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id="toc-Mission_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Impactors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impactors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Impactors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impactors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flybys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flybys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Flybys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flybys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soft_landers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soft_landers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Soft landers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soft_landers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orbiters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbiters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Orbiters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orbiters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rovers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rovers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Rovers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rovers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample_return" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample_return"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Sample return</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sample_return-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_success_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_success_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mission success rates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_success_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_details" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_details"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mission details</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_details-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Luna programme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loena-ruimteprogram" title="Loena-ruimteprogram – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Loena-ruimteprogram" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="برنامج لونا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برنامج لونا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_proqram%C4%B1" title="Luna proqramı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Luna proqramı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF" title="লুনা কর্মসূচি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লুনা কর্মসূচি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Месяц (касмічная праграма) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Месяц (касмічная праграма)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Луна (програма) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Луна (програма)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programa_Luna" title="Programa Luna – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Programa Luna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Luna" title="Program Luna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Program Luna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna-programmet" title="Luna-programmet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Luna-programmet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna-Programm" title="Luna-Programm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Luna-Programm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_(kosmoseprogramm)" title="Luna (kosmoseprogramm) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Luna (kosmoseprogramm)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Πρόγραμμα Λούνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόγραμμα Λούνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programa_Luna" title="Programa Luna – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Programa Luna" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projekto_Luna" title="Projekto Luna – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Projekto Luna" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="برنامه لونا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برنامه لونا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_Luna" title="Programme Luna – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Programme Luna" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A1r_Luna" title="Clár Luna – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Clár Luna" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%82%98_%EA%B3%84%ED%9A%8D" title="루나 계획 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루나 계획" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1_(%D5%AE%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80)" title="Լունա (ծրագիր) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լունա (ծրագիր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Luna" title="Program Luna – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Program Luna" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programo_Luna" title="Programo Luna – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Programo Luna" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Luna" title="Program Luna – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Program Luna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programma_Luna" title="Programma Luna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Programma Luna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="תוכנית לונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תוכנית לונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AE" title="ಲೂನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲೂನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90)" title="ლუნა (კოსმოსური პროგრამა) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუნა (კოსმოსური პროგრამა)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B)" title="Луна (автомат станциясы) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Луна (автомат станциясы)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna-Programm" title="Luna-Programm – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Luna-Programm" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_programa" title="Luna programa – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Luna programa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna-program" title="Luna-program – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Luna-program" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%94_%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%B6%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="လူန စီမံကိန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လူန စီမံကိန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loenaprogramma" title="Loenaprogramma – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Loenaprogramma" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8A%E8%A8%88%E7%94%BB" title="ルナ計画 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルナ計画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna-programmet" title="Luna-programmet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Luna-programmet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_(dastur)" title="Luna (dastur) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Luna (dastur)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_%C5%81una" title="Program Łuna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Program Łuna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programa_Luna" title="Programa Luna – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Programa Luna" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Луна (космическая программа) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Луна (космическая программа)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Luna" title="Program Luna – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Program Luna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Luna" title="Program Luna – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Program Luna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="پڕۆژەی لونا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پڕۆژەی لونا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86)" title="Мисије Луна (Месец) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мисије Луна (Месец)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Luna" title="Program Luna – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Program Luna" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna" title="Luna – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luna" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunaprogrammet" title="Lunaprogrammet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lunaprogrammet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programang_Luna" title="Programang Luna – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Programang Luna" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="லூனா திட்டம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லூனா திட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahil_n_Luna" title="Ahil n Luna – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ahil n Luna" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Луна – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Луна" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_program%C4%B1" title="Luna programı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Luna programı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Луна (космічна програма) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Луна (космічна програма)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_tr%C3%ACnh_Luna" title="Chương trình Luna – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chương trình Luna" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E5%8F%B7%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="月球号系列探测器 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_program&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna program">Luna program</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Robotic spacecraft missions to the Moon by the Soviet Union (1958–1976)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the second programme, see <a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Luna space programme</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Луна Космическая Программа<br />Luna Kosmicheskaya Programma</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Moon_landing_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Moon_landing_map.jpg/270px-Moon_landing_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Moon_landing_map.jpg/405px-Moon_landing_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Moon_landing_map.jpg/540px-Moon_landing_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1070" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Locations of Luna landings on the Moon are marked in red; Apollo missions in green, and Surveyor in yellow.