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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Sabor and Proth</div><br /><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;">Qandisangal</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mar_Sabor_and_Mar_Proth_Persian_East_Syriac_Saints_of_the_Malabar_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Malankara Orthodox Church">Malankara Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">April 29</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influenced</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity_in_India" title="Category:Christianity in India">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ccccff;padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Christianity in India</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:India_with_Gold_Cross.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Christianity in India"><img alt="Christianity in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/India_with_Gold_Cross.png/170px-India_with_Gold_Cross.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/India_with_Gold_Cross.png/255px-India_with_Gold_Cross.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/India_with_Gold_Cross.png/340px-India_with_Gold_Cross.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Communities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Christians" title="Bengali Christians">Bengali Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettiah_Christians" title="Bettiah Christians">Bettiah Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_East_Indians" title="Bombay East Indians">Bombay East Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Christians" title="Marathi Christians">Marathi Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei Christians">Meitei Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Mizoram" title="History of Christianity in Mizoram">Mizo Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Nagaland" title="Christianity in Nagaland">Naga Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Christians" title="Punjabi Christians">Punjabi Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Christians">Tamil Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Christians" title="Telugu Christians">Telugu Christians</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Saint Thomas the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsa_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Alphonsa of the Immaculate Conception">Saint Alphonsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Saint Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonsalo_Garcia" title="Gonsalo Garcia">Saint Gonsalo Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrasia_Eluvathingal" title="Euphrasia Eluvathingal">Saint Euphrasia Eluvathingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuriakose_Elias_Chavara" title="Kuriakose Elias Chavara">Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Saint Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Bl.Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mar Sabor and Mar Proth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldho_Mor_Baselios" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldho Mor Baselios">Mar Baselios Eldho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paremmakkal_Thoma_Kathanar" title="Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar">Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Cana" title="Thomas of Cana">Thomas of Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Elias_III" title="Ignatius Elias III">Ignatius Elias III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parumala_Thirumeni" class="mw-redirect" title="Parumala Thirumeni">Mar Gregorios of Parumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly">Mar Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._Panjikaran" title="Joseph C. Panjikaran">Mar Joseph C. Panjikaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathews_Mar_Athanasius_Metropolitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathews Mar Athanasius Metropolitan">Mathews Mar Athanasius Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Mar_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril">Mar Geevarghese Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Ivanios" title="Geevarghese Ivanios">Mar Geevarghese Ivanios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Malpan" title="Abraham Malpan">Abraham Malpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Maria_Bernini" title="Giuseppe Maria Bernini">Giuseppe Maria Bernini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu_Sundar_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhu Sundar Singh">Sadhu Sundar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palackal_Thoma_Malpan" class="mw-redirect" title="Palackal Thoma Malpan">Palackal Thoma Malpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Augustine_Kandathil" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Augustine Kandathil">Mar Augustine Kandathil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Carey_(missionary)" title="William Carey (missionary)">William Carey</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Denominations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist" style="padding-top:0.3em;"> <p><u><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christian_denominations" title="Saint Thomas Christian denominations">Saint Thomas Christian denominations</a></b></u><br /> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_India" title="Catholic Church in India">Catholic</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Catholic Church">Latin Catholic</a> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a> </p> <dl><dd><i><b>Independent Oriential Orthodox</b></i><br /></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Independent_Syrian_Church" title="Malabar Independent Syrian Church">Malabar Independent Syrian Church</a> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Syrian_Church" title="Chaldean Syrian Church">Chaldean Syrian</a> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Protestant_Christianity" title="Eastern Protestant Christianity">Oriental Protestant Christian</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma Syrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Evangelical_Church_of_India" title="St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India">St. Thomas Evangelical</a> </p><p><u><b><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_India" title="Protestantism in India">Protestant denominations</a></b></u><br /> <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church">Andhra Evangelical Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_Jehovah_Shammah" title="Assemblies Jehovah Shammah">Assemblies Jehovah Shammah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Revival_Church" title="Christian Revival Church">Christian Revival Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_North_India" title="Church of North India">Church of North India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_South_India" title="Church