CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC)</title>  <link rel="manifest" href="./manifest.json"> <meta content="The Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC) is a volunteer group of specialists in the technical security field that provides advice and insight to the ICANN community and the Board." name="description">  <base href="/"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="favicon.ico"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#008080">  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/0191ec5b-f444-7ae1-affc-c6b451de20e4/OtAutoBlock.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-language="en" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="0191ec5b-f444-7ae1-affc-c6b451de20e4"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles-TRNZ7RNG.css"><style ng-app-id="ng">.notifier-container[_ngcontent-ng-c3555896906]{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:900;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.notifier-row[_ngcontent-ng-c3555896906]{height:3rem;display:flex;justify-content:space-evenly;align-items:center;color:#fefefe;box-shadow:0 2px 5px #000000bf}.notifier-row.normal[_ngcontent-ng-c3555896906]{background:#047bc1}.notifier-row.warning[_ngcontent-ng-c3555896906]{background:#c3561a}.notifier-row.error[_ngcontent-ng-c3555896906]{background:#b21f24}.notifier-row.success[_ngcontent-ng-c3555896906]{background:#34b66d}.notifier-text[_ngcontent-ng-c3555896906]{text-align:center;flex-grow:50}.notifier-text[_ngcontent-ng-c3555896906] a[_ngcontent-ng-c3555896906]{color:#fefefe}.notifier-controls[_ngcontent-ng-c3555896906]{text-align:right;flex-grow:1;margin-right:1rem;color:#fefefe}.notifier-controls[_ngcontent-ng-c3555896906] a[_ngcontent-ng-c3555896906]{color:#fefefe;text-decoration:none}.notifier-controls[_ngcontent-ng-c3555896906] a[_ngcontent-ng-c3555896906]:hover{color:#f4f6f8}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.breakout-background[_ngcontent-ng-c3117988551]:before{background-color:#f9f9f9}.header-top-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c3117988551]{justify-content:flex-end}@media print,screen and (max-width: 63.99875em){.header-top-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c3117988551]{justify-content:center}}.language-nav[_ngcontent-ng-c3117988551]{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end}hr[_ngcontent-ng-c3117988551]{border-bottom:1px solid #cccccc;margin-bottom:0}.mega-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c3117988551]{z-index:2}.mega-menu.breakout-background[_ngcontent-ng-c3117988551]:before{background-color:#002b49}.public-comment-button[_ngcontent-ng-c3117988551]{margin-bottom:0;margin-left:.625rem}.public-comment-button[_ngcontent-ng-c3117988551]:dir(rtl){margin-right:.625rem;margin-left:0}@media print,screen and (max-width: 63.99875em){.public-comment-button[_ngcontent-ng-c3117988551]{padding-right:.625rem;padding-left:.625rem}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.global-message[_ngcontent-ng-c3089181228]{background:#002b49;color:#fefefe;display:flex;justify-content:center}.global-message--icon[_ngcontent-ng-c3089181228]{display:inline-block;margin:.5rem;min-width:2.25rem}@media print,screen and (max-width: 63.99875em){.global-message--icon[_ngcontent-ng-c3089181228]{height:100%;background-position:top;margin-top:1rem}}.global-message--item[_ngcontent-ng-c3089181228]{padding:1.25rem .3125rem;display:flex;align-items:flex-start}.global-message--title[_ngcontent-ng-c3089181228]{font-weight:700}.breakout-background[_ngcontent-ng-c3089181228]:before{background-color:#002b49}.wysiwyg-output[_ngcontent-ng-c3089181228] p{margin-bottom:0}.wysiwyg-output[_ngcontent-ng-c3089181228] a{color:#fff}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.primary-header[_ngcontent-ng-c1138540923]{padding-top:1.875rem;margin:0 0 1.875rem;display:flex;align-items:center}.primary-header[_ngcontent-ng-c1138540923] > .cell[_ngcontent-ng-c1138540923]{margin:0}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){.primary-header[_ngcontent-ng-c1138540923]{margin:.625rem}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">html:lang(ar)[_nghost-ng-c1204977649] *[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649], html:lang(ar) [_nghost-ng-c1204977649] *[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649], html:lang(zh)[_nghost-ng-c1204977649] *[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649], html:lang(zh) [_nghost-ng-c1204977649] *[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif}.wrapper[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{margin:0;list-style:none;display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;justify-content:flex-end;align-items:center}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){.wrapper[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{vertical-align:middle}}.item[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{padding:0 .9375rem}.item[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649] button[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{margin-bottom:0;text-decoration:underline;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1rem;font-weight:900;color:#047bc1}.item[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]:last-child{padding-right:0;padding-left:1rem}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){.item[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{color:#047bc1;padding:0 .625rem}}.pointer[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{cursor:pointer}.pipe-divider[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{padding-right:0;text-decoration:none}.pipe-divider[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649] span[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{text-decoration:underline}.pipe-divider[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]:after{padding-left:.9375rem;content:"|"}.keyboard-arrow-down[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{height:1rem;width:1.7rem;display:inline-block;position:relative;top:.15rem;padding-left:.25rem}.outline-person[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649], .outline-person-filled[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{height:1rem;width:1.7rem;padding-left:.25rem;display:inline-block;position:relative;top:.125rem}.search-icon-primary-blue[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{width:1.7rem;height:1.3rem;padding-left:.25rem;display:inline-block;position:relative;top:.2rem}.outline-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{height:1rem;display:inline-block;position:relative;margin-left:1rem}.mega-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649] .item[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{color:#fefefe}.custom-language-popup[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649] .popup{padding:1.25rem;position:fixed;top:1rem}.custom-language-popup[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649] .popup:before{left:auto;right:10.5rem}.custom-language-popup[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649] .popup li .language-button{font-weight:400;display:block;padding:.625rem;font-size:1rem;line-height:1;color:#002b49;text-transform:capitalize;text-decoration:none}.custom-language-popup[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649] .popup li .language-button:hover, .custom-language-popup[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649] .popup li .language-button.selected{color:#fff;background:#047bc1}[lang=ar][_nghost-ng-c1204977649] .custom-language-popup[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649] .popup:before, [lang=ar] [_nghost-ng-c1204977649] .custom-language-popup[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649] .popup:before{left:10.5rem;right:auto}[lang=ar][_nghost-ng-c1204977649] .pipe-divider[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649], [lang=ar] [_nghost-ng-c1204977649] .pipe-divider[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{padding-left:0}[lang=ar][_nghost-ng-c1204977649] .pipe-divider[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]:after, [lang=ar] [_nghost-ng-c1204977649] .pipe-divider[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]:after{padding-right:.9375rem;padding-left:0}[lang=ar][_nghost-ng-c1204977649] .search-icon-secondary-blue[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649], [lang=ar] [_nghost-ng-c1204977649] .search-icon-secondary-blue[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649], [lang=ar][_nghost-ng-c1204977649] .search-icon-white[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649], [lang=ar] [_nghost-ng-c1204977649] .search-icon-white[_ngcontent-ng-c1204977649]{left:0;right:.3125rem}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">html:lang(ar)[_nghost-ng-c3291757879] *[_ngcontent-ng-c3291757879], html:lang(ar) [_nghost-ng-c3291757879] *[_ngcontent-ng-c3291757879], html:lang(zh)[_nghost-ng-c3291757879] *[_ngcontent-ng-c3291757879], html:lang(zh) [_nghost-ng-c3291757879] *[_ngcontent-ng-c3291757879]{font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif}.search-component-container[_ngcontent-ng-c3291757879]{padding:0 .9375rem}.search-wrapper[_ngcontent-ng-c3291757879]{text-decoration:underline;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1rem;font-weight:900;color:#002b49;cursor:pointer}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){.search-wrapper[_ngcontent-ng-c3291757879]{color:#047bc1;padding:0 .625rem}}.search-wrapper.dark-version[_ngcontent-ng-c3291757879]{color:#fff}.search-icon-primary-blue[_ngcontent-ng-c3291757879]{display:block}.search-icon-secondary-blue[_ngcontent-ng-c3291757879], .search-icon-white[_ngcontent-ng-c3291757879]{display:inline-block}@media print,screen and (min-width: 40em){.search-icon-secondary-blue[_ngcontent-ng-c3291757879], .search-icon-white[_ngcontent-ng-c3291757879]{position:relative;top:.25rem;left:.3125rem}.search-icon-secondary-blue[_ngcontent-ng-c3291757879]:dir(rtl), .search-icon-white[_ngcontent-ng-c3291757879]:dir(rtl){left:0;right:.3125rem}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">html:lang(ar)[_nghost-ng-c3738361306] *[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306], html:lang(ar) [_nghost-ng-c3738361306] *[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306], html:lang(zh)[_nghost-ng-c3738361306] *[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306], html:lang(zh) [_nghost-ng-c3738361306] *[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif}.item[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{text-decoration:underline;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1rem;font-weight:900;color:#002b49;position:relative}.item[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306] button[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{margin-bottom:0}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){.item[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{color:#047bc1;padding:0 .625rem}}.user-account-component[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{display:flex}.user-account-component.dark-version[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306], .user-account-component.dark-version[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306] .item[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{color:#fff}.item-wrapper[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{padding:0 .9375rem}.item-wrapper[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306] .signout[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306] button[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{color:#047bc1;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:underline;font-weight:400}.item-wrapper[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306] .signout[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306] button[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]:hover{text-decoration:none}.item-wrapper[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]:last-child{padding-right:0;padding-left:1rem}@media print,screen and (max-width: 63.99875em){.item-wrapper[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{padding:0 .625rem}}button.item[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{cursor:pointer}.person-icon[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{display:inline-block;width:1.2rem;height:1rem}@media print,screen and (min-width: 