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id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modernization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Modernization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modernization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_future" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_future"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>The future</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_future-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Small_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Small_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Small format</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Small_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neighborhood_grocery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhood_grocery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Neighborhood grocery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighborhood_grocery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Convenience_store" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Convenience_store"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Convenience store</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Convenience_store-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delicatessen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delicatessen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Delicatessen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delicatessen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greengrocer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greengrocer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Greengrocer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greengrocer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>Ethnic market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_food_store" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_food_store"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.6</span> <span>Health food store</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_food_store-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Milk_bar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Milk_bar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.7</span> <span>Milk bar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Milk_bar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Large_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Large_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Large format</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Large_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Supermarket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supermarket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Supermarket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supermarket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hypermarket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hypermarket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Hypermarket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hypermarket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Electronic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Regional variations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regional_variations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regional variations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regional_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Food marketing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Food_marketing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Food marketing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Food_marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Prices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_waste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_waste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Food waste</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_waste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grocery store</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9" title="بقالة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بقالة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baqqal" title="Baqqal – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Baqqal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="মুদি দোকান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুদি দোকান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1m-%C3%A1-ti%C3%A0m" title="Kám-á-tiàm – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kám-á-tiàm" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botiga_d%27ultramarins" title="Botiga d'ultramarins – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Botiga d'ultramarins" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tienda_de_alimentos" title="Tienda de alimentos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tienda de alimentos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سوپری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوپری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%A3%8C%ED%92%88%EC%A0%90" title="식료품점 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="식료품점" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matv%C3%B6ruverslun" title="Matvöruverslun – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Matvöruverslun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%AA" title="מכולת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מכולת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toko_kelontong" title="Toko kelontong – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Toko kelontong" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕಿರಾಣಿ ಅಂಗಡಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಿರಾಣಿ ಅಂಗಡಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicerie" title="Epicerie – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Epicerie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F" title="പലചരക്ക് കട – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പലചരക്ക് കട" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedai_runcit" title="Kedai runcit – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kedai runcit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="グロサリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グロサリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Баккхал – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Баккхал" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagligvareforretning" title="Dagligvareforretning – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dagligvareforretning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daglegvarehandel" title="Daglegvarehandel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Daglegvarehandel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕਰਿਆਨੇ ਦੀ ਦੁਕਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਰਿਆਨੇ ਦੀ ਦੁਕਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercearia" title="Mercearia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mercearia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Бакалея – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бакалея" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapah_Bbrigan" title="Sapah Bbrigan – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Sapah Bbrigan" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elintarvikeliike" title="Elintarvikeliike – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elintarvikeliike" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livsmedelsaff%C3%A4r" title="Livsmedelsaffär – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Livsmedelsaffär" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88" title="மளிகைக் கடை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மளிகைக் கடை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%9B%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Баққолӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Баққолӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakkal" title="Bakkal – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bakkal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Бакалія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бакалія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کریانہ کی دکان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کریانہ کی دکان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%87m_t%E1%BA%A1p_h%C3%B3a" title="Tiệm tạp hóa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiệm tạp hóa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E8%B2%A8%E8%88%96" title="雜貨舖 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雜貨舖" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dukandar" title="Dukandar – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dukandar" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" 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id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Retail store that primarily sells food and other household supplies</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a large grocery store, see <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">Supermarket</a>. For a fruit and vegetable grocery store, see <a href="/wiki/Greengrocer" title="Greengrocer">Greengrocer</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Grocery store</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="border:1;;height:192px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Westside_Market_in_Manhattan,_NYC_IMG_5615.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Westside_Market_in_Manhattan%2C_NYC_IMG_5615.JPG/288px-Westside_Market_in_Manhattan%2C_NYC_IMG_5615.JPG" decoding="async" width="288" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Westside_Market_in_Manhattan%2C_NYC_IMG_5615.JPG/432px-Westside_Market_in_Manhattan%2C_NYC_IMG_5615.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Westside_Market_in_Manhattan%2C_NYC_IMG_5615.JPG/576px-Westside_Market_in_Manhattan%2C_NYC_IMG_5615.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Grocery store on the Upper West Side of Manhattan</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:199px;max-width:199px"><div style="border:1;;height:129px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kosher_Cajun_Metairie_Louisiana_Dec_2018_02-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Kosher_Cajun_Metairie_Louisiana_Dec_2018_02-cropped.jpg/197px-Kosher_Cajun_Metairie_Louisiana_Dec_2018_02-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Kosher_Cajun_Metairie_Louisiana_Dec_2018_02-cropped.jpg/296px-Kosher_Cajun_Metairie_Louisiana_Dec_2018_02-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Kosher_Cajun_Metairie_Louisiana_Dec_2018_02-cropped.jpg/394px-Kosher_Cajun_Metairie_Louisiana_Dec_2018_02-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3830" data-file-height="2524" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Delicatessen & Grocery in Metairie, Louisiana</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div style="border:1;;height:129px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ishtar_Ethnic_Food,_West_Bloomfield_Township,_Michigan_-_20201214-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ishtar_Ethnic_Food%2C_West_Bloomfield_Township%2C_Michigan_-_20201214-cropped.jpg/87px-Ishtar_Ethnic_Food%2C_West_Bloomfield_Township%2C_Michigan_-_20201214-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ishtar_Ethnic_Food%2C_West_Bloomfield_Township%2C_Michigan_-_20201214-cropped.jpg/131px-Ishtar_Ethnic_Food%2C_West_Bloomfield_Township%2C_Michigan_-_20201214-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ishtar_Ethnic_Food%2C_West_Bloomfield_Township%2C_Michigan_-_20201214-cropped.jpg/174px-Ishtar_Ethnic_Food%2C_West_Bloomfield_Township%2C_Michigan_-_20201214-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Ethnic grocery, West Bloomfield Twp, Michigan</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brockenhurst_Convenience_Store_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4978448.