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Program overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Uncrewed exploration of the Moon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Operational</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Programme history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">1958–1976</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-1_No.1" title="Luna E-1 No.1">Luna E-1 No.1</a></li><li>23 September 1958</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last flight</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">Luna 24</a></li><li>9 August 1976</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successes</th><td class="infobox-data">15</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Failures</th><td class="infobox-data">28</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partial failures</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Vehicle information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch vehicle(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna 8K72</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-L" class="mw-redirect" title="Molniya-L">Molniya-L</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok D-1">D-1</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2" title="Soyuz-2">Soyuz 2.1b</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Luna programme</b> (from the Russian word <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Луна</span></span> "<a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Luna</a>" meaning "Moon"), occasionally called <i>Lunik</i> by western media,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a series of <a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">robotic spacecraft</a> missions sent to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> between 1959 and 1976. The programme accomplished many <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_space_exploration" title="Timeline of space exploration">firsts in space exploration</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">first flyby of the Moon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">first impact of the Moon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">first photos of the far side of the Moon</a>. Each mission was designed as either an <a href="/wiki/Orbiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbiter">orbiter</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lander (spacecraft)">lander</a>. They also performed many experiments, studying the Moon's <a href="/wiki/Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">chemical</a> composition, <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Radiation" title="Radiation">radiation</a>. </p><p>Twenty-four spacecraft were formally given the Luna designation, although more were launched. Those that failed to reach orbit were not publicly acknowledged at the time, and not assigned a Luna number. Those that failed in low Earth orbit were usually given <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(satellite)" title="Kosmos (satellite)">Cosmos</a> designations.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The estimated cost of the Luna programme in 1964 was US$6–10 billion<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (equivalent to US$45–75 billion in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-USGDP_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-USGDP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). The <a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">Luna 25</a> mission also continues the Luna designation, although it is considered to be a part of the <a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a> exploration programme.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same applies to other planned missions such as <a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">Luna 26</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">Luna 27</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">Luna 28</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_types">Mission types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_programme&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luna_programme&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The name <i>Luna</i> was used to designate a variety of spacecraft designs, to achieve several types of missions: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impactors">Impactors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_programme&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Impactors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lander_(spacecraft)#Impactors" title="Lander (spacecraft)">Lander (spacecraft) § Impactors</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_510848_Interplanetary_station_Luna_1_-_blacked.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/RIAN_archive_510848_Interplanetary_station_Luna_1_-_blacked.jpg/170px-RIAN_archive_510848_Interplanetary_station_Luna_1_-_blacked.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/RIAN_archive_510848_Interplanetary_station_Luna_1_-_blacked.jpg/255px-RIAN_archive_510848_Interplanetary_station_Luna_1_-_blacked.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/RIAN_archive_510848_Interplanetary_station_Luna_1_-_blacked.jpg/340px-RIAN_archive_510848_Interplanetary_station_Luna_1_-_blacked.jpg 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Luna 1 impactor</figcaption></figure> <p>Impactor spacecraft had the generic designation of <b>Ye-1</b> (or <b>E-1</b> depending on transliteration from Russian) and were designed to hit the near side of the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">Luna 1</a> (January 1959) missed its intended impact with the Moon and became the first spacecraft to escape the Earth-Moon system.<sup id="cite_ref-siddiqi1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siddiqi1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">Luna 2</a> (September 1959) mission successfully hit the Moon's surface, becoming the first man-made object to reach the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-siddiqi2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siddiqi2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was Luna's only impact success out of six tries from September 1958 to September 1959. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flybys">Flybys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_programme&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Flybys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FP2A3122_(23497693608).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/FP2A3122_%2823497693608%29.jpg/220px-FP2A3122_%2823497693608%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/FP2A3122_%2823497693608%29.jpg/330px-FP2A3122_%2823497693608%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/FP2A3122_%2823497693608%29.jpg/440px-FP2A3122_%2823497693608%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Luna 3 flyby spacecraft model</figcaption></figure> <p>A flyby is the simplest lunar spacecraft, requiring neither a propulsion device for slowing, nor a guidance system sensitive enough to hit the Moon. Flyby spacecraft had the generic designations of <b>Ye-2</b> and <b>Ye-3</b> (<b>E-2</b> and <b>E-3</b> depending on transliteration from Russian).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their function was to transmit photographs back to Earth. <a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">Luna 3</a> (October 1959) rounded the Moon later that year, and returned the first photographs of its <a href="/wiki/Far_side_(Moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Far side (Moon)">far side</a>, which can never be seen from <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-siddiqi2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siddiqi2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was Luna's only successful flyby, out of three tries from October 1959 to April 1960. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soft_landers">Soft landers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_programme&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Soft landers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Soft_landing_(aeronautics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft landing (aeronautics)">Soft landing (aeronautics)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_(2016-06-11)_0134.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0134.jpg/220px-Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0134.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0134.jpg/330px-Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0134.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0134.jpg/440px-Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0134.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Luna 9 lander model</figcaption></figure> <p>Soft landers require rocket propulsion to slow their speed sufficiently to prevent the craft's destruction. They can continue to transmit pictures from the surface, and possibly dig into the lunar soil or return other information about the lunar environment. </p><p>Luna program landers had the generic designations of <b>Ye-6</b> or <b>Ye-6M</b> (<b>E-6</b> or <b>E-6M</b> depending on transliteration from Russian).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two successful soft landings were achieved out of thirteen attempts from January 1963 to December 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a> (<i>E-6 No.13</i>) became the first probe to achieve a soft landing on another planetary body in February 1966. It transmitted five black and white stereoscopic circular panoramas, which were the first close-up shots of the lunar surface.<sup id="cite_ref-siddiqi1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siddiqi1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orbiters">Orbiters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_programme&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Orbiters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luna_10_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010504.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Luna_10_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010504.JPG/220px-Luna_10_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010504.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Luna_10_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010504.JPG/330px-Luna_10_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010504.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Luna_10_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010504.JPG/440px-Luna_10_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010504.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2814" data-file-height="2087" /></a><figcaption>Luna 10 orbiter model </figcaption></figure> <p>Orbiter spacecraft require less thrust and propellant than landers, but still require enough to achieve <a href="/wiki/Lunar_orbit_insertion" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar orbit insertion">lunar orbit insertion</a>. <a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a> (March 1966) became the first artificial satellite of the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-siddiqi2_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siddiqi2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luna program orbiters had the generic designations of <b>Ye-6LF</b>, <b>Ye-6LS</b>, <b>Ye-6S</b> or <b>Ye-8LS</b> (<b>E-6</b>, <b>E-6LS</b>, <b>E-6S</b> or <b>E-8LS</b> depending on transliteration from Russian).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luna flew six successful orbiters out of eight attempts from March 1966 to May 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rovers">Rovers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_programme&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rovers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod programme</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luna_and_Lunokhod.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Luna_and_Lunokhod.png/220px-Luna_and_Lunokhod.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Luna_and_Lunokhod.png/330px-Luna_and_Lunokhod.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Luna_and_Lunokhod.png/440px-Luna_and_Lunokhod.png 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="930" /></a><figcaption>Luna 17 lander with Lunokhod 1 rover payload</figcaption></figure> <p>More sophisticated soft lander craft can deploy wheeled vehicles to explore a wider area of the lunar surface than the immediate landing site. Luna program landers with rovers had the generic designations of <b>Ye-8</b> (<b>E-8</b> depending on transliteration from Russian).