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<span>Use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Manufacture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Soft boot worn by Arctic peoples</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs attention from an expert in Arctic</b>. The specific problem is: <b>English online sources generally poor.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Arctic" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Arctic">WikiProject Arctic</a> may be able to help recruit an expert.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inuit-Stiefel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Inuit-Stiefel.jpg/370px-Inuit-Stiefel.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Inuit-Stiefel.jpg/555px-Inuit-Stiefel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Inuit-Stiefel.jpg/740px-Inuit-Stiefel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3232" data-file-height="2172" /></a><figcaption>Two pair of sealskin kamiit. Left, winter kamik, right, summer kamik.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mukluks</b><sup id="cite_ref-canadiana_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canadiana-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>kamik</b> (<a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuktitut language">Inuktitut</a>: <span lang="iu">ᑲᒥᒃ</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="iu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">[kaˈmik]</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-livedict_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-livedict-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) (singular: <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu">ᑲᒪᒃ</span></span> <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">kamak</i></span>, plural: <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu">ᑲᒦᑦ</span></span> <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu-Latn">kamiit</i></span>) are soft boots, traditionally made of <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a> (caribou) skin or <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">sealskin</a>, and worn by <a href="/wiki/Circumpolar_peoples" title="Circumpolar peoples">Indigenous Arctic peoples</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a>, <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiat" title="Iñupiat">Iñupiat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yup%27ik" title="Yup'ik">Yup'ik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mukluks may be worn over an inner boot liner and under a protective overshoe.<sup id="cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tyman_winter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-first_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>mukluk</i> is often used for any soft boot designed for cold weather, and modern designs may use both traditional and modern materials.<sup id="cite_ref-canenc_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canenc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>mukluk</i> is of <a href="/wiki/Yupik_languages" title="Yupik languages">Yup'ik</a> origin, from <span title="Inupiaq-language text"><i lang="ik">maklak</i></span>, the <a href="/wiki/Bearded_seal" title="Bearded seal">bearded seal</a>, while <i>kamik</i> is an Inuit word. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inuit_footwear,_Iglulik,_1987_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00395.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Inuit_footwear%2C_Iglulik%2C_1987_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00395.JPG/220px-Inuit_footwear%2C_Iglulik%2C_1987_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00395.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Inuit_footwear%2C_Iglulik%2C_1987_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00395.JPG/330px-Inuit_footwear%2C_Iglulik%2C_1987_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00395.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Inuit_footwear%2C_Iglulik%2C_1987_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00395.JPG/440px-Inuit_footwear%2C_Iglulik%2C_1987_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00395.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Three-layer winter footwear system. Left to right, short inner slipper, inner (fur inwards), outer (fur outwards).</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_boots">Related boots</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukluk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Related boots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soft-soled boots, of similar materials (mostly sealskin and caribou-skin) and designs, but with local variations, are traditionally worn in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subarctic" title="Subarctic">subarctic</a> areas. These include the North American Arctic, including <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, the European Arctic, including <a href="/wiki/Fennoscandia" title="Fennoscandia">Fennoscandia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. </p><p>Another type of boot, sometimes called an <b>Inuit boot</b>, originating in <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> and the eastern part of <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, is made by binding it with animal sinew, and has a centre seam running down to the foot of the boot.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Another type has a soft leather sole, but the upper is knitted out of wool or a wool-rayon blend. Often called "slipper socks", these are traditionally worn by the people of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> mountains. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukluk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snowshoes_(6000454673).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Snowshoes_%286000454673%29.jpg/220px-Snowshoes_%286000454673%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Snowshoes_%286000454673%29.jpg/330px-Snowshoes_%286000454673%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Snowshoes_%286000454673%29.jpg/440px-Snowshoes_%286000454673%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Use with <a href="/wiki/Snowshoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowshoes">snowshoes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As mukluks are soft-soled, and flex <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion#Hands_and_feet" title="Anatomical terms of motion">with the feet</a>, they allow hunters to move very quietly. A wearer can run, tip-toe, and even dance in mukluks. They are also designed for use in the tundra.<sup id="cite_ref-canenc_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canenc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mukluks weigh little. While, for instance, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marines_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Marines Corps">United States Marines</a> extreme-cold-weather boots weigh 3.6 kg (8 lb), soft-soled boots made using modern materials weigh less than a tenth of that.<sup id="cite_ref-mec_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mec-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lighter shoes also allow for more efficient running.<sup id="cite_ref-run-rel_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-run-rel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-econ_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Care">Care</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukluk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CAasivak_Evic%E2%80%9D_hangs_kamiits_(sealskin_boots)_to_dry,_Pangnirtuuq_(Pangnirtung),_Nunavut_(30726111653).