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id="toc-American_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 American Revolution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Early United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 American Civil War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postbellum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postbellum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Postbellum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postbellum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Cityscape </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corporations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Corporations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poverty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poverty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Poverty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poverty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Arts and culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Arts and culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums_and_monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Museums and monuments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_and_performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_and_performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Visual and performing arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_and_performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Murals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Murals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Murals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Murals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_performing_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_performing_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Professional performing companies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_performing_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Literary arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Historic districts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Food </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Parks and recreation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Public schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Private schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Colleges and universities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Major highways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Utilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Richmond, Virginia</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 116 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" > 116 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virgini%C3%AB" title="Richmond, Virginië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Richmond, Virginië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AA%E1%89%BD%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="ሪችመንድ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሪችመንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%AB%C4%8Bemund,_Firgini%C3%A6" title="Rīċemund, Firginiæ – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Rīċemund, Firginiæ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="ريتشموند (فيرجينيا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريتشموند (فيرجينيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virchinia)" title="Richmond (Virchinia) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Richmond (Virchinia)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virxinia)" title="Richmond (Virxinia) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Richmond (Virxinia)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C3%A7mond_(Virciniya)" title="Riçmond (Virciniya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Riçmond (Virciniya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ریچموند، ویرجینیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ریچموند، ویرجینیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1,_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="রিচমন্ড, ভার্জিনিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রিচমন্ড, ভার্জিনিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Рычманд (Вірджынія) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рычманд (Вірджынія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Рычманд (Вірджынія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рычманд (Вірджынія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Ричмънд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ричмънд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virg%C3%ADnia)" title="Richmond (Virgínia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Richmond (Virgínia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(kapital_sa_estado_sa_Tinipong_Bansa,_Virginia)" title="Richmond (kapital sa estado sa Tinipong Bansa, Virginia) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Richmond (kapital sa estado sa Tinipong Bansa, Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond" title="Richmond – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Richmond" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%A9ch%CA%BCil_Daalch%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%ADn%C3%ADl%C4%AF%CC%81" title="Tséchʼil Daalchíʼínílį́ – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tséchʼil Daalchíʼínílį́" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond" title="Richmond – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Richmond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84_(%CE%92%CE%B9%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1)" title="Ρίτσμοντ (Βιρτζίνια) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρίτσμοντ (Βιρτζίνια)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginio)" title="Richmond (Virginio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Richmond (Virginio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virg%C3%ADnia)" title="Richmond (Virgínia) – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Richmond (Virgínia)" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond" title="Richmond – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Richmond" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ریچموند، ویرجینیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریچموند، ویرجینیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond" title="Richmond – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Richmond" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginie)" title="Richmond (Virginie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richmond (Virginie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Firginia)" title="Richmond (Firginia) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Richmond (Firginia)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virxinia" title="Richmond, Virxinia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Richmond, Virxinia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%86%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ريچمؤند، ويرجينيا – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ريچمؤند، ويرجينيا" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌼𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌳 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌼𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%98%EB%A8%BC%EB%93%9C_(%EB%B2%84%EC%A7%80%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC)" title="리치먼드 (버지니아주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리치먼드 (버지니아주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4_(%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Ռիչմոնդ (Վիրջինիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիչմոնդ (Վիրջինիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Ричмонд (Вирджини) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ричмонд (Вирджини)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virgin%C3%ADa)" title="Richmond (Virginía) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Richmond (Virginía)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93_(%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94)" title="ריצ'מונד (וירג'יניה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריצ'מונד (וירג'יניה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond" title="Richmond – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Richmond" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Vijini" title="Richmond, Vijini – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Richmond, Vijini" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Ричмонд (Виргини) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ричмонд (Виргини)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricmondia" title="Ricmondia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ricmondia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C4%8Dmonda" title="Ričmonda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ričmonda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C4%8Dmondas_(Vird%C5%BEinija)" title="Ričmondas (Virdžinija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ričmondas (Virdžinija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginnia)" title="Richmond (Virginnia) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Richmond (Virginnia)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond" title="Richmond – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Richmond" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ричмонд (Вирџинија) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ричмонд (Вирџинија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D,_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="റിച്ച്മണ്ട്, വിർജീനിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റിച്ച്മണ്ട്, വിർജീനിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_(%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE)" title="रिचमंड (व्हर्जिनिया) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रिचमंड (व्हर्जिनिया)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6,_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="रिचमन्द, भर्जिनिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रिचमन्द, भर्जिनिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89_(%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E5%B7%9E)" title="リッチモンド (バージニア州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リッチモンド (バージニア州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Ричмонд (Виргини) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ричмонд (Виргини)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_i_Virginia" title="Richmond i Virginia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Richmond i Virginia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virg%C3%ADnia)" title="Richmond (Virgínia) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Richmond (Virgínia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="रिचमन्ड – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रिचमन्ड" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85%D9%86%DA%88" title="رچمنڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رچمنڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond" title="Richmond – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Richmond" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Wirginia)" title="Richmond (Wirginia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Richmond (Wirginia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virg%C3%ADnia)" title="Richmond (Virgínia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Richmond (Virgínia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Ричмонд (Виргиния) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ричмонд (Виргиния)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D" title="रिच्मन्ड् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रिच्मन्ड्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virg%C3%ACnia)" title="Richmond (Virgìnia) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Richmond (Virgìnia)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virg%C3%ADnia)" title="Richmond (Virgínia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Richmond (Virgínia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginija" title="Richmond, Virginija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Richmond, Virginija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Wirgi%C5%84ijo)" title="Richmond (Wirgińijo) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Richmond (Wirgińijo)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%8C_%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ڕیچمەند، ڤیرجینیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕیچمەند، ڤیرجینیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ричмонд (Вирџинија) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ричмонд (Вирџинија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virginia)" title="Richmond (Virginia) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Richmond (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE)" title="ரிச்மண்ட் (வர்ஜீனியா) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரிச்மண்ட் (வர்ஜீனியா)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Ричмонд (Виргиния) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ричмонд (Виргиния)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2)" title="ริชมอนด์ (รัฐเวอร์จิเนีย) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ริชมอนด์ (รัฐเวอร์จิเนีย)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Ричмонд (Вірджинія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ричмонд (Вірджинія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85%D9%86%DA%88%D8%8C_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="رچمنڈ، ورجینیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رچمنڈ، ورجینیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virxinia)" title="Richmond (Virxinia) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Richmond (Virxinia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_(Virgin%C3%A4n)" title="Richmond (Virginän) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Richmond (Virginän)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Richmond, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E6%BB%A1%EF%BC%88%E5%BC%97%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89" title="里士满（弗吉尼亚州） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="里士满（弗吉尼亚州）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%B2%BB%E6%96%87_(%E7%B6%AD%E7%8F%8D%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="列治文 (維珍尼亞州) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="列治文 (維珍尼亞州)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C4%8Dmonds" title="Ričmonds – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ričmonds" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E6%BB%A1_(%E5%BC%97%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E)" title="里士满 (弗吉尼亚州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="里士满 (弗吉尼亚州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond" title="Richmond – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Richmond" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricmond_(Vir%C4%8Dinij%C9%99)" title="Ricmond (Virčinijə) – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ricmond (Virčinijə)" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" 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class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Richmond,_Virginia&params=37_32_27_N_77_26_12_W_region:US-VA_type:city(226610)">37°32′27″N 77°26′12″W / 37.54083°N 77.43667°W / 37.54083; -77.43667</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city of Virginia, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Richmond_County,_Virginia" title="Richmond County, Virginia">Richmond County, Virginia</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State capital and independent city in Virginia, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive 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0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Richmond</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">independent city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:184px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:A_downtown_view_of_Richmond,_VA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/A_downtown_view_of_Richmond%2C_VA.jpg/288px-A_downtown_view_of_Richmond%2C_VA.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/A_downtown_view_of_Richmond%2C_VA.jpg/432px-A_downtown_view_of_Richmond%2C_VA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/A_downtown_view_of_Richmond%2C_VA.jpg/576px-A_downtown_view_of_Richmond%2C_VA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5424" data-file-height="3484" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Downtown Richmond, Virginia">Downtown</a> skyline along the <a href="/wiki/James_River" title="James River">James River</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:St._John%27s_Church_in_Richmond,_VA_(2011)_IMG_4046.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/St._John%27s_Church_in_Richmond%2C_VA_%282011%29_IMG_4046.JPG/142px-St._John%27s_Church_in_Richmond%2C_VA_%282011%29_IMG_4046.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/St._John%27s_Church_in_Richmond%2C_VA_%282011%29_IMG_4046.JPG/213px-St._John%27s_Church_in_Richmond%2C_VA_%282011%29_IMG_4046.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/St._John%27s_Church_in_Richmond%2C_VA_%282011%29_IMG_4046.JPG/284px-St._John%27s_Church_in_Richmond%2C_VA_%282011%29_IMG_4046.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="St. John's Episcopal Church (Richmond, Virginia)">St. John's Episcopal Church</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_Scene_along_Monument_Avenue_-_Richmond_-_Virginia_-_USA_-_02_(32839955447).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Street_Scene_along_Monument_Avenue_-_Richmond_-_Virginia_-_USA_-_02_%2832839955447%29.jpg/142px-Street_Scene_along_Monument_Avenue_-_Richmond_-_Virginia_-_USA_-_02_%2832839955447%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Street_Scene_along_Monument_Avenue_-_Richmond_-_Virginia_-_USA_-_02_%2832839955447%29.jpg/213px-Street_Scene_along_Monument_Avenue_-_Richmond_-_Virginia_-_USA_-_02_%2832839955447%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Street_Scene_along_Monument_Avenue_-_Richmond_-_Virginia_-_USA_-_02_%2832839955447%29.jpg/284px-Street_Scene_along_Monument_Avenue_-_Richmond_-_Virginia_-_USA_-_02_%2832839955447%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Monument_Avenue" title="Monument Avenue">Monument Avenue</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:101px;max-width:101px"><div style="height:123px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_Street_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Main_Street_Station.jpg/99px-Main_Street_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Main_Street_Station.jpg/149px-Main_Street_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Main_Street_Station.jpg/198px-Main_Street_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1250" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Main_Street_Station" title="Richmond Main Street Station">Main Street Station</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:187px;max-width:187px"><div style="height:123px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Capitol_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Virginia_(7358972234).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/State_Capitol_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Virginia_%287358972234%29.jpg/185px-State_Capitol_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Virginia_%287358972234%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/State_Capitol_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Virginia_%287358972234%29.jpg/278px-State_Capitol_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Virginia_%287358972234%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/State_Capitol_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Virginia_%287358972234%29.jpg/370px-State_Capitol_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Virginia_%287358972234%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3772" data-file-height="2512" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Capitol" title="Virginia State Capitol">Virginia State Capitol</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Egyptian_Building.JPG/142px-Egyptian_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Egyptian_Building.JPG/213px-Egyptian_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Egyptian_Building.JPG/284px-Egyptian_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:E201001_0049_02.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/E201001_0049_02.tif/lossy-page1-142px-E201001_0049_02.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/E201001_0049_02.tif/lossy-page1-213px-E201001_0049_02.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/E201001_0049_02.tif/lossy-page1-284px-E201001_0049_02.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7062" data-file-height="5314" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Virginia Museum of Fine Arts">Virginia Museum of Fine Arts</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Richmond,_Virginia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Richmond"><img alt="Flag of Richmond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Richmond%2C_Virginia.jpg/100px-Flag_of_Richmond%2C_Virginia.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Richmond%2C_Virginia.jpg/150px-Flag_of_Richmond%2C_Virginia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Richmond%2C_Virginia.jpg/200px-Flag_of_Richmond%2C_Virginia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="192" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Flag of Richmond, Virginia">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Richmond,_Virginia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Richmond"><img alt="Official seal of Richmond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Seal_of_Richmond%2C_Virginia.svg/100px-Seal_of_Richmond%2C_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Seal_of_Richmond%2C_Virginia.svg/150px-Seal_of_Richmond%2C_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Seal_of_Richmond%2C_Virginia.svg/200px-Seal_of_Richmond%2C_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="636" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"RVA",<a href="#cite_note-RVA-1">[1]</a> "River City"<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>]</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Sic Itur Ad Astra (Thus do we reach the stars)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="10" data-lat="37.5408" data-lon="-77.4367" data-overlays="["_116df1e285a60e28298f234264359dae9a9a650f"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/37.5408/-77.4367/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,37.5408,-77.4367,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Richmond%2C_Virginia&revid=1258621092&groups=_116df1e285a60e28298f234264359dae9a9a650f" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,37.5408,-77.4367,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Richmond%2C_Virginia&revid=1258621092&groups=_116df1e285a60e28298f234264359dae9a9a650f 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Richmond</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:280px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:280px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:280px"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Virginia_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Richmond is located in Virginia"><img alt="Richmond is located in Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/USA_Virginia_relief_location_map.svg/280px-USA_Virginia_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/USA_Virginia_relief_location_map.svg/420px-USA_Virginia_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/USA_Virginia_relief_location_map.svg/560px-USA_Virginia_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="964" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.436%;left:72.622%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Richmond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Richmond</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Virginia</div>Show map of Virginia</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:280px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:280px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:280px"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Richmond is located in the United States"><img alt="Richmond is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/280px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/420px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/560px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.368%;left:81.543%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Richmond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Richmond</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the contiguous United States</div>Show map of the United States</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Richmond,_Virginia&params=37_32_27_N_77_26_12_W_region:US-VA_type:city(226610)">37°32′27″N 77°26′12″W / 37.54083°N 77.43667°W / 37.54083; -77.43667</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1742" title="1742">1742</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_London" title="Richmond, London">Richmond, London</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Richmond,_Virginia" title="List of mayors of Richmond, Virginia">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Levar_Stoney" title="Levar Stoney">Levar Stoney</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">62.57 sq mi (162.05 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">59.92 sq mi (155.20 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">2.65 sq mi (6.85 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-4">[4]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">213 ft (65 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">226,610</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">100th</a> in the United States <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Virginia">4th</a> in Virginia</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,782/sq mi (1,484.75/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,059,150 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">US: 44th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,067.3/sq mi (798.2/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,339,182 (<a href="/wiki/Table_of_United_States_Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas">US: 44th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Richmonder</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Richmond (MSA)</th><td class="infobox-data">$93.615 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">23173, 23218–23242, 23249–23250, 23255, 23260–23261, 23269, 23273–23274, 23276, 23278–23279, 23282, 23284–23286, 23288–23295, 23297–23298</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_804_and_686" title="Area codes 804 and 686">804 and 686</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">51-67000<a href="#cite_note-GR2-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">1499957<a href="#cite_note-USGS-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rva.gov">rva.gov</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Nomenclature evolution</div> Prior to 1071 – <a href="/wiki/Richemont,_Seine-Maritime" title="Richemont, Seine-Maritime">Richemont</a>: a town in Normandy, France. 1071 to 1501 – <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_North_Yorkshire" title="Richmond, North Yorkshire">Richmond</a>: a castle town in Yorkshire, UK. 1501 to 1742 – <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_London" title="Richmond, London">Richmond</a>, a palace town in London, UK. 1742 to present – Richmond, Virginia.</td></tr></tbody></table> Richmond (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈrɪtʃmənd/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">RITCH-mənd</a>) is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">capital city</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> in the United States. Incorporated in 1742, Richmond has been an <a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">independent city</a> since 1871. The city's population in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a> was 226,610, up from 204,214 in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-QF-7">[7]</a> making it Virginia's <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_counties_in_Virginia#Largest_cities" title="List of cities and counties in Virginia">fourth-most populous city</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Richmond_Region" title="Greater Richmond Region">Richmond metropolitan area</a>, with over 1.3 million residents, is the Commonwealth's <a href="/wiki/Virginia_statistical_areas" title="Virginia statistical areas">third-most populous</a>. Richmond is located at the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Seaboard_fall_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Seaboard fall line">James River's fall line</a>, 44 mi (71 km) west of <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a>, 66 mi (106 km) east of <a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville</a>, 91 mi (146 km) east of <a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg</a> and 92 mi (148 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> Surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_Virginia" title="Chesterfield County, Virginia">Chesterfield</a> counties, Richmond is at the intersection of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Virginia" title="Interstate 95 in Virginia">Interstate 95</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_64_in_Virginia" title="Interstate 64 in Virginia">Interstate 64</a> and encircled by <a href="/wiki/Interstate_295_(Virginia)" title="Interstate 295 (Virginia)">Interstate 295</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_150" title="Virginia State Route 150">Virginia State Route 150</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_288" title="Virginia State Route 288">Virginia State Route 288</a>. Major suburbs include <a href="/wiki/Midlothian,_Virginia" title="Midlothian, Virginia">Midlothian</a> to the southwest, Chesterfield to the south, <a href="/wiki/Varina,_Virginia" title="Varina, Virginia">Varina</a> to the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Sandston,_Virginia" title="Sandston, Virginia">Sandston</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Allen,_Virginia" title="Glen Allen, Virginia">Glen Allen</a> to the north and west, <a href="/wiki/Short_Pump,_Virginia" title="Short Pump, Virginia">Short Pump</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Mechanicsville,_Virginia" title="Mechanicsville, Virginia">Mechanicsville</a> to the northeast.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Richmond was an important village in the <a href="/wiki/Powhatan_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Powhatan Confederacy">Powhatan Confederacy</a> and was briefly settled by English colonists from <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a> from 1609 to 1611.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Founded in 1737, it replaced Williamsburg as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Colony_and_Dominion_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony and Dominion of Virginia">Colony and Dominion of Virginia</a> in 1780. During the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">Revolutionary War</a> period, several notable events occurred in the city, including <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Give_me_liberty_or_give_me_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Give me liberty or give me death">Give me liberty, or give me death!</a>" speech in 1775 at <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="St. John's Episcopal Church (Richmond, Virginia)">St. John's Church</a> and the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Statute_for_Religious_Freedom" title="Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom">Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom</a> written by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Richmond was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Ward" title="Jackson Ward">Jackson Ward</a> neighborhood is the city's traditional hub of <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American</a> commerce and culture, once known as the "Black Wall Street of America" and the "Harlem of the South."<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> At the beginning of the 20th century, Richmond had one of the world's first successful electric <a href="/wiki/Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar">streetcar</a> systems. Law, finance, and government primarily drive Richmond's economy. The <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Downtown Richmond, Virginia">downtown area</a> is home to federal, state, and local governmental agencies as well as notable legal and banking firms. The greater metropolitan area includes several <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies: <a href="/wiki/Performance_Food_Group" title="Performance Food Group">Performance Food Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Altria" title="Altria">Altria</a>, <a href="/wiki/CarMax" title="CarMax">CarMax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominion_Energy" title="Dominion Energy">Dominion Energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Markel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Markel Corporation">Markel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Owens_and_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Owens and Minor">Owens and Minor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genworth_Financial" title="Genworth Financial">Genworth Financial</a>, and <a href="/wiki/GPM_Investments" title="GPM Investments">ARKO Corp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fortune500-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The city is home to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit">U.S. Court of Appeals</a> for the 4th Circuit and a <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Richmond" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond">Federal Reserve Bank</a> (one of 13 <a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">such courts</a> and one of 12 <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">such banks</a>). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Richmond,_Virginia" title="History of Richmond, Virginia">History of Richmond, Virginia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Timeline of Richmond, Virginia">Timeline of Richmond, Virginia</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_era">Colonial era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Colonial era">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait,_William_Byrd_II,_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Portrait%2C_William_Byrd_II%2C_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller.jpg/170px-Portrait%2C_William_Byrd_II%2C_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Portrait%2C_William_Byrd_II%2C_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller.jpg/255px-Portrait%2C_William_Byrd_II%2C_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Portrait%2C_William_Byrd_II%2C_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller.jpg/340px-Portrait%2C_William_Byrd_II%2C_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Byrd_II" title="William Byrd II">William Byrd II</a> is considered the founder of Richmond. The Byrd family, which includes <a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Byrd" title="Harry F. Byrd">Harry F. Byrd</a>, has been central to Virginia's history since its founding. </figcaption></figure> After the first permanent English-speaking settlement was established at <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown, Virginia</a>, in April 1607, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Newport" title="Christopher Newport">Captain Christopher Newport</a> led explorers northwest up the <a href="/wiki/James_River_(Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="James River (Virginia)">James River</a> to an inhabited area in the <a href="/wiki/Powhatan" title="Powhatan">Powhatan</a> Nation.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Richmond was Arrohattoc territory where Arrohateck village was located. However, as time progressed relations between the Arrohattocs and English colonists declined, and by 1609 the tribe was unwilling to trade with the settlers. As the population began to dwindle, the tribe declined and was last mentioned in a 1610 report by the visiting William Strachey. By 1611 the tribe's Henrico town was found to be deserted when Sir Thomas Dale went to use the land to found Henricus.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In 1611, the first European settlement in Central Virginia was established at <a href="/wiki/Henricus" title="Henricus">Henricus</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Falling_Creek_(James_River_tributary)" title="Falling Creek (James River tributary)">Falling Creek</a> empties into the James River. In 1619, early <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Company" title="Virginia Company">Virginia Company</a> settlers established the <a href="/wiki/Falling_Creek_Ironworks" title="Falling Creek Ironworks">Falling Creek Ironworks</a> there. <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Powhatan_Wars" title="Anglo-Powhatan Wars">Decades of conflicts</a> between the Powhatan and the settlers followed, including the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bloody_Run_(1656)" title="Battle of Bloody Run (1656)">Battle of Bloody Run</a>, fought near Richmond in 1656, after tensions arose from an influx of <a href="/wiki/Manahoac" title="Manahoac">Manahoacs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nahyssans" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahyssans">Nahyssans</a> from the North. Nonetheless, the James Falls area saw more White settlement in the late 1600s and early 1700s.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In early 1737, planter <a href="/wiki/William_Byrd_II" title="William Byrd II">William Byrd II</a> commissioned <a href="/wiki/William_Mayo_(civil_engineer)" title="William Mayo (civil engineer)">Major William Mayo</a> to lay out the original town grid, completed in April. Byrd named the city after the English town of <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_London" title="Richmond, London">Richmond</a> near (and now part of) London, because the view of the James River's bend at the fall line reminded him of his home at <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Hill,_London" title="Richmond Hill, London">Richmond Hill</a> on the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>. In 1742, the settlement was incorporated as a town.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Harvey2012-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Revolution">American Revolution</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American Revolution">edit</a>]</div> In 1775, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a> delivered his famous "<a href="/wiki/Give_me_liberty,_or_give_me_death!" class="mw-redirect" title="Give me liberty, or give me death!">Give me liberty, or give me death</a>" speech in Richmond's <a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Church,_Richmond,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John's Church, Richmond, Virginia">St. John's Church</a>, greatly influencing Virginia's participation in the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> and the course of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-liberty_death-22">[22]</a> On April 18, 1780, the state capital was moved from <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a> to Richmond, providing a more centralized location for Virginia's increasing western population and theoretically isolating the capital from a British attack from the coast.<a href="#cite_note-VHS-23">[23]</a> In 1781, <a href="/wiki/Loyalists_fighting_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Loyalists fighting in the American Revolution">Loyalist troops</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold" title="Benedict Arnold">Benedict Arnold</a> led a <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Richmond" title="Raid on Richmond">raid on Richmond</a> and burnt it, leading Governor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> to flee while the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_militia" title="Virginia militia">Virginia militia</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Sampson_Mathews" title="Sampson Mathews">Sampson Mathews</a>, unsuccessfully defended the city.<a href="#cite_note-Waddell-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_United_States">Early United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early United States">edit</a>]</div> Richmond recovered quickly from the war, thriving within a year of its burning.<a href="#cite_note-Yorktown_1781-25">[25]</a> In 1786, the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Statute_for_Religious_Freedom" title="Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom">Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom</a>, drafted by Thomas Jefferson, was enacted, separating church and state and advancing the legal principle for <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Religious_Freedom-26">[26]</a> In 1788, the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Capitol" title="Virginia State Capitol">Virginia State Capitol</a>, designed by Jefferson and <a href="/wiki/Charles-Louis_Cl%C3%A9risseau" title="Charles-Louis Clérisseau">Charles-Louis Clérisseau</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival style</a>, was completed. To bypass Richmond's rapids on the upper James River and provide a water route across the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Kanawha_River" title="Kanawha River">Kanawha River</a>, which flows westward into the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> and converges with the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> helped design the <a href="/wiki/James_River_and_Kanawha_Canal" title="James River and Kanawha Canal">James River and Kanawha Canal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JRKCHD-27">[27]</a> The canal started in <a href="/wiki/Westham,_Virginia" title="Westham, Virginia">Westham</a> and cut east to Richmond, facilitating the transfer of cargo from flat-bottomed <a href="/wiki/James_River_bateau" title="James River bateau">James River bateaux</a> above the fall line to the ocean-faring ships below.<a href="#cite_note-JRKCHD-27">[27]</a> The canal boatmen legacy is represented by the figure in the center of the city flag.<a href="#cite_note-Flag-28">[28]</a> Because of the canal and the <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a> the falls generated, Richmond emerged as an important industrial center after the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> (1775–1783). It became home to some of the largest manufacturing facilities, including iron works and flour mills, in <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">the South</a> and the country. By 1850, Richmond was connected by the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_and_Petersburg_Railroad" title="Richmond and Petersburg Railroad">Richmond and Petersburg Railroad</a> to <a href="/wiki/Port_Walthall" title="Port Walthall">Port Walthall</a>, where ships carrying over 200 tons of cargo could connect to <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore</a> or <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia</a>. Passenger liners could reach <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a>, through the <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a> harbor.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In the 19th century, Richmond was connected to the North by the <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Fredericksburg_and_Potomac_Railroad" title="Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad">Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad</a>, later replaced by <a href="/wiki/CSX_Transportation" title="CSX Transportation">CSXT</a>.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patrick_Henry_speaking_before_the_Virginia_Assembly.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Patrick_Henry_speaking_before_the_Virginia_Assembly.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-Patrick_Henry_speaking_before_the_Virginia_Assembly.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Patrick_Henry_speaking_before_the_Virginia_Assembly.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-Patrick_Henry_speaking_before_the_Virginia_Assembly.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Patrick_Henry_speaking_before_the_Virginia_Assembly.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-Patrick_Henry_speaking_before_the_Virginia_Assembly.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1169" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a> delivered his "<a href="/wiki/Give_me_liberty,_or_give_me_death!" class="mw-redirect" title="Give me liberty, or give me death!">Give me liberty, or give me death!</a>" speech at <a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Church,_Richmond,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John's Church, Richmond, Virginia">St. John's Church</a> in Richmond, helping to ignite the American Revolution.