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first attempted Lunokhod failed in February 1969. <a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">Luna 17</a> (November 1970) and <a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">Luna 21</a> (January 1973) carried <a href="/wiki/Lunokhod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunokhod">Lunokhod</a> vehicles, which were the first robotic wheeled vehicles to explore the Moon's terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-siddiqi2_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siddiqi2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_1" title="Lunokhod 1">Lunokhod 1</a> travelled 10.5 kilometres (6.5 mi) in 322 days and returned more than 20,000 television images and 206 high-resolution panoramas.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_2" title="Lunokhod 2">Lunokhod 2</a> operated for about four months, and covered 42 kilometres (26 mi) of terrain,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third Lunokhod was built and intended for launch in 1977, but never flew due to lack of launchers and funding.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sample_return">Sample return</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_programme&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sample return"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sample_return_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Sample return mission">Sample return mission</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_(2016-06-11)_0466.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0466.jpg/220px-Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0466.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="392" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0466.jpg/330px-Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0466.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0466.jpg/440px-Kaluga_Wikiexpedition_%282016-06-11%29_0466.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Luna 16 sample return lander model</figcaption></figure> <p>More complex soft lander craft can robotically scoop up a small amount of <a href="/wiki/Moon_rock" title="Moon rock">lunar material</a>, lift off from the surface, and return the material to Earth. Luna program sample return landers had the generic designations of <b>Ye-8-5</b> or <b>Ye-8-5M</b> (<b>E-8-5</b> or <b>E-8-5M</b> depending on transliteration from Russian).<sup id="cite_ref-:6_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">Luna 16</a> (September 1970), <a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">Luna 20</a> (February 1972) and <a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">Luna 24</a> (August 1976), returned samples of <a href="/wiki/Lunar_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar soil">lunar soil</a> to Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-siddiqi2_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siddiqi2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 301 g (10.6 oz) of soil sample was returned from the three missions. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">Luna 15</a> (July 1969) flew at the same time as the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> mission. <a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a> had already performed the first crewed lunar landing when Luna 15 began its descent, and the spacecraft crashed into a mountain minutes later. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_success_rates">Mission success rates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_programme&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mission success rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the programme was active, it was Soviet practice not to release any details of missions that had failed to achieve orbit. This resulted in Western observers assigning their own designations to the missions. For example, <a href="/wiki/Luna_E-1_No.1" title="Luna E-1 No.1">Luna E-1 No.1</a>, the first failure of 1958 which NASA believed was associated with the Luna programme, was known as Luna 1958A.<sup id="cite_ref-tent_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tent-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th colspan="5">Luna</th> <th colspan="5">Competing United States programmes </th></tr> <tr> <th>Type</th> <th>First attempt</th> <th>Attempts</th> <th>First success</th> <th>Successes</th> <th>Rate</th> <th>First attempt</th> <th>Attempts</th> <th>First success</th> <th>Successes</th> <th>Rate </th></tr> <tr> <td>Impactor</td> <td>23 Sep 1958</td> <td style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">Luna 2</a><br />Sep 13, 1959</td> <td style="text-align:center">1</td> <td>16.7%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ranger_1" title="Ranger 1">Ranger 1</a><br />23 Aug 1961</td> <td style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ranger_7" title="Ranger 7">Ranger 7</a><br />31 July 1964</td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program#Mission_list" title="Ranger program">3</a></td> <td>33.3%<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Flyby</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">Luna 3</a><br />6 Oct 1959</td> <td style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td>Luna 3</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td>33.3%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_3" title="Pioneer 3">Pioneer 3</a><br />6 Dec 1958</td> <td style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_4" title="Pioneer 4">Pioneer 4</a><br />6 Mar 1959</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program#Juno_II_lunar_probes_(1958–1959)" title="Pioneer program">1</a></td> <td>50.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Soft lander</td> <td>4 Jan 1963</td> <td style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a><br />3 Feb 1966</td> <td style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td>15.4%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_1" title="Surveyor 1">Surveyor 1</a><br />2 Jun 1966</td> <td style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td>Surveyor 1</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program#Missions" title="Surveyor program">5</a></td> <td>71.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Orbiter</td> <td>1 Mar 1966</td> <td style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a><br />3 Apr 1966</td> <td style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td>75.0%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_0" title="Pioneer 0">Pioneer 0</a><br /> 17 Aug 1958</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program#Early_missions" title="Pioneer program">12</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_1" title="Lunar Orbiter 1">Lunar Orbiter 1</a><br /> 18 Aug 1966</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">5</a></td> <td>41.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rover</td> <td>19 Feb 1969</td> <td style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">Luna 17</a><br />17 Nov 1970</td> <td style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td>66.7%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a><br />31 July 1971</td> <td style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td>Apollo 15</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions#Crewed_missions" title="List of Apollo missions">3</a></td> <td>100.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sample return</td> <td>14 Jun 1969</td> <td style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">Luna 16</a><br />24 Sep, 1970</td> <td style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td>27.3%</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a><br />24 Jul 1969</td> <td style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td>Apollo 11</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program#Mission_summary" title="Apollo program">6</a></td> <td>85.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b></td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>44</b></td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>15</b></td> <td><b>34.1%</b></td> <td><b>Total</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>40</b></td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>24</b></td> <td><b>60.0%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_details">Mission details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_programme&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mission details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Public name </th> <th>Internal name </th> <th>Photo </th> <th>Mission </th> <th>Launch date </th> <th>Carrier rocket </th> <th>Outcome </th> <th>Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-1_No.1" title="Luna E-1 No.1">E-1 No.1</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lander_(spacecraft)#Impactors" title="Lander (spacecraft)">Impactor</a></td> <td>23 September 1958</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Failed to orbit </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-1_No.2" title="Luna E-1 No.2">E-1 No.2</a></td> <td></td> <td>Impactor</td> <td>11 October 1958</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Failed to orbit </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-1_No.3" title="Luna E-1 No.3">E-1 No.3</a></td> <td></td> <td>Impactor</td> <td>4 December 1958</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Failed to orbit </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">Luna 1</a></td> <td>E-1 No.4</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luna_1_-_2_Spacecraft.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Luna_1_-_2_Spacecraft.png/100px-Luna_1_-_2_Spacecraft.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Luna_1_-_2_Spacecraft.png/150px-Luna_1_-_2_Spacecraft.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Luna_1_-_2_Spacecraft.png/200px-Luna_1_-_2_Spacecraft.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Impactor</td> <td>2 January 1959</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Also known as <i>Mechta</i>; placed onto incorrect trajectory, flew past the Moon without impacting; first spacecraft to escape <a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">geocentric orbit</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-1A_No.1" title="Luna E-1A No.1">E-1A No.1</a></td> <td></td> <td>Impactor</td> <td>18 June 1959</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Failed to orbit </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">Luna 2</a></td> <td>E-1A No.2</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luna_1_-_2_Spacecraft.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Luna_1_-_2_Spacecraft.png/100px-Luna_1_-_2_Spacecraft.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Luna_1_-_2_Spacecraft.png/150px-Luna_1_-_2_Spacecraft.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Luna_1_-_2_Spacecraft.png/200px-Luna_1_-_2_Spacecraft.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Impactor</td> <td>12 September 1959</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful</td> <td>Impacted <a href="/wiki/Palus_Putredinis" title="Palus Putredinis">Palus Putredinis</a> (29.10 N, 0.00 E) on the Moon on 14 September 1959 at ~07:30 GMT. First man-made object to reach the Moon. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">Luna 3</a></td> <td>E-2A No.1</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FP2A3122_(23497693608).