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CAasivak_Evic%E2%80%9D_hangs_kamiits_%28sealskin_boots%29_to_dry%2C_Pangnirtuuq_%28Pangnirtung%29%2C_Nunavut_%2830726111653%29.jpg/220px-Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CAasivak_Evic%E2%80%9D_hangs_kamiits_%28sealskin_boots%29_to_dry%2C_Pangnirtuuq_%28Pangnirtung%29%2C_Nunavut_%2830726111653%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CAasivak_Evic%E2%80%9D_hangs_kamiits_%28sealskin_boots%29_to_dry%2C_Pangnirtuuq_%28Pangnirtung%29%2C_Nunavut_%2830726111653%29.jpg/330px-Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CAasivak_Evic%E2%80%9D_hangs_kamiits_%28sealskin_boots%29_to_dry%2C_Pangnirtuuq_%28Pangnirtung%29%2C_Nunavut_%2830726111653%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CAasivak_Evic%E2%80%9D_hangs_kamiits_%28sealskin_boots%29_to_dry%2C_Pangnirtuuq_%28Pangnirtung%29%2C_Nunavut_%2830726111653%29.jpg/440px-Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CAasivak_Evic%E2%80%9D_hangs_kamiits_%28sealskin_boots%29_to_dry%2C_Pangnirtuuq_%28Pangnirtung%29%2C_Nunavut_%2830726111653%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption>Drying summer kaamit, <a href="/wiki/Pangnirtung" title="Pangnirtung">Pangnirtung</a>, Northwest Territories, 1951</figcaption></figure> <p>Fur garments, including kamiks, are in the modern day stored in an unheated annexe. In a home with <a href="/wiki/Forced-air" title="Forced-air">forced-air</a> heating, the interior air is warm and <a href="/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity" title="Humidity">very dry</a>. The warmth and dryness would cause the furs to deteriorate quickly. On sunny days they are <a href="/wiki/Airing" title="Airing">aired</a> outside, especially in spring. After a season's storage, traditional skin kamiks tend to stiffen and need to be worked and stretched to make them pliable again.<sup id="cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tyman_winter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allowing traditional boots to dry between uses hinders rot, letting the boots last longer. Multiple pairs can be worn in rotation to allow them more time to dry.<sup id="cite_ref-Issen&Rankin_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Issen&Rankin-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 79">: 79 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukluk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because mukluks weigh little, there is no need for heavy lacing; <a href="/wiki/Friction" title="Friction">friction</a> is enough to hold them on the foot. Some mukluks are very lightly laced (through external loops sewn into the seams, so as not to leak). They may be laced over the arch of the foot, or around the top of the boot to stiffen it. Many, however, are designed without lacing, to avoid constricting the <a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">circulation</a> and making the foot cold. The top of the boot stands up somewhat stiffly, and may be open at the top, which allows moisture to escape. </p><p>Mukluks are often made with a wrapped sole, so that the seam around the sole is on the top and sides of the boot, not on the bottom edge. This helps avoid leaks, and wear and tear on the seams. </p><p>Kamiks made for cold, dry winter weather may have fur low down on the outside, and other features that would be a problem when not on dry, powdery snow. Kamiks for warm, slushy, muddy, or open-ocean conditions are finely stitched from waterproof sealskin (see illustration above).<sup id="cite_ref-tyman_summer_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tyman_summer-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The short overshoes may also be made waterproof for wet conditions,<sup id="cite_ref-tyman_summer_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tyman_summer-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or furry with more grip for dry terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-first_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inner boots are often made with the fur facing inwards. They are worn without socks, because socks absorb and hold sweat.<sup id="cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tyman_winter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mukluks may be adorned with <a href="/wiki/Pom-pom" title="Pom-pom">pom-poms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bead" title="Bead">beads</a>, embroidery, and other techniques. </p><p>The design of the mukluk is used for the industrial manufacture of some other cold-weather boots, especially paired with a rugged contemporary sole. The key component of the overall success of the mukluk design is its ability to breathe, that is, to allow air exchange. This is an advantage in extremely cold conditions where perspiration may become a factor in frostbite on one's feet. Their bulkiness, paired with their poor performance in slush (they keep snow out, but water quickly soaks through<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="applies to winter kaamit, but it's possible to seal the seams (January 2022)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Mukluk#Dubious" title="Talk:Mukluk">discuss</a></i>]</sup>), makes them less ideal for the casual winter wearer.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacture">Manufacture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukluk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Manufacture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 349.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 347.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teriglu%27s_three_sealskins_(37111).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drying sealskins, near Barter Island, Alaska, June 1914"><img alt="Drying sealskins, near Barter Island, Alaska, June 1914" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Teriglu%27s_three_sealskins_%2837111%29.jpg/521px-Teriglu%27s_three_sealskins_%2837111%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="348" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Teriglu%27s_three_sealskins_%2837111%29.jpg/781px-Teriglu%27s_three_sealskins_%2837111%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Teriglu%27s_three_sealskins_%2837111%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Drying sealskins, near <a href="/wiki/Barter_Island" title="Barter Island">Barter Island</a>, Alaska, June 1914</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 306.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 304.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenland_1999_(33).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greenland, 1999"><img alt="Greenland, 1999" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Greenland_1999_%2833%29.jpg/457px-Greenland_1999_%2833%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Greenland_1999_%2833%29.jpg/685px-Greenland_1999_%2833%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Greenland_1999_%2833%29.jpg/913px-Greenland_1999_%2833%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2358" data-file-height="1550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Greenland, 1999</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 194px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 192px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CJosie%E2%80%9D_chewing_sealskin_to_soften_it_for_making_kamiits_(boots),_Kinngait,_Nunavut_(31497043966).