</figcaption></figure>The railroad also was used by some to escape slavery in the mid-19th century. In 1849, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Box_Brown" title="Henry Box Brown">Henry "Box" Brown</a> had himself nailed into a small box and shipped from Richmond to abolitionists in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> through <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>'s <a href="/wiki/President_Street_Station" title="President Street Station">President Street Station</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Wilmington_and_Baltimore_Railroad" title="Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad">Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad</a>, often used by the <a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a> to assist escaping disguised slaves reach the free state of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Civil_War">American Civil War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: American Civil War">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Richmond_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Richmond in the American Civil War">Richmond in the American Civil War</a></div> Five days after the Confederate attack on <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sumter" title="Fort Sumter">Fort Sumter</a>, the Virginia legislature voted to secede from the United States and join the newly created <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> on April 17, 1861. The action became official in May, after the Confederacy promised to move its national capital to Richmond from <a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery, Alabama</a>.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_of_the_Confederacy_-_entrance,_May_2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/White_House_of_the_Confederacy_-_entrance%2C_May_2013.JPG/170px-White_House_of_the_Confederacy_-_entrance%2C_May_2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/White_House_of_the_Confederacy_-_entrance%2C_May_2013.JPG/255px-White_House_of_the_Confederacy_-_entrance%2C_May_2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/White_House_of_the_Confederacy_-_entrance%2C_May_2013.JPG/340px-White_House_of_the_Confederacy_-_entrance%2C_May_2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/White_House_of_the_Confederacy" title="White House of the Confederacy">White House of the Confederacy</a></figcaption></figure>Richmond held local, state and national Confederate government offices, hospitals, a railroad hub, and one of the largest slave markets. It also had the largest Confederate arms factory, the <a href="/wiki/Tredegar_Iron_Works" title="Tredegar Iron Works">Tredegar Iron Works</a>. The factory produced artillery and other munitions, including heavy <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_ammunition" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance ammunition">ordnance</a> machinery and the 723 tons of armor plating that covered the <a href="/wiki/CSS_Virginia" title="CSS Virginia">CSS Virginia</a>, the world's first <a href="/wiki/Ironclad" class="mw-redirect" title="Ironclad">ironclad</a> ship used in war.<a href="#cite_note-Tredegar-31">[31]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate Congress">Confederate States Congress</a> shared quarters in the Jefferson-designed <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Capitol" title="Virginia State Capitol">Virginia State Capitol</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_General_Assembly" title="Virginia General Assembly">Virginia General Assembly</a>. The Confederacy's executive mansion, known as the "<a href="/wiki/White_House_of_the_Confederacy" title="White House of the Confederacy">White House of the Confederacy</a>," was two blocks away on Clay Street. Located about 100 mi (160 km) from the national capital in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, Richmond was at the end of a long supply line and difficult to defend. For four years, its defense required the bulk of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Northern_Virginia" title="Army of Northern Virginia">Army of Northern Virginia</a> and the Confederacy's best troops and commanders.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The Union army made Richmond a main target in the campaigns of 1862 and 1864–65. In late June and early July 1862, Union General-in-Chief <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">George B. McClellan</a> threatened but failed to take Richmond in the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_Battles" title="Seven Days Battles">Seven Days Battles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_campaign" title="Peninsula campaign">Peninsula campaign</a>. Three years later, Richmond became indefensible in March 1865 after nearby <a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia" title="Petersburg, Virginia">Petersburg</a> fell and several remaining rail supply lines to the south and southwest were broken. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Robert_E._Lee_MET_DP248323.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/General_Robert_E._Lee_MET_DP248323.jpg/220px-General_Robert_E._Lee_MET_DP248323.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/General_Robert_E._Lee_MET_DP248323.jpg/330px-General_Robert_E._Lee_MET_DP248323.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/General_Robert_E._Lee_MET_DP248323.jpg/440px-General_Robert_E._Lee_MET_DP248323.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1335" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a> at <a href="/wiki/Stewart%E2%80%93Lee_House" title="Stewart–Lee House">his home</a> in Richmond (1865)</figcaption></figure> On March 25, Confederate General <a href="/wiki/John_B._Gordon" title="John B. Gordon">John B. Gordon</a>'s desperate attack on <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Stedman" title="Battle of Fort Stedman">Fort Stedman</a>, east of Petersburg, failed. On April 1, Union Cavalry General <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Philip Sheridan</a>, assigned to interdict the Southside Railroad, met brigades commanded by Southern General <a href="/wiki/George_Pickett" title="George Pickett">George Pickett</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Five_Forks" title="Battle of Five Forks">Five Forks</a> Junction, defeated them, took thousands of prisoners, and advised Union General-in-Chief <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> to order a general advance. When the Union Sixth Corps broke through Confederate lines on the Boydton Plank Road south of Petersburg, Confederate casualties exceeded 5,000, about a tenth of Lee's defending army. Lee then informed President <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a> that he intended to evacuate Richmond.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> On April 2, 1865, the Confederate Army began Richmond's evacuation. Confederate President Davis and his cabinet, Confederate government archives, and its treasury's gold, left the city that night by train. Confederate officials burned documents and troops burned tobacco and other warehouses to deny the Union any spoils. In the early morning of April 3, Confederate troops exploded the city's gunpowder magazine, killing several paupers in a temporary Almshouse and a man on 2nd St. The concussion shattered windows all over the city.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Later that day, General <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Weitzel" title="Godfrey Weitzel">Godfrey Weitzel</a>, commander of the 25th Corps of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Colored_Troops" title="United States Colored Troops">United States Colored Troops</a>, accepted Richmond's surrender from the mayor and a group of leading citizens who did not evacuate.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Union troops eventually contained the fires, but about 25% of the city's buildings were destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richmond_Virginia_damage2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Richmond_Virginia_damage2.jpg/220px-Richmond_Virginia_damage2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Richmond_Virginia_damage2.jpg/330px-Richmond_Virginia_damage2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Richmond_Virginia_damage2.jpg/440px-Richmond_Virginia_damage2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5772" data-file-height="3652" /></a><figcaption>Retreating <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate</a> troops burned one-fourth of Richmond in April 1865.</figcaption></figure>On April 3, President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> visited Grant at Petersburg and took a launch up the <a href="/wiki/James_River" title="James River">James River</a> to Richmond on April 4. While Davis attempted to organize the Confederate government in <a href="/wiki/Danville,_Virginia" title="Danville, Virginia">Danville</a>, Lincoln met Confederate Assistant Secretary of War <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Campbell" title="John Archibald Campbell">John A. Campbell</a>, handing him a note inviting Virginia's state legislature to end their rebellion. After Campbell spun the note to Confederate legislators as a possible end to the <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a>, Lincoln rescinded his offer and ordered General Weitzel to prevent the state legislature from meeting. On April 6, Union forces killed, wounded, or captured 8,000 Confederate troops at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sayler%27s_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sayler's Creek">Sayler's Creek</a>, southwest of Petersburg. The Confederate Army continued a general retreat southwestward, and General Lee continued to reject General Grant's surrender entreaties until Sheridan's infantry and cavalry encircled the shrinking <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Northern_Virginia" title="Army of Northern Virginia">Army of Northern Virginia</a> and cut off its ability to retreat further on April 8. Lee surrendered his remaining approximately 10,000 troops the following morning at <a href="/wiki/Appomattox_Court_House,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Appomattox Court House, Virginia">Appomattox Court House</a>, meeting Grant at the McLean Home.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Davis was captured on May 10 near <a href="/wiki/Irwinville,_Georgia" title="Irwinville, Georgia">Irwinville, Georgia</a> and taken back to Virginia, where he was imprisoned two years at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Monroe" title="Fort Monroe">Fort Monroe</a> until freed on bail.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postbellum">Postbellum</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Postbellum">edit</a>]</div> A decade after the Civil War, Richmond resumed its position as a major urban center of economic productivity with iron front buildings and massive brick factories. Canal traffic peaked in the 1860s, with railroads becoming the dominant shipping method. Richmond became a major railroad crossroads,<a href="#cite_note-JR&kanawha-40">[40]</a> showcasing the world's first triple railroad crossing. Tobacco warehousing and processing continued to play a central economic role, advanced by the world's first cigarette-rolling machine that <a href="/wiki/James_Albert_Bonsack" title="James Albert Bonsack">James Albert Bonsack</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roanoke,_Virginia" title="Roanoke, Virginia">Roanoke</a> invented between 1880 and 1881. Another important contributor to Richmond's resurgence was the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Union_Passenger_Railway" title="Richmond Union Passenger Railway">Richmond Union Passenger Railway</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trolley system</a> developed by electric power pioneer <a href="/wiki/Frank_J._Sprague" title="Frank J. Sprague">Frank J. Sprague</a>. The system opened its first Richmond line in 1888, using an overhead wire and a trolley pole to connect to the current and electric motors on the car's trucks.<a href="#cite_note-streetcar_2-41">[41]</a> The success led to electric streetcar lines rapidly spreading to other cities.<a href="#cite_note-streetcar_1-42">[42]</a> A post-World War II transition to buses from streetcars began in May 1947 and was completed on November 25, 1949.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:14th_Street_Bridge,_Richmond,_ca_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/14th_Street_Bridge%2C_Richmond%2C_ca_1917.jpg/220px-14th_Street_Bridge%2C_Richmond%2C_ca_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/14th_Street_Bridge%2C_Richmond%2C_ca_1917.jpg/330px-14th_Street_Bridge%2C_Richmond%2C_ca_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/14th_Street_Bridge%2C_Richmond%2C_ca_1917.jpg/440px-14th_Street_Bridge%2C_Richmond%2C_ca_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>By the early 20th century Richmond had an extensive network of electric streetcars, as shown here crossing the Mayo Bridge across the James River, c. 1917.</figcaption></figure> By the beginning of the 20th century, the city's population had reached 85,050 in 5 sq mi (13 km2), making it the most densely populated city in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GibsonC-44">[44]</a> In the 1900 Census, Richmond's population was 62.1% white and 37.9% black.<a href="#cite_note-census1-45">[45]</a> Freed slaves and their descendants created a thriving African-American business community, and the city's historic <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Ward" title="Jackson Ward">Jackson Ward</a> became known as the "Wall Street of Black America." In 1903, African-American businesswoman and financier <a href="/wiki/Maggie_L._Walker" title="Maggie L. Walker">Maggie L. Walker</a> chartered St. Luke Penny Savings Bank, served as its president, and was the first black female bank president in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-MaggieWalker-46">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thaddeus_Russell" title="Charles Thaddeus Russell">Charles Thaddeus Russell</a> was Richmond's first black architect, and he designed the bank's office.<a href="#cite_note-Harry-47">[47]</a> Today, the bank is called the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company and is the country's oldest surviving African-American bank.<a href="#cite_note-MaggieWalker-46">[46]</a> Another prominent African-American from this time was <a href="/wiki/John_Mitchell_Jr." title="John Mitchell Jr.">John Mitchell Jr.</a>, a newspaper editor, civil rights activist, and politician. In 1910, the former city of <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester, Virginia">Manchester</a> consolidated with Richmond, and in 1914 the city annexed Barton Heights, Ginter Park, and Highland Park in <a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-manchester-48">[48]</a> In May 1914, Richmond became the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Richmond" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond">Fifth District of the Federal Reserve Bank</a>. Several major performing arts venues were constructed during the 1920s, including what are now the Landmark Theatre, Byrd Theatre, and Carpenter Theatre. The city's first radio station, <a href="/wiki/WRVA_(AM)" title="WRVA (AM)">WRVA</a>, began broadcasting in 1925. <a href="/wiki/WTVR-TV" title="WTVR-TV">WTVR-TV</a> (CBS 6), Richmond's first television station, was also the first TV station south of Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-WRVA-49">[49]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Thomas_J._Jackson_-_Capitol_Square_-_Virginia_State_House_-_Richmond_-_Virginia_-_USA_(46876104255).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Statue_of_Thomas_J._Jackson_-_Capitol_Square_-_Virginia_State_House_-_Richmond_-_Virginia_-_USA_%2846876104255%29.jpg/220px-Statue_of_Thomas_J._Jackson_-_Capitol_Square_-_Virginia_State_House_-_Richmond_-_Virginia_-_USA_%2846876104255%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Statue_of_Thomas_J._Jackson_-_Capitol_Square_-_Virginia_State_House_-_Richmond_-_Virginia_-_USA_%2846876104255%29.jpg/330px-Statue_of_Thomas_J._Jackson_-_Capitol_Square_-_Virginia_State_House_-_Richmond_-_Virginia_-_USA_%2846876104255%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Statue_of_Thomas_J._Jackson_-_Capitol_Square_-_Virginia_State_House_-_Richmond_-_Virginia_-_USA_%2846876104255%29.jpg/440px-Statue_of_Thomas_J._Jackson_-_Capitol_Square_-_Virginia_State_House_-_Richmond_-_Virginia_-_USA_%2846876104255%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Stonewall Jackson</a> in front of the Richmond's Old City Hall</figcaption></figure> Between 1963 and 1965, there was a "downtown boom" that led to the construction of more than 700 buildings. In 1968, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University</a> was created by the merger of the <a href="/wiki/Medical_College_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical College of Virginia">Medical College of Virginia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Professional_Institute" title="Richmond Professional Institute">Richmond Professional Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vcu-50">[50]</a> On January 1, 1970, Richmond's borders expanded south by 27 sq mi (70 km2) and its population increased by 47,000 after several years of court cases in which <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_Virginia" title="Chesterfield County, Virginia">Chesterfield County</a> unsuccessfully fought annexation.<a href="#cite_note-RichmondvUS-51">[51]</a> In 1995, a multimillion-dollar <a href="/wiki/Flood_wall" title="Flood wall">flood wall</a> was completed, protecting the city's low-lying areas from the oft-rising James River. Consequently, the River District businesses grew rapidly, bolstered by the creation of a Canal Walk along the city's former industrial canals.<a href="#cite_note-floodwall-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-canal_walk-53">[53]</a> Today the area is home to much of Richmond's entertainment, dining, and nightlife activity. In 1996, racial tensions grew amid controversy about adding the statue of African American Richmond native and tennis star <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe" title="Arthur Ashe">Arthur Ashe</a> to the series of statues of Confederate figures on <a href="/wiki/Monument_Avenue" title="Monument Avenue">Monument Avenue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-arthurashe-54">[54]</a> After several months of controversy, Ashe's bronze statue was finally completed on July 10, 1996.<a href="#cite_note-arthurashe2-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RVA_2020_MDPC_(50041262732).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/RVA_2020_MDPC_%2850041262732%29.jpg/220px-RVA_2020_MDPC_%2850041262732%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/RVA_2020_MDPC_%2850041262732%29.jpg/330px-RVA_2020_MDPC_%2850041262732%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/RVA_2020_MDPC_%2850041262732%29.jpg/440px-RVA_2020_MDPC_%2850041262732%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7882" data-file-height="5073" /></a><figcaption>A formerly-focal point of <a href="/wiki/Monument_Avenue" title="Monument Avenue">Monument Avenue</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_Monument_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Robert E. Lee Monument (Richmond, Virginia)">Robert E. Lee Monument</a> was removed in 2021 following the protesting of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials_in_Virginia" title="List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Virginia">Confederate monuments in Virginia</a>.</figcaption></figure>By the beginning of the 21st century, the population of the greater <a href="/wiki/Greater_Richmond_Region" title="Greater Richmond Region">Richmond metropolitan area</a> had reached approximately 1,100,000, although the population of the city itself had declined to less than 200,000. On November 2, 2004, former Virginia governor <a href="/wiki/L._Douglas_Wilder" class="mw-redirect" title="L. Douglas Wilder">L. Douglas Wilder</a> was elected as the city's first directly elected mayor in over 60 years.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Most of the statues honoring Confederate leaders such as the <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_Monument_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Robert E. Lee Monument (Richmond, Virginia)">Robert E. Lee monument</a> on <a href="/wiki/Monument_Avenue" title="Monument Avenue">Monument Avenue</a> were removed during or after the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> on June 2020 following the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">killing of George Floyd</a> by Minneapolis police officer <a href="/wiki/Derek_Chauvin" title="Derek Chauvin">Derek M. Chauvin</a>. The city removed the last Confederate statue, honoring Confederate General <a href="/wiki/A._P._Hill" title="A. P. Hill">General A. P. Hill</a>, on December 12, 2022. The <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe_Monument" title="Arthur Ashe Monument">only statue remaining on Monument Avenue</a> is of Arthur Ashe, the pioneering Black tennis player. The <a href="/wiki/Bill_Robinson" title="Bill Robinson">Bill "Bojangles" Robinson</a> monument in Jackson Ward was untouched during the protests and remained in place.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Greater_Richmond_Region" title="Greater Richmond Region">Greater Richmond Region</a></div> Richmond is located at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Richmond,_Virginia&params=37_32_N_77_28_W_region:US">37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467</a> (37.538, −77.462). According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 62 sq mi (160 km2), of which 60 sq mi (160 km2) is land and 2.7 sq mi (7.0 km2) (4.3%) is water.<a href="#cite_note-GR1-59">[59]</a> The city is in the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_region_of_Virginia" title="Piedmont region of Virginia">Piedmont region of Virginia</a>, at the James River's highest navigable point. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, flat <a href="/wiki/Tidewater_region_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidewater region of Virginia">Tidewater</a> region and the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Mountains" title="Blue Ridge Mountains">Blue Ridge Mountains</a>. Significant bodies of water in the region include the <a href="/wiki/James_River_(Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="James River (Virginia)">James River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Appomattox_River" title="Appomattox River">Appomattox River</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chickahominy_River" title="Chickahominy River">Chickahominy River</a>.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richmond_Virginia_by_Sentinel-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Richmond_Virginia_by_Sentinel-2.jpg/220px-Richmond_Virginia_by_Sentinel-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Richmond_Virginia_by_Sentinel-2.jpg/330px-Richmond_Virginia_by_Sentinel-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Richmond_Virginia_by_Sentinel-2.jpg/440px-Richmond_Virginia_by_Sentinel-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6700" data-file-height="7300" /></a><figcaption>The Richmond area, seen from the <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2" title="Sentinel-2">Sentinel-2</a> satellite in mid-August 2022.</figcaption></figure>The <a href="/wiki/Richmond-Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond-Petersburg">Richmond-Petersburg</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="United States metropolitan area">Metropolitan Statistical Area</a> (MSA), the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_metropolitan_statistical_areas_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States metropolitan statistical areas by population">44th largest</a> in the United States, includes the independent cities of Richmond, <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Heights,_Virginia" title="Colonial Heights, Virginia">Colonial Heights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hopewell,_Virginia" title="Hopewell, Virginia">Hopewell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia" title="Petersburg, Virginia">Petersburg</a>, and the counties of <a href="/wiki/Charles_City_County,_Virginia" title="Charles City County, Virginia">Charles City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_Virginia" title="Chesterfield County, Virginia">Chesterfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinwiddie_County,_Virginia" title="Dinwiddie County, Virginia">Dinwiddie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goochland_County,_Virginia" title="Goochland County, Virginia">Goochland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanover_County,_Virginia" title="Hanover County, Virginia">Hanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Kent_County,_Virginia" title="New Kent County, Virginia">New Kent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Powhatan_County,_Virginia" title="Powhatan County, Virginia">Powhatan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_George_County,_Virginia" title="Prince George County, Virginia">Prince George</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RIPE_report-60">[60]</a> On July 1, 2009, the Richmond—Petersburg <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Area">MSA</a>'s population was 1,258,251. Richmond is located 21.69 mi (34.91 km) north of <a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia" title="Petersburg, Virginia">Petersburg, Virginia</a>, 66.1 mi (106.4 km) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville, Virginia</a>, 79.24 mi (127.52 km) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a>, 96.87 mi (155.90 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, and 138.72 mi (223.25 km) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cityscape">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RichmondNSEW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RichmondNSEW.png/220px-RichmondNSEW.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RichmondNSEW.png/330px-RichmondNSEW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RichmondNSEW.png/440px-RichmondNSEW.png 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption>Richmond is often subdivided into the <a href="/wiki/North_Side_(Richmond_Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Side (Richmond Virginia)">North Side</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southside_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Southside (Richmond, Virginia)">Southside</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_End_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="East End (Richmond, Virginia)">East End</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_West_End_(Richmond,_Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="The West End (Richmond, Virginia)">West End</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_of_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Neighborhoods of Richmond, Virginia">Neighborhoods of Richmond, Virginia</a></div> Richmond's original street grid, laid out in 1737, included the area between what are now Broad, 17th, and 25th Streets and the James River. Modern <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Richmond" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Richmond">Downtown Richmond</a> is slightly farther west, on the slopes of Shockoe Hill. Nearby neighborhoods include <a href="/wiki/Shockoe_Bottom" title="Shockoe Bottom">Shockoe Bottom</a>, the historically significant and low-lying area between Shockoe Hill and <a href="/wiki/Church_Hill,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Church Hill, Richmond, Virginia">Church Hill</a>, and Monroe Ward, which contains the <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Hotel_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Jefferson Hotel (Richmond, Virginia)">Jefferson Hotel</a>. Richmond's East End includes neighborhoods like the rapidly gentrifying <a href="/wiki/Church_Hill,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Church Hill, Richmond, Virginia">Church Hill</a>, home to <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church,_Richmond,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Episcopal Church, Richmond, Virginia">St. John's Church</a>, poorer areas like <a href="/wiki/Fulton_Hill" title="Fulton Hill">Fulton</a>, Union Hill, and Fairmont, and public housing projects like <a href="/wiki/Mosby_Court" title="Mosby Court">Mosby Court</a>, Whitcomb Court, Fairfield Court, and Creighton Court closer to <a href="/wiki/Interstate_64" title="Interstate 64">Interstate 64</a>.<a href="#cite_note-neighborhoods-61">[61]</a> The area between Belvidere Street, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_195_(Virginia)" title="Interstate 195 (Virginia)">Interstate 195</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Virginia" title="Interstate 95 in Virginia">Interstate 95</a>, and the river, which includes <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University</a>, is socioeconomically and architecturally diverse. North of Broad Street, the Carver and Newtowne West neighborhoods are demographically similar to neighboring <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Ward" title="Jackson Ward">Jackson Ward</a>.Carver has seen some gentrification due to its proximity to VCU. The affluent area between the <a href="/wiki/Boulevard_(Richmond,_Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulevard (Richmond, Virginia)">Boulevard</a>, Main Street, Broad Street, and VCU, known as the <a href="/wiki/Fan_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Fan district">Fan</a>, is home to <a href="/wiki/Monument_Avenue" title="Monument Avenue">Monument Avenue</a>, an outstanding collection of <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian architecture</a>, and many students. West of the Boulevard is the Museum District, which contains the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Historical_Society" title="Virginia Historical Society">Virginia Historical Society</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Virginia Museum of Fine Arts">Virginia Museum of Fine Arts</a>. South of the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Expressway">Downtown Expressway</a> are <a href="/wiki/Byrd_Park" title="Byrd Park">Byrd Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maymont" title="Maymont">Maymont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Cemetery_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Hollywood Cemetery (Richmond, Virginia)">Hollywood Cemetery</a>, the predominantly black working-class Randolph neighborhood, and white working-class <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Hill" title="Oregon Hill">Oregon Hill</a>. Cary Street between Interstate 195 and the <a href="/wiki/Boulevard_(Richmond,_Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulevard (Richmond, Virginia)">Boulevard</a> is a popular commercial area called <a href="/wiki/Carytown,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Carytown, Richmond, Virginia">Carytown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-neighborhoods-61">[61]</a> Richmond's Northside is home to numerous listed historic districts.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Neighborhoods such as <a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Hill-Plateau_Historic_District_(Richmond,_VA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chestnut Hill-Plateau Historic District (Richmond, VA)">Chestnut Hill-Plateau</a> and Barton Heights began to be developed at the end of the 19th century when the new streetcar system made it possible for people to live on the city's outskirts and commute downtown. Other prominent Northside neighborhoods include Azalea, Barton Heights, Bellevue, Chamberlayne, Ginter Park, Highland Park, and Rosedale.<a href="#cite_note-neighborhoods-61">[61]</a> Farther west is the affluent, suburban <a href="/wiki/The_West_End_(Richmond,_Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="The West End (Richmond, Virginia)">West End</a>. Windsor Farms is among its best-known sections. The West End also includes middle- to low-income neighborhoods, such as Laurel, Farmington, and the areas around the Regency Mall. More affluent areas include Glen Allen, Short Pump, and the areas of Tuckahoe away from Regency Mall, all north and northwest of the city. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Richmond" title="University of Richmond">University of Richmond</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Country_Club_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Country Club of Virginia">Country Club of Virginia</a> are located on this side of town near the Richmond-Henrico border.<a href="#cite_note-neighborhoods-61">[61]</a> The portion of the city south of the James River is known as the Southside. Southside neighborhoods range from the affluent and middle-class suburban Westover Hills, Forest Hill, Southampton, Stratford Hills, Oxford, Huguenot Hills, Hobby Hill, and Woodland Heights to the impoverished <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester, Virginia">Manchester</a> and Blackwell areas, the Hillside Court housing projects, and the ailing Jefferson Davis Highway commercial corridor. Other Southside neighborhoods include Fawnbrook, Broad Rock, Cherry Gardens, Cullenwood, and Beaufont Hills. Much of Southside developed a suburban character as part of <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_Virginia" title="Chesterfield County, Virginia">Chesterfield County</a> before being annexed by Richmond, most notably in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-neighborhoods-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richmond_After_the_Flood_(7790622530).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Richmond_After_the_Flood_%287790622530%29.jpg/220px-Richmond_After_the_Flood_%287790622530%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Richmond_After_the_Flood_%287790622530%29.jpg/330px-Richmond_After_the_Flood_%287790622530%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Richmond_After_the_Flood_%287790622530%29.jpg/440px-Richmond_After_the_Flood_%287790622530%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5550" data-file-height="4350" /></a><figcaption>Flooding of Old Manchester during <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Agnes" title="Hurricane Agnes">Hurricane Agnes</a>, 1972</figcaption></figure> Richmond has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Cfa) or <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trewartha_climate_classification" title="Trewartha climate classification">Trewartha</a>: Do) climate, with hot, humid summers and moderately cold winters.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">The mountains to the west</a> act as a partial barrier to outbreaks of cold, continental air in winter. Arctic air is delayed long enough to be modified and further warmed as it subsides in its approach to Richmond. The open waters of the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a> and Atlantic Ocean contribute to the humid summers and cool winters. The coldest weather normally occurs from late December to early February, and the January daily mean temperature is 37.9 °F (3.3 °C), with an average of 6.0 days with highs at or below the freezing mark.<a href="#cite_note-NWS_Wakefield,_VA_(AKQ)1-65">[65]</a> Richmond's Downtown and areas south and east of downtown are in USDA <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">Hardiness zones</a> 7b. Surrounding suburbs and areas to the north and west of Downtown are in Hardiness Zone 7a.<a href="#cite_note-USDA_PlantHardiness-66">[66]</a> Temperatures seldom fall below 0 °F (−18 °C), with the most recent subzero reading on January 7, 2018, when the temperature reached −3 °F (−19 °C).<a href="#cite_note-NWS_Wakefield,_VA_(AKQ)1-65">[65]</a> The July daily mean temperature is 79.3 °F (26.3 °C), and high temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) approximately 43 days a year; 100 °F (38 °C) temperatures are not uncommon but do not occur every year.<a href="#cite_note-hislocation-67">[67]</a> Extremes in temperature have ranged from −12 °F (−24 °C) on January 19, 1940, to 107 °F (42 °C) on August 6, 1918.<a href="#cite_note-69">[a]</a> The record cold maximum is 11 °F (−12 °C), set on <a href="/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1899#Arctic_cold" title="Great Blizzard of 1899">February 11 and 12, 1899</a>. The record warm minimum is 81 °F (27 °C), set on July 12, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-NWS_Wakefield,_VA_(AKQ)1-65">[65]</a> The warmest months recorded were July 2020 and August 1900, both averaging 82.9°F (28.3 °C). The coldest, January 1940, averaged 24.2 °F (-4.3 °C).<a href="#cite_note-hislocation-67">[67]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monthly_Climate_Normals_(1991-2020)_-_Richmond_Area,_VA(ThreadEx).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Richmond_Area%2C_VA%28ThreadEx%29.svg/220px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Richmond_Area%2C_VA%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Richmond_Area%2C_VA%28ThreadEx%29.svg/330px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Richmond_Area%2C_VA%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Richmond_Area%2C_VA%28ThreadEx%29.svg/440px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Richmond_Area%2C_VA%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Climate chart for Richmond</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">Precipitation</a> is rather uniformly distributed throughout the year. Dry periods lasting several weeks sometimes occur, especially in autumn, when long periods of pleasant, mild weather are most common. There is considerable variability in total monthly precipitation amounts from year to year, so no one month can be depended to be normal. Snow has been recorded during seven of the 12 months. Falls of 4 in (10 cm) or more within 24 hours occur once a year on average.<a href="#cite_note-NWS_Wakefield,_VA_(AKQ)1-65">[65]</a> Annual snowfall is usually moderate, averaging 10.5 in (27 cm) per season.<a href="#cite_note-NWS_Wakefield,_VA_(AKQ)1-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> Snow typically remains on the ground for only one or two days, but it remained for 16 days in 2010 (January 30 to February 14). Ice storms (freezing rain or glaze) are not uncommon, but they are seldom severe enough to cause considerable damage. The <a href="/wiki/James_River" title="James River">James River</a> reaches tidewater at Richmond, where flooding may occur in any month of the year, most frequently in March and least in July. <a href="/wiki/Hurricanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricanes">Hurricanes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_storms" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical storms">tropical storms</a> have been responsible for most flooding during the summer and early fall months. Hurricanes passing near Richmond have produced record rainfalls. In 1955, three hurricanes, including <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Connie" title="Hurricane Connie">Hurricane Connie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Diane" title="Hurricane Diane">Hurricane Diane</a>, which brought heavy rains five days apart, produced record rainfall in a six-week period. In 2004, the downtown area suffered extensive flood damage after the remnants of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gaston_(2004)" title="Hurricane Gaston (2004)">Hurricane Gaston</a> dumped up to 12 in (300 mm) of rain.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> Damaging storms occur mainly from snow and <a href="/wiki/Freezing_rain" title="Freezing rain">freezing rain</a> in winter, and from hurricanes, tornadoes, and severe thunderstorms in other seasons. Damage can come from wind, flooding, rain, or a combination of the three. <a href="/wiki/Tornadoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tornadoes">Tornadoes</a> are infrequent, but some notable ones have been observed in the Richmond area. Downtown Richmond averages 84 days of nighttime frost annually. Nighttime frost is more common in areas north and west of Downtown and less common south and east of downtown.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> From 1981 to 2010, the average first temperature at or below freezing was on October 30 and the average last one on April 10.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Richmond_International_Airport" title="Richmond International Airport">Richmond International Airport</a>, Virginia (1991–2020 normals,<a href="#cite_note-74">[b]</a> extremes 1887–present<a href="#cite_note-75">[c]</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81 (27) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83 (28) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94 (34) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96 (36) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100 (38) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104 (40) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105 (41) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107 (42) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">103 (39) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86 (30) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81 (27) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">107 (42) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.1 (21.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.6 (22.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.5 (26.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.7 (30.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.5 (33.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.6 (35.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.6 (37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.7 (35.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.9 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.4 (30.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.1 (25.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.7 (22.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">99.6 (37.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.8 (8.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.6 (10.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.6 (15.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.4 (21.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.8 (25.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.6 (29.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.5 (31.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.5 (30.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.2 (27.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.9 (21.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.4 (15.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.5 (10.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">69.5 (20.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.3 (3.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.0 (5.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.4 (9.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.4 (14.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.7 (19.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.0 (23.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.4 (26.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.5 (25.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.2 (21.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.0 (15.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.6 (9.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.8 (5.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">58.9 (14.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8 (−1.8) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4 (−0.9) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2 (2.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.4 (8.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.7 (13.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.5 (18.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.2 (20.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.6 (19.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.1 (16.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.0 (9.4) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.8 (3.8) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1 (0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48.4 (9.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 (−11.6) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0 (−8.9) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6 (−5.8) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9 (−0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.1 (5.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.4 (11.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.9 (16.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.3 (15.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.8 (9.3) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4 (1.3) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (−4.3) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2 (−7.7) </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.1 (−12.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−12 (−24) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10 (−23) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 (−12) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (−7) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 (−1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 (4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 (11) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46 (8) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 (2) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21 (−6) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 (−12) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2 (−19) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−12 (−24) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.23 (82) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.61 (66) </td> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.00 (102) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.18 (81) </td> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.00 (102) </td> <td style="background: #49FF49; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.64 (118) </td> <td style="background: #59FF59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.37 (111) </td> <td style="background: #46FF46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.90 (124) </td> <td style="background: #4AFF4A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.61 (117) </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.39 (86) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.06 (78) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.51 (89) </td> <td style="background: #6CFF6C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">45.50 (1,156) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">3.7 (9.4) </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 (5.6) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (2.