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/FP2A3122_%2823497693608%29.jpg/100px-FP2A3122_%2823497693608%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/FP2A3122_%2823497693608%29.jpg/150px-FP2A3122_%2823497693608%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/FP2A3122_%2823497693608%29.jpg/200px-FP2A3122_%2823497693608%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Flyby</td> <td>4 October 1959</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful</td> <td>Took first photographs of the <a href="/wiki/Far_side_of_the_Moon" title="Far side of the Moon">far side of the Moon</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-3_No.1" title="Luna E-3 No.1">E-3 No.1</a></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DLR_School_Lab_Dresden_(20).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DLR_School_Lab_Dresden_%2820%29.JPG/100px-DLR_School_Lab_Dresden_%2820%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DLR_School_Lab_Dresden_%2820%29.JPG/150px-DLR_School_Lab_Dresden_%2820%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DLR_School_Lab_Dresden_%2820%29.JPG/200px-DLR_School_Lab_Dresden_%2820%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Flyby</td> <td>15 April 1960</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Failed to orbit </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-3_No.2" title="Luna E-3 No.2">E-3 No.2</a></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DLR_School_Lab_Dresden_(20).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DLR_School_Lab_Dresden_%2820%29.JPG/100px-DLR_School_Lab_Dresden_%2820%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DLR_School_Lab_Dresden_%2820%29.JPG/150px-DLR_School_Lab_Dresden_%2820%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DLR_School_Lab_Dresden_%2820%29.JPG/200px-DLR_School_Lab_Dresden_%2820%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Flyby</td> <td>16 April 1960</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Failed to orbit </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.2" title="Luna E-6 No.2">E-6 No.2</a></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FP2A3148_(23497692458).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/100px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/150px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/200px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Lander</td> <td>4 January 1963</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-L" class="mw-redirect" title="Molniya-L">Molniya-L</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Never left LEO </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.3" title="Luna E-6 No.3">E-6 No.3</a></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FP2A3148_(23497692458).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/100px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/150px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/200px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Lander</td> <td>3 February 1963</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-L" class="mw-redirect" title="Molniya-L">Molniya-L</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Failed to orbit </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_4" title="Luna 4">Luna 4</a></td> <td>E-6 No.4</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FP2A3148_(23497692458).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/100px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/150px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/200px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Lander</td> <td>2 April 1963</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-L" class="mw-redirect" title="Molniya-L">Molniya-L</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Spacecraft failure</td> <td>Failed to perform course correction manoeuvre; flew past the Moon </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.6" title="Luna E-6 No.6">E-6 No.6</a></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FP2A3148_(23497692458).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/100px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/150px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/200px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Lander</td> <td>21 March 1964</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Failed to orbit </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.5" title="Luna E-6 No.5">E-6 No.5</a></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FP2A3148_(23497692458).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/100px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/150px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/200px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Lander</td> <td>20 April 1964</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Failed to orbit </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_60" title="Kosmos 60">Kosmos 60</a></td> <td>E-6 No.9</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FP2A3148_(23497692458).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/100px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/150px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/200px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Lander</td> <td>12 March 1965</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-L" class="mw-redirect" title="Molniya-L">Molniya-L</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Never left LEO, decayed five days later </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.8" title="Luna E-6 No.8">E-6 No.8</a></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FP2A3148_(23497692458).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/100px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/150px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/200px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Lander</td> <td>10 April 1965</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-L" class="mw-redirect" title="Molniya-L">Molniya-L</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Failed to orbit </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_5" title="Luna 5">Luna 5</a></td> <td>E-6 No.10</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FP2A3148_(23497692458).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/100px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/150px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/200px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Lander</td> <td>9 May 1965</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Spacecraft failure</td> <td>Failed to decelerate; impacted <a href="/wiki/Mare_Nubium" title="Mare Nubium">Mare Nubium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_6" title="Luna 6">Luna 6</a></td> <td>E-6 No.7</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FP2A3148_(23497692458).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/100px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/150px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/200px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Lander</td> <td>8 June 1965</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Spacecraft failure</td> <td>Failed to perform course correction manoeuvre; flew past the Moon </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_7" title="Luna 7">Luna 7</a></td> <td>E-6 No.11</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FP2A3148_(23497692458).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/100px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/150px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/200px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Lander</td> <td>4 October 1965</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Spacecraft failure</td> <td>Attitude control failure; impacted <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_Procellarum" title="Oceanus Procellarum">Oceanus Procellarum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_8" title="Luna 8">Luna 8</a></td> <td>E-6 No.12</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FP2A3148_(23497692458).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/100px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/150px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg/200px-FP2A3148_%2823497692458%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Lander</td> <td>3 December 1965</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Spacecraft failure</td> <td>Attitude control failure; impacted <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_Procellarum" title="Oceanus Procellarum">Oceanus Procellarum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a></td> <td>E-6 No.13</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luna-9_model.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Luna-9_model.jpg/100px-Luna-9_model.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Luna-9_model.jpg/150px-Luna-9_model.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Luna-9_model.jpg/200px-Luna-9_model.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="3877" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Lander</td> <td>31 January 1966</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful</td> <td>Landed in <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_Procellarum" title="Oceanus Procellarum">Oceanus Procellarum</a> (7.08 N, 295.63 E) 18:44:52 GMT on 3 February 1966. First soft landing on the Moon. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_111" title="Kosmos 111">Kosmos 111</a></td> <td>E-6S No.204</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luna_9_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010505.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Luna_9_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010505.JPG/100px-Luna_9_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010505.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Luna_9_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010505.JPG/150px-Luna_9_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010505.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Luna_9_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010505.JPG/200px-Luna_9_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010505.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4928" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Orbiter</td> <td>1 March 1966</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Never left LEO, decayed two days later </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a></td> <td>E-6S No.206</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luna_10_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010504.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Luna_10_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010504.JPG/100px-Luna_10_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010504.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Luna_10_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010504.JPG/150px-Luna_10_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010504.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Luna_10_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010504.JPG/200px-Luna_10_Musee_du_Bourget_P1010504.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2814" data-file-height="2087" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Orbiter</td> <td>31 March 1966</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_11" title="Luna 11">Luna 11</a></td> <td>E-6LF No.101</td> <td></td> <td>Orbiter</td> <td>24 August 1966</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_12" title="Luna 12">Luna 12</a></td> <td>E-6LF No.102</td> <td></td> <td>Orbiter</td> <td>22 October 1966</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_13" title="Luna 13">Luna 13</a></td> <td>E-6M No.205</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luna13_lander_vsm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Luna13_lander_vsm.jpg/100px-Luna13_lander_vsm.