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Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="دايفيد غروس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دايفيد غروس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="دیوید گراس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دیوید گراس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8" title="ডেভিড জোনাথন গ্রোস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডেভিড জোনাথন গ্রোস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Дэвід Джонатан Грос – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэвід Джонатан Грос" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Дэйвід Грос – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дэйвід Грос" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Дейвид Грос – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дейвид Грос" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jonathan_Gross" title="David Jonathan Gross – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="David Jonathan Gross" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_J._Gross" title="David J. Gross – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="David J. Gross" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ντέιβιντ Γκρος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντέιβιντ Γκρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="دیوید گراس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیوید گراس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_J._Gross" title="David J. Gross – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="David J. Gross" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jonathan_Gross" title="David Jonathan Gross – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="David Jonathan Gross" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="데이비드 그로스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="데이비드 그로스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A4_%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Դեյվիդ Գրոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեյվիդ Գրոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8" title="डेविड ग्रॉस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डेविड ग्रॉस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jonathan_Gross" title="David Jonathan Gross – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="David Jonathan Gross" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jonathan_Gross" title="David Jonathan Gross – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="David Jonathan Gross" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross_(fisikawan)" title="David Gross (fisikawan) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="David Gross (fisikawan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1" title="דייוויד גרוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דייוויד גרוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_J._Gross" title="David J. Gross – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="David J. Gross" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jonathan_Gross" title="David Jonathan Gross – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="David Jonathan Gross" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Дејвид Грос – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дејвид Грос" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_J._Gross" title="David J. Gross – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="David J. Gross" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8" title="डेव्हिड ग्रॉस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डेव्हिड ग्रॉस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="دايفيد جروس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دايفيد جروس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="دیوید گراس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دیوید گراس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="डभिड जे ग्रस – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="डभिड जे ग्रस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A4%E3%83%93%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9" title="デイビッド・グロス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デイビッド・グロス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B8" title="ਡੇਵਿਡ ਗਰੌਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡੇਵਿਡ ਗਰੌਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ڈیوڈ گراس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈیوڈ گراس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jonathan_Gross" title="David Jonathan Gross – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="David Jonathan Gross" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jonathan_Gross" title="David Jonathan Gross – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="David Jonathan Gross" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81,_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Гросс, Дейвид – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гросс, Дейвид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jonathan_Gross" title="David Jonathan Gross – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="David Jonathan Gross" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jonathan_Gross" title="David Jonathan Gross – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="David Jonathan Gross" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Дејвид Грос – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дејвид Грос" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_J._Gross" title="David J. Gross – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="David J. Gross" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="டேவிட் கிராஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டேவிட் கிராஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81" title="Девид Гросс – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Девид Гросс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81" title="Девід Гросс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Девід Гросс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88_%D8%AC%DB%92_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ڈیوڈ جے گروس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈیوڈ جے گروس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%A8%84%E6%96%AF" title="戴维·格娄斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="戴维·格娄斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="David Gross" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9E%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="大衞·格羅斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大衞·格羅斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%A8%84%E6%96%AF" title="戴维·格娄斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="戴维·格娄斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40262#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline-block">David Gross</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Gross_LANL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/David_Gross_LANL.jpg/220px-David_Gross_LANL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/David_Gross_LANL.jpg/330px-David_Gross_LANL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/David_Gross_LANL.jpg/440px-David_Gross_LANL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="1965" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Gross in October 2007</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">David Jonathan Gross</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1941-02-19</span>) </span>February 19, 1941<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 83)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BSc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MSc</a>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asymptotic_freedom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asymptotic freedom (not yet started)">Asymptotic freedom</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterotic_string&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heterotic string (not yet started)">Heterotic string</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gross%E2%80%93Neveu_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gross–Neveu model (not yet started)">Gross–Neveu model</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Shulamith Toaff Gross (divorced; 2 children)<br />Jacquelyn Savani</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dirac_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dirac Medal (not yet started)">Dirac Medal</a> (1988)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvey_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvey Prize (not yet started)">Harvey Prize</a> (2000)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> (2004)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quantum_field_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quantum field theory (not yet started)">Quantum field theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/String_theory" title="String theory">string theory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chew" title="Geoffrey Chew">Geoffrey Chew</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natan_Andrei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natan Andrei (not yet started)">Natan Andrei</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Frank Wilczek</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Witten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Witten (not yet started)">Edward Witten</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_E._Caswell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William E. Caswell (not yet started)">William E. Caswell</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_D%27Hoker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric D'Hoker (not yet started)">Eric D'Hoker</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajesh_Gopakumar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajesh Gopakumar (not yet started)">Rajesh Gopakumar</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikita_Nekrasov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikita Nekrasov (not yet started)">Nikita Nekrasov</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Gross_Clean_Autograph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/David_Gross_Clean_Autograph.svg/150px-David_Gross_Clean_Autograph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/David_Gross_Clean_Autograph.svg/225px-David_Gross_Clean_Autograph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/David_Gross_Clean_Autograph.svg/300px-David_Gross_Clean_Autograph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="147" data-file-height="113" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <b>David Jonathan Gross</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>; born February 19, 1941) is an <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">theoretical physicist</a> and <a href="/wiki/String_theory" title="String theory">string theorist</a>. He won the 2004 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> for his discovery of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asymptotic_freedom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asymptotic freedom (not yet started)">asymptotic freedom</a>. Gross is the Chancellor's Chair Professor of Theoretical Physics at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kavli_Institute_for_Theoretical_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (not yet started)">Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a> (UCSB).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is a foreign member of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Gross&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Gross&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kavlifoundation.org/theoretical-physics-david-gross">"In Depth: David Gross | The Kavli Foundation"</a>. <i>www.kavlifoundation.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kavlifoundation.org&rft.atitle=In+Depth%3A+David+Gross+%7C+The+Kavli+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kavlifoundation.org%2Ftheoretical-physics-david-gross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Gross" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since March 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200222070117/http://english.casad.cas.cn/mem/fm/">"Foreign Members---Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"</a>. <i>english.casad.cas.cn</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.casad.cas.cn/mem/fm/">the original</a> on 2020-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Physics"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Physics (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winners_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Winners of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a> (1901) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a> (1902) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a> (1903) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a> (1904) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a> (1905) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">Thomson</a> (1906) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Michelson</a> (1907) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a> (1908) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ferdinand_Braun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun (not yet started)">Braun</a> (1909) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van der Waals</a> (1910) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Wien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Wien (not yet started)">Wien</a> (1911) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustaf Dalén (not yet started)">Dalén</a> (1912) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (not yet started)">Kamerlingh Onnes</a> (1913) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_von_Laue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max von Laue (not yet started)">Laue</a> (1914) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" class="mw-redirect" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a> (1915) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Glover_Barkla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Glover Barkla (not yet started)">Barkla</a> (1917) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a> (1918) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Stark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Stark (not yet started)">Stark</a> (1919) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume (not yet started)">Guillaume</a> (1920) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> (1921) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a> (1922) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a> (1923) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manne_Siegbahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manne Siegbahn (not yet started)">M. Siegbahn</a> (1924) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Franck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Franck (not yet started)">Franck</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz (not yet started)">Hertz</a> (1925)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Baptiste_Perrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin (not yet started)">Perrin</a> (1926) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Compton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Compton (not yet started)">Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. Wilson</a> (1927) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Owen_Willans_Richardson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owen Willans Richardson (not yet started)">O. Richardson</a> (1928) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">De Broglie</a> (1929) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a> (1930) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a> (1932) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a> (1933) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a> (1935) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Francis_Hess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Francis Hess (not yet started)">Hess</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_David_Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl David Anderson (not yet started)">C. D. Anderson</a> (1936) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clinton_Davisson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clinton Davisson (not yet started)">Davisson</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Paget_Thomson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Paget Thomson (not yet started)">Thomson</a> (1937) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a> (1938) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a> (1939) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a> (1943) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isidor_Isaac_Rabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi (not yet started)">Rabi</a> (1944) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a> (1945) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Williams_Bridgman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Percy Williams Bridgman (not yet started)">Bridgman</a> (1946) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Victor_Appleton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Victor Appleton (not yet started)">Appleton</a> (1947) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Blackett,_Baron_Blackett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett (not yet started)">Blackett</a> (1948) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hideki_Yukawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hideki