Error

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" class="js svg"> <head> <title>Error</title> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <script>(function (e) { var t = e.documentElement, n = e.implementation; t.className = 'js'; if (n && n.hasFeature('http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Image', '1.1')) { t.className += ' svg' } })(document)</script> <script>window.dataLayer = [{page: {attributes: {featureFlags: []}}, version: "0.1.0-prealpha"}];</script>  <script> var onetrustHash; if (window.location.host.indexOf("staging") > -1) { onetrustHash = '47d8c237-66cd-450e-972c-f1dea928933b-test'; } else { onetrustHash = 'd4445a99-06de-4d76-8027-1356d42e5c9d'; } (function(w,d,t) { function cc() { var e = d.createElement(t), s = d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0]; e.src = 'https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js'; e.setAttribute('data-domain-script', onetrustHash); s.parentNode.insertBefore(e, s); } w.google_tag_manager ? cc() : window.addEventListener('gtm_loaded', cc); })(window,document,'script'); </script> <script> function OptanonWrapper() { window.dataLayer.push({event:'OneTrustGroupsUpdated'}); } </script>    <script> (function () { if ( typeof window.CustomEvent === "function" ) return false; function CustomEvent ( event, params ) { params = params || { bubbles: false, cancelable: false, detail: null }; var evt = document.createEvent( 'CustomEvent' ); evt.initCustomEvent( event, params.bubbles, params.cancelable, params.detail ); return evt; } window.CustomEvent = CustomEvent; })(); (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'}); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; // this is custom added - see https://www.simoahava.com/analytics/notify-page-google-tag-manager-loaded/ }} j.addEventListener('load', function() { var _ge = new CustomEvent('gtm_loaded', { bubbles: true }); d.dispatchEvent(_ge); }); f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-NWDMT9Q'); </script>  <script src="https://www.nature.com/"></script> <link rel="preload" href=/themes/nature/fonts/HardingText-Regular-Web.b167e675dc.woff2 as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.googleapis.com"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href=/themes/nature/favicons/apple-touch-icon.f39cb19454.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href=/themes/nature/favicons/favicon-32x32.3fe59ece92.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href=/themes/nature/favicons/favicon-16x16.951651ab72.png> <link rel="manifest" href=/themes/nature/favicons/manifest.1a481c42b1.json> <link rel="mask-icon" href=/themes/nature/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.69bff48fe6.svg color="#000000"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href=/themes/nature/favicons/favicon.62367f778b.ico> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#000000"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content=/static/browserconfig.e35b3b052c.xml> <meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"> <meta name="application-name" content="Nature"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=5,user-scalable=yes"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=2.5,user-scalable=yes"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/nature150-grade-c.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" class="js-ctm" type="text/css" href="/nature150-main.css" media="only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0) and (min-color-index:0), (-ms-high-contrast: none), only all and (min--moz-device-pixel-ratio:0) and (min-resolution: 3e1dpcm)"> <style>/* Brand background colors */ .app-header--brand-border { border-bottom: 5px solid #000; } </style>  <style type="text/css" id="qual_style-co0"></style> <style type="text/css" id="qual_style-cgk"></style> </head> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"/> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"/> </head> <body> <header class="c-header" data-header> <div class="c-header__row c-header__row-border"> <div class="c-header__container"> <div class="c-header__split"> <a href="https://www.nature.com/nature" data-track="click" data-track-action="home" data-track-category="nature-150-split-header" data-track-label="image"> <picture