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</div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Orient+Pr%C3%B2xim" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Orient+Pr%C3%B2xim" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right 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<div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-La_qüestió_oriental" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_qüestió_oriental"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>La qüestió oriental</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_qüestió_oriental-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Orient Pròxim</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 100 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabye_Ooste" title="Nabye Ooste - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nabye Ooste" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittlerer_Osten" title="Mittlerer Osten - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mittlerer Osten" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Proximo" title="Orient Proximo - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Orient Proximo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%89" title="الشرق الأدنى - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الشرق الأدنى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="الشرق الاقرب - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الشرق الاقرب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_pr%C3%B3ximu" title="Oriente próximu - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oriente próximu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="ГӀагараб Машрикъ - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀагараб Машрикъ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yax%C4%B1n_%C5%9E%C9%99rq" title="Yaxın Şərq - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaxın Şərq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82" title="یاخین شرق - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یاخین شرق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Яҡын Көнсығыш - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Яҡын Көнсығыш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C4%97m%C4%97%CC%84j%C4%97_R%C4%ABt%C4%81" title="Artėmė̄jė Rītā - Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Artėmė̄jė Rītā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Блізкі Усход - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Блізкі Усход" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%8E%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Блізкі Ўсход - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Блізкі Ўсход" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Parak" title="Timur Parak - Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Timur Parak" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cema_Koron" title="Cema Koron - bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Cema Koron" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="নিকট প্রাচ্য - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিকট প্রাচ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reter-Nesa%C3%B1" title="Reter-Nesañ - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Reter-Nesañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_istok" title="Bliski istok - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bliski istok" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Гергара Малхбале - txetxè" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гергара Малхбале" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaq%C4%B1n_%C5%9Earq" title="Yaqın Şarq - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yaqın Şarq" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%ADzk%C3%BD_v%C3%BDchod" title="Blízký východ - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Blízký východ" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Dwyrain_Agos" title="Y Dwyrain Agos - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Dwyrain Agos" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rorienten" title="Nærorienten - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nærorienten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naher_Osten" title="Naher Osten - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Naher Osten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocvet%C4%B1%C5%9Fo_Nezdi" title="Rocvetışo Nezdi - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rocvetışo Nezdi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%B3%CF%8D%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE" title="Εγγύς Ανατολή - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εγγύς Ανατολή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Near East" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proksima_Oriento" title="Proksima Oriento - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Proksima Oriento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_Pr%C3%B3ximo" title="Oriente Próximo - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oriente Próximo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekialde_Hurbila" title="Ekialde Hurbila - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekialde Hurbila" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="خاور نزدیک - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاور نزدیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proche-Orient" title="Proche-Orient - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Proche-Orient" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarahyres%E1%BA%BD_Ag%CC%83uigua" title="Kuarahyresẽ Ag̃uigua - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarahyresẽ Ag̃uigua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91" title="המזרח הקרוב - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המזרח הקרוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_istok" title="Bliski istok - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bliski istok" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_wuchod" title="Bliski wuchod - alt sòrab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bliski wuchod" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alt sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A5%D5%AC%D6%84" title="Մերձավոր Արևելք - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մերձավոր Արևելք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D6%82%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%AC%D6%84" title="Մերձաւոր Արեւելք - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մերձաւոր Արեւելք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Dekat" title="Timur Dekat - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Timur Dekat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asideg_a_Daya" title="Asideg a Daya - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Asideg a Daya" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Гаргара Малхбоале - ingúix" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Гаргара Малхбоале" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingúix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxim_Oriento" title="Proxim Oriento - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Proxim Oriento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austurl%C3%B6nd_n%C3%A6r" title="Austurlönd nær - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Austurlönd nær" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicino_Oriente" title="Vicino