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Brockenhurst_Convenience_Store_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4978448.jpg/142px-Brockenhurst_Convenience_Store_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4978448.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Brockenhurst_Convenience_Store_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4978448.jpg/213px-Brockenhurst_Convenience_Store_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4978448.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Brockenhurst_Convenience_Store_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4978448.jpg/284px-Brockenhurst_Convenience_Store_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4978448.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="525" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Convenience Store in Brockenhurst, United Kingdom</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Best_organic_produce_Toronto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Best_organic_produce_Toronto.jpg/142px-Best_organic_produce_Toronto.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Best_organic_produce_Toronto.jpg/213px-Best_organic_produce_Toronto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Best_organic_produce_Toronto.jpg/284px-Best_organic_produce_Toronto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Organic grocery in Toronto, Canada</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>grocery store</b> (<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>), <b>grocery shop</b> (<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) or simply <b>grocery</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">retail</a> store that primarily retails a general range of food <a href="/wiki/Product_(business)" title="Product (business)">products</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-naics_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naics-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which may be <a href="/wiki/Fresh_food" title="Fresh food">fresh</a> or <a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">packaged</a>. In everyday U.S. usage, however, "grocery store" is a synonym for <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarket</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is not used to refer to other types of stores that sell <b>groceries</b>. In the UK, shops that sell food are distinguished as grocers<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or grocery shops (though in everyday use, people usually use either the term "supermarket" or a "<a href="/wiki/Corner_shop" class="mw-redirect" title="Corner shop">corner shop</a>".) </p><p>Larger types of stores that sell groceries, such as <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarkets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypermarket" title="Hypermarket">hypermarkets</a>, usually stock significant amounts of non-food products, such as <a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">clothing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Household_hardware" class="mw-redirect" title="Household hardware">household items</a>. Small grocery stores that sell mainly fruit and vegetables are known as <a href="/wiki/Greengrocer" title="Greengrocer">greengrocers</a> (Britain) or produce markets (U.S.), and small grocery stores that predominantly sell prepared food, such as candy and snacks, are known as <a href="/wiki/Convenience_shop" class="mw-redirect" title="Convenience shop">convenience shops</a> or <a href="/wiki/Delicatessen" title="Delicatessen">delicatessens</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The definition of "grocery store" varies; U.S. and Canadian official definitions of "grocery store" exclude some businesses that sell groceries, such as convenience stores. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, </p> <ul><li>the <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Merriam-Webster Dictionary">Merriam-Webster Dictionary</a></i> defines a grocery store as "a store that sells food and household supplies : supermarket". In other words, in common U.S. usage, "grocery store" is a synonym for supermarket.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> notes that the term "grocery store" in American English is often used to mean "supermarket".<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the U.S. and Canadian governments have a wider definition of grocery stores, not limiting them to supermarkets. The category of business (<a href="/wiki/NAICS" class="mw-redirect" title="NAICS">NAICS</a> code 4551) "Grocery stores" is defined as "primarily engaged in retailing a general line of food products",<sup id="cite_ref-naics_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naics-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the subcategory (NAICS code 455110), "Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores" is defined as "establishments generally known as supermarkets and grocery stores, primarily engaged in retailing a general line of food, such as canned and frozen foods; fresh fruits and vegetables; and fresh and prepared meats, fish, and poultry. Included in this industry are delicatessen-type establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of food.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United Kingdom, terms in common usage include "supermarket" (for larger grocery stores), "corner shop",<sup id="cite_ref-corner_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "convenience shop", or "grocery" (meaning a grocery shop) for smaller stores. "Grocery store", being a North American term, is not used. The Oxford English Dictionary states that a "grocery" is (especially in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>) a shop that sells food and other things used in the home.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The UK government does not define "grocery (shop)" or "supermarket" nor a distinction between them, but defines the types of store formats (whether they sell groceries, or otherwise):<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>"One-stop shops" as over 1,400 square metres (15,000 square feet)</li> <li>"Mid-range stores": between 280 and 1,400 square metres (3,000 and 15,000 square feet), and</li> <li>"Convenience stores": less than 280 square metres (3,000 square feet)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>90% of the 810-billion-dollar Indian food and grocery market sales are at the 12 million small grocery stores, called <i>kirana</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerard_Dou_-_The_Grocer%27s_Shop_-_WGA06636.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gerard_Dou_-_The_Grocer%27s_Shop_-_WGA06636.jpg/120px-Gerard_Dou_-_The_Grocer%27s_Shop_-_WGA06636.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gerard_Dou_-_The_Grocer%27s_Shop_-_WGA06636.jpg/180px-Gerard_Dou_-_The_Grocer%27s_Shop_-_WGA06636.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gerard_Dou_-_The_Grocer%27s_Shop_-_WGA06636.jpg/240px-Gerard_Dou_-_The_Grocer%27s_Shop_-_WGA06636.jpg 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="827" /></a><figcaption>Painting: 'The Grocer's Shop,' 1647</figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning as early as the 14th century, a grocer (or "purveyor") was a dealer in comestible <a href="/wiki/Dry_goods" title="Dry goods">dry goods</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Spices" class="mw-redirect" title="Spices">spices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">peppers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf" title="Sugarloaf">sugar</a>, and (later) <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_solids" title="Cocoa solids">cocoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>. Because these items were often bought in bulk, they were named after the French word for wholesaler, or "grossier". This, in turn, is derived from the Medieval Latin term "grossarius",<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from which the term "gross" (meaning a quantity of 12 dozen, or 144) is also derived. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Epicerie_moderne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Epicerie_moderne.jpg/220px-Epicerie_moderne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Epicerie_moderne.jpg/330px-Epicerie_moderne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Epicerie_moderne.jpg/440px-Epicerie_moderne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1589" data-file-height="1141" /></a><figcaption>Grocer's shop in <a href="/wiki/Paris,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris, France">Paris, France</a>, 1904</figcaption></figure> <p>From the late 1600s until the 1850s, the word "grocery" referred to a <a href="/wiki/Bar_(establishment)" title="Bar (establishment)">place where people went to drink</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As increasing numbers of <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple food</a>-stuffs became available in <a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">cans</a> and other less-perishable packaging, the trade expanded its province. Today, grocers deal in a wide range of staple food-stuffs including such perishables as <a href="/wiki/Dairy_product" title="Dairy product">dairy products</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Produce" title="Produce">produce</a>. Such goods are, hence, called <i>groceries</i>. <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many rural areas still contain general stores that sell goods ranging from tobacco products to imported napkins. Traditionally, general stores have offered credit to their customers, a system of payment that works on trust rather than modern <a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit cards</a>. This allowed farm families to buy staples until their harvest could be sold. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modernization">Modernization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modernization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piggly_Wiggly_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Piggly_Wiggly_1918.jpg/200px-Piggly_Wiggly_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Piggly_Wiggly_1918.jpg/300px-Piggly_Wiggly_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Piggly_Wiggly_1918.jpg/400px-Piggly_Wiggly_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Piggly_Wiggly" title="Piggly Wiggly">Piggly Wiggly</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/Self-service" title="Self-service">self-service</a> grocery store, opening in 1916.