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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Geologic formation in India</div> <p>The <b>Quilon limestone formation</b> is a geologic formation existing on the west coast of India. The Quilon formation, along with Warkalli formation represent sediments laid down in the Kerala basin that existed during Mio-pliocene times. The Quilon formation of the Miocene age is made up of limestone, and the Warkalli formation is made up of alternating beds of sand and shale exposed along the Varkala cliffs.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Details">Details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quilon_formation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The facies of the fossiliferous Quilon Limestone in SW India is described for the first time in detail at the Padappakkara-type locality.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It comprises at least 2 horizons of <a href="/wiki/Fossiliferous_limestone" title="Fossiliferous limestone">fossiliferous limestone</a> with marine fauna. The lower limestone horizon is characterized by colonial corals, while the upper horizon represents a larger foraminiferal Pseudotaberina malabarica facies which is well developed at the type locality, the coastal cliffs of Ashtamudi Lake at Padappakkara in SW India.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The age of the fossiliferous marl of the Quilon Formation is numerically constrained to between 17.08 and 17.13 with an error range of 0.22 Ma.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The source of the lignite debris, noted for the first time in the Quilon beds, is postulated as an old unknown bed either underlying or having existed nearby, but later removed by erosion or diastrophism. The proximity of the source of the Quilon sediments is supported by the presence of graphite in the sediments.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quilon Formation represents a rich fossil seagrass community, with proximity to a coral reef and mangroves.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A diverse bony fish assemblage with numerous new species are reported from the marls exposed at the Pozhikkara locality of the Quilon Formation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Formation also seems to record climatic events like Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum and Monterey Carbon Excursion.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quilon_formation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shodhbhagirathi.iitr.ac.in:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/3278">"MICROFAUNA FROM QUILON FORMATION (MIOCENE), KERALA"</a>. <i>Shodhbhagirathi</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shodhbhagirathi&rft.atitle=MICROFAUNA+FROM+QUILON+FORMATION+%28MIOCENE%29%2C+KERALA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshodhbhagirathi.iitr.ac.in%3A8081%2Fjspui%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F3278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuilon+formation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuterPillerHarzhauserKroh" class="citation journal cs1">Reuter, Markus; Piller, Werner E.; Harzhauser, Mathias; Kroh, Andreas; Rögl, Fred; Ćorić, Stjepan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00226.x">"The Quilon Limestone, Kerala Basin, India: an archive for Miocene Indo-Pacific seagrass beds: Miocene Indo-Pacific seagrass beds"</a>. <i>Lethaia</i>. <b>44</b> (1): 76–86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1502-3931.2010.00226.x">10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00226.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lethaia&rft.atitle=The+Quilon+Limestone%2C+Kerala+Basin%2C+India%3A+an+archive+for+Miocene+Indo-Pacific+seagrass+beds%3A+Miocene+Indo-Pacific+seagrass+beds&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=76-86&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1502-3931.2010.00226.x&rft.aulast=Reuter&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft.au=Piller%2C+Werner+E.&rft.au=Harzhauser%2C+Mathias&rft.au=Kroh%2C+Andreas&rft.au=R%C3%B6gl%2C+Fred&rft.au=%C4%86ori%C4%87%2C+Stjepan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1502-3931.2010.00226.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuilon+formation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPillerReuterHarzhauserKroh2010" class="citation web cs1">Piller, Werner E.; Reuter, Markus; Harzhauser, Mathias; Kroh, Andreas; Rögl, Fred; Coric, Stjepan (1 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.6751P/abstract#:~:text=The%20Quilon%20Formation%20of%20the,fossiliferous%20limestone%20with%20marine%20fauna.">"The Quilon Limestone (Kerala Basin/India) - an archive for Miocene Indo-Pacific seagrass beds"</a>. p. 6751. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.6751P">2010EGUGA..12.6751P</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Quilon+Limestone+%28Kerala+Basin%2FIndia%29+-+an+archive+for+Miocene+Indo-Pacific+seagrass+beds&rft.pages=6751&rft.date=2010-05-01&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010EGUGA..12.6751P&rft.aulast=Piller&rft.aufirst=Werner+E.&rft.au=Reuter%2C+Markus&rft.au=Harzhauser%2C+Mathias&rft.au=Kroh%2C+Andreas&rft.au=R%C3%B6gl%2C+Fred&rft.au=Coric%2C+Stjepan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fui.adsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F2010EGUGA..12.6751P%2Fabstract%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520Quilon%2520Formation%2520of%2520the%2Cfossiliferous%2520limestone%2520with%2520marine%2520fauna.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuilon+formation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarolinVadlamaniBajpai2022" class="citation journal cs1">Carolin, Nora; Vadlamani, Ravikant; Bajpai, Sunil (27 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12040-022-01898-x#:~:text=Therefore%2C%20the%20age%20of%20the,6C%20fit%20(McArthur%20et%20al.">"Sr isotope numerical depositional age of Miocene marine strata (Quilon Formation), Kerala–Konkan Basin, India"</a>. <i>Journal of Earth System Science</i>. <b>131</b> (3): 152. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022JESS..131..152C">2022JESS..131..152C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12040-022-01898-x">10.1007/s12040-022-01898-x</a>.</cite><span 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