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Luna13_lander_vsm.jpg/150px-Luna13_lander_vsm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Luna13_lander_vsm.jpg/200px-Luna13_lander_vsm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Lander</td> <td>21 December 1966</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful</td> <td>Landed in <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_Procellarum" title="Oceanus Procellarum">Oceanus Procellarum</a> (18.87 N, 297.95 E) 18:01 GMT on 24 December 1966 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6LS_No.112" title="Luna E-6LS No.112">E-6LS No.112</a></td> <td></td> <td>Orbiter</td> <td>7 February 1968</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Failed to orbit </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_14" title="Luna 14">Luna 14</a></td> <td>E-6LS No.113</td> <td></td> <td>Orbiter</td> <td>7 April 1968</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya-M</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8_No.201" title="Luna E-8 No.201">E-8 No.201</a></td> <td></td> <td>Rover</td> <td>19 February 1969</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>First attempt to launch <a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod</a>. Failed to orbit, Lunokhod destroyed. </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8-5_No.402" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna E-8-5 No.402">E-8-5 No.402</a></td> <td></td> <td>Sample return</td> <td>14 June 1969</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Failed to orbit </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">Luna 15</a></td> <td>E-8-5 No.401</td> <td></td> <td>Sample return</td> <td>13 July 1969</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Spacecraft failure</td> <td>Entered selenocentric orbit successfully, failed during descent on 21 July 1969; impacted the Moon while <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> was on the surface </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_300" title="Kosmos 300">Kosmos 300</a></td> <td>E-8-5 No.403</td> <td></td> <td>Sample return</td> <td>23 September 1969</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Never left LEO, decayed four days later </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_305" title="Kosmos 305">Kosmos 305</a></td> <td>E-8-5 No.404</td> <td></td> <td>Sample return</td> <td>22 October 1969</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Never left LEO, decayed two days later </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8-5_No.405" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna E-8-5 No.405">E-8-5 No.405</a></td> <td></td> <td>Sample return</td> <td>6 February 1970</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Failed to orbit </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">Luna 16</a></td> <td>E-8-5 No.406</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luna_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Luna_16.jpg/100px-Luna_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Luna_16.jpg/150px-Luna_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Luna_16.jpg/200px-Luna_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Sample return</td> <td>12 September 1970</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful</td> <td>Landed in <a href="/wiki/Mare_Fecunditatis" title="Mare Fecunditatis">Mare Fecunditatis</a> (0.68 S, 56.30 E) at 05:18 GMT on 20 September 1970. Sample returned to Earth on 24 September 1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">Luna 17</a></td> <td>E-8 No.203</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luna_and_Lunokhod.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Luna_and_Lunokhod.png/100px-Luna_and_Lunokhod.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Luna_and_Lunokhod.png/150px-Luna_and_Lunokhod.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Luna_and_Lunokhod.png/200px-Luna_and_Lunokhod.png 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="930" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Rover</td> <td>10 November 1970</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful</td> <td>Landed in <a href="/wiki/Mare_Imbrium" title="Mare Imbrium">Mare Imbrium</a> (38.28 N, 325.00 E) at 03:47 GMT on 17 November 1970. Deployed <a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_1" title="Lunokhod 1">Lunokhod 1</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_18" title="Luna 18">Luna 18</a></td> <td>E-8-5 No.407</td> <td></td> <td>Sample return</td> <td>2 September 1971</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Spacecraft failure</td> <td>Entered selenocentric orbit successfully, failed during descent; impacted <a href="/wiki/Mare_Fecunditatis" title="Mare Fecunditatis">Mare Fecunditatis</a> (3.57 N, 50.50 E) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_19" title="Luna 19">Luna 19</a></td> <td>E-8LS No.202</td> <td></td> <td>Orbiter</td> <td>28 September 1971</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">Luna 20</a></td> <td>E-8-5 No.408</td> <td></td> <td>Sample return</td> <td>14 February 1972</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful</td> <td>Landed in <a href="/wiki/Mare_Fecunditatis" title="Mare Fecunditatis">Mare Fecunditatis</a> (3.57 N, 56.50 E) at 19:19 UTC on 21 February 1972. Sample returned to Earth on 25 February 1972 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">Luna 21</a></td> <td>E-8 No.204</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luna_21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Luna_21.jpg/100px-Luna_21.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Luna_21.jpg/150px-Luna_21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Luna_21.jpg/200px-Luna_21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1076" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Rover</td> <td>8 January 1973</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful</td> <td>Landed in <a href="/wiki/Le_Monnier_(crater)" title="Le Monnier (crater)">Le Monnier</a> (25.85 N, 30.45 E) at 23:35 UTC on 15 January 1973. Deployed <a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_2" title="Lunokhod 2">Lunokhod 2</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_22" title="Luna 22">Luna 22</a></td> <td>E-8LS No.206</td> <td></td> <td>Orbiter</td> <td>29 May 1974</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_23" title="Luna 23">Luna 23</a></td> <td>E-8-5M No.410</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luna23_figure.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Luna23_figure.png/100px-Luna23_figure.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Luna23_figure.png/150px-Luna23_figure.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Luna23_figure.png/200px-Luna23_figure.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Sample return</td> <td>28 October 1974</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Spacecraft failure</td> <td>Landed in <a href="/wiki/Mare_Crisium" title="Mare Crisium">Mare Crisium</a>, fell over upon landing </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;">N/A</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8-5M_No.412" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna E-8-5M No.412">E-8-5M No.412</a></td> <td></td> <td>Sample return</td> <td>16 October 1975</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Launch failure</td> <td>Failed to orbit, intended to return a sample from <a href="/wiki/Mare_Crisium" title="Mare Crisium">Mare Crisium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">Luna 24</a></td> <td>E-8-5M No.413</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-24_3_(24432633921)_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-24_3_%2824432633921%29_cropped.jpg/100px-%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-24_3_%2824432633921%29_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-24_3_%2824432633921%29_cropped.jpg/150px-%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-24_3_%2824432633921%29_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-24_3_%2824432633921%29_cropped.jpg/200px-%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0-24_3_%2824432633921%29_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="1150" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td>Sample return</td> <td>9 August 1976</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful</td> <td>Landed in <a href="/wiki/Mare_Crisium" title="Mare Crisium">Mare Crisium</a> (12.25 N, 62.20 E) at 02:00 UTC on 18 August 1976. Sample returned to Earth on 22 August 1976 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_programme&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/22px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/34px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/45px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna (rocket)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Soviet crewed lunar programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger program</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_programme&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAmy_Shira_Teitel2017" class="citation news cs1">Amy Shira Teitel (13 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/how-russia-beat-the-us-to-the-moon">"How Russia Beat the U.S. to the Moon"</a>. <i>Daily Beast</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=How+Russia+Beat+the+U.S.+to+the+Moon&rft.date=2017-04-13&rft.au=Amy+Shira+Teitel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fhow-russia-beat-the-us-to-the-moon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+programme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZak" class="citation web cs1">Zak, Anatoly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_planetary_lunar.html">"Planetary Spacecraft – Moon Missions"</a>. <i>RussianSpaceWeb.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RussianSpaceWeb.com&rft.atitle=Planetary+Spacecraft+%E2%80%93+Moon+Missions&rft.aulast=Zak&rft.aufirst=Anatoly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.russianspaceweb.com%2Fspacecraft_planetary_lunar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+programme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170123021722/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000316255.pdf">"Comparison of US and Estimated Soviet Expenditures for Space Programs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CIA</i>. August 1964. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000316255.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+US+and+Estimated+Soviet+Expenditures+for+Space+Programs&rft.date=1964-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FDOC_0000316255.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+programme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-USGDP-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-USGDP_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnstonWilliamson2023" class="citation web cs1">Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/usgdp/">"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=What+Was+the+U.S.+GDP+Then%3F&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.au=Williamson%2C+Samuel+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.measuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fusgdp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+programme" class="Z3988"></span> United States <a href="/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product_deflator" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Domestic Product deflator">Gross Domestic Product deflator</a> figures follow the <i>MeasuringWorth</i> series. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.russianspaceweb.com/luna-glob-flight.html">"Luna-Glob mission lifts off"</a>. <i>www.russianspaceweb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.russianspaceweb.com&rft.atitle=Luna-Glob+mission+lifts+off&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.russianspaceweb.com%2Fluna-glob-flight.