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chewing sealskin to soften it; Kinngait, Nunavut, July 1951"><img alt="Chewing sealskin to soften it; Kinngait, Nunavut, July 1951" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CJosie%E2%80%9D_chewing_sealskin_to_soften_it_for_making_kamiits_%28boots%29%2C_Kinngait%2C_Nunavut_%2831497043966%29.jpg/288px-Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CJosie%E2%80%9D_chewing_sealskin_to_soften_it_for_making_kamiits_%28boots%29%2C_Kinngait%2C_Nunavut_%2831497043966%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CJosie%E2%80%9D_chewing_sealskin_to_soften_it_for_making_kamiits_%28boots%29%2C_Kinngait%2C_Nunavut_%2831497043966%29.jpg/431px-Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CJosie%E2%80%9D_chewing_sealskin_to_soften_it_for_making_kamiits_%28boots%29%2C_Kinngait%2C_Nunavut_%2831497043966%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CJosie%E2%80%9D_chewing_sealskin_to_soften_it_for_making_kamiits_%28boots%29%2C_Kinngait%2C_Nunavut_%2831497043966%29.jpg/575px-Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CJosie%E2%80%9D_chewing_sealskin_to_soften_it_for_making_kamiits_%28boots%29%2C_Kinngait%2C_Nunavut_%2831497043966%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="626" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chewing sealskin to soften it; <a href="/wiki/Kinngait" title="Kinngait">Kinngait</a>, Nunavut, July 1951</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 196px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 194px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CJosie%E2%80%9D_scraping_sealskin,_Kinngait,_Nunavut_Josie,_une_femme_inuite,_gratte_une_peau_de_phoque_%C3%A0_Kinngait,_au_Nunavut_(30694460224).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A scraper may also be used.[4]"><img alt="A scraper may also be used.[4]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CJosie%E2%80%9D_scraping_sealskin%2C_Kinngait%2C_Nunavut_Josie%2C_une_femme_inuite%2C_gratte_une_peau_de_phoque_%C3%A0_Kinngait%2C_au_Nunavut_%2830694460224%29.jpg/291px-Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CJosie%E2%80%9D_scraping_sealskin%2C_Kinngait%2C_Nunavut_Josie%2C_une_femme_inuite%2C_gratte_une_peau_de_phoque_%C3%A0_Kinngait%2C_au_Nunavut_%2830694460224%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CJosie%E2%80%9D_scraping_sealskin%2C_Kinngait%2C_Nunavut_Josie%2C_une_femme_inuite%2C_gratte_une_peau_de_phoque_%C3%A0_Kinngait%2C_au_Nunavut_%2830694460224%29.jpg/436px-Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CJosie%E2%80%9D_scraping_sealskin%2C_Kinngait%2C_Nunavut_Josie%2C_une_femme_inuite%2C_gratte_une_peau_de_phoque_%C3%A0_Kinngait%2C_au_Nunavut_%2830694460224%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Inuit_woman_%E2%80%9CJosie%E2%80%9D_scraping_sealskin%2C_Kinngait%2C_Nunavut_Josie%2C_une_femme_inuite%2C_gratte_une_peau_de_phoque_%C3%A0_Kinngait%2C_au_Nunavut_%2830694460224%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A scraper may also be used.<sup id="cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tyman_winter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 137.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 135.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eskimos_drilling_ivory_and_making_mukluks,_Port_Clarence,_Alaska,_ca_1900_(HEGG_337)_(cropped_to_mukluk-making).jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Making waterproof summer overshoes in a tent,[4] c. 1900, Port Clarence, Alaska"><img alt="Making waterproof summer overshoes in a tent,[4] c. 1900, Port Clarence, Alaska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Eskimos_drilling_ivory_and_making_mukluks%2C_Port_Clarence%2C_Alaska%2C_ca_1900_%28HEGG_337%29_%28cropped_to_mukluk-making%29.jpeg/203px-Eskimos_drilling_ivory_and_making_mukluks%2C_Port_Clarence%2C_Alaska%2C_ca_1900_%28HEGG_337%29_%28cropped_to_mukluk-making%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="136" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Eskimos_drilling_ivory_and_making_mukluks%2C_Port_Clarence%2C_Alaska%2C_ca_1900_%28HEGG_337%29_%28cropped_to_mukluk-making%29.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="433" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Making waterproof summer overshoes in a tent,<sup id="cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tyman_winter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Clarence" title="Port Clarence">Port Clarence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 286px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 284px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inuitkvinder_skraber_rensdyrskind_-_Inuit_women_scraping_caribou_skin_(15143756777).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scraping caribou skin, Alaska, 1922"><img alt="Scraping caribou skin, Alaska, 1922" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Inuitkvinder_skraber_rensdyrskind_-_Inuit_women_scraping_caribou_skin_%2815143756777%29.jpg/426px-Inuitkvinder_skraber_rensdyrskind_-_Inuit_women_scraping_caribou_skin_%2815143756777%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="284" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Inuitkvinder_skraber_rensdyrskind_-_Inuit_women_scraping_caribou_skin_%2815143756777%29.jpg/638px-Inuitkvinder_skraber_rensdyrskind_-_Inuit_women_scraping_caribou_skin_%2815143756777%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Inuitkvinder_skraber_rensdyrskind_-_Inuit_women_scraping_caribou_skin_%2815143756777%29.jpg/851px-Inuitkvinder_skraber_rensdyrskind_-_Inuit_women_scraping_caribou_skin_%2815143756777%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2720" data-file-height="1918" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Scraping caribou skin, Alaska, 1922</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inuit_woman_in_an_igloo_making_kamiit_(sealskin_boots),_Inukjuak,_Quebec_Une_femme_inuite_fabrique_des_kamiit_(bottes_en_peau_de_phoque)_dans_un_igloo_%C3%A0_Inukjuak,_au_Qu%C3%A9bec_(31163278870)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An Inuk making kamiit from sealskin, in an igloo (iglu) in Inukjuak, Quebec, Canada, January 1946"><img alt="An Inuk making kamiit from sealskin, in an igloo (iglu) in Inukjuak, Quebec, Canada, January 1946" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Inuit_woman_in_an_igloo_making_kamiit_%28sealskin_boots%29%2C_Inukjuak%2C_Quebec_Une_femme_inuite_fabrique_des_kamiit_%28bottes_en_peau_de_phoque%29_dans_un_igloo_%C3%A0_Inukjuak%2C_au_Qu%C3%A9bec_%2831163278870%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/310px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Inuit_woman_in_an_igloo_making_kamiit_%28sealskin_boots%29%2C_Inukjuak%2C_Quebec_Une_femme_inuite_fabrique_des_kamiit_%28bottes_en_peau_de_phoque%29_dans_un_igloo_%C3%A0_Inukjuak%2C_au_Qu%C3%A9bec_%2831163278870%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/464px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Inuit_woman_in_an_igloo_making_kamiit_%28sealskin_boots%29%2C_Inukjuak%2C_Quebec_Une_femme_inuite_fabrique_des_kamiit_%28bottes_en_peau_de_phoque%29_dans_un_igloo_%C3%A0_Inukjuak%2C_au_Qu%C3%A9bec_%2831163278870%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/619px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="748" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An Inuk making kamiit from sealskin, in an <a href="/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo">igloo</a> (<i>iglu</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Inukjuak" title="Inukjuak">Inukjuak</a>, Quebec, Canada, January 1946</div> </li> </ul> <p>Usually, the uppers of summer kamik are made from <a href="/wiki/Ringed_seal" title="Ringed seal">ringed seal</a> skin, while the soles are made of <a href="/wiki/Bearded_seal" title="Bearded seal">bearded seal</a> skin, which is tougher.<sup id="cite_ref-tyman_summer_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tyman_summer-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winter kamik are often made of caribou leg fur; caribou, unlike seals, rely on fur rather than blubber for insulation, so their fur is warmer.<sup id="cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tyman_winter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tyman_summer_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tyman_summer-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The skin requires laborious preparation. Seals must be skinned, and the skins blubbered, washed in dish soap, scraped to clean them, hung to drain, and then stretched to dry outside. The skins may be bleached in the sun, and for summer kamik, they are generally scraped clean of fur to allow watertight stitching.