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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Puff pastry</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" 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Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AE%D8%A9" title="عجينة منتفخة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عجينة منتفخة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullatre" title="Fullatre – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fullatre" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoxaldre" title="Hoxaldre – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hoxaldre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Слоенае цеста – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Слоенае цеста" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasta_fullada" title="Pasta fullada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pasta fullada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohaldre" title="Ohaldre – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ohaldre" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listov%C3%A9_t%C4%9Bsto" title="Listové těsto – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Listové těsto" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterdej" title="Butterdej – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Butterdej" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%A4tterteig" title="Blätterteig – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Blätterteig" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehttainas" title="Lehttainas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lehttainas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Σφολιάτα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σφολιάτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hojaldre" title="Hojaldre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hojaldre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foliigita_pasto" title="Foliigita pasto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Foliigita pasto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostore" title="Hostore – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hostore" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7" title="خمیر هزارلا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خمیر هزارلا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A2te_feuillet%C3%A9e" title="Pâte feuilletée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pâte feuilletée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puth-thaosr%C3%A1n" title="Puth-thaosrán – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Puth-thaosrán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa_follada" title="Masa follada – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Masa follada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8D%BC%ED%94%84_%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC" title="퍼프 페이스트리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="퍼프 페이스트리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%AD%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Շերտավոր խմոր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շերտավոր խմոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisnato_tijesto" title="Lisnato tijesto – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lisnato tijesto" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastri_lapis" title="Pastri lapis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pastri lapis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasta_sfoglia" title="Pasta sfoglia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pasta sfoglia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%A7_%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="בצק עלים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בצק עלים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastry_puff" title="Pastry puff – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pastry puff" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastri_lapis" title="Pastri lapis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pastri lapis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladerdeeg" title="Bladerdeeg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bladerdeeg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%95%E3%83%9A%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="パフペストリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パフペストリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterdeig" title="Butterdeig – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Butterdeig" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterdeig" title="Butterdeig – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Butterdeig" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciasto_francuskie" title="Ciasto francuskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ciasto francuskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa_folhada" title="Massa folhada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Massa folhada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foitaj" title="Foitaj – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Foitaj" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Слоёное тесто – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Слоёное тесто" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puff_pastry" title="Puff pastry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Puff pastry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Лиснато тесто – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лиснато тесто" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voitaikina" title="Voitaikina – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Voitaikina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sm%C3%B6rdeg" title="Smördeg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Smördeg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinapay_na_alsado" title="Tinapay na alsado – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tinapay na alsado" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milf%C3%B6y_hamuru" title="Milföy hamuru – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Milföy hamuru" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Листкове тісто – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Листкове тісто" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%A5%E7%9A%AE" title="酥皮 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="酥皮" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%A5%E7%9A%AE" title="酥皮 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="酥皮" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29221#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Puff pastry</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pate_feuilletee_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pate_feuilletee_2.jpg/220px-Pate_feuilletee_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pate_feuilletee_2.jpg/330px-Pate_feuilletee_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pate_feuilletee_2.jpg/440px-Pate_feuilletee_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Puff pastry before baking, with layers clearly visible</div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">pâte feuilletée</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pastry" title="Pastry">Pastry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">Butter</a> or other solid culinary fat, flour, water</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Puff_Pastry" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Puff Pastry">Cookbook: Puff pastry</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Puff_pastry" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Puff pastry">Media: Puff pastry</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Puff pastry</b>, also known as <b><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pâte feuilletée</i></span></b>, is a light, flaky <a href="/wiki/Pastry" title="Pastry">pastry</a>, its base dough (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">détrempe</i></span>) composed of wheat flour and water. Butter or other solid fat (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">beurrage</i></span>) is then layered into the dough. The dough is repeatedly rolled and folded, rested, re-rolled and folded, encasing solid butter between each resulting layer. </p><p>This produces a <a href="/wiki/Laminated_dough" title="Laminated dough">laminated dough</a>. During <a href="/wiki/Baking" title="Baking">baking</a>, gaps form between the layers left by the fat melting; the pastry is <a href="/wiki/Leaven" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaven">leavened</a> by steam from the water content of the fat as it expands, puffing the separate layers. The pastry layers crisp as the heated fat is in contact with its surfaces. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puff_pastry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Empanadas_de_At%C3%BAn-2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Empanadas_de_At%C3%BAn-2009.jpg/220px-Empanadas_de_At%C3%BAn-2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Empanadas_de_At%C3%BAn-2009.jpg/330px-Empanadas_de_At%C3%BAn-2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Empanadas_de_At%C3%BAn-2009.jpg/440px-Empanadas_de_At%C3%BAn-2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Spanish pastry in Madrid</figcaption></figure> <p>While modern puff pastry was developed in France in the 17th century, related laminated and air-leavened pastry has a long history. In Spain, likely built upon Arab or Moorish culinary traditions, the first known recipe for pastry using butter or lard following the Arab technique of making each layer separately, appears in the Spanish recipe book <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Libro del arte de cozina</i></span> ('book on the art of cooking') by Domingo Hernández de Maceras, published in 1607.