenperatura oso hotzetan, Z nola aldatzen den erakusten du. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reynolds_zenbakia">Reynolds zenbakia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Reynolds zenbakia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Reynolds zenbakia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Reynolds_zenbakia" title="Reynolds zenbakia">Reynolds zenbakia</a>»</div> <p>Fluidoen mekanikan, Reynolds zenbakia inertzia-indarren (<i>v<sub>s</sub>ρ</i>) eta indar likatsuen (<i>μ/L</i>) arteko erlazioa da. Zenbaki adimentsional garrantzitsuenetako bat da fluidoen dinamikan, eta, eskuarki, beste zenbaki adimentsional batzuekin batera, antzekotasun dinamikoa zehazteko irizpidea emateko erabiltzen da. Horrela, Reynolds zenbakiak modelaketaren emaitzen (diseinua) eta eskala handiko benetako baldintzen arteko lotura ematen du. Fluxua karakterizatzeko ere erabil daiteke<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Likatasuna">Likatasuna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Likatasuna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section's source code: Likatasuna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Vortex-street-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vortex-street-1.jpg/170px-Vortex-street-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vortex-street-1.jpg/255px-Vortex-street-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vortex-street-1.jpg/340px-Vortex-street-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2549" data-file-height="4574" /></a><figcaption>1999ko irailaren 15ean, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_uhartedia" title="Juan Fernández uhartedia">Juan Fernandez uharteditik</a> gertu zegoen klima-patroi baten ikuspegi satelitala; hodei zurrunbilotsuen eredu bat ikusten da, Von Karmanen zurrunbiloen kalea izenekoa.</figcaption></figure> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Biskositate" title="Biskositate">Biskositate</a>»</div> <p>Likatasun edo biskositatea fluido guztiak duten propietate fisiko bat da, eta hori fluido batean aurkitzen diren eta abiadura ezberdinetan mugitzen diren partikulen arteko kolisioetatik sortzen da, mugimenduari erresistentzia indar bat sortuz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_zinematikoaren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria zinematikoaren (sortu gabe)">teoria zinematikoaren</a> arabera. Fluido bat tubo baten barnealdetik pasarazten denean, fluido horren partikulak azkarrago mugitzen dira tuboaren ardatzetik gertu eta geldoago tuboaren paretetatik gertu direnak. Horregatik, ezinbestekoa da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indar_ebakitzaileak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indar ebakitzaileak (sortu gabe)">indar ebakitzaileak</a> existitzea marruskadura indarrak ezarritako erresistentzia indarrak gainditu eta fluidoa mugitu ahal izateko. Hori gertatuko ez balitz, ez litzateke mugimendurik existituko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turbulentzia">Turbulentzia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Turbulentzia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section's source code: Turbulentzia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Turbulentzia" title="Turbulentzia">Turbulentzia</a>»</div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fluidoen_dinamika" title="Fluidoen dinamika">Fluidoen dinamikan</a>, <b>turbulentzia</b> edo fluxu zurrunbilotsua fluxu-erregimen bat da, ezaugarri hauek dituena: une jakin bateko difusio txikia, konbekzio handia eta <a href="/wiki/Presio" title="Presio">presio-</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Abiadura" title="Abiadura">abiadura</a>-aldaketa espazial azkarrak. Zurrunbilotsuak ez diren fluxuei, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluxu_laminar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluxu laminar (sortu gabe)">fluxu laminar</a> deitzen zaie. Fluxu bat laminarra edo zurrunbilotsua izan daiteke <a href="/wiki/Reynolds_zenbakia" title="Reynolds zenbakia">Reynolds zenbakiaren</a> magnitude-ordena begiratuz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muga-geruza">Muga-geruza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Muga-geruza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section's source code: Muga-geruza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Partikulak bere baitan mugitzen den objektu baten gainazalean itsasten dira. Partikula-geruza horri muga-geruza deitzen zaio. Objektuaren gainazalean, funtsean, estatikoa da gainazalaren marruskaduraren ondorioz. Objektua, bere muga-geruzarekin, objektuaren forma berria da, objektua hurbildu ahala gainerako molekulek <i>ikusten</i> dutena. Muga-geruza hori azaleratik bereiz daiteke funtsean azalera berri bat sortuz eta fluxuaren ibilbidea erabat aldatuz. Horren adibide klasikoa galeran sartzen den profil hegoarra da. Delta hegalaren irudiak argi eta garbi erakusten du muga-geruzaren lodiera, gasak eraso-ertzean zehar eskuinetik ezkerrera egiten duen heinean<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entropia_maximoaren_printzipioa">Entropia maximoaren printzipioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Entropia maximoaren printzipioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section's source code: Entropia maximoaren printzipioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Askatasun graduen kopuru osoa infinitura hurbiltzen den heinean, sistema aniztasun handienari dagokion makroegoeran aurkituko da. Printzipio hori