class="c-header__logo"> <source srcset="/themes/nature/nature-portfolio-primary.svg" media="(min-width: 769px)"> <img src="/themes/nature/nature-portfolio-smaller.svg" alt="logo name"> </picture> </a> <ul class="c-header__menu c-header__site-navigation c-header__site-navigation--border-left"> <li class="c-header__item"> <div class="c-header__nature-research"> <a class="c-header__link" href="https://www.nature.com/siteindex" data-track="click" data-track-category="nature-150-split-header" data-track-action="open nature research index" data-track-label="link"> <span>View all Nature Research journals</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="c-header__item c-header__item--pipe"> <a class="c-header__link" href="#search-menu" data-header-expander> <span>Search</span> <svg role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="22" width="22" viewBox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16.48 15.455c.283.282.29.749.007 1.032a.738.738 0 01-1.032-.007l-3.045-3.044a7 7 0 111.026-1.026zM8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12z"></path></svg> </a> </li> <li class="c-header__item"> <a href="/login/natureuser" id="login-button" class="c-header__link placeholder" data-test="login-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="login" data-track-category="nature-150-split-header" data-track-label="link"> <span>Login</span><svg role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="22" width="22" viewBox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10.238 16.905a7.96 7.96 0 003.53-1.48c-.874-2.514-2.065-3.936-3.768-4.319V9.83a3.001 3.001 0 10-2 0v1.277c-1.703.383-2.894 1.805-3.767 4.319A7.96 7.96 0 009 17c.419 0 .832-.032 1.238-.095zm4.342-2.172a8 8 0 10-11.16 0c.757-2.017 1.84-3.608 3.49-4.322a4 4 0 114.182 0c1.649.714 2.731 2.305 3.488 4.322zM9 18A9 9 0 119 0a9 9 0 010 18z" fill="#333" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div role="main" class="position-relative" data-test="middle-containers"> <div class="content mq1200-padded"> <h1 class="mt10 mb30">Sorry, there was an error!</h1> <div class="card clear cleared mb30"> <div class="grid clear cleared position-relative block pa5 mq875-grid-12 mq875-grid-left-clear"> <p class="serif mb0" id="errorDescription">We will not proceed with this request because the location you are being redirected to is not recognised by us.</p> </div> </div> <div class="card clear cleared mb30"> <div class="grid grid-10 grid-left-1 mq875-grid-12 mq875-ml0 mq640-pb30"> <form action="https://www.nature.com/search/submit" method="post" role="search" autocomplete="off" class="mq875-pr20 mq875-pl20" data-track="submit" data-track-source="search-submit" data-track-dest-fields="q" data-test="search-form"> <div class="position-relative"> <div class="background-gray-medium cleared"> <div class="search-input-box background-white cleared"> <div class="search-input-layout pin-left grid-12"> <div class="search-input-field pr4 serif"> <label for="keywords-404" class="visually-hidden" data-test="search-keywords-label"> Search nature.com </label> <input type="search" id="keywords-404" class="serif" name="q" value="" placeholder="Search nature.com" data-test="search-keywords"> </div> </div> <span class="search-input-suffix inline-block text13 equalize-line-height text-right"> <span class="search-input-suffix-inner block"> <a href="https://www.nature.com/search/advanced" data-test="search-suffix-link" class="color-blue" data-track="click" data-track-source="" data-track-dest="link:/search/advanced" data-track-dl="1"> advanced </a> </span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="position-absolute search-input-btn"> <button id="search-button" type="submit" class="icon icon-center search-btn" data-test="search-submit"> Search </button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div role="contentinfo" data-test="bottom-containers"> <div id="search-menu" data-header="true" class="c-header-expander c-header-expander--tray parent-2 u-hide-print" data-track-component="nature-150-split-header"> <div class="c-header-expander__container"> <h2 class="u-visually-hidden">Search</h2> <div data-test="inline-search"> <div