<sup id="cite_ref-perez_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perez-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hernández, the head cook of a college of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">University of Salamanca</a>, already distinguished between filled puff pastry recipes and puff pastry tarts, and even mentions leavened preparations. Francisco Martínez Motiño, head chef to <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> (1527–1598),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also gave several recipes of puff pastry in his <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Arte de cocina, pastelería, bizcochería y conservería</i></span> published in 1611.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this book, puff pastry is abundantly used, particularly to make savoury game pies.<sup id="cite_ref-Dionisio_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dionisio-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SchweineohrGebaeck3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SchweineohrGebaeck3.JPG/220px-SchweineohrGebaeck3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SchweineohrGebaeck3.JPG/330px-SchweineohrGebaeck3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SchweineohrGebaeck3.JPG/440px-SchweineohrGebaeck3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Palmier" title="Palmier">palmier</a>, or "palm leaf", design</figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest known documented recipe for puff pastry in France was included in a charter by Robert, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Amiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Amiens">bishop of Amiens</a> in 1311.<sup id="cite_ref-Larousse_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larousse-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first recipe to explicitly use the technique of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tourage" class="extiw" title="wikt:tourage">tourage</a></i></span> (the action of encasing solid butter within dough layers, keeping the fat intact and separate, by folding several times) was published in 1651 by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pierre_La_Varenne" title="François Pierre La Varenne">François Pierre La Varenne</a> in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le cuisinier français</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-duc_2006_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duc_2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern French puff pastry was then developed and improved by the chef M. Feuillet and <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Car%C3%AAme" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonin Carême">Antonin Carême</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ppc_1984_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ppc_1984-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ox_comp_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ox_comp-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The method is sometimes considered the idea of the famous painter <a href="/wiki/Claude_Lorrain" title="Claude Lorrain">Claude Gellée</a> when he was an apprentice baker in 1612. Historical evidence for this is negligible, but it is retained as culinary lore.<sup id="cite_ref-ppc_1984_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ppc_1984-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story goes that Lorrain was making a type of very buttery bread for his sick father, and the process of rolling the butter into the bread dough created a <a href="/wiki/Croissant" title="Croissant">croissant</a>-like finished product.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puff_pastry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puff_pastry_with_sugar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Puff_pastry_with_sugar.jpg/220px-Puff_pastry_with_sugar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Puff_pastry_with_sugar.jpg/330px-Puff_pastry_with_sugar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Puff_pastry_with_sugar.jpg/440px-Puff_pastry_with_sugar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Home made puff pastries with sugar</figcaption></figure> <p>The production of puff pastry dough can be time-consuming, because it must be kept at a temperature of approximately 16 °C (60 °F) to keep the shortening from melting and the layers melding; it must rest in between folds to allow <a href="/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten">gluten</a> strands time to link up and thus retain layering. Therefore, between each step the dough is rested and chilled. Before re-rolling, the dough is rotated ninety degrees, so that it is rolled at right angle relative to the previous "turn" (as each step is usually referred to). After rolling, another thin layer of butter is applied, the folding and resting are repeated. The chef <a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a>'s method has 72 layers<sup id="cite_ref-flaky_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flaky-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for rough-puff pastry (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pâte demi-feuilletée</i></span>) and 729 layers<sup id="cite_ref-classic_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-classic-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pâte feuilletée fine</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-child_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-child-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of layers in puff pastry is calculated with the formula: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996643573">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="block-indent"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ell =(f+1)^{n}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ell =(f+1)^{n}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d785e7289c28f0e9582227e6ecbeb3df9acbfcda" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.377ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ell =(f+1)^{n}}" /></span></div> <p>where <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ell }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ℓ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ell }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f066e981e530bacc07efc6a10fa82deee985929e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.97ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ell }" /></span> is the number of finished layers, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" /></span> the number of folds in a single folding move, and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" /></span> is how many times the folding move is repeated. For example, twice-folding (i.e. in three), repeated four times gives <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (2+1)^{4}=81}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>81</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (2+1)^{4}=81}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d66e6f87c41d21325bd12b057a21a8f863ff83c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.452ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (2+1)^{4}=81}" /></span> layers. </p><p>Commercially made puff pastry is available in <a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">grocery stores</a>. Common types of fat used include <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shortening" title="Shortening">vegetable shortenings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">lard</a> and margarine. Butter is the most common type used because it provides a richer taste and superior <a href="/wiki/Mouthfeel" title="Mouthfeel">mouthfeel</a>. Shortenings and lard have a higher melting point therefore puff pastry made with either will rise more than pastry made with butter, if made correctly. Puff pastry made in this manner will, however, often have a waxy mouthfeel and more bland flavor. Specialized margarine formulated for high plasticity (the ability to spread very thin without breaking apart) is used for industrial production of puff pastry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants_and_distinctions">Variants and distinctions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puff_pastry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variants and distinctions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Flaky_pastry" title="Flaky pastry">Flaky pastry</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rustico_leccese.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Rustico_leccese.jpg/220px-Rustico_leccese.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Rustico_leccese.jpg/330px-Rustico_leccese.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Rustico_leccese.jpg/440px-Rustico_leccese.