40em){.person-icon[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{position:relative;top:.1rem;left:.625rem}.person-icon[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]:dir(rtl){left:0;right:.625rem}}.pointer[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{cursor:pointer}.pipe-divider[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.pipe-divider[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306] span[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{text-decoration:underline}.pipe-divider[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]:after{content:"|"}.pipe-divider[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]:dir(ltr){padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:0}.pipe-divider[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]:dir(rtl){padding-left:0;padding-right:1.5rem}.pipe-divider[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]:dir(ltr):after{padding-left:.9375rem;padding-right:0}.pipe-divider[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]:dir(rtl):after{padding-left:0;padding-right:.9375rem}.pipe-divider.logged-user[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]:dir(ltr):after{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:0}.pipe-divider.logged-user[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]:dir(rtl):after{padding-left:0;padding-right:1.5rem}.outline-person[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306], .outline-person-filled[_ngcontent-ng-c3738361306]{display:block} .popover-content:dir(rtl){margin-left:.5rem;margin-right:auto} .popover-content:dir(rtl).bottom>.arrow{right:9.6rem!important;direction:ltr}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){ .popover-content{width:18.5rem!important;margin-right:.3125rem} .popover-content:dir(rtl){margin-left:6.563rem;margin-right:auto} .popover-content.bottom>.arrow{left:14.188rem!important} .popover-content.bottom>.arrow:dir(rtl){right:14.5rem!important}} .popover-content .popover-element{font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;padding-bottom:1.5rem;font-size:1rem} .popover-content .popover-element a{font-weight:400} .popover-content .popover-element:last-child{padding-bottom:0}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">iti-fallback-image[_ngcontent-ng-c711633982] img{max-height:4.688rem}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){iti-fallback-image[_ngcontent-ng-c711633982] img{max-height:3rem}}.logo-container[_ngcontent-ng-c711633982]{display:flex;align-items:center;font-size:0}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.full-screen-show[_ngcontent-ng-c1232042173]{position:fixed;z-index:10000;background-color:#fefefe;inset:0;overflow:scroll}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.mega-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c1024965557]{height:100%;background-color:#002b49}.mega-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c1024965557] h3[_ngcontent-ng-c1024965557]{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700}.mega-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c1024965557] h4[_ngcontent-ng-c1024965557]{font-size:1rem;font-weight:700}.mega-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c1024965557] a[_ngcontent-ng-c1024965557]{background-color:#002b49;padding:1.5rem .625rem .625rem 1.5rem;color:#fefefe;text-decoration:none}.mega-menu__title[_ngcontent-ng-c1024965557]{background-color:#0d3652;padding:1.5rem .625rem .625rem 1.5rem;color:#fefefe;text-transform:uppercase;border-bottom:1px solid #fefefe}.mega-menu__category[_ngcontent-ng-c1024965557]{text-transform:uppercase}.mega-menu__link[_ngcontent-ng-c1024965557]{text-transform:capitalize}.mega-menu__link[_ngcontent-ng-c1024965557] h4[_ngcontent-ng-c1024965557]{margin-bottom:.625rem}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">[_nghost-ng-c3775589671]{display:block}.popup[_ngcontent-ng-c3775589671]{position:absolute;z-index:1000;padding:1.5rem;width:17.5rem;background-color:#fefefe;box-shadow:0 .125rem .25rem #0a0a0a}.popup[_ngcontent-ng-c3775589671]:before{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:100%;transform:rotate(180deg);right:25%;margin-left:-5px;border:.625rem solid;border-color:#fefefe transparent transparent transparent}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){.popup[_ngcontent-ng-c3775589671]{left:0;right:0;width:100%;box-shadow:none}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">html:lang(ar)[_nghost-ng-c4177906089] *[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089], html:lang(ar) [_nghost-ng-c4177906089] *[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089], html:lang(zh)[_nghost-ng-c4177906089] *[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089], html:lang(zh) [_nghost-ng-c4177906089] *[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089]{font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif}ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089]{margin:0;height:2.5rem;list-style:none;color:#002b49;display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;justify-content:flex-end}ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] li[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089]{line-height:1.25rem;margin-top:.625rem;margin-bottom:.625rem}ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] li[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] .language-button[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089]{font-size:.875rem;padding-left:2.5rem}ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] li[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089]:first-child .language-button[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089]{padding-left:1.5rem}ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] li[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] a.language-button[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089], ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] li[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] span.language-button[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089]{display:flex;color:#002b49;font-weight:300;text-decoration:underline}ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] li[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] a.language-button.selected[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089], ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] li[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] span.language-button.selected[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089]{cursor:default;text-decoration:none;font-weight:900}ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] li[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089]:dir(rtl):last-child .language-button[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089]{padding-left:0}ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] li[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089]:dir(rtl):first-child .language-button[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089]{padding-right:1.5rem}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089]{height:100%}ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] li, ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] li:last-child, ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] li:first-child{padding-right:.4464285714rem;padding-left:.4464285714rem}ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] li:dir(rtl), ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] li:last-child:dir(rtl), ul.language-list[_ngcontent-ng-c4177906089] li:first-child:dir(rtl){padding-right:.4464285714rem;padding-left:.4464285714rem}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">button.close-btn[_ngcontent-ng-c828859689]{color:#002a4a;border:0;background:none;position:absolute;cursor:pointer;font-size:1rem;opacity:.8;width:2rem;height:2rem;z-index:2;justify-content:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center}button.close-btn[_ngcontent-ng-c828859689]:dir(rtl){right:auto;left:.5rem}button.close-btn[_ngcontent-ng-c828859689]:dir(ltr){right:.5rem;left:auto}button.close-btn[_ngcontent-ng-c828859689]:after{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#secondary-blue/baseline-close-24px.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:1.5rem auto;background-position:center;height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;content:" "}button.close-btn[_ngcontent-ng-c828859689]:hover{opacity:1}.modal-content[_ngcontent-ng-c828859689]{padding:0}dialog[_ngcontent-ng-c828859689]{padding:0;border:none;box-shadow:0 7px 8px -4px #0003,0 13px 19px 2px #00000024,0 5px 24px 4px #0000001f;overscroll-behavior:contain}dialog[_ngcontent-ng-c828859689]::backdrop{background-color:#00000080}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){dialog[_ngcontent-ng-c828859689]{max-width:100%;max-height:100%;margin:0 auto;width:100%}dialog[_ngcontent-ng-c828859689] .modal-content[_ngcontent-ng-c828859689]{border:0}}@media print,screen and (min-width: 40em){dialog[_ngcontent-ng-c828859689]{min-width:45rem;max-width:58rem;margin:50px auto 1rem}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.search-modal[_ngcontent-ng-c3649505328]{padding:3rem 0 3rem 3rem;margin-right:3rem}.search-modal[_ngcontent-ng-c3649505328] label[_ngcontent-ng-c3649505328]{font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:1rem;color:#333;font-size:1rem}.search-modal[_ngcontent-ng-c3649505328] .filtered-search-link[_ngcontent-ng-c3649505328]{padding-top:.5rem;white-space:nowrap}.search-modal[_ngcontent-ng-c3649505328] .filtered-search-link[_ngcontent-ng-c3649505328] a[_ngcontent-ng-c3649505328]{font-weight:400}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.margin_top[_ngcontent-ng-c2702045528]{margin-top:2rem}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">[_nghost-ng-c452299901]{display:block;margin-bottom:1.5rem}label[_ngcontent-ng-c452299901]{margin-bottom:.625rem}[_nghost-ng-c452299901]:hover label[_ngcontent-ng-c452299901]{color:#047bc1}[_nghost-ng-c452299901]:focus-within label[_ngcontent-ng-c452299901]{color:#047bc1}.hint[_ngcontent-ng-c452299901]{margin-top:.625rem;font-size:12px}[hintType=error][_nghost-ng-c452299901] .hint[_ngcontent-ng-c452299901]{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;color:#b21f24}[hintType=error][_nghost-ng-c452299901] .hint[_ngcontent-ng-c452299901]:before{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#red/baseline-error-24px.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:1.5rem auto;background-position:center;height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;content:" "}[hintType=error][_nghost-ng-c452299901] .hint[_ngcontent-ng-c452299901]:before{background-size:.875rem;height:.875rem;width:.875rem;margin-right:.3125rem}[hintType=success][_nghost-ng-c452299901] .hint[_ngcontent-ng-c452299901]{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;color:#197f86}[hintType=success][_nghost-ng-c452299901] .hint[_ngcontent-ng-c452299901]:before{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#green/baseline-check_circle-24px.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:1.5rem auto;background-position:center;height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;content:" "}[hintType=success][_nghost-ng-c452299901] .hint[_ngcontent-ng-c452299901]:before{background-size:.875rem;height:.875rem;width:.875rem;margin-right:.3125rem}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.textarea[_ngcontent-ng-c2277260061]{border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-radius:3px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:.2083333333rem 4rem .2083333333rem .2083333333rem;background-color:#fefefe}.textarea[_ngcontent-ng-c2277260061]:dir(ltr){padding-left:.2083333333rem;padding-right:5rem}.textarea[_ngcontent-ng-c2277260061]:dir(rtl){padding-left:5rem;padding-right:.2083333333rem}.textarea__clear[_ngcontent-ng-c2277260061]{position:absolute;top:.625rem;right:.625rem;text-decoration:underline;font-size:.875rem;color:#047bc1;line-height:1.375rem;cursor:pointer}.textarea__clear[_ngcontent-ng-c2277260061]:dir(ltr){right:.625rem;left:auto}.textarea__clear[_ngcontent-ng-c2277260061]:dir(rtl){left:.625rem;right:auto}.textarea__area[_ngcontent-ng-c2277260061]{flex:1 0 auto;width:auto;display:inline-block;border:none;resize:none;box-shadow:none;overflow:hidden;min-height:1.375rem;padding:.3472222222rem;margin:.15625rem;max-height:1.8rem;font-size:.875rem}.textarea__area.hidden[_ngcontent-ng-c2277260061]{width:0}.error[_nghost-ng-c2277260061] .textarea[_ngcontent-ng-c2277260061], .error [_nghost-ng-c2277260061] .textarea[_ngcontent-ng-c2277260061]{border-color:#b21f24}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.search-drop-down[_ngcontent-ng-c3089378542]{position:absolute;left:0;max-height:18.75rem;min-width:8rem;overflow-y:auto;z-index:10;width:100%;background-color:#fefefe;border:1px solid #e6e6e6;box-shadow:0 4px 10px #0000001a;cursor:pointer}.search-drop-down[_ngcontent-ng-c3089378542] ul[_ngcontent-ng-c3089378542]{margin-bottom:0}.search-drop-down[_ngcontent-ng-c3089378542] ul[_ngcontent-ng-c3089378542]:dir(ltr){margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.search-drop-down[_ngcontent-ng-c3089378542] ul[_ngcontent-ng-c3089378542]:dir(rtl){margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.search-drop-down__results[_ngcontent-ng-c3089378542]{min-width:2.25rem;padding:.625rem 1rem;text-align:left}.search-drop-down__results[_ngcontent-ng-c3089378542]:hover{background-color:#047bc1;color:#fefefe}.search-drop-down__results[_ngcontent-ng-c3089378542]:focus{background-color:#047bc1;color:#fefefe;outline:none}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.sign-out-modal[_ngcontent-ng-c4218132866]{padding:3rem 0 3rem 