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 (4.6) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.8 (22) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) </th> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">118.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.9 </td> <td style="background: #0404FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.6 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.0 </td> <td style="background: #1616FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000D6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000E3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000F5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8 (−4.0) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4 (−3.1) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6 (0.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.5 (5.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.1 (12.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.0 (17.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.6 (19.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.3 (19.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.6 (15.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.4 (9.1) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.1 (3.4) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5 (−1.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.2 (7.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172.5 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.7 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">233.3 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">261.6 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB04; color:#000000;" class="notheme">288.0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F214; color:#000000;" class="notheme">306.4 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">301.4 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">278.9 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">237.9 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">222.8 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">183.5 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163.0 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,829 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">64 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a> (relative humidity and sunshine hours 1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-NWS_Wakefield,_VA_(AKQ)1-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-NCDC_TXT_KRIC-76">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-WMO_1961–90_KRIC-77">[74]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather Atlas<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> See or edit <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Richmond,_Virginia.tab" class="extiw" title="commons:data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Richmond, Virginia.tab">raw graph data</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1790_United_States_census" title="1790 United States census">1790</a></th><td>3,761</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census">1800</a></th><td>5,737</td><td></td><td>52.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810</a></th><td>9,735</td><td></td><td>69.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></th><td>12,067</td><td></td><td>24.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td>16,060</td><td></td><td>33.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>20,153</td><td></td><td>25.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>27,570</td><td></td><td>36.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>37,910</td><td></td><td>37.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>51,038</td><td></td><td>34.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>63,600</td><td></td><td>24.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>81,388</td><td></td><td>28.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>85,050</td><td></td><td>4.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>127,628</td><td></td><td>50.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>171,667</td><td></td><td>34.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>182,929</td><td></td><td>6.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>193,042</td><td></td><td>5.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>230,310</td><td></td><td>19.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>219,958</td><td></td><td>−4.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>249,621</td><td></td><td>13.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>219,214</td><td></td><td>−12.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>203,056</td><td></td><td>−7.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>197,790</td><td></td><td>−2.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>204,214</td><td></td><td>3.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>226,610</td><td></td><td>11.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2022 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">229,395</td><td></td><td>1.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">U.S. Decennial Census<a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-79">[76]</a> 1790–1960<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> 1900–1990<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> 1990–2000<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> 2010–2020<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> Richmond's population is approximately 226,000. As an independent city, Richmond is surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico County</a>, which has a population of about 334,000. The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Richmond_Region" title="Greater Richmond Region">Greater Richmond region</a> has an estimated population of about 1.3 million. <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Richmond, Virginia – Racial and ethnic composition <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) </th> <th>Pop 2000<a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-84">[81]</a> </th> <th>Pop 2010<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> (NH) </td> <td>74,506 </td> <td>79,813 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">95,220 </td> <td>37.67% </td> <td>39.08% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">42.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> (NH) </td> <td>112,455 </td> <td>102,264 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">90,490 </td> <td>56.86% </td> <td>50.08% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">39.93% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> (NH) </td> <td>460 </td> <td>514 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">440 </td> <td>0.23% </td> <td>0.25% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.19% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> (NH) </td> <td>2,437 </td> <td>4,679 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">6,199 </td> <td>1.23% </td> <td>2.29% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2.74% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> (NH) </td> <td>66 </td> <td>93 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">69 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Some Other Race (NH) </td> <td>319 </td> <td>367 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1,378 </td> <td>0.16% </td> <td>0.18% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.61% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed Race or Multi-Racial</a> (NH) </td> <td>2,473 </td> <td>3,681 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">9,067 </td> <td>1.25% </td> <td>1.80% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">4.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>5,074 </td> <td>12,803 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">23,747 </td> <td>2.57% </td> <td>6.27% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">10.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td>197,790 </td> <td>204,214 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">226,610 </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">100.00% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Ancestry in Richmond, VA (2014-2018)<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Origin</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> (Does not include West Indian or African)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:dodgerblue; width:45.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">45.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/English_American" class="mw-redirect" title="English American">English American</a> (Includes "American" ancestry)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:lightblue; width:12.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">12.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Scottish or Irish American (Includes Scots-Irish)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:9.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">9.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">German American</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:7.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Central_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Central American">Central American</a> (Includes Honduran, Salvadoran, Costa Rican, etc.)</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkred; width:3.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican American</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:lightgreen; width:1.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:20.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">20.4%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> As of the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 United States census</a>, there were 204,214 people living in the city. 50.6% were <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black or African American</a>, 40.8% <a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a>, 2.3% <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a>, 0.3% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands American">Pacific Islander</a>, 3.6% of some other race and 2.3% <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">of two or more races</a>. 6.3% were <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (of any race).<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Richmond_(5560433168).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Richmond_%285560433168%29.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Richmond_%285560433168%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Richmond_%285560433168%29.png/330px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Richmond_%285560433168%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Richmond_%285560433168%29.png/440px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Richmond_%285560433168%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="3009" /></a><figcaption>Map of racial distribution in Richmond, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>⬤ White <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Black <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Asian <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Hispanic <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Other</figcaption></figure> As of the census<a href="#cite_note-GR8-90">[87]</a> of 2000, there were 197,790 people, 84,549 households, and 43,627 families living in the city. The population density was 3,292.6/sq mi (1,271.3/km2). There were 92,282 housing units at an average density of 1,536.2/sq mi (593.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 57.2% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 38.3% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 0.2% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 1.3% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 1.5% from <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and 1.5% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 2.6% of the population. There were 84,549 households, out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.1% were married couples living together, 20.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.4% were non-families. 37.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.95. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 21.8% under the age of 18, 13.1% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $31,121, and the median income for a family was $38,348. Males had a median income of $30,874 versus $25,880 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,337. About 17.1% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.9% of those under age 18 and 15.8% of those age 65 or over. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</a>]</div> Richmond experienced a spike in overall crime, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Murder_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder rate">murder rate</a>, during the 1980s, 1990s, and the early 2000s, when it was consistently ranked as one of the most dangerous cities in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Morgan_Quitno-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-cqpress-92">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> Since the late 2000s, various forms of crime have significantly decreased in the city.<a href="#cite_note-CLR-95">[92]</a> Its major crime rate, including violent and property crimes, decreased 47 percent between 2004 and 2009 to its lowest level in more than a quarter of a century.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_Bowes-96">[93]</a> In 2008, Richmond had fallen to 49th on a <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Quitno_Press" title="Morgan Quitno Press">Morgan Quitno Press</a> ranking of the most dangerous cities in the United States, and the city recorded its lowest homicide rate since 1971.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_Reed-97">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-2008_rankings-98">[95]</a> By 2012, Richmond was no longer in the top 200.<a href="#cite_note-2012_rankings-99">[96]</a> In recent years, Richmond, like other cities, has had a slight increase in homicides, although violent and other forms of crime remain below the national average.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> In 1786, the Virginia General Assembly adopted the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Statute_for_Religious_Freedom" title="Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom">Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, wrote in 1779. The <a href="/wiki/First_Freedom_Center" title="First Freedom Center">First Freedom Center</a> now commemorates the site. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MJK50172_Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_(Richmond,_Virginia).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/MJK50172_Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_%28Richmond%2C_Virginia%29.jpg/170px-MJK50172_Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_%28Richmond%2C_Virginia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/MJK50172_Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_%28Richmond%2C_Virginia%29.jpg/255px-MJK50172_Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_%28Richmond%2C_Virginia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/MJK50172_Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_%28Richmond%2C_Virginia%29.jpg/340px-MJK50172_Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_%28Richmond%2C_Virginia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3794" data-file-height="4742" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_in_Richmond" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Richmond">Cathedral of the Sacred Heart</a>, dedicated in 1906</figcaption></figure> Richmond has several historic churches, including several prominent Anglican/Episcopal ones from before the Revolutionary War, <a href="/wiki/Monumental_Church" title="Monumental Church">Monumental Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Episcopal_Church_of_Richmond,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul's Episcopal Church of Richmond, Virginia">St. Paul's Episcopal Church</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Church,_Richmond,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John's Church, Richmond, Virginia">St. John's Episcopal Church</a>. Methodists and Baptists built subsequent early Richmond churches. The first, <a href="/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="First Baptist Church (Richmond, Virginia)">First Baptist Church of Richmond</a>, was established in 1780. The First Presbyterian Church, organized on June 18, 1812, was the city's first <a href="/wiki/Reformed_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed church">Reformed church</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Second_Presbyterian_Church_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Second Presbyterian Church (Richmond, Virginia)">Second Presbyterian Church of Richmond</a>, founded February 5, 1845, where <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Stonewall Jackson</a> worshiped, was Richmond's first <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> building and <a href="/wiki/Gas_lighting" title="Gas lighting">gas-lit</a> church.<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Church_(Richmond,_Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter's Church (Richmond, Virginia)">St. Peter's Church</a>, dedicated May 25, 1834, was the first Catholic church.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_in_Richmond" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Richmond">Cathedral of the Sacred Heart</a>, dedicated 72 years later, is the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Richmond" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond">Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mother_church" title="Mother church">mother church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Oldest_synagogues_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Oldest synagogues in the United States">first Jewish congregation</a> in Richmond, and the sixth in the United States, was Kahal Kadosh Beth Shalom. By 1822, Beth Shalom members worshipped in Virginia's first synagogue. Eventually, the congregation merged with its offshoot, <a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beth_Ahabah" title="Congregation Beth Ahabah">Congregation Beth Ahabah</a>. Richmond has two Orthodox Synagogues, Keneseth Beth Israel and Chabad of Virginia.<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> An Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Yeshivah" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivah">Yeshivah</a> K–12 school system, Rudlin Torah Academy, includes a post high-school program. The city also is home to two Conservative synagogues, Beth El and Or Atid; and two Reform synagogues, Beth Ahabah and Or Ami. Other Jewish charitable, educational, and social service institutions serving Richmond include the Weinstein Jewish Community Center, Jewish Family Services, Jewish Community Federation of Richmond, and the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Jewish_Foundation" title="Richmond Jewish Foundation">Richmond Jewish Foundation</a>. <a href="/wiki/Immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigrants">Immigrants</a> brought their religions to Richmond and built churches. Germans formed <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_United_Church_of_Christ,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="St. John's United Church of Christ, Richmond, Virginia">St. John's German Evangelical church</a> in 1843. Greeks held Saints Constantine and Helen Greek Orthodox Cathedral's first worship service in 1917 in a rented room at 309 North 7th Street. The cathedral relocated to 30 Malvern Avenue in 1960. It is one of two Eastern Orthodox churches in Richmond and home to the annual Richmond Greek Festival.<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> There are seven <a href="/wiki/Masjid" class="mw-redirect" title="Masjid">masjids</a> in the Greater Richmond area, with three more in construction<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> to accommodate the growing Muslim population. The first was Masjid Bilal.<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> In the 1950s, Muslims from the East End organized under Nation of Islam (NOI), meeting in Temple No. 24 on North Avenue. After the 1975 NOI split, Muslims who joined mainstream Islam started meeting at Shabaaz Restaurant on Nine Mile Road. By 1976, the Muslims met in a rented church they unsuccessfully tried to buy. Ultimately, the congregation bought an old grocery store on Chimbarazoo Boulevard, where Masjid Bilal is now located. Initially called "Masjid Muhammad No. 24," it was given its current name in 1990. The next masjid was the Islamic Center of Virginia, ICVA,<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> established in 1973 as a non-profit, tax-exempt organization. After successful fundraising, ICVA bought land on Buford Road and began constructing the new masjid in the early 1980s. The other five masjids in the Richmond area are Islamic Center of Richmond (ICR)<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> in the West End; Masjid Umm Barakah<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> on 2nd Street, Downtown; Islamic Society of Greater Richmond (ISGR) in the West End end; Masjidullah<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> in the north side; and Masjid Ar-Rahman<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> in the East End. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WattsHallUnionPresbyterianSeminary.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/WattsHallUnionPresbyterianSeminary.JPG/220px-WattsHallUnionPresbyterianSeminary.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/WattsHallUnionPresbyterianSeminary.JPG/330px-WattsHallUnionPresbyterianSeminary.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/WattsHallUnionPresbyterianSeminary.JPG/440px-WattsHallUnionPresbyterianSeminary.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Watts Hall at <a href="/wiki/Union_Presbyterian_Seminary" title="Union Presbyterian Seminary">Union Presbyterian Seminary</a></figcaption></figure> Some 6,000 Indian families resided in the Richmond region as of 2011. <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> is actively practiced at several temples and cultural centers. The two best known are the Cultural Center of India (CCI), off Iron Bridge Road in Chesterfield County, and the Hindu Center of Virginia, in Henrico County, which won national acclaim as Virginia's first <a href="/wiki/LEED_certified" class="mw-redirect" title="LEED certified">LEED certified</a> religious facility. <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">Seminaries</a> in Richmond include <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Union_University" title="Virginia Union University">Virginia Union University</a>'s school of theology, <a href="/wiki/Union_Theological_Seminary_%26_Presbyterian_School_of_Christian_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education">Union Presbyterian Seminary</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Theological_Seminary_at_Richmond" title="Baptist Theological Seminary at Richmond">Baptist Theological Seminary at Richmond</a>. The McCollough Theological Seminary of the <a href="/wiki/United_House_of_Prayer_for_All_People" title="United House of Prayer for All People">United House of Prayer For All People</a> is in the <a href="/wiki/Church_Hill,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Church Hill, Richmond, Virginia">Church Hill</a> neighborhood. Bishops sitting in Richmond include those of the Episcopal Diocese of Virginia, the denomination's largest; the Richmond Area of the United Methodist Church (Virginia Annual Conference), the second largest and one of the oldest in the nation. The Presbytery of the James—Presbyterian Church (USA) – also is in the Richmond area. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Richmond" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond">Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond</a> was canonically erected by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a> on July 11, 1820, and today has 235,816 members in 146 parishes.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> The city of Richmond is <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_in_Richmond" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Richmond">Cathedral of the Sacred Heart</a> is home to the current bishop, Most Reverend <a href="/wiki/Barry_C._Knestout" title="Barry C. Knestout">Barry C. Knestout</a>, appointed by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> on December 15, 2017. <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> has three stakes, or organizational units of multiple congregations, in the greater Richmond area. At year-end 2017, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reported 95,379 members in 200 congregations in 22 stakes <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Virginia" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Virginia">across Virginia</a>).<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> In April 2018, church president <a href="/wiki/Russell_M._Nelson" title="Russell M. Nelson">Russell M. Nelson</a> announced a new <a href="/wiki/Temple_(LDS_Church)" title="Temple (LDS Church)">temple</a> to be built in Virginia. The church's first temple in the state is in Glen Allen, northwest of Richmond.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tobacco_Warehouse_Interior,_Richmond,_Virginia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tobacco_Warehouse_Interior%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia.jpg/220px-Tobacco_Warehouse_Interior%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tobacco_Warehouse_Interior%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia.jpg/330px-Tobacco_Warehouse_Interior%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tobacco_Warehouse_Interior%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia.jpg/440px-Tobacco_Warehouse_Interior%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption>Richmond tobacco warehouse c. 1910s</figcaption></figure> Richmond's strategic location on the <a href="/wiki/James_River" title="James River">James River</a> at the rocky <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Seaboard_fall_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Seaboard fall line">fall line</a> separating Virginia's <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_region_of_Virginia" title="Piedmont region of Virginia">Piedmont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tidewater_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidewater region">Tidewater regions</a> made it a natural development point for commerce. For centuries and three modes of transportation — boats, with the Great Turning Basin; railroad, with the world's only <a href="/wiki/Triple_Crossing" title="Triple Crossing">triple crossing</a> of rail lines; and cars, with two intersecting major interstates— the downtown has always been a natural hub. Law and finance have long been driving forces in the economy.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> Richmond is home to the Virginia Supreme Court; one of the four courts in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia; one of the four divisions of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia;<a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit</a>, one of thirteen such <a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">appeals courts</a>. Richmond is headquarters to some large law firms: <a href="/wiki/Hunton_Andrews_Kurth" title="Hunton Andrews Kurth">Hunton Andrews Kurth</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGuireWoods" title="McGuireWoods">McGuireWoods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Williams_Mullen" title="Williams Mullen">Williams Mullen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Troutman_Sanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Troutman Sanders">Troutman Sanders</a>, which merged with Richmond-based Mays & Valentine LLP in 2001, also has a significant presence. The city also is home to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Richmond" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond">Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond</a>, one of twelve such <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">banks</a>, with many large financial and other companies having significant offices, like <a href="/wiki/Genworth_Financial" title="Genworth Financial">Genworth Financial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capital_One" title="Capital One">Capital One</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Morris_USA" title="Philip Morris USA">Philip Morris USA</a>, and several banks and brokerages. Since the 1960s, Richmond has been a prominent hub for advertising agencies and related businesses. One of the most notable Richmond-based agencies, <a href="/wiki/The_Martin_Agency" title="The Martin Agency">The Martin Agency</a>, was founded in 1965 and employs 500. With local advertising agency support, <a href="/wiki/VCU" class="mw-redirect" title="VCU">VCU</a>'s graduate advertising school (VCU Brandcenter) has consistently ranked as the best graduate advertising program in the country.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> Richmond is home to the rapidly developing Virginia BioTechnology Research Park,<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> which opened in 1995 as a biotechnology and pharmaceutical incubator. Located adjacent to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus of <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University</a>, the park has over 575,000 sq ft (53,400 m2) of research, laboratory, and office space for a diverse tenant mix of companies, research institutes, government laboratories, and non-profit organizations. The <a href="/wiki/United_Network_for_Organ_Sharing" title="United Network for Organ Sharing">United Network for Organ Sharing</a>, which maintains the nation's <a href="/wiki/Organ_transplant" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ transplant">organ transplant</a> waiting list, occupies one building in the park. <a href="/wiki/Philip_Morris_USA" title="Philip Morris USA">Philip Morris USA</a> opened a $350 million research and development facility in the park in 2007. Once fully developed[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>], park officials expect the site to employ roughly 3,000 scientists, technicians and engineers. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Falls_of_the_James,_Downtown_Richmond,_Virginia,_2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Falls_of_the_James%2C_Downtown_Richmond%2C_Virginia%2C_2008.JPG/220px-Falls_of_the_James%2C_Downtown_Richmond%2C_Virginia%2C_2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Falls_of_the_James%2C_Downtown_Richmond%2C_Virginia%2C_2008.JPG/330px-Falls_of_the_James%2C_Downtown_Richmond%2C_Virginia%2C_2008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Falls_of_the_James%2C_Downtown_Richmond%2C_Virginia%2C_2008.JPG/440px-Falls_of_the_James%2C_Downtown_Richmond%2C_Virginia%2C_2008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The James River</figcaption></figure> Richmond's revitalized downtown includes the Canal Walk, a new Greater Richmond Convention Center, and expansion on both <a href="/wiki/VCU" class="mw-redirect" title="VCU">VCU</a> campuses. A new performing arts center, <a href="/wiki/Richmond_CenterStage" title="Richmond CenterStage">Richmond CenterStage</a>,<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> opened on September 12, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-centerstage-125">[122]</a> The complex included a renovation of the Carpenter Center and construction of a new multipurpose hall, community playhouse, and arts education center in parts of the old Thalhimers department store.<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Microbrewery" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbrewery">Craft beer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">cider</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">liquor</a> production is also growing in the River City, with twelve micro-breweries in the city. The oldest is Legend Brewery, founded in 1994. Two cideries, Buskey Cider and Blue Bee Cider, are located in the popular beverage neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Scott%27s_Addition_Historic_District" title="Scott's Addition Historic District">Scott's Addition</a>,<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> which has nine breweries, one <a href="/wiki/Meadery" title="Meadery">meadery</a>, and one distillery.<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a> Richmond's three <a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">distilleries</a> are Reservoir Distillery, founded in 2010; Belle Isle Craft Spirits, started in 2013; and James River Distillery, established in 2014. Richmond is attracting film and television industry attention. Several high-profile films have been shot in the metro region, including the major motion picture <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_(2012_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln (2012 film)">Lincoln</a>, for which <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> won his third Oscar; <a href="/wiki/Killing_Kennedy_(film)" title="Killing Kennedy (film)">Killing Kennedy</a> with <a href="/wiki/Rob_Lowe" title="Rob Lowe">Rob Lowe</a>, airing on the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Channel">National Geographic Channel</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Turn:_Washington%27s_Spies" title="Turn: Washington's Spies">Turn</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Bell" title="Jamie Bell">Jamie Bell</a> and airing on <a href="/wiki/AMC_(TV_channel)" title="AMC (TV channel)">AMC</a>. Richmond was the main filming location for the <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> drama series Mercy Street, which premiered in Winter 2016. Several organizations, including the Virginia Film Office and the Virginia Production Alliance, and events, like the Richmond International Film Festival and French Film Festival, continue to draw film and media professionals to the region. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporations">Corporations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Corporations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_Richmond_Business_District.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/City_of_Richmond_Business_District.jpg/220px-City_of_Richmond_Business_District.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/City_of_Richmond_Business_District.jpg/330px-City_of_Richmond_Business_District.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/City_of_Richmond_Business_District.jpg/440px-City_of_Richmond_Business_District.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2148" /></a><figcaption>Six <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies are headquartered in the Richmond area.</figcaption></figure> Greater Richmond was named the third-best city for business by <a href="/wiki/MarketWatch" title="MarketWatch">MarketWatch</a> in September 2007, ranking behind Minneapolis and Denver and above Boston. The area is home to six <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies: electric utility <a href="/wiki/Dominion_Energy" title="Dominion Energy">Dominion Energy</a>; <a href="/wiki/CarMax" title="CarMax">CarMax</a>; <a href="/wiki/Owens_%26_Minor" title="Owens & Minor">Owens & Minor</a>; <a href="/wiki/Genworth_Financial" title="Genworth Financial">Genworth Financial</a>; <a href="/wiki/MeadWestvaco" title="MeadWestvaco">MeadWestvaco</a>/ <a href="/wiki/WestRock" title="WestRock">WestRock</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Altria_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Altria Group">Altria Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fortune500-14">[14]</a> Dominion Energy is the only headquartered in the city of Richmond. The others are located in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hanover_County,_Virginia" title="Hanover County, Virginia">Hanover</a> counties.<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> In February 2006, <a href="/wiki/MeadWestvaco" title="MeadWestvaco">MeadWestvaco</a> announced a 2008 move from <a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford, Connecticut</a>, to Richmond with assistance from the Greater Richmond Partnership,<a href="#cite_note-ATL_Business_Chronicle_-_MWV-130">[127]</a> a regional economic development organization that also helped locate <a href="/wiki/Aditya_Birla_Minacs" class="mw-redirect" title="Aditya Birla Minacs">Aditya Birla Minacs</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Yahoo_Finance_-_Minacs-131">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Retailing_Today_-_Amazon-132">[129]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Honeywell_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Honeywell International">Honeywell International</a><a href="#cite_note-Business_Facilities_-_Honeywell-133">[130]</a> to the region. In 2008, Altria moved its corporate HQ from New York City to Henrico County. In July 2015, MeadWestvaco merged with Georgia-based Rock-Tenn Company creating <a href="/wiki/WestRock" title="WestRock">WestRock</a> Company. Other <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies without headquarters but with a significant presence in the Richmond area include <a href="/wiki/SunTrust_Banks" title="SunTrust Banks">SunTrust Banks</a> (based in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>), <a href="/wiki/Capital_One" title="Capital One">Capital One</a> (officially based in <a href="/wiki/McLean,_Virginia" title="McLean, Virginia">McLean, Virginia</a>, but founded in and with its operations center and most employees in the Richmond area), and medical and pharmaceutical giant <a href="/wiki/McKesson_Corporation" title="McKesson Corporation">McKesson Corporation</a> (based in Las Colinas, Texas). <a href="/wiki/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific" title="Thermo Fisher Scientific">Thermo Fisher Scientific</a> came to the Richmond area in December 2021 when it acquired the contract research organization <a href="/wiki/PPD,_Inc." title="PPD, Inc.">PPD</a>. Capital One and Philip Morris USA are two of the largest private Richmond-area employers. <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> maintains a production facility in South Richmond known as the Spruance Plant. <a href="/wiki/UPS_Freight" class="mw-redirect" title="UPS Freight">UPS Freight</a>, the less-than-truckload division of <a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">United Parcel Service</a> has its corporate headquarters in Richmond. Other companies based in Richmond include engineering specialists <a href="/wiki/CTI_Consultants" title="CTI Consultants">CTI Consultants</a>; chemical company <a href="/wiki/NewMarket_Corporation" title="NewMarket Corporation">NewMarket</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brink%27s" title="Brink's">Brink's</a>, the security and armored car company; <a href="/wiki/Estes_Express_Lines" title="Estes Express Lines">Estes Express Lines</a>, a freight carrier; <a href="/wiki/Universal_Corporation" title="Universal Corporation">Universal Corporation</a>, a tobacco merchant; <a href="/wiki/Cavalier_Telephone_and_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavalier Telephone and TV">Cavalier Telephone</a>, now Windstream, a telephone, internet, and digital television provider formed in Richmond in 1998; <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Bekaert_%26_Holland" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry Bekaert & Holland">Cherry Bekaert & Holland</a>, a top 30 accounting firm serving the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeast</a>; the law firm of <a href="/wiki/McGuireWoods" title="McGuireWoods">McGuireWoods</a>; <a href="/wiki/Elephant_Insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Elephant Insurance">Elephant Insurance</a>, an insurance company subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Admiral_Group" title="Admiral Group">Admiral Group</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Media_General" title="Media General">Media General</a>, a company specializing in broadcast media. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poverty">Poverty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Poverty">edit</a>]</div> As of 2016, 24.8% of Richmond residents live below the <a href="/wiki/Federal_poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal poverty line">federal poverty line</a>, the second-highest among the 30 largest cities and counties in Virginia.<a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Annie_E._Casey_Foundation" title="Annie E. Casey Foundation">Annie E. Casey Foundation</a> report issued in 2016 also determined that Richmond had a <a href="/wiki/Child_poverty" title="Child poverty">child poverty</a> rate of 39%, more than double Virginia's overall rate.<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> As of 2016, Richmond had the second-highest rate of <a href="/wiki/Eviction" title="Eviction">eviction</a> filings and judgments of any American city with a population of 100,000 or more (in states where complete data was available).<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> Some Richmond neighborhoods, such as the <a href="/wiki/Creighton_Court" title="Creighton Court">Creighton Court</a> public-housing complex, have high concentrations of poverty.<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Arts and culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_monuments">Museums and monuments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Museums and monuments">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virginia_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_(historic_entrance).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Virginia_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_%28historic_entrance%29.JPG/220px-Virginia_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_%28historic_entrance%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Virginia_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_%28historic_entrance%29.JPG/330px-Virginia_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_%28historic_entrance%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Virginia_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_%28historic_entrance%29.JPG/440px-Virginia_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_%28historic_entrance%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The original 1936 entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Virginia Museum of Fine Arts">Virginia Museum of Fine Arts</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Museum_District,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Museum District, Richmond, Virginia">Museum District</a></figcaption></figure> Several of the city's large general museums are located on or near Arthur Ashe Boulevard, in what is referred to as the Museum District. The <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Historical_Society" title="Virginia Historical Society">Virginia Historical Society</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Virginia Museum of Fine Arts">Virginia Museum of Fine Arts</a> are on the Boulevard. Nearby is the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_of_Virginia" title="Science Museum of Virginia">Science Museum of Virginia</a>, housed on Broad Street in the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">neoclassical</a> former 1919 Broad Street Union Station. Immediately adjacent is the <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Museum_of_Richmond" title="Children's Museum of Richmond">Children's Museum of Richmond</a>, and two blocks away is the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Center_for_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Center for Architecture">Virginia Center for Architecture</a>. Downtown has the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Virginia" title="Library of Virginia">Library of Virginia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Valentine_Richmond_History_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentine Richmond History Center">Valentine Richmond History Center</a>. The city also has the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Holocaust_Museum" title="Virginia Holocaust Museum">Virginia Holocaust Museum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Old_Dominion_Railway_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Dominion Railway Museum">Old Dominion Railway Museum</a>. Richmond is home to several American Civil War museums and battlefields. The <a href="/wiki/Richmond_National_Battlefield_Park" title="Richmond National Battlefield Park">Richmond National Battlefield Park</a> Visitors Center and the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_Center_at_Historic_Tredegar" class="mw-redirect" title="American Civil War Center at Historic Tredegar">American Civil War Center at Historic Tredegar</a> are near the riverfront, both housed in the former buildings of the <a href="/wiki/Tredegar_Iron_Works" title="Tredegar Iron Works">Tredegar Iron Works</a>, where much of the South's war ordnance was produced. In <a href="/wiki/Court_End" title="Court End">Court End</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Capitol" title="Virginia State Capitol">Virginia State Capitol</a>, is the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of the Confederacy">Museum of the Confederacy</a> and the Davis Mansion, also known as the Confederacy's White House. Both feature a wide variety of objects and material from the era. The temporary home of <a href="/wiki/General_Robert_E._Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="General Robert E. Lee">General Robert E. Lee</a> still stands Downtown on Franklin Street. The <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Virginia" title="History of slavery in Virginia">history of slavery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emancipation" title="Emancipation">emancipation</a> are increasingly being represented in the city. There is a former slave trail along the river that leads to Ancarrow's Boat Ramp and Historic Site, which has been developed with interpretive signage. In 2007, the Reconciliation Statue was placed in Shockoe Bottom, with corresponding statues installed in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> representing points in the <a href="/wiki/Triangle_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Triangle Trade">Triangle Trade</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virginia_Washington_Monument_2011.