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Rustico leccese: Puff pastry filled with mozzarella, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9chamel" class="mw-redirect" title="Béchamel">béchamel</a>, tomato, pepper and nutmeg</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the process of making puff pastry is generally laborious and time-intensive, faster recipes are fairly common: known as "blitz",<sup id="cite_ref-Suas_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suas-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 490">: 490 </span></sup> "rough puff", or "<a href="/wiki/Flaky_pastry" title="Flaky pastry">flaky pastry</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-house_cyclo_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-house_cyclo-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these recipes combine the butter into the <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">détrempe</i></span></i> rather than adding it in the folding process and are thus similar to a folded short crust. Many retain the layering process, but the number of steps ("turns" or "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">tours</i></span>") is reduced. Alternatively, or in addition, the butter is scattered over the dough-layer surface in small pieces, or grated, rather than in a single mass or block. Time and effort to evenly distribute the fat in a single mass is thus avoided, and chilling time may be reduced as less handling of the butter generally keeps it at a lower temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-Suas_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suas-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This process makes rough-puff more similar to another laminated pastry, <a href="/wiki/Phyllo" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllo">phyllo</a> (or filo). The dough for phyllo is stretched and rolled to its final pre-baking size. Layering is done immediately before baking, with a small amount of oil or melted fat (usually butter) brushed on one layer of dough, which is then topped with another layer that is also brushed with the fat; the layering is repeated as often as desired. When the phyllo bakes it becomes crispy, but since it contains somewhat less water, it does not expand to the same degree as puff pastry. Puff pastry also differs from Austrian <a href="/wiki/Strudel" title="Strudel">strudel</a> dough, or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">strudelteig</i></span>, which more closely resembles phyllo, in that <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">strudelteig</i></span> is stretched (and rolled) into a very thin sheet. Most of the fat is incorporated into <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">strudelteig</i></span>, rather than applied to sheets. For strudel, pastry layers are achieved by rolling the (lightly fat-coated) dough around the filling multiple times; some phyllo pastry dishes also use this method. </p><p>Versions of puff pastry are leavened with <a href="/wiki/Baker%27s_yeast" title="Baker's yeast">baker's yeast</a> to create <a href="/wiki/Croissant" title="Croissant">croissants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danish_pastry" title="Danish pastry">Danish pastry</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pain_au_chocolat" title="Pain au chocolat">pain au chocolat</a>; these may be considered as being in a category distinct from puff pastry. Such preparations are known collectively as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Viennoiserie" title="Viennoiserie">Viennoiserie</a></i></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puff_pastry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChickenpotpiesopenFeb09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/ChickenpotpiesopenFeb09.jpg/220px-ChickenpotpiesopenFeb09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/ChickenpotpiesopenFeb09.jpg/330px-ChickenpotpiesopenFeb09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/ChickenpotpiesopenFeb09.jpg/440px-ChickenpotpiesopenFeb09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A chicken <a href="/wiki/Pot_pie" title="Pot pie">pot pie</a> made with puff pastry</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_Wellington" title="Beef Wellington">Beef Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croline" title="Croline">Croline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croissants" class="mw-redirect" title="Croissants">Croissants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galette_des_rois#France" class="mw-redirect" title="Galette des rois">Galette des rois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambon" title="Jambon">Jambons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguelitos" title="Miguelitos">Miguelitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mille-feuille" title="Mille-feuille">Mille-feuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmier" title="Palmier">Palmier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_nata" title="Pastel de nata">Pastel de nata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithivier" title="Pithivier">Pithivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage_roll" title="Sausage roll">Sausage rolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_and_kidney_pie" title="Steak and kidney pie">Steak and kidney pie</a> <ul><li>other <a href="/wiki/Pie" title="Pie">pies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarte_conversation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarte conversation">Tarte conversation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarte_Tatin" title="Tarte Tatin">Tarte Tatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_dessert" title="Torpedo dessert">Torpedo dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnover_(food)" title="Turnover (food)">Turnovers</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puff_pastry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_strudel" title="Apple strudel">Apple strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_butter_dishes" title="List of butter dishes">List of butter dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pastries" title="List of pastries">List of pastries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustico_(pastry)" title="Rustico (pastry)">Rustico (pastry)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puff_pastry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-flaky-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-flaky_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The number 72 refers to the layers of butter only; there are also 73 layers of dough, for 145 layers in all. The process demonstrated in Child's recipe uses a mixture of folds. After an initial trifold (two layers of butter, three of dough), the next step given for the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pâte demi-feuilletée</i></span> is a "book fold" (each end of pastry is folded over to meet in the middle; this is then doubled on itself), without additional butter at this point, resulting in eight layers of butter and nine of dough. Two additional trifold steps are made, so these eight layers are then tripled twice over (<span class="texhtml">8<span class="nowrap"> × </span>3 =24; 24<span class="nowrap"> × </span>3=72</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-child_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-child-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 160–174">: 160–174 </span></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-classic-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-classic_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The classic French puff pastry demonstrated in Child's book sandwiches a layer of butter between two of dough in its first step (resulting in two layers of dough, one of butter). There follows six trifold "turns" (i.e. 3<sup>6</sup>) giving 729 layers (of butter and 730 of dough – 1459 layers in total).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puff_pastry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-perez-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-perez_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPérez_Samper1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pérez Samper, María Angeles (1998). <i>La alimentación en la España del Siglo de Oro: Domingo Hernandez de Maceras, </i>Libro del arte de cocina<i><span></span></i> [<i>Food in Golden Age Spain: Domingo Hernandez de Maceras, </i>Book of the art of cooking<i><span></span></i>] (in Spanish). Zaragoza, Spain: La Val de Onsera. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-88518-34-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-88518-34-7"><bdi>978-84-88518-34-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/538258373">538258373</a>. Publisher's note: A study of food in Golden Age Spain, which focuses on and reproduces the work of Hernández de Maceras in its entirety.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+alimentaci%C3%B3n+en+la+Espa%C3%B1a+del+Siglo+de+Oro%3A+Domingo+Hernandez+de+Maceras%2C+Libro+del+arte+de+cocina&rft.place=Zaragoza%2C+Spain&rft.pub=La+Val+de+Onsera&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F538258373&rft.isbn=978-84-88518-34-7&rft.aulast=P%C3%A9rez+Samper&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Angeles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff+pastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_universal_ilustrada_europeo-americana" title="Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana"><i>Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana</i></a> (in Spanish). Vol. 33: MARI–MECH. Barcelona & Madrid: Espasa-Calpe. 1917. p. 557. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788423945009" title="Special:BookSources/9788423945009"><bdi>9788423945009</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enciclopedia+universal+ilustrada+europeo-americana&rft.place=Barcelona+%26+Madrid&rft.pages=557&rft.pub=Espasa-Calpe&rft.date=1917&rft.isbn=9788423945009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff+pastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martínez Montiño, Francisco, <i>Arte de cocina, pastelería, bizcochería y conservería</i>, Barcelona: Tusquets, 1982. ISBN 84-7223-425-8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dionisio-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dionisio_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPérez_Gutiérrez1929" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dionisio_P%C3%A9rez_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez">Pérez Gutiérrez, Dionisio</a> (1929). <i>Guía del buen comer español: Inventario y loa de la cocina clásica de España y de sus regiones</i>. Madrid: Imprenta de los Sucesores de Rivadeneyra.