3rem;margin-right:3rem}.sign-out-modal[_ngcontent-ng-c4218132866] .sign-out-modal-header[_ngcontent-ng-c4218132866]{text-align:center;margin-bottom:2.25rem}.sign-out-modal[_ngcontent-ng-c4218132866] .sign-out-modal-footer[_ngcontent-ng-c4218132866]{text-align:center;font-weight:400;margin-top:1.5rem}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){.sign-out-modal[_ngcontent-ng-c4218132866] .sign-out-modal-header[_ngcontent-ng-c4218132866]{margin-bottom:1.125rem}.sign-out-modal[_ngcontent-ng-c4218132866] .sign-out-modal-footer[_ngcontent-ng-c4218132866]{margin-top:1.25rem}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">html:lang(ar)[_nghost-ng-c99674354] *[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354], html:lang(ar) [_nghost-ng-c99674354] *[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354], html:lang(zh)[_nghost-ng-c99674354] *[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354], html:lang(zh) [_nghost-ng-c99674354] *[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif}footer[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin-top:2.25rem;background-color:#002b49;color:#fefefe;display:flex;align-items:center}.breakout-background[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]:before{background-color:#002b49}.footer--logo[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] img[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{width:17.1875rem;height:3.8125rem;max-width:none}.footer--social--hub-link[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{font-weight:400;font-size:.9375rem;color:#fefefe}.footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin:0 3.75rem .9375rem 0;display:inline-block;min-height:1.25rem;min-width:1.25rem;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center left;font-size:0}.footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]:last-child{margin-right:0}.footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a.footer--social--flickr[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354], .footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a.footer--social--soundcloud[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{min-width:2.5rem;min-height:1.875rem}.footer--social--x[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/x.svg)}.footer--social--linkedin[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/linkedin.svg)}.footer--social--facebook[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/facebook.svg)}.footer--social--youtube[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/youtube.svg)}.footer--social--instagram[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/instagram.svg)}.footer--social--flickr[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_wide.svg?v=20211212#primary-white/flickr.svg)}.footer--social--soundcloud[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_wide.svg?v=20211212#white/soundcloud.svg)}.footer--social--email[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/email.svg)}.footer--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{border-top:solid 1px #fefefe;padding-top:1.5rem}.footer--links--title[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{padding-right:1.5rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:1rem;text-transform:uppercase;min-height:2.25rem}.footer--links--submenu[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin-left:0;padding-right:1.25rem}.footer--links--submenu[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] li[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{list-style:none;line-height:1.25rem;margin-bottom:1rem}.footer--link[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{color:#fefefe;font-weight:400;font-size:.875rem;margin:.5rem 0}.footer--header[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1.25rem;margin-bottom:0}.footer--copyrights[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] span[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{font-size:.875rem}.footer--copyrights--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{text-align:right}@media print,screen and (min-width: 64em){.footer--logo[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin-top:2rem;padding-right:17%}.footer--copyrights[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{padding:1.25rem 0;border-top:solid 1px #fefefe}.footer--copyrights--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin:0 1.5rem}.footer--copyrights--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]:last-child{margin-right:0}.footer--social[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin-top:.5rem;padding-left:3.25rem}.footer--social--twitter[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin:0 125px 1.5rem 0}.footer--social--twitter[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]:first-child{margin-left:3rem}.footer--links--submenu[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] li[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin-bottom:.3125rem}}@media print,screen and (min-width: 40em) and (max-width: 63.99875em){footer[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin-top:1.5rem}.footer--logo[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin-bottom:1.5rem;padding:1.5rem 65% 1.5rem 0;border-bottom:solid 1px #fefefe}.footer--copyrights[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{padding:2.25rem 0 1.25rem;border-top:solid 1px #fefefe}.footer--copyrights--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin:0 .625rem}.footer--copyrights--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]:first-child{margin-left:0}.footer--social[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin-right:4.75rem;margin-bottom:.5rem}}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){footer[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{padding:0 1.25rem}.footer--logo[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{padding:1.5rem 5rem .625rem 0;border-bottom:solid 1px #fefefe}.footer--copyrights[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{padding:1.5rem 0;font-size:1rem}.footer--copyrights--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin-top:.625rem;text-align:left}.footer--copyrights--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin:0 0 .625rem;display:block}.footer--social[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{padding:1.5rem 0}.footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin:0 4.5rem .625rem 0}.footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]:last-child, .footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]:nth-child(4){margin-right:0}.footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354] a.footer--social--flickr[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{margin-left:-.625rem;margin-right:3.75rem}.footer--links[_ngcontent-ng-c99674354]{border-bottom:solid 1px #fefefe}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">html:lang(ar)[_nghost-ng-c938943326] *[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326], html:lang(ar) [_nghost-ng-c938943326] *[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326], html:lang(zh)[_nghost-ng-c938943326] *[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326], html:lang(zh) [_nghost-ng-c938943326] *[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif}footer[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin-top:2.25rem;background-color:#002b49;color:#fefefe;display:flex;align-items:center}.breakout-background[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]:before{background-color:#002b49}.footer--logo[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] img[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{width:17.1875rem;height:3.8125rem;max-width:none}.footer--social--hub-link[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{font-weight:400;font-size:.9375rem;color:#fefefe}.footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin:0 3.75rem .9375rem 0;display:inline-block;min-height:1.25rem;min-width:1.25rem;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center left;font-size:0}.footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]:last-child{margin-right:0}.footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a.footer--social--flickr[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326], .footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a.footer--social--soundcloud[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{min-width:2.5rem;min-height:1.875rem}.footer--social--x[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/x.svg)}.footer--social--linkedin[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/linkedin.svg)}.footer--social--facebook[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/facebook.svg)}.footer--social--youtube[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/youtube.svg)}.footer--social--instagram[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/instagram.svg)}.footer--social--flickr[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_wide.svg?v=20211212#primary-white/flickr.svg)}.footer--social--soundcloud[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_wide.svg?v=20211212#white/soundcloud.svg)}.footer--social--email[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/email.svg)}.footer--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{border-top:solid 1px #fefefe;padding-top:1.5rem}.footer--links--title[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{padding-right:1.5rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:1rem;text-transform:uppercase;min-height:2.25rem}.footer--links--submenu[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin-left:0;padding-right:1.25rem}.footer--links--submenu[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] li[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{list-style:none;line-height:1.25rem;margin-bottom:1rem}.footer--link[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{color:#fefefe;font-weight:400;font-size:.875rem;margin:.5rem 0}.footer--header[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1.25rem;margin-bottom:0}.footer--copyrights[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] span[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{font-size:.875rem}.footer--copyrights--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{text-align:right}@media print,screen and (min-width: 64em){.footer--logo[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin-top:2rem;padding-right:17%}.footer--copyrights[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{padding:1.25rem 0;border-top:solid 1px #fefefe}.footer--copyrights--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin:0 1.5rem}.footer--copyrights--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]:last-child{margin-right:0}.footer--social[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin-top:.5rem;padding-left:3.25rem}.footer--social--twitter[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin:0 125px 1.5rem 0}.footer--social--twitter[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]:first-child{margin-left:3rem}.footer--links--submenu[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] li[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin-bottom:.3125rem}}@media print,screen and (min-width: 40em) and (max-width: 63.99875em){footer[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin-top:1.5rem}.footer--logo[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin-bottom:1.5rem;padding:1.5rem 65% 1.5rem 0;border-bottom:solid 1px #fefefe}.footer--copyrights[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{padding:2.25rem 0 1.25rem;border-top:solid 1px #fefefe}.footer--copyrights--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin:0 .625rem}.footer--copyrights--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]:first-child{margin-left:0}.footer--social[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin-right:4.75rem;margin-bottom:.5rem}}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){footer[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{padding:0 1.25rem}.footer--logo[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{padding:1.5rem 5rem .625rem 0;border-bottom:solid 1px #fefefe}.footer--copyrights[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{padding:1.5rem 0;font-size:1rem}.footer--copyrights--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin-top:.625rem;text-align:left}.footer--copyrights--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin:0 0 .625rem;display:block}.footer--social[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{padding:1.5rem 0}.footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin:0 4.5rem .625rem 0}.footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]:last-child, .footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]:nth-child(4){margin-right:0}.footer--social--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326] a.footer--social--flickr[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{margin-left:-.625rem;margin-right:3.75rem}.footer--links[_ngcontent-ng-c938943326]{border-bottom:solid 1px #fefefe}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">html:lang(ar)[_nghost-ng-c3438195540] *[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540], html:lang(ar) [_nghost-ng-c3438195540] *[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540], html:lang(zh)[_nghost-ng-c3438195540] *[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540], html:lang(zh) [_nghost-ng-c3438195540] *[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]{font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif}nav[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]{position:relative}ul[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]{margin:0;list-style:none;display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;justify-content:space-between;padding-top:.25rem}ul[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]{font-size:1rem;color:#002b49;font-weight:700}ul[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540] a[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]{text-decoration:none;color:#002b49;text-transform:uppercase;padding:1.125rem 0;display:block}ul[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540] li.selected[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]{margin-top:-.25rem;border-top:.25rem solid #fefefe}ul[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]:hover{margin-top:-.25rem;border-top:.25rem solid #047bc1}ul[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]:hover a[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]{color:#047bc1}.breakout-background[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]:before{background-color:#002b49}.breakout-background[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540] ul[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540] a[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]{color:#fefefe}.secondary-navigation-container[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]{position:absolute;width:100%;display:none}.secondary-navigation-container.visible[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]{display:block;left:0}@media print,screen and (max-width: 63.99875em){ul[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]{text-align:center;width:16%}ul[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]:first-child, ul[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]:nth-child(2), ul[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3438195540]:nth-child(3){width:12%;white-space:normal}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">html:lang(ar)[_nghost-ng-c4171800029] *[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029], html:lang(ar) [_nghost-ng-c4171800029] *[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029], html:lang(zh)[_nghost-ng-c4171800029] *[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029], html:lang(zh) [_nghost-ng-c4171800029] *[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029]{font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif}.secondary-navigation[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029]{min-height:10rem;padding-bottom:2.25rem;color:#fff}.secondary-navigation[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029] .grid-margin-x[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029]{display:none}.secondary-navigation[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029] .grid-margin-x.selected[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029]{display:flex}.secondary-navigation[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029] .grid-margin-x[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029] .cell[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029]{margin-left:.875rem;margin-right:.875rem}.mega-menu-category[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029]{padding:.5rem;margin-bottom:.625rem;background-color:#0d3652;position:relative;height:10rem;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;flex:0 0 auto;width:auto;margin-left:.625rem;margin-right:.625rem;flex:0 1 auto}.mega-menu-category[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029] .secondary-nav-link[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029]{width:min(18.75rem,25vw);padding:.25rem 1rem;text-align:left}.mega-menu-category[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029] .secondary-nav-link[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029] a[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029]{color:#fff;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none}@media print,screen and (max-width: 63.99875em){.mega-menu-category[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029]{height:auto;margin-top:.625rem}.flex-column[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029] .mega-menu-category[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029]:last-child{flex-grow:0}.indent[_ngcontent-ng-c4171800029]{margin-left:0}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng"> [_nghost-ng-c3386310749] .gsp-generic-image-right, [_nghost-ng-c3386310749] .gsp-generic-image-left { margin-top: 0.3125rem; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; } [_nghost-ng-c3386310749] .gsp-generic-image-right { float: right; margin-left: 1.5rem; margin-right: 0; } [_nghost-ng-c3386310749] .gsp-generic-image-left { float: left; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 1.5rem; } @media print, screen and (max-width: 39.99875em) { [_nghost-ng-c3386310749] .gsp-generic-image-left, [_nghost-ng-c3386310749] .gsp-generic-image-right { float: none; margin: 2.25rem 0; } [_nghost-ng-c3386310749] .gsp-generic-image-left img, [_nghost-ng-c3386310749] .gsp-generic-image-right img { width: 100%; height: auto; } } .title-body-bridge[_ngcontent-ng-c3386310749] { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.title-content[_ngcontent-ng-c2422093428]{margin-bottom:3rem}.title-content[_ngcontent-ng-c2422093428] h1[_ngcontent-ng-c2422093428]{margin-bottom:0}.title-content[_ngcontent-ng-c2422093428] h1[_ngcontent-ng-c2422093428]:not(.ask-headline){width:fit-content!important}.description[_ngcontent-ng-c2422093428], .display-description[_ngcontent-ng-c2422093428]{margin-top:-1.5rem;margin-bottom:3rem} .lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman} .lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha} .upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman} .upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha} pre>code{display:inline-block;white-space:pre-wrap} table th p, table th li, table td p, table td li{font-size:.875rem} table a{color:#002b49}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.wrapper-content[_ngcontent-ng-c2668004679]{margin-top:2.25rem}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.component-container[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]{position:sticky;top:0;width:4rem;text-align:center;z-index:1;margin-bottom:1.5rem}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){.component-container[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]{z-index:0}}.component-container[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]:dir(rtl){margin-left:0}.share-media-buttons[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] button[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]{display:block;cursor:pointer;width:2.375rem;height:2.375rem;border-radius:50%;margin:.5rem auto;border:1px solid #002b49;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:1.25rem auto;background-position:center}.share-media-buttons[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] button.twitter-icon[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]{border-color:#00aced;margin-top:0}.share-media-buttons[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] button.x-icon[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]{border-color:#0a0a0a;margin-top:0}.share-media-buttons[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] button.facebook-icon[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]{border-color:#3b5998}.share-media-buttons[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] button.linkedin-icon[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]{border-color:#007bb6}.share-media-buttons[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] button[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]:hover.twitter-icon{background-color:#00aced;background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/twitter.svg)}.share-media-buttons[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] button[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]:hover.x-icon{background-color:#0a0a0a;background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/x.svg)}.share-media-buttons[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] button[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]:hover.facebook-icon{background-color:#3b5998;background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/facebook.svg)}.share-media-buttons[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] button[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]:hover.linkedin-icon{background-color:#007bb6;background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/linkedin.svg)}.share-media-buttons[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] button[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]:hover.email-icon{background-color:#002b49;background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/email.svg)}.share-media-buttons[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] button[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]:hover.copy-icon{background-color:#002b49;background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#white/link.svg)}.success-text[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]{width:100%}.circle-check-icon[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}.circle-check-icon[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]:before{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#green/baseline-check_circle-24px.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:1.5rem auto;background-position:center;height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;content:" "}.notification-wrapper[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]{padding:.5rem .75rem}@media print,screen and (max-width: 63.99875em){.component-container[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]{position:relative;margin-left:0;top:0;width:100%;text-align:justify;display:inline-block}.component-container[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]:dir(rtl){margin-right:0;margin-left:0}.component-container[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] .share-media-buttons[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] button[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]{display:inline;cursor:pointer;margin:0;margin-right:1rem}.component-container[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] .share-media-buttons[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] button[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]:last-child{margin-right:0}.component-container[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] .share-media-buttons[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] button[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]:dir(rtl):first-child{margin-right:0;margin-left:0}.component-container[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] .share-media-buttons[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925] button[_ngcontent-ng-c1027764925]:dir(rtl):last-child{margin-left:0;margin-right:1rem}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.notification[_ngcontent-ng-c3844381510]{width:max-content;position:absolute;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 0 5px #8a8a8ab3;font-size:.9rem}</style><meta name="og:site_name" value="ICANN"><meta name="og:type" value="website"><meta name="og:image" value="https://itp.cdn.icann.org/en/files/homepage/icann-logo-on-blue-536x302-13-02-2023-en-large.jpg"><meta name="og:title" value="Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC)"><meta name="og:url" value="http://www.icann.org/en/ssac"><meta name="og:description" value="The Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC) is a volunteer group of specialists in the technical security field that provides advice and insight to the ICANN community and the Board."