of South India">Church of South India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garo_Baptist_Convention" title="Garo Baptist Convention">Garo Baptist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Brethren" title="Indian Brethren">Indian Brethren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Pentecostal_Church_of_God" title="Indian Pentecostal Church of God">Indian Pentecostal Church of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Full_Gospel)_in_India" title="Church of God (Full Gospel) in India">Church of God (Full Gospel)</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Bank_Baptist_Christian_Association" title="North Bank Baptist Christian Association">North Bank Baptist Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church">Northern Evangelical Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_India" title="Methodist Church in India">Methodist Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_India" title="Presbyterian Church of India">Presbyterian</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Pentecostal_Mission" title="The Pentecostal Mission">The Pentecostal Mission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Evangelical_Lutheran_Churches_in_India" title="United Evangelical Lutheran Churches in India">United Evangelical Lutheran</a> </p> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches_in_India" title="National Council of Churches in India">National Council of Churches in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Conference_of_Indian_Christians" title="All India Conference of Indian Christians">All India Conference of Indian Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Catholic_Union" title="All India Catholic Union">All India Catholic Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_in_India_sidebar" title="Template:Christianity in India sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_in_India_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christianity in India sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_in_India_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity in India sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mar Sabor and Mar Proth,</b> according to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Syrian Christians</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, were two <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a> <a href="/wiki/Bishops" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishops">Bishops</a> believed to have arrived in 825 AD alongside a group of Christian settlers led by a merchant from Persia. Together, they established <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical" title="Ecclesiastical">ecclesiastical</a> institutions in several regions. Revered for their devoutness, they were posthumously recognized as <a href="/wiki/Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints">saints</a> by the local ecclesiastical body. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Malekandathil2010_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malekandathil2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mission is said to have received permission from the then king of Kerala to build a church in Kollam.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That the historicity of this mission cannot be verified does not dispute the epigraphical evidence that Christians were on the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a> in 9th century AD. <a href="/wiki/Quilon_Syrian_copper_plates" title="Quilon Syrian copper plates">Kollam Syrian copper plates</a>, a 9th-century royal grant from Kerala, mentions that certain Maruvan Sapir Iso built a church at Kollam with the blessing of the then <a href="/wiki/Chera/Perumals_of_Makotai" class="mw-redirect" title="Chera/Perumals of Makotai">Emperor of Kerala</a>. It is likely that Mar Sapir had a companion named Mar Prot.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A stone cross, one of the five Persian Crosses, with <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sassanid</a> Pahlavi inscription recovered also mentions certain "Afras the Syrian" as "the son of Chaharabukht".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two bishops are said to have died in Kerala and have been considered as saints by the <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syro_Malabar_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro Malabar Church">Syro Malabar Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Malekandathil2010_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malekandathil2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veneration">Veneration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Sabor_and_Mar_Proth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Veneration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sabor and Aproth were highly venerated in India among the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Thomas Christian">Saint Thomas Christian</a> community. A number of churches including <a href="/wiki/Kottakkavu_Mar_Thoma_Syro-Malabar_Church,_North_Paravur" title="Kottakkavu Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Church, North Paravur">Kottakkavu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Udayamperoor" title="Udayamperoor">Udayamperur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kayamkulam" title="Kayamkulam">Kayamkulam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a> and Kothanallur, were dedicated to these saints. </p><p>MS Vatican Syriac N. iv., which is dated to 1556 and written in the Kottakkavu Church, has the following colophon in folio 278: </p> <blockquote><p> "By the help of our Lord we have finished this book of the Prophets; it was written on a Monday, the 18th of February, in the year 1556 of the birth of our Lord. I, priest Jacob, the disciple of Mar Jacob, and from the village of Puraur, have written this book in the holy Church of Mar Shapur and Mar Iapot [Aprot]. May the holy name of God be praised for ever. Amen!"<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations_of_the_names">Variations of the names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Sabor_and_Mar_Proth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Variations of the names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Mar</i> is a Syriac term meaning '(My)Lord' usually prefixed for Saints and Bishops in the Syriac tradition. </p> <ul><li>Mar Sapir (T. K. Joseph)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - Sabor</li> <li>Mar Prot (Land) - Prodh (T. K. Joseph and Gouva)/Proth - Firous (La Croz) - Aphrottu (Burnell)/Aphroth - Ambrose (Swanston)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_studies">Major studies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Sabor_and_Mar_Proth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Major studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasrani_cross.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nasrani_cross.jpg/220px-Nasrani_cross.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nasrani_cross.jpg/330px-Nasrani_cross.