<sup id="cite_ref-tyman_summer_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tyman_summer-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Blind_stitch" title="Blind stitch">Blind-stitching</a> (not piercing the full depth of the skin) with sinew, which shrinks when wet, helps keep mukluks watertight.<sup id="cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tyman_winter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tyman_summer_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tyman_summer-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commercial boots of modern materials will often require <a href="/wiki/Seam_sealant" title="Seam sealant">seam-sealing</a> after purchase if they are to be fully waterproof. </p><p>For insulation, mukluks may be lined with furs such as <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">caribou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arctic_hare" title="Arctic hare">Arctic hare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">Arctic fox</a> and more modern imports such as <a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">raccoon</a> or rabbit. Commercial sheepskin may be used to line and sole boots, as of the first decade of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tyman_winter-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Down, polyester, and closed-celled <a href="/wiki/Ethylene-vinyl_acetate" title="Ethylene-vinyl acetate">EVA foam</a> is also used in soft-soled boots.<sup id="cite_ref-mec_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mec-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inner boot may also be made of textile, or wool <a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">felt</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukluk&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenland-arnat-kamik.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceremonial kamik boots worn by women in Greenland during special occasions. Shorter sealskin outer boots are worn over decorated textile thigh-high inners. Sisimiut, Greenland"><img alt="Ceremonial kamik boots worn by women in Greenland during special occasions. Shorter sealskin outer boots are worn over decorated textile thigh-high inners. Sisimiut, Greenland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Greenland-arnat-kamik.jpg/168px-Greenland-arnat-kamik.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Greenland-arnat-kamik.jpg/253px-Greenland-arnat-kamik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Greenland-arnat-kamik.jpg/337px-Greenland-arnat-kamik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2176" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ceremonial kamik boots worn by women in Greenland during special occasions. Shorter sealskin outer boots are worn over decorated textile thigh-high inners. <a href="/wiki/Sisimiut" title="Sisimiut">Sisimiut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenland_1999_(14).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dancing in ceremonial kamiit in Ilulissat, Greenland in 1999. Note flexibility and lack of lacing."><img alt="Dancing in ceremonial kamiit in Ilulissat, Greenland in 1999. Note flexibility and lack of lacing." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Greenland_1999_%2814%29.jpg/195px-Greenland_1999_%2814%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Greenland_1999_%2814%29.jpg/293px-Greenland_1999_%2814%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Greenland_1999_%2814%29.jpg/391px-Greenland_1999_%2814%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1251" data-file-height="1919" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dancing in ceremonial kamiit in <a href="/wiki/Ilulissat" title="Ilulissat">Ilulissat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> in 1999. Note flexibility and lack of lacing.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inuit_tools_for_making_sealskin_boots,_Ungava_Inuit,_1989_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00398.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Top right, kamik for wet conditions, from Ungava, 1989. Note wrap-around sole, seam location, and lack of laces (close-up). Left, the tools for making them. Lower right, cut-out pieces for sole and vamp."><img alt="Top right, kamik for wet conditions, from Ungava, 1989. Note wrap-around sole, seam location, and lack of laces (close-up). Left, the tools for making them. Lower right, cut-out pieces for sole and vamp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Inuit_tools_for_making_sealskin_boots%2C_Ungava_Inuit%2C_1989_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00398.JPG/450px-Inuit_tools_for_making_sealskin_boots%2C_Ungava_Inuit%2C_1989_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00398.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Inuit_tools_for_making_sealskin_boots%2C_Ungava_Inuit%2C_1989_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00398.JPG/675px-Inuit_tools_for_making_sealskin_boots%2C_Ungava_Inuit%2C_1989_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00398.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Inuit_tools_for_making_sealskin_boots%2C_Ungava_Inuit%2C_1989_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00398.JPG/900px-Inuit_tools_for_making_sealskin_boots%2C_Ungava_Inuit%2C_1989_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00398.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Top right, kamik for wet conditions, from <a href="/wiki/Ungava_Peninsula" title="Ungava Peninsula">Ungava</a>, 1989. Note wrap-around sole, seam location, and lack of laces (<a href="/wiki/File:Inuit_boots_for_wet_conditions,_Ungava_Inuit,_1989_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00400.JPG" title="File:Inuit boots for wet conditions, Ungava Inuit, 1989 - Bata Shoe Museum - DSC00400.JPG">close-up</a>). Left, the tools for making them. Lower right, cut-out pieces for sole and <a href="/wiki/Shoe#Construction" title="Shoe">vamp</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 365.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 363.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inuit_or_Eskimo_shoes_(UBC).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kamiit, winter and summer, with their inners removed and stood separately. The exposed parts of the (felt) winter liner are decorated."><img alt="Kamiit, winter and summer, with their inners removed and stood separately. The exposed parts of the (felt) winter liner are decorated." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Inuit_or_Eskimo_shoes_%28UBC%29.jpg/545px-Inuit_or_Eskimo_shoes_%28UBC%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="364" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Inuit_or_Eskimo_shoes_%28UBC%29.jpg/817px-Inuit_or_Eskimo_shoes_%28UBC%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Inuit_or_Eskimo_shoes_%28UBC%29.jpg/1090px-Inuit_or_Eskimo_shoes_%28UBC%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3152" data-file-height="1736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kamiit, winter and summer, with their inners removed and stood separately. The exposed parts of the (<a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">felt</a>) winter liner are decorated.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 218.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 216.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alaskan_boots,_Inupiat,_1989,_bearded_seal,_ringed_seal,_spotted_seal,_caribou,_polar_bear_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00406_(crop).