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gu%C3%ADa+del+buen+comer+espa%C3%B1ol%3A+Inventario+y+loa+de+la+cocina+cl%C3%A1sica+de+Espa%C3%B1a+y+de+sus+regiones&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Imprenta+de+los+Sucesores+de+Rivadeneyra&rft.date=1929&rft.aulast=P%C3%A9rez+Guti%C3%A9rrez&rft.aufirst=Dionisio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff+pastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larousse-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Larousse_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaubourguetFlavigny1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maubourguet, Patrice; Flavigny, Laure, eds. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/DictionnaireLarousseGastronomique/page/3/"><i>Dictionnaire Larousse Gastronomique</i></a> (in French). Larousse. pp. <span class="nowrap">455–</span>457, <span class="nowrap">774–</span>775. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-03-507300-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-03-507300-6"><bdi>978-2-03-507300-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+Larousse+Gastronomique&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E455-%3C%2Fspan%3E457%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E774-%3C%2Fspan%3E775&rft.pub=Larousse&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-2-03-507300-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FDictionnaireLarousseGastronomique%2Fpage%2F3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff+pastry" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-03-507300-6" title="Special:BookSources/2-03-507300-6">2-03-507300-6</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/DictionnaireLarousseGastronomique/page/773/mode/2up">"Feuilletage"</a> pp.<span class="nowrap"> </span>455–457: "La pâte feuilletée était déjà connue des Grecs et des Arabes, qui la préparaient à l'huile. Les croisés l'introduisirent en France et en Autriche. Dans une charte de Robert d'Amiens (1311), il est fait mention de « gâteaux feuilletés ». A la même époque, la ville de Cahors créait une spécialité de pâte feuilletée à l'huile, qu elle conserva longtemps. Les fleurons de feuilletage s'employaient déjà au XVe siècle à la cour du grand-duc de Toscane, pour orner les apprêts d'épinards. Le peintre Claude Gellée, dit le Lorrain (1600–1682), qui avait débuté comme apprenti pâtissier, passa longtemps pour l'« inventeur » – de la pâte feuilletée. Cette paternité lui fut disputée par un certain Feuillet, au nom prédestiné, pâtissier du prince de Condé, dont Antonin Carême parle élogieusement dans son Pâtissier royal."<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...]</p><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/DictionnaireLarousseGastronomique/page/775/mode/2up">"Pâtisserie"</a> p.<span class="nowrap"> </span>775:<span class="nowrap"> </span>"Mais ce sont les Croisés qui, au XIe siècle, découvrent la canne à sucre et la pâte feuilletée en Orient, donnèrant une impulsion décisive à la pâtisserie proprement dite."</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duc_2006-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-duc_2006_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobertDucasse2006" class="citation book cs1">Robert, Frédéric; Ducasse, Alain (2006). <i>Grand livre de cuisine: Alain Ducasse's desserts and pastries</i>. Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; New York: Lec-Les Éditions Culinaires; Distributed by Stewart, Tabori & Chang. p. 507. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2848440163" title="Special:BookSources/978-2848440163"><bdi>978-2848440163</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grand+livre+de+cuisine%3A+Alain+Ducasse%27s+desserts+and+pastries&rft.place=Issy-les-Moulineaux%2C+France%3B+New+York&rft.pages=507&rft.pub=Lec-Les+%C3%89ditions+Culinaires%3B+Distributed+by+Stewart%2C+Tabori+%26+Chang&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-2848440163&rft.aulast=Robert&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.au=Ducasse%2C+Alain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff+pastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLa_Varenne1651" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">La Varenne (1651). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k114423k"><i>Le cuisinier françois, enseignant la manière de bien apprester et assaisonner toutes sortes de viandes... légumes,... par le sieur de La Varenne,...</i></a> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+cuisinier+fran%C3%A7ois%2C+enseignant+la+mani%C3%A8re+de+bien+apprester+et+assaisonner+toutes+sortes+de+viandes...+l%C3%A9gumes%2C...+par+le+sieur+de+La+Varenne%2C...&rft.date=1651&rft.au=La+Varenne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k114423k&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff+pastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarême1815" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carême, Marie-Antoine (1815). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k852237p"><i>Le pâtissier royal parisien ou Traité élémentaire et pratique de la pâtisserie ancienne et moderne</i></a> (in French). Vol. II. M. A. Carême (1784-1833): Auteur du texte.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+p%C3%A2tissier+royal+parisien+ou+Trait%C3%A9+%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaire+et+pratique+de+la+p%C3%A2tisserie+ancienne+et+moderne&rft.date=1815&rft.aulast=Car%C3%AAme&rft.aufirst=Marie-Antoine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k852237p&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff+pastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ppc_1984-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ppc_1984_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ppc_1984_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerry1984" class="citation journal cs1">Perry, Charles (June 1984). "Puff Paste is Spanish". <i><a href="/wiki/Petits_Propos_Culinaires" title="Petits Propos Culinaires">Petits Propos Culinaires</a></i>. <b>17</b>: <span class="nowrap">57–</span>62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1558%2Fppc.29702">10.1558/ppc.29702</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Petits+Propos+Culinaires&rft.atitle=Puff+Paste+is+Spanish&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E57-%3C%2Fspan%3E62&rft.date=1984-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1558%2Fppc.29702&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff+pastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ox_comp-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ox_comp_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWemischner2015" class="citation book cs1">Wemischner, Robert (2015). "pastry, puff". In Darra Goldstein (ed.). <i>The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">508–</span>509. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-931361-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-931361-7"><bdi>978-0-19-931361-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=pastry%2C+puff&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Sugar+and+Sweets&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E508-%3C%2Fspan%3E509&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-931361-7&rft.aulast=Wemischner&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff+pastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFavre1905" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Favre, Joseph (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57317645/f403">"Feuilletage"</a>. <i>Dictionnaire universel de cuisine pratique: Encyclopédie illustrée d'hygiène alimentaire — modification de l'homme par l'alimentation</i> (in French). Vol. 3 (Deuxième majeure, révisée ed.). pp. <span class="nowrap">841–</span>842 – via Gallica – <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Feuilletage&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+universel+de+cuisine+pratique%3A+Encyclop%C3%A9die+illustr%C3%A9e+d%27hygi%C3%A8ne+alimentaire+%E2%80%94+modification+de+l%27homme+par+l%27alimentation&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E841-%3C%2Fspan%3E842&rft.edition=Deuxi%C3%A8me+majeure%2C+r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Favre&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k57317645%2Ff403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff+pastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-child-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-child_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-child_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChildBeck1978" class="citation book cs1">Child, Julia; Beck, Simone (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masteringartoffr0002simo/page/164/mode/2up">"French Puff Pastry – Pâte Feuilletée" <b>·</b> "Pâte Demi-feuilletée Fine (simple, flaky, mock puff)" <b>·</b> "Pâte Feuilletée Fine (classic French puff)"</a>. <i>Mastering the Art of French Cooking</i>. Vol. 2. Penguin. pp. <span class="nowrap">164–</span>180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-046221-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-046221-0"><bdi>978-0-14-046221-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=French+Puff+Pastry+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3BP%C3%A2te+Feuillet%C3%A9e%22+%3Cb%3E%26middot%3B%3C%2Fb%3E%26%2332%3B%22P%C3%A2te+Demi-feuillet%C3%A9e+Fine+%28simple%2C+flaky%2C+mock+puff%29%22+%3Cb%3E%26middot%3B%3C%2Fb%3E%26%2332%3B%22P%C3%A2te+Feuillet%C3%A9e+Fine+%28classic+French+puff%29&rft.btitle=Mastering+the+Art+of+French+Cooking&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E164-%3C%2Fspan%3E180&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-14-046221-0&rft.aulast=Child&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft.au=Beck%2C+Simone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmasteringartoffr0002simo%2Fpage%2F164%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff+pastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suas-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Suas_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suas_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSuas2008" class="citation book cs1">Suas, Michel (2008). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/advancedbreadpas0000unse/mode/2up"><i>Advanced Bread and Pastry: A Professional Approach</i></a></span>. New York: Delmar Cengage Learning. pp. <span class="nowrap">490–</span>491, 501. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4180-1169-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4180-1169-7"><bdi>978-1-4180-1169-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Bread+and+Pastry%3A+A+Professional+Approach&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E490-%3C%2Fspan%3E491%2C+501&rft.pub=Delmar+Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4180-1169-7&rft.aulast=Suas&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadvancedbreadpas0000unse%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff+pastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-house_cyclo-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-house_cyclo_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHammerton1939" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hammerton, J. A., ed. (1939). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CHEV0l2/page/n501/mode/2up">"Pastry for Pies, Tarts and Patties: Popular Recipes for Plain and Rich Varieties"</a>. <i>The Concise Household Encyclopedia</i>. Vol. 2: Linen – Zither. London: Educational Book Company Ltd. pp. <span class="nowrap">501–</span>505.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pastry+for+Pies%2C+Tarts+and+Patties%3A+Popular+Recipes+for+Plain+and+Rich+Varieties&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Household+Encyclopedia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E501-%3C%2Fspan%3E505&rft.pub=Educational+Book+Company+Ltd&rft.date=1939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FCHEV0l2%2Fpage%2Fn501%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff+pastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puff_pastry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Domingo Hernández de Maceras (1607). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130930123920/http://allandalus.com/~apicius/Libro%20del%20Arte%20de%20Cozina%20de%20Domingo%20Hernandez%20de%20Maceras%20del%201607%20%28Copia%20Facsimil%29.pdf"><i>Libro del Arte de Cozina</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). Salamanca: Casa de Antonia Ramírez. (Hernández de Maceras, cook at the College of Oviedo in the City of Salamanca). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allandalus.com/~apicius/Libro%20del%20Arte%20de%20Cozina%20de%20Domingo%20Hernandez%20de%20Maceras%20del%201607%20%28Copia%20Facsimil%29.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Libro+del+Arte+de+Cozina&rft.place=Salamanca&rft.pub=Casa+de+Antonia+Ram%C3%ADrez&rft.date=1607&rft.au=Domingo+Hern%C3%A1ndez+de+Maceras&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallandalus.com%2F~apicius%2FLibro%2520del%2520Arte%2520de%2520Cozina%2520de%2520Domingo%2520Hernandez%2520de%2520Maceras%2520del%25201607%2520%2528Copia%2520Facsimil%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff+pastry" class="Z3988"></span> Also: via <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00001044-001/page/n10/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>; via <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bibliotecavirtualmadrid.comunidad.madrid/bvmadrid_publicacion/es/consulta/registro.do?id=19744">La Biblioteca Digital de Madrid</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Huete García, Santiago (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/97792/domingo-hernandez-de-maceras#">"Domingo Hernández de Maceras"</a>. In Real Academia de la Historia (ed.). <i>Diccionario Biográfico electrónico</i> (in Spanish). Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Domingo+Hern%C3%A1ndez+de+Maceras&rft.btitle=Diccionario+Biogr%C3%A1fico+electr%C3%B3nico&rft.pub=Ministerio+de+Ciencia%2C+Innovaci%C3%B3n+y+Universidades&rft.aulast=Huete+Garc%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=Santiago&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdbe.rah.es%2Fbiografias%2F97792%2Fdomingo-hernandez-de-maceras%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APuff+pastry" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puff_pastry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/restaurant/techniques/pastry.html">Preparing Puff Pastry (a visual guide)</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" 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href="/wiki/Template:Pastries" title="Template:Pastries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pastries" title="Template talk:Pastries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pastries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pastries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="*_Pastries_**_list616" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastry" title="Pastry">Pastries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pastries" title="List of pastries">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_flaky_pastry" title="Chinese flaky pastry">Chinese flaky pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choux_pastry" title="Choux pastry">Choux pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filo" title="Filo">Filo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaky_pastry" title="Flaky pastry">Flaky pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_water_crust_pastry" title="Hot water crust pastry">Hot water crust pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_dulce" title="Pan dulce">Pan dulce</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Puff pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortcrust_pastry" title="Shortcrust pastry">Shortcrust pastry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Choux_pastry" title="Choux pastry">Choux pastry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beignet" title="Beignet">Beignet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossche_bol" title="Bossche bol">Bossche bol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouquette_(pastry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chouquette (pastry)">Chouquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croquembouche" title="Croquembouche">Croquembouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89clair" title="Éclair">Éclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goug%C3%A8re" title="Gougère">Gougère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karpatka" title="Karpatka">Karpatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady%27s_navel" title="Lady's navel">Lady's navel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorkop" title="Moorkop">Moorkop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun%27s_puffs" title="Nun's puffs">Nun's puffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Brest" title="Paris–Brest">Paris–Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pommes_dauphine" title="Pommes dauphine">Pommes dauphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiterole" title="Profiterole">Profiterole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religieuse" title="Religieuse">Religieuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Honor%C3%A9_cake" title="St. Honoré cake">St. Honoré cake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Puff pastry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_Wellington" title="Beef Wellington">Beef Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_straw" title="Cheese straw">Cheese straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croline" title="Croline">Croline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croissant" title="Croissant">Croissant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galette_des_rois#France" class="mw-redirect" title="Galette des rois">Galette des rois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambon" title="Jambon">Jambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguelitos" title="Miguelitos">Miguelitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mille-feuille" title="Mille-feuille">Mille-feuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmier" title="Palmier">Palmier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_nata" title="Pastel de nata">Pastel de nata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithivier" title="Pithivier">Pithivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage_roll" title="Sausage roll">Sausage roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_and_kidney_pie" title="Steak and kidney pie">Steak and kidney pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strudel" title="Strudel">Strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarte_conversation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarte conversation">Tarte conversation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarte_Tatin" title="Tarte