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Virginia_Washington_Monument_2011.JPG/220px-Virginia_Washington_Monument_2011.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Virginia_Washington_Monument_2011.JPG/330px-Virginia_Washington_Monument_2011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Virginia_Washington_Monument_2011.JPG/440px-Virginia_Washington_Monument_2011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Washington_Monument" title="Virginia Washington Monument">Virginia Washington Monument</a> features a <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a> of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> on horseback along with six other notable Virginians depicted below, who all took part in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American revolution</a></figcaption></figure> Other historical points of interest include <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church,_Richmond,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Episcopal Church, Richmond, Virginia">St. John's Church</a>, the site of <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a>'s famous "<a href="/wiki/Give_me_liberty_or_give_me_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Give me liberty or give me death">Give me liberty or give me death</a>" speech, and the <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe_Museum_(Richmond)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar Allan Poe Museum (Richmond)">Edgar Allan Poe Museum</a> features many of his writings and other artifacts of his life, particularly when he lived in the city as a child, student, and successful writer. The <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a> House, home of the former <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a>, is also Downtown and features many of his writings and objects from his life. <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Cemetery_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Hollywood Cemetery (Richmond, Virginia)">Hollywood Cemetery</a> is where two <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. Presidents</a> and many Civil War officers and soldiers are buried. <a href="/wiki/Beth_Ahabah_Museum_%26_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="Beth Ahabah Museum & Archives">Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives</a> collects, preserves, and exhibits materials that focus on Jewish history and culture specifically connected to Richmond.<a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Washington_Monument" title="Virginia Washington Monument">Virginia Washington monument</a> was designed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crawford_(sculptor)" title="Thomas Crawford (sculptor)">Thomas Crawford</a> and completed under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Randolph_Rogers" title="Randolph Rogers">Randolph Rogers</a> after Crawford's death. It became the second <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue" title="Equestrian statue">equestrian statue</a> of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> to be unveiled in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (following the <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(New_York_City)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (New York City)">one</a> in <a href="/wiki/Union_Square_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Square (New York City)">Union Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, unveiled in 1856). It was not completed until 1869. Located also near Byrd Park is the famous <a href="/wiki/World_War_I_Memorial_Carillon" class="mw-redirect" title="World War I Memorial Carillon">World War I Memorial Carillon</a>, a 56-bell <a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">carillon</a> tower. Dedicated in 1956, the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_War_Memorial" title="Virginia War Memorial">Virginia War Memorial</a> is located on Belvedere overlooking the river and is a monument to Virginians who died in battle in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agecroft_Hall" title="Agecroft Hall">Agecroft Hall</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Tudor_period" title="Tudor period">Tudor</a> <a href="/wiki/Manor_house" title="Manor house">manor house</a> and estate located on the James River in the <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Farms" title="Windsor Farms">Windsor Farms</a> neighborhood of Richmond. The manor house was built in the late 15th century and was originally located in the <a href="/wiki/Agecroft" title="Agecroft">Agecroft</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Pendlebury" title="Pendlebury">Pendlebury</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">historic county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_and_performing_arts">Visual and performing arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Visual and performing arts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carpenter_Theatre_Richmond_Va.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Carpenter_Theatre_Richmond_Va.JPG/170px-Carpenter_Theatre_Richmond_Va.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Carpenter_Theatre_Richmond_Va.JPG/255px-Carpenter_Theatre_Richmond_Va.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Carpenter_Theatre_Richmond_Va.JPG/340px-Carpenter_Theatre_Richmond_Va.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>The Carpenter Theatre opened in 1928 and is currently known as <a href="/wiki/Richmond_CenterStage" title="Richmond CenterStage">Dominion Energy Center</a></figcaption></figure> Musicians of note associated with Richmond include <a href="/wiki/Jason_Mraz" title="Jason Mraz">Jason Mraz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Dean" title="Jimmy Dean">Jimmy Dean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agents_of_Good_Roots" title="Agents of Good Roots">Agents of Good Roots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mann" title="Aimee Mann">Aimee Mann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Thunderpussy" title="Alabama Thunderpussy">Alabama Thunderpussy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avail" title="Avail">Avail</a>,<a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a> <a href="/wiki/Broadside_(band)" title="Broadside (band)">Broadside</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_Leaf" title="Carbon Leaf">Carbon Leaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Corpse" title="Cannabis Corpse">Cannabis Corpse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cracker_(band)" title="Cracker (band)">Cracker</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%27Angelo" title="D'Angelo">D'Angelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denali_(band)" title="Denali (band)">Denali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Down_to_Nothing" title="Down to Nothing">Down to Nothing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engine_Down" title="Engine Down">Engine Down</a>, <a href="/wiki/Four_Walls_Falling" title="Four Walls Falling">Four Walls Falling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron_Reagan" title="Iron Reagan">Iron Reagan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lamb_of_God_(band)" title="Lamb of God (band)">Lamb of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Waste_(band)" title="Municipal Waste (band)">Municipal Waste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nettspend" title="Nettspend">Nettspend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nickelus_F" title="Nickelus F">Nickelus F</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_City_High" title="River City High">River City High</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sparklehorse" title="Sparklehorse">Sparklehorse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strike_Anywhere" title="Strike Anywhere">Strike Anywhere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Brown" title="Chris Brown">Chris Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Stanley_(violinist)" title="Eric Stanley (violinist)">Eric Stanley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bad_Omens" title="Bad Omens">Bad Omens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwar" title="Gwar">Gwar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fighting_Gravity_(band)" title="Fighting Gravity (band)">Fighting Gravity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Murals">Murals</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Murals">edit</a>]</div> With the Richmond Mural Project (RMP), sponsored by RVA Mag and Art Whino, and 2013's RVA Street Art Festival, the city quickly gained more than 100 murals created by international mural artists, such as Aryz, Roa, <a href="/wiki/Ron_English" title="Ron English">Ron English</a>, and Natalia Rak. While the RMP focused on international talent, the RVA Street Art Festival, led by long-time local mural artist Ed Trask, focused mainly on regional artists, although it was responsible for PoseMSK, Jeff Soto, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Jenkins_(artist)" title="Mark Jenkins (artist)">Mark Jenkins</a>. After some criticism, the RMP included its first local artist, Nils Westergard, who already was on the international circuit, and then another, Jacob Eveland. The two festivals were unrelated, and the RMP is now defunct. The RVA Street Art Festival occurs as funding permits. In response to the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd" title="George Floyd">George Floyd</a> protests of the summer of 2020, local artist Hamilton Glass spearheaded the Mending Walls Project, featuring walls by pairs of local artists.<a href="#cite_note-Mending-143">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Professional_performing_companies">Professional performing companies</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Professional performing companies">edit</a>]</div> From their earliest days, Virginia and Richmond welcomed live theatrical performances. <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hallam" title="Lewis Hallam">Lewis Hallam</a> staged early Shakespeare productions in Williamsburg, and Richmond became a prominent colonial and early 19th century performance place for celebrated American and English actors, like William Macready, Edwin Forrest,<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> and the Booth family. In the 20th century, Richmond had many amateur troupes and regular touring professional productions. The city's principal performing arts groups include the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Repertory_Theatre" title="Virginia Repertory Theatre">Virginia Repertory Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Ballet" title="Richmond Ballet">Richmond Ballet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Triangle_Players" title="Richmond Triangle Players">Richmond Triangle Players</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Symphony" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond Symphony">Richmond Symphony</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Opera" title="Virginia Opera">Virginia Opera</a>. Other venues and companies include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altria_Theater" title="Altria Theater">Altria Theater</a>, the city-owned <a href="/wiki/Opera_house" title="Opera house">opera house</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Byrd_Theatre" title="Byrd Theatre">Byrd Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Carytown,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Carytown, Richmond, Virginia">Carytown</a>, a 1920s <a href="/wiki/Movie_palace" title="Movie palace">movie palace</a> that features second-run movies and hosts the <a href="/wiki/French_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="French Film Festival">French Film Festival</a></li> <li>Leslie Cheek Theater at the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Virginia Museum of Fine Arts">Virginia Museum of Fine Arts</a></li> <li>Dogwood Dell, an amphitheater in <a href="/wiki/Byrd_Park" title="Byrd Park">Byrd Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Theater_(Richmond,_Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Theater (Richmond, Virginia)">National Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_CenterStage" title="Richmond CenterStage">Dominion Energy Center</a>, which includes the Carpenter Theater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_the_Performing_Arts_in_the_Richmond_Community" title="School of the Performing Arts in the Richmond Community">School of the Performing Arts in the Richmond Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Credit_Union_Live!" title="Virginia Credit Union Live!">Virginia Credit Union Live!</a></li></ul> Commercial art galleries include Metro Space Gallery and <a href="/wiki/Gallery_5" title="Gallery 5">Gallery 5</a> in a newly designated arts district. Not-for-profit galleries include Visual Arts Center of Richmond, 1708 Gallery, and Artspace. In 2008, a new 47,000 sq ft (4,400 m2) Gay Community Center opened on the city's north side. It hosts meetings of many kinds and includes a large art gallery space. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_arts">Literary arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Literary arts">edit</a>]</div> Richmond has long been a hub for literature and writers. <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a> grew up in the city, and the city's oldest stone house is a museum to his life and works.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Southern_Literary_Messenger" class="mw-redirect" title="The Southern Literary Messenger">The Southern Literary Messenger</a>, which included his writing, is one of many notable publications started in Richmond. Other noteworthy authors who have called Richmond home include Pulitzer-winning <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Glasgow" title="Ellen Glasgow">Ellen Glasgow</a>, controversial figure <a href="/wiki/James_Branch_Cabell" title="James Branch Cabell">James Branch Cabell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meg_Medina" title="Meg Medina">Meg Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dean_King" title="Dean King">Dean King</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_L._Robbins_(Virginia_writer)" title="David L. Robbins (Virginia writer)">David L. Robbins</a>, and MacArthur Fellow <a href="/wiki/Paule_Marshall" title="Paule Marshall">Paule Marshall</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Tom Wolfe</a> was born in Richmond, as was <a href="/wiki/Breaking_Bad" title="Breaking Bad">Breaking Bad</a> creator <a href="/wiki/Vince_Gilligan" title="Vince Gilligan">Vince Gilligan</a>. <a href="/wiki/David_Baldacci" title="David Baldacci">David Baldacci</a> graduated from <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University</a>, where the creative writing faculty has included Marshall, <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Emerson" title="Claudia Emerson">Claudia Emerson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Graber" title="Kathleen Graber">Kathleen Graber</a>, <a href="/wiki/T._R._Hummer" title="T. R. Hummer">T. R. Hummer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Smith_(poet)" title="Dave Smith (poet)">Dave Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Wojahn" title="David Wojahn">David Wojahn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Susann_Cokal" title="Susann Cokal">Susann Cokal</a>. Notable graduates include <a href="/wiki/Sheri_Reynolds" title="Sheri Reynolds">Sheri Reynolds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Pineda" title="Jon Pineda">Jon Pineda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anna_Journey" title="Anna Journey">Anna Journey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Poteat" title="Joshua Poteat">Joshua Poteat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-english.vcu.edu-146">[143]</a> A community-based organization, James River Writers, serves the Greater Richmond Region. It sponsors many writer programs for all career stages, and an annual writers' conference that draws attendees from near and far.<a href="#cite_note-english.vcu.edu-146">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Richmond,_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Richmond, Virginia">National Register of Historic Places listings in Richmond, Virginia</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Richmond" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings in Richmond">List of tallest buildings in Richmond</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Egyptian_Building.JPG/220px-Egyptian_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Egyptian_Building.JPG/330px-Egyptian_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Egyptian_Building.JPG/440px-Egyptian_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Building" title="Egyptian Building">Egyptian Building</a> (1845) on the campus of <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University</a></figcaption></figure> Richmond is home to many significant structures, including some designed by notable architects. The city contains diverse styles and has excellent examples of Georgian, Federal, Greek Revival, Neoclassical, Egyptian Revival, Romanesque Revival, Gothic Revival, Tudor Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Art Deco, Modernist, International, and Postmodern architecture. Many of Richmond's historic properties are documented in books and 1970s-era black and white photographs by <a href="/wiki/John_G._Zehmer" class="mw-redirect" title="John G. Zehmer">John G. Zehmer</a>, an architectural historian and preservationist. The 1865 Evacuation Fire destroyed about 25% of Richmond's early buildings.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a> Fewer remain due to redevelopment and construction occurring since <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction</a>. Nonetheless, Richmond has many historically significant buildings and districts. From the colonial period, there are the <a href="/wiki/Patteson-Schutte_House" title="Patteson-Schutte House">Patteson-Schutte House</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe_Museum_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Edgar Allan Poe Museum (Richmond, Virginia)">Edgar Allan Poe Museum (Richmond, Virginia)</a>, both built before 1750. Architectural classicism is represented in all city districts, particularly Downtown and in the Fan and the Museum District. Several notable classical architects have designed buildings in Richmond. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles-Louis_Cl%C3%A9risseau" title="Charles-Louis Clérisseau">Charles-Louis Clérisseau</a> designed the Virginia State Capitol in 1785. It is the second-oldest U.S. statehouse in continuous use (Maryland's is the oldest), and the first U.S. government building built in the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neo-classical</a> style, setting the trend for other state houses and federal buildings, including the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">The Capitol</a> in Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-jefferson_capital-148">[145]</a> Robert Mills designed <a href="/wiki/Monumental_Church" title="Monumental Church">Monumental Church</a> on Broad Street, abutted by the 1845 <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Building" title="Egyptian Building">Egyptian Building</a>, one of the few <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Revival">Egyptian Revival</a> buildings in the U.S. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Science_Museum_-_Broad_Street_Station_(2256100684).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Science_Museum_-_Broad_Street_Station_%282256100684%29.jpg/220px-Science_Museum_-_Broad_Street_Station_%282256100684%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Science_Museum_-_Broad_Street_Station_%282256100684%29.jpg/330px-Science_Museum_-_Broad_Street_Station_%282256100684%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Science_Museum_-_Broad_Street_Station_%282256100684%29.jpg/440px-Science_Museum_-_Broad_Street_Station_%282256100684%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1064" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_of_Virginia" title="Science Museum of Virginia">Science Museum of Virginia</a> is housed in <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_Station_(Richmond)" title="Broad Street Station (Richmond)">Broad Street Station</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/John_Russell_Pope" title="John Russell Pope">John Russell Pope</a></figcaption></figure> The firm of <a href="/wiki/John_Russell_Pope" title="John Russell Pope">John Russell Pope</a> designed <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_Station_(Richmond)" title="Broad Street Station (Richmond)">Broad Street Station</a>, or Union Station, in the <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a> style, and it now is home to the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_of_Virginia" title="Science Museum of Virginia">Science Museum of Virginia</a>. The firm also designed <a href="/wiki/Branch_House" title="Branch House">Branch House</a> on <a href="/wiki/Monument_Avenue" title="Monument Avenue">Monument Avenue</a> as a Tudor private residence, which now is the Branch Museum of Architecture and Design. Wilson, Harris, and Richards designed <a href="/wiki/Main_Street_Station_(Richmond)" class="mw-redirect" title="Main Street Station (Richmond)">Main Street Station</a>, now used for its intended purpose. The classically trained Beaux-Arts architects, Carrère and Hastings, designed both the Jefferson Hotel and the Commonwealth Club. <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Adams_Cram" title="Ralph Adams Cram">Ralph Adams Cram</a>, renowned for the Princeton University Chapel and the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, designed many buildings at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Richmond" title="University of Richmond">University of Richmond</a>, including Jeter and Ryland Halls. Richmond's position as a center of iron production helped to fuel the popularity of its <a href="/wiki/Cast-iron_architecture" title="Cast-iron architecture">cast-iron architecture</a>. The city is home to a unique collection of cast iron porches, balconies, fences, and finials, second only to <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> in cast-iron concentration. At the height of production in the 1890s, 25 foundries operated in Richmond, employing nearly 3,500 metal workers. This number is seven times the number of general construction workers employed at the time, illustrating the importance of iron exports to the city.<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> Porches and fences in urban neighborhoods, such as Jackson Ward, Church Hill, and Monroe Ward, are particularly elaborate, often featuring ornate iron casts never replicated outside of Richmond. In some cases, casts were made for a single residential or commercial application. Another unique architectural feature to Richmond is outdoor lighting. Former mayor <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Clinton_Jones" title="Dwight Clinton Jones">Dwight C. Jones</a> called the city the tacky light capital of the world.<a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a> Richmond is home to several notable buildings designed by modernist masters. <a href="/wiki/Minoru_Yamasaki" title="Minoru Yamasaki">Minoru Yamasaki</a> designed the Federal Reserve Building, which dominates the downtown skyline. The <a href="/wiki/Architectural_firm" title="Architectural firm">architectural firm</a> of <a href="/wiki/Skidmore,_Owings_%26_Merrill" class="mw-redirect" title="Skidmore, Owings & Merrill">Skidmore, Owings & Merrill</a>, home to <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Bunshaft" title="Gordon Bunshaft">Gordon Bunshaft</a>, designed the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Virginia" title="Library of Virginia">Library of Virginia</a> and the General Assembly Offices at the Eighth and Main Building. <a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Philip Johnson</a> designed the <a href="/wiki/WRVA_Building" title="WRVA Building">WRVA Building</a>. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neutra" title="Richard Neutra">Richard Neutra</a> designed <a href="/wiki/Rice_House_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Rice House (Richmond, Virginia)">Rice House</a>, a residence on a private James River Island, is Richmond's only true International Style home. Famed early modern architect and member of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Five" title="Harvard Five">Harvard Five</a>,<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> <a href="/wiki/Landis_Gores" title="Landis Gores">Landis Gores</a>, designed the W.G. Harris residence in Richmond. <a href="/wiki/Steven_Holl" title="Steven Holl">Steven Holl</a> designed the VCU <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Contemporary_Art,_Richmond" title="Institute for Contemporary Art, Richmond">Institute for Contemporary Art</a>, opened in 2018. Other notable architects to have worked in the Richmond area include Rick Mather and <a href="/wiki/I.M._Pei" class="mw-redirect" title="I.M. Pei">I.M. Pei</a>. Richmond's urban residential neighborhoods, largely single use town homes with mixed full retail/dining establishments, are keys the city's character. The Fan, the Museum District, Jackson Ward, Carver, Carytown, Oregon Hill, and Church Hill are districts anchored by large streets, such as Franklin Street, Cary Street, the Boulevard, and Monument Avenue. The city's recent population growth mainly has been concentrated in these areas. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_districts">Historic districts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Historic districts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackson_Ward,_Richmond,_Virginia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Jackson_Ward%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia.JPG/220px-Jackson_Ward%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Jackson_Ward%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia.JPG/330px-Jackson_Ward%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Jackson_Ward%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia.JPG/440px-Jackson_Ward%2C_Richmond%2C_Virginia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2140" data-file-height="1796" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Ward" title="Jackson Ward">Jackson Ward</a> is a historically <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> neighborhood</figcaption></figure> Richmond's City Code provides for the creation of old and historic districts to "recognize and protect the historic, architectural, cultural, and artistic heritage of the City".<a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a> Pursuant to that authority, the city has designated 45 districts.<a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> Most districts also are listed in the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Landmarks_Register" title="Virginia Landmarks Register">Virginia Landmarks Register</a> ("VLR") and the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> ("NRHP"). Fifteen districts represent broad sections of the city:<a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Historic District</th> <th>City</th> <th>VLR</th> <th>NRHP<a href="#cite_note-155">[d]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_(Richmond,_Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulevard (Richmond, Virginia)">Boulevard</a> (Grace St. to Idlewood Ave)</td> <td>1992</td> <td>1986</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193814/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0398_BoulevardHD_1986_Nomination_final.pdf">1986</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Broad Street (Richmond, Virginia)">Broad Street</a> (Belvidere St. to First St.)</td> <td>1985</td> <td>1986</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033519/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0375_Broad_St_CommHD_1986_nomination_final.pdf">1987</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032410/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0375_Broad_St_CommHD_2004_boundary_inc_nomination_final.pdf">2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025808/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0375_BroadStreet_CommHD_BI_2007_NRFinal.pdf">2007</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chimborazo_Park" title="Chimborazo Park">Chimborazo Park</a> (32nd to 36th Sts. & Marshall St. to Chimborazo Park)</td> <td>1987</td> <td>2004</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043942/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0821_Oakwood-Chimborazo_HD_2005_Final_Nomination.pdf">2005</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Church_Hill_North_Historic_District" title="Church Hill North Historic District">Church Hill North</a> (Marshall to Cedar Sts. & Jefferson Ave. to N. 29th St.)</td> <td>2007</td> <td>1996</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161017100230/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0820_Church_Hill_North_HD_1997_Final_Nomination.pdf">1997</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161017100216/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0820_Church_Hill_North_HD_Boundary_Increase_2000_Final_Nomination.pdf">2000</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Road_Historic_District" title="Hermitage Road Historic District">Hermitage Road</a> (Laburnum Ave. to Westbrook Ave.)</td> <td>1988</td> <td>2005</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070618/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-6076_HermitageRoadHD_2006_NR_final.pdf">2006</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Ward" title="Jackson Ward">Jackson Ward</a> (Belvidere to 2nd Sts. & Jackson to Marshall Sts.)</td> <td>1987</td> <td>1976</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233711/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0237_Jackson_Ward_HD_1976_Final_Nomination_NHL.pdf">1976</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monument_Avenue" title="Monument Avenue">Monument Avenue</a> (Birch St. to Roseneath Rd.)</td> <td>1971</td> <td>1969</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506081012/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0174_Monument_Avenue_HD_1969_Nomination_final.pdf">1970</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="St. John's Episcopal Church (Richmond, Virginia)">St. John's Church</a> (21st to 32nd Sts. & Broad to Franklin Sts.)</td> <td>1957</td> <td>1969</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161017100332/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0013_St_John%27s_Episcopal_Church_1961_Final_Nomination_NHL.pdf">1966</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shockoe_Slip" title="Shockoe Slip">Shockoe Slip</a> (12th to 15th Sts. & Main to Canal/Dock Sts.)</td> <td>1979</td> <td>1971</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506081017/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0219_Shockoe_Slip_HD_1972_Final_Nomination.pdf">1972</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shockoe_Valley" title="Shockoe Valley">Shockoe Valley</a> (18th to 21st Sts. & Marshall to Franklin Sts.)</td> <td>1977</td> <td>1981</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505162342/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0344_ShockoeValley%26TobaccoRowHD_1981_FinalNomination.pdf">1983</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Springhill_Historic_District" title="Springhill Historic District">Springhill</a> (19th to 22nd Sts. & Riverside Dr. to Semmes Ave.)</td> <td>2006</td> <td>2013</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131218190303/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-6180_SpringhillHD_2013_NRHP_final.pdf">2014</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Two_Hundred_Block_West_Franklin_Street_Historic_District" title="Two Hundred Block West Franklin Street Historic District">200 Block West Franklin Street</a> (Madison to Jefferson Sts.)</td> <td>1977</td> <td>1977</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130813212827/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0281_200_Block_W_Franklin%20St_HD_1977_Final_Nomination.pdf">1977</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Franklin_Street_Historic_District" title="West Franklin Street Historic District">West Franklin Street</a> (Birch to Harrison Sts.)</td> <td>1990</td> <td>1972</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120609174220/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0228_West_Franklin_St_HD_1972_Final_Nomination.pdf">1972</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grace_Street_Commercial_Historic_District" title="Grace Street Commercial Historic District">West Grace Street</a> (Ryland St. to Boulevard)</td> <td>1996</td> <td>1997</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927034602/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0857_Grace_Street_Commercial_HD_1998_Final_Nomination.pdf">1998</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Block_0-100_East_Franklin_Street_Historic_District" title="Block 0-100 East Franklin Street Historic District">Zero Blocks East and West Franklin</a> (Adams to First Sts. & Grace to Main Sts.)</td> <td>1987</td> <td>1979</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927033926/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0317_Block_0-100_E_Franklin_St_HD_1980_Final_Nomination.pdf">1980</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jefferson_Hotel_Richmond_VA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jefferson_Hotel_Richmond_VA.jpg/220px-Jefferson_Hotel_Richmond_VA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jefferson_Hotel_Richmond_VA.jpg/330px-Jefferson_Hotel_Richmond_VA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jefferson_Hotel_Richmond_VA.jpg/440px-Jefferson_Hotel_Richmond_VA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1127" data-file-height="1537" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Hotel_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Jefferson Hotel (Richmond, Virginia)">Jefferson Hotel</a></figcaption></figure> The remaining thirty districts are limited to an individual building or group of buildings throughout the city: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Historic District</th> <th>VLR</th> <th>NRHP </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barret_House_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Barret House (Richmond, Virginia)">The Barret House</a> (15 South Fifth Street)</td> <td>1971</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506000738/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0029_Barret_House_1972_Final_Nomination.pdf">1972</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Building" title="Belgian Building">Belgian Building</a> (Lombardy Street and Brook Road)</td> <td>1969</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506014049/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0173_Belgian_Building_1970_Final_Nomination.pdf">1970</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolling_Haxall_House" title="Bolling Haxall House">Bolling Haxall House</a> (211 East Franklin Street)</td> <td>1971</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052030/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0033_Haxall,Bolling,House_1972_Final_Nomination.pdf">1972</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Centenary_United_Methodist_Church" title="Centenary United Methodist Church">Centenary United Methodist Church</a> (409 East Grace Street)</td> <td>1979</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506000719/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0321_Centenary_Church_1979_Final_Nomination.pdf">1979</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crozet_House" title="Crozet House">Crozet House</a> (100–102 East Main Street)</td> <td>1971</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927033802/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0047_Crozet_House_1972_Final_Nomination.pdf">1972</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Glasgow_House" title="Ellen Glasgow House">Glasgow House</a> (1 West Main Street)</td> <td>1972</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506014445/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0056_EllenGlasgowHouse_1972_Final_Nomination_NHL.pdf">1972</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hancock-Wirt-Caskie_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Hancock-Wirt-Caskie House">Hancock-Wirt-Caskie House</a> (2 North Fifth Street)</td> <td>1969</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927070838/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0042_William_Wirt_House_1970_Final_Nomination.pdf">1970</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927070841/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0042_Hancock_Wirt_Caskie_House_AdditionalDoc_2008_NR_final.pdf">2008</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_Coalter_Cabell_House" title="Henry Coalter Cabell House">Henry Coalter Cabell House</a> (116 South Third Street)</td> <td>1971</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927033355/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0225_HenryCoalterCabellHouse_1972_Final_Nomination.pdf">1971</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Hotel_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Jefferson Hotel (Richmond, Virginia)">Jefferson Hotel</a> (114 West Main Street)</td> <td>1968</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505181502/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0001_Jefferson_Hotel_1968_NRHP_Final.pdf">1969</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_House" title="John Marshall House">John Marshall House</a> (818 East Marshall Street)</td> <td>1969</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505083251/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0073_John_Marshall_House_1972_Final_Nomination_NHL.pdf">1966</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Street_Baptist_Church" title="Leigh Street Baptist Church">Leigh Street Baptist Church</a> (East Leigh and Twenty-Fifth Streets)</td> <td>1971</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927035357/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0011_Leigh_St_Baptist_Church_1972_Final_Nomination.pdf">1972</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Linden_Row" title="Linden Row">Linden Row</a> (100–114 East Franklin Street)</td> <td>1971</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065953/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0022_Linden_Row_1971_Final_Nomination.pdf">1971</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taylor-Mayo_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Taylor-Mayo House">Mayo Memorial House</a> (110 West Franklin Street)</td> <td>1972</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927035757/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0075_Mayo_Memorial_Church_House_1973_Final_Nomination.pdf">1973</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>William W. Morien House (2226 West Main Street)</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stewart-Lee_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Stewart-Lee House">Norman Stewart House</a> (707 East Franklin Street)</td> <td>1972</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927041441/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0064_Stewart-Lee_House_1972_Final_Nomination.pdf">1972</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe_Museum_(Richmond,_Virginia)#Old_Stone_House" title="Edgar Allan Poe Museum (Richmond, Virginia)">Old Stone House</a> (1916 East Main Street)</td> <td>1973</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506014235/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0100_Old_Stone_House_1973_Final_Nomination.pdf">1973</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pace House (100 West Franklin Street)</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Church_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="St. Andrew's Church (Richmond, Virginia)">St. Andrew's Episcopal Church</a> (Northwest corner South Laurel Street and Idlewood Avenue)</td> <td>1979</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160512131723/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0314_St_Andrew%27s_Episcopal_Church_Complex_1979_Final_Nomination.pdf">1979</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Richmond, Virginia)">St. Paul's Episcopal Church</a> (815 East Grace Street)</td> <td>1968</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100818051941/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0014_St_Pauls_Church_1969_Nomination.pdf">1969</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Church_(Richmond,_Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter's Church (Richmond, Virginia)">St. Peter's Catholic Church</a> (800 East Grace Street)</td> <td>1968</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040348/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0015_Saint_Peter%27s_Church_1969_Final_Nomination.pdf">1969</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Presbyterian_Church_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Second Presbyterian Church (Richmond, Virginia)">Second Presbyterian Church</a> (9 North Fifth Street)</td> <td>1971</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927040943/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0016_2nd_Presbyterian_Church_1972_Final_Nomination.pdf">1972</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Mount_Zion_Baptist_Church" title="Sixth Mount Zion Baptist Church">Sixth Mount Zion Baptist Church</a> (12–14 West Duval Street)</td> <td>1996</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927041210/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0472_Sixth_Mount_Zion_Church_1996_Final_Nomination.pdf">1996</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson_School_(Virginia)" title="Stonewall Jackson School (Virginia)">Stonewall Jackson School</a> (1520 West Main Street)</td> <td>1984</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927041455/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0376_Stonewall_Jackson_School_1984_Final_Nomination.pdf">1984</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Talavera (2315 West Grace Street)</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wickham_House" title="Wickham House">Valentine Museum and Wickham-Valentine House</a> (1005–1015 East Clay Street)</td> <td>1968</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924011044/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0020_Wickham-Valentine_House_1969_Final_Nomination.pdf">1969</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia_House" title="Virginia House">Virginia House</a> (4301 Sulgrave Road)</td> <td>1989</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091215090058/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0255_Virginia_House_1990_Final_Nomination.pdf">1990</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_House_of_the_Confederacy" title="White House of the Confederacy">White House of the Confederacy</a> (1200 East Clay Street)</td> <td>1969</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505162320/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0115_WhiteHouseoftheConfederacy_1975_Final_Nomination_NHL.pdf">1966</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilton_House_Museum" title="Wilton House Museum">Wilton</a> (215 South Wilton Road)</td> <td>1975</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927042507/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0141_Wilton_1976_Final_Nomination.pdf">1976</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joseph P. Winston House (103 East Grace Street)</td> <td>1978</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065526/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0222_Winston,Joseph_P.,House_1979_Final_Nomination.pdf">1979</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Woodward_House_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Woodward House (Richmond, Virginia)">Woodward House-Rockets</a> (3017 Williamsburg Avenue)</td> <td>1974</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927042608/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Richmond/127-0119_Woodward_House_1974_Final_Nomination.pdf">1974</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food">Food</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Food">edit</a>]</div> Richmond has been recognized in recent years as a "<a href="/wiki/Foodie" title="Foodie">foodie</a> city", particularly for its modern renditions of traditional <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southern United States">Southern cuisine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RTJ_Foodie-156">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN_foodie-157">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-USNews_Foodie-158">[154]</a> The city also claims the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Sailor_sandwich" title="Sailor sandwich">sailor sandwich</a>, which includes <a href="/wiki/Pastrami" title="Pastrami">pastrami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knockwurst" class="mw-redirect" title="Knockwurst">knockwurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_cheese_(North_America)" title="Swiss cheese (North America)">Swiss cheese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">mustard</a> on <a href="/wiki/Rye_bread" title="Rye bread">rye bread</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Imajo-159">[155]</a> Richmond is where <a href="/wiki/Drink_can#History" title="Drink can">canned beer</a> was first made commercially available in 1935.