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Alaskan boots, Inupiat, 1989, bearded seal, ringed seal, spotted seal, caribou, polar bear"><img alt="Alaskan boots, Inupiat, 1989, bearded seal, ringed seal, spotted seal, caribou, polar bear" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Alaskan_boots%2C_Inupiat%2C_1989%2C_bearded_seal%2C_ringed_seal%2C_spotted_seal%2C_caribou%2C_polar_bear_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00406_%28crop%29.JPG/325px-Alaskan_boots%2C_Inupiat%2C_1989%2C_bearded_seal%2C_ringed_seal%2C_spotted_seal%2C_caribou%2C_polar_bear_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00406_%28crop%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="217" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Alaskan_boots%2C_Inupiat%2C_1989%2C_bearded_seal%2C_ringed_seal%2C_spotted_seal%2C_caribou%2C_polar_bear_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00406_%28crop%29.JPG/487px-Alaskan_boots%2C_Inupiat%2C_1989%2C_bearded_seal%2C_ringed_seal%2C_spotted_seal%2C_caribou%2C_polar_bear_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00406_%28crop%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Alaskan_boots%2C_Inupiat%2C_1989%2C_bearded_seal%2C_ringed_seal%2C_spotted_seal%2C_caribou%2C_polar_bear_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00406_%28crop%29.JPG/649px-Alaskan_boots%2C_Inupiat%2C_1989%2C_bearded_seal%2C_ringed_seal%2C_spotted_seal%2C_caribou%2C_polar_bear_-_Bata_Shoe_Museum_-_DSC00406_%28crop%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3752" data-file-height="3467" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Alaskan boots, Inupiat, 1989, bearded seal, ringed seal, spotted seal, caribou, polar bear</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cvsam2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crow Village Sam wearing his favorite mukluks, Chuathbaluk, Alaskaca, 1970"><img alt="Crow Village Sam wearing his favorite mukluks, Chuathbaluk, Alaskaca, 1970" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/Cvsam2.jpg/225px-Cvsam2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/Cvsam2.jpg/337px-Cvsam2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/08/Cvsam2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="542" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Crow_Village_Sam" title="Crow Village Sam">Crow Village Sam</a> wearing his favorite mukluks, <a href="/wiki/Chuathbaluk,_Alaska" title="Chuathbaluk, Alaska">Chuathbaluk, Alaskaca</a>, 1970</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukluk&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kamiks" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kamiks">Kamiks</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eskimo_boots" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Eskimo boots">Eskimo boots</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_clothing#Footwear" title="Inuit clothing">Inuit clothing#Footwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugg_boots" title="Ugg boots">Ugg boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yup%CA%BCik_clothing" title="Yupʼik clothing">Yupʼik clothing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukluk&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mukluk" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:mukluk">mukluk</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kamik" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:kamik">kamik</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-canadiana-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-canadiana_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canadianicons.ca/collections/mukluk">"Mukluk"</a>. Canadian Icons<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mukluk&rft.pub=Canadian+Icons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadianicons.ca%2Fcollections%2Fmukluk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMukluk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-livedict-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-livedict_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livingdictionary.com/search/viewResults.jsp?resultsId=1347641572684ri">"kamik"</a>. <i>Inuktitut Living Dictionary</i>. Retrieved September 14, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-are-mukluks">"What Are Mukluks?"</a>. www.wonderopolis.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Are+Mukluks%3F&rft.pub=www.wonderopolis.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wonderopolis.org%2Fwonder%2Fwhat-are-mukluks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMukluk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tyman_winter-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tyman_winter_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Tyman" class="citation web cs1">John Tyman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johntyman.com/arctic/inuit201.html">"Winter Clothing (III.1: INUIT CLOTHING/SHELTER)"</a>. INUIT ~ People of the Arctic.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winter+Clothing+%28III.1%3A+INUIT+CLOTHING%2FSHELTER%29&rft.series=INUIT+~+People+of+the+Arctic&rft.au=John+Tyman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johntyman.com%2Farctic%2Finuit201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMukluk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-first-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-first_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-first_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://firstpeoplesofcanada.com/fp_groups/fp_inuit5.html">"The Arctic People - Religion / Ceremonies / Art / Clothing"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Arctic+People+-+Religion+%2F+Ceremonies+%2F+Art+%2F+Clothing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffirstpeoplesofcanada.com%2Ffp_groups%2Ffp_inuit5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMukluk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-canenc-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-canenc_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-canenc_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mukluk">"Mukluk"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Historica_Canada" title="Historica Canada">Historica Canada</a>. October 20, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mukluk&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Historica+Canada&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fmukluk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMukluk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mec-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mec_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mec_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mec.ca/en/product/5031-589/Expedition-Plus-Bootie">"MEC Bootie"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MEC+Bootie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mec.ca%2Fen%2Fproduct%2F5031-589%2FExpedition-Plus-Bootie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMukluk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-run-rel-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-run-rel_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapagiannakiSamoladasMaropoulosArabatzi2020" class="citation journal cs1">Papagiannaki, M; Samoladas, E; Maropoulos, S; Arabatzi, F (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7561420">"Running-Related Injury From an Engineering, Medical and Sport Science Perspective"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology</i>. <b>8</b>: 533391. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffbioe.2020.533391">10.3389/fbioe.2020.533391</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7561420">7561420</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33117776">33117776</a>. <q>Taking these considerations together with recent findings, that the metabolic cost of running decreases about 1% for 100gr weight loss per shoe (Franz et al., 2012) and how excess weight is bound to affect momentum change rates during impact, suggesting that the selection of lightweight, highly compliant, and resilient footwear for competitive distance runners.