Yukawa (not yet started)">Yukawa</a> (1949) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecil_Frank_Powell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecil Frank Powell (not yet started)">Powell</a> (1950)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cockcroft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Cockcroft (not yet started)">Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Walton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Walton (not yet started)">Walton</a> (1951) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Mills_Purcell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Mills Purcell (not yet started)">Purcell</a> (1952) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frits_Zernike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frits Zernike (not yet started)">Zernike</a> (1953) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walther_Bothe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walther Bothe (not yet started)">Bothe</a> (1954) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willis_Lamb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willis Lamb (not yet started)">Lamb</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polykarp_Kusch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polykarp Kusch (not yet started)">Kusch</a> (1955) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Houser_Brattain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Houser Brattain (not yet started)">Brattain</a> (1956) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T. D. Lee</a> (1957) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov" title="Pavel Cherenkov">Cherenkov</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Frank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilya Frank (not yet started)">Frank</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Igor_Tamm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Igor Tamm (not yet started)">Tamm</a> (1958) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emilio G. Segrè (not yet started)">Segrè</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Owen_Chamberlain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owen Chamberlain (not yet started)">Chamberlain</a> (1959) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Glaser</a> (1960) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a> (1961) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a> (1962) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">Jensen</a> (1963) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Townes</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolay_Basov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolay Basov (not yet started)">Basov</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Prokhorov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Prokhorov (not yet started)">Prokhorov</a> (1964) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sin-Itiro_Tomonaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-Itiro Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a> (1965) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a> (1966) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a> (1967) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a> (1968) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a> (1969) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_N%C3%A9el&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Néel (not yet started)">Néel</a> (1970) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a> (1971) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a> (1972) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson">Josephson</a> (1973) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a> (1974) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" class="mw-redirect" title="Aage Bohr">A. Bohr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a> (1975)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Ting</a> (1976) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a> (1977) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R. Wilson</a> (1978) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow" title="Sheldon Glashow">Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a> (1979) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a> (1980) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K. Siegbahn</a> (1981) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">K. Wilson</a> (1982) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a> (1983) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">van der Meer</a> (1984) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a> (1985) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a> (1986) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Müller</a> (1987) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Lederman" title="Leon Lederman">Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a> (1988) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.">Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a> (1989) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" title="Richard E. Taylor">R. Taylor</a> (1990) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a> (1991) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a> (1992) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.">J. Taylor</a> (1993) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a> (1994) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a> (1995) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(physicist)" title="David Lee (physicist)">D. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_D._Osheroff" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas D. Osheroff">Osheroff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. Richardson</a> (1996) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a> (1997) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui" title="Daniel C. Tsui">Tsui</a> (1998) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a> (1999) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Alferov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a> (2000)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a> (2001) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Davis, Jr.">Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a> (2002) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Alexeyevich_Abrikosov" title="Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov">Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a> (2003) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a> (2004) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber" title="Roy J. Glauber">Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" title="John L. Hall">Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Hänsch</a> (2005) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" class="mw-redirect" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a> (2006) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a> (2007) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicist)" title="Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)">Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Maskawa</a> (2008) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a> (2009) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a> (2010) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a> (2011) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">Wineland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a> (2012) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a> (2013) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a> (2014) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">McDonald</a> (2015) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a> (2016) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a> (2017) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a> (2018) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a> (2019) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_M._Ghez" title="Andrea M. Ghez">Ghez</a> (2020) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a> / <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a> (2021) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a> (2022) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">L'Huillier</a> (2023) <b>·</b> </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a> (2024)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;'''"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_winners" title="Category:Nobel Prize in Physics winners">Category:Nobel Prize in Physics winners</a> <b>·</b>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Commons-logo-en.svg/16px-Commons-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Commons-logo-en.svg/24px-Commons-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Commons-logo-en.svg/32px-Commons-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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