><style ng-app-id="ng">.hero-content[_ngcontent-ng-c3177698898]{align-items:center}@media print,screen and (max-width: 63.99875em){.hero-content[_ngcontent-ng-c3177698898]{padding:.5rem}}.hero-content__title[_ngcontent-ng-c3177698898] h1[_ngcontent-ng-c3177698898]{color:#fff;margin-bottom:.625rem}.hero-content__description[_ngcontent-ng-c3177698898]{margin-bottom:1.5rem}.hero-content__button[_ngcontent-ng-c3177698898] .expanded[_ngcontent-ng-c3177698898]{margin:0}.hero-content__menu[_ngcontent-ng-c3177698898]{width:100%}button[_ngcontent-ng-c3177698898]{padding-left:3rem;padding-right:3rem}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.hero-content[_ngcontent-ng-c1614869878]{align-items:center;margin-right:2.5rem}@media print,screen and (min-width: 40em){.hero-content[_ngcontent-ng-c1614869878]{max-width:432px}}@media print,screen and (min-width: 64em){.hero-content[_ngcontent-ng-c1614869878]{max-width:600px}}.hero-content__title[_ngcontent-ng-c1614869878] p[_ngcontent-ng-c1614869878]{margin-bottom:.625rem;font-size:2rem;line-height:1.25;font-weight:700;color:#fff}.hero-content__description[_ngcontent-ng-c1614869878]{margin-bottom:1.5rem}.hero-content__button[_ngcontent-ng-c1614869878] .button[_ngcontent-ng-c1614869878], .hero-content__button[_ngcontent-ng-c1614869878] .expanded[_ngcontent-ng-c1614869878]{margin:0}.hero-content__menu[_ngcontent-ng-c1614869878]{width:100%}button[_ngcontent-ng-c1614869878]{padding-left:3rem;padding-right:3rem}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">[_nghost-ng-c4111258385]{display:block}.hero-banner__content[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385]{color:#fff;background-color:#002b49;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;background-position:center;min-height:18.75rem;padding:2.5rem;display:flex}.hero-banner__content[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385] > div[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385]{width:100%}.hero-banner__content[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385]:dir(rtl){transform:scaleX(-1)}.hero-banner__content[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385]:dir(rtl) .cell[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385]:first-child{width:100%;transform:scaleX(-1)}.hero-banner__content[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385]:dir(rtl) .hero-banner__content--description[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385] .cell[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385]:first-child{width:50%;transform:scaleX(1)}@media print,screen and (min-width: 64em){.hero-banner__content[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385]{background-image:var(--large-hero-banner-background)}}@media print,screen and (min-width: 40em) and (max-width: 63.99875em){.hero-banner__content[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385]{background-image:var(--medium-hero-banner-background)}.hero-banner__content.no-image[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385]{background-image:none}}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){.hero-banner__content[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385]{background-image:var(--small-hero-banner-background);min-height:28.75rem;padding:1.875rem;position:relative}.hero-banner__content[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385] > div[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385]{align-self:flex-end}.hero-banner__content[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385] > div[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385] .hero-content{margin-right:0}.hero-banner__content[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385] > div[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385] .hero-content .hero-content__button button{padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem}.hero-banner__content.no-image[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385]{background-image:none}}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){html:lang(ar)[_nghost-ng-c4111258385] .hero-banner__content[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385] > div[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385] .hero-content, html:lang(ar) [_nghost-ng-c4111258385] .hero-banner__content[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385] > div[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385] .hero-content{margin-right:2.25rem!important}html:lang(ar)[_nghost-ng-c4111258385] .hero-banner__content--description[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385] .cell[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385]:first-child, html:lang(ar) [_nghost-ng-c4111258385] .hero-banner__content--description[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385] .cell[_ngcontent-ng-c4111258385]:first-child{width:100%!important}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800]{display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;padding:.625rem 1.5rem .625rem 1rem;border:1px solid #CCD5DB;border-radius:0 0 3px 3px}[lang=es][_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800], [lang=es] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800], [lang=fr][_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800], [lang=fr] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800], [lang=ru][_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800], [lang=ru] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800]{flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:1.5rem}[lang=es][_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-more, [lang=es] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-more, [lang=es][_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-less, [lang=es] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-less, [lang=fr][_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-more, [lang=fr] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-more, [lang=fr][_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-less, [lang=fr] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-less, [lang=ru][_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-more, [lang=ru] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-more, [lang=ru][_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-less, [lang=ru] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-less{align-items:normal!important}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){.banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800]{flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:1.5rem}.banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-more, .banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-less{align-items:normal!important}}.banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800]{display:flex;align-items:baseline;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between;padding:.625rem 1.5rem .625rem 1rem;border:1px solid #CCD5DB;border-radius:0 0 3px 3px}.banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800]:dir(rtl){padding:.625rem 1rem .625rem 1.5rem}.banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .menu-items[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800]{display:flex;gap:1.5rem;justify-content:space-between;flex-grow:1;flex-wrap:nowrap}.banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .more-items[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800]{padding-left:1rem;padding-right:0}.banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .more-items[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800]:dir(rtl){padding-right:1rem;padding-left:0}.server-style.banner-menu [lang=es][_nghost-ng-c2886403800], [lang=es] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800], .server-style.banner-menu [lang=fr][_nghost-ng-c2886403800], [lang=fr] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800], .server-style.banner-menu [lang=ru][_nghost-ng-c2886403800], [lang=ru] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800]{flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:1.5rem}.server-style.banner-menu [lang=es][_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-more, [lang=es] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-more, .server-style.banner-menu [lang=es][_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-less, [lang=es] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-less, .server-style.banner-menu [lang=fr][_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-more, [lang=fr] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-more, .server-style.banner-menu [lang=fr][_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-less, [lang=fr] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-less, .server-style.banner-menu [lang=ru][_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-more, [lang=ru] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-more, .server-style.banner-menu [lang=ru][_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-less, [lang=ru] [_nghost-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-less{align-items:normal!important}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){.server-style.banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800]{flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:1.5rem}.server-style.banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-more, .server-style.banner-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c2886403800] .item-dropdown .expand-less{align-items:normal!important}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.item-dropdown[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]:hover{cursor:pointer}.item-dropdown__link[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]{padding:.3rem 0 0;position:relative}.item-dropdown__link.open-in-new-icon[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]{padding-top:.125rem}.item-dropdown__link.open-in-new-icon[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]:after{margin-left:.5rem;position:relative;top:-.125rem}.item-dropdown__link.open-in-new-icon[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]:dir(rtl){top:-3px}.item-dropdown__link.open-in-new-icon[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]:dir(rtl):after{transform:scaleX(-1);top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:.5rem}.item-dropdown__active[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]{padding-top:1px;font-weight:700;color:#047bc1;text-decoration:underline}.item-dropdown__active.banner-menu.browser-style[_nghost-ng-c1864855799], .banner-menu.browser-style [_nghost-ng-c1864855799]{white-space:nowrap;position:relative}.item-dropdown[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799] .expand-more[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}.item-dropdown[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799] .expand-more[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]:after{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#primary-blue/baseline-expand_more.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:1.5rem auto;background-position:center;height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;content:" "}.item-dropdown[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799] .expand-more[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]:after:dir(rtl){background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#primary-blue/baseline-expand_more.svg)}.item-dropdown[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799] .expand-less[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}.item-dropdown[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799] .expand-less[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]:after{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#primary-blue/baseline-expand_less.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:1.5rem auto;background-position:center;height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;content:" "}.item-dropdown[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799] .expand-less[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]:after:dir(rtl){background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#primary-blue/baseline-expand_less.svg)}.item-dropdown[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799] .more-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}.item-dropdown[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799] .more-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]:after{background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#primary-blue/baseline-more_vert-24px.