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Bioengineering+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Running-Related+Injury+From+an+Engineering%2C+Medical+and+Sport+Science+Perspective.&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=533391&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7561420%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33117776&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffbioe.2020.533391&rft.aulast=Papagiannaki&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Samoladas%2C+E&rft.au=Maropoulos%2C+S&rft.au=Arabatzi%2C+F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7561420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMukluk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-econ-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-econ_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFullerBellengerThewlisTsiros2015" class="citation journal cs1">Fuller, JT; Bellenger, CR; Thewlis, D; Tsiros, MD; Buckley, JD (March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unisa.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/delivery/61USOUTHAUS_INST/12142958850001831">"The effect of footwear on running performance and running economy in distance runners"</a>. <i>Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)</i>. <b>45</b> (3): 411–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40279-014-0283-6">10.1007/s40279-014-0283-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25404508">25404508</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24940517">24940517</a>. <q>Meta-analysis found significant small beneficial effects on running economy for light shoes and barefoot compared with heavy shoes (SMD < 0.34; P < 0.01) and for minimalist shoes compared with conventional shoes (SMD = 0.29; P < 0.01). A significant positive association between shoe mass and metabolic cost of running was identified (P < 0.01). Footwear with a combined shoe mass less than 440 g per pair had no detrimental effect on running economy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Medicine+%28Auckland%2C+N.Z.%29&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+footwear+on+running+performance+and+running+economy+in+distance+runners.&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=411-22&rft.date=2015-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24940517%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25404508&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs40279-014-0283-6&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=JT&rft.au=Bellenger%2C+CR&rft.au=Thewlis%2C+D&rft.au=Tsiros%2C+MD&rft.au=Buckley%2C+JD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funisa.alma.exlibrisgroup.com%2Fview%2Fdelivery%2F61USOUTHAUS_INST%2F12142958850001831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMukluk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Issen&Rankin-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Issen&Rankin_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIssenmanRankin1988b" class="citation book cs1">Issenman, Betty Kobayashi; Rankin, Catherine (1988b). <i>Ivalu: Traditions Of Inuit Clothing</i>. Montréal: <a href="/wiki/McCord_Museum_of_Canadian_History" class="mw-redirect" title="McCord Museum of Canadian History">McCord Museum of Canadian History</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7717-0182-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7717-0182-9"><bdi>0-7717-0182-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17871781">17871781</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ivalu%3A+Traditions+Of+Inuit+Clothing&rft.place=Montr%C3%A9al&rft.pub=McCord+Museum+of+Canadian+History&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17871781&rft.isbn=0-7717-0182-9&rft.aulast=Issenman&rft.aufirst=Betty+Kobayashi&rft.au=Rankin%2C+Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMukluk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tyman_summer-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tyman_summer_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tyman_summer_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tyman_summer_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tyman_summer_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tyman_summer_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tyman_summer_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Tyman" class="citation web cs1">John Tyman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johntyman.com/arctic/inuit202.html">"Summer Clothing (III.2: INUIT CLOTHING/SHELTER)"</a>. INUIT ~ People of the Arctic.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summer+Clothing+%28III.2%3A+INUIT+CLOTHING%2FSHELTER%29&rft.series=INUIT+~+People+of+the+Arctic&rft.au=John+Tyman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johntyman.com%2Farctic%2Finuit202.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMukluk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn2000" class="citation book cs1">John, Long (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completehikereve0000long"><i>The Complete Hiker</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-135818-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-135818-8"><bdi>0-07-135818-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Hiker&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-07-135818-8&rft.aulast=John&rft.aufirst=Long&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompletehikereve0000long&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMukluk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Footwear" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Footwear" title="Template:Footwear"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Footwear" title="Template talk:Footwear"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Footwear" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Footwear"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Footwear" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Footwear" title="Footwear">Footwear</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandoned_footwear" title="Abandoned footwear">Abandoned footwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe" title="Shoe">Shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoemaking" title="Shoemaking">Shoemaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">Shoe size</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress_shoe" title="Dress shoe">Dress shoes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blucher_shoe" title="Blucher shoe">Blucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brogue_shoe" title="Brogue shoe">Brogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothel_creeper" title="Brothel creeper">Brothel creepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_shoe" title="Derby shoe">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk_shoe" title="Monk shoe">Monks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_shoe" title="Oxford shoe">Oxfords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectator_shoe" title="Spectator shoe">Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winklepicker" title="Winklepicker">Winklepickers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wholecut" title="Wholecut">Wholecuts</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slip-on_shoe" title="Slip-on shoe">Slip-on shoes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_shoe" title="Court shoe">Court shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipper#Types" title="Slipper">Prince Albert slippers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip-on_shoe#Types_of_loafer" title="Slip-on shoe">Loafers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe" title="Venetian-style shoe">Venetian-style shoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Women's</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_flat" title="Ballet