Oriente - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vicino Oriente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1" title="近東 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="近東" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ახლო აღმოსავლეთი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ახლო აღმოსავლეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BA%D3%80%D1%8B%D0%BF%D3%80%D1%8D_%D0%93%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%83" title="КъуэкӀыпӀэ Гъунэгъу - kabardí" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="КъуэкӀыпӀэ Гъунэгъу" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%83_%D0%A8%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Таяу Шығыс - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Таяу Шығыс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EB%8F%99" title="근동 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="근동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Матісь Асыввыв - komi-permiac" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Матісь Асыввыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rojhilata_N%C3%AAz%C3%AEk" title="Rojhilata Nêzîk - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rojhilata Nêzîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Жакынкы Чыгыш - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жакынкы Чыгыш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ves%C3%AC_Ori%C3%A8nt" title="Vesì Oriènt - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vesì Oriènt" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artimieji_Rytai" title="Artimieji Rytai - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Artimieji Rytai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vid%C4%93jie_Austrumi" title="Vidējie Austrumi - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vidējie Austrumi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsinanana_Akaiky" title="Atsinanana Akaiky - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Atsinanana Akaiky" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Близок Исток - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Близок Исток" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Dekat" title="Timur Dekat - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Timur Dekat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nege_Oosten" title="Nege Oosten - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nege Oosten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabije_Oosten" title="Nabije Oosten - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nabije Oosten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_n%C3%A6re_Austen" title="Det nære Austen - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det nære Austen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_n%C3%A6re_%C3%B8sten" title="Det nære østen - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det nære østen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B2che_Orient" title="Pròche Orient - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pròche Orient" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%B2%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA%C3%A6%D1%81%C3%A6%D0%BD" title="Æввахс Хурыскæсæн - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æввахс Хурыскæсæн" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proche-Oryint" title="Proche-Oryint - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Proche-Oryint" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medl_Eist" title="Medl Eist - Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Medl Eist" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_Wsch%C3%B3d" title="Bliski Wschód - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bliski Wschód" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%96%D8%AF%DB%90_%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%81" title="نږدې ختیځ - paixtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نږدې ختیځ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paixtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_Pr%C3%B3ximo" title="Oriente Próximo - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oriente Próximo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientul_Apropiat" title="Orientul Apropiat - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Orientul Apropiat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Ближний Восток - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ближний Восток" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Близкый Выход - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Близкый Выход" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Ближнэй Восток - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ближнэй Восток" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_istok" title="Bliski istok - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bliski istok" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%91%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C" title="මෑත පෙරදිග - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මෑත පෙරදිග" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Near East" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%ADzky_v%C3%BDchod" title="Blízky východ - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Blízky východ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bli%C5%BEnji_vzhod" title="Bližnji vzhod - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bližnji vzhod" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bariga_Dhow" title="Bariga Dhow - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bariga Dhow" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindja_e_Af%C3%ABrt" title="Lindja e Afërt - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lindja e Afërt" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Блиски исток - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Блиски исток" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A4mre_Orienten" title="Främre Orienten - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Främre Orienten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliski_Wesch%C5%8Dd" title="Bliski Weschōd - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bliski Weschōd" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="அண்மைக் கிழக்கு - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அண்மைக் கிழக்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%9B%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Шарқи Наздик - tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шарқи Наздик" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89" title="ตะวันออกใกล้ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตะวันออกใกล้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yak%C4%B1n_Do%C4%9Fu" title="Yakın Doğu - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yakın Doğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Якын Көнчыгыш - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Якын Көнчыгыш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Близький Схід - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Близький Схід" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="مشرق قریب - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مشرق قریب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqin_Sharq" title="Yaqin Sharq - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yaqin Sharq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_Pr%C3%B2simo" title="Oriente