class="c-header-expander__keyline u-mb-16"> <form action="https://www.nature.com/search/submit" method="get" role="search" class="c-header-expander__form" autocomplete="off" data-dynamic-track-label data-track="submit" data-track-action="search" data-track-label="form"> <label class="c-header-expander__heading" for="keywords">Article Search</label> <div class="c-form-field u-display-flex"> <input type="text" class="c-form-field__input u-flex-shrink" id="keywords" name="q" value="" placeholder="Search by keywords or author" data-test="search-keywords"> <button type="submit" class="c-button c-button--contrast u-flex-static u-ml-8" data-test="search-submit">Search</button> </div> <p class="u-ma-0"> <a href="/search/advanced" data-track="click" data-track-action="advanced search" data-track-label="link"> Advanced search </a> </p> </form> </div> <div class="c-header-expander__keyline"> <h3 class="c-header-expander__heading">Quick links</h3> <ul class="u-list-reset"> <li class="u-display-inline-block u-mr-24"><a href="/subjects" data-track="click" data-track-action="explore articles by subject" data-track-label="link">Explore articles by subject</a></li> <li class="u-display-inline-block u-mr-24"><a href="/naturecareers" data-track="click" data-track-action="find a job" data-track-label="link">Find a job</a></li> <li class="u-display-inline-block u-mr-24"><a href="/authors/index.html" data-track="click" data-track-action="guide to authors" data-track-label="link">Guide to authors</a></li> <li class="u-display-inline-block u-mr-24"><a href="/authors/editorial_policies/" data-track="click" data-track-action="editorial policies" data-track-label="link">Editorial policies</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer role="contentinfo" class="composite-layer"> <div class="u-mt-16 u-mb-16"> <div class="u-container"> <div class="u-display-flex u-flex-wrap u-justify-content-space-between"> <p class="c-meta u-ma-0"> <span aria-level="2" class="c-meta__item" itemprop="name"> Nature </span> <span class="c-meta__item"> <abbr title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</abbr> <span itemprop="issn">1476-4687</span> (online) </span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical"> <meta itemprop="publisher" content="Springer Nature"> <div class="c-footer"> <div class="u-container"> <div class="u-hide-print" data-track-component="footer"> <h2 aria-level="2" class="u-visually-hidden">nature.com sitemap</h2> <div class="c-footer__header"> <div class="c-footer__logo"> <img alt="Nature Research" src="/themes/nature/nature-portfolio-white.svg" loading="lazy" width="200" height="26"> </div> <ul class="c-menu c-menu--inherit u-mr-32"> <li class="c-menu__item"><a class="c-menu__link" href="https://www.nature.com/npg_/company_info/index.html" data-track="click" data-track-action="about us" data-track-label="link">About us</a></li> <li class="c-menu__item"><a class="c-menu__link" href="https://www.nature.com/npg_/press_room/press_releases.html" data-track="click" data-track-action="press releases" data-track-label="link">Press releases</a></li> <li class="c-menu__item"><a class="c-menu__link" href="https://press.nature.com/" data-track="click" data-track-action="press office" data-track-label="link">Press office</a></li> <li class="c-menu__item"><a class="c-menu__link" href="https://support.nature.com/support/home" data-track="click" data-track-action="contact us" data-track-label="link">Contact us</a></li> </ul> <ul class="c-menu c-menu--inherit"> <li class="c-menu__item"> <a class="c-menu__link" href="https://www.facebook.com/nature/" aria-label="Nature on Facebook" data-track="click" data-track-action="facebook" data-track-label="link"> <svg class="u-icon u-mt-2 u-mb-2" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M2.5 20C1.1 20 0 18.9 0 17.5v-15C0 1.1 1.1 0 2.5 0h15C18.9 0 20 1.1 20 2.5v15c0 1.4-1.1 2.5-2.5 2.5h-3.7v-7.7h2.6l.4-3h-3v-2c0-.9.2-1.5 1.5-1.5h1.6V3.1c-.3 0-1.2-.1-2.3-.1-2.3 0-3.9 1.4-3.9 4v2.2H8.1v3h2.6V20H2.5z"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="c-menu__item"> <a class="c-menu__link" href="https://twitter.com/nresearchnews?lang=en" aria-label="Nature on Twitter" data-track="click" data-track-action="twitter" data-track-label="link"> <svg