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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Controlling the yard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controlling_the_yard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Going_aloft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Going_aloft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Going aloft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Going_aloft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Setting_square_sails" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Setting_square_sails"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Setting square sails</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Setting_square_sails-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manning_the_yards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manning_the_yards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Manning the yards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manning_the_yards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fore_and_aft_yards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fore_and_aft_yards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Fore and aft yards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fore_and_aft_yards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Sun_over_the_yardarm"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Sun_over_the_yardarm""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>"Sun over the yardarm"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Sun_over_the_yardarm"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_yardarm's_use_in_maritime_punishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_yardarm's_use_in_maritime_punishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>The yardarm's use in maritime punishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_yardarm's_use_in_maritime_punishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul 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href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8F_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Рея (корабоплаване) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рея (корабоплаване)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verga" title="Verga – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Verga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1hno" title="Ráhno – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ráhno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A5_(skibsterminologi)" title="Rå (skibsterminologi) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rå (skibsterminologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rah" title="Rah – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rah" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raa" title="Raa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Raa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verga_(n%C3%A1utica)" title="Verga (náutica) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Verga (náutica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardo_(%C5%9Dipero)" title="Jardo (ŝipero) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jardo (ŝipero)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belazurrun" title="Belazurrun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Belazurrun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vergue" title="Vergue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vergue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yardo" title="Yardo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yardo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangga_mara" title="Sangga mara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sangga mara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1_(rei%C3%B0ab%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur)" title="Rá (reiðabúnaður) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rá (reiðabúnaður)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennone" title="Pennone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pennone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra_(zeil)" title="Ra (zeil) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ra (zeil)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A5" title="Rå – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rå" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A8rga" title="Vèrga – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vèrga" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reja" title="Reja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Reja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verga" title="Verga – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Verga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD)" title="Рей (морской термин) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рей (морской термин)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahno" title="Rahno – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rahno" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A5_(rigg)" title="Rå (rigg) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rå (rigg)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Рея (морська справа) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рея (морська справа)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q663616#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sail-carrying part of the rigging of a sailing ship</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yard_(sailing)" title="Special:EditPage/Yard (sailing)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Yard%22+sailing">"Yard" sailing</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Yard%22+sailing+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Yard%22+sailing&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Yard%22+sailing+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Yard%22+sailing">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Yard%22+sailing&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CrewOnRoyalYard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/CrewOnRoyalYard.jpg/220px-CrewOnRoyalYard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/CrewOnRoyalYard.jpg/330px-CrewOnRoyalYard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/CrewOnRoyalYard.jpg/440px-CrewOnRoyalYard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The fore royal yard on the <i><a href="/wiki/PNS_Rah_Naward" title="PNS Rah Naward">Prince William</a></i>. <i>Prince William'</i>s royal yards are the highest and smallest yards on the ship, are made of wood, and are "lifting yards" that can be raised along a section of the mast. Here it is in the lowered position.