flat">Ballet flats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-heeled_shoe" title="High-heeled shoe">High-heeled footwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)" title="Mary Jane (shoe)">Mary Janes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojari" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojari">Mojari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mule_(shoe)" title="Mule (shoe)">Mules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peep-toe_shoe" title="Peep-toe shoe">Peep-toe shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_shoe" title="Saddle shoe">Saddle shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slingback" title="Slingback">Slingbacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other shoes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moccasin#Driving_moccasins" title="Moccasin">Driving moccasins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-flops" title="Flip-flops">Flip-flops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galoshes" title="Galoshes">Galoshes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_shoe" title="Platform shoe">Platform shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandal" title="Sandal">Sandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-tying_shoes" title="Self-tying shoes">Self-tying shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_(footwear)" title="Slide (footwear)">Slides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipper" title="Slipper">Slippers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uwabaki" title="Uwabaki">Uwabaki</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes" title="Tiger-head shoes">Tiger-head shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veldskoen" title="Veldskoen">Veldskoens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri" class="mw-redirect" title="Zōri">Zōri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clog" title="Clog">Wooden footwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakya" title="Bakya">Bakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clog_(British)" title="Clog (British)">British clogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_albarcas" title="Cantabrian albarcas">Cantabrian albarcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clog" title="Clog">Clogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(footwear)" title="Geta (footwear)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klomp" title="Klomp">Klompen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaksin" title="Namaksin">Namaksin</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Okobo" title="Okobo">Okobo</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paduka" title="Paduka">Padukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patten_(shoe)" title="Patten (shoe)">Pattens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabot_(shoe)" title="Sabot (shoe)">Sabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A4skor" title="Träskor">Träskor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammunition_boot" title="Ammunition boot">Ammunition boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunny_boots" title="Bunny boots">Bunny boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_boot" title="Combat boot">Combat boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackboot" title="Jackboot">Jackboots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jump_boot" title="Jump boot">Jump boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_boot" title="Jungle boot">Jungle boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanker_boot" title="Tanker boot">Tanker boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_boot" title="Trench boot">Trench boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lyman_Munson#Munson_last" title="Edward Lyman Munson">Munson Last</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_work_boot" title="Australian work boot">Australian work boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_boot" title="Cowboy boot">Cowboy boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineer_boot" title="Engineer boot">Engineer boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_boot" title="Hip boot">Hip boots</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Jika-tabi" title="Jika-tabi">Jika-tabi</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigger_boot" title="Rigger boot">Rigger boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel-toe_boot" title="Steel-toe boot">Steel-toe boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waders_(footwear)" title="Waders (footwear)">Waders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fashion_boot" title="Fashion boot">Fashion boots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_boot" title="Chelsea boot">Chelsea boots</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beatle_boot" title="Beatle boot">Beatle boots</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukka_boot" title="Chukka boot">Chukka boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-go_boot" title="Go-go boot">Go-go boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee-high_boot" title="Knee-high boot">Knee-high boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-knee_boot" title="Over-the-knee boot">Over-the-knee boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_shoe" title="Platform shoe">Platform boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thigh-high_boots" title="Thigh-high boots">Thigh-high boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugg_boots" title="Ugg boots">Ugg boots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur_boot" title="Jodhpur boot">Jodhpur boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_boot" title="Wellington boot">Wellington boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_boot" title="Ballet boot">Ballet boots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport-related footwear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sneaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneaker">Athletic shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_shoe" title="Ballet shoe">Ballet shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_shoe" title="Boat shoe">Boat shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_shoe" title="Climbing shoe">Climbing shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_country_running_shoe" title="Cross country running shoe">Cross country running shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_shoe" title="Cycling shoe">Cycling shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_boot" title="Football boot">Football boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghillies_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghillies (dance)">Ghillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiking_boot" title="Hiking boot">Hiking boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skate" title="Ice skate">Ice skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inline_skates" title="Inline skates">Inline skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_shoe" title="Kung fu shoe">Kung fu shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_shoe" title="Minimalist shoe">Minimalist shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_boot" title="Motorcycle boot">Motorcycle boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering_boot" title="Mountaineering boot">Mountaineering boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plimsoll_(shoe)" title="Plimsoll (shoe)">Plimsolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_flat" title="Racing flat">Racing flats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_shoes" title="Racing shoes">Racing shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_boot" title="Riding boot">Riding boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_shoe" title="Roller