<a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Sports in Richmond, Virginia">Sports in Richmond, Virginia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitewater_kayaker_classIV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Whitewater_kayaker_classIV.jpg/220px-Whitewater_kayaker_classIV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Whitewater_kayaker_classIV.jpg/330px-Whitewater_kayaker_classIV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Whitewater_kayaker_classIV.jpg/440px-Whitewater_kayaker_classIV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Richmond is the only city in the United States with <a href="/wiki/International_scale_of_river_difficulty" title="International scale of river difficulty">class IV rapids</a></figcaption></figure> Richmond does not have a major league professional sports team. Since 2013, however, the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Commanders" title="Washington Commanders">Washington Commanders</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> have held their <a href="/wiki/Training_camp_(National_Football_League)" class="mw-redirect" title="Training camp (National Football League)">summer training camp</a> in the city.<a href="#cite_note-Redskins-161">[157]</a> The city has several <a href="/wiki/Minor_league" title="Minor league">minor league</a> sports franchises, including the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Kickers" title="Richmond Kickers">Richmond Kickers</a> of <a href="/wiki/USL_League_One" title="USL League One">USL League One</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Flying_Squirrels" title="Richmond Flying Squirrels">Richmond Flying Squirrels</a> of the Class AA <a href="/wiki/Double-A_Northeast" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-A Northeast">Double-A Northeast</a> of <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a>, a <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a> affiliate.<a href="#cite_note-kickers-162">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-squirrels-163">[159]</a> The Kickers began playing in Richmond in 1993, making them the oldest continually operated professional club in the United States. The club now plays home matches at <a href="/wiki/City_Stadium_(Richmond)" title="City Stadium (Richmond)">City Stadium</a>. In 2018, the Richmond Kickers left the USL to be founders in Division 3 Soccer. The Squirrels opened their first season at <a href="/wiki/The_Diamond_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="The Diamond (Richmond, Virginia)">The Diamond</a> on April 15, 2010.<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> From 1966 through 2008, the city was home to the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Braves" title="Richmond Braves">Richmond Braves</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Triple-A_(baseball)" title="Triple-A (baseball)">AAA</a> affiliate of the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>, until the franchise relocated to <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a> Richmond is home to the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Black_Widows" title="Richmond Black Widows">Richmond Black Widows</a>, the city's first women's football team, founded in 2015 by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Schkeeper" title="Sarah Schkeeper">Sarah Schkeeper</a>. The team is in the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Football_Alliance" title="Women's Football Alliance">Women's Football Alliance</a>, which preseason begins in January and regular season in April. A significant city sports venue is the 6,000-seat <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe_Athletic_Center" title="Arthur Ashe Athletic Center">Arthur Ashe Athletic Center</a>, a multi-purpose arena named for tennis great and Richmond resident <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe" title="Arthur Ashe">Arthur Ashe</a>. This facility hosts local sporting events, concerts, and other activities. <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">Tennis</a> is popular in Richmond. In 2010, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Tennis_Association" title="United States Tennis Association">United States Tennis Association</a> named Richmond the third "Best Tennis Town", after <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USTA-166">[162]</a> Auto racing is also popular in the area. The <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Raceway" title="Richmond Raceway">Richmond Raceway</a> (RR) has hosted <a href="/wiki/NASCAR_Cup_Series" title="NASCAR Cup Series">NASCAR Cup Series</a> races since 1953, and the Capital City 400 from 1962 to 1980.<a href="#cite_note-RIR-167">[163]</a> RR also hosted IndyCar's <a href="/wiki/SunTrust_Indy_Challenge" class="mw-redirect" title="SunTrust Indy Challenge">SunTrust Indy Challenge</a> from 2001 to 2009. Another track, <a href="/wiki/Southside_Speedway" title="Southside Speedway">Southside Speedway</a>, has operated since 1959 and sits just southwest of Richmond in <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_Virginia" title="Chesterfield County, Virginia">Chesterfield County</a>. This .333 mi (0.536 km) oval short-track is known as the "Toughest Track in the South" and "The Action Track", featuring weekly <a href="/wiki/Stock_car_racing" title="Stock car racing">stock car racing</a> Friday nights.<a href="#cite_note-Southside_Speedway-168">[164]</a> Southside Speedway has seen many NASCAR champions, including <a href="/wiki/Richard_Petty" title="Richard Petty">Richard Petty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Allison" title="Bobby Allison">Bobby Allison</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Darrell_Waltrip" title="Darrell Waltrip">Darrell Waltrip</a>. It is the home track of NASCAR superstar <a href="/wiki/Denny_Hamlin" title="Denny Hamlin">Denny Hamlin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Netherland_Tom-169">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brockwell_Kent-170">[166]</a> Richmond hosted the <a href="/wiki/2015_UCI_Road_World_Championships" title="2015 UCI Road World Championships">2015 UCI Road World Championships</a>, which had cyclists from 76 countries and an estimated beneficial $158.1 million economic impact on the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Richmond_Region" title="Greater Richmond Region">Greater Richmond Region</a> from event staging and visitor spending.<a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a> The championship course was the first real-world location to be recreated within the indoor cycle training application, <a href="/wiki/Zwift" title="Zwift">Zwift</a>. The application has subsequently added two other <a href="/wiki/Union_Cycliste_Internationale" title="Union Cycliste Internationale">UCI</a> world championships courses, <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a> from 2018 and <a href="/wiki/Harrogate" title="Harrogate">Harrogate</a> from 2019 The city is home to the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Spiders_football" title="Richmond Spiders football">University of Richmond football team</a>, who most notably won the <a href="/wiki/2008_NCAA_Division_I_Football_Championship_Game" title="2008 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game">2008 NCAA Division I FCS National Championship</a>. The team plays its home games at <a href="/wiki/Robins_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Robins Stadium">Robins Stadium</a>. Richmond also has seen recent men's and women's <a href="/wiki/College_basketball" title="College basketball">college basketball</a> success in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_10_Conference" title="Atlantic 10 Conference">Atlantic 10 Conference</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Spiders" title="Richmond Spiders">Richmond Spiders</a> play at the <a href="/wiki/Robins_Center" title="Robins Center">Robins Center</a> and the <a href="/wiki/VCU_Rams" title="VCU Rams">VCU Rams</a> play at the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_C._Siegel_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuart C. Siegel Center">Stuart C. Siegel Center</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_recreation">Parks and recreation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Parks and recreation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Botanicalgarden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Botanicalgarden.jpg/220px-Botanicalgarden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Botanicalgarden.jpg/330px-Botanicalgarden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Botanicalgarden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Ginter_Botanical_Garden" title="Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden">Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden</a></figcaption></figure> The city operates one of the country's oldest municipal park systems. In 1851, the City Council voted to acquire 7.5 acres (30,000 m2), now known as <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Park" title="Monroe Park">Monroe Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[168]</a> Monroe Park is adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University</a> campus, and is one of over 40 parks totaling more than 1,500 acres (610 ha). Several parks are along the James River, and the James River Parks System offers bike trails, hiking and nature trails, and many scenic overlooks.<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a> The trails are used for the Xterra East Championship running and mountain biking courses of the off-road triathlon.<a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a> Parks exist on two major islands in the James River, <a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle_(Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belle Isle (Virginia)">Belle Isle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brown%27s_Island" title="Brown's Island">Brown's Island</a>. Belle Isle, a former Powhatan fishing village, colonial-era horse race track, and Civil War prison camp, is the larger of the two. It contains many bike trails and a small cliff used for <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a> instruction. The island still has many remnants of the Civil War prison camp, including an arms storage room and a gun emplacement used to quell prisoner riots. Brown's Island is smaller and a popular venue for many spring and summer free outdoor concerts and festivals, such as the weekly Friday Cheers concert series and the James River Beer and Seafood Festival. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MaymontPark_JapaneseGarden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/MaymontPark_JapaneseGarden.jpg/220px-MaymontPark_JapaneseGarden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/MaymontPark_JapaneseGarden.jpg/330px-MaymontPark_JapaneseGarden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/MaymontPark_JapaneseGarden.jpg/440px-MaymontPark_JapaneseGarden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Japanese Garden at <a href="/wiki/Maymont" title="Maymont">Maymont</a></figcaption></figure> Two other major city parks along the river are <a href="/wiki/Byrd_Park" title="Byrd Park">Byrd Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maymont" title="Maymont">Maymont</a>, located near the Fan District. Byrd Park features a one mi (1.6 km) running track, with exercise stops, a public <a href="/wiki/Dog_park" title="Dog park">dog park</a>, and a number of small lakes for small boats, as well as two monuments, Buddha house and an amphitheater. The <a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">World War I Memorial Carillon</a>, built in 1926, features prominently in the park. Maymont, adjacent to Byrd Park, is a 100-acre (40 ha) <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a> estate with a museum, formal gardens, native wildlife exhibits, nature center, <a href="/wiki/Carriage" title="Carriage">carriage</a> collection, and <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's Farm">children's farm</a>. Other city parks include <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bryan_Park_Azalea_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Bryan Park Azalea Garden">Joseph Bryan Park Azalea Garden</a>, Forest Hill Park (former site of the Forest Hill Amusement Park), and <a href="/wiki/Chimborazo_Park" title="Chimborazo Park">Chimborazo Park</a> (site of the National Battlefield Headquarters). The James River through Richmond is one of the best urban white-water rafting/canoeing/kayaking sites in the country, and several rafting companies provide related services. The city also has several easily accessed riverside areas for rock-hopping, swimming, and picnicking. <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Ginter_Botanical_Garden" title="Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden">Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden</a> is in adjacent Henrico County. Founded in 1984, Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden is 80 acres (320,000 m2), one of only two independent public botanical gardens in Virginia, and designated a state botanical garden.<a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a> A public place for the display and scientific study of plants, it features a glass conservatory, rose garden, healing garden, and accessible-to-all children's garden. Several <a href="/wiki/Theme_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme park">theme parks</a> are located near the city, including <a href="/wiki/Kings_Dominion" title="Kings Dominion">Kings Dominion</a> to the north, and <a href="/wiki/Busch_Gardens" title="Busch Gardens">Busch Gardens</a> to the east, near <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richmond_City_Hall_(2988924475).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Richmond_City_Hall_%282988924475%29.jpg/170px-Richmond_City_Hall_%282988924475%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Richmond_City_Hall_%282988924475%29.jpg/255px-Richmond_City_Hall_%282988924475%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Richmond_City_Hall_%282988924475%29.jpg/340px-Richmond_City_Hall_%282988924475%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="2616" /></a><figcaption>Richmond City Hall</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Special:EditPage/Richmond, Virginia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Richmond%2C+Virginia%22">"Richmond, Virginia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Richmond%2C+Virginia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Richmond%2C+Virginia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Richmond%2C+Virginia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Richmond%2C+Virginia%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Richmond%2C+Virginia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (June 2014) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Richmond,_Virginia" title="List of mayors of Richmond, Virginia">List of mayors of Richmond, Virginia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Government of Richmond, Virginia">Government of Richmond, Virginia</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible floatright" style="font-size: 95%;"> <caption>United States presidential election results for Richmond, Virginia<a href="#cite_note-176">[172]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Year </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party(ies)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>No. </th> <th scope="col">%</th> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col">%</th> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col">% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="2024 United States presidential election in Virginia">2024</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">17,010 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">15.66% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">88,643 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">81.60% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2,975 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.74% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="2020 United States presidential election in Virginia">2020</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">16,603 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">14.94% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">92,175 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">82.92% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2,381 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.14% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="2016 United States presidential election in Virginia">2016</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">15,581 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">15.07% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">81,259 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">78.58% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">6,566 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">6.35% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="2012 United States presidential election in Virginia">2012</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">20,050 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">20.55% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">75,921 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">77.81% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1,598 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.64% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="2008 United States presidential election in Virginia">2008</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">18,649 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">20.03% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">73,623 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">79.09% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">813 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.87% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="2004 United States presidential election in Virginia">2004</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">21,637 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">29.11% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52,167 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">70.19% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">521 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.70% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="2000 United States presidential election in Virginia">2000</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">20,265 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">30.74% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">42,717 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">64.80% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2,944 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4.47% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1996 United States presidential election in Virginia">1996</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">20,993 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">31.30% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">42,273 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">63.02% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3,812 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">5.68% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1992 United States presidential election in Virginia">1992</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">24,341 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">30.53% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47,642 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">59.75% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">7,752 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">9.72% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1988 United States presidential election in Virginia">1988</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">31,586 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">42.26% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">42,155 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.41% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">995 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.33% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1984 United States presidential election in Virginia">1984</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">38,754 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">43.73% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49,408 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">55.75% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">466 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.53% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1980 United States presidential election in Virginia">1980</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">34,629 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">39.76% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47,975 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">55.08% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4,502 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">5.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1976 United States presidential election in Virginia">1976</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">37,176 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">44.73% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">44,687 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">53.77% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1,247 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.50% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1972 United States presidential election in Virginia">1972</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">46,244 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">57.59% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">33,055 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">41.16% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1,003 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1968 United States presidential election in Virginia">1968</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">26,380 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">39.57% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">32,857 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.28% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">7,431 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">11.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1964 United States presidential election in Virginia">1964</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">27,196 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">43.24% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">35,662 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.71% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">32 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.05% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1960 United States presidential election in Virginia">1960</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">27,307 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">60.41% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">17,642 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">39.03% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">256 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.57% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1956 United States presidential election in Virginia">1956</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">27,367 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">61.79% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">10,758 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">24.29% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">6,166 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">13.92% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1952 United States presidential election in Virginia">1952</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">29,300 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">60.28% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">19,235 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">39.57% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">75 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1948 United States presidential election in Virginia">1948</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">14,549 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">41.21% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">16,466 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">46.64% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4,286 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">12.14% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1944 United States presidential election in Virginia">1944</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">8,737 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">27.84% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">22,584 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">71.95% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">66 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.21% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1940 United States presidential election in Virginia">1940</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">6,031 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">23.71% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">19,332 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">75.99% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">76 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.30% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1936 United States presidential election in Virginia">1936</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">4,478 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">19.18% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">18,784 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">80.45% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">86 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.37% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1932 United States presidential election in Virginia">1932</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">5,602 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">27.09% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">14,631 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">70.75% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">448 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1928 United States presidential election in Virginia">1928</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">10,767 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51.32% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">10,213 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">48.68% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1924 United States presidential election in Virginia">1924</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">2,600 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">19.37% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">9,904 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">73.79% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">917 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">6.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1920 United States presidential election in Virginia">1920</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">4,515 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">23.04% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">14,878 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">75.93% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">202 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1916 United States presidential election in Virginia">1916</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">1,210 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">14.57% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">6,987 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">84.15% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">106 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.28% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1912 United States presidential election in Virginia">1912</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">405 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">6.12% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">5,632 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">85.04% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">586 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8.85% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1908 United States presidential election in Virginia">1908</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">1,135 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">21.29% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">4,142 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">77.68% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">55 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1904 United States presidential election in Virginia">1904</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">569 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">12.96% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">3,749 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">85.40% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">72 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.64% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1900 United States presidential election in Virginia">1900</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">2,729 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">30.60% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">6,095 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">68.35% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">93 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.04% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1896 United States presidential election in Virginia">1896</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">5,160 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">38.42% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">7,839 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">58.36% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">433 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1892 United States presidential election in Virginia">1892</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">3,289 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">24.28% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">10,139 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">74.85% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">117 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.86% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1888 United States presidential election in Virginia">1888</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">976 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">45.61% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">1,155 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">53.97% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.42% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1884 United States presidential election in Virginia">1884</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">5,716 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">42.92% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">7,599 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">57.05% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1880 United States presidential election in Virginia">1880</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">2,158 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">28.75% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">5,348 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">71.24% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.01% </td></tr> </tbody></table> Richmond city government consists of a <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a> with representatives from nine districts serving in a <a href="/wiki/Legislative" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative">legislative</a> and oversight capacity, as well as a popularly elected, at-large mayor serving as head of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch">executive branch</a>. Citizens in each of the nine districts elect one council representative each to serve a four-year term. Beginning with the November 2008 election Council terms was lengthened to four years. The city council elects from among its members one member to serve as Council President and one to serve as Council Vice President. The city council meets at City Hall, located at 900 E. Broad St., 2nd Floor, on the second and fourth Mondays of every month, except August. In 1977, a federal district court ruled in favor of <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Holt_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Curtis Holt Jr.">Curtis Holt Jr.</a> who had claimed the council's existing election process — an at large voting system — was racially biased. The verdict required the city to rebuild its council into nine distinct wards. Within the year the city council switched from majority white to majority black, reflecting the city's populace. This new city council elected Richmond's first black mayor, <a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Marsh" title="Henry L. Marsh">Henry L. Marsh</a>. Richmond's government changed in 2004 from a <a href="/wiki/Council-manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Council-manager">council-manager</a> form of government with a mayor elected by and from the council to an at-large, popularly elected mayor. Unlike most major cities, in order to be elected, a mayoral candidate must win a plurality of the vote in five of the city's nine council districts. If no one crosses that threshold, a runoff is held between the two top finishers in the first round. This was implemented as a compromise in order to address concerns that better-organized and wealthier white voters could have undue influence.<a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a> In a landslide election, incumbent mayor Rudy McCollum was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Wilder" title="Douglas Wilder">L. Douglas Wilder</a>, who previously served Virginia as the first elected African American governor in the United States since <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction</a>. The current mayor of Richmond is <a href="/wiki/Levar_Stoney" title="Levar Stoney">Levar Stoney</a> who was elected in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> The mayor is not a part of the Richmond City Council. As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Richmond City Council consisted of: <ul><li>Andreas D. Addison, 1st District (West End)</li> <li>Katherine Jordan, 2nd District (North Central)</li> <li>Ann-Frances Lambert, 3rd District (Northside)</li> <li>Kristen Nye, 4th District (Southwest)</li> <li>Stephanie A. Lynch, 5th District (Central)</li> <li>Ellen F. Robertson, 6th District (Gateway), Council Vice President</li> <li>Cynthia I. Newbille, 7th District (East End), Council President</li> <li>Reva M. Trammell, 8th District (Southside)</li> <li>Michael J. Jones, 9th District (South Central)</li></ul> <a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Tjhs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tjhs.jpg/220px-Tjhs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tjhs.jpg/330px-Tjhs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tjhs.jpg/440px-Tjhs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2820" data-file-height="1899" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>-styled <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_High_School_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Thomas Jefferson High School (Richmond, Virginia)">Thomas Jefferson High School</a> in the near <a href="/wiki/West_End_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="West End (Richmond, Virginia)">West End</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Benedictine_High_School_(Richmond,_Virginia).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Benedictine_High_School_%28Richmond%2C_Virginia%29.JPG/220px-Benedictine_High_School_%28Richmond%2C_Virginia%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Benedictine_High_School_%28Richmond%2C_Virginia%29.JPG/330px-Benedictine_High_School_%28Richmond%2C_Virginia%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Benedictine_High_School_%28Richmond%2C_Virginia%29.JPG/440px-Benedictine_High_School_%28Richmond%2C_Virginia%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanesque Revival">Romanesque Revival</a>-style of the former Benedictine College Preparatory in the <a href="/wiki/Museum_District,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Museum District, Richmond, Virginia">Museum District</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_schools">Public schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Public schools">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Public_Schools" title="Richmond Public Schools">Richmond Public Schools</a></div> The City of Richmond operates 28 elementary schools, nine <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">middle schools</a>, and eight high schools, serving a total student population of 24,000.<a href="#cite_note-rps_facts-180">[176]</a> The city has one Governor's School, the <a href="/wiki/Maggie_L._Walker_Governor%27s_School_for_Government_and_International_Studies" title="Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies">Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies</a>. In 2008, it was named one of <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> magazine's 18 "public elite" high schools,<a href="#cite_note-Hickey_Gordon-181">[177]</a> and rated 16 of America's best high schools in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-Newsweek_2012-182">[178]</a> Richmond's public school district also runs one of Virginia's four public <a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">charter schools</a>, the Patrick Henry School of Science and Arts, founded in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-charter_schools-183">[179]</a> The 2020 class had an on-time graduation rate of 71.6%, at least 20 percentage points behind most other school divisions, making it the worst in the state.<a href="#cite_note-Bottom_of_the_Pack-184">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_schools">Private schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Private schools">edit</a>]</div> As of 2008, there were 36 private schools serving grades one or higher in the City of Richmond.<a href="#cite_note-private_schools_list-185">[181]</a> Some of these schools include: Banner Christian School; St. Bridget School; <a href="/wiki/Brook_Road_Academy" title="Brook Road Academy">Brook Road Academy</a>; <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_School_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Collegiate School (Richmond, Virginia)">Collegiate School</a>; Grace Christian School; Grove Christian School; Guardian Christian Academy; <a href="/wiki/St._Christopher%27s_School,_Richmond" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Christopher's School, Richmond">St. Christopher's School</a>; <a href="/wiki/St._Catherine%27s_School,_Richmond,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Catherine's School, Richmond, Virginia">St. Catherine's School</a>; <a href="/wiki/Southside_Baptist_Christian_School" title="Southside Baptist Christian School">Southside Baptist Christian School</a>; <a href="/wiki/Northstar_Academy_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Northstar Academy (Richmond, Virginia)">Northstar Academy</a>; <a href="/wiki/The_Steward_School" class="mw-redirect" title="The Steward School">The Steward School</a>; <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Episcopal_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Episcopal High School">Trinity Episcopal School</a>; The New Community School; and Veritas School. The city's only Catholic high school is Cristo Rey Richmond High School,<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a> after <a href="/wiki/Benedictine_College_Preparatory" title="Benedictine College Preparatory">Benedictine College Preparatory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Gertrude_High_School" title="Saint Gertrude High School">St. Gertrude High School</a> relocated to a combined campus in <a href="/wiki/Goochland,_Virginia" title="Goochland, Virginia">Goochland.</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_the_Greater_Richmond_Region" title="List of colleges and universities in the Greater Richmond Region">List of colleges and universities in the Greater Richmond Region</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robins_School_of_Business,_University_of_Richmond.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Robins_School_of_Business%2C_University_of_Richmond.jpg/220px-Robins_School_of_Business%2C_University_of_Richmond.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Robins_School_of_Business%2C_University_of_Richmond.jpg/330px-Robins_School_of_Business%2C_University_of_Richmond.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Robins_School_of_Business%2C_University_of_Richmond.jpg/440px-Robins_School_of_Business%2C_University_of_Richmond.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="756" /></a><figcaption>The Robins School of Business at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Richmond" title="University of Richmond">University of Richmond</a></figcaption></figure> The Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University</a> (public), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Richmond" title="University of Richmond">University of Richmond</a> (private), <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Union_University" title="Virginia Union University">Virginia Union University</a> (private), <a href="/wiki/South_University" title="South University">South University</a>–Richmond (private, for-profit), <a href="/wiki/Union_Theological_Seminary_%26_Presbyterian_School_of_Christian_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education">Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education</a> (private), and the Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond (BTSR—private). Several community colleges are in the metro area, including <a href="/wiki/J._Sargeant_Reynolds_Community_College" title="J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College">J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brightpoint_Community_College" title="Brightpoint Community College">Brightpoint Community College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_Virginia" title="Chesterfield County, Virginia">Chesterfield County</a>). Several technical colleges are in Richmond, including ITT Technical Institute, <a href="/wiki/ECPI_College_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="ECPI College of Technology">ECPI College of Technology</a>, and Centura College. The same is true of vocational colleges, including Fortis College and Bryant Stratton College. <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_University" title="Virginia State University">Virginia State University</a> is located about 20 mi (32 km) south of Richmond, in <a href="/wiki/Ettrick,_Virginia" title="Ettrick, Virginia">Ettrick</a>, just outside <a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia" title="Petersburg, Virginia">Petersburg</a>. <a href="/wiki/Randolph-Macon_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Randolph-Macon College">Randolph-Macon College</a> is located about 15 mi (24 km) north of Richmond, in <a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Virginia" title="Ashland, Virginia">Ashland</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Special:EditPage/Richmond, Virginia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Richmond%2C+Virginia%22">"Richmond, Virginia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Richmond%2C+Virginia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Richmond%2C+Virginia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Richmond%2C+Virginia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Richmond%2C+Virginia%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Richmond%2C+Virginia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (September 2016) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Media in Richmond, Virginia">Media in Richmond, Virginia</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Times-Dispatch" title="Richmond Times-Dispatch">Richmond Times-Dispatch</a>, owned by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Enterprises" title="Lee Enterprises">Lee Enterprises, Inc.