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>yard</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Spar_(sailing)" title="Spar (sailing)">spar</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Mast_(sailing)" title="Mast (sailing)">mast</a> from which <a href="/wiki/Sail" title="Sail">sails</a> are set. It may be constructed of timber or steel or from more modern materials such as <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> or <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon fibre">carbon fibre</a>. Although some types of <a href="/wiki/Fore_and_aft" class="mw-redirect" title="Fore and aft">fore and aft</a> rigs have yards, the term is usually used to describe the horizontal spars used on <a href="/wiki/Square_rig" title="Square rig">square rigged</a> sails.<sup id="cite_ref-poa_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, for some decades after square sails were generally dispensed with, some yards were retained for deploying wireless (radio) aerials and signal flags. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parts_of_the_yard">Parts of the yard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard_(sailing)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Parts of the yard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TopGallantYard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/TopGallantYard.jpg/220px-TopGallantYard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/TopGallantYard.jpg/330px-TopGallantYard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/TopGallantYard.jpg/440px-TopGallantYard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A view of <i><a href="/wiki/Stavros_S_Niarchos" title="Stavros S Niarchos">Stavros S Niarchos</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s main-topgallant yard shortly after maintenance, clearly showing its various parts. On relatively "modern" late-nineteenth-century rigs like this, the <b>quarters</b> make up almost all of it. Click the picture for more details.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Bunt</dt> <dd>The short section of the yard between the <i>slings</i> that attach it to the mast.</dd> <dt>Quarters</dt> <dd>The port and starboard quarters form the bulk of the yard, extending from the slings to the fittings for the lifts and <a href="/wiki/Braces_(sailing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Braces (sailing)">braces</a>.</dd> <dt>Yardarms</dt> <dd>The outermost tips of the yard: outboard from the attachments for the lifts.<sup id="cite_ref-poa_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Note that these terms refer to stretches of the same spar, not to separate component parts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controlling_the_yard">Controlling the yard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard_(sailing)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Controlling the yard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GearAtYardarm.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/GearAtYardarm.png/220px-GearAtYardarm.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/GearAtYardarm.png/330px-GearAtYardarm.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/GearAtYardarm.png/440px-GearAtYardarm.png 2x" data-file-width="2059" data-file-height="1546" /></a><figcaption>Various items of gear attached to <i><a href="/wiki/Stavros_S_Niarchos_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavros S Niarchos (ship)">Stavros S Niarchos</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s lower topsail yard. Click on the image to read the labels.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Square_rigged_ship_yards.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Square_rigged_ship_yards.JPG/220px-Square_rigged_ship_yards.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Square_rigged_ship_yards.JPG/330px-Square_rigged_ship_yards.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Square_rigged_ship_yards.JPG/440px-Square_rigged_ship_yards.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2648" data-file-height="1592" /></a><figcaption>The yards are mounted on the mast in such a fashion as to allow free movement under the control of lifts and braces. The sail on this yard is "in its gear" (see <b>Setting</b> section)—it is hanging below the yard but still folded up rather than spread to the wind.</figcaption></figure> <p>The yard can rotate around the mast to allow the direction of the vessel to be changed relative to the wind. When running directly downwind the yards are 'squared', pointing horizontal to the ship's centre line. As the ship is steered closer to the wind the yards are braced round using the <a href="/wiki/Brace_(sailing)" title="Brace (sailing)">braces</a>. When further rotation is obstructed by other bits of <a href="/wiki/Rigging" title="Rigging">rigging</a> (typically the <a href="/wiki/Shroud_(sailing)" title="Shroud (sailing)">shrouds</a>), the yard is said to be braced "hard round" or "sharp up", as in "sharp up to port". This angle (normally about 60 degrees) limits how close to the wind a square rigged ship can sail. </p><p>The yards represent a considerable weight high above the vessel's centre of gravity; to increase stability, especially in heavy weather, some means is normally provided to lower some of the yards when they are not being used to set sails. In nineteenth-century warships (where a large crew was available) this was generally by physically "sending down" the upper yards from the masts and storing them on deck—along with, in many cases, the upper sections of the mast itself. Merchant ships in the age of sail would also do this before sailing in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a>. On modern <a href="/wiki/Tall_ship" title="Tall ship">tall ships</a> the yards are not designed to be sent down on deck, but 'lifting yards' that can be raised and lowered along a short section of mast using a <a href="/wiki/Halyard" title="Halyard">halyard</a> are often used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Going_aloft">Going aloft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard_(sailing)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Going aloft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order to set and stow the square sails, the crew must climb aloft and spread out along the yards. To do this, they stand in <a href="/wiki/Footrope" title="Footrope">footropes</a> suspended beneath the yard and balance themselves between that and the yard itself. The person working on the end of the yardarm has a separate footrope known as the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_horse_(rigging)" title="Flemish horse (rigging)">flemish horse</a>. <i>Jackstays</i> run along the top of the yard. The sail will be bent on to one of them, but a second one is often provided (particularly on larger yards) for the crew to hold on to. These are usually steel rods, but stiff cordage stretched between the yardarms was used in the past. </p><p>Almost all ships used in modern times are fitted with steel safety wires (sometimes erroneously called jackstays) along the yards to which sailors attach themselves using a <a