Tatin">Tarte Tatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_dessert" title="Torpedo dessert">Torpedo dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnover_(food)" title="Turnover (food)">Turnovers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poppy seed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chatti_pathiri" title="Chatti pathiri">Chatti pathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamantash" title="Hamantash">Hamantash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifli" title="Kifli">Kifli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolach_(cake)" title="Kolach (cake)">Kolach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%AB%C4%8Diukai" title="Kūčiukai">Kūčiukai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91imurska_gibanica" title="Međimurska gibanica">Međimurska gibanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunt" title="Nunt">Nunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_roll" title="Nut roll">Nut roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed_roll" title="Poppy seed roll">Poppy seed roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prekmurska_gibanica" title="Prekmurska gibanica">Prekmurska gibanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugelach" title="Rugelach">Rugelach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_croissant" title="St. Martin's croissant">St. Martin's croissant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandertorte" title="Alexandertorte">Alexandertorte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allerheiligenstriezel" title="Allerheiligenstriezel">Allerheiligenstriezel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_strudel" title="Apple strudel">Apple strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_pakhlava" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani pakhlava">Azerbaijani pakhlava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakewell_pudding" title="Bakewell pudding">Bakewell pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banket_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Banket (food)">Banket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_p%C3%ADa" title="Bánh pía">Bánh pía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banitsa" title="Banitsa">Banitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_claw" title="Bear claw">Bear claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belokranjska_povitica" title="Belokranjska povitica">Belokranjska povitica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethm%C3%A4nnchen" title="Bethmännchen">Bethmännchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bierock" title="Bierock">Bierock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizcocho" title="Bizcocho">Bizcocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyoz" title="Boyoz">Boyoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briouat" title="Briouat">Briouat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruttiboni" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruttiboni">Bruttiboni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulemas" title="Bulemas">Bulemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundevara" title="Bundevara">Bundevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorley_cake" title="Chorley cake">Chorley cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca_(pastry)" title="Coca (pastry)">Coca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulibiac" title="Coulibiac">Coulibiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coussin_de_Lyon" title="Coussin de Lyon">Coussin de Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_horn" title="Cream horn">Cream horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremeschnitte" title="Cremeschnitte">Cremeschnitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croline" title="Croline">Croline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronut" title="Cronut">Cronut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruller" title="Cruller">Cruller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_pastry" title="Cuban pastry">Cuban pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_beef_turnover" title="Curry beef turnover">Curry beef turnover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_puff" title="Curry puff">Curry puff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabby-Doughs" title="Dabby-Doughs">Dabby-Doughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_letter" title="Dutch letter">Dutch letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccles_cake" title="Eccles cake">Eccles cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">Empanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensa%C3%AFmada" title="Ensaïmada">Ensaïmada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fa_gao" title="Fa gao">Fa gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazuelos" title="Fazuelos">Fazuelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_roll" title="Fig roll">Fig roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish-shaped_pastry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish-shaped pastry">Fish-shaped pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fla%C3%B3" title="Flaó">Flaó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flia" title="Flia">Flia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flies%27_graveyard" title="Flies' graveyard">Flies' graveyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franzbr%C3%B6tchen" title="Franzbrötchen">Franzbrötchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2teau_Basque" title="Gâteau Basque">Gâteau Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibanica" title="Gibanica">Gibanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6zleme" title="Gözleme">Gözleme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundain" title="Gundain">Gundain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_pastry" title="Gustavus Adolphus pastry">Gustavus Adolphus pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddekuche" title="Haddekuche">Haddekuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_patty" title="Haitian patty">Haitian patty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellimli" title="Hellimli">Hellimli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heong_Peng" title="Heong Peng">Heong Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huff_paste" title="Huff paste">Huff paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwangnam-ppang" title="Hwangnam-ppang">Hwangnam-ppang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jachnun" title="Jachnun">Jachnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachapuri" title="Khachapuri">Khachapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knafeh" title="Knafeh">Knafeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchener_bun" title="Kitchener bun">Kitchener bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klob%C3%A1sn%C3%ADk" title="Klobásník">Klobásník</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kniek%C3%BCchle" title="Knieküchle">Knieküchle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolach_(cake)" title="Kolach (cake)">Kolach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kro%C5%A1tule" class="mw-redirect" title="Kroštule">Kroštule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCrt%C5%91skal%C3%A1cs" title="Kürtőskalács">Kürtőskalács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattice_(pastry)" title="Lattice (pastry)">Lattice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipziger_Lerche" title="Leipziger Lerche">Leipziger Lerche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Cheesecake" title="London Cheesecake">London Cheesecake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukhmi" title="Lukhmi">Lukhmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">Ma'amoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makroudh" title="Makroudh">Makroudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malsouka" title="Malsouka">Malsouka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandelkubb" title="Mandelkubb">Mandelkubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantecada" title="Mantecada">Mantecada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marillenkn%C3%B6del" title="Marillenknödel">Marillenknödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekitsa" title="Mekitsa">Mekitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguelitos" title="Miguelitos">Miguelitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milhojas" title="Milhojas">Milhojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk-cream_strudel" title="Milk-cream strudel">Milk-cream strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mille-feuille" title="Mille-feuille">Mille-feuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorkop" title="Moorkop">Moorkop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna" title="Mouna">Mouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonka" title="Napoleonka">Napoleonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokul" title="Nokul">Nokul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96%C3%A7po%C3%A7maq" class="mw-redirect" title="Öçpoçmaq">Öçpoçmaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_%C3%A0_la_grecque" title="Pain à la grecque">Pain à la grecque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_dulce" title="Pan dulce">Pan dulce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_(food)" title="Pastel (food)">Pastel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastizz" title="Pastizz">Pastizz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_heart" title="Pastry heart">Pastry heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasty" title="Pasty">Pasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2t%C3%A9_chaud" title="Pâté chaud">Pâté chaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peremech" title="Peremech">Peremech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirog" title="Pirog">Pirog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">Pirozhki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C4%83cint%C4%83" title="Plăcintă">Plăcintă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-Tarts" title="Pop-Tarts">Pop-Tarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prekmurska_gibanica" title="Prekmurska gibanica">Prekmurska gibanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiterole" title="Profiterole">Profiterole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punsch-roll" title="Punsch-roll">Punsch-roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punschkrapfen" title="Punschkrapfen">Punschkrapfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quesito" title="Quesito">Quesito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remonce" title="Remonce">Remonce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_tissue" title="Roti tissue">Roti tissue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roze_koek" title="Roze koek">Roze koek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runeberg_torte" title="Runeberg torte">Runeberg torte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runza" title="Runza">Runza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sad_cake" class="mw-redirect" title="Sad cake">Sad cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaumrolle" title="Schaumrolle">Schaumrolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnecken" title="Schnecken">Schnecken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneeball_(pastry)" title="Schneeball (pastry)">Schneeball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuxen" title="Schuxen">Schuxen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%B6biyet" title="Şöbiyet">Şöbiyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sou_(pastry)" title="Sou (pastry)">Sou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritzkuchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Spritzkuchen">Spritzkuchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streusel" title="Streusel">Streusel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strudel" title="Strudel">Strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stutenkerl" title="Stutenkerl">Stutenkerl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetheart_cake" title="Sweetheart cake">Sweetheart cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahini roll">Tahini roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toast%27em_Pop_Ups" title="Toast'em Pop Ups">Toast'em Pop Ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toaster_pastry" title="Toaster pastry">Toaster pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toaster_Strudel" title="Toaster Strudel">Toaster Strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tompouce" title="Tompouce">Tompouce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_dessert" title="Torpedo dessert">Torpedo dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortell" class="mw-redirect" title="Tortell">Tortell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortita_negra" title="Tortita negra">Tortita negra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu_(cake)" title="Tu (cake)">Tu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnover_(food)" title="Turnover (food)">Turnover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C5%A1tipci" title="Uštipci">Uštipci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatrushka" title="Vatrushka">Vatrushka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veka_(pastry)" title="Veka (pastry)">Veka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetkoek" title="Vetkoek">Vetkoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurla_(dish)" title="Yurla (dish)">Yurla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeeuwse_bolus" title="Zeeuwse bolus">Zeeuwse bolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDemlovka" title="Žemlovka">Žemlovka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chasan_(pastry)" title="Chasan (pastry)">Chasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiucai_hezi" title="Jiucai hezi">Jiucai hezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masan_(pastry)" title="Masan (pastry)">Masan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachima" title="Sachima">Sachima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filipino</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biscocho" title="Biscocho">Biscocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buko_pie" title="Buko pie">Buko pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caycay" title="Caycay">Caycay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daral_(food)" title="Daral (food)">Daral (food)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinamita" title="Dinamita">Dinamita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_pie" title="Egg pie">Egg pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empanada#Philippines" title="Empanada">Empanada</a> (Pastil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensa%C3%AFmada" title="Ensaïmada">Ensaïmada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakpia" title="Bakpia">Hopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpia" title="Lumpia">Lumpia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mille-feuille" title="Mille-feuille">Napoleones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngohiong" title="Ngohiong">Ngohiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohaldre" title="Ohaldre">Ohaldre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otap_(food)" title="Otap (food)">Otap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaya_(food)" title="Piaya (food)">Piaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilipit" title="Pilipit">Pilipit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakoy" title="Shakoy">Shakoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turon_(food)" title="Turon (food)">Turon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_wings" title="Angel wings">Angel wings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beignet" title="Beignet">Beignet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bichon_au_citron" title="Bichon au citron">Bichon au citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscuit_rose_de_Reims" title="Biscuit rose de Reims">Biscuit rose de Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broy%C3%A9_poitevin" title="Broyé poitevin">Broyé poitevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canel%C3%A9" title="Canelé">Canelé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouquette" title="Chouquette">Chouquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choux_pastry" title="Choux pastry">Choux pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_tart" title="Conversation tart">Conversation tart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croissant" title="Croissant">Croissant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croquembouche" title="Croquembouche">Croquembouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croustade" title="Croustade">Croustade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89clair" title="Éclair">Éclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financier_(cake)" title="Financier (cake)">Financier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goug%C3%A8re" title="Gougère">Gougère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9suite" title="Jésuite">Jésuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladyfinger_(biscuit)" title="Ladyfinger (biscuit)">Ladyfinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaron" title="Macaron">Macaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_(cake)" title="Madeleine (cake)">Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun%27s_puffs" title="Nun's puffs">Nun's puffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_au_chocolat" title="Pain au chocolat">Pain au chocolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_aux_raisins" title="Pain aux raisins">Pain aux raisins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmier" title="Palmier">Palmier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Brest" title="Paris–Brest">Paris–Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puits_d%27amour" title="Puits d'amour">Puits d'amour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religieuse" title="Religieuse">Religieuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Honor%C3%A9_cake" title="St. Honoré cake">St. Honoré cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuile" title="Tuile">Tuile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viennoiserie" title="Viennoiserie">Viennoiserie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vol-au-vent" title="Vol-au-vent">Vol-au-vent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amygdalopita" title="Amygdalopita">Amygdalopita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougatsa" title="Bougatsa">Bougatsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanouropita" title="Fanouropita">Fanouropita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filo" title="Filo">Filo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaktoboureko" title="Galaktoboureko">Galaktoboureko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karydopita" title="Karydopita">Karydopita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koulourakia" title="Koulourakia">Koulourakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moustalevria" title="Moustalevria">Moustalevria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastafrola" title="Pastafrola">Pastafrola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahulu" title="Bahulu">Bahulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakpia" title="Bakpia">Bakpia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakpia_pathok" title="Bakpia