class="u-icon" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M17.6 4.1c.8-.5 1.5-1.4 1.8-2.4-.8.5-1.7.9-2.6 1-.7-.8-1.8-1.4-3-1.4-2.3 0-4.1 1.9-4.1 4.3 0 .3 0 .7.1 1-3.4 0-6.4-1.8-8.4-4.4C1 2.9.8 3.6.8 4.4c0 1.5.7 2.8 1.8 3.6C2 8 1.4 7.8.8 7.5v.1c0 2.1 1.4 3.8 3.3 4.2-.3.1-.7.2-1.1.2-.3 0-.5 0-.8-.1.5 1.7 2 3 3.8 3-1.3 1.1-3.1 1.8-5 1.8-.3 0-.7 0-1-.1 1.8 1.2 4 1.9 6.3 1.9C13.8 18.6 18 12 18 6.3v-.6c.8-.6 1.5-1.4 2-2.2-.7.3-1.5.5-2.4.6z"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="c-menu__item"> <a class="c-menu__link" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvCLdSgYdSTpWcOgEJgi-ng" aria-label="Nature on YouTube" data-track="click" data-track-action="youtube" data-track-label="link"> <svg class="u-icon" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M7.9 12.6V6.9l5.4 2.8c0 .1-5.4 2.9-5.4 2.9zM19.8 6s-.2-1.4-.8-2c-.8-.8-1.6-.8-2-.9-2.8-.2-7-.2-7-.2s-4.2 0-7 .2c-.4 0-1.2 0-2 .9-.6.6-.8 2-.8 2S0 7.6 0 9.2v1.5c0 1.7.2 3.3.2 3.3s.2 1.4.8 2c.8.8 1.8.8 2.2.9 1.6.1 6.8.2 6.8.2s4.2 0 7-.2c.4 0 1.2-.1 2-.9.6-.6.8-2 .8-2s.2-1.6.2-3.3V9.2c0-1.6-.2-3.2-.2-3.2z"/></svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="c-footer__grid"> <div class="c-footer__group"> <h3 class="c-footer__heading">Discover content</h3> <ul class="c-footer__list"> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/siteindex" data-track="click" data-track-action="journals a-z" data-track-label="link">Journals A-Z</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/subjects/" data-track="click" data-track-action="article by subject" data-track-label="link">Articles by subject</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://nano.nature.com/" data-track="click" data-track-action="nano" data-track-label="link">Nano</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/protocolexchange/" data-track="click" data-track-action="protocol exchange" data-track-label="link">Protocol Exchange</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.natureindex.com/" data-track="click" data-track-action="nature index" data-track-label="link">Nature Index</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="c-footer__group"> <h3 class="c-footer__heading">Publish with us</h3> <ul class="c-footer__list"> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/authors/author_resources/index.html" data-track="click" data-track-action="guide to authors" data-track-label="link">Guide to Authors</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/authors/peer_review/" data-track="click" data-track-action="guide to referees" data-track-label="link">Guide to Referees</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/" data-track="click" data-track-action="editorial policies" data-track-label="link">Editorial policies</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="http://www.nature.com/openresearch/publishing-with-npg/" data-track="click" data-track-action="open access" data-track-label="link">Open access</a></li> <li ><a href="https://www.nature.com/reprints/" data-track="click" data-track-action="reprints and permissions" data-track-label="link">Reprints & permissions</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="c-footer__group"> <h3 class="c-footer__heading">Researcher services</h3> <ul class="c-footer__list"> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors/research-data" data-track="click" data-track-action="data research service" data-track-label="link">Research data</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://authorservices.springernature.com/go/nr" data-track="click" data-track-action="language editing" data-track-label="link">Language editing</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://authorservices.springernature.com/scientific-editing/" data-track="click" data-track-action="scientific editing" data-track-label="link">Scientific editing</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://masterclasses.nature.com/" data-track="click" data-track-action="nature masterclasses" data-track-label="link">Nature Masterclasses</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://partnerships.nature.com/product/researcher-training/" data-track="click" data-track-action="nature research