</a>, is the local daily newspaper, with a Sunday circulation of 120,000. <a href="/wiki/Style_Weekly" title="Style Weekly">Style Weekly</a>, an online alternative local publication owned by <a href="/wiki/VPM_Media_Corporation" title="VPM Media Corporation">VPM Media Corporation</a>, covers popular culture, arts, and entertainment. <a href="/wiki/RVA_Magazine" title="RVA Magazine">RVA Magazine</a> is the city's only independent art music and culture publication. Originally a quarterly, it now is a monthly. The <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Free_Press" title="Richmond Free Press">Richmond Free Press</a> and the Voice cover the news from an African-American perspective. The Richmond metro area is served by many local television and radio stations. As of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Richmond-Petersburg <a href="/wiki/Designated_market_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Designated market area">designated market area</a> (DMA) is the 58th largest in the U.S. with 553,950 homes according to Nielsen Market Research.<a href="#cite_note-nielsen-187">[183]</a> The major network television affiliates are <a href="/wiki/WTVR-TV" title="WTVR-TV">WTVR-TV</a> 6 (<a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>), <a href="/wiki/WRIC-TV" title="WRIC-TV">WRIC-TV</a> 8 (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>), <a href="/wiki/WWBT" title="WWBT">WWBT</a> 12 (<a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>), <a href="/wiki/WRLH-TV" title="WRLH-TV">WRLH-TV</a> 35 (<a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>), and <a href="/wiki/WUPV" title="WUPV">WUPV</a> 65 (<a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">CW</a>). <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> stations include <a href="/wiki/WCVE-TV" title="WCVE-TV">WCVE-TV</a> 23 and <a href="/wiki/WCVW" class="mw-redirect" title="WCVW">WCVW</a> 57. There also are a wide variety of radio stations in the Richmond area, catering to many different interests, including news, <a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">talk radio</a>, and sports, as well as an eclectic mix of musical interests. Richmond enjoys a <a href="/wiki/Low-power_broadcasting#United_States" title="Low-power broadcasting">low power FM Station</a>, <a href="/wiki/WRIR" class="mw-redirect" title="WRIR">WRIR</a>, which features all-volunteer community supported radio at all hours. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Transportation in Richmond, Virginia">Transportation in Richmond, Virginia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Govt_Ctr_Pulse_Station_May_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Govt_Ctr_Pulse_Station_May_2018.jpg/220px-Govt_Ctr_Pulse_Station_May_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Govt_Ctr_Pulse_Station_May_2018.jpg/330px-Govt_Ctr_Pulse_Station_May_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Govt_Ctr_Pulse_Station_May_2018.jpg/440px-Govt_Ctr_Pulse_Station_May_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The Government Center <a href="/wiki/GRTC_Pulse" title="GRTC Pulse">GRTC Pulse</a> bus station in Downtown Richmond</figcaption></figure> The Greater Richmond area is served by the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_International_Airport" title="Richmond International Airport">Richmond International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/IATA_airport_code" title="IATA airport code">IATA</a>: RIC, <a href="/wiki/ICAO_airport_code" title="ICAO airport code">ICAO</a>: KRIC), located in <a href="/wiki/Sandston,_Virginia" title="Sandston, Virginia">Sandston</a>, seven mi (11 km) southeast of Richmond and within an hour drive of historic <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg, Virginia</a>. Richmond International is served by ten passenger and four cargo airlines, with over 200 daily flights providing non-stop service to major domestic destinations and connecting flights to worldwide destinations. A record 4.8 million passengers used Richmond International Airport in 2023, breaking the previous record of 4.4 million in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a> Richmond is a major hub for intercity <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a> company <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound Lines</a>, which has its terminal at 2910 N Boulevard. Multiple daily runs connect directly with Washington, D.C., New York, Raleigh, and elsewhere. Direct trips to New York take approximately 7.5 hours. Discount carrier <a href="/wiki/Megabus_(North_America)" title="Megabus (North America)">Megabus</a> provides curbside service from Main Street Station. Direct service is available to Washington, D.C., <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. Connections to Megabus-served cities, such as New York, are made from Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Richmond_Transit_of_Richmond,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Richmond Transit of Richmond, Virginia">Greater Richmond Transit Company</a> (GRTC) provides <a href="/wiki/Transit_(transportation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transit (transportation)">transit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paratransit" title="Paratransit">paratransit</a> bus service in Richmond and <a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_Virginia" title="Chesterfield County, Virginia">Chesterfield</a> counties. The GRTC, however, serves only small parts of the suburban counties. The far West End, Innsbrook and Short Pump, and almost all of Chesterfield County have no public transportation, despite dense housing, retail, and office development. According to a 2008 GRTC operations analysis report, a majority of GRTC riders use their services because they do not have available alternatives, such as a private vehicle.<a href="#cite_note-GRTC_rider_stats-190">[186]</a> In 2014, U.S. Department of Transportation<a href="#cite_note-191">[187]</a> granted Richmond and the surrounding metropolitan area a roughly $25 million grant for the <a href="/wiki/GRTC_Pulse" title="GRTC Pulse">GRTC Pulse</a> <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> system, which opened in June 2018, running along Broad Street from Willow Lawn to Rocketts Landing. The Richmond area has two railroad stations served by <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond, including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The region's main station, <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Staples_Mill_Road_(Amtrak_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond Staples Mill Road (Amtrak station)">Staples Mill Road Station</a>, is located just outside the city on a major north–south freight line that receives service to and from all points south, including <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a> and Florida. The historic <a href="/wiki/Main_Street_Station_(Richmond)" class="mw-redirect" title="Main Street Station (Richmond)">Main Street Station</a>, renovated in 2004,<a href="#cite_note-192">[188]</a> is the only railway station in the City of Richmond. As of 2010, it only receives trains headed to and from Newport News due to track layout. Richmond also benefits from an excellent interstate highway position, lying at the junction of east–west <a href="/wiki/Interstate_64" title="Interstate 64">Interstate 64</a> and north–south <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Virginia" title="Interstate 95 in Virginia">Interstate 95</a>, two of the most heavily traveled highways in the state. As the state capital, Richmond has great state highway access. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_highways">Major highways</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Major highways">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/I-64.svg/24px-I-64.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/I-64.svg/36px-I-64.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/I-64.svg/48px-I-64.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_64_(Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 64 (Virginia)">I-64</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/I-95.svg/24px-I-95.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/I-95.svg/36px-I-95.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/I-95.svg/48px-I-95.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_(Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 95 (Virginia)">I-95</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richmond%E2%80%93Petersburg_Turnpike" title="Richmond–Petersburg Turnpike">Richmond–Petersburg Turnpike</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/I-195.svg/30px-I-195.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/I-195.svg/45px-I-195.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/I-195.svg/60px-I-195.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="601" /> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_195_(Virginia)" title="Interstate 195 (Virginia)">I-195</a> (Beltline Expy)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/I-295.svg/30px-I-295.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/I-295.svg/45px-I-295.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/I-295.svg/60px-I-295.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="601" /> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_295_(Virginia)" title="Interstate 295 (Virginia)">I-295</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/US_1.svg/24px-US_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/US_1.svg/36px-US_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/US_1.svg/48px-US_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1_in_Virginia" title="U.S. Route 1 in Virginia">US 1</a> (Brook Rd, Azelea Ave, Chamberlayne Ave, Belvedere St, Cowardin Ave, Jefferson Davis Hwy)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/US_33.svg/24px-US_33.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/US_33.svg/36px-US_33.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/US_33.svg/48px-US_33.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_33_in_Virginia" title="U.S. Route 33 in Virginia">US 33</a> (Staples Mill Rd, Broad St)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/US_60.svg/24px-US_60.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/US_60.svg/36px-US_60.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/US_60.svg/48px-US_60.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_60_in_Virginia" title="U.S. Route 60 in Virginia">US 60</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/US_250.svg/30px-US_250.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/US_250.svg/45px-US_250.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/US_250.svg/60px-US_250.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_250_in_Virginia" title="U.S. Route 250 in Virginia">US 250</a> (<a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Broad Street (Richmond, Virginia)">Broad Street</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/US_301.svg/30px-US_301.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/US_301.svg/45px-US_301.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/US_301.svg/60px-US_301.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_301_in_Virginia" title="U.S. Route 301 in Virginia">US 301</a> (Chamberlayne Ave, Belvedere St, Cowardin Ave, Jefferson Davis Hwy)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/US_360.svg/30px-US_360.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/US_360.svg/45px-US_360.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/US_360.svg/60px-US_360.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_360_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 360 in Virginia">US 360</a> (Hull St Rd; Hull St; N 14th St; joins US 60 Main St; WB 17th St [Oliver Hill Way], EB W 18th St; Mechanicsville Tnpk)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Virginia_5.svg/24px-Virginia_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Virginia_5.svg/36px-Virginia_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Virginia_5.svg/48px-Virginia_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_5" title="Virginia State Route 5">SR 5</a> (E Main St; N 25th St)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Virginia_6.svg/24px-Virginia_6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Virginia_6.svg/36px-Virginia_6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Virginia_6.svg/48px-Virginia_6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_6" title="Virginia State Route 6">SR 6</a> (Kensington Ave, Patterson Ave)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Virginia_10.svg/24px-Virginia_10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Virginia_10.svg/36px-Virginia_10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Virginia_10.svg/48px-Virginia_10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_10" title="Virginia State Route 10">SR 10</a> (Broad Rock Blvd)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Virginia_33.svg/24px-Virginia_33.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Virginia_33.svg/36px-Virginia_33.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Virginia_33.svg/48px-Virginia_33.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_33" title="Virginia State Route 33">SR 33</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Virginia_76.svg/24px-Virginia_76.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Virginia_76.svg/36px-Virginia_76.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Virginia_76.svg/48px-Virginia_76.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_76" title="Virginia State Route 76">SR 76</a> (<a href="/wiki/Powhite_Parkway" class="mw-redirect" title="Powhite Parkway">Powhite Parkway</a> toll route)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Virginia_146.svg/30px-Virginia_146.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Virginia_146.svg/45px-Virginia_146.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Virginia_146.svg/60px-Virginia_146.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_146" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia State Route 146">SR 146</a> (Connector to VA-195)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Virginia_147.svg/30px-Virginia_147.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Virginia_147.svg/45px-Virginia_147.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Virginia_147.svg/60px-Virginia_147.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_147" title="Virginia State Route 147">SR 147</a> (Cary St [EB after I-195], W Main St [WB after I-195], Cary St Rd, River Rd, Huguenot Rd [S of the James River])</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Virginia_150.svg/30px-Virginia_150.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Virginia_150.svg/45px-Virginia_150.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Virginia_150.svg/60px-Virginia_150.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_150" title="Virginia State Route 150">SR 150</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chippenham_Parkway" class="mw-redirect" title="Chippenham Parkway">Chippenham Parkway</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Virginia_161.svg/30px-Virginia_161.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Virginia_161.svg/45px-Virginia_161.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Virginia_161.svg/60px-Virginia_161.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_161" title="Virginia State Route 161">SR 161</a> (Hermitage Rd, The Boulevard, Park Dr, Blanton Ave, Westover Hills Blvd, Belt Blvd, Bells Rd)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Virginia_195.svg/30px-Virginia_195.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Virginia_195.svg/45px-Virginia_195.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Virginia_195.svg/60px-Virginia_195.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_195" title="Virginia State Route 195">SR 195</a> (toll route) (Downtown Expy)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Virginia_197.svg/30px-Virginia_197.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Virginia_197.svg/45px-Virginia_197.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Virginia_197.svg/60px-Virginia_197.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_197" title="Virginia State Route 197">SR 197</a> (Malvern Ave, Westwood Ave, Saunders Ave, W Laburnum Ave)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Virginia_353.svg/30px-Virginia_353.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Virginia_353.svg/45px-Virginia_353.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Virginia_353.svg/60px-Virginia_353.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_353" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia State Route 353">SR 353</a> (Entrance to the Grounds of the Virginia Commonwealth University)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Virginia_895.svg/30px-Virginia_895.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Virginia_895.svg/45px-Virginia_895.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Virginia_895.svg/60px-Virginia_895.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_895" title="Virginia State Route 895">SR 895</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pocohontas_Parkway" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocohontas Parkway">Pocohontas Parkway</a> toll route)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilities">Utilities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Utilities">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Dominion_Energy" title="Dominion Energy">Dominion Energy</a> supplies the Richmond Metro area's <a href="/wiki/Electric_power" title="Electric power">electricity</a>. Headquartered in Richmond, it is one of the nation's largest producers of energy, serving retail energy customers in nine states. Electricity for the Richmond area is primarily produced at the <a href="/wiki/North_Anna_Nuclear_Generating_Station" title="North Anna Nuclear Generating Station">North Anna Nuclear Generating Station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surry_Nuclear_Generating_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Surry Nuclear Generating Station">Surry Nuclear Generating Station</a>, and a coal-fired station in <a href="/wiki/Chester,_Virginia" title="Chester, Virginia">Chester, Virginia</a>. These three plants provide a total of 4,453 <a href="/wiki/Megawatts" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatts">megawatts</a> of power. Several other natural gas plants provide extra power during peak demands, including facilities in <a href="/wiki/Chester,_Virginia" title="Chester, Virginia">Chester</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Surry,_Virginia" title="Surry, Virginia">Surry</a>, and two in Richmond, Gravel Neck and Darbytown.<a href="#cite_note-193">[189]</a> Richmond's Department of Public Utilities provides the Richmond Metro area's natural gas, including portions of <a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_Virginia" title="Chesterfield County, Virginia">Chesterfield</a> counties. It also supplies water to the city and surrounding area through wholesale contracts with <a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_Virginia" title="Chesterfield County, Virginia">Chesterfield</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hanover_County,_Virginia" title="Hanover County, Virginia">Hanover</a> counties. The DPU is one of Virginia's largest water producers, providing water to approximately 500,000 people, including 62,000 city customers, through a distribution system of water mains, pumping stations, storage facilities, and a modern plant that can treat up to 132 million gallons daily from the <a href="/wiki/James_River_(Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="James River (Virginia)">James River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[190]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Wastewater" title="Wastewater">wastewater</a> treatment plant is on the James River's south bank. It can treat up to 70 million gallons of water per day of sanitary sewage and stormwater before returning it to the river. The wastewater utility also operates and maintains 1,500 mi (2,400 km) of sanitary sewer and pumping stations, 38 mi (61 km) of intercepting sewer lines, and the Shockoe Retention Basin, a 44-million-gallon stormwater reservoir used during heavy rains. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Sister cities">edit</a>]</div> Richmond's <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister cities</a> are:<a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Richmond upon Thames</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saitama_(city)" title="Saitama (city)">Saitama</a>, Japan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gou" title="Ségou">Ségou</a>, Mali</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a>, Namibia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Olsztyn" title="Olsztyn">Olsztyn</a>, Poland</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Virginia" title="Portal:Virginia">Virginia portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Virginia" title="Culture of Virginia">Culture of Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Police_Department_(Virginia)" title="Richmond Police Department (Virginia)">Richmond Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Richmond" title="USS Richmond">USS Richmond</a>, 3 ships</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Category:People from Richmond, Virginia">Category:People from Richmond, Virginia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Annual records from the airport weather station that date back to 1948 are available on the web.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Official records for Richmond kept January 1887 to December 1910 at downtown, Chimborazo Park from January 1911 to December 1929, and at Richmond Int'l since January 1930. For more information, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threadex.rcc-acis.org">Threadex</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> The Virginia Department of Historic Resources maintains copies of the applications filed with the National Register of Historic Places. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RVA-1"><a href="#cite_ref-RVA_1-0">^</a> Per www.richmondgov.com & <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/RVA">The Free Dictionary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426214039/https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/RVA">Archived</a> April 26, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> City Connection, Office of the Press Secretary to the Mayor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richmondgov.com/PressSecretaryMayor/documents/CityConnection.pdf#page=2">Richmondgov.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930174829/http://www.richmondgov.com/PressSecretaryMayor/documents/CityConnection.pdf#page=2">Archived</a> September 30, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. January–March 2010 edition. Retrieved February 8, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-3"><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2019_3-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_51.txt">"2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016234816/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_51.txt">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2019+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2019_Gazetteer%2F2019_gaz_place_51.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/gaz-record/1499957">"Geographic Names Information System"</a>. edits.nationalmap.gov. Retrieved May 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=edits.nationalmap.gov&rft.atitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fgaz-record%2F1499957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RGMP40060">"Total Real Gross Domestic Product for Richmond, VA (MSA)"</a>. fred.stlouisfed.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fred.stlouisfed.org&rft.atitle=Total+Real+Gross+Domestic+Product+for+Richmond%2C+VA+%28MSA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffred.stlouisfed.org%2Fseries%2FRGMP40060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR2-6"><a href="#cite_ref-GR2_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"U.S. Census website"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210701194655/https://www.census.gov/">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2021. Retrieved January 31, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+website&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-QF-7"><a href="#cite_ref-QF_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045216/51760,00">"Richmond city QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau"</a>. State and County QuickFacts. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>. Retrieved October 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+and+County+QuickFacts&rft.atitle=Richmond+city+QuickFacts+from+the+US+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ftable%2FPST045216%2F51760%2C00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virginia-demographics.com/cities_by_population">"Virginia Cities by Population"</a>. www.virginia-demographics.com. 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Retrieved December 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Virginia&rft.atitle=Richmond+during+the+Colonial+Period&rft.aulast=Gottlieb&rft.aufirst=Matthew+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopediavirginia.org%2Fentries%2Frichmond-during-the-colonial-period%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teachers.yale.edu/curriculum/viewer/initiative_14.01.09_u">"Pain to Pride: A Visual Journey of African American Life in 19th Century Richmond, VA"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230127054516/https://teachers.yale.edu/curriculum/viewer/initiative_14.01.09_u">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2023. 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Retrieved February 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Six+local+companies+make+the+Fortune+500+list&rft.date=2013-05-08&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=John+Reid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frichmond.com%2Fbusiness%2Fsix-local-companies-make-the-fortune-500-list%2Farticle_3c00985a-a080-5885-bd24-5b862b704cd1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlatania2019" class="citation web cs1">Platania, Mike (May 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://richmondbizsense.com/2019/05/17/richmond-lands-7-fortune-500-list/">"Richmond lands 7 on Fortune 500 list"</a>. Richmond BizSense. Retrieved August 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Richmond+BizSense&rft.atitle=Richmond+lands+7+on+Fortune+500+list&rft.date=2019-05-17&rft.aulast=Platania&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frichmondbizsense.com%2F2019%2F05%2F17%2Frichmond-lands-7-fortune-500-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFmivey2022" class="citation web cs1">mivey (June 9, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grpva.com/news/greater-richmond-now-home-to-8-fortune-500-headquarters/">"Greater Richmond now home to 8 Fortune 500 headquarters | Greater Richmond Partnership | Virginia | USA"</a>. Retrieved August 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greater+Richmond+now+home+to+8+Fortune+500+headquarters+%7C+Greater+Richmond+Partnership+%7C+Virginia+%7C+USA&rft.date=2022-06-09&rft.au=mivey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grpva.com%2Fnews%2Fgreater-richmond-now-home-to-8-fortune-500-headquarters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCity_of_Richmond" class="citation web cs1">City of Richmond. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141025141830/http://www.richmondgov.com/Visitors/History.aspx">"History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richmondgov.com/Visitors/History.aspx">the original</a> on October 25, 2014. 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Yale University Press. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18733-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18733-5"><bdi>978-0-300-18733-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Civil+War+and+American+Art&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-300-18733-5&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=Eleanor+Jones&rft.au=Smithsonian+American+Art+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2CPJyvqk4CUC%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-liberty_death-22"><a href="#cite_ref-liberty_death_22-0">^</a> Grafton, John. 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Retrieved on July 11, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-Waddell-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Waddell_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaddell1902" class="citation book cs1">Waddell, Joseph Addison (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_rZbEC1kEdpcC">Annals of Augusta County, Virginia, from 1726 to 1871</a>. C. R. Caldwell. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_rZbEC1kEdpcC/page/n290">278</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annals+of+Augusta+County%2C+Virginia%2C+from+1726+to+1871&rft.pages=278&rft.pub=C.+R.+Caldwell&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Waddell&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Addison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_rZbEC1kEdpcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yorktown_1781-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Yorktown_1781_25-0">^</a> Morrissey, Brendan. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r--9D24q4ncC&dq=1781+benedict+arnold+richmond&pg=PA14">Yorktown 1781: The World Turned Upside Down</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160114204414/https://books.google.com/books?id=r--9D24q4ncC&pg=PA14&ots=6TIkUk31ng&dq=1781+benedict+arnold+richmond&sig=fnooW303Sxbtck7DWktPJoAUU3U#PPA14,M1">Archived</a> January 14, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." Published 1997, Osprey Publishing, pp. 14–16. </li> <li id="cite_note-Religious_Freedom-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Religious_Freedom_26-0">^</a> Peterson, Merrill D.; Vaughan, Robert C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I9v9aVcsfJ8C&dq=virginia+statute+for+religious+freedom&pg=PP1">The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom: Its Evolution and Consequences in American History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420191917/https://books.google.com/books?id=I9v9aVcsfJ8C&pg=PP1&ots=I1-IfSQYjF&dq=virginia+statute+for+religious+freedom&sig=hyrkj0zyKqP0iQil8AQqPdJ26XE">Archived</a> April 20, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Published 1988, Cambridge University Press. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-JRKCHD-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JRKCHD_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JRKCHD_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker_H._Hill_and_William_Trout1971" class="citation web cs1">Tucker H. Hill and William Trout (June 23, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/127-0171_James_River_and_Kanawha_Canal_Historic_District_1971_Final_Nomination.pdf">"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: James River and Kanawha Canal Historic District: From Ship Locks to Bosher's Dam"</a> (PDF). Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission. Retrieved February 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory%2FNomination%3A+James+River+and+Kanawha+Canal+Historic+District%3A+From+Ship+Locks+to+Bosher%27s+Dam&rft.pub=Virginia+Historic+Landmarks+Commission&rft.date=1971-06-23&rft.au=Tucker+H.+Hill+and+William+Trout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhr.virginia.gov%2FVLR_to_transfer%2FPDFNoms%2F127-0171_James_River_and_Kanawha_Canal_Historic_District_1971_Final_Nomination.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flag-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Flag_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKollatz,_Jr.2020" class="citation web cs1">Kollatz, Jr., Harry (July 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://richmondmagazine.com/news/when-statues-move/">"When statues move"</a>. richmondmagazine.com. Richmond Magazine. Retrieved February 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=richmondmagazine.com&rft.atitle=When+statues+move&rft.date=2020-07-07&rft.aulast=Kollatz%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frichmondmagazine.com%2Fnews%2Fwhen-statues-move%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=huxDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA196">The New American Encyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge</a>. D. Appleton. 1872. p. 196. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406122343/https://books.google.com/books?id=huxDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA196">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+American+Encyclopaedia%3A+A+Popular+Dictionary+of+General+Knowledge&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1872&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhuxDAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown_30-0">^</a> Switala, William J. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WPFYoBL6bGsC&dq=Henry+%22box%22+brown&pg=PA1">The Underground Railroad in Pennsylvania</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116024940/https://books.google.com/books?id=WPFYoBL6bGsC&pg=PA1&ots=RfR3Xdk02-&dq=Henry+%22box%22+brown&sig=Ogui2KimjOc5A8mcUWBh4HFDW1Y">Archived</a> January 16, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." Published 2001, Stackpole Books. pp. 1–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-Tredegar-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Tredegar_31-0">^</a> Time-Life Books. <a href="//archive.org/details/blockaderunnersr00time" class="extiw" title="iarchive:blockaderunnersr00time"> The Blockade: Runners and Raiders</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115004242/https://books.google.com/books?id=8DcvAAAAMAAJ&q=CSS+Virginia+Tredegar+Iron+Works+723+tons&dq=CSS+Virginia+Tredegar+Iron+Works+723+tons&pgis=1"></a></cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115004242/https://books.google.com/books?id=8DcvAAAAMAAJ&q=CSS+Virginia+Tredegar+Iron+Works+723+tons&dq=CSS+Virginia+Tredegar+Iron+Works+723+tons&pgis=1">The Blockade: Runners and Raiders</a>. Time-Life Books. 1983. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780809447091" title="Special:BookSources/9780809447091"><bdi>9780809447091</bdi></a>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2015.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blockade%3A+Runners+and+Raiders&rft.pub=Time-Life+Books&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780809447091&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8DcvAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DCSS%2BVirginia%2BTredegar%2BIron%2BWorks%2B723%2Btons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>). Published 1983, Time-Life, Inc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8094-4709-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8094-4709-1">978-0-8094-4709-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Bruce Levine, The Fall of the House of Dixie (New York, Random House 2014) pp. 269–70 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Levine pp. 271–72 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> "The City Magazine" The Richmond Whig, 4/27/1865 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Levine, pp. 272–73 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilwararchive.com/CORPS/25thcorp.htm">"The Civil War Archive Union Corps History 25th Corps"</a>. The Civil War Archive. Regimental Losses in the American Civil War William F. Fox. August 4, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050207183702/http://www.civilwararchive.com/CORPS/25thcorp.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2005. Retrieved November 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Civil+War+Archive&rft.atitle=The+Civil+War+Archive+Union+Corps+History+25th+Corps&rft.date=2001-08-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilwararchive.com%2FCORPS%2F25thcorp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Mike Wright, City Under Siege: Richmond in the Civil War (Rowman & Littlefield, 1995) </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Levine pp. 275–78 </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Levine pop. 279–82 </li> <li id="cite_note-JR&kanawha-40"><a href="#cite_ref-JR&kanawha_40-0">^</a> Dunaway, Wayland F. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eRAAgfbWT2IC&q=james+river+and+kanawha+canal">History of the James River and Kanawha Company</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115183832/https://books.google.com/books?id=eRAAgfbWT2IC&dq=james+river+and+kanawha+canal">Archived</a> January 15, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." Published 1922, Columbia University. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-streetcar_2-41"><a href="#cite_ref-streetcar_2_41-0">^</a> Harwood, Jr., Herbert H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KwtfsspuhKoC&dq=%22Frank+J.+Sprague%22%2B%22richmond%22%2B%22electric+streetcar%22&pg=PT11">Baltimore Streetcars: The Postwar Years</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115152859/https://books.google.com/books?id=KwtfsspuhKoC&pg=PT11&ots=BSv9Gjt-BO&dq=%22Frank+J.+Sprague%22%2B%22richmond%22%2B%22electric+streetcar%22&sig=iY0ftMhGUpXBcloLV89Q1VW7YqY">Archived</a> January 15, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Published 2003, Johns Hopkins University Press, p. vii. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7190-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7190-0">978-0-8018-7190-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-streetcar_1-42"><a href="#cite_ref-streetcar_1_42-0">^</a> Smil, Vaclav. <a href="//archive.org/details/creatingtwentiet0000smil/page/94" class="extiw" title="iarchive:creatingtwentiet0000smil/page/94"> Creating the Twentieth Century: Technical Innovations of 1867–1914 and Their Lasting Impact</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmil2005" class="citation book cs1">Smil, Vaclav (August 25, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115043658/https://books.google.com/books?id=w3Mh7qQRM-IC&pg=PA94&ots=HQHiiFD9mC&dq=%22Frank+J.+Sprague%22%2B%22richmond%22%2B%22electric+streetcar%22&sig=5HVXW6OygFef41F5HJ0Pe2H0BiY"></a></cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115043658/https://books.google.com/books?id=w3Mh7qQRM-IC&pg=PA94&ots=HQHiiFD9mC&dq=%22Frank+J.+Sprague%22%2B%22richmond%22%2B%22electric+streetcar%22&sig=5HVXW6OygFef41F5HJ0Pe2H0BiY">Creating the Twentieth Century: Technical Innovations of 1867-1914 and Their Lasting Impact</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-803774-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-803774-3"><bdi>978-0-19-803774-3</bdi></a>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2015.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creating+the+Twentieth+Century%3A+Technical+Innovations+of+1867-1914+and+Their+Lasting+Impact&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005-08-25&rft.isbn=978-0-19-803774-3&rft.aulast=Smil&rft.aufirst=Vaclav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw3Mh7qQRM-IC%26dq%3D%2522Frank%2BJ.%2BSprague%2522%252B%2522richmond%2522%252B%2522electric%2Bstreetcar%2522%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>). Published 2005, Oxford University Press, p. 94. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516874-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516874-7">978-0-19-516874-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> "Transit Topics." Published November 27, 1949 and November 30, 1957, Virginia Transit Company, Richmond, Virginia. </li> <li id="cite_note-GibsonC-44"><a href="#cite_ref-GibsonC_44-0">^</a> Gibson, Campbell. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html">Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070707153942/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html">Archived copy</a> at <a href="/wiki/WebCite" title="WebCite">WebCite</a> (July 10, 2007).." <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, June 1998. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-census1-45"><a href="#cite_ref-census1_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">"Virginia – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">the original</a> on August 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virginia+%E2%80%93+Race+and+Hispanic+Origin+for+Selected+Cities+and+Other+Places%3A+Earliest+Census+to+1990&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fdocumentation%2Ftwps0076%2Ftwps0076.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaggieWalker-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaggieWalker_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaggieWalker_46-1">b</a> Felder, Deborah G. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7mc8QsyUMjAC&dq=St.+Luke+Penny+Savings+Bank&pg=PA338">A Century of Women: The Most Influential Events in Twentieth-Century Women's History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115235241/https://books.google.com/books?id=7mc8QsyUMjAC&pg=PA338&ots=uUWVqtyekp&dq=St.+Luke+Penny+Savings+Bank&sig=ljb5MGtQkyZe-cTAZotNC1un10U">Archived</a> January 15, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 1999, Citadel Press, p. 338. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55972-485-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55972-485-2">978-1-55972-485-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harry-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Harry_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKollatz2016" class="citation news cs1">Kollatz, Harry Jr. (December 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://richmondmagazine.com/home/special-addresses/russell-house-revival/">"Russell House Revival"</a>. Richmond Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220106001351/https://richmondmagazine.com/home/special-addresses/russell-house-revival/">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2022. Retrieved January 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russell+House+Revival&rft.date=2016-12-05&rft.aulast=Kollatz&rft.aufirst=Harry+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frichmondmagazine.com%2Fhome%2Fspecial-addresses%2Frussell-house-revival%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-manchester-48"><a href="#cite_ref-manchester_48-0">^</a> Chesson, Michael B. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PFElAAAAMAAJ&q=manchester+richmond+1910">Richmond After the War, 1865 to 1890</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115185046/https://books.google.com/books?id=PFElAAAAMAAJ&q=manchester+richmond+1910&dq=manchester+richmond+1910&pgis=1">Archived</a> January 15, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." Published 1981, Virginia State Library, p. 177. </li> <li id="cite_note-WRVA-49"><a href="#cite_ref-WRVA_49-0">^</a> Tyler-McGraw, Marie. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ViOxxN4lHTkC&dq=WRVA+1925&pg=PA257">At the Falls: Richmond, Virginia, and Its People</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115173209/https://books.google.com/books?id=ViOxxN4lHTkC&pg=PA257&dq=WRVA+1925&sig=SUIk7fLPtPdoqcmjrF63nuajH1M">Archived</a> January 15, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." Published 1994, UNC Press, p. 257. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-4476-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-4476-2">978-0-8078-4476-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-vcu-50"><a href="#cite_ref-vcu_50-0">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcu.edu/about/">About VCU</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070704044449/http://www.vcu.edu/about/">Archived</a> July 4, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University</a>. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-RichmondvUS-51"><a href="#cite_ref-RichmondvUS_51-0">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supreme.justia.com/us/422/358/">City of Richmond v. United States, 422 U.S. 358</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017054414/http://supreme.justia.com/us/422/358/">Archived</a> October 17, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." 1975. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a>. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-floodwall-52"><a href="#cite_ref-floodwall_52-0">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richmondriverdistrict.com/main.cfm?action=history">River District History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070703013138/http://www.richmondriverdistrict.com/main.cfm?action=history">Archived</a> July 3, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richmondriverdistrict.com/">Richmond River District</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050127204802/http://richmondriverdistrict.com/">Archived</a> January 27, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on July 11, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-canal_walk-53"><a href="#cite_ref-canal_walk_53-0">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20090804050555/http://www2.richmond.com/content/2009/jul/31/canal-walk/">The Canal Walk</a>." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.richmond.com/">Richmond.com</a>. July 31, 2009. Retrieved on January 20, 2010.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-arthurashe-54"><a href="#cite_ref-arthurashe_54-0">^</a> Edds, Margaret; Little, Robert. "Why Richmond voted to Honor Arthur Ashe on Monument Avenue. The Final, Compelling Argument for Supporters: A Street Reserved for Confederate Generals had no Place in this City." <a href="/wiki/The_Virginian-Pilot" title="The Virginian-Pilot">The Virginian-Pilot</a>. July 19, 1995. </li> <li id="cite_note-arthurashe2-55"><a href="#cite_ref-arthurashe2_55-0">^</a> Staff Writer. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/05/us/arthur-ashe-statue-set-up-in-richmond-at-last.html">Arthur Ashe Statue Set Up in Richmond at Last</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170330211918/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/05/us/arthur-ashe-statue-set-up-in-richmond-at-last.html">Archived</a> March 30, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>. July 5, 1996. Retrieved on January 20, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aaregistry.org/story/douglas-wilder-born/">"Douglas Wilder, Politician born"</a>. African American Registry. Retrieved November 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=African+American+Registry&rft.atitle=Douglas+Wilder%2C+Politician+born&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faaregistry.org%2Fstory%2Fdouglas-wilder-born%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvansStreever2021" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Whittney; Streever, David (September 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/09/08/1035004639/virginia-ready-to-remove-massive-robert-e-lee-statue-following-a-year-of-lawsuit#:~:text=Northam%20announced%20plans%20to%20remove,the%2061%2Dfoot%2Dtall%20memorial">"Virginia's Massive Robert e. Lee Statue Has Been Removed"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110072751/https://www.npr.org/2021/09/08/1035004639/virginia-ready-to-remove-massive-robert-e-lee-statue-following-a-year-of-lawsuit#:~:text=Northam%20announced%20plans%20to%20remove,the%2061%2Dfoot%2Dtall%20memorial">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Virginia%27s+Massive+Robert+e.+Lee+Statue+Has+Been+Removed&rft.date=2021-09-08&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Whittney&rft.au=Streever%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F09%2F08%2F1035004639%2Fvirginia-ready-to-remove-massive-robert-e-lee-statue-following-a-year-of-lawsuit%23%3A~%3Atext%3DNortham%2520announced%2520plans%2520to%2520remove%2Cthe%252061%252Dfoot%252Dtall%2520memorial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Gregory S. Schneider. Washington Post reporter. ( 2 January 2023). "White contractors wouldn't remove Confederate statues. So a Black man did it.". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/white-contractors-wouldn-t-remove-confederate-statues-so-a-black-man-did-it/ar-AA15T0tX">MSN website</a> Retrieved 3 January 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-GR1-59"><a href="#cite_ref-GR1_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html">"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. February 12, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190824085937/https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Gazetteer+files%3A+2010%2C+2000%2C+and+1990&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2011-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeographies%2Freference-files%2Ftime-series%2Fgeo%2Fgazetteer-files.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RIPE_report-60"><a href="#cite_ref-RIPE_report_60-0">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richmondregional.org/Publications/Data/RIPE_Jan_06.pdf">The Richmond-Petersburg MSA at a Glance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808015807/http://www.richmondregional.org/Publications/Data/RIPE_Jan_06.pdf">Archived</a> August 8, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richmondregional.org/">Richmond Regional Planning District Commission</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070718062354/http://www.richmondregional.org/">Archived</a> July 18, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/tax_credits/Historic_District_Maps/RichmondNorth_20120926.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on December 28, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhr.virginia.gov%2Ftax_credits%2FHistoric_District_Maps%2FRichmondNorth_20120926.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191030170031/http://www.virginiaplaces.org/climate/">"Climate of Virginia"</a>. Virginiaplaces.org. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.timesdispatch.com/news/2008/dec/07/rhom07_20081206-211651-ar-102109/">the original</a> on February 4, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Richmond+Times+Dispatch&rft.atitle=Richmond%27s+homicide+rate+on+pace+to+reach+37-year+low.&rft.date=2008-12-07&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Reed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.timesdispatch.com%2Fnews%2F2008%2Fdec%2F07%2Frhom07_20081206-211651-ar-102109%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2008_rankings-98"><a href="#cite_ref-2008_rankings_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120904020922/http://os.cqpress.com/citycrime/CityCrime2008_Rank_Rev.pdf">"2008 City Crime Rankings"</a> (PDF). CQ Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://os.cqpress.com/citycrime/CityCrime2008_Rank_Rev.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on September 4, 2012. Retrieved July 14, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008+City+Crime+Rankings.&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fos.cqpress.com%2Fcitycrime%2FCityCrime2008_Rank_Rev.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2012_rankings-99"><a href="#cite_ref-2012_rankings_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130228004156/http://os.cqpress.com/citycrime/2012/CityCrime2013_CityCrimeRateRankings.pdf">"2012 City Crime Rankings"</a> (PDF). CQ Press. 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Here are their stories."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170923170040/http://www.richmond.com/news/local/city-of-richmond/article_4742e8b1-e2de-5c72-9b47-a373924014d2.html">Archived</a> September 23, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved January 15, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/new-hampshire-richmond-crime-virginia-united-states-4b62ec4728454e0186dc5139937f5dd9">"Virginia ranks among states with lowest crime rates"</a>. AP NEWS. April 20, 2021. Retrieved May 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Virginia+ranks+among+states+with+lowest+crime+rates&rft.date=2021-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fnew-hampshire-richmond-crime-virginia-united-states-4b62ec4728454e0186dc5139937f5dd9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2presrichmond.org/?page_id=232">History of Second Presbyterian Church, Richmond</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724204042/http://2presrichmond.org/?page_id=232">Archived</a> July 24, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." Second Presbyterian Church. Retrieved on January 20, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120226144824/http://www.stpeterchurch1834.org/our-history.php">"St. Peter's' Site"</a>. Stpeterchurch1834.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stpeterchurch1834.org/our-history.php">the original</a> on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Peter%27s%27+Site&rft.pub=Stpeterchurch1834.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stpeterchurch1834.org%2Four-history.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117145256/http://www.richmonddiocese.org/parish/cathedral-sacred-heart">"Cathedral of The Sacred Heart | Catholic Diocese of Richmond"</a>. Richmonddiocese.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richmonddiocese.org/parish/cathedral-sacred-heart">the original</a> on January 17, 2012. Retrieved February 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cathedral+of+The+Sacred+Heart+%26%23124%3B+Catholic+Diocese+of+Richmond&rft.pub=Richmonddiocese.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmonddiocese.org%2Fparish%2Fcathedral-sacred-heart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/centers/default_cdo/aid/117734/jewish/Chabad-of-Virginia.htm">"Chabad of the Virginias"</a>. Chabad.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111106053451/http://www.chabad.org/centers/default_cdo/aid/117734/jewish/Chabad-of-Virginia.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chabad+of+the+Virginias&rft.pub=Chabad.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Fcenters%2Fdefault_cdo%2Faid%2F117734%2Fjewish%2FChabad-of-Virginia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greekfestival.com/33/index.html">Richmond Greek Festival</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100130025504/http://www.greekfestival.com/33/index.html">Archived</a> January 30, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on January 20, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021203549/http://www.salatomatic.com/d/Henrico+22867+Islamic-Center-of-Henrico">"Masjid Al-Falah"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salatomatic.com/d/Henrico+22867+Islamic-Center-of-Henrico">the original</a> on October 21, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Masjid+Al-Falah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salatomatic.com%2Fd%2FHenrico%2B22867%2BIslamic-Center-of-Henrico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407071137/http://westendislamiccenter.org/index.php">"West End Islamic Center"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://westendislamiccenter.org/index.php">the original</a> on April 7, 2014. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=West+End+Islamic+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwestendislamiccenter.org%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114195221/https://www.icrva.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=40&Itemid=68">"Masjid Yusuf"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icrva.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=40&Itemid=68">the original</a> on November 14, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Masjid+Yusuf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icrva.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Dcategory%26layout%3Dblog%26id%3D40%26Itemid%3D68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isgr.org/mas26inf.pdf">History of Local Masajid</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614055039/http://www.isgr.org/mas26inf.pdf">Archived</a> June 14, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isgr.org/">Islamic Society of Greater Richmond</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825133222/http://www.isgr.org/">Archived</a> August 25, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. February 2006. Retrieved on February 22, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120428100505/http://www.masjidbilalva.org/">"Masjid Bilal"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masjidbilalva.org/">the original</a> on April 28, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Masjid+Bilal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masjidbilalva.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120801022512/http://ww2.icva1.com/index.php">"Islamic Center of Virginia"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2.icva1.com/index.php">the original</a> on August 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islamic+Center+of+Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww2.icva1.com%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114195549/https://www.icrva.org/">"Islamic Center of Richmond"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icrva.org/">the original</a> on November 14, 2012. 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Retrieved February 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Facilities&rft.atitle=Honeywell+Expands+Advanced+Fiber+Production+in+Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusinessfacilities.com%2Fhoneywell-expands-advanced-fiber-production-in-virginia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Sarah Kleiner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.richmond.com/news/virginia/richmond-s-poverty-rate-is-second-highest-in-virginia/article_379d6968-ea24-5239-8f7b-5d4cc3e66394.html">Richmond's poverty rate is second-highest in Virginia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701030252/http://www.richmond.com/news/virginia/richmond-s-poverty-rate-is-second-highest-in-virginia/article_379d6968-ea24-5239-8f7b-5d4cc3e66394.html">Archived</a> July 1, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Richmond Times-Dispatch (September 15, 2016). </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Sarah Kleiner & Katie Demeria, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.richmond.com/news/virginia/richmond-s-percent-child-poverty-rate-is-more-than-twice/article_81ddabbe-f84d-5ef0-aa35-d7a2aed3a19d.html">Richmond's 39 percent child poverty rate is more than twice that of all Virginia, according to study</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180802121829/https://www.richmond.com/news/virginia/richmond-s-percent-child-poverty-rate-is-more-than-twice/article_81ddabbe-f84d-5ef0-aa35-d7a2aed3a19d.html">Archived</a> August 2, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Richmond Times-Dispatch (June 20, 2016). </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Emily Badger & Quoctrung Bui, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/04/07/upshot/millions-of-eviction-records-a-sweeping-new-look-at-housing-in-america.html">In 83 Million Eviction Records, a Sweeping and Intimate New Look at Housing in America</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180407154305/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/04/07/upshot/millions-of-eviction-records-a-sweeping-new-look-at-housing-in-america.html">Archived</a> April 7, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, New York Times (April 7, 2018). </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> Tina Grieg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/storyline/wp/2014/10/31/trying-to-make-it-in-a-neighborhood-with-a-70-percent-poverty-rate/">Trying to make it in a neighborhood with a 70 percent poverty rate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408010226/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/storyline/wp/2014/10/31/trying-to-make-it-in-a-neighborhood-with-a-70-percent-poverty-rate/">Archived</a> April 8, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Washington Post (October 31, 2014). </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> Mark Robinson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://richmondmagazine.com/news/features/creighton-court/">To Live and Die in Creighton Court</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141340/http://richmondmagazine.com/news/features/creighton-court/">Archived</a> April 8, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Richmond Mag (July 28, 2016). </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171205042010/https://bethahabah.org/bama/archives/">"Archives – Beth Ahabah"</a>. 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(August 6, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_au/article/rnxk7r/iron-reagan-wants-to-stab-you-in-the-eye-interview">"Iron Reagan Wants to Stab You in the Eye"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802033457/https://www.vice.com/en_au/article/rnxk7r/iron-reagan-wants-to-stab-you-in-the-eye-interview">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=Iron+Reagan+Wants+to+Stab+You+in+the+Eye&rft.date=2014-08-06&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen_au%2Farticle%2Frnxk7r%2Firon-reagan-wants-to-stab-you-in-the-eye-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> Wayne Melton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.styleweekly.com/richmond/10-richmond-musicians-who-got-noticed/Content?oid=1384442">10 Richmond musicians who got noticed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141218/https://www.styleweekly.com/richmond/10-richmond-musicians-who-got-noticed/Content?oid=1384442">Archived</a> April 8, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Style Weekly (October 16, 2002). </li> <li id="cite_note-Mending-143"><a href="#cite_ref-Mending_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGau2020" class="citation web cs1">Gau, Terry Menefee (August 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vpm.org/2020-08-07/mending-walls-rva-telling-history-and-engaging-difficult-conversations-through-art">"Mending Walls RVA – Telling history and engaging difficult conversations through art"</a>. vpm.org. National Public Radio. Retrieved February 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vpm.org&rft.atitle=Mending+Walls+RVA+%E2%80%93+Telling+history+and+engaging+difficult+conversations+through+art&rft.date=2020-08-07&rft.aulast=Gau&rft.aufirst=Terry+Menefee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vpm.org%2F2020-08-07%2Fmending-walls-rva-telling-history-and-engaging-difficult-conversations-through-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> Macready, William, The diaries of William Charles Macready, 1833–1851, Volume 2, p. 416 </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poemuseum.org/">"Edgar Allan Poe Museum : Poe's life, legacy, and Works : Richmond, Virginia"</a>. www.poemuseum.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091219123629/http://www.poemuseum.org/">Archived</a> from the original on December 19, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.poemuseum.org&rft.atitle=Edgar+Allan+Poe+Museum+%3A+Poe%27s+life%2C+legacy%2C+and+Works+%3A+Richmond%2C+Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poemuseum.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-english.vcu.edu-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-english.vcu.edu_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-english.vcu.edu_146-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.vcu.edu/mfa/creative-writing-faculty/">"Creative Writing Faculty - Virginia Commonwealth University"</a>. english.vcu.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160822080941/https://english.vcu.edu/mfa/creative-writing-faculty/">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved August 2, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.vcu.edu&rft.atitle=Creative+Writing+Faculty+-+Virginia+Commonwealth+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.vcu.edu%2Fmfa%2Fcreative-writing-faculty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> Hansen, Harry. "The Civil War: A History." Published 2002, Signet Classic. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-451-52849-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-451-52849-0">978-0-451-52849-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-jefferson_capital-148"><a href="#cite_ref-jefferson_capital_148-0">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lva.virginia.gov/exhibits/capitol/">Jefferson & The Capital Of Virginia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100115150112/http://www.lva.virginia.gov/exhibits/capitol/">Archived</a> January 15, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." An Exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Virginia" title="Library of Virginia">Library of Virginia</a>; January 7 – June 15, 2002. Retrieved on January 20, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Robert P. Winthrop, Cast and Wrought: The Architectural Metalwork of Richmond, Virginia, (Richmond, Virginia: Valentine Museum, 1980), 93. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/tacky-holiday-lights/">"Tacky holiday lights"</a>. CBS News. December 18, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211221222117/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/tacky-holiday-lights/">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Tacky+holiday+lights&rft.date=2011-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fpictures%2Ftacky-holiday-lights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> "The Harvard Five in New Canaan", William D. Earls AIA, W. W Norton and Co., 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-73183-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-73183-5">978-0-393-73183-5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.municode.com/library/va/richmond/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CORIVI_CH30ZO_ARTIXOVDI_DIV4OLHIDI_S30-930.2PU">City Code of Richmond, Virginia, Section 30-930.2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160625033821/https://www2.municode.com/library/va/richmond/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CORIVI_CH30ZO_ARTIXOVDI_DIV4OLHIDI_S30-930.2PU">Archived</a> June 25, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.municode.com/library/va/richmond/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CORIVI_CH30ZO_ARTIXOVDI_DIV4OLHIDI_S30-930.5ESPAOLHIDI">City Code of Richmond, Virginia, Section 30-930.5</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160625034925/https://www2.municode.com/library/va/richmond/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CORIVI_CH30ZO_ARTIXOVDI_DIV4OLHIDI_S30-930.5ESPAOLHIDI">Archived</a> June 25, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Detailed descriptions of these districts are provided by the city in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richmondgov.com/CommissionArchitecturalReview/documents/Old_Historic_Dist.pdf">Old & Historic Districts of Richmond, Virginia, Handbook and Design Review Guidelines (1st Edition, December, 2006, updated January, 2015), p. 11</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161017100203/http://www.richmondgov.com/CommissionArchitecturalReview/documents/Old_Historic_Dist.pdf">Archived</a> October 17, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-RTJ_Foodie-156"><a href="#cite_ref-RTJ_Foodie_156-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarri_Peifer2014" class="citation web cs1">Karri Peifer (September 10, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.richmond.com/food-drink/restaurant-news/article_65a140a2-38ed-11e4-8203-001a4bcf6878.html">"Richmond One of '8 Under-the-Radar Foodie Cities' in the World"</a>. 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Retrieved May 24, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=richmondgov.com&rft.atitle=Richmond%2C+VA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmondgov.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241001161156/https://www.rva.gov/richmond-city-council-sister-cities-commission/richmond-sister-cities-commission">"Richmond Sister Cities Commission"</a>. rva.gov. City of Richmond. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rva.gov/richmond-city-council-sister-cities-commission/richmond-sister-cities-commission">the original</a> on October 1, 2024. Retrieved October 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rva.gov&rft.atitle=Richmond+Sister+Cities+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rva.gov%2Frichmond-city-council-sister-cities-commission%2Frichmond-sister-cities-commission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Ash, Stephen V. Rebel Richmond: Life and Death in the Confederate Capital (UNC Press, 2019).</li> <li>Bill, Alfred Hoyt. The Beleaguered City: Richmond, 1861–1865 (1946).</li> <li>Calcutt, Rebecca Barbour. Richmond's Wartime Hospitals (Pelican Publishing, 2005).</li> <li>Chesson, Michael B. Richmond after the war, 1865–1890 (Virginia State Library, 1981).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDabney1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Virginius_Dabney" title="Virginius Dabney">Dabney, Virginius</a> (1990). Richmond: The Story of a City (revised and expanded ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="University Press of Virginia">University Press of Virginia</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813912745" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813912745"><bdi>978-0813912745</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richmond%3A+The+Story+of+a+City&rft.edition=revised+and+expanded&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Virginia&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0813912745&rft.aulast=Dabney&rft.aufirst=Virginius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichmond%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Furgurson, Ernest B. Ashes of glory: Richmond at war (1996).</li> <li>Hoffman, Steven J. Race, Class and Power in the Building of Richmond, 1870-1920 (McFarland, 2004).</li> <li>Mustian, Thomas F. Facts and Legends of Richmond Area Streets. (Richmond, VA: Dementi Milestone Publishing, 2007).</li> <li>Thomas, Emory M. The Confederate State of Richmond: A Biography of the Capital (LSU Press, 1998).</li> <li>Trammell, Jack. The Richmond Slave Trade: The Economic Backbone of the Old Dominion (The History Press, 2012).</li> <li>Wright, Mike. City Under Siege: Richmond in the Civil War (Rowman & Littlefield, 1995)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rva.gov">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chamberrva.com/">ChamberRVA</a>, the regional chamber of commerce for Greater Richmond</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitrichmondva.com/">Richmond Metropolitan Convention & Visitors Bureau</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/richmond/index.html">Richmond, Virginia</a>, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage travel itinerary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4Id5ZwtMRk">video:Exploring the James River Parks of Richmond</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico County</a></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico County</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" />Richmond, Virginia<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico County</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_Virginia" title="Chesterfield County, Virginia">Chesterfield County</a></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Richmond" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#1A2B80;color:#FFD700;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greater_Richmond_Region" title="Template:Greater Richmond Region"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFD700">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greater_Richmond_Region" title="Template talk:Greater Richmond Region"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFD700">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greater_Richmond_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greater Richmond Region"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFD700">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Richmond" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Richmond</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#1A2B80;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Downtown Richmond, Virginia">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Richmond,_Virginia" title="History of Richmond, Virginia">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Timeline of Richmond, Virginia">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_of_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Neighborhoods of Richmond, Virginia">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Arts_and_culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Sports in Richmond, Virginia">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Media in Richmond, Virginia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Education in Richmond, Virginia">Education</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Transportation in Richmond, Virginia">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_River_(Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="James River (Virginia)">James River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Richmond_Region#Retail_and_shopping" title="Greater Richmond Region">Retail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#1A2B80;">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landmark_Theater_(Richmond,_Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Landmark Theater (Richmond, Virginia)">Landmark Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_CenterStage" title="Richmond CenterStage">CenterStage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Coliseum" title="Richmond Coliseum">Richmond Coliseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Virginia Museum of Fine Arts">Virginia Museum of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Richmond_Zoo" title="Metro Richmond Zoo">Metro Richmond Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_Avenue" title="Monument Avenue">Monument Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_C._Siegel_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuart C. Siegel Center">Siegel Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Diamond_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="The Diamond (Richmond, Virginia)">The Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe_Museum_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Edgar Allan Poe Museum (Richmond, Virginia)">Poe Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_The_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of The Confederacy">Museum of The Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Pump_Town_Center" title="Short Pump Town Center">Short Pump Town Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_Point_Fashion_Park" title="Stony Point Fashion Park">Stony Point Fashion Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_Towne_Center" title="Chesterfield Towne Center">Chesterfield Towne Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regency_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Regency Square">Regency Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumors_of_War" title="Rumors of War">Rumors of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southpark_Mall_(Colonial_Heights,_Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southpark Mall (Colonial Heights, Virginia)">Southpark Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Center_Commons" title="Virginia Center Commons">Virginia Center Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Historical_Society" title="Virginia Historical Society">Virginia Museum of History & Culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#1A2B80;">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_County,_Virginia" title="Amelia County, Virginia">Amelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_County,_Virginia" title="Caroline County, Virginia">Caroline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_City_County,_Virginia" title="Charles City County, Virginia">Charles City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_Virginia" title="Chesterfield County, Virginia">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Virginia" title="Cumberland County, Virginia">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinwiddie_County,_Virginia" title="Dinwiddie County, Virginia">Dinwiddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goochland_County,_Virginia" title="Goochland County, Virginia">Goochland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_County,_Virginia" title="Hanover County, Virginia">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_and_Queen_County,_Virginia" title="King and Queen County, Virginia">King and Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_William_County,_Virginia" title="King William County, Virginia">King William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_County,_Virginia" title="Louisa County, Virginia">Louisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kent_County,_Virginia" title="New Kent County, Virginia">New Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powhatan_County,_Virginia" title="Powhatan County, Virginia">Powhatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_County,_Virginia" title="Prince George County, Virginia">Prince George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_Virginia" title="Sussex County, Virginia">Sussex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighborhoods_in_Richmond,_Virginia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Richmond,_Virginia_neighborhoods" title="Template:Richmond, Virginia neighborhoods"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Richmond,_Virginia_neighborhoods" title="Template talk:Richmond, Virginia neighborhoods"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Richmond,_Virginia_neighborhoods" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Richmond, Virginia neighborhoods"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighborhoods_in_Richmond,_Virginia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_of_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Neighborhoods of Richmond, Virginia">Neighborhoods</a> in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richmond, Virginia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Downtown Richmond, Virginia">Downtown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_District,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Arts District, Richmond, Virginia">Arts District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Street_Banking_Historic_District" title="Main Street Banking Historic District">Banking District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotech_and_MCV_District" title="Biotech and MCV District">Biotech and MCV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Office_District" title="Central Office District">Central Office District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Downtown Richmond, Virginia">City Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_End" title="Court End">Court End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_0-100_East_Franklin_Street_Historic_District" title="Block 0-100 East Franklin Street Historic District">East Franklin Block</a></li> <li>Financial District</li> <li>French Garden Hill</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambles_Hill" title="Gambles Hill">Gambles Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Ward" title="Jackson Ward">Jackson Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Ward" title="Monroe Ward">Monroe Ward</a></li> <li>Riverside District</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shockoe_Bottom" title="Shockoe Bottom">Shockoe Bottom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shockoe_Slip" title="Shockoe Slip">Shockoe Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Shockoe_Valley" title="Upper Shockoe Valley">Upper Shockoe Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_End_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="East End (Richmond, Virginia)">East End</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Allen Heights</li> <li>Alton Heights</li> <li>Ashley Oaks</li> <li>Belmont</li> <li>Bolton and Taliaferrol</li> <li>Bowling Green</li> <li>Brauers</li> <li>Briels</li> <li>Cardinal Court</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakwood%E2%80%93Chimborazo_Historic_District" title="Oakwood–Chimborazo Historic District">Chimborazo</a></li> <li>Chimborazo Village</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Hill,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Church Hill, Richmond, Virginia">Church Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Hill_North_Historic_District" title="Church Hill North Historic District">Church Hill North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creighton_Court" title="Creighton Court">Creighton Court</a></li> <li>Eastlawn</li> <li>Eastview</li> <li>Fairfield</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairmount,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Fairmount, Richmond, Virginia">Fairmount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Hill" title="Fulton Hill">Fulton Hill</a></li> <li>Geffert Place</li> <li>Glenwood</li> <li>Guildts Estates</li> <li>Habitat Hills</li> <li>Harrison Place</li> <li>Howard's Grove</li> <li>Kuhn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libby_Hill,_Richmond" title="Libby Hill, Richmond">Libby Hill</a></li> <li>Linsville</li> <li>Mechaniscville Gardens</li> <li>Montrose Heights</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosby_Court" title="Mosby Court">Mosby</a></li> <li>Mount Erin</li> <li>Montibello</li> <li>National Heights</li> <li>Navy Hill</li> <li>North Church Hill</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakwood-Chimborazo_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakwood-Chimborazo Historic District">Oakwood</a></li> <li>Overhill Place</li> <li>Payne Square</li> <li>Peter Paul</li> <li>Powhatan</li> <li>Rainbow Village</li> <li>Rico</li> <li>Robinson Heights</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocketts_Landing" title="Rocketts Landing">Rocketts Landing</a></li> <li>Rutherford Tract</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_Town" title="Shed Town">Shed Town</a></li> <li>Silver Crest</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_Row,_Richmond" title="Tobacco Row, Richmond">Tobacco Row</a></li> <li>Tuxedo Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Hill,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Union Hill, Richmond, Virginia">Union Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witcomb_Court" title="Witcomb Court">Witcomb Court</a></li> <li>Wynwood</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Side_(Richmond_Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Side (Richmond Virginia)">North Side</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Court_Historic_District" title="Battery Court Historic District">Battery Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Heights" title="Barton Heights">Barton Heights</a></li> <li>Bellevue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookland_Park_Historic_District" title="Brookland Park Historic District">Brookland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamberlayne_Industrial_Center" title="Chamberlayne Industrial Center">Chamberlayne Industrial Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Hill,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Chestnut Hill, Richmond, Virginia">Chestnut Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Hill%E2%80%93Plateau_Historic_District" title="Chestnut Hill–Plateau Historic District">Chestnut Hill–Plateau</a></li> <li>Edgewood</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilpin,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Gilpin, Richmond, Virginia">Gilpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginter_Park" title="Ginter Park">Ginter Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Park,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Green Park, Richmond, Virginia">Green Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Road_Historic_District" title="Hermitage Road Historic District">Hermitage Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Park_(Richmond)" title="Highland Park (Richmond)">Highland Park</a></li> <li>Highland Terrace</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laburnum_Park_Historic_District" title="Laburnum Park Historic District">Laburnum Park</a></li> <li>Magnolia Industrial Center</li> <li>North Highland Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Camp,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Pine Camp, Richmond, Virginia">Pine Camp</a></li> <li>Providence Park</li> <li>Rosedale</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Park_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Sherwood Park (Richmond, Virginia)">Sherwood Park</a></li> <li>Southern Barton Heights</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Union_University" title="Virginia Union University">Virginia Union University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Park,_Richmond" title="Washington Park, Richmond">Washington Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southside_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="Southside (Richmond, Virginia)">Southside</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ancarrow's Landing</li> <li>Ann's Acres</li> <li>Bellemeade</li> <li>Belmont Woods</li> <li>Blackwell</li> <li>Broad Rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookbury,_Virginia" title="Brookbury, Virginia">Brookbury</a></li> <li>Brookside</li> <li>Buck Hill</li> <li>Cedarhurst</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Gardens,_Virginia" title="Cherry Gardens, Virginia">Cherry Gardens</a></li> <li>Chippenham Forest</li> <li>Claremont</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopton,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Clopton, Richmond, Virginia">Clopton</a></li> <li>Cofer</li> <li>Cotrell Farms</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorchester,_Virginia" title="Dorchester, Virginia">Dorchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairway_Acres,_Virginia" title="Fairway Acres, Virginia">Fairway Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Hill,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Forest Hill, Richmond, Virginia">Forest Hill</a></li> <li>Gravel Hill</li> <li>Hickory Hill</li> <li>Hillside Court</li> <li>Hioaks</li> <li>Holmes Heights</li> <li>Huguenot</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahnke,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Jahnke, Richmond, Virginia">Jahnke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Manchester, Richmond, Virginia">Manchester</a></li> <li>Mason Park</li> <li>Maury</li> <li>McGuire</li> <li>Newell</li> <li>Newtown South</li> <li>Northrop</li> <li>Oak Grove</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Manchester" title="Old Town Manchester">Old Town Manchester</a></li> <li>Oxford</li> <li>Piney Knolls</li> <li>Pocosham Park</li> <li>Purcell's Addition</li> <li>Robertson & Bradley's Addition</li> <li>Saint John's Woods</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Richmond,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="South Richmond, Richmond, Virginia">South Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Southampton, Richmond, Virginia">Southampton</a></li> <li>Stratford Hills</li> <li>Swansboro</li> <li>Thurston & Taylor's Addition</li> <li>Warwick</li> <li>Westlake Hills</li> <li>Westover Court</li> <li>Windsor</li> <li>Woodhaven</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Heights,_Virginia" title="Woodland Heights, Virginia">Woodland Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Park,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Woodland Park, Richmond, Virginia">Woodland Park</a></li> <li>Woolfolk</li> <li>Worthington</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_End_(Richmond,_Virginia)" title="West End (Richmond, Virginia)">West End</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2900_Block_Grove_Avenue_Historic_District" title="2900 Block Grove Avenue Historic District">2900 Block of Grove</a></li> <li>Bays Meade</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_(Richmond,_Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulevard (Richmond, Virginia)">Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byrd_Park" title="Byrd Park">Byrd Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carillon,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Carillon, Richmond, Virginia">Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carver,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Carver, Richmond, Virginia">Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carver_Industrial_Historic_District" title="Carver Industrial Historic District">Carver Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carytown,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Carytown, Richmond, Virginia">Carytown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinatown,_Richmond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinatown, Richmond (page does not exist)">Chinatown</a></li> <li>Club View</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Place,_Richmond" title="Colonial Place, Richmond">Colonial Place</a></li> <li>Dahlia Farms</li> <li>Duntreath</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Fan district">The Fan</a></li> <li>Garrett Manor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCU_Greek_Row" title="VCU Greek Row">Greek Row</a></li> <li>Hampton Gardens</li> <li>Hampton Hills</li> <li>Harvey</li> <li>Henry Place</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huguenot_Farms,_Virginia" title="Huguenot Farms, Virginia">Huguenot Farms</a></li> <li>Lee Mac</li> <li>Leonard Heights</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockgreen" title="Lockgreen">Lockgreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvern_Gardens" title="Malvern Gardens">Malvern Gardens</a></li> <li>Malven Manor</li> <li>Mapleshade</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maymont_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Maymont Park">Maymont</a></li> <li>Monument Heights</li> <li>Monument Hills</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_District,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Museum District, Richmond, Virginia">Museum District</a></li> <li>Nash Plan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_West_End" title="Near West End">Near West End</a></li> <li>Newtowne West</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Hill" title="Oregon Hill">Oregon Hill</a></li> <li>Patterson Place</li> <li>Portland Place</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph,_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Randolph, Richmond, Virginia">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Vista,_Virginia" title="Rio Vista, Virginia">Rio Vista</a></li> <li>Rhoadmiller</li> <li>Roselawn</li> <li>Rothesay</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauer%27s_Gardens" title="Sauer's Gardens">Sauer's Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott%27s_Addition_Historic_District" title="Scott's Addition Historic District">Scott's Addition</a></li> <li>Stonehurst Court</li> <li>Stonewall Court</li> <li>Sunnyside</li> <li>Sydney</li> <li>Sydnor's Point</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Beach" title="Texas Beach">Texas Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Chopt" title="Three Chopt">Three Chopt</a></li> <li>Tuckahoe Terrace</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Commonwealth_University" title="Virginia Commonwealth University">Virginia Commonwealth University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Broad_Street_Commercial_Historic_District" title="West Broad Street Commercial Historic District">West Broad Street Commercial Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_of_the_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="West of the Boulevard">West of