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:1.5rem auto;background-position:center;height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;content:" "}.item-dropdown[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799] .more-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c1864855799]:after:dir(rtl){background-image:url(/../src/assets/images/icons/sprites_v8.svg?v=20231127#primary-blue/baseline-more_vert-24px.svg)}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.search-drop-down[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]{position:absolute;left:0;min-width:17rem;overflow-y:auto;z-index:150;width:auto;background-color:#fefefe;border:1px solid #e6e6e6;box-shadow:0 4px 10px #0000001a;display:none;cursor:pointer}.search-drop-down.visible[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]{display:block}.search-drop-down[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845] .scroll-container[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]{position:relative;overflow-y:auto;max-height:20rem}.search-drop-down.first-visible[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]:dir(rtl){right:0;left:auto}.search-drop-down.more-dropdown[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845], .search-drop-down.last-visible[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]{left:inherit;right:-1.5rem}.search-drop-down.more-dropdown[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]:dir(rtl), .search-drop-down.last-visible[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]:dir(rtl){right:inherit;left:-1rem}.search-drop-down.bind-to-right[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]{left:inherit;right:-1.5rem}.search-drop-down.bind-to-right[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]:dir(rtl){right:inherit;left:-1rem}.search-drop-down__results[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]{margin:0;min-width:2.25rem}.search-drop-down__results[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]{padding:0 .625rem}@media print,screen and (min-width: 40em){.search-drop-down__results[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]{white-space:nowrap}}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){.search-drop-down__results[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]{white-space:normal}}.search-drop-down__results[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845] a[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]{color:#333;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5rem}.search-drop-down__results[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845] a[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]:hover{background-color:#047bc1;color:#fefefe}.search-drop-down__results[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845] span[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]{line-height:1;text-decoration:none;display:block;padding:.5rem 1rem}.search-drop-down__results[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845] span.banner-menu-left[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]{padding-left:0;margin-left:-.625rem}.search-drop-down__results[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845] span.banner-menu-right[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]{padding-right:0}.search-drop-down__results[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845] li[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]:hover{background-color:#047bc1;color:#fefefe}[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]:dir(rtl) .banner-menu-left[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]:before, [_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]:dir(rtl) .banner-menu-right[_ngcontent-ng-c3790247845]:after{position:relative;top:3px;transform:scaleX(-1)}</style><style ng-app-id="ng"> [_nghost-ng-c1242204678] { display: block; margin-bottom: 3rem; } h3[_ngcontent-ng-c1242204678] { margin-bottom: 0; } .item-title[_ngcontent-ng-c1242204678] { padding-left: 3.25rem; } .item-title.no-icon[_ngcontent-ng-c1242204678] { padding-left: 0; } table { border-top: 0; } table, tbody td { border-color: #CCD5DB; } @media print, screen and (min-width: 40em) { .arrow-icon.large-1 { width: 3.33%; } } .collapsible-container-divider { border-color: #979797 !important; margin: 2.25rem 4rem 2.25rem 3.25rem !important; } .collapsible-container-content { margin: 1.5rem 4rem 0.75rem 3.25rem !important; } .collapsible-container-content .wysiwyg-output { font-size: 1rem; color: #333333; } .collapsible-container-content .wysiwyg-output hr { margin-top: 2.25rem; margin-bottom: 2.25rem; } .collapsible-container-content .wysiwyg-output a { color: #047BC1; } .collapsible-container-content .wysiwyg-output a.icon-chevron, .collapsible-container-content .wysiwyg-output a.icon-off-page-link, .collapsible-container-content .wysiwyg-output a.icon-download, .collapsible-container-content .wysiwyg-output a.icon-play-video { font-weight: bold; } .collapsible-container-content .wysiwyg-output a.icon-primary-button { color: #fefefe; } .no-icon .collapsible-container-divider { margin-left: 0 !important; margin-right: 0 !important; } .no-icon .collapsible-container-content { margin-left: 0 !important; margin-right: 0 !important; } .expand-panel-expand-all:dir(rtl) { margin-left: 0.625rem; margin-right: 0; } .expand-panel-collapse-all:dir(rtl) { margin-right: 0.625rem; margin-left: 0; } .item-title:dir(rtl) { padding-right: 2.25rem; padding-left: 0; } .item-title:dir(rtl).no-icon { padding-right: 0; } .item-title:dir(rtl).no-icon .item-title__title { padding-right: 0; } .item-title-icon:dir(rtl)::before { left: 100%; } .item-title-title:dir(rtl) { padding-right: 2.25rem; } .marketing[_nghost-ng-c1242204678] iti-accordion-table iti-collapse-container h3, .marketing [_nghost-ng-c1242204678] iti-accordion-table iti-collapse-container h3 { color: #047BC1; font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: normal; } .marketing[_nghost-ng-c1242204678] iti-accordion-table iti-collapse-container .collapsible-container-content .wysiwyg-output h4, .marketing [_nghost-ng-c1242204678] iti-accordion-table iti-collapse-container .collapsible-container-content .wysiwyg-output h4 { color: #002B49; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; } .marketing[_nghost-ng-c1242204678] iti-accordion-table iti-collapse-container .collapsible-container-content .wysiwyg-output p, .marketing [_nghost-ng-c1242204678] iti-accordion-table iti-collapse-container .collapsible-container-content .wysiwyg-output p, .marketing[_nghost-ng-c1242204678] iti-accordion-table iti-collapse-container .collapsible-container-content .wysiwyg-output li, .marketing [_nghost-ng-c1242204678] iti-accordion-table iti-collapse-container .collapsible-container-content .wysiwyg-output li { font-size: 0.875rem !important; line-height: 1.313rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: #666666; }</style><style ng-app-id="ng"> div.wysiwyg-output p:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 0; } .marketing[_nghost-ng-c353451689] div[_ngcontent-ng-c353451689], .marketing [_nghost-ng-c353451689] div[_ngcontent-ng-c353451689] { font-size: 1.25rem !important; line-height: 2rem; color: #333333; font-weight: normal; } .marketing[_nghost-ng-c353451689] div[_ngcontent-ng-c353451689] p, .marketing [_nghost-ng-c353451689] div[_ngcontent-ng-c353451689] p { font-size: 1.25rem !important; line-height: 2rem; color: #333333; font-weight: normal; } .marketing[_nghost-ng-c353451689] div[_ngcontent-ng-c353451689] p.footnote, .marketing [_nghost-ng-c353451689] div[_ngcontent-ng-c353451689] p.footnote { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 2rem 0 1rem 0; } .marketing[_nghost-ng-c353451689] div[_ngcontent-ng-c353451689] ul > li, .marketing [_nghost-ng-c353451689] div[_ngcontent-ng-c353451689] ul > li { font-size: 1.25rem !important; line-height: 2rem; color: #333333; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.7rem; }</style><style ng-app-id="ng"> .table[_ngcontent-ng-c1994844894] { margin-bottom: 3rem; overflow-wrap: break-word; } .table-title[_ngcontent-ng-c1994844894] { padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem; background: #002b49; color: #f1f1f1; } .table[_ngcontent-ng-c1994844894] td[_ngcontent-ng-c1994844894] { padding: 1.5rem; } .expand-collapse[_ngcontent-ng-c1994844894] { margin-right: 0; } .pagination[_ngcontent-ng-c1994844894] { display: flex; }</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.expand-panel[_ngcontent-ng-c910192640]{margin:1rem 0;justify-content:flex-end}@media print,screen and (max-width: 39.99875em){.expand-panel[_ngcontent-ng-c910192640]{justify-content:center}}.expand-panel[_ngcontent-ng-c910192640] button[_ngcontent-ng-c910192640]{color:#047bc1;text-decoration:underline;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer}.expand-panel[_ngcontent-ng-c910192640] button[_ngcontent-ng-c910192640]:hover{text-decoration:none}.expand-panel__expand-all[_ngcontent-ng-c910192640]{margin-right:.625rem}.expand-panel__collapse-all[_ngcontent-ng-c910192640]{margin-left:.625rem}.multiselect[_nghost-ng-c910192640] .expand-panel[_ngcontent-ng-c910192640], .multiselect [_nghost-ng-c910192640] .expand-panel[_ngcontent-ng-c910192640]{margin:.25rem 0 0}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.collapsible-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2372298323]{color:#002b49;text-decoration:none}.collapsible-container.not-clickable[_ngcontent-ng-c2372298323]{cursor:initial}.collapsible-container-divider[_ngcontent-ng-c2372298323]{border-bottom:1px solid #AAAAAA;margin:1.5rem auto}.collapsible-container-subtitle[_ngcontent-ng-c2372298323]{margin-bottom:.625rem}.collapsible-container-title[_ngcontent-ng-c2372298323]{margin-bottom:0;word-break:break-word}.collapsible-container-title.inactive[_ngcontent-ng-c2372298323]{color:#666}.hidden[_ngcontent-ng-c2372298323]{display:none}</style><style ng-app-id="ng"> [_nghost-ng-c3470662025] { display: block; margin-bottom: 3rem; } .authored-card-set[_ngcontent-ng-c3470662025] { margin-top: 2.25rem; } .more-button[_ngcontent-ng-c3470662025] { margin: 1rem auto 0 auto; } .more-button[_ngcontent-ng-c3470662025] .button[_ngcontent-ng-c3470662025] { margin-bottom: 0; font-weight: normal; } .card-group[_ngcontent-ng-c3470662025] { margin-bottom: 1rem; } iti-authored-content-layout .content-item { margin-bottom: 0.9375rem !important; } @media print, screen and (max-width: 39.99875em) { iti-authored-content-layout .content-item { height: fit-content !important; } } </style><style ng-app-id="ng">.content-item[_ngcontent-ng-c4060669794] { margin-bottom: 2.25rem; }</style><style ng-app-id="ng"> [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] { height: 100%; } a[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { text-decoration: none; } .text-version-link[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { font-size: 0.875rem; position: absolute; top: -2rem; right: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .text-version-link[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742]:dir(rtl) { left: 0; right: auto; } .text-version-link[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742]:hover { text-decoration: none; } .text-version-modal[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { padding: 1rem; } .card-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { position: relative; height: 100%; } @media print, screen and (min-width: 40em) { .card-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { display: flex; flex-direction: column; } } .card-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .text-version-link[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { color: #047BC1; font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: underline; } .card-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .text-version-link[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742]:hover { text-decoration: none; } .card-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-open[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { margin-bottom: 1rem; } .card-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .wrapper-link[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { height: 100%; display: block; } .card-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-additional-languages { flex-grow: 1; } .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { display: flex; position: relative; margin: 0; padding: 1rem; height: 100%; min-height: 100px; align-items: flex-start; border-radius: 3px; } .card.card-with-label[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { padding: 3rem 1rem 1rem; } .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-title[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { color: #002B49; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; font-size: 1.125rem; } .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-date[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: bold; padding: 1rem; } .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-description[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: normal; flex-grow: 1; width: 100%; } .