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+programme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/luna_e1.htm">"Luna Ye-1"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft.atitle=Luna+Ye-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Fluna_e1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+programme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/luna_e1a.htm">"Luna Ye-1A"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft.atitle=Luna+Ye-1A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Fluna_e1a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+programme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-siddiqi1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-siddiqi1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siddiqi1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqi2018" class="citation book cs1">Siddiqi, Asif A. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf"><i>Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958–2016</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The NASA history series (second ed.). Washington, D.C.: NASA History Program Office. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781626830424" title="Special:BookSources/9781626830424"><bdi>9781626830424</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2017059404">2017059404</a>. SP2018-4041.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Earth%3A+A+Chronicle+of+Deep+Space+Exploration%2C+1958%E2%80%932016&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=The+NASA+history+series&rft.pages=1&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=NASA+History+Program+Office&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2017059404&rft.isbn=9781626830424&rft.aulast=Siddiqi&rft.aufirst=Asif+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fatoms%2Ffiles%2Fbeyond-earth-tagged.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+programme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-siddiqi2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-siddiqi2_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siddiqi2_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siddiqi2_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siddiqi2_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siddiqi2_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqi2018" class="citation book cs1">Siddiqi, Asif A. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf"><i>Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958–2016</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The NASA history series (second ed.). Washington, D.C.: NASA History Program Office. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781626830424" title="Special:BookSources/9781626830424"><bdi>9781626830424</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2017059404">2017059404</a>. SP2018-4041.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Earth%3A+A+Chronicle+of+Deep+Space+Exploration%2C+1958%E2%80%932016&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=The+NASA+history+series&rft.pages=2&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=NASA+History+Program+Office&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2017059404&rft.isbn=9781626830424&rft.aulast=Siddiqi&rft.aufirst=Asif+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fatoms%2Ffiles%2Fbeyond-earth-tagged.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+programme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/luna_e2a.htm">"Luna Ye-2A"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft.atitle=Luna+Ye-2A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Fluna_e2a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+programme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/luna_e3.htm">"Luna Ye-3"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft.atitle=Luna+Ye-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Fluna_e3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+programme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/luna_e6.htm">"Luna Ye-6"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft.atitle=Luna+Ye-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Fluna_e6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+programme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/luna_e6m.htm">"Luna Ye-6M"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft.atitle=Luna+Ye-6M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Fluna_e6m.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+programme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/luna_e6lf.htm">"Luna Ye-6LF"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gunter%27s+Space+Page&rft.atitle=Luna+Ye-6LS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_sdat%2Fluna_e6ls.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuna+programme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/luna_e6s.htm">"Luna Ye-6S"</a>. <i>Gunter's Space Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Luna_programme" title="Template:Luna programme"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Luna_programme" title="Template talk:Luna programme"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Luna_programme" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Luna programme"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Luna_programme63" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luna programme</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impactors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-1_No.1" title="Luna E-1 No.1">Luna E-1 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-1_No.2" title="Luna E-1 No.2">Luna E-1 No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-1_No.3" title="Luna E-1 No.3">Luna E-1 No.3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">Luna 1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-1A_No.1" title="Luna E-1A No.1">Luna E-1A No.1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">Luna 2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flyby</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">Luna 3</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-3_No.1" title="Luna E-3 No.1">Luna E-3 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-3_No.2" title="Luna E-3 No.2">Luna E-3 No.2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lander</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.2" title="Luna E-6 No.2">Luna E-6 No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.3" title="Luna E-6 No.3">Luna E-6 No.3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_4" title="Luna 4">Luna 4</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.6" title="Luna E-6 No.6">Luna E-6 No.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.5" title="Luna E-6 No.5">Luna E-6 No.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_60" title="Kosmos 60">Kosmos 60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6_No.8" title="Luna E-6 No.8">Luna E-6 No.8</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_5" title="Luna 5">Luna 5</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_6" title="Luna 6">Luna 6</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_7" title="Luna 7">Luna 7</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_8" title="Luna 8">Luna 8</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_13" title="Luna 13">Luna 13</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orbiter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_111" title="Kosmos 111">Kosmos 111</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_11" title="Luna 11">Luna 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_12" title="Luna 12">Luna 12</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-6LS_No.112" title="Luna E-6LS No.112">Luna E-6LS No.112</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_14" title="Luna 14">Luna 14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_19" title="Luna 19">Luna 19</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_22" title="Luna 22">Luna 22</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sample Return</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8-5_No._402" title="Luna E-8-5 No. 402">Luna E-8-5 No. 402</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">Luna 15</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_300" title="Kosmos 300">Kosmos 300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_305" title="Kosmos 305">Kosmos 305</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8-5_No._405" title="Luna E-8-5 No. 405">Luna E-8-5 No. 405</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">Luna 16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_18" title="Luna 18">Luna 18</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">Luna 20</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_23" title="Luna 23">Luna 23</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8-5M_No._412" title="Luna E-8-5M No. 412">Luna E-8-5M No. 412</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">Luna 24</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rover</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8_No.201" title="Luna E-8 No.201">Luna E-8 No.201</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">Luna 17</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">Luna 21</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon302" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon302" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Spacecraft missions</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Exploration</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chang'e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Japanese Lunar Exploration Program">Japanese Lunar Exploration Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute" title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute">South Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Korean Lunar Exploration Program">Korean Lunar Exploration Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Crewed</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Active<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS#ARTEMIS" title="THEMIS">ARTEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao 1 and 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICUBE-Q" title="ICUBE-Q">ICUBE-Q</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Landers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ghost_Mission_1" title="Blue Ghost Mission 1">Blue Ghost Mission 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R Mission 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Rovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">TENACIOUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArgoMoon" title="ArgoMoon">ArgoMoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Past<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">List of Apollo astronauts</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">10</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)" title="Clementine (spacecraft)">Clementine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_35" title="Explorer 35">Explorer 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_49" title="Explorer 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_11" title="Luna 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_12" title="Luna 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_14" title="Luna 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_19" title="Luna 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_22" title="Luna 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_1" title="Lunar Orbiter 1">Lunar Orbiter 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_2" title="Lunar Orbiter 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_3" title="Lunar Orbiter 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_4" title="Lunar Orbiter 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_5" title="Lunar Orbiter 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15#Lunar_subsatellite" title="Apollo 