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nasrani_cross.jpg/440px-Nasrani_cross.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1117" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption>The Persian cross founded by Sabor and Proth at <a href="/wiki/Kadamattom_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadamattom Church">Kadamattom Church</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mar_Sabor_Grab.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mar_Sabor_Grab.JPG/220px-Mar_Sabor_Grab.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mar_Sabor_Grab.JPG/330px-Mar_Sabor_Grab.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mar_Sabor_Grab.JPG/440px-Mar_Sabor_Grab.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of Mar Abo (often identified as Mar Sabor among some <a href="/wiki/Puthenkoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Puthenkoor">Puthenkoor</a> denominations) at Marthamariam church, <a href="/wiki/Thevalakkara" title="Thevalakkara">Thevalakkara</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent">Recent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Sabor_and_Mar_Proth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Recent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Kollam Plates in the World of the Ninth Century Indian Ocean</i>. Delhi: Primus Books (upcoming).</li> <li>M. R. Raghava Varier and K. Veluthat, 2013. <i>Tarissāppaḷḷippaṭṭayam</i>, Trivandrum: National Book Stall</li> <li>C. G. Cereti, 'The Pahlavi Signatures on the Quilon Copper Plates', in <i>Exegisti Monument</i> (Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 2009).</li> <li>C. G. Cereti, L. M. Olivieri, and J. Vazhuthanapally, 'The Problem of the Saint Thomas Crosses and Related Questions', East and West 52:1/ 4 (2002).</li> <li>M. G. S. Narayanan, <i>Cultural Symbiosis in Kerala</i> (Trivandrum: Kerala Historical Society, 1972).</li> <li>W. Baum and R. Senoner (eds. and trans.), Indien und Europa im Mittelalter: Die Eingliederung des Kontinents in das europäische Bewußtsein bis ins 15. Jahrhundert (Klagenfurt: Kitab, 2000).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Sabor_and_Mar_Proth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Travancore Archaeological Series,</i> Volume II, no. 9 (I and II).</li> <li>C. P . T. Winckworth, 'A New Interpretation of the Pahlavi Cross Inscriptions', <i>Kerala Society Papers,</i> no. 3.</li> <li>Land, 'Brief History of the Syrians of Malabar'. <i>Anedocta Syriaca</i>, I.</li> <li>Joseph, T. K., 'Mar Sapir and Mar Prodh', <i>Indian Antiquary,</i> 1928, III.</li> <li>A. Mingana, “The Early Spread of Christianity in India”, Bulletin of John Ryland's Library 10:2 (1926).</li> <li>W. Logan, <i>Malabar Manual,</i> (ed. P. Cherian (2000).</li> <li>A. C. Burnell, <i>Indian Antiquary,</i> III.</li> <li>Gundert, <i>Madras Journal of Literature and Science,</i> XIII, I.</li> <li>Rev. J. Monteiro D'Aguir, 'The Magna Carta of St. Thomas Christians', <i>Kerala Society Papers,</i> no. 4.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synod_of_Diamper">Synod of Diamper</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Sabor_and_Mar_Proth&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Synod of Diamper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When they arrived on the Malabar Coast, the Portuguese noted at least 78 extant church communities closely interwoven with the local community in different parts of Kerala. <a href="/wiki/Quilon" class="mw-redirect" title="Quilon">Quilon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angamaly" title="Angamaly">Angamaly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaduthuruthy" title="Kaduthuruthy">Kaduthuruthy</a> and Cranganore (now known as <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a>) had the largest population of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a> in Kerala. Giovanni Empoli, who came to <a href="/wiki/Quilon" class="mw-redirect" title="Quilon">Quilon</a> in 1503, estimated that there were more than three thousand St. Thomas Christians in Quilon alone.<sup id="cite_ref-MathewSouza2001_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MathewSouza2001-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1561, Thomas Christians were branded heretics by the <a href="/wiki/Goa_Inquisition" title="Goa Inquisition">Goa Inquisition</a>. The infamous <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Diamper" title="Synod of Diamper">Synod of Diamper</a> (1599) anathematized all Christians of India who did not submit to Rome. The synod even branded Mar Sabor and Mar Prot as "Nestorian heretics" at the instance of the Portuguese.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Sabor_and_Mar_Proth&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style=""><ol class="references" style="list-style-type:upper-alpha;"> <li id="cnote_A"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#ref_A_1">^</a></b></span> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text">"Mar" (<a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>: "lord") is an espiscopal title used in the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar region">Malabar</a> churches and in West Asia, while "Sapor" (Syriac: Shapur) and "Prodh" (Syriac: Firuz) are alternative names used in the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a> in the 4-5th centuries AD. A Christian grant made by the <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a> ruler dating to about 824 AD bears the name "Maruvan Sapir Iso", which is believed to be an amalgamation of "Mar Sapor" and "Mar Prodh".<sup id="cite_ref-Bayly2004_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bayly2004-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_Sabor_and_Mar_Proth&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSprague" class="citation web cs1">Sprague, Sean. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnewa.org/magazine/twin-saints-twin-churches-30945/">"Twin Saints, Twin Churches"</a>. <i>CNEWA</i>. Catholic Near East Welfare Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNEWA&rft.atitle=Twin+Saints%2C+Twin+Churches&rft.aulast=Sprague&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcnewa.org%2Fmagazine%2Ftwin-saints-twin-churches-30945%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMar+Sabor+and+Mar+Proth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malekandathil2010-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Malekandathil2010_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malekandathil2010_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPius_Malekandathil2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pius_Malekandathil" title="Pius Malekandathil">Pius Malekandathil</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rN69iFj1PJoC"><i>Maritime India: Trade, Religion and Polity in the Indian Ocean</i></a>. Primus Books. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-80607-01-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-80607-01-6"><bdi>978-93-80607-01-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maritime+India%3A+Trade%2C+Religion+and+Polity+in+the+Indian+Ocean&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Primus+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-93-80607-01-6&rft.au=Pius+Malekandathil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrN69iFj1PJoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMar+Sabor+and+Mar+Proth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Land, 'Brief History of the Syrians of Malabar'. <i>Anedocta Syriaca</i>, I, pp. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Menon, K. P. P. <i>Kerala</i>. I. pp. 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph, T. K., 'Mar Sapir and Mar Prodh', <i>I. A.,</i> 1928, III, p. 311.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Narayanan, M. G. S. <i>Perumāḷs of Kerala.</i> Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 343-45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. P . T. Winckworth, 'A New Interpretation of the Pahlavi Cross Inscriptions', <i>Kerala Society Papers,</i> no. 3. p. 159-163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Narayanan, M. G. S. <i>Perumāḷs of Kerala.</i> Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 358.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMingana1926" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Mingana" title="Alphonse Mingana">Mingana, Alphonse</a> (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:1m1200&datastreamId=POST-PEER-REVIEW-PUBLISHERS-DOCUMENT.PDF">"The Early Spread of Christianity in India"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bulletin of the John Rylands Library</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 502. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7227%2FBJRL.10.2.7">10.7227/BJRL.10.2.7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+John+Rylands+Library&rft.atitle=The+Early+Spread+of+Christianity+in+India&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=502&rft.date=1926&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7227%2FBJRL.10.2.7&rft.aulast=Mingana&rft.aufirst=Alphonse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.escholar.manchester.ac.uk%2Fapi%2Fdatastream%3FpublicationPid%3Duk-ac-man-scw%3A1m1200%26datastreamId%3DPOST-PEER-REVIEW-PUBLISHERS-DOCUMENT.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMar+Sabor+and+Mar+Proth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MathewSouza2001-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MathewSouza2001_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._S._MathewTeotónio_R._de_SouzaPius_Malekandathil2001" class="citation book cs1">K. S. Mathew; Teotónio R. de Souza; Pius Malekandathil (2001). "The Portuguese and the St.Thomas Christians : 1500-1570". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aCVuAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Portuguese And The Socio-Cultural Changes In India, 1500-1800</i></a>. Institute for Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, MESHAR. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-900166-6-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-900166-6-7"><bdi>978-81-900166-6-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Portuguese+and+the+St.Thomas+Christians+%3A+1500-1570&rft.btitle=The+Portuguese+And+The+Socio-Cultural+Changes+In+India%2C+1500-1800&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Institute+for+Research+in+Social+Sciences+and+Humanities%2C+MESHAR&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-900166-6-7&rft.au=K.+S.+Mathew&rft.au=Teot%C3%B3nio+R.+de+Souza&rft.au=Pius+Malekandathil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaCVuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMar+Sabor+and+Mar+Proth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bayly2004-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bayly2004_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusan_Bayly2004" class="citation book cs1">Susan Bayly (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fxqtx8SflEsC"><i>Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society, 1700-1900</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 264. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89103-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89103-5"><bdi>978-0-521-89103-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saints%2C+Goddesses+and+Kings%3A+Muslims+and+Christians+in+South+Indian+Society%2C+1700-1900&rft.pages=264&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-89103-5&rft.au=Susan+Bayly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFxqtx8SflEsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMar+Sabor+and+Mar+Proth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div><p><br /></p><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kollam" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kollam" title="Template:Kollam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kollam" title="Template talk:Kollam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kollam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kollam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kollam" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kollam" title="History of Kollam">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mar Sapir Iso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chera_dynasty" title="Chera dynasty">Chera dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Port" title="Kollam Port">Kollam Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelcynda" title="Nelcynda">Nelcynda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_calendar" title="Malayalam calendar">Kollam Era (Malayalam calendar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilon_Syrian_copper_plates" title="Quilon Syrian copper plates">Quilon Syrian (Tharisapalli) plates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venad_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venad (historical region)">Venad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Rajasekhara" title="Rama Rajasekhara">Rama Rajasekhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_of_Venad" title="Rama Varma of Venad">Rama Varma of Venad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paravur,_Kollam" title="Paravur, Kollam">Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundara" title="Kundara">Kundara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonment_Maidan" title="Cantonment Maidan">Cantonment Maidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangasseri" title="Tangasseri">Tangasseri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malabar" title="Dutch Malabar">Dutch Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Portuguese_India_Armada_(Gama,_1502)#Cochin" title="4th Portuguese India Armada (Gama, 1502)">4th Portuguese India Armada (Gama, 1502)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cemetery,_Kollam" title="Portuguese Cemetery, Kollam">Portuguese Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Canal,_Kollam" title="Buckingham Canal, Kollam">Buckingham Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Thomas_Fort" title="St Thomas Fort">St