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-footer[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 1rem; justify-self: flex-end; } .card-plain[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { border: 1px solid #CCD5DB; } .card-related[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { height: 100%; padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem 1.25rem 1.25rem; border: 1px solid #002B49 !important; background-color: #F2F8FC; } .card-related[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742]:hover { border-color: #002B49; } .card-notes[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { border: none; } .card-notes[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-title[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { color: #000; } .card-alternating[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .card-alternating-with-footer[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { color: #ffffff; } .card-alternating[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-title[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .card-alternating-with-footer[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-title[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { color: #ffffff; } .card-stretched[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .card-stretched-with-date[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { padding: 0; } .card-stretched[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-title[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .card-stretched-with-date[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-title[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { padding: 1rem 1rem 0 1rem; } .card-stretched[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-description[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .card-stretched-with-date[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-description[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { padding: 0 1rem 1rem 1rem; } .card-soft[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #F2F8FC; padding: 1.5rem; border: none; text-align: center; } .card-soft[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-image[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { padding-bottom: 1.5rem; width: 9.375rem; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } .card-soft.icon-card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-image[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { padding: 0 0 1.5rem 0; } .card-soft[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] .card-description[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { font-size: 1rem; } .medium-6[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card.card-plain[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .medium-6 [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card.card-plain[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .medium-6[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card.card-notes[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .medium-6 [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card.card-notes[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { padding: 1.5rem; } @media print, screen and (min-width: 40em) { .authored-card-set.card-alternating.columns-odd .content-item:nth-of-type(even)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating.columns-odd .content-item:nth-of-type(even) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(2n)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(2n) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(2n+1)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(2n+1) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer.columns-odd .content-item:nth-of-type(even)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer.columns-odd .content-item:nth-of-type(even) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(2n)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(2n) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(2n+1)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(2n+1) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #047BC1; } .authored-card-set.card-alternating.columns-odd .content-item:nth-of-type(odd)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating.columns-odd .content-item:nth-of-type(odd) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(1)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(1) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(4n)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(4n) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(4n+1)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(4n+1) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer.columns-odd .content-item:nth-of-type(odd)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer.columns-odd .content-item:nth-of-type(odd) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(1)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(1) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(4n)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(4n) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(4n+1)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer.columns-even .content-item:nth-of-type(4n+1) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #002B49; } } @media print, screen and (max-width: 39.99875em) { .authored-card-set.card-alternating .content-item:nth-of-type(even)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating .content-item:nth-of-type(even) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer .content-item:nth-of-type(even)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer .content-item:nth-of-type(even) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #047BC1; } .authored-card-set.card-alternating .content-item:nth-of-type(odd)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating .content-item:nth-of-type(odd) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer .content-item:nth-of-type(odd)[_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .authored-card-set.card-alternating-with-footer .content-item:nth-of-type(odd) [_nghost-ng-c2325350742] .card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #002B49; } .card.text-version-card[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { margin-top: 1.25rem; } } .card-label[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; padding: 0.5rem; font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: bold; color: #ffffff; } .card-label__green[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #3B634D; } .card-label__gold[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #AB8938; } .card-label__purple[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #39479D; } .card-label__yellow[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #F4C229; } .card-label__lightblue[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #89CAEA; } .card-label__orange[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #c3561a; } .card-label__lightblue-green[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #CEEAE9; color: #333333; } .card-label__primary[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #047BC1; } .card-label__turquoise[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #1f4144; } .card-label__yelloworange[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #E87724; } .card-label__brightgreen[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #34B66D; } .card-label__blue[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #005580; } .card-label__violet[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #4A1F5B; } .card-label__secondary[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742], .card-label__darkblue[_ngcontent-ng-c2325350742] { background-color: #002B49; }</style><style ng-app-id="ng">[_nghost-ng-c4050546724] { display: block; margin-bottom: 3rem; } .icon-develop-skills:dir(rtl), .icon-grow-your-network:dir(rtl), .icon-make-an-impact:dir(rtl) { padding-left: 0; padding-right: 4rem; } .icon-develop-skills:dir(rtl)::before, .icon-grow-your-network:dir(rtl)::before, .icon-make-an-impact:dir(rtl)::before { transform: scaleX(-1); right: 0; left: auto; }</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.additional-languages[_ngcontent-ng-c338225980]{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1rem;background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:1.5rem;width:100%}.additional-languages[_ngcontent-ng-c338225980] p.preamble[_ngcontent-ng-c338225980]{font-size:.875rem;display:inline}ul.language-variants[_ngcontent-ng-c338225980]{list-style:none;display:inline;margin:.5rem}ul.language-variants[_ngcontent-ng-c338225980] li[_ngcontent-ng-c338225980]{display:inline-block;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700}ul.language-variants[_ngcontent-ng-c338225980] li[_ngcontent-ng-c338225980]:not(:first-child):before{content:"|";margin:0 .5rem}</style></head> <body dir="ltr"> <noscript>This page is available only with JavaScript enabled</noscript> <iti-root ng-version="19.0.1" ng-server-context="ssr"><div class="grid-container"><iti-shared-notifier-box _nghost-ng-c3555896906="" class="ng-tns-c3555896906-0"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3555896906="" class="notifier-container ng-tns-c3555896906-0"></div></iti-shared-notifier-box><iti-shared-header _nghost-ng-c3117988551=""><header _ngcontent-ng-c3117988551=""><iti-shared-global-message _ngcontent-ng-c3117988551="" _nghost-ng-c3089181228=""></iti-shared-global-message><div _ngcontent-ng-c3117988551="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x show-for-medium"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3117988551="" class="language-nav cell breakout-background ng-star-inserted"><iti-shared-language-selector _ngcontent-ng-c3117988551="" _nghost-ng-c4177906089=""><ul _ngcontent-ng-c4177906089="" class="language-list"><li _ngcontent-ng-c4177906089="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c4177906089="" class="language-button ng-star-inserted" href="/ar/ssac" data-languagelink="ar"> العربية </a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c4177906089="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c4177906089="" class="language-button ng-star-inserted" href="/zh/ssac" data-languagelink="zh"> 中文 </a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c4177906089="" class="ng-star-inserted"><span _ngcontent-ng-c4177906089="" class="language-button selected ng-star-inserted" data-languagelink="en" data-selected="true"> English </span></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c4177906089="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c4177906089="" class="language-button ng-star-inserted" href="/fr/ssac" data-languagelink="fr"> Français </a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c4177906089="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c4177906089="" class="language-button ng-star-inserted" href="/ru/ssac" data-languagelink="ru"> Pусский </a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c4177906089="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c4177906089="" class="language-button ng-star-inserted" href="/es/ssac" data-languagelink="es"> Español </a></li></ul></iti-shared-language-selector></div></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c3117988551="" iticlickoutside="" class=""><iti-shared-header-wrapper _ngcontent-ng-c3117988551="" _nghost-ng-c1138540923=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c1138540923="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x primary-header"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1138540923="" class="cell medium-5 small-3"><iti-shared-header-logo _ngcontent-ng-c1138540923="" _nghost-ng-c711633982=""><a _ngcontent-ng-c711633982="" class="logo-container" href="/en"> Logo <div _ngcontent-ng-c711633982=""><iti-fallback-image _ngcontent-ng-c711633982="" class="show-for-small-only"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://itp.cdn.icann.org/assets/images/www-static/logo/icann_logo.webp"><source type="image/png" srcset="https://itp.cdn.icann.org/assets/images/www-static/logo/icann_logo.webp"><img loading="lazy" alt="ICANN" role="presentation" src="https://itp.cdn.icann.org/assets/images/www-static/logo/icann_logo.webp"></picture></iti-fallback-image></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c711633982=""><iti-fallback-image _ngcontent-ng-c711633982="" class="show-for-medium ng-star-inserted"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://itp.cdn.icann.org/assets/images/www-static/logo/icann-logo-tagline-en_680x152.webp"><source type="image/png" srcset="https://itp.cdn.icann.org/assets/images/www-static/logo/icann-logo-tagline-en_680x152.webp"><img loading="lazy" alt="ICANN" role="presentation" src="https://itp.cdn.icann.org/assets/images/www-static/logo/icann-logo-tagline-en_680x152.webp"></picture></iti-fallback-image></div></a></iti-shared-header-logo></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c1138540923="" class="cell auto"><iti-shared-header-search-login-signup _ngcontent-ng-c3117988551="" _nghost-ng-c1204977649=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c1204977649="" class="wrapper"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1204977649="" class="item show-for-small-only custom-language-popup"><button _ngcontent-ng-c1204977649="" aria-controls="language-picker-dropdown" data-testid="toggle-language-selector" class="pointer" aria-label="en, Select language"><span _ngcontent-ng-c1204977649="">en</span><span _ngcontent-ng-c1204977649="" class="keyboard-arrow-down"></span></button><iti-shared-popup _ngcontent-ng-c1204977649="" id="language-picker-dropdown" aria-description="Select your language" _nghost-ng-c3775589671=""></iti-shared-popup></div><iti-shared-header-search _ngcontent-ng-c3117988551="" _nghost-ng-c3291757879=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c3291757879="" class="show-for-medium search-component-container"><button _ngcontent-ng-c3291757879="" class="search-wrapper"> Search<span _ngcontent-ng-c3291757879="" class="search-icon-secondary-blue"></span></button></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c3291757879="" class="show-for-small-only search-wrapper"><button _ngcontent-ng-c3291757879="" aria-label="search" class="item pointer