href="/wiki/Safety_harness" title="Safety harness">harness</a>. This is a relatively recent innovation. <a href="/wiki/Windjammer" title="Windjammer">Cargo-carrying</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ship_of_the_line" title="Ship of the line">naval</a> sailing ships were not so equipped and falling from the yard represented a real risk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Setting_square_sails">Setting square sails</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard_(sailing)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Setting square sails"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StowingForeCourse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/27/StowingForeCourse.jpg/220px-StowingForeCourse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/27/StowingForeCourse.jpg/330px-StowingForeCourse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/27/StowingForeCourse.jpg/440px-StowingForeCourse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The fore course is stowed neatly on top of its yard. On the <i>Prince William</i> this yard is made of steel, does not lift, and weighs around two tons. The two people higher up are working on the fore lower topsail yard. Here, the sails are bent only to the yards' quarters and the yardarms are very short.</figcaption></figure> <p>The yard exists to allow square sails to be set to drive the ship. The top edge of the sail is 'bent on' (attached) to the yard semi-permanently. <a href="/wiki/Clewlines_and_buntlines" title="Clewlines and buntlines">Clewlines and buntlines</a> are led along the yard and from there to the mast and down to the deck. These allow the bottom of the sail to be hoisted up to the yard, so the sail is effectively folded in two. In this state the sail is said to be "in its gear", that is ready for setting or stowing. To set the sail the clewlines and buntlines are let go, and the <a href="/wiki/Sheet_(sailing)" title="Sheet (sailing)">sheets</a> (attached to the bottom corners, or clews, of the sail) are adjusted to shape the sail to best catch the wind. A device called a "tye", a "tye chain", or a "tye rope" is used for lifting a given yard to the top of its travel to set the sail. </p><p>To stop using (i.e., to "hand") the sail, the sheets are released and the clewlines and buntlines are pulled tight. The sail folds in half—back in its gear—and so no longer catches the wind. Unless the sail is to be used again very soon, the next step is to "stow" it. To do this, the crew must go out along the yard in order to bundle the sail up tightly and tie it down with <a href="/wiki/Gasket_(sailing)" title="Gasket (sailing)">gaskets</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="man_the_yards"></span> <span class="anchor" id="manned_the_yards"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manning_the_yards">Manning the yards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard_(sailing)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Manning the yards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Columbus_(1819)_manning_the_yards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/USS_Columbus_%281819%29_manning_the_yards.jpg/220px-USS_Columbus_%281819%29_manning_the_yards.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/USS_Columbus_%281819%29_manning_the_yards.jpg/330px-USS_Columbus_%281819%29_manning_the_yards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/USS_Columbus_%281819%29_manning_the_yards.jpg/440px-USS_Columbus_%281819%29_manning_the_yards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption>An 1847 illustration of men manning the yards aboard the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> 74-gun <a href="/wiki/Ship_of_the_line" title="Ship of the line">ship of the line</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Columbus_(1819)" title="USS Columbus (1819)">USS <i>Columbus</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>When coming into port, especially during the <a href="/wiki/Cutty_Sark_Tall_Ships%27_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutty Sark Tall Ships' Race">Tall Ships' Races</a> many modern square riggers will 'man the yards'. All the crew not required on deck to handle the ship will go aloft and spread out along the yards. This manoeuvre was originally used to display the whole crew to the harbour authorities and the other ships present, to show that the ship's guns were not manned and hence her intentions were peaceful. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Manning_the_rail" title="Manning the rail">Manning the rail</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fore_and_aft_yards">Fore and aft yards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard_(sailing)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fore and aft yards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As well as the <a href="/wiki/Square-rig" class="mw-redirect" title="Square-rig">square-rig</a> yard, the traditional <a href="/wiki/Lateen" title="Lateen">lateen</a> rig is a triangular sail rigged fore and aft from a long yard mounted at an angle (downward sloping forward) from the mast. As well, some smaller <a href="/wiki/Fore_and_aft" class="mw-redirect" title="Fore and aft">fore and aft</a> rigs use a yard. The spar at the head of a <a href="/wiki/Lug_sail" title="Lug sail">lug sail</a> – a roughly square sail which is set fore-and-aft but requires different handling from a more modern gaff or Bermuda rig – is known as a yard, and probably developed from the original square-rig yard. The spar at the head of a <a href="/wiki/Gunter_rig" title="Gunter rig">gunter</a>-rigged sail serves the function of a running topmast, but is not given that name. Some would call it a 'gaff', while others would use the name 'yard'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Sun_over_the_yardarm""><span id=".22Sun_over_the_yardarm.22"></span>"Sun over the yardarm"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard_(sailing)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: "Sun over the yardarm""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garthsnaid_-_SLV_H91.250-933.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Garthsnaid_-_SLV_H91.250-933.jpg/220px-Garthsnaid_-_SLV_H91.250-933.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Garthsnaid_-_SLV_H91.250-933.jpg/330px-Garthsnaid_-_SLV_H91.250-933.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Garthsnaid_-_SLV_H91.250-933.jpg/440px-Garthsnaid_-_SLV_H91.250-933.