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first <a href="/wiki/Self-service" title="Self-service">self-service</a> grocery store, <a href="/wiki/Piggly_Wiggly" title="Piggly Wiggly">Piggly Wiggly</a>, was opened in 1916 in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Saunders_(grocer)" title="Clarence Saunders (grocer)">Clarence Saunders</a>, an inventor and entrepreneur.<sup id="cite_ref-[[Piggly_Wiggly_History]]_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-[[Piggly_Wiggly_History]]-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-[[TN_History_for_Kids]]_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-[[TN_History_for_Kids]]-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this innovation, grocery stores operated "over the counter," with customers asking a grocer to retrieve items from inventory. Saunders' invention allowed a much smaller number of clerks to service the customers, proving successful (according to a 1929 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>) "partly because of its novelty, partly because neat packages and large advertising appropriations have made retail grocery selling almost an automatic procedure."<sup id="cite_ref-Time_1929_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time_1929-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The early supermarkets began as <a href="/wiki/Chain_store" title="Chain store">chains</a> of grocer's shops. The development of supermarkets and other large grocery stores has meant that smaller grocery stores often must create a <a href="/wiki/Niche_market" title="Niche market">niche market</a> by selling unique, premium quality, or ethnic foods that are not easily found in supermarkets. A small grocery store may also compete by locating in a mixed commercial-residential area close to, and convenient for, its customers. Organic foods are also becoming a more popular niche market for smaller stores. </p><p>Grocery stores operate in many different styles ranging from rural family-owned operations, such as <a href="/wiki/IGA_(supermarkets)" class="mw-redirect" title="IGA (supermarkets)">IGAs</a>, to boutique chains, such as <a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trader_Joe%27s" title="Trader Joe's">Trader Joe's</a>, to larger supermarket chain stores such as <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kroger" title="Kroger">Kroger</a> Marketplace. In some places, <a href="/wiki/Food_cooperative" title="Food cooperative">food cooperatives</a>, or "co-op" markets, owned by their own shoppers, have been popular. However, there has recently been a trend towards larger stores serving larger geographic areas. Very large "all-in-one" <a href="/wiki/Hypermarket" title="Hypermarket">hypermarkets</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Meijer" title="Meijer">Meijer</a> have recently forced consolidation of the grocery businesses in some areas, and the entry of <a href="/wiki/Variety_store" title="Variety store">variety stores</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Dollar_General" title="Dollar General">Dollar General</a> into rural areas has undercut many traditional grocery stores. The global buying power of such very efficient companies has put an increased financial burden on traditional local grocery stores as well as the national <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarket</a> chains, and many have been caught up in the <a href="/wiki/Retail_apocalypse" title="Retail apocalypse">retail apocalypse</a> of the 2010s. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_grocery_shop_(38797097655).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Old_grocery_shop_%2838797097655%29.jpg/220px-Old_grocery_shop_%2838797097655%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Old_grocery_shop_%2838797097655%29.jpg/330px-Old_grocery_shop_%2838797097655%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Old_grocery_shop_%2838797097655%29.jpg/440px-Old_grocery_shop_%2838797097655%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Grocery store in Porto, Portugal</figcaption></figure> <p>Many European cities are so dense in population and buildings that large supermarkets, in the American sense, cannot replace the neighbourhood grocer's shop. However, "Metro" shops have been appearing in town and city centres in many countries, leading to the decline of independent smaller shops. Large out-of-town <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarkets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypermarket" title="Hypermarket">hypermarkets</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sainsbury%27s" title="Sainsbury's">Sainsbury's</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, have been steadily weakening trade from smaller shops. Many grocery chains like <a href="/wiki/Spar_(retailer)" title="Spar (retailer)">Spar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mace_(retailer)" title="Mace (retailer)">Mace</a> are taking over the regular family business model. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_future">The future</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The future"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Deloitte Insights,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> exponentially more powerful technology is one of the major forces reshaping the industry. The future of grocery stores is likely to be shaped by continued technological innovation, with trends like automated checkouts, AI-driven inventory management, and even drone deliveries. Sustainability will also be a key focus, with stores adopting more eco-friendly practices and products. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grocery stores can be small or large physical stores or electronic (online) stores. </p><p>The U.S. FMI food industry association, drawing on research by Willard Bishop, defines the following formats (store types) that sell groceries:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Store type </th> <th>Definition as per the U.S. FMI Food Industry Association/Bishop </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>Traditional grocery</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Traditional <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarket</a> </td> <td>Stores offering a full line of groceries, meat, and produce with at least US$2 million USD in annual sales and up to 15% of their sales in general merchandise (GM) and health & beauty care (HBC). These stores typically carry anywhere from 15,000 to 60,000 SKUs (depending on the size of the store) and may offer a service deli, a service bakery, and/or a pharmacy e.g., <a href="/wiki/Albertsons" title="Albertsons">Albertsons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safeway" title="Safeway">Safeway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kroger" title="Kroger">Kroger</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Supermarket" title="Prime Supermarket">Prime Supermarket</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fresh format </td> <td>Different from traditional supermarkets and traditional natural food stores, fresh stores emphasize perishables and offer center-store assortments that differ from those of traditional retailers—especially in the areas of ethnic, natural, and organic, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Fresh_Market" title="The Fresh Market">The Fresh Market</a>, and some independents. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Limited-assortment store </td> <td>A low-priced grocery store that offers a limited assortment of center-store and perishable items (fewer than 2,000), e.g., <a href="/wiki/Aldi" title="Aldi">Aldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lidl" title="Lidl">Lidl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trader_Joe%27s" title="Trader Joe's">Trader Joe's</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Save-A-Lot" class="mw-redirect" title="Save-A-Lot">Save-A-Lot</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Warehouse_store" title="Warehouse store">Super warehouse</a> </td> <td>A high-volume hybrid of a large traditional supermarket and a <a href="/wiki/Warehouse_store" title="Warehouse store">warehouse store</a>. Super warehouse stores typically offer a full range of service departments, quality perishables, and reduced prices, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cub_Foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Cub Foods">Cub Foods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_4_Less" title="Food 4 Less">Food 4 Less</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Smart_%26_Final" title="Smart & Final">Smart & Final</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other (Small Grocery) </td> <td>The small corner grocery store that carries a limited selection of staples and other convenience goods. These stores generate approximately $1 million in business annually. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>Non-traditional grocery</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Warehouse_club" title="Warehouse club">Wholesale club</a> </td> <td>A membership retail/wholesale hybrid with a varied selection and limited variety of products presented in a warehouse-type environment. These approximately 120,000 square-foot stores have 60% to 70% GM/HBC and a grocery line dedicated to large sizes and bulk sales. Memberships include both business accounts and consumer groups, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Sam%27s_Club" title="Sam's Club">Sam's Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/BJ%27s_Wholesale_Club" title="BJ's Wholesale Club">BJ's</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Big-box_store" title="Big-box store">Supercenter</a> </td> <td>A hybrid of a large traditional supermarket and a mass merchandiser. Supercenters offer a wide variety of food, as well as non-food merchandise. These stores average more than 170,000 square feet and typically devote as much as 40% of the space to grocery items, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a> Supercenter, Super <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meijer" title="Meijer">Meijer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kroger" title="Kroger">Kroger</a> Marketplace. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Variety_store" title="Variety store">Dollar store</a> </td> <td>A small store format that traditionally sold staples and knickknacks, but now sales of food and consumable items at aggressive price points that account for at least 20%, and up to 66%, of their volume, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Dollar_General" title="Dollar General">Dollar General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dollar_Tree" title="Dollar Tree">Dollar Tree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Action_(store)" title="Action (store)">Action</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pep%26Co" title="Pep&Co">Pep&Co</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poundland" title="Poundland">Poundland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Family_Dollar" title="Family Dollar">Family Dollar</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pharmacy_(shop)" title="Pharmacy (shop)">Drug store</a> </td> <td>A prescription-based drug store that generates 20% or more of its total sales from consumables, general merchandise, and seasonal items. This channel includes major chain drug stores such as <a href="/wiki/Walgreens" title="Walgreens">Walgreens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dm-drogerie_markt" title="Dm-drogerie markt">DM</a>, <a href="/wiki/A.S._Watson_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="A.S. Watson Group">AS Watson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/CVS_Pharmacy" title="CVS Pharmacy">CVS</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Discount_store" title="Discount store">Mass merchandiser</a> </td> <td>A large store selling primarily hardlines, clothing, electronics, and sporting goods but also carries grocery and non-edible grocery items. This channel includes traditional <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kmart" title="Kmart">Kmart</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Military (<a href="/wiki/Defense_Commissary_Agency" title="Defense Commissary Agency">commissaries</a>) </td> <td>A format that looks like a conventional grocery store carrying groceries and consumables but is restricted to use by active or retired military personnel. Civilians may not shop at these stores (referred to as commissaries). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">E-commerce</a> (food and consumables) </td> <td>Food and consumable products ordered using the internet via any devices, regardless of the method of payment or fulfillment. This channel includes <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peapod" title="Peapod">Peapod</a> as well as the E-Commerce business generated by traditional brick & mortar retailers, e.g., Coborns (Coborns Delivers) and <a href="/wiki/ShopRite_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="ShopRite (United States)">ShopRite</a> (ShopRite Order, Pickup, Deliver and ShopRite Delivers). The other non-traditional retail segments above include their E-Commerce business. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Small_format">Small format</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Small format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neighborhood_grocery">Neighborhood grocery</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Neighborhood grocery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ashrafiya,_Amman,_Jordan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ashrafiya%2C_Amman%2C_Jordan.jpg/220px-Ashrafiya%2C_Amman%2C_Jordan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ashrafiya%2C_Amman%2C_Jordan.jpg/330px-Ashrafiya%2C_Amman%2C_Jordan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ashrafiya%2C_Amman%2C_Jordan.jpg/440px-Ashrafiya%2C_Amman%2C_Jordan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1551" data-file-height="888" /></a><figcaption>Corner stores in <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, Jordan</figcaption></figure> <p>In developing countries, often a significant portion of grocery shopping is done at so-called "mom-and-pop" (i.e., family-run), small grocery stores. 90% of the 810-billion-dollar Indian food and grocery market sales are at the 12 million small grocery stores, called <i>kirana</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-india_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-india-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, in Mexico, <i>tiendas de la esquina</i> (literally "corner stores") are still common places for people to buy groceries and sundries, even though they become less and less of the market over time.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Convenience_store">Convenience store</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Convenience store"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R-kioski_Vimpeli_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/R-kioski_Vimpeli_2016.jpg/220px-R-kioski_Vimpeli_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/R-kioski_Vimpeli_2016.jpg/330px-R-kioski_Vimpeli_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/R-kioski_Vimpeli_2016.jpg/440px-R-kioski_Vimpeli_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Convenience store in <a href="/wiki/Vimpeli" title="Vimpeli">Vimpeli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">convenience shop</a> is a small store that stocks a range of everyday items such as groceries, snack foods, candy, toiletries, soft drinks, tobacco products, and newspapers. They differ from <a href="/wiki/General_store" title="General store">general stores</a> and village shops in that they are not in a rural location and are used as a convenient supplement to larger shops. </p><p>Although larger, newer convenience stores may have quite a broad range of items, the selection is still limited compared to supermarkets, and, in many stores, only 1 or 2 choices are available. Convenience stores usually charge significantly higher prices than ordinary grocery stores or <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarkets</a>, which they make up for with convenience by serving more locations and having shorter cashier lines.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many convenience stores offer food ready to eat, such as breakfast sandwiches and other breakfast food. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Delicatessen">Delicatessen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Delicatessen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Delicatessen" title="Delicatessen">delicatessen</a> store is a type of food store where fine foods are sold. In this sense, the name is often abbreviated to <i>deli</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>delicatessen</i> means "<a href="/wiki/Delicacies" class="mw-redirect" title="Delicacies">delicacies</a>" or "fine foods". In <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, "delicatessen" originally meant only this specially prepared food. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La-pineda.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Delicatessen foods"><img alt="Delicatessen foods" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/La-pineda.jpg/120px-La-pineda.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/La-pineda.jpg/180px-La-pineda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/La-pineda.jpg/240px-La-pineda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Delicatessen" title="Delicatessen">Delicatessen</a> foods</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lozupone_katz2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Delicatessen in New York City, New York"><img alt="Delicatessen in New York City, New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Lozupone_katz2.png/120px-Lozupone_katz2.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Lozupone_katz2.png/180px-Lozupone_katz2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Lozupone_katz2.png/240px-Lozupone_katz2.png 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Delicatessen in New York City, New York</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rome_Italian_deli.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Delicatessen in a shop in Rome, Italy"><img alt="Delicatessen in a shop in Rome, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rome_Italian_deli.jpg/90px-Rome_Italian_deli.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rome_Italian_deli.jpg/135px-Rome_Italian_deli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rome_Italian_deli.jpg/180px-Rome_Italian_deli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="1417" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Delicatessen in a shop in Rome, Italy</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greengrocer">Greengrocer</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Greengrocer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Greengrocer" title="Greengrocer">greengrocer</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">retail</a> trader in <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a>; that is, in groceries that are mostly green in color.<sup id="cite_ref-IntrotoPoetry_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IntrotoPoetry-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greengrocer is primarily a <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> term, and greengrocers' shops were once common in cities, towns and villages. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miscelanea_en_Xalatlaco.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A miscelanea, a type of family-run convenience store in Mexico"><img alt="A miscelanea, a type of family-run convenience store in Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Miscelanea_en_Xalatlaco.jpg/107px-Miscelanea_en_Xalatlaco.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Miscelanea_en_Xalatlaco.jpg/161px-Miscelanea_en_Xalatlaco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Miscelanea_en_Xalatlaco.jpg/215px-Miscelanea_en_Xalatlaco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="643" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A miscelanea, a type of family-run <a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">convenience store</a> in Mexico</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Da-Lat-market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A green grocer in Vietnam"><img alt="A green grocer in Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Da-Lat-market.jpg/120px-Da-Lat-market.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Da-Lat-market.jpg/180px-Da-Lat-market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Da-Lat-market.jpg/240px-Da-Lat-market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Green_grocer" class="mw-redirect" title="Green grocer">green grocer</a> in Vietnam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tampere_TampereenKauppahalli_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A green grocers in the Tampere Market Hall"><img alt="A green grocers in the Tampere Market Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tampere_TampereenKauppahalli_01.jpg/120px-Tampere_TampereenKauppahalli_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tampere_TampereenKauppahalli_01.jpg/180px-Tampere_TampereenKauppahalli_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tampere_TampereenKauppahalli_01.jpg/240px-Tampere_TampereenKauppahalli_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A green grocers in the <a href="/wiki/Tampere_Market_Hall" title="Tampere Market Hall">Tampere Market Hall</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ethnic_market">Ethnic market</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ethnic market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some grocers specialize in the foods of certain countries or regions, such as <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Latin_American_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American culture">Latin American</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-abasto_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abasto-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian culture">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle Eastern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian food">Indian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian food">Russian</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Polish_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish culture">Polish</a>. These stores are known in the U.S. as <i>ethnic markets</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Carter_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carter-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>ethnic food markets, ethnic grocers</i>, or <i>ethnic grocery stores</i>. </p><p>Types include <a href="/wiki/Asian_supermarket" title="Asian supermarket">Asian supermarkets</a> outside of Asia, or a <a href="/wiki/Bodega_(store)" title="Bodega (store)">bodega</a> or Hispanic supermarkets in the United States or a <a href="/wiki/Toko_(shop)" title="Toko (shop)">toko</a> in the Netherlands. </p><p>A kosher supermarket or other establishment guided by religious food traditions would also typically have an association with certain ethnic cuisines, though not exclusively. </p><p>IBISWorld estimates U.S. ethnic grocery stores will make up ca. $51 billion<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in sales, 6% of the total ca. $819 billion in 2023 U.S. supermarket sales.