search-icon-primary-blue"></button></div><iti-dialog _ngcontent-ng-c3291757879="" _nghost-ng-c828859689=""><dialog _ngcontent-ng-c828859689=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c828859689="" class="modal-content"><div _ngcontent-ng-c828859689="" class="modal-header"><button _ngcontent-ng-c828859689="" type="button" aria-label="Close" class="close-btn"></button></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c828859689="" class="modal-body"><iti-shared-search-modal _ngcontent-ng-c3291757879="" _nghost-ng-c3649505328=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c3649505328="" class="search-modal"><label _ngcontent-ng-c3649505328="">Search</label><div _ngcontent-ng-c3649505328="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x"><iti-shared-search _ngcontent-ng-c3649505328="" class="cell large-10 medium-9" _nghost-ng-c2702045528=""><form _ngcontent-ng-c2702045528="" novalidate="" id="searchField" class="search ng-untouched ng-valid ng-dirty"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2702045528="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x align-left align-top"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2702045528="" class="cell rel search__simple-input medium-9"><iti-shared-form-field _ngcontent-ng-c2702045528="" _nghost-ng-c452299901=""><iti-shared-textarea-input _ngcontent-ng-c2702045528="" name="searchField" _nghost-ng-c2277260061="" class="ng-untouched ng-valid ng-dirty"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2277260061="" iticlickoutside="" class="textarea rel"><textarea _ngcontent-ng-c2277260061="" name="textarea" class="textarea__area ng-untouched ng-pristine ng-valid" id="undefined" placeholder="Search All ICANN sites" aria-label="searchInput"></textarea></div><iti-shared-dropdown-list _ngcontent-ng-c2277260061="" _nghost-ng-c3089378542=""></iti-shared-dropdown-list></iti-shared-textarea-input></iti-shared-form-field></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c2702045528="" class="cell search__button medium-3"><button _ngcontent-ng-c2702045528="" class="button default expanded search__button"> Search </button></div></div></form></iti-shared-search><div _ngcontent-ng-c3649505328="" class="cell large-2 medium-3 filtered-search-link"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3649505328="" href="/en/filtered-search">Filtered Search</a></div></div></div></iti-shared-search-modal></div></div></dialog></iti-dialog></iti-shared-header-search><iti-shared-header-user-account _ngcontent-ng-c3117988551="" _nghost-ng-c3738361306=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c3738361306="" class="user-account-component ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3738361306="" class="item-wrapper show-for-medium pipe-divider"><button _ngcontent-ng-c3738361306="" class="item pointer login">Log In</button></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c3738361306="" class="item-wrapper show-for-medium"><button _ngcontent-ng-c3738361306="" class="item pointer login">Sign Up</button></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c3738361306="" class="item-wrapper show-for-small-only"><button _ngcontent-ng-c3738361306="" aria-label="login" class="outline-person pointer login"></button></div></div><iti-dialog _ngcontent-ng-c3738361306="" _nghost-ng-c828859689=""><dialog _ngcontent-ng-c828859689=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c828859689="" class="modal-content"><div _ngcontent-ng-c828859689="" class="modal-header"><button _ngcontent-ng-c828859689="" type="button" aria-label="Close" class="close-btn"></button></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c828859689="" class="modal-body"><iti-shared-header-signout-popup _ngcontent-ng-c3738361306="" _nghost-ng-c4218132866=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c4218132866="" class="sign-out-modal ltr ng-star-inserted"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c4218132866="" class="sign-out-modal-header">Are you sure you want to sign out from <a href="https://www.icann.org">http://www.icann.org</a>?</h3><div _ngcontent-ng-c4218132866="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x align-center"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4218132866="" class="cell small-12 large-3"><button _ngcontent-ng-c4218132866="" data-confirm="" class="button expanded"> Yes </button></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c4218132866="" class="cell small-12 large-3"><button _ngcontent-ng-c4218132866="" data-cancel="" class="button secondary expanded"> Cancel </button></div></div><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c4218132866="" class="sign-out-modal-footer"><span _ngcontent-ng-c4218132866="" class="ng-star-inserted">If you want to sign out from both <a href="https://www.icann.org">http://www.icann.org</a> and ICANN Account, <a href="https://account.icann.org/logout?app_id=0oa9o9k9rp8VUcyJL2p7">click here</a>.</span></h3></div></iti-shared-header-signout-popup></div></div></dialog></iti-dialog></iti-shared-header-user-account><button _ngcontent-ng-c1204977649="" aria-controls="mega-menu" aria-label="mega-menu" class="item outline-menu show-for-small-only"></button></div></iti-shared-header-search-login-signup></div></div><iti-shared-full-screen-display _ngcontent-ng-c1138540923="" _nghost-ng-c1232042173="" hidden=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c1232042173="" class=""><iti-shared-beta-header-mobile-navigation _ngcontent-ng-c1138540923="" _nghost-ng-c1024965557=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="mega-menu"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="grid-x mega-menu__title"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="cell auto">ICANN</h3><button _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" aria-label="close-mega-menu" class="cell mega-menu-icon mega-menu-close ng-star-inserted"></button></div><a _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" role="button" tabindex="0" class="mega-menu__category grid-x ng-star-inserted"><h4 _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="cell auto">Get Started</h4><div _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="mega-menu-icon mega-menu-chevron-right cell"></div></a><a _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" role="button" tabindex="0" class="mega-menu__category grid-x ng-star-inserted"><h4 _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="cell auto">News and Media</h4><div _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="mega-menu-icon mega-menu-chevron-right cell"></div></a><a _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" role="button" tabindex="0" class="mega-menu__category grid-x ng-star-inserted"><h4 _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="cell auto">Policy</h4><div _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="mega-menu-icon mega-menu-chevron-right cell"></div></a><a _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" role="button" tabindex="0" class="mega-menu__category grid-x ng-star-inserted"><h4 _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="cell auto">Public Comment</h4><div _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="mega-menu-icon mega-menu-chevron-right cell"></div></a><a _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" role="button" tabindex="0" class="mega-menu__category grid-x ng-star-inserted"><h4 _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="cell auto">Resources</h4><div _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="mega-menu-icon mega-menu-chevron-right cell"></div></a><a _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" role="button" tabindex="0" class="mega-menu__category grid-x ng-star-inserted"><h4 _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="cell auto">Community</h4><div _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="mega-menu-icon mega-menu-chevron-right cell"></div></a><a _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" role="button" tabindex="0" class="mega-menu__category grid-x ng-star-inserted"><h4 _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="cell auto">Quicklinks</h4><div _ngcontent-ng-c1024965557="" class="mega-menu-icon mega-menu-chevron-right cell"></div></a></div></iti-shared-beta-header-mobile-navigation></div></iti-shared-full-screen-display></iti-shared-header-wrapper><hr _ngcontent-ng-c3117988551="" class="show-for-medium"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3117988551="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x primary-navigation show-for-medium ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3117988551="" class="cell auto"><iti-shared-beta-header-primary-navigation _ngcontent-ng-c3117988551="" _nghost-ng-c3438195540=""><nav _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class=""><ul _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540=""><li _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" tabindex="0" role="button" class="primary-nav-element">Get Started</a><div _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="secondary-navigation-container"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="breakout-background"><iti-shared-beta-header-secondary-navigation _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" _nghost-ng-c4171800029=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="secondary-navigation"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="mega-menu-category"></div></div></div></iti-shared-beta-header-secondary-navigation></div></div></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" tabindex="0" role="button" class="primary-nav-element">News and Media</a><div _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="secondary-navigation-container"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="breakout-background"><iti-shared-beta-header-secondary-navigation _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" _nghost-ng-c4171800029=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="secondary-navigation"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="mega-menu-category"></div></div></div></iti-shared-beta-header-secondary-navigation></div></div></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" tabindex="0" role="button" class="primary-nav-element">Policy</a><div _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="secondary-navigation-container"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="breakout-background"><iti-shared-beta-header-secondary-navigation _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" _nghost-ng-c4171800029=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="secondary-navigation"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="mega-menu-category"></div></div></div></iti-shared-beta-header-secondary-navigation></div></div></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" tabindex="0" role="button" class="primary-nav-element">Public Comment</a><div _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="secondary-navigation-container"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="breakout-background"><iti-shared-beta-header-secondary-navigation _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" _nghost-ng-c4171800029=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="secondary-navigation"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="mega-menu-category"></div></div></div></iti-shared-beta-header-secondary-navigation></div></div></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" tabindex="0" role="button" class="primary-nav-element">Resources</a><div _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="secondary-navigation-container"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="breakout-background"><iti-shared-beta-header-secondary-navigation _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" _nghost-ng-c4171800029=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="secondary-navigation"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="mega-menu-category"></div></div></div></iti-shared-beta-header-secondary-navigation></div></div></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" tabindex="0" role="button" class="primary-nav-element">Community</a><div _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="secondary-navigation-container"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="breakout-background"><iti-shared-beta-header-secondary-navigation _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" _nghost-ng-c4171800029=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="secondary-navigation"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="mega-menu-category"></div></div></div></iti-shared-beta-header-secondary-navigation></div></div></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" tabindex="0" role="button" class="primary-nav-element">Quicklinks</a><div _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="secondary-navigation-container"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" class="breakout-background"><iti-shared-beta-header-secondary-navigation _ngcontent-ng-c3438195540="" _nghost-ng