academies" data-track-label="link">Nature Research Academies</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="c-footer__group"> <h3 class="c-footer__heading">Libraries & institutions</h3> <ul class="c-footer__list"> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/tools-services" data-track="click" data-track-action="librarian service and tools" data-track-label="link">Librarian service & tools</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/manage-your-account/librarianportal" data-track="click" data-track-action="librarian portal" data-track-label="link">Librarian portal</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="http://www.nature.com/openresearch/about-open-access/information-for-institutions/" data-track="click" data-track-action="open research" data-track-label="link">Open research</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="c-footer__group"> <h3 class="c-footer__heading">Advertising & partnerships</h3> <ul class="c-footer__list"> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://partnerships.nature.com/product/digital-advertising/" data-track="click" data-track-action="advertising" data-track-label="link">Advertising</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://partnerships.nature.com/" data-track="click" data-track-action="partnerships and services" data-track-label="link">Partnerships & Services</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://partnerships.nature.com/media-kits/" data-track="click" data-track-action="media kits" data-track-label="link">Media kits</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://partnerships.nature.com/product/branded-content-native-advertising/" data-track-action="branded content" data-track-label="link">Branded content</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="c-footer__group"> <h3 class="c-footer__heading">Career development</h3> <ul class="c-footer__list"> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/naturecareers" data-track="click" data-track-action="nature careers" data-track-label="link">Nature Careers</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/natureconferences/" data-track="click" data-track-action="nature conferences" data-track-label="link">Nature<span class="visually-hidden"> </span> Conferences</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/natureevents/" data-track="click" data-track-action="nature events" data-track-label="link">Nature<span class="visually-hidden"> </span> events</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="c-footer__group"> <h3 class="c-footer__heading">Regional websites</h3> <ul class="c-footer__list"> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="http://www.naturechina.com" data-track="click" data-track-action="nature china" data-track-label="link">Nature China</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/nindia" data-track="click" data-track-action="nature india" data-track-label="link">Nature India</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.natureasia.com/ja-jp/" data-track="click" data-track-action="nature japan" data-track-label="link">Nature Japan</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.natureasia.com/ko-kr/" data-track="click" data-track-action="nature korea" data-track-label="link">Nature Korea</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/nmiddleeast/" data-track="click" data-track-action="nature middle east" data-track-label="link">Nature Middle East</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="c-footer__group"> <h3 class="c-footer__heading">Legal & Privacy</h3> <ul class="c-footer__list"> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/info/privacy" data-track="click" data-track-action="privacy policy" data-track-label="link">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/info/cookies.html" data-track="click" data-track-action="use of cookies" data-track-label="link">Use of cookies</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="optanon-toggle-display" href="javascript:;" data-track="click" data-track-action="manage cookies" data-track-label="link">Manage cookies/Do not sell my data</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/info/legal_notice.html" data-track="click" data-track-action="legal