pathok">Bakpia pathok</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_puff" title="Curry puff">Curry puff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kue_makmur" title="Kue makmur">Makmur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_pie" title="Milk pie">Milk pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_tee" title="Pie tee">Pie tee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_john" title="Roti john">Roti john</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_tissue" title="Roti tissue">Roti tissue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iranian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gosh-e_fil" title="Gosh-e fil">Gosh-e fil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolompeh" title="Kolompeh">Kolompeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koloocheh" title="Koloocheh">Koloocheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komaj_sehen" title="Komaj sehen">Komaj sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qottab" title="Qottab">Qottab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohan_asali" title="Sohan asali">Sohan asali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baicoli" title="Baicoli">Baicoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscotti" title="Biscotti">Biscotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscotti_di_San_Martino" title="Biscotti di San Martino">Biscotti di San Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscotti_regina" title="Biscotti regina">Biscotti regina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocconotto" title="Bocconotto">Bocconotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombolone" title="Bombolone">Bombolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannoli" title="Cannoli">Cannoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciarduna" title="Ciarduna">Ciarduna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornetto_(pastry)" title="Cornetto (pastry)">Cornetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocetta_di_Caltanissetta" title="Crocetta di Caltanissetta">Crocetta di Caltanissetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frittella_(doughnut)" title="Frittella (doughnut)">Frittole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladyfinger_(biscuit)" title="Ladyfinger (biscuit)">Ladyfinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossa_di_morto" title="Ossa di morto">Ossa di morto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandoro" title="Pandoro">Pandoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasticciotto" title="Pasticciotto">Pasticciotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pevarini" title="Pevarini">Pevarini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pignolata" title="Pignolata">Pignolata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pignolo_(cookie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pignolo (cookie)">Pignolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">Pizzelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raviola_di_ricotta_nissena" class="mw-redirect" title="Raviola di ricotta nissena">Raviola di ricotta nissena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll%C3%B2" title="Rollò">Rollò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfogliatella" title="Sfogliatella">Sfogliatella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spina_Santa" class="mw-redirect" title="Spina Santa">Spina Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struffoli" title="Struffoli">Struffoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torta_caprese" title="Torta caprese">Torta caprese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppola" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeppola">Zeppola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zippula" title="Zippula">Zippula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romanian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornule%C8%9Be" title="Cornulețe">Cornulețe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogo%C8%99i" title="Gogoși">Gogoși</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papana%C8%99i" title="Papanași">Papanași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C4%83cint%C4%83" title="Plăcintă">Plăcintă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfin%C8%9Bi%C8%99ori" title="Sfințișori">Sfințișori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scandinavian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butterkaka" title="Butterkaka">Butterkaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_pastry" title="Danish pastry">Danish pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joulutorttu" title="Joulutorttu">Joulutorttu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klen%C3%A4t" title="Klenät">Klenät</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kringle" title="Kringle">Kringle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(cookie)" title="Rosette (cookie)">Rosettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semla" title="Semla">Semla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Swiss</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birnbrot" title="Birnbrot">Birnbrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_cake" title="Blue cake">Blue cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndner_Nusstorte" title="Bündner Nusstorte">Bündner Nusstorte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carac_(pastry)" title="Carac (pastry)">Carac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholera_(food)" title="Cholera (food)">Cholera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenkele" title="Schenkele">Schenkele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanisch_Br%C3%B6tli" title="Spanisch Brötli">Spanisch Brötli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taiwanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_yolk_pastry" title="Egg yolk pastry">Egg yolk pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lek-tau-phong" class="mw-redirect" title="Lek-tau-phong">Lek-tau-phong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pineapple_cake" title="Pineapple cake">Pineapple cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naiyou_subing" title="Naiyou subing">Naiyou subing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suncake_(Taiwan)" title="Suncake (Taiwan)">Suncake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taro_pastry" title="Taro pastry">Taro pastry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClb%C3%BCl_yuvas%C4%B1" title="Bülbül yuvası">Bülbül yuvası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClla%C3%A7" title="Güllaç">Güllaç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalburabast%C4%B1" title="Kalburabastı">Kalburabastı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady%27s_navel" title="Lady's navel">Lady's navel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Qurabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saray_helva" title="Saray helva">Saray helva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eekerpare" title="Şekerpare">Şekerpare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtl%C3%BC_Nuriye" title="Sütlü Nuriye">Sütlü Nuriye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_dessert" title="Torpedo dessert">Torpedo dessert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">Confectionery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crust_(baking)" title="Crust (baking)">Crust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custard" title="Custard">Custard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">Doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konditorei" title="Konditorei">Konditorei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuo_Yuan_Ye_Museum_of_Cake_and_Pastry" title="Kuo Yuan Ye Museum of Cake and Pastry">Kuo Yuan Ye Museum of Cake and Pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cakes" title="List of cakes">List of cakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_choux_pastry_dishes" title="List of choux pastry dishes">List of choux pastry dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_desserts" title="List of desserts">List of desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fried_dough_foods" title="List of fried dough foods">List of fried dough foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pies,_tarts_and_flans" title="List of pies, tarts and flans">List of pies, tarts and flans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_poppy_seed_pastries_and_dishes" title="List of poppy seed pastries and dishes">List of poppy seed pastries and dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_bag" title="Pastry bag">Pastry bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_blender" title="Pastry blender">Pastry blender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_brush" title="Pastry brush">Pastry brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_chef" title="Pastry chef">Pastry chef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_fork" title="Pastry fork">Pastry fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2tisserie" title="Pâtisserie">Pâtisserie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Pastry_Cup" title="World Pastry Cup">World Pastry Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/16px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/24px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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