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2914" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Ship <i>Garthsnaid</i> at sea</figcaption></figure> <p>This phrase is used, both afloat and ashore, to indicate that the time of day has been reached at which it is acceptable, variously, to have <a href="/wiki/Lunch" title="Lunch">lunch</a> or (more commonly) to have an alcoholic beverage. In modern parlance, the latter usage typically refers to early evening, but the phrase is thought originally to have referred to late morning and to the sun's ascent past a particular yard. </p><p>The actual time that the sun would pass a particular yard would depend greatly on the ship's <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> and <a href="/wiki/Course_(navigation)" title="Course (navigation)">heading</a>, as well as the height of her masts, but the phrase seems to have originated in the north Atlantic, where, in summer, this would have typically been at about 11 a.m. This was the time at which, by custom and rule, the first <a href="/wiki/Rum_ration" title="Rum ration">rum "tot"</a> of the day was issued to men (the senior rates had their tots neat, while the junior rates had theirs diluted with water), hence its connection with taking one's first alcoholic drink of the day. </p><p>The earliest mention of this phrase collected by the <a href="/wiki/OED" class="mw-redirect" title="OED">OED</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a>'s <i>From Sea to Sea</i> in 1899, where it is used as a metaphor referring to drinking habits. However, the phrase was in use earlier, in the same context. One example is from the first volume of <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)"><i>Life</i></a>, from the issue of May 31, 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_yardarm's_use_in_maritime_punishment"><span id="The_yardarm.27s_use_in_maritime_punishment"></span>The yardarm's use in maritime punishment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard_(sailing)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The yardarm's use in maritime punishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The yardarm has found use in maritime punishment. In the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, offences such as <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">mutiny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">desertion</a> or striking an officer carried the death penalty, which at sea would usually be carried out by <a href="/wiki/Hanging" title="Hanging">hanging</a> from the yardarm itself. Instead of the usually quick death a hanging ensured ashore, the condemned man would have the noose placed around his neck, before the end of the rope was passed over the yardarm. A group of sailors would then pull him into the air where he would remain for at least half an hour. The last man hanged in this manner in the Royal Navy was Private John Dalliger in 1860, after stealing brandy and shooting two officers aboard <a href="/wiki/HMS_Leven" title="HMS Leven">HMS <i>Leven</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another less common punishment, notably practised upon mutineers from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> ship <a href="/wiki/Batavia_(1628_ship)" title="Batavia (1628 ship)"><i>Batavia</i></a> as well as captured pirates, was to be dropped or ducked from the yardarm. This entailed the accused having a rope fixed to the yardarm and tied under their arms, before being dropped into the sea. They would then be hauled back onto the ship, where the punishment could be repeated up to three times. In more severe cases, the offender would then be <a href="/wiki/Keelhauled" class="mw-redirect" title="Keelhauled">keelhauled</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard_(sailing)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full-rigged_ship" title="Full-rigged ship">Full-rigged ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(A%E2%80%93L)" title="Glossary of nautical terms (A–L)">Glossary of nautical terms (A–L)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(M%E2%80%93Z)" title="Glossary of nautical terms (M–Z)">Glossary of nautical terms (M–Z)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateen" title="Lateen">Lateen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_rig" title="Square rig">Square rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_(sailing)" title="Square (sailing)">Squaring a yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugger" title="Lugger">Lugger</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard_(sailing)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-poa-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-poa_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-poa_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKeegan1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Keegan" title="John Keegan">Keegan, John</a> (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/priceofadmiralty00keeg/page/281"><i>The Price of Admiralty</i></a></span>. New York: Viking. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/priceofadmiralty00keeg/page/281">281</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-81416-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-81416-4"><bdi>0-670-81416-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Price+of+Admiralty&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-670-81416-4&rft.aulast=Keegan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpriceofadmiralty00keeg%2Fpage%2F281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oQPOAAAAMAAJ&dq=sun%20over%20the%20yardarm&pg=PA253">"Life"</a>. 1883 – via books.google.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life&rft.date=1883&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoQPOAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3Dsun%2520over%2520the%2520yardarm%26pg%3DPA253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/keelhauling-hanging-punishments.html">"It Was Brutal: Press Ganging, Keelhauling & Flogging in The Royal Navy"</a>. <i>www.warhistoryonline.com</i>. 20 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.warhistoryonline.com&rft.atitle=It+Was+Brutal%3A+Press+Ganging%2C+Keelhauling+%26+Flogging+in+The+Royal+Navy&rft.date=2019-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.warhistoryonline.com%2Finstant-articles%2Fkeelhauling-hanging-punishments.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1847/pirate-punishments-in-the-golden-age-of-piracy/">"Pirate Punishments in the Golden Age of Piracy"</a>. <i>www.worldhistory.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.worldhistory.org&rft.atitle=Pirate+Punishments+in+the+Golden+Age+of+Piracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2Farticle%2F1847%2Fpirate-punishments-in-the-golden-age-of-piracy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095733312">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"ducking at the yardarm"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.oxfordreference.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oxfordreference.com&rft.atitle=%22ducking+at+the+yardarm%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803095733312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2015/april/1427806800/jeff-sparrow/bring-bodies#mtr">"Bring up the bodies"</a>. <i>www.themonthly.com.