15">PFS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16#Lunar_subsatellite_PFS-2" title="Apollo 16">PFS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_that_impacted_the_Moon" title="Category:Spacecraft that impacted the Moon">Impactors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LCROSS" title="LCROSS">LCROSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">Luna 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Impact_Probe" title="Moon Impact Probe">Moon Impact Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_4" title="Ranger 4">Ranger 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_6" title="Ranger 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_7" title="Ranger 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_8" title="Ranger 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_9" title="Ranger 9">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Landers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></i> ×6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_13" title="Luna 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_23" title="Luna 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_1" title="Surveyor 1">Surveyor 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_3" title="Surveyor 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_5" title="Surveyor 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_6" title="Surveyor 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_7" title="Surveyor 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EagleCam" class="mw-redirect" title="EagleCam">EagleCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_rover" title="Lunar rover">Rovers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_1" title="Lunokhod 1">Lunokhod 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_2" title="Lunokhod 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)">Pragyan 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_1" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_2" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sora-Q" title="Sora-Q">Sora-Q</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Jinchan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">Sample return</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">Luna 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Failed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Lunar_Mission" title="Emirates Lunar Mission">Emirates Lunar Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_5" title="Luna 5">Luna 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_7" title="Luna 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_8" title="Luna 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_18" title="Luna 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_2" title="Surveyor 2">Surveyor 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_4" title="Surveyor 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2#Vikram_lander" title="Chandrayaan-2">Vikram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lunar_flybys" title="Category:Lunar flybys">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Memorial_Moon_Mission" title="Manfred Memorial Moon Mission">4M</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">Luna 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_4" title="Luna 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_6" title="Luna 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Hydrogen_Mapper" title="Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper">LunaH-Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Flashlight" title="Lunar Flashlight">Lunar Flashlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_IceCube" title="Lunar IceCube">Lunar IceCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunIR" title="LunIR">LunIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_10" title="Mariner 10">Mariner 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">NEA Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_4" title="Pioneer 4">Pioneer 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_5" title="Ranger 5">Ranger 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_3" title="Zond 3">Zond 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_5" title="Zond 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_6" title="Zond 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_7" title="Zond 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_8" title="Zond 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAS-22" title="PAS-22">PAS-22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Planned<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">II</a></i> (2026)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">III</a></i> (2027)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">IV</a></i> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">V</a></i> (2030)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IM-2" title="IM-2">IM-2</a> (2025) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Trailblazer" title="Lunar Trailblazer">Lunar Trailblazer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">26</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">27</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">28</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 29 (page does not exist)">29</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 30 (page does not exist)">30</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 31 (page does not exist)">31</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">CLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">8</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-4" title="Chandrayaan-4">4</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">5 (LUPEX)</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Korean Lunar Exploration Program">KLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_lunar_lander" title="Korean lunar lander">Korean lunar lander</a> (2032)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet_2" title="Beresheet 2">Beresheet 2</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">ispace M3</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Pathfinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Pathfinder">Lunar Pathfinder</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY<sup>+</sup></a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cislunar_Explorers" title="Cislunar Explorers">Cislunar Explorers</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Escape_Explorer" title="Earth Escape Explorer">CU-E<sup>3</sup></a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Rovers" title="Astrobotic Technology">MoonRanger</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonaut_(lunar_lander)" title="Argonaut (lunar lander)">Argonaut M1</a> (2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Proposed<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Robotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Transportation_Systems" title="Planetary Transportation Systems">ALINA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draper_Laboratory#Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Draper Laboratory">Artemis-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOLAS_(spacecraft)" title="BOLAS (spacecraft)">BOLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garat%C3%A9a-L" title="Garatéa-L">Garatéa-L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISOCHRON_(spacecraft)" title="ISOCHRON (spacecraft)">ISOCHRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunaNet" title="LunaNet">LunaNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Crater_Radio_Telescope" title="Lunar Crater Radio Telescope">Lunar Crater Radio Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCandless_Lunar_Lander" title="McCandless Lunar Lander">McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Diver_(spacecraft)" title="Moon Diver (spacecraft)">Moon Diver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DSE-Alpha" title="DSE-Alpha">DSE-Alpha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Lunar_Lander" title="Boeing Lunar Lander">Boeing Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Lunar_Lander" title="Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander">Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Station" title="Lunar Orbital Station">Lunar Orbital Station</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Cancelled /<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Altair_(spacecraft)" title="Altair (spacecraft)">Altair</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_1" title="Baden-Württemberg 1">Baden-Württemberg 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DearMoon_project" title="DearMoon project">#dearMoon project</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Lunar_Explorer" title="European Lunar Explorer">European Lunar Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Lunar_Outpost" title="First Lunar Outpost">First Lunar Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Network" title="International Lunar Network">International Lunar Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEO_(spacecraft)" title="LEO (spacecraft)">LEO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LK_(spacecraft)" title="LK (spacecraft)">LK</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">Lunar-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lunar Lander (spacecraft)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Mission_One" title="Lunar Mission One">Lunar Mission One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Lunar Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunokhod 3">Lunokhod 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonLITE" title="MoonLITE">MoonLITE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonRise" title="MoonRise">MoonRise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Harvest_Moon" title="Project Harvest Moon">Project Harvest Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospector_(spacecraft)" title="Prospector (spacecraft)">Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Prospector_(rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource Prospector (rover)">Resource Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE-2" title="SELENE-2">SELENE-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrselena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrselena">Ukrselena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems#XL-1" title="Masten Space Systems">XL-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(rover)" title="VIPER (rover)">VIPER</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon" title="Colonization of the Moon">Colonization of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Google Lunar X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">List of lunar probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon" title="List of artificial objects on the Moon">List of artificial objects on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_species_that_have_landed_on_the_Moon" title="List of species that have landed on the Moon">List of species that have landed on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">Lunar resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings" title="Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings">Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_anniversaries" title="Apollo 11 anniversaries">Apollo 11 anniversaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crewed_lunar_landers" title="List of crewed lunar landers">List of crewed lunar landers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><div> <ul><li>Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soviet_space_probes129" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USSR_space_probes" title="Template:USSR space probes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USSR_space_probes" title="Template talk:USSR