Thomas Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Cantonment" title="Kollam Cantonment">Kollam Cantonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quilon" title="Battle of Quilon">Battle of Quilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Quilon" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Quilon">Roman Catholic Diocese of Quilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilon_Aerodrome" title="Quilon Aerodrome">Kollam Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kollam" title="Geography of Kollam">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quilon_formation" title="Quilon formation">Quilon formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtamudi_Lake" title="Ashtamudi Lake">Ashtamudi Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Parappu" title="Kollam Parappu">Kollam Parappu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asramam_Maidan" title="Asramam Maidan">Asramam Maidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuaries_of_Paravur" title="Estuaries of Paravur">Estuaries of Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Kollam" title="Islands of Kollam">Islands of Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithikkara_River" title="Ithikkara River">Ithikkara River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallada_River" title="Kallada River">Kallada River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattaka_Kayal" title="Kattaka Kayal">Kattaka Kayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Beach" title="Kollam Beach">Kollam Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundakkal_Beach" title="Mundakkal Beach">Mundakkal Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattakkayal" title="Vattakkayal">Vattakkayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paravur_Lake" title="Paravur Lake">Paravur Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozhikara" title="Pozhikara">Pozhikara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polachira" title="Polachira">Polachira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasthamcotta_Lake" title="Sasthamcotta Lake">Sasthamcotta Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumullavaram_Beach" title="Thirumullavaram Beach">Thirumullavaram Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thekkumbhagam" title="Thekkumbhagam">Thekkumbhagam-Kappil Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittumala_Chira" title="Chittumala Chira">Chittumala Chira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashramam_Biodiversity_Heritage_Site" title="Ashramam Biodiversity Heritage Site">Ashramam Biodiversity Heritage Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Central Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakthikulangara" title="Sakthikulangara">Sakthikulangara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilikollur" title="Kilikollur">Kilikollur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadakkevila" title="Vadakkevila">Vadakkevila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eravipuram" title="Eravipuram">Eravipuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrikkadavoor" title="Thrikkadavoor">Thrikkadavoor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration<br />& authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kollam Municipal Corporation">Kollam Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Development_Authority" title="Kollam Development Authority">Kollam Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_City_Police" title="Kollam City Police">Kollam City Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kollam Taluk">Kollam Taluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kollam (Lok Sabha constituency)">Kollam Lok Sabha constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Assembly_constituency" title="Kollam Assembly constituency">Kollam Assembly constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavara_(State_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chavara (State Assembly constituency)">Chavara Assembly constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eravipuram_(State_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eravipuram (State Assembly constituency)">Eravipuram Assembly constituency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kollam" title="Economy of Kollam">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cashew_Export_Promotion_Council_of_India" title="Cashew Export Promotion Council of India">Cashew Export Promotion Council of India (CEPCI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rare_Earths" title="Indian Rare Earths">Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashew_business_in_Kollam" title="Cashew business in Kollam">Cashew business in Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kerala_Ceramics_Limited" title="The Kerala Ceramics Limited">The Kerala Ceramics Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Minerals_and_Metals" title="Kerala Minerals and Metals">Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd.(KMML)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Cashew_Development_Corporation_Limited" title="Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited">Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cashew_companies_based_in_Kollam" title="List of cashew companies based in Kollam">List of cashew companies based in Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvathy_Mills_Limited" title="Parvathy Mills Limited">Parvathy Mills Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-lodge" title="Techno-lodge">Techno-lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technopark_Kollam" class="mw-redirect" title="Technopark Kollam">Kollam Technopark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Port" title="Kollam Port">Kollam Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_Industry_in_Kollam" title="Fisheries Industry in Kollam">Fisheries Industry in Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neendakara_Port" title="Neendakara Port">Neendakara Port</a></li> <li>List of Seafood Companies in Kollam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Electrical_Industries_Limited" title="United Electrical Industries Limited">United Electrical Industries Limited(UNILEC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor<br />attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8_Point_Art_Cafe" title="8 Point Art Cafe">8 Point Art Cafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_Park,_Kollam" title="Adventure Park, Kollam">Asramam Adventure Park & Picnic Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Residency" title="British Residency">British Residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambranikodi_Island" title="Sambranikodi Island">Sambranikodi Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangassery_Breakwater_Tourism_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Thangassery Breakwater Tourism Park">Thangassery Breakwater Tourism Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Park,_Kollam" title="Children's Park, Kollam">Asramam Children's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinnakada_Clock_Tower" title="Chinnakada