irudikatzeko, begiratu metalezko barra izoztu baten gainazaleko tenperatura. Gainazaleko tenperaturaren irudi termikoa erabiliz, behatu gainazaleko tenperaturaren banaketa. Tenperaturaren hasierako behaketa horrek <i><a href="/wiki/Mikroegoera" title="Mikroegoera">mikroegoera</a></i> adierazten du. Etorkizuneko uneren batean, gainazaleko tenperaturaren bigarren behaketa batek bigarren mikroegoera sortzen du. Behaketa-prozesu horrekin jarraitzean, litekeena da barraren gainazalaren historia termikoa ilustratzen duten mikroegoera batzuk sortzea. Mikroegoeren serie historiko horren karakterizazioa posible da guztiak multzo bakar batean arrakastaz sailkatzen dituen makroegoera aukeratuz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oreka_termodinamikoa">Oreka termodinamikoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Oreka termodinamikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section's source code: Oreka termodinamikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sistema baten energia-transferentzia amaitzen denean, egoera horri, oreka termodinamikoa esaten zaio. Oro har, baldintza horrek esan nahi du sistema eta inguruak tenperatura berean daudela, eta, beraz, beroa ez da jada haien artean transferitzen. Era berean, kanpoko indarrak orekatuta daudela (bolumena ez da aldatzen) eta sistemaren barruko erreakzio kimiko guztiak osatuta daudela esan nahi du. Sistemaren arabera, kronograma aldatu egiten da gertaera horietarako. Giro-tenperaturan urtzen den <a href="/wiki/Izotz" title="Izotz">izotz</a> edukiontzi batek orduak eramango ditu; erdieroaleetan, berriz, gailua piztuta egotetik itzalita egotera doan trantsizioan gertatzen den bero-transferentzia <a href="/wiki/Nanosegundo" title="Nanosegundo">nanosegundo</a> gutxi batzuen ordenakoa izan liteke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Likido" title="Likido">Likido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">Solido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurrunkortasun" title="Lurrunkortasun">Lurrunkortasun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_noble" title="Gas noble">Gas noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_(fisika)" title="Plasma (fisika)">Plasma (fisika)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Euskaltzaindiaren hiztegia: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/index.php?option=com_hiztegianbilatu&task=bilaketa&Itemid=1693&lang=eu&nondik=0&zenbat=100&entryId=19065&query=gas"><i>Gas</i></a>, Euskaltzaindia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fisicamoderna.weebly.com/enlaces-moleculares.html">«Enlaces Moleculares»</a> <i>FÍSICA MODERNA</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAlejandrinaMaríaJoséÁngel2013-12-04">Alejandrina, GALLEGO PICÓ; María, GARCINUÑO MARTÍNEZ Rosa; José, MORCILLO ORTEGA Mª; Ángel, VÁZQUEZ SEGURA Miguel.  (2013-12-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=4I9GAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA263&dq=gas+estado+agregaci%C3%B3n&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjleDzkZXSAhUF7xQKHSaVDlAQ6AEIWjAJ#v=onepage&q=gas%20estado%20agregaci%C3%B3n&f=false"><i>QUÍMICA BÁSICA. </i></a> UNED <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-84-362-6784-6" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-84-362-6784-6">978-84-362-6784-6</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fisicalab.com/apartado/fuerza-gravitatoria#contenidos">«Fuerza Gravitatoria»</a> <i>www.fisicalab.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecured.cu/Estado_Gaseoso">«Estado Gaseoso - EcuRed»</a> <i>www.ecured.cu</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGiancoli2005">Giancoli, Douglas C..  (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=1KuuQxORd4QC&pg=PA362&dq=temperatura++%E2%80%93183+%C2%B0C&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwir0tu1k5XSAhUFORQKHQllAkgQ6AEIIjAB#v=onepage&q=temperatura%20%20%E2%80%93183%20%C2%B0C&f=false"><i>Physics: Principles with Applications. </i></a> Pearson Educación <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-970-26-0695-6" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-970-26-0695-6">978-970-26-0695-6</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-04-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Anderson, 501. or.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">John, James (1984). Gas Dynamics. Allyn and Bacon. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780205080144" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-205-08014-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-2"><sup><b>c</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">John, James (1984). Gas Dynamics. Allyn and Bacon. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780205080144" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-205-08014-4</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=44" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236165">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11432" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q11432">Q11432</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gases">Gases</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q11432%22">Q11432</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11936389b">11936389b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11936389b">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4019320-2">4019320-2</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85053380">sh85053380</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00566025">00566025</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph158541">ph158541</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10637828">10637828</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/gas-state-of-matter">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D005740">D005740</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy (sortu gabe)">FMA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma85816">85816</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11432" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q11432">Q11432</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gases">Gases</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q11432%22">Q11432</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See \u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetak\u003E.");});</script><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gas&oldid=9265618">https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gas&oldid=9265618</a>"(e)tik eskuratuta</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Kategoriak" title="Berezi:Kategoriak">Kategoriak</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Jakindunen_bideoak_dituzten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Jakindunen bideoak dituzten artikuluak">Jakindunen bideoak dituzten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Materiaren_egoerak" title="Kategoria:Materiaren egoerak">Materiaren egoerak</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ezkutuko kategoriak: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:ISBN_lotura_magikoak_dituzten_orrialdeak" title="Kategoria:ISBN lotura magikoak dituzten orrialdeak">ISBN lotura magikoak dituzten orrialdeak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia_guztiek_izan_beharreko_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluak">Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Hezkuntza_Programako_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Hezkuntza Programako artikuluak">Hezkuntza Programako artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Hezkuntza_Programa/Fisika_eta_Kimika" title="Kategoria:Hezkuntza Programa/Fisika eta Kimika">Hezkuntza Programa/Fisika eta Kimika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNF_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:BNF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:BNF identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:GND_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:GND identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:GND identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:LCCN_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:LCCN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:LCCN identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Orriaren azken aldaketa: 18 apirila 2023, 17:02.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Testua <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eu">Creative Commons Aitortu-PartekatuBerdin 4.0 lizentziari</a> jarraituz erabil daiteke; baliteke beste klausularen batzuk ere aplikatu behar izatea. Xehetasunen berri izateko, ikus <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">erabilera-baldintzak</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Pribazitate politika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Wikipediari_buruz">Wikipediari buruz</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Erantzukizunen_mugaketa_orokorra">Lege oharra</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Garatzaileak</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/eu.wikipedia.org">Estatistikak</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie adierazpena</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//eu.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gas&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mugikorreko bista</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-749c85c58b-kchzb","wgBackendResponseTime":235,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.393","walltime":"0.882","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4171,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":28373,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6611,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":12586,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":11,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 415.250 1 -total"," 67.93% 282.083 1 Txantiloi:Autoritate_kontrola"," 12.34% 51.250 2 Txantiloi:Top_icon"," 11.58% 48.067 1 Txantiloi:Wikipedia1000"," 10.87% 45.150 1 Txantiloi:Erreferentzia_zerrenda"," 9.60% 39.865 2 Txantiloi:Category_handler"," 7.87% 32.678 5 Txantiloi:Erreferentzia"," 6.91% 28.694 10 Txantiloi:Erreferentzia/oinarria"," 6.89% 28.628 2 Txantiloi:Category_handler/numbered"," 6.34% 26.313 2 Txantiloi:Namespace_detect"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.179","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3823045,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7c479b968-m447x","timestamp":"20241117024901","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Gas","url":"https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gas","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11432","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11432","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-06-11T11:47:52Z","dateModified":"2023-04-18T16:02:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/21\/Gas_particle_movement.svg","headline":"materiaren egoera"}</script> </body> </html>