space probes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USSR_space_probes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USSR space probes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_space_probes129" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space probes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Earth satellites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(satellite)" title="Kosmos (satellite)">Kosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(satellite)" title="Molniya (satellite)">Molniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(satellite)" title="Zenit (satellite)">Zenit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bion_(satellite)" title="Bion (satellite)">Bion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLONASS" title="GLONASS">GLONASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_(satellite)" title="Meteor (satellite)">Meteor</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1956%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281956%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="605" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space observatories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion (spacecraft instrument)">Orion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astron_(spacecraft)" title="Astron (spacecraft)">Astron</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prognoz_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prognoz (satellite)">Prognoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELIKT-1" title="RELIKT-1">RELIKT-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luna</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod rovers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venera" title="Venera">Venera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_program" title="Vega program">Vega</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_program" title="Mars program">Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_program" title="Phobos program">Fobos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1MV" title="1MV">1MV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MV" title="2MV">2MV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3MV" title="3MV">3MV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-69_(spacecraft)" title="M-69 (spacecraft)">2M/M69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4MV" title="4MV">4MV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5VK" title="5VK">5VK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soviet_and_Russian_space_program317" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_space_program" title="Template:Russian space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_space_program" title="Template talk:Russian space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_and_Russian_space_program317" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian space program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a> <small>(in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Dombarovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapustin_Yar" title="Kapustin Yar">Kapustin Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svobodny_Cosmodrome" title="Svobodny Cosmodrome">Svobodny Cosmodrome</a> <small>(defunct)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny Cosmodrome</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg/80px-Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg/120px-Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg/160px-Roscosmos_logo_ru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="325" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara_(rocket_family)" title="Angara (rocket family)">Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_programme" title="Vostok programme">Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_programme" title="Voskhod programme">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Salyut program">Salyut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a> <small>(incorporated into Salyut program)</small> / <a href="/wiki/TKS_(spacecraft)" title="TKS (spacecraft)">TKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Soyuz-Apollo</a> <small>(joint)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle–Mir Program">Shuttle–Mir</a> <small>(joint)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Buran_programme" title="Buran programme">Buran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond (7K-L1)</a> <small>(Moon flyby)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Soviet crewed lunar programs</a> <small>(Moon landing)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(moonbase)" title="Zvezda (moonbase)">Zvezda</a> <small>(moonbase)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMK" title="TMK">TMK</a> <small>(Mars/Venus flyby)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-105" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105">Spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Soyuz#Soyuz_7K-VI_Zvezda" title="Military Soyuz">Zvezda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarya_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zarya (spacecraft)">Zarya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAKS_(spacecraft)" title="MAKS (spacecraft)">MAKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliper" title="Kliper">Kliper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> <small>(joint)</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Segment" title="Russian Orbital Segment">Russian Orbital Segment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_programme" title="Soyuz programme">Soyuz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orel_(spacecraft)" title="Orel (spacecraft)">Orel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dnepropetrovsk_Sputnik" title="Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik">Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik</a> (1961–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prognoz_programme" title="Prognoz programme">Prognoz</a> (1972–1996)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luna</a> (1958–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera" title="Venera">Venera</a> (1961–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond</a> (1964–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astron_(spacecraft)" title="Astron (spacecraft)">Astron</a> (1983-1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_program" title="Vega program">Vega</a> (1984-1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_program" title="Phobos program">Phobos</a> <small>(failed)</small> (1988-1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a> (1989-1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_(satellite)" title="Gamma (satellite)">Gamma</a> (1990-1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a> <small>(failed)</small> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurs-DK_No.1" title="Resurs-DK No.1">Resurs-DK No.1</a> (2006-2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORONAS_programme" title="CORONAS programme">CORONAS</a> (1994-2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a> <small>(failed)</small> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-R" title="Spektr-R">Spektr-R</a> (2011–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">Luna 25</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(failed)</span> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kazachok" title="Kazachok">Kazachok</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bion_(satellite)" title="Bion (satellite)">Bion-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektro%E2%80%93L" title="Elektro–L">Elektro–L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">Trace Gas Orbiter</a> <small>(joint)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_(satellite)" title="Meteor (satellite)">Meteor-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurs-P" title="Resurs-P">Resurs-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-RG" title="Spektr-RG">Spektr-RG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">Luna 26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">Luna 27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">Luna 28</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-UV" title="Spektr-UV">Spektr-UV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnik programme">Sputnik</a> (begun 1957) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_2" title="Sputnik 2">Sputnik 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_3" title="Sputnik 3">Sputnik 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_41" title="Sputnik 41">Sputnik 41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_99" title="Sputnik 99">Sputnik 99</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luch_(satellite)" title="Luch (satellite)">Luch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Deep_Space_Network" title="Soviet Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baikal_(rocket_booster)" title="Baikal (rocket booster)">Baikal-Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laplace-P" title="Laplace-P">Laplace-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars-Grunt" title="Mars-Grunt">Mars-Grunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-P" title="Mercury-P">Mercury-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Piloted_Assembly_and_Experiment_Complex" title="Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex">OPSEK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-M" title="Spektr-M">Spektr-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera-D" title="Venera-D">Venera-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfera_(satellite_constellation)" title="Sfera (satellite constellation)">Sfera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Images and artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">Mission patches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cosmonauts" title="List of cosmonauts">List of cosmonauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Cosmonaut ranks and positions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pilot-Cosmonaut_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation">Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_dogs" title="Soviet space dogs">Soviet space dogs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laika" title="Laika">Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belka_and_Strelka" title="Belka and Strelka">Belka and Strelka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_dogs#Veterok_and_Ugolyok" title="Soviet space dogs">Veterok and Ugolyok</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ivanovich_(Vostok_programme)" title="Ivan Ivanovich (Vostok programme)">Ivan Ivanovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_exploration_history_on_Soviet_stamps" title="Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps">Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmonauts_Alley" title="Cosmonauts Alley">Cosmonauts Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Conquerors_of_Space" title="Monument to the Conquerors of Space">Monument to the Conquerors of Space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Museum_of_Cosmonautics" title="Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics">Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_the_Present" title="Out of the Present">Out of the Present</a></i> (1995 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission_to_Mir" title="Mission to Mir">Mission to Mir</a></i> (1997 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_Russia" title="Space industry of Russia">Space industry of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Defence_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Defence Forces">Russian Aerospace Defence Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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