Clock Tower">Chinnakada Clock Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Church,_Munroe_Island" title="Dutch Church, Munroe Island">Dutch Church, Munroe Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuaries_of_Paravur" title="Estuaries of Paravur">Estuaries of Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Kollam" title="Islands of Kollam">Islands of Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Beach" title="Kollam Beach">Kollam Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Park" title="Mahatma Gandhi Park">Mahatma Gandhi Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundakkal_Beach" title="Mundakkal Beach">Mundakkal Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cemetery,_Kollam" title="Portuguese Cemetery, Kollam">Portuguese Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_Police_Museum" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Museum">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Thomas_Fort" title="St Thomas Fort">St Thomas Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangasseri_Lighthouse" title="Tangasseri Lighthouse">Tangasseri Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thekkumbhagam" title="Thekkumbhagam">Paravur Thekkumbhagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumullavaram_Beach" title="Thirumullavaram Beach">Thirumullavaram Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanni_Beach" title="Thanni Beach">Thanni Beach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Kollam" title="List of hospitals in Kollam">Healthcare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Medical_college_hospitals" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medical college hospitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azeezia_Medical_College" title="Azeezia Medical College">Azeezia Medical College Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Medical_College,_Kollam" title="Government Medical College, Kollam">Government Medical College, Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore_Medical_College_Hospital" title="Travancore Medical College Hospital">Travancore Medicity Medical College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_Hospital,_Kollam" title="District Hospital, Kollam">Government District Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Victoria_Hospital,_Kollam" title="Government Victoria Hospital, Kollam">Government Victoria Hospital</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditrina_Hospital" title="Meditrina Hospital">Meditrina Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._S._Memorial_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="N. S. Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences">N. S. Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li>ESIC Model & Super Speciality Hospital</li> <li>Upasana Hospital</li> <li>Shankar's Institute of Medical Science</li> <li>Dr. Nairs Hospital</li> <li>Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences</li> <li>Holy Cross Super Speciality Hospital</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings<br />& structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Residency" title="British Residency">British Residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashew_House" title="Cashew House">Cashew House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheena_Kottaram" title="Cheena Kottaram">Cheena Kottaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowther_Masonic_Hall" title="Crowther Masonic Hall">Crowther Masonic Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kovilthottam_Lighthouse" title="Kovilthottam Lighthouse">Kovilthottam Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Moolam_Thirunal_Palace" title="Sri Moolam Thirunal Palace">SMP Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Thomas_Fort" title="St Thomas Fort">St Thomas Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangasseri_Lighthouse" title="Tangasseri Lighthouse">Tangasseri Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thevally_Palace" title="Thevally Palace">Thevally Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Raviz" title="The Raviz">The Raviz</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shopping centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Jerome_Nagar" title="Bishop Jerome Nagar">Bishop Jerome Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Kollam" title="Downtown Kollam">Downtown Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RP_Mall,_Kollam" title="RP Mall, Kollam">RP Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%26J_Mall" title="H&J Mall">H&J Mall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Kollam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culture of Kollam (page does not exist)">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalidasa_Kalakendram" title="Kalidasa Kalakendram">Kalidasa Kalakendram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Pooram" title="Kollam Pooram">Kollam Pooram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottankulangara_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Kottankulangara Festival">Kottankulangara Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Trophy_Boat_Race" title="President's Trophy Boat Race">President's Trophy Boat Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Kite_Club" title="Kollam Kite Club">Kollam Kite Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Public_Library" title="Kollam Public Library">Kollam Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Rentha" title="Kollam Rentha">Kollam Rentha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_people" title="Anglo-Indian people">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li>List of statues in Kollam</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports & stadiums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_Stadium,_Kollam" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Kollam">Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_International_Hockey_Stadium" title="Kollam International Hockey Stadium">International Hockey Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Shooting_Range,_Kollam" title="Indoor Shooting Range, Kollam">KDRA Indoor Shooting Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympian_Suresh_Babu_Multipurpose_Indoor_Stadium" title="Olympian Suresh Babu Multipurpose Indoor Stadium">Olympian Suresh Babu Multipurpose Indoor Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kollam_District" title="Religion in Kollam District">Places of worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammachiveedu_Muhurthi" title="Ammachiveedu Muhurthi">Ammachiveedu Devi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandavalleeshwaram_Sri_Mahadevar_Temple" title="Anandavalleeshwaram Sri Mahadevar Temple">Anandavalleeshwaram Sri Mahadevar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asramam_Sree_Krishna_Swamy_Temple" title="Asramam Sree Krishna Swamy Temple">Asramam Sree Krishna Swamy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolloorvila_Juma_Mosque" title="Kolloorvila Juma Mosque">Kolloorvila