the Boulevard</a></li> <li>Westhampton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shops_at_Willow_Lawn" title="The Shops at Willow Lawn">Willow Lawn</a></li> <li>Wilton</li> <li>Windemere</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Farms" title="Windsor Farms">Windsor Farms</a></li> <li>Windsor Hills</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_of_Virginia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virginia" title="Template:Virginia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virginia" title="Template talk:Virginia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_of_Virginia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richmond</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Virginia-related_articles" title="Index of Virginia-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Virginia" title="Outline of Virginia">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Virginia" title="Administrative divisions of Virginia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Virginia" title="Climate of Virginia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia%27s_congressional_districts" title="Virginia's congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Virginia" title="United States congressional delegations from Virginia">Delegations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">Senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Virginia" title="List of United States representatives from Virginia">Representatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Virginia" title="Environment of Virginia">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_furniture" title="Virginia furniture">Furniture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Virginia" title="Government of Virginia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_houses_in_Virginia" title="List of historic houses in Virginia">Historic houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Virginia" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia">Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Virginia" title="History of Virginia">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Families_of_Virginia" title="First Families of Virginia">First Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Virginia" title="History of slavery in Virginia">Slavery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Virginia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Virginia" title="Housing in Virginia">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Virginia" title="Law of Virginia">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Virginia" title="Gun laws in Virginia">Gun laws in Virginia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Virginia">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Virginia" title="Music of Virginia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Virginia" title="List of people from Virginia">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Declaration_of_Rights" title="Virginia Declaration of Rights">Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Virginia" title="List of rivers of Virginia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_in_Virginia" title="Scouting in Virginia">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_is_for_Lovers" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia is for Lovers">Slogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_teams_in_Virginia" title="Sports teams in Virginia">Sports teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Fair_of_Virginia" title="State Fair of Virginia">State Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Virginia_state_parks" title="List of Virginia state parks">State parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Virginia_state_symbols" title="List of Virginia state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Virginia" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Virginia">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Virginia" title="Transportation in Virginia">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_tribes_in_Virginia" title="Native American tribes in Virginia">Tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Virginia" title="Culture of Virginia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Virginia" title="Abortion in Virginia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Virginia" title="Crime in Virginia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Virginia" title="Demographics of Virginia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Virginia" title="Economy of Virginia">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Virginia" title="Education in Virginia">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Virginia" title="List of colleges and universities in Virginia">Colleges and universities</a></li></ul></li> <li>Media <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Virginia" title="List of newspapers in Virginia">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Virginia" title="List of radio stations in Virginia">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Virginia" title="List of television stations in Virginia">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Virginia" title="Politics of Virginia">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Virginia" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains" title="Allegheny Mountains">Allegheny Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_coastal_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic coastal plain">Atlantic Coastal Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Mountains" title="Blue Ridge Mountains">Blue Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Mountains" title="Cumberland Mountains">Cumberland Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmarva_Peninsula" title="Delmarva Peninsula">Delmarva Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Shore_of_Virginia" title="Eastern Shore of Virginia">Eastern Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Peninsula" title="Middle Peninsula">Middle Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Neck" title="Northern Neck">Northern Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia" title="Northern Virginia">Northern Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_region_of_Virginia" title="Piedmont region of Virginia">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge-and-Valley_Appalachians" title="Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians">Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Valley" title="Shenandoah Valley">Shenandoah Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Hampton_Roads" title="South Hampton Roads">South Hampton Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southside_(Virginia)" title="Southside (Virginia)">Southside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Virginia" title="Southwest Virginia">Southwest Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley" title="Tennessee Valley">Tennessee Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidewater_(region)" title="Tidewater (region)">Tidewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Cities,_Virginia" title="Tri-Cities, Virginia">Tri-Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Peninsula" title="Virginia Peninsula">Virginia Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Virginia" title="Western Virginia">Western Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_statistical_areas" title="Virginia statistical areas">Metro areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blacksburg%E2%80%93Christiansburg_metropolitan_area" title="Blacksburg–Christiansburg metropolitan area">Blacksburg-Christiansburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluefield_micropolitan_area" title="Bluefield micropolitan area">Bluefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsport%E2%80%93Bristol%E2%80%93Bristol,_Tennessee-Virginia_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia_metropolitan_area" title="Charlottesville, Virginia metropolitan area">Charlottesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Virginia_micropolitan_area" title="Danville, Virginia micropolitan area">Danville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisonburg_metropolitan_area" title="Harrisonburg metropolitan area">Harrisonburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynchburg_metropolitan_area" title="Lynchburg metropolitan area">Lynchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinsville,_Virginia_micropolitan_area" title="Martinsville, Virginia micropolitan area">Martinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Richmond_Region" title="Greater Richmond Region">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_metropolitan_area" title="Roanoke metropolitan area">Roanoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton%E2%80%93Waynesboro_metropolitan_area" title="Staunton–Waynesboro metropolitan area">Staunton-Waynesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington-Arlington-Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_VA%E2%80%93WV_MSA" title="Winchester, VA–WV MSA">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_counties_in_Virginia" title="List of cities and counties in Virginia">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accomack_County,_Virginia" title="Accomack County, Virginia">Accomack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albemarle_County,_Virginia" title="Albemarle County, Virginia">Albemarle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alleghany_County,_Virginia" title="Alleghany County, Virginia">Alleghany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_County,_Virginia" title="Amelia County, Virginia">Amelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amherst_County,_Virginia" title="Amherst County, Virginia">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appomattox_County,_Virginia" title="Appomattox County, Virginia">Appomattox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_County,_Virginia" title="Augusta County, Virginia">Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_County,_Virginia" title="Bath County, Virginia">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_County,_Virginia" title="Bedford County, Virginia">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bland_County,_Virginia" title="Bland County, Virginia">Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botetourt_County,_Virginia" title="Botetourt County, Virginia">Botetourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_County,_Virginia" title="Brunswick County, Virginia">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanan_County,_Virginia" title="Buchanan County, Virginia">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_County,_Virginia" title="Buckingham County, Virginia">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_County,_Virginia" title="Campbell County, Virginia">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_County,_Virginia" title="Caroline County, Virginia">Caroline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Virginia" title="Carroll County, Virginia">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_City_County,_Virginia" title="Charles City County, Virginia">Charles City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_County,_Virginia" title="Charlotte County, Virginia">Charlotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_Virginia" title="Chesterfield County, Virginia">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Virginia" title="Clarke County, Virginia">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_County,_Virginia" title="Craig County, Virginia">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culpeper_County,_Virginia" title="Culpeper County, Virginia">Culpeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Virginia" title="Cumberland County, Virginia">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickenson_County,_Virginia" title="Dickenson County, Virginia">Dickenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinwiddie_County,_Virginia" title="Dinwiddie County, Virginia">Dinwiddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Virginia" title="Essex County, Virginia">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauquier_County,_Virginia" title="Fauquier County, Virginia">Fauquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_County,_Virginia" title="Floyd County, Virginia">Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluvanna_County,_Virginia" title="Fluvanna County, Virginia">Fluvanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Virginia" title="Franklin County, Virginia">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Frederick County, Virginia">Frederick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_County,_Virginia" title="Giles County, Virginia">Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester_County,_Virginia" title="Gloucester County, Virginia">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goochland_County,_Virginia" title="Goochland County, Virginia">Goochland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayson_County,_Virginia" title="Grayson County, Virginia">Grayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Virginia" title="Greene County, Virginia">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensville_County,_Virginia" title="Greensville County, Virginia">Greensville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_County,_Virginia" title="Halifax County, Virginia">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_County,_Virginia" title="Hanover County, Virginia">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Virginia" title="Henry County, Virginia">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_County,_Virginia" title="Highland County, Virginia">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_County,_Virginia" title="Isle of Wight County, Virginia">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_City_County,_Virginia" title="James City County, Virginia">James City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_and_Queen_County,_Virginia" title="King and Queen County, Virginia">King and Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_County,_Virginia" title="King George County, Virginia">King George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_William_County,_Virginia" title="King William County, Virginia">King William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Virginia" title="Lancaster County, Virginia">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_County,_Virginia" title="Lee County, Virginia">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_County,_Virginia" title="Louisa County, Virginia">Louisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunenburg_County,_Virginia" title="Lunenburg County, Virginia">Lunenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Virginia" title="Madison County, Virginia">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathews_County,_Virginia" title="Mathews County, Virginia">Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg_County,_Virginia" title="Mecklenburg County, Virginia">Mecklenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Virginia" title="Middlesex County, Virginia">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Virginia" title="Montgomery County, Virginia">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_County,_Virginia" title="Nelson County, Virginia">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kent_County,_Virginia" title="New Kent County, Virginia">New Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_County,_Virginia" title="Northampton County, Virginia">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County,_Virginia" title="Northumberland County, Virginia">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottoway_County,_Virginia" title="Nottoway County, Virginia">Nottoway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_Virginia" title="Orange County, Virginia">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_County,_Virginia" title="Page County, Virginia">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_County,_Virginia" title="Patrick County, Virginia">Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsylvania_County,_Virginia" title="Pittsylvania County, Virginia">Pittsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powhatan_County,_Virginia" title="Powhatan County, Virginia">Powhatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_County,_Virginia" title="Prince Edward County, Virginia">Prince Edward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_County,_Virginia" title="Prince George County, Virginia">Prince George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia" title="Prince William County, Virginia">Prince William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Virginia" title="Pulaski County, Virginia">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rappahannock_County,_Virginia" title="Rappahannock County, Virginia">Rappahannock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_County,_Virginia" title="Richmond County, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_County,_Virginia" title="Roanoke County, Virginia">Roanoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockbridge_County,_Virginia" title="Rockbridge County, Virginia">Rockbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockingham_County,_Virginia" title="Rockingham County, Virginia">Rockingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_County,_Virginia" title="Russell County, Virginia">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Virginia" title="Scott County, Virginia">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_County,_Virginia" title="Shenandoah County, Virginia">Shenandoah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyth_County,_Virginia" title="Smyth County, Virginia">Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_County,_Virginia" title="Southampton County, Virginia">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotsylvania_County,_Virginia" title="Spotsylvania County, Virginia">Spotsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia" title="Stafford County, Virginia">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surry_County,_Virginia" title="Surry County, Virginia">Surry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_Virginia" title="Sussex County, Virginia">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazewell_County,_Virginia" title="Tazewell County, Virginia">Tazewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Virginia" title="Warren County, Virginia">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Virginia" title="Washington County, Virginia">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmoreland_County,_Virginia" title="Westmoreland County, Virginia">Westmoreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wise_County,_Virginia" title="Wise County, Virginia">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wythe_County,_Virginia" title="Wythe County, Virginia">Wythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_County,_Virginia" title="York County, Virginia">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)#Virginia" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol,_Virginia" title="Bristol, Virginia">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista,_Virginia" title="Buena Vista, Virginia">Buena Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Heights,_Virginia" title="Colonial Heights, Virginia">Colonial Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Virginia" title="Covington, Virginia">Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Virginia" title="Danville, Virginia">Danville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emporia,_Virginia" title="Emporia, Virginia">Emporia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Virginia" title="Franklin, Virginia">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Virginia" title="Fredericksburg, Virginia">Fredericksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galax,_Virginia" title="Galax, Virginia">Galax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisonburg,_Virginia" title="Harrisonburg, Virginia">Harrisonburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell,_Virginia" title="Hopewell, Virginia">Hopewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Virginia" title="Lexington, Virginia">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manassas_Park,_Virginia" title="Manassas Park, Virginia">Manassas Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinsville,_Virginia" title="Martinsville, Virginia">Martinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton,_Virginia" title="Norton, Virginia">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia" title="Petersburg, Virginia">Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poquoson,_Virginia" title="Poquoson, Virginia">Poquoson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_Virginia" title="Portsmouth, Virginia">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radford,_Virginia" title="Radford, Virginia">Radford</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke,_Virginia" title="Roanoke, Virginia">Roanoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Virginia" title="Salem, Virginia">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton,_Virginia" title="Staunton, Virginia">Staunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk,_Virginia" title="Suffolk, Virginia">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waynesboro,_Virginia" title="Waynesboro, Virginia">Waynesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Virginia" title="Portal:Virginia">Virginia portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_state_capitals" title="Template:US state capitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_state_capitals" title="Template talk:US state capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_state_capitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US state capitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capitals of the United States by jurisdiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> Nation: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> States: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">AL</a> <a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">AK</a> <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a> <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">AR</a> <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">CO</a> <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">CT</a> <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">DE</a> <a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">FL</a> <a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">GA</a> <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">HI</a> <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">ID</a> <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">IL</a> <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">IN</a> <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">IA</a> <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">KS</a> <a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">KY</a> <a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">LA</a> <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">ME</a> <a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a> <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a> <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">MI</a> <a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">MN</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">MS</a> <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">MO</a> <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">MT</a> <a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">NE</a> <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">NV</a> <a href="/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada" title="Carson City, Nevada">Carson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">NH</a> <a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">NJ</a> <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">NM</a> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">NY</a> <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a> <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">ND</a> <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">OH</a> <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">OK</a> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a> <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">PA</a> <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">RI</a> <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a> <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">SD</a> <a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">TN</a> <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">TX</a> <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">UT</a> <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">VT</a> <a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a> <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a> <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">WI</a> <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">WY</a> <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming" title="Cheyenne, Wyoming">Cheyenne</a></li></ul> Territories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">AS</a> <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">GU</a> <a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">MP</a> <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">PR</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">VI</a> <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands">Charlotte Amalie</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Northeast_megalopolis_major_urban_regions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northeast_Megalopolis" title="Template:Northeast Megalopolis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northeast_Megalopolis" title="Template talk:Northeast Megalopolis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast_Megalopolis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast Megalopolis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northeast_megalopolis_major_urban_regions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a> major urban regions</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Core cities are metropolitan core cities of at least a million people. The other areas are urban areas of cities that have an urban area of 150,000+ or of a metropolitan area of at least 250,000+. Satellite cities are in italics.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mid-Atlantic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_metropolitan_area" title="Baltimore metropolitan area">Baltimore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Richmond_Region" title="Greater Richmond Region">Richmond</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagerstown_metropolitan_area" title="Hagerstown metropolitan area">Hagerstown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hagerstown,_Maryland" title="Hagerstown, Maryland">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg%E2%80%93Carlisle_metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area">Harrisburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehigh_Valley" title="Lehigh Valley">Lehigh Valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bethlehem,_Pennsylvania" title="Bethlehem, Pennsylvania">Bethlehem</a>-<a href="/wiki/Easton,_Pennsylvania" title="Easton, Pennsylvania">Easton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Pennsylvania" title="Northeastern Pennsylvania">Northeastern Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Valley" title="Wyoming Valley">Scranton/Wilkes-Barre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie%E2%80%93Newburgh%E2%80%93Middletown_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown metropolitan area">Poughkeepsie–Newburgh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie,_New_York" title="Poughkeepsie, New York">city 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh,_New_York" title="Newburgh, New York">city 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_metropolitan_area" title="Salisbury metropolitan area">Salisbury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_Maryland" title="Salisbury, Maryland">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York,_Pennsylvania" title="York, Pennsylvania">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combined areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Baltimore_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington–Baltimore metropolitan area">Washington–Baltimore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Boston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Hartford" title="Greater Hartford">Hartford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence_metropolitan_area" title="Providence metropolitan area">Providence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnstable,_Massachusetts" title="Barnstable, Massachusetts">Barnstable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bridgeport" title="Greater Bridgeport">Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">city 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">city 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwalk,_Connecticut" title="Norwalk, Connecticut">city 3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Danbury" title="Greater Danbury">Danbury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danbury,_Connecticut" title="Danbury, Connecticut">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashua,_New_Hampshire" title="Nashua, New Hampshire">Nashua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_New_Haven" title="Greater New Haven">New Haven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich,_Connecticut" title="Norwich, Connecticut">Norwich</a>–<a href="/wiki/New_London,_Connecticut" title="New London, Connecticut">New London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_metropolitan_area,_Maine" title="Portland metropolitan area, Maine">Portland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_metropolitan_area,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield metropolitan area, Massachusetts">Springfield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combined areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Boston–Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">Bridgeport–Stamford–New Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford%E2%80%93Springfield" title="Hartford–Springfield">Hartford–Springfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Megaregions_of_the_United_States" title="Megaregions of the United States">Other megaregions</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_and_independent_cities_of_Virginia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virginia_county_seats_and_independent_cities" title="Template:Virginia county seats and independent cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virginia_county_seats_and_independent_cities" title="Template talk:Virginia county seats and independent cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia_county_seats_and_independent_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia county seats and independent cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_and_independent_cities_of_Virginia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">independent cities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County_seats_of_Virginia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abingdon,_Virginia" title="Abingdon, Virginia">Abingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accomac,_Virginia" title="Accomac, Virginia">Accomac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Court_House,_Virginia" title="Amelia Court House, Virginia">Amelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amherst,_Virginia" title="Amherst, Virginia">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appomattox,_Virginia" title="Appomattox, Virginia">Appomattox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford,_Virginia" title="Bedford, Virginia">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berryville,_Virginia" title="Berryville, Virginia">Berryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bland,_Virginia" title="Bland, Virginia">Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green,_Virginia" title="Bowling Green, Virginia">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boydton,_Virginia" title="Boydton, Virginia">Boydton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham,_Virginia" title="Buckingham, Virginia">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_City,_Virginia" title="Charles City, Virginia">Charles City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Court_House,_Virginia" title="Charlotte Court House, Virginia">Charlotte Court House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham,_Virginia" title="Chatham, Virginia">Chatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chesterfield, Virginia">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiansburg,_Virginia" title="Christiansburg, Virginia">Christiansburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clintwood,_Virginia" title="Clintwood, Virginia">Clintwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtland,_Virginia" title="Courtland, Virginia">Courtland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Virginia" title="Covington, Virginia">Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culpeper,_Virginia" title="Culpeper, Virginia">Culpeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland,_Virginia" title="Cumberland, Virginia">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinwiddie,_Virginia" title="Dinwiddie, Virginia">Dinwiddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastville,_Virginia" title="Eastville, Virginia">Eastville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emporia,_Virginia" title="Emporia, Virginia">Emporia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmville,_Virginia" title="Farmville, Virginia">Farmville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fincastle,_Virginia" title="Fincastle, Virginia">Fincastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd,_Virginia" title="Floyd, Virginia">Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Royal,_Virginia" title="Front Royal, Virginia">Front Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_City,_Virginia" title="Gate City, Virginia">Gate City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester_Courthouse,_Virginia" title="Gloucester Courthouse, Virginia">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goochland,_Virginia" title="Goochland, Virginia">Goochland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grundy,_Virginia" title="Grundy, Virginia">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Virginia" title="Halifax, Virginia">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover,_Virginia" title="Hanover, Virginia">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisonburg,_Virginia" title="Harrisonburg, Virginia">Harrisonburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathsville,_Virginia" title="Heathsville, Virginia">Heathsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsville,_Virginia" title="Hillsville, Virginia">Hillsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Virginia" title="Independence, Virginia">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight,_Virginia" title="Isle of Wight, Virginia">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonesville,_Virginia" title="Jonesville, Virginia">Jonesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_and_Queen_Court_House,_Virginia" title="King and Queen Court House, Virginia">King and Queen Court House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George,_Virginia" title="King George, Virginia">King George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_William,_Virginia" title="King William, Virginia">King William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Virginia" title="Lancaster, Virginia">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel,_Virginia" title="Laurel, Virginia">Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrenceville,_Virginia" title="Lawrenceville, Virginia">Lawrenceville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon,_Virginia" title="Lebanon, Virginia">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leesburg,_Virginia" title="Leesburg, Virginia">Leesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Virginia" title="Lexington, Virginia">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa,_Virginia" title="Louisa, Virginia">Louisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovingston,_Virginia" title="Lovingston, Virginia">Lovingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunenburg,_Virginia" title="Lunenburg, Virginia">Lunenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luray,_Virginia" title="Luray, Virginia">Luray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Virginia" title="Madison, Virginia">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Virginia" title="Marion, Virginia">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinsville,_Virginia" title="Martinsville, Virginia">Martinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathews,_Virginia" title="Mathews, Virginia">Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey,_Virginia" title="Monterey, Virginia">Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montross,_Virginia" title="Montross, Virginia">Montross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Virginia" title="New Castle, Virginia">New Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kent,_Virginia" title="New Kent, Virginia">New Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottoway,_Virginia" title="Nottoway, Virginia">Nottoway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange,_Virginia" title="Orange, Virginia">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra,_Virginia" title="Palmyra, Virginia">Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearisburg,_Virginia" title="Pearisburg, Virginia">Pearisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powhatan,_Virginia" title="Powhatan, Virginia">Powhatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Virginia" title="Prince George, Virginia">Prince George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski,_Virginia" title="Pulaski, Virginia">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mount,_Virginia" title="Rocky Mount, Virginia">Rocky Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustburg,_Virginia" title="Rustburg, Virginia">Rustburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Virginia" title="Salem, Virginia">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluda,_Virginia" title="Saluda, Virginia">Saluda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotsylvania_Courthouse,_Virginia" title="Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia">Spotsylvania Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford,_Virginia" title="Stafford, Virginia">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanardsville,_Virginia" title="Stanardsville, Virginia">Stanardsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton,_Virginia" title="Staunton, Virginia">Staunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart,_Virginia" title="Stuart, Virginia">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surry,_Virginia" title="Surry, Virginia">Surry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex,_Virginia" title="Sussex, Virginia">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tappahannock,_Virginia" title="Tappahannock, Virginia">Tappahannock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazewell,_Virginia" title="Tazewell, Virginia">Tazewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warm_Springs,_Virginia" title="Warm Springs, Virginia">Warm Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrenton,_Virginia" title="Warrenton, Virginia">Warrenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw,_Virginia" title="Warsaw, Virginia">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_Virginia" title="Washington, Virginia">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wise,_Virginia" title="Wise, Virginia">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Virginia" title="Woodstock, Virginia">Woodstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wytheville,_Virginia" title="Wytheville, Virginia">Wytheville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown,_Virginia" title="Yorktown, Virginia">Yorktown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Independent_cities_of_Virginia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent cities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol,_Virginia" title="Bristol, Virginia">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista,_Virginia" title="Buena Vista, Virginia">Buena Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Heights,_Virginia" title="Colonial Heights, Virginia">Colonial Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Virginia" title="Covington, Virginia">Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Virginia" title="Danville, Virginia">Danville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emporia,_Virginia" title="Emporia, Virginia">Emporia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Virginia" title="Franklin, Virginia">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Virginia" title="Fredericksburg, Virginia">Fredericksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galax,_Virginia" title="Galax, Virginia">Galax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisonburg,_Virginia" title="Harrisonburg, Virginia">Harrisonburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell,_Virginia" title="Hopewell, Virginia">Hopewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Virginia" title="Lexington, Virginia">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manassas_Park,_Virginia" title="Manassas Park, Virginia">Manassas Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinsville,_Virginia" title="Martinsville, Virginia">Martinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton,_Virginia" title="Norton, Virginia">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia" title="Petersburg, Virginia">Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poquoson,_Virginia" title="Poquoson, Virginia">Poquoson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_Virginia" title="Portsmouth, Virginia">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radford,_Virginia" title="Radford, Virginia">Radford</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke,_Virginia" title="Roanoke, Virginia">Roanoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Virginia" title="Salem, Virginia">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton,_Virginia" title="Staunton, Virginia">Staunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk,_Virginia" title="Suffolk, Virginia">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waynesboro,_Virginia" title="Waynesboro, Virginia">Waynesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USPopulousCities" title="Template talk:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">100 most populous cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="26"> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa,_Arizona" title="Mesa, Arizona">Mesa, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="51"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Colorado" title="Aurora, Colorado">Aurora, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans, Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu, Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano,_Texas" title="Plano, Texas">Plano, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis, Missouri</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="76"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler,_Arizona" title="Chandler, Arizona">Chandler, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Las_Vegas,_Nevada" title="North Las Vegas, Nevada">North Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_Arizona" title="Gilbert, Arizona">Gilbert, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas">Irving, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Arizona" title="Glendale, Arizona">Glendale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_St._Lucie,_Florida" title="Port St. Lucie, Florida">Port St. Lucie, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richmond, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a></li> </ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Cities ranked by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> population estimates for July 1, 2022.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43421#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43421#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43421#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000405094755">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/140706574">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205345/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtCCxFgd9Kg99KkHbYgKd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4117006-4">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79060700">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12048161p">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12048161p">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35742485">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0127659&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5473933">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007562088105171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/afaa40c1-2e11-4a9b-9a33-ff0603e3e312">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1066775">Trove</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028698924">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045969">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&oldid=1258621092">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richmond,_Virginia&oldid=1258621092</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Richmond,_Virginia" title="Category:Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a></li><li><a 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