shoe">Roller shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_skates" title="Roller skates">Roller skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabaton" title="Sabaton">Sabatons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_boot" title="Safari boot">Safari boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skate_shoe" title="Skate shoe">Skate shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_boot" title="Ski boot">Ski boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneaker">Sneakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimfin" title="Swimfin">Swimfins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_shoe" title="Water shoe">Water shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_shoe" title="Wrestling shoe">Wrestling shoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk footwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaca_slippers" title="Abaca slippers">Abacas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abarka" title="Abarka">Abarkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espadrille" title="Espadrille">Alpargatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avarca" title="Avarca">Avarcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balgha" title="Balgha">Balghas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bast_shoe" title="Bast shoe">Bast shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciocie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciocie">Ciocie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clog" title="Clog">Clogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espadrille" title="Espadrille">Espadrilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furlane_(shoe)" title="Furlane (shoe)">Furlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galesh" title="Galesh">Galesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(footwear)" title="Geta (footwear)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giveh" title="Giveh">Giveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haferlschuh" title="Haferlschuh">Haferlschuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hnyat-phanat" title="Hnyat-phanat">Hnyat-phanats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)" title="Huarache (shoe)">Huarache</a></li> <li><span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hwa" title="Hwa">Hwa</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Jipsin" title="Jipsin">Jipsin</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorabs" title="Jorabs">Jorabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamik">Kamiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal" title="Kolhapuri chappal">Kolhapuri chappals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moccasin" title="Moccasin">Moccasins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojari" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojari">Mojaris</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mukluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_clogs" title="Turkish clogs">Nalins</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Okobo" title="Okobo">Okobo</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opanak" title="Opanak">Opanci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshawari_chappal" title="Peshawari chappal">Peshawari chappals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">Snowshoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarouchi" title="Tsarouchi">Tsarouchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_clogs" title="Turkish clogs">Takunya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanah" title="Upanah">Upanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valenki" title="Valenki">Valenkis</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Waraji" title="Waraji">Waraji</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri" class="mw-redirect" title="Zōri">Zōri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical footwear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_shoe" title="Areni-1 shoe">Areni-1 shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buskin" title="Buskin">Buskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcei" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcei">Calcei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligae" title="Caligae">Caligae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbatina" title="Carbatina">Carbatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalier_boot" title="Cavalier boot">Cavalier boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanfu_footwear" title="Hanfu footwear">Chinese styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopine" title="Chopine">Chopines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duckbill_shoe" title="Duckbill shoe">Duckbill shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowerpot_shoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowerpot shoe">Flowerpot shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessian_(boot)" title="Hessian (boot)">Hessians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_shoe" title="Lotus shoe">Lotus shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampootie" title="Pampootie">Pampooties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigache" title="Pigache">Pigaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poulaine" title="Poulaine">Poulaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socci" class="mw-redirect" title="Socci">Socci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnshoe" title="Turnshoe">Turnshoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shoe construction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bespoke_shoes" title="Bespoke shoes">Bespoke shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_construction" title="Blake construction">Blake construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodyear_welt" title="Goodyear welt">Goodyear welt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_buckle" title="Shoe buckle">Shoe buckle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoelaces" title="Shoelaces">Shoelaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_box" title="Toe box">Toe box</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-heeled_shoe" title="High-heeled shoe">High heels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clear_heels" title="Clear heels">Clear heels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitten_heel" title="Kitten heel">Kitten heels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spool_heel" title="Spool heel">Spool heels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiletto_heel" title="Stiletto heel">Stiletto heels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge_(footwear)" title="Wedge (footwear)">Wedges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hosiery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anklet_(sock)" title="Anklet (sock)">Anklets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_sock" title="Bobby sock">Bobby socks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress_sock" title="Dress sock">Dress socks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footwrap" title="Footwrap">Footwraps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee_highs" title="Knee highs">Knee highs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantyhose" title="Pantyhose">Pantyhose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sock" title="Sock">Sock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stocking" title="Stocking">Stocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tights" title="Tights">Tights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_sock" class="mw-redirect" title="Toe sock">Toe socks</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tabi" title="Tabi">Tabi</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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