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.themonthly.com.au&rft.atitle=Bring+up+the+bodies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themonthly.com.au%2Fissue%2F2015%2Fapril%2F1427806800%2Fjeff-sparrow%2Fbring-bodies%23mtr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYard+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yard_(sailing)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anon. <i>B.R. 67(1/51), Manual of Seamanship Volume I</i> (1951) HMSO</li> <li>M.Quinion (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-ove1.htm">"World Wide Words"</a>, retrieved 3 May 2006.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sail_types" title="Template:Sail types"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sail_types" title="Template talk:Sail types"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sail_types" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sail types"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sails,_spars_and_rigging" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sail" title="Sail">Sails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spar_(sailing)" title="Spar (sailing)">spars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rigging" title="Rigging">rigging</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>including limited use<sup>*</sup>, outdated<sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rigs <br />(<a href="/wiki/Jury_rigging" title="Jury rigging">jury rigging</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Textile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_rig" title="Bermuda rig">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%26R_rig" title="B&R rig">B&R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_rigged" title="Cat rigged">Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fore-and-aft_rig" title="Fore-and-aft rig">Fore-and-aft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaff_rig" title="Gaff rig">Gaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunter_rig" title="Gunter rig">Gunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_rig" title="Junk rig">Junk</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljungstr%C3%B6m_rig" title="Ljungström rig">Ljungström</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast-aft_rig" title="Mast-aft rig">Mast-aft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinisi" title="Pinisi">Pinisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_rig" title="Square rig">Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flettner_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Flettner ship">Rotorsail</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbosail" title="Turbosail">Turbosail</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingsail" title="Wingsail">Wingsail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sails <br />(<a href="/wiki/Sailing_rigs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailing rigs">sailing rigs</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Three-sided</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asymmetrical_spinnaker" title="Asymmetrical spinnaker">Asymmetrical spinnaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">Crab claw</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennaker" title="Gennaker">Gennaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa_(sail)" title="Genoa (sail)">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jib" title="Jib">Jib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateen" title="Lateen">Lateen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainsail#Bermuda_rig" title="Mainsail">Mainsail (Bermuda rig)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffee_sail" title="Raffee sail"> Raffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringtail_(sail)#Triangular" title="Ringtail (sail)">Ringtail</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screecher" title="Screecher">Screecher</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinnaker" title="Spinnaker">Spinnaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staysail" title="Staysail">Staysail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trysail" title="Trysail">Trysail</a><sup>*</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Four-sided</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Course_(sail)" title="Course (sail)">Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisherman%27s_staysail" title="Fisherman's staysail">Fisherman</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foresail" title="Foresail">Foresail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_rig" title="Junk rig">Junk sail</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lug_sail" title="Lug sail">Lug sail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainsail" title="Mainsail">Mainsail (square rig)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonraker_(sail)" title="Moonraker (sail)">Moonraker</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringtail_(sail)" title="Ringtail (sail)">Ringtail</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_(sail)" title="Royal (sail)">Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skysail" title="Skysail">Skysail</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanker_(sail)" title="Spanker (sail)">Spanker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritsail_(square-rigged)" title="Spritsail (square-rigged)">Spritsail (square-rigged)</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritsail" title="Spritsail">Spritsail</a><sup>*</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Optimist_(dinghy)" title="Optimist (dinghy)">Optimist</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studding_sail" title="Studding sail">Studding</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanja_sail" title="Tanja sail">Tanja sail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topgallant_sail" title="Topgallant sail">Topgallant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topsail" title="Topsail">Topsail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watersail" title="Watersail">Watersail</a><sup>*</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sail_components" title="Sail components">Components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sail_batten" title="Sail batten">Batten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_rope" title="Bolt rope">Bolt rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cringle" title="Cringle">Cringle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sail_emblems" title="List of sail emblems">Emblems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draft_(sail)" title="Draft (sail)">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackline" title="Jackline">Jackline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sail_components#Reefing_points" title="Sail components">Reefing points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sail_components#Roach" title="Sail