Juma Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_Jesus_Cathedral" title="Infant Jesus Cathedral">Infant Jesus Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttingal_Temple" title="Puttingal Temple">Paravur Puttingal Devi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasthamcotta_Sree_Dharma_Sastha_Temple" title="Sasthamcotta Sree Dharma Sastha Temple">Sasthamcotta Sree Dharma Sastha Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Church,_Kovilthottam" title="St Andrew's Church, Kovilthottam">St Andrew's Church, Kovilthottam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Antony%27s_Church,_Kanjiracode" title="St Antony's Church, Kanjiracode">St Antony's Church, Kanjiracode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valiya_Koonambaikulam_Temple" title="Valiya Koonambaikulam Temple">Valiya Koonambaikulam Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_metropolitan_area" title="Kollam metropolitan area">Kollam metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashew_business_in_Kollam" title="Cashew business in Kollam">Cashew business in Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Norwegian_Project" title="Indo-Norwegian Project">Neendakara Indo-Norwegian Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Kollam_district" title="List of schools in Kollam district">List of schools in Kollam district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatayu_Earth%27s_Center_Nature_Park" title="Jatayu Earth's Center Nature Park">Jatayu Earth's Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam-Kottarakkara_Diocese_of_the_Church_of_South_India" title="Kollam-Kottarakkara Diocese of the Church of South India">Kollam CSI Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Kollam Orthodox Diocese">Kollam Orthodox Diocese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Education" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Kollam_district" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities and colleges in Kollam district">Universities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Narayanaguru_Open_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Sree Narayanaguru Open University">Sree Narayanaguru Open University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premier institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Infrastructure_and_Construction" title="Indian Institute of Infrastructure and Construction">Indian Institute of Infrastructure and Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Fashion_Technology_Kerala" title="Institute of Fashion Technology Kerala">Institute of Fashion Technology Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Maritime_Institute" title="Kerala Maritime Institute">Kerala Maritime Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Institute_of_Design" title="Kerala State Institute of Design">Kerala State Institute of Design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineering colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Jerome_Institute" title="Bishop Jerome Institute">Bishop Jerome Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Engineering,_Perumon" title="College of Engineering, Perumon">College of Engineering, Perumon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Engineering_Karunagappally" title="College of Engineering Karunagappally">College of Engineering Karunagappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangal_Kunju_Musaliar_College_of_Engineering,_Kollam" class="mw-redirect" title="Thangal Kunju Musaliar College of Engineering, Kollam">TKM College of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TKM_Institute_of_Technology" title="TKM Institute of Technology">TKM Institute of Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts, science & law colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_Mata_National_College" title="Fatima Mata National College">Fatima Mata National College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSS_Law_College" title="NSS Law College">NSS Law College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Narayana_Guru_College_of_Legal_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Sree Narayana Guru College of Legal Studies">Sree Narayana Guru College of Legal Studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinmaya_Vidyalaya,_Kollam" title="Chinmaya Vidyalaya, Kollam">Chinmaya Vidyalaya, Chandanathope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Model_Boys_Higher_Secondary_School,_Kollam" title="Government Model Boys Higher Secondary School, Kollam">Govt. Boys Model HSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendriya_Vidyalaya,_Kollam" title="Kendriya Vidyalaya, Kollam">Kendriya Vidyalaya, Mulangadakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel_Convent_Anglo-Indian_Girls_High_School" title="Mount Carmel Convent Anglo-Indian Girls High School">Mount Carmel Convent Anglo-Indian Girls High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Aloysius_Higher_Secondary_School" title="St. Aloysius Higher Secondary School">St. Aloysius Higher Secondary School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_Industrial_Training_Institute,_Chandanathope" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Industrial Training Institute, Chandanathope">Govt. ITI, Chandanathope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Narayana_Polytechnic_College" title="Sree Narayana Polytechnic College">Sree Narayana Polytechnic College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Neighbourhoods" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_of_Kollam" title="List of neighbourhoods of Kollam">Neighbourhoods</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Kollam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eravipuram" title="Eravipuram">Eravipuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koottikkada" title="Koottikkada">Koottikkada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevaram" title="Mevaram">Mevaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thattamala" title="Thattamala">Thattamala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadakkevila" title="Vadakkevila">Vadakkevila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valathungal" title="Valathungal">Valathungal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Kollam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchalumoodu" title="Anchalumoodu">Anchalumoodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavanad" title="Kavanad">Kavanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kureepuzha" title="Kureepuzha">Kureepuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maruthadi" title="Maruthadi">Maruthadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathilil" title="Mathilil">Mathilil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramankulangara" title="Ramankulangara">Ramankulangara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakthikulangara" title="Sakthikulangara">Sakthikulangara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrikkadavoor" title="Thrikkadavoor">Thrikkadavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallikeezhu" title="Vallikeezhu">Vallikeezhu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Kollam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andamukkam" title="Andamukkam">Andamukkam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asramam" title="Asramam">Asramam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Cantonment" title="Kollam