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest such chains in 2016 were Hispanic supermarkets Superior Grocers, with an estimated $ 1.6 billion in sales and El Súper-Bodega Latina, a division of Mexico's <a href="/wiki/Chedraui" title="Chedraui">Chedraui</a> Group, with estimated sales of $1.2 billion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Health_food_store">Health food store</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Health food store"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Health_food_store" title="Health food store">health food store</a> is a type of grocery store that primarily sells <a href="/wiki/Health_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Health food">health foods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organic_food" title="Organic food">organic foods</a>, local <a href="/wiki/Produce" title="Produce">produce</a>, and often <a href="/wiki/Nutritional_supplement" class="mw-redirect" title="Nutritional supplement">nutritional supplements</a>. Health food stores typically offer a wider or more specialized selection of foods than conventional grocery stores for their customers, such as people with special dietary needs. </p><p>Health food stores became much more common in the 1960s in connection to the newly emerging <a href="/wiki/Ecology_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecology movement">ecology movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">counterculture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Milk_bar">Milk bar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Milk bar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosgiel_Knox%27s_Milk_Bar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mosgiel_Knox%27s_Milk_Bar.JPG/220px-Mosgiel_Knox%27s_Milk_Bar.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mosgiel_Knox%27s_Milk_Bar.JPG/330px-Mosgiel_Knox%27s_Milk_Bar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mosgiel_Knox%27s_Milk_Bar.JPG/440px-Mosgiel_Knox%27s_Milk_Bar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3654" data-file-height="2492" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Milk_bar" title="Milk bar">milk bar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mosgiel" title="Mosgiel">Mosgiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Milk_bar" title="Milk bar">milk bar</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Suburban" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburban">suburban</a> local <a href="/wiki/General_store" title="General store">general store</a> or café. Similar terms include <a href="/wiki/Tuck_shop" title="Tuck shop">tuck shops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delicatessen" title="Delicatessen">delicatessens</a> or "delis", and <a href="/wiki/Corner_shop" class="mw-redirect" title="Corner shop">corner shops</a>. The first business using the name "milk bar" was started in India in 1930. By the late 1940s, milk bars had evolved to include not only groceries, but also became places where young people could buy ready-made food and <a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_drink" title="Non-alcoholic drink">non-alcoholic drinks</a> and could socialise. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Large_format">Large format</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Large format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supermarket">Supermarket</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Supermarket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarket</a>, a large form of the traditional grocery store, is a <a href="/wiki/Self-service" title="Self-service">self-service</a> <a href="/wiki/Retail#Types_of_retail_outlets" title="Retail">shop</a> offering a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a> and household products organized into aisles. The supermarket typically comprises <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a>, fresh <a href="/wiki/Produce" title="Produce">produce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dairy" title="Dairy">dairy</a>, and baked goods aisles, along with shelf space reserved for canned and packaged goods as well as for various non-food items such as <a href="/wiki/Kitchenware" title="Kitchenware">kitchenware</a>, household cleaners, pharmacy products and <a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">pet</a> supplies. </p><p>Other services offered at some supermarkets may include those of <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">banks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coffeehouses" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffeehouses">cafés</a>, <a href="/wiki/Day_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Day care">childcare centres/creches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photographic_processing" title="Photographic processing">photo processing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_rental" class="mw-redirect" title="Video rental">video rentals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy_(shop)" title="Pharmacy (shop)">pharmacies</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Petrol_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrol station">petrol stations</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Supermarkt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The produce section in a supermarket"><img alt="The produce section in a supermarket" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Supermarkt.jpg/120px-Supermarkt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Supermarkt.jpg/180px-Supermarkt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Supermarkt.jpg/240px-Supermarkt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Produce" title="Produce">produce</a> section in a <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarket</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trader_Joe%27s_at_the_Hampshire_Mall.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Store in Hadley, Massachusetts."><img alt="Store in Hadley, Massachusetts." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Trader_Joe%27s_at_the_Hampshire_Mall.JPG/120px-Trader_Joe%27s_at_the_Hampshire_Mall.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Trader_Joe%27s_at_the_Hampshire_Mall.JPG/180px-Trader_Joe%27s_at_the_Hampshire_Mall.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Trader_Joe%27s_at_the_Hampshire_Mall.JPG/240px-Trader_Joe%27s_at_the_Hampshire_Mall.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Store in <a href="/wiki/Hadley,_Massachusetts" title="Hadley, Massachusetts">Hadley, Massachusetts</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%B5hja_Rimi.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Supermarket in Tallinn, Estonia."><img alt="Supermarket in Tallinn, Estonia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/P%C3%B5hja_Rimi.JPG/120px-P%C3%B5hja_Rimi.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/P%C3%B5hja_Rimi.JPG/180px-P%C3%B5hja_Rimi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/P%C3%B5hja_Rimi.JPG/240px-P%C3%B5hja_Rimi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rimi_Baltic" title="Rimi Baltic">Supermarket</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hypermarket">Hypermarket</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Hypermarket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hypermarkets" title="List of hypermarkets">List of hypermarkets</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Hypermarket" title="Hypermarket">hypermarket</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Big-box_store" title="Big-box store">superstore</a> combining a <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarket</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">department store</a>. The result is an expansive <a href="/wiki/Retailing" class="mw-redirect" title="Retailing">retail</a> facility carrying a wide range of products under one roof, including a full groceries line and <a href="/wiki/Product_(business)" title="Product (business)">general merchandise</a>. Another category of stores sometimes included in the hypermarket category is the membership-based <a href="/wiki/Wholesale" class="mw-redirect" title="Wholesale">wholesale</a> <a href="/wiki/Warehouse_club" title="Warehouse club">warehouse clubs</a> that are popular in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fredmeyer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Packaged food aisles in a Fred Meyer, a hypermarket chain in the Pacific Northwest."><img alt="Packaged food aisles in a Fred Meyer, a hypermarket chain in the Pacific Northwest." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Fredmeyer.jpg/120px-Fredmeyer.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Fredmeyer.jpg/180px-Fredmeyer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Fredmeyer.jpg/240px-Fredmeyer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1853" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Packaged_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Packaged food">Packaged food</a> aisles in a <a href="/wiki/Fred_Meyer" title="Fred Meyer">Fred Meyer</a>, a hypermarket chain in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prisma_Helsingin_Malmilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The entrance of the hypermarket in Malmi, Helsinki, Finland"><img alt="The entrance of the hypermarket in Malmi, Helsinki, Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Prisma_Helsingin_Malmilla.jpg/120px-Prisma_Helsingin_Malmilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Prisma_Helsingin_Malmilla.jpg/180px-Prisma_Helsingin_Malmilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Prisma_Helsingin_Malmilla.jpg/240px-Prisma_Helsingin_Malmilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The entrance of the <a href="/wiki/S_Group" title="S Group">hypermarket</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malmi,_Helsinki" title="Malmi, Helsinki">Malmi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic">Electronic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Electronic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FreshDirect_truck_with_Common_Pantry_Seal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/FreshDirect_truck_with_Common_Pantry_Seal.jpg/220px-FreshDirect_truck_with_Common_Pantry_Seal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/FreshDirect_truck_with_Common_Pantry_Seal.jpg/330px-FreshDirect_truck_with_Common_Pantry_Seal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/FreshDirect_truck_with_Common_Pantry_Seal.jpg/440px-FreshDirect_truck_with_Common_Pantry_Seal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2907" data-file-height="2180" /></a><figcaption>Online grocer delivery truck</figcaption></figure><p> An <a href="/wiki/Online_grocer" title="Online grocer">online grocer</a> is a recent phenomenon that has developed as a type of <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">e-commerce</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several online grocery stores exist, one of the oldest available in the U.S. being <a href="/wiki/Peapod" title="Peapod">Peapod</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nowadays, many online grocery stores such as Netgrocer, MyBrands, Efooddepot and many more that all aim to provide quality food products with timely delivery and convenience of ordering online.