components">Roach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailcloth" title="Sailcloth">Sailcloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spreader_patch" title="Spreader patch">Spreader patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell-tale_(sailing)" title="Tell-tale (sailing)">Tell-tale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spar_(sailing)" title="Spar (sailing)">Spars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On <a href="/wiki/Bow_(watercraft)" title="Bow (watercraft)">bow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowsprit" title="Bowsprit">Bowsprit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sprit_topmast" title="Sprit topmast">sprit topmast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_striker" title="Dolphin striker">Dolphin striker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackstaff" title="Jackstaff">Jackstaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibboom" title="Jibboom">Jibboom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelican_striker" title="Pelican striker">Pelican striker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On <a href="/wiki/Mast_(sailing)" title="Mast (sailing)">mast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boom_(sailing)" title="Boom (sailing)">Boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomkin" title="Boomkin">Boomkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaff_rig" title="Gaff rig">Gaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truck_(rigging)" title="Truck (rigging)">Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosstrees" title="Crosstrees">Crosstrees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinnaker_pole" title="Spinnaker pole">Spinnaker pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spreader_(sailboat)" title="Spreader (sailboat)">Spreader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritsail" title="Spritsail">Sprit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rigging" title="Rigging">Rigging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Standing_rigging" title="Standing rigging">Standing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobstay" title="Bobstay">Bobstay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazy_jack" title="Lazy jack">Lazy jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_backstay" title="Running backstay">Running backstay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shroud_(sailing)" title="Shroud (sailing)">Shroud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ratlines" title="Ratlines">ratlines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stay_mouse" title="Stay mouse">Stay mouse</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stays_(nautical)" title="Stays (nautical)">Stays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backstay" title="Backstay">backstay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestay" title="Forestay">forestay</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Running_rigging" title="Running rigging">Running</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boomkicker" title="Boomkicker">Boomkicker</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_vang" title="Boom vang">Boom vang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brace_(sailing)" title="Brace (sailing)">Braces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clewlines_and_buntlines" title="Clewlines and buntlines">Buntlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunningham_(sailing)" title="Cunningham (sailing)">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clewlines_and_buntlines" title="Clewlines and buntlines">Clewlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downhaul" title="Downhaul">Downhaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_(sailing)" title="Guy (sailing)">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halyard" title="Halyard">Halyard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peak_halyard" title="Peak halyard">peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throat_halyard" title="Throat halyard">throat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outhaul" title="Outhaul">Outhaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preventer" title="Preventer">Preventer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheet_(sailing)" title="Sheet (sailing)">Sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tack_(square_sail)" title="Tack (square sail)">Tack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topping_lift" title="Topping lift">Topping lift</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baggywrinkle" title="Baggywrinkle">Baggywrinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belaying_pin" title="Belaying pin">Belaying pin</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(sailing)" title="Block (sailing)">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleat_(nautical)" title="Cleat (nautical)">Cleat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitts" title="Bitts">bitts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clevis_fastener" title="Clevis fastener">Clevis pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadeye" title="Deadeye">Deadeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earing" title="Earing">Earing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairlead" title="Fairlead">Fairlead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footrope" title="Footrope">Footrope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasket_(sailing)" title="Gasket (sailing)">Gasket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrel_beads" title="Parrel beads">Parrel beads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_bolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring bolt">Ring bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_furling" title="Roller furling">Roller furling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shackle" title="Shackle">Shackle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swivel" title="Swivel">Swivel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gooseneck_(sailing)" title="Gooseneck (sailing)">gooseneck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapeze_(sailing)" title="Trapeze (sailing)">Trapeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_traveller" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanical traveller">Traveller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnbuckle" title="Turnbuckle">Turnbuckle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winch" title="Winch">Winch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yard_(sailing)&oldid=1253568456">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yard_(sailing)&oldid=1253568456</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shipbuilding" title="Category:Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nautical_terminology" title="Category:Nautical terminology">Nautical terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sailing_rigs_and_rigging" 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