Pròsimo - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Oriente Pròsimo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_%C4%90%C3%B4ng" title="Cận Đông - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cận Đông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harani_nga_Sinirangan" title="Harani nga Sinirangan - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Harani nga Sinirangan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penku_gu_Jege" title="Penku gu Jege - wòlof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Penku gu Jege" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wòlof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%9C" title="近东 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="近东" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="არხო ბჟაეიოლი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არხო ბჟაეიოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1" title="近東 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="近東" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%ABn-tang" title="Kīn-tang - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kīn-tang" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1" title="近東 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="近東" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48214#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim&oldid=34248277" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim&id=34248277&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOrient_Pr%25C3%25B2xim"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOrient_Pr%25C3%25B2xim"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Orient+Pr%C3%B2xim"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Near_East" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikinews.org/wiki/Categoria:Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim" hreflang="ca"><span>Viquinotícies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48214" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates-ind" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><span title="Coordenades geogràfiques WGS84">Coord.:</span> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim&language=ca&params=32.8_N_35.6_E_region:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització">32° 48′ N, 35° 36′ E</span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització"><span class="latitude">32.8°N</span>,<span class="longitude">35.6°E</span></span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.8; 35.6</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style="" data-severity="2"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image" style="width: 52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Crystal128-pipe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal128-pipe.svg/25px-Crystal128-pipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal128-pipe.svg/38px-Crystal128-pipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal128-pipe.svg/50px-Crystal128-pipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> <div class="mbox-text-span">Aquest article o secció no <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Citau_les_fonts" title="Viquipèdia:Citau les fonts">cita les fonts</a> o necessita més referències per a la seva <a href="/wiki/VP:VER" class="mw-redirect" title="VP:VER">verificabilitat</a>.</div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33623789">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left;width:24em}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_abovestyle{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass_w_botton_top{background:#d9b38c;border-bottom:2px solid #ccccff;border-top:2px solid #ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerstyle{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;background:#d9b38c;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox_belowstyle{border-top:#aaa 1px solid;background:#FFA07A}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{background:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;text-align:start}</style><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em;infobox_bodystyle"><caption class="infobox_titlestyle" style="font-weight:bold"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plantilla:Infotaula indret"><img alt="Plantilla:Infotaula indret" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg/20px-Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg/30px-Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg/40px-Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span>Orient Pròxim</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3" title="Regió">regió geogràfica</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3502482" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3502482">regió cultural</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48214?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Part de</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11367199" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q11367199">The Near and Middle East</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11367199?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48214?uselang=ca#P361" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_w_botton_top" style="text-align:center">Localització</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Continent</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia" title="Àsia">Àsia</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48214?uselang=ca#P30" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><table align="center" style="width:auto; cellspacing:1; cellpadding:0%; border:0; margin:0; display:table;"><tbody><tr><td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Middle_east.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="lang=ca"><img alt="lang=ca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Middle_east.jpg/150px-Middle_east.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Middle_east.jpg/225px-Middle_east.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Middle_east.jpg/300px-Middle_east.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="938" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48214?uselang=ca#P242" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="150" data-height="150" data-zoom="4" data-lat="32.8" data-lon="35.6" data-overlays="["_7c5c47f27e2471931529db943a21def719970dd0"]" href="/wiki/Especial:Map/4/32.8/35.6/ca"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,32.8,35.6,150x150.png?lang=ca&domain=ca.wikipedia.org&title=Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim&revid=34248277&groups=_7c5c47f27e2471931529db943a21def719970dd0" width="150" height="150" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,32.8,35.6,150x150@2x.png?lang=ca&domain=ca.wikipedia.org&title=Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim&revid=34248277&groups=_7c5c47f27e2471931529db943a21def719970dd0 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><small> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim&language=ca&params=32.8_N_35.6_E_region:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització">32° 48′ N, 35° 36′ E</span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització"><span class="latitude">32.8°N</span>,<span class="longitude">35.6°E</span></span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.8; 35.6</span></span></span></a></span></small></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Format per</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="" style="width:100%;" align="left"></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria">Síria</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre">Xipre</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Jord%C3%A0nia" title="Jordània">Jordània</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADban" title="Líban">Líban</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Estat_de_Palestina" title="Estat de Palestina">Estat de Palestina</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48214?uselang=ca#P527" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div style="float: right;"> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div style="float: left;"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:NearEast.