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other large retailers in the U.S. have started similar models, including <a href="/wiki/AmazonFresh" class="mw-redirect" title="AmazonFresh">AmazonFresh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Pantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Prime Pantry">Prime Pantry</a>, both run by <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a>'s To-Go service, and smaller companies like Yummy.com and RelayFoods.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the U.S., sales from online grocers in 2013 were $15 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Online grocery stores are more popular in Europe, where sales from 2012 in Britain alone were €7.1 billion, and in certain markets are projected to double from 2012 to 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_variations">Regional variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Regional variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains" title="List of supermarket chains">List of supermarket chains</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Generalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section focuses only on <b>one specialized aspect of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit">improve this article</a> by adding general information and discuss at the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Grocery_store" title="Talk:Grocery store">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2014</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Larger grocer complexes that include other facilities, such as <a href="/wiki/Petrol_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrol station">petrol stations</a>, are especially common in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, where major chains such as <a href="/wiki/Sainsbury%27s" title="Sainsbury's">Sainsbury's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a> have many locations operating under this format. Traditional shops throughout <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> have been preserved because of their history and their classic appearance. They are sometimes still found in rural areas, although they are rapidly disappearing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grocery stores in <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> have been growing fast since the early 1980s. A large percentage of food sales and other articles take place in grocery stores today. Some examples are the <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chilean</a> chains <a href="/wiki/Cencosud" title="Cencosud">Cencosud</a> (Jumbo and Santa Isabel covering <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>), <a href="/wiki/Walmart_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Walmart Chile">Walmart</a> (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADder" title="Líder">Lider</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekono (page does not exist)">Ekono</a>) as well as <a href="/wiki/Falabella_(retail_store)" title="Falabella (retail store)">Falabella</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tottus" title="Tottus">Tottus</a> in Chile and Peru and Supermercados San Francisco in Chile). These three chains are subsidiaries of large retail companies which also have other kinds of business units, such as department stores and home improvement outlets. All three also operate their own credit cards, which are a key driver for sales, and they also sell insurance and operate travel agencies. These companies also run some malls in countries such as Argentina, Chile, Peru and Colombia. </p><p>Two other chains started in 2008: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unimarc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unimarc (page does not exist)">Unimarc</a>, which bought several small local chains and has over 20% of the grocery segment in Chile; and Southern Cross, a Chilean Investment Fund that has around 8.6% of the supermarket segment, mainly oriented to the southern areas of the country. In <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, popular grocery stores include <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Supermarkets" title="Pueblo Supermarkets">Pueblo Supermarkets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amigo_Supermarkets" title="Amigo Supermarkets">Amigo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some countries such as the United States, grocery stores descended from <a href="/wiki/Trading_post" title="Trading post">trading posts</a>, which sold not only food but clothing, furniture, household items, tools, and other miscellaneous merchandise. These trading posts evolved into larger retail businesses known as <a href="/wiki/General_store" title="General store">general stores</a>. These facilities generally dealt only in "dry" goods such as <a href="/wiki/Baking_soda" class="mw-redirect" title="Baking soda">baking soda</a>, canned foods, dry beans, and flour. Consumers obtained perishable foods from specialty markets, such as fresh meat or sausages from a <a href="/wiki/Butcher" title="Butcher">butcher</a> and milk from a local <a href="/wiki/Dairy" title="Dairy">dairy</a>, while eggs and vegetables were either produced by families themselves, bartered for with neighbors, or purchased at a <a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_market" title="Farmers' market">farmers' market</a> or a local <a href="/wiki/Greengrocer" title="Greengrocer">greengrocer</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the US, there are many larger <a href="/wiki/Chain_store" title="Chain store">chain stores</a>, but there are also many small chains and independent grocery stores. About 11% of groceries are sold by a grocery store that is either independent or in a chain of just one, two, or three stores, making the independent stores, taken collectively, bigger than the biggest chains.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most food in the US is bought at traditional <a href="/wiki/Brick_and_mortar" title="Brick and mortar">brick-and-mortar</a> grocery stores.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2019, about 3% of food was bought from an online retailer such as Amazon.com.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The economic trends affecting grocery stores include: </p> <ul><li>In every decade since the 1960s, Americans have spent an increasing share of their money on eating at restaurants, which reduces their need to buy groceries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Groceries are sold by many other stores, such as <a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">convenience stores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drug_stores" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug stores">drug stores</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dollar_stores" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollar stores">dollar stores</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Retail_channel_blurring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retail channel blurring (page does not exist)">retail channel blurring</a> is that even when people are buying groceries, only about half of them are buying groceries from a grocery store.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Online sales of food are small but increasing. People who buy groceries from an internet retailer or a <a href="/wiki/Meal_kit" title="Meal kit">meal kit</a> company have less need to buy groceries from a grocery store.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>People want to buy foods that reflect local and regional specialties. Sales of national brands, such as <a href="/wiki/Nabisco" title="Nabisco">Nabisco</a> cookies and crackers, have declined, and the companies have responded by changing their marketing approach. The reduction in advertising has resulted in fewer sales at the grocery store.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food_marketing">Food marketing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Food marketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grocery_Store_display-1967-14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Grocery_Store_display-1967-14.jpg/220px-Grocery_Store_display-1967-14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Grocery_Store_display-1967-14.jpg/330px-Grocery_Store_display-1967-14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Grocery_Store_display-1967-14.jpg/440px-Grocery_Store_display-1967-14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="1387" /></a><figcaption>Grocery store display in 1967</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Food_marketing" title="Food marketing">Food marketing</a> brings together the producer and the consumer. It is the chain of activities that brings food from "farm gate to plate".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The marketing of even a single food product can be a complicated process involving many producers and companies. For example, 56 companies are involved in making one can of chicken noodle soup.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These businesses include not only chicken and vegetable processors, but also the companies that transport the ingredients and those who print labels and manufacture cans.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The food marketing system is the largest direct and indirect non-government employer in the United States. </p><p>In the pre-modern era, the sale of surplus food took place once a week when farmers took their wares on market day into the local village marketplace. Here food was sold to <a href="/wiki/Grocer" class="mw-redirect" title="Grocer">grocers</a> for sale in their local shops for purchase by local consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-silhnc_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silhnc-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jango_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jango-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the onset of industrialization and the development of the food processing industry, a wider range of food could be sold and distributed in distant locations. Typically, early grocery shops would be counter-based where purchasers told the shop-keeper what they wanted and the shop-keeper would get it for them.