notice" data-track-label="link">Legal notice</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/info/accessibility_statement.html" data-track="click" data-track-action="accessibility statement" data-track-label="link">Accessibility statement</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.nature.com/info/terms-and-conditions" data-track="click" data-track-action="terms and conditions" data-track-label="link">Terms & Conditions</a></li> <li class="c-footer__item"><a href="https://www.springernature.com/ccpa" data-track="click" data-track-action="california privacy statement" data-track-label="link">California Privacy Statement</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-corporate-footer"> <div class="u-container"> <img src="/themes/nature/sn-logo-new.svg" alt="Springer Nature" loading="lazy" width="140" height="14"/> <p class="c-corporate-footer__legal" data-test="copyright">漏 2024 Springer Nature Limited</p> </div> </div> <svg class="u-hide hide"> <symbol id="global-icon-chevron-right" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M7.782 7L5.3 4.518c-.393-.392-.4-1.022-.02-1.403a1.001 1.001 0 011.417 0l4.176 4.177a1.001 1.001 0 010 1.416l-4.176 4.177a.991.991 0 01-1.4.016 1 1 0 01.003-1.42L7.782 9l1.013-.998z" fill-rule="evenodd"/> </symbol> <symbol id="global-icon-download" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M2 14c0-.556.449-1 1.002-1h9.996a.999.999 0 110 2H3.002A1.006 1.006 0 012 14zM9 2v6.8l2.482-2.482c.392-.392 1.022-.4 1.403-.02a1.001 1.001 0 010 1.417l-4.177 4.177a1.001 1.001 0 01-1.416 0L3.115 7.715a.991.991 0 01-.016-1.4 1 1 0 011.42.003L7 8.8V2c0-.55.444-.996 1-.996.552 0 1 .445 1 .996z" fill-rule="evenodd"/> </symbol> <symbol id="global-icon-email" viewBox="0 0 18 18"> <path d="M1.995 2h14.01A2 2 0 0118 4.006v9.988A2 2 0 0116.005 16H1.995A2 2 0 010 13.994V4.006A2 2 0 011.995 2zM1 13.994A1 1 0 001.995 15h14.01A1 1 0 0017 13.994V4.006A1 1 0 0016.005 3H1.995A1 1 0 001 4.006zM9 11L2 7V5.557l7 4 7-4V7z" fill-rule="evenodd"/> </symbol> <symbol id="global-icon-institution" viewBox="0 0 18 18"> <path d="M14 8a1 1 0 011 1v6h1.5a.5.5 0 01.5.5v.5h.5a.5.5 0 01.5.5V18H0v-1.5a.5.5 0 01.5-.5H1v-.5a.5.5 0 01.5-.5H3V9a1 1 0 112 0v6h8V9a1 1 0 011-1zM6 8l2 1v4l-2 1zm6 0v6l-2-1V9zM9.573.401l7.036 4.925A.92.92 0 0116.081 7H1.92a.92.92 0 01-.528-1.674L8.427.401a1 1 0 011.146 0zM9 2.441L5.345 5h7.31z" fill-rule="evenodd"/> </symbol> <symbol id="global-icon-search" viewBox="0 0 22 22"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M21.697 20.261a1.028 1.028 0 01.01 1.448 1.034 1.034 0 01-1.448-.01l-4.267-4.267A9.812 9.811 0 010 9.812a9.812 9.811 0 1117.43 6.182zM9.812 18.222A8.41 8.41 0 109.81 1.403a8.41 8.41 0 000 16.82z"/> </symbol> </svg> </footer> <script type="text/javascript">if ('localStorage' in window) { window.SN = window.SN || {}; window.SN.staticFontLocation = "/mosaic/fonts/fonts.ebf52c94fe5942b2f9b3283d9150ebf3.woff.json"; }</script> <script>R=function(e,n,v1){function t(e,o,u,a){if(e.g)return o(e.e,e);var c=e.g=e.l,f=new XMLHttpRequest;f.onload=function(i,l){function s(){l--||o(n,e)}200==f.status||e.t?(i=[],(e.t=e.t||f.response).replace(/(?:^|[^\w\$_.])require\s*$\s*["']([^"']*)["']\s*$/g,function(e,n){i.push(n)}),l=i.length,i.map(function(o){t(r(e.l,o),s,"."!=o[0]?c+"/../":n,o)}),s()):u?t(e.n=r(u+="../",a),o,u,a):(e.e=f,o(f,e))},e.t?f.onload():(f.open("GET",c,!0),f.send())}function r(e,n,t){if(e.e)throw e.e;return n?(f.href=e,i.href="."!=n[0]?"./node_modules/"+n:n,t=i.href+".js",f.href="",u[t]=u[t]||{l:t}):e.n?r(e.n):(e[c]||(e.f||a("(function(require,"+c+",module){"+e.t+"\n})//# sourceURL="+e.l))(function(n){return r(r(e.l,n))},e[c]={},e),e[c])}function o(e,n){t(e.call?{l:"",t:""+e,f:e}:r("",e),function(t,o){try{e=r(o)}catch(u){t=u}n&&n(t,e)})}var u={},a=eval,c="createElement",f=e[c]("base"),i=e[c]("a");return e.head.appendChild(f),c=e.querySelector("script[data-main]"),c&&o(c.dataset.main),c="exports",o}(document);</script> <script src="/nature150hybrid-min.js"></script> <script src="https://verify.nature.com/verify/nature.js"></script> <noscript> <img src="https://verify.nature.com/verify/nature.png" alt="" width="0" height="0"/> </noscript> </div> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Error