Cantonment">Cantonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamakada" title="Chamakada">Chamakada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinnakada" title="Chinnakada">Chinnakada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutchery" title="Cutchery">Cutchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadappakada" title="Kadappakada">Kadappakada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbala,_Kollam" title="Karbala, Kollam">Karbala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochupilamoodu" title="Kochupilamoodu">Kochupilamoodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulamkadakam" title="Mulamkadakam">Mulamkadakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundakkal" title="Mundakkal">Mundakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattathanam" title="Pattathanam">Pattathanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polayathode" title="Polayathode">Polayathode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullikada" title="Pullikada">Pullikada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thevally" title="Thevally">Thevally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoppilkadavu" title="Thoppilkadavu">Thoppilkadavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uliyakovil" title="Uliyakovil">Uliyakovil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Kollam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayathil" title="Ayathil">Ayathil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandanathope" title="Chandanathope">Chandanathope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chathinamkulam" title="Chathinamkulam">Chathinamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallumthazham" title="Kallumthazham">Kallumthazham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karicode" title="Karicode">Karicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilikollur" title="Kilikollur">Kilikollur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punthalathazham" title="Punthalathazham">Punthalathazham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West Kollam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallithottam" title="Pallithottam">Pallithottam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangasseri" title="Tangasseri">Tangasseri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamarakulam" title="Thamarakulam">Thamarakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumullavaram" title="Thirumullavaram">Thirumullavaram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Transport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Kollam" title="Transport in Kollam">Transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bus stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andamukkam_City_bus_stand" title="Andamukkam City bus stand">Andamukkam City bus stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_KSRTC_bus_station" title="Kollam KSRTC bus station">Kollam KSRTC bus station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangasseri_Bus_Terminal" title="Tangasseri Bus Terminal">Tangasseri Bus Terminal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National highways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_66_(India)" title="National Highway 66 (India)">National Highway 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_183_(India)" title="National Highway 183 (India)">National Highway 183</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_744_(India)" title="National Highway 744 (India)">National Highway 744</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_183A_(India)" title="National Highway 183A (India)">National Highway 183A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Bypass" title="Kollam Bypass">Kollam Bypass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asramam_Link_Road" title="Asramam Link Road">Asramam Link Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam-Paravur_Coastal_Road" title="Kollam-Paravur Coastal Road">Coastal Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Road,_Kollam" title="Port Road, Kollam">Port Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QAC_Road" title="QAC Road">QAC Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residency_Road" title="Residency Road">Residency Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Kerala State Road Transport Corporation">Kerala State Road Transport Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Urban_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation">Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Junction_railway_station" title="Kollam Junction railway station">Kollam Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eravipuram_railway_station" title="Eravipuram railway station">Eravipuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilikollur_railway_station" title="Kilikollur railway station">Kilikollur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandanattop_railway_station" title="Chandanattop railway station">Chandanattop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ananthapuri_Express" title="Ananthapuri Express">Ananthapuri Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam%E2%80%93Visakhapatnam_Express" title="Kollam–Visakhapatnam Express">Kollam–Visakhapatnam Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_Egmore%E2%80%93Kollam_Junction_Express" title="Chennai Egmore–Kollam Junction Express">Kollam-Chennai Egmore Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam%E2%80%93Tirupati_Express" title="Kollam–Tirupati Express">Kollam–Tirupati Express</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kollam%E2%80%93Thiruvananthapuram_trunk_line" title="Kollam–Thiruvananthapuram trunk line">Kollam–Thiruvananthapuram trunk line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam%E2%80%93Sengottai_Chord_Line" title="Kollam–Sengottai Chord Line">Kollam–Sengottai Chord Line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sheds & <br />maintenance yards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_MEMU_Shed" title="Kollam MEMU Shed">Kollam MEMU Shed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Seaplane" title="Kerala Seaplane">Kerala Seaplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilon_Aerodrome" title="Quilon Aerodrome">Kollam Airport<small><i>(defunct)</i></small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Port" title="Kollam Port">Kollam Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_KSWTD_Ferry_Terminal" title="Kollam KSWTD Ferry Terminal">Kollam KSWTD Boat Jetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Canal" title="Kollam Canal">Kollam Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Waterway_3" title="National Waterway 3">National Waterway 3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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