<sup id="cite_ref-silhnc_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silhnc-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarkets</a> were born. Supermarkets brought with them a <a href="/wiki/Self_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Self service">self service</a> approach to shopping using <a href="/wiki/Shopping_cart" title="Shopping cart">shopping carts</a>, and were able to offer quality food at lower cost through <a href="/wiki/Economies_of_scale" title="Economies of scale">economies of scale</a> and reduced staffing costs. In the latter part of the 20th century, this has been further revolutionized by the development of vast warehouse-sized, out-of-town supermarkets, selling a wide range of food from around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike food processors, food retailing is a two-tier market in which a small number of very large <a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">companies</a> control a large proportion of supermarkets. The supermarket giants wield great purchasing power over farmers and processors, and strong influence over consumers. Less than 10% of <a href="/wiki/Consumer_spending" title="Consumer spending">consumer spending</a> on food goes to farmers, with larger percentages going to <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a>, transportation, and intermediate corporations.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prices">Prices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Prices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Food_prices" title="Food prices">Food prices</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_vs._fuel" title="Food vs. fuel">Food vs. fuel</a></div> <p>It was reported on March 24, 2008, that consumers worldwide faced rising food prices.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn24march2008_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn24march2008-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reasons for this development include changes in the weather and dramatic changes in the <a href="/wiki/Global_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Global economy">global economy</a> including higher <a href="/wiki/Oil_price" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil price">oil prices</a>, lower food reserves, and growing consumer demand in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn24march2008_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn24march2008-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The US Labor Department has calculated that food purchased at home and in restaurants is 13% of household purchases, behind 32% for housing and 18% for transportation. The average US family spent $280 per month or $3,305 per year at grocery stores in 2004. The newsletter Dollar Stretcher survey estimated $149 a month for a single person, $257 for a couple and $396 for a family of four.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food_waste">Food waste</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Food waste"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Food_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Food waste">Food waste</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Food_waste_in_a_blue_waste_container.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Food_waste_in_a_blue_waste_container.jpg/220px-Food_waste_in_a_blue_waste_container.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Food_waste_in_a_blue_waste_container.jpg/330px-Food_waste_in_a_blue_waste_container.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Food_waste_in_a_blue_waste_container.jpg/440px-Food_waste_in_a_blue_waste_container.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Food waste in container</figcaption></figure><p>As of 2011, 1.3 billion tons of food, about one third of the global food production, are lost or wasted annually. The <a href="/wiki/USDA" class="mw-redirect" title="USDA">USDA</a> estimates that 27% of food is lost annually.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed countries</a> which operate either <a href="/wiki/Commercial_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial agriculture">commercial</a> or <a href="/wiki/Industrial_agriculture" title="Industrial agriculture">industrial agriculture</a>, food waste can occur at most stages of the <a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">food industry</a> and in significant amounts.<sup id="cite_ref-kantor3_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kantor3-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">Packaging</a> protects food from damage during its transportation from farms and factories via warehouses to retailing, as well as preserving its freshness upon arrival.<sup id="cite_ref-defrapack_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defrapack-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it avoids considerable food waste,<sup id="cite_ref-defrapack_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defrapack-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> packaging can compromise efforts to reduce food waste in other ways, such as by contaminating waste that could be used for animal feedstocks.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Retail stores can throw away large quantities of food. Usually, this consists of items that have reached either their <a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">best before, sell-by or use-by dates.</a> Food that passed the best before, and sell-by date, and even some food that passed the use-by date is still edible at the time of disposal, but stores have widely varying policies to handle the excess food. Some stores put effort into preventing access to poor or homeless people while others work with charitable organizations to distribute food. </p><p>Retailers also contribute to waste as a result of their contractual arrangements with suppliers. Failure to supply agreed quantities renders farmers or processors liable to have their contracts cancelled. As a consequence, they plan to produce more than actually required to meet the contract, to have a margin of error. Surplus production is often simply disposed of.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some grocery stores donate leftover food (for example, <a href="/wiki/Delicatessen" title="Delicatessen">deli foods</a> and bread past their expiration date) to <a href="/wiki/Homeless_shelters" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeless shelters">homeless shelters</a> or charity kitchens.<sup id="cite_ref-Werner_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werner-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest_against_food_waste,_Berlin,_Germany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Protest_against_food_waste%2C_Berlin%2C_Germany.jpg/220px-Protest_against_food_waste%2C_Berlin%2C_Germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Protest_against_food_waste%2C_Berlin%2C_Germany.jpg/330px-Protest_against_food_waste%2C_Berlin%2C_Germany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Protest_against_food_waste%2C_Berlin%2C_Germany.jpg/440px-Protest_against_food_waste%2C_Berlin%2C_Germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Protest against food waste, Berlin, Germany</figcaption></figure><p>The European Union claimed 2014 to be "Year Against Food Waste".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contracts that most retailers had signed required that food would be of a certain quality. With this recent socio-political change, food such as non-round tomatoes and apples with blemishes had a new market. <a href="/wiki/Intermarch%C3%A9" title="Intermarché">Intermarche</a>, France's third-largest supermarket launched its "inglorious fruits and vegetables" campaign in order to reduce waste. This, fruits and vegetables, waste reduction strategy has shown great promise towards this EU proposed campaign. These products are sold at a reduced price compared to the perfectionist campaign showing a 24% increase in sales. Fruta Feia a Portuguese retailer ran a similar business strategy with comparable success. </p><p>A 2021 analysis by the United Nations Environment Programme found that food waste was a challenge in all countries and economic levels, excluding food lost during production.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This study estimated global food waste at 931 million tonnes (around 121 kg per person) across three sectors: households (61%), food service (26%), and retail (13%).<sup id="cite_ref-:11_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Food waste contributes significantly to agriculture's impact on climate change, responsible for 3.3 billion tons of CO<sub>2</sub>e emissions annually,<sup id="cite_ref-:15_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with other environmental concerns like land use, water consumption, and biodiversity loss. Preventing food waste is a top priority, followed by surplus food reuse through methods like donations. Strategies then include animal feed, nutrient recycling, and energy recovery, with landfill being the least preferred due to methane emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The UN's Sustainable Development Goal Target 12.3 aims to cut global per capita food waste by 50% at retail, consumer levels, and throughout production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses, by <a href="/wiki/2030" class="mw-redirect" title="2030">2030</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">Climate change mitigation</a> efforts emphasize reducing food waste,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardian_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as demonstrated by the 2022 UN Biodiversity Conference's agreement among nations to achieve a 50% reduction in food waste by <a href="/wiki/2030" class="mw-redirect" title="2030">2030</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CBD_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBD-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-independent_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ShoppingCart.svg/32px-ShoppingCart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ShoppingCart.svg/48px-ShoppingCart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ShoppingCart.svg/64px-ShoppingCart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="185" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Supermarkets" title="Portal:Supermarkets">Supermarkets portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big-box_store" title="Big-box store">Big-box store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_foods" title="Bulk foods">Bulk foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_cooperative" title="Food cooperative">Food cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_store" title="General store">General store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grocers" title="List of grocers">List of grocers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_cooperatives" title="List of food cooperatives">List of food cooperatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hypermarkets" title="List of hypermarkets">List of hypermarkets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains" title="List of supermarket chains">List of supermarket chains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_convenience_stores" title="List of convenience stores">List of convenience stores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_superstores" title="List of superstores">List of superstores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-service" title="Self-service">Self-service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_box_scheme" title="Vegetable box scheme">Vegetable box scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greengrocer" title="Greengrocer">Greengrocer</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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"[T]he farmer's share of the food dollar (after paying for input costs) has steadily declined from about 40 percent in 1910 to less than 10 percent in 1990."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn24march2008-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnn24march2008_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn24march2008_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Food prices rising across the world", CNN. 24 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20020925042819/http%3A//www.stretcher.com/stories/990705a.cfm">"Grocery Spending Survey"</a>. Stretcher.com. 20 June 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stretcher.com/stories/990705a.cfm">the original</a> on 25 September 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grocery+Spending+Survey&rft.pub=Stretcher.com&rft.date=2006-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stretcher.com%2Fstories%2F990705a.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrocery+store" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070317040408/http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/FoodReview/Jan1997/Jan97a.pdf">"Estimating and Addressing America's Food Losses"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Making+the+most+of+packaging%2C+A+strategy+for+a+low-carbon+economy&rft.pub=Defra&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defra.gov.uk%2Fenvironment%2Fwaste%2Fproducer%2Fpackaging%2Fdocuments%2Fexcec-summary-pack-strategy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrocery+store" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2006" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, Gordon L. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NFRR6GayR74C&pg=PA1"><i>Food packaging: principles and practice</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-3775-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-3775-8"><bdi>978-0-8493-3775-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+packaging%3A+principles+and+practice&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-3775-8&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Gordon+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNFRR6GayR74C%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrocery+store" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.organics-recycling.org.uk/uploads/article1762/Wrap%20Report%20on%20Food%20Waste%20Depackaging.pdf">"Review of Food Waste Depackaging Equipment"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Waste_and_Resources_Action_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste and Resources Action Programme">Waste and Resources Action Programme</a> (WRAP). 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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United Nations Environment Programme. 4 March 2021. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-807-3851-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-807-3851-3"><bdi>978-92-807-3851-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201175514/https://www.unep.org/resources/report/unep-food-waste-index-report-2021">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fao.org&rft.atitle=FAO+-+News+Article%3A+Food+wastage%3A+Key+facts+and+figures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fnews%2Fstory%2Fen%2Fitem%2F196402%2Ficode%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrocery+store" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-food-wastage-idUKBRE98A0E920130911">"A third of food is wasted, making it third-biggest carbon emitter, U.N. says"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 11 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210607154048/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-food-wastage-idUKBRE98A0E920130911">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=A+third+of+food+is+wasted%2C+making+it+third-biggest+carbon+emitter%2C+U.N.+says&rft.date=2013-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-food-wastage-idUKBRE98A0E920130911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrocery+store" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUS_EPA2015" class="citation web cs1">US EPA, OLEM (12 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/sustainable-management-food/food-recovery-hierarchy">"Food Recovery Hierarchy"</a>. <i>www.epa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523060937/https://www.epa.gov/sustainable-management-food/food-recovery-hierarchy">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.epa.gov&rft.atitle=Food+Recovery+Hierarchy&rft.date=2015-08-12&rft.aulast=US+EPA&rft.aufirst=OLEM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fsustainable-management-food%2Ffood-recovery-hierarchy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrocery+store" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:17_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, <a href="/wiki/File:A_RES_71_313_E.pdf" title="File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf">Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313">A/RES/71/313</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023121826/https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313">Archived</a> 2020-10-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drawdown.org/solutions/reduced-food-waste/technical-summary">"Reduced Food Waste"</a>. <i>Project Drawdown</i>. 12 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200924152831/https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/reduced-food-waste/technical-summary">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Project+Drawdown&rft.atitle=Reduced+Food+Waste&rft.date=2020-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrawdown.org%2Fsolutions%2Freduced-food-waste%2Ftechnical-summary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrocery+store" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuliette_Jowit2007" class="citation web cs1">Juliette Jowit (28 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2007/oct/28/food.foodanddrink">"Call to use leftovers and cut food waste"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117133103/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2007/oct/28/food.foodanddrink">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Call+to+use+leftovers+and+cut+food+waste&rft.date=2007-10-28&rft.au=Juliette+Jowit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2007%2Foct%2F28%2Ffood.foodanddrink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrocery+store" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBD-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBD_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbd.int/article/cop15-cbd-press-release-final-19dec2022">"COP15: NATIONS ADOPT FOUR GOALS, 23 TARGETS FOR 2030 IN LANDMARK UN BIODIVERSITY AGREEMENT"</a>. <i>Convention on Biological Diversity</i>. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221220055316/https://www.cbd.int/article/cop15-cbd-press-release-final-19dec2022">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Convention+on+Biological+Diversity&rft.atitle=COP15%3A+NATIONS+ADOPT+FOUR+GOALS%2C+23+TARGETS+FOR+2030+IN+LANDMARK+UN+BIODIVERSITY+AGREEMENT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbd.int%2Farticle%2Fcop15-cbd-press-release-final-19dec2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrocery+store" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-independent_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/britains-colossal-food-waste-is-stoking-climate-change-398664.html">"Britain's colossal food waste is stoking climate change"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025215750/http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/britains-colossal-food-waste-is-stoking-climate-change-398664.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Britain%27s+colossal+food+waste+is+stoking+climate+change&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fenvironment%2Fclimate-change%2Fbritains-colossal-food-waste-is-stoking-climate-change-398664.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrocery+store" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Deutsch, Tracey. <i>Building a Housewife's Paradise: Gender, Politics, and American Grocery Stores in the Twentieth Century</i> (2010)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayo1993" class="citation book cs1">Mayo, James M. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3OKRAAAAIAAJ"><i>The American grocery store: the business evolution of an architectural space</i></a>. Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313265208" title="Special:BookSources/0313265208"><bdi>0313265208</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+grocery+store%3A+the+business+evolution+of+an+architectural+space&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0313265208&rft.aulast=Mayo&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3OKRAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrocery+store" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Nebraska Jewish Historical Society. <i>Mom and Pop Grocery Stores</i> (2011)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaijas2002" class="citation journal cs1">Raijas, Anu (March 2002). "The consumer benefits and problems in the electronic grocery store". <i>Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services</i>. <b>9</b> (2): 107–113. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0969-6989%2801%2900024-8">10.1016/S0969-6989(01)00024-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0969-6989">0969-6989</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Retailing+and+Consumer+Services&rft.atitle=The+consumer+benefits+and+problems+in+the+electronic+grocery+store&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=107-113&rft.date=2002-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0969-6989%2801%2900024-8&rft.issn=0969-6989&rft.aulast=Raijas&rft.aufirst=Anu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrocery+store" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Spellman, Susan V. <i>Cornering the market: Independent grocers and innovation in American small business, 1860–1940</i> (Oxford University press, 2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gradworks.umi.com/33/53/3353011.html">online dissertation version 2009</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grocery_store&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grocery_stores" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Grocery stores">Grocery stores</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grocery" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:grocery"><i>grocer</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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