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/NearEast.png/220px-NearEast.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/NearEast.png/330px-NearEast.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/NearEast.png/440px-NearEast.png 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="261" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26476043">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;"> </span> L'Orient Pròxim en un context arqueològic i històric modern</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#5FD35F; color:black;"> </span> L'Orient Pròxim en un sentit més ampli</div></figcaption></figure> <p>L'<b>Orient Pròxim</b> o <b>Pròxim Orient</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> és un terme geogràfic que serveix per a designar diferents territoris segons geògrafs, arqueòlegs i historiadors, per una banda, i politòlegs, economistes i periodistes per l'altra. El terme originalment s'utilitzà per als territoris que formaven l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà">Imperi Otomà</a> en la seva extensió màxima, acabat amb la <a href="/wiki/Guerres_Habsburg-Otomanes#Gran_Guerra_Turca" title="Guerres Habsburg-Otomanes">Gran Guerra Turca</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_Karlowitz" title="Tractat de Karlowitz">Tractat de Karlowitz</a>, el 26 de juny del 1699. Aquesta guerra fixà que els territoris d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">Àustria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hongria" title="Hongria">Hongria</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ucra%C3%AFna" title="Ucraïna">Ucraïna</a> no serien part de l'Imperi Otomà, i per tant, tampoc no es consideren com una part de l'<b>Orient Pròxim</b>. </p><p>Durant la segona meitat del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>, tan sols s'utilitzava el terme <i><b>Orient Pròxim</b></i> per a parlar d'aquesta zona geogràfica, però a partir del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span> també s'utilitza <i><a href="/wiki/Orient_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Orient Mitjà">Orient Mitjà</a></i>. D'aquell moment ençà, ambdós termes són gairebé sinònims. Orient Pròxim és emprat en alguns contexts històrics determinats i Orient Mitjà en altres, sense gaires diferències semàntiques. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_qüestió_oriental"><span id="La_q.C3.BCesti.C3.B3_oriental"></span>La qüestió oriental</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: La qüestió oriental"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al començament del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>, l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà">Imperi Otomà</a> comprenia tota la <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_dels_Balcans" class="mw-redirect" title="Península dels Balcans">península dels Balcans</a> fins a l'extrem sud de la plana hongaresa, però cap al 1914 ho havia perdut tot exceptat <a href="/wiki/Constantinoble" title="Constantinoble">Constantinoble</a>, a causa de l'expansió de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Austrohongar%C3%A8s" title="Imperi Austrohongarès">Imperi Austrohongarès</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_d%27independ%C3%A8ncia_de_Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Guerra d'independència de Grècia">independència de Grècia</a> i altres guerres d'independència que resultaren en la creació dels estats dels Balcans. Alguns d'aquests estats eren independents i altres encara pertanyien nominalment als otomans, encara que ocupats per les tropes austrohongareses. Fins al 1912, els otomans encara mantenien <a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A0nia" title="Albània">Albània</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maced%C3%B2nia_(regi%C3%B3)" title="Macedònia (regió)">Macedònia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A0cia" title="Tràcia">Tràcia</a>, però les van perdre en les <a href="/wiki/Guerres_Balc%C3%A0niques" title="Guerres Balcàniques">dues guerres balcàniques</a> de <a href="/wiki/Primera_Guerra_Balc%C3%A0nica" title="Primera Guerra Balcànica">1912</a> i <a href="/wiki/Segona_Guerra_Balc%C3%A0nica" title="Segona Guerra Balcànica">1913</a>. </p><p>L'Imperi Otomà, a punt de col·lapsar, va ser retratat en la premsa com «el malalt d'Europa». Els estats balcànics, amb l'excepció parcial de <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B2snia" title="Bòsnia">Bòsnia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A0nia" title="Albània">Albània</a>, eren principalment de <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">religió cristiana</a>. A partir del 1894, els otomans van perseguir els <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Armènia">armenis</a> amb el motiu que era un poble no musulmà i que, com a tals, eren una amenaça potencial per a l'imperi musulmà on vivien. El <a href="/wiki/Genocidi_armeni" title="Genocidi armeni">genocidi armeni</a> va provocar la indignació de tot el món cristià. Les relacions de les minories de l'Imperi Otomà i la disposició dels antics territoris otomans es van començar a conèixer com la «qüestió d'Orient», ja que els otomans es trobaven a l'est d'Europa. </p><p>Aleshores, va esdevenir rellevant diferenciar l'«Orient» de la «qüestió oriental». A mitjan segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>, l'«Orient Pròxim» s'utilitzava per a descriure aquesta part de l'est més propera a Europa, que havia estat coneguda com a <a href="/wiki/Llevant_(Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim)" title="Llevant (Orient Pròxim)"><i>Llevant</i></a>, un territori sota la jurisdicció del <a href="/wiki/Bab-i_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Bab-i Ali">govern otomà</a>. El terme <a href="/wiki/Extrem_Orient" title="Extrem Orient"><i>Orient Llunyà</i></a> s'emprava llavors per a referir-se al <a href="/wiki/Jap%C3%B3" title="Japó">Japó</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Xina" title="Xina">Xina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corea" title="Corea">Corea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, és a dir, les <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndies_Orientals" title="Índies Orientals">Índies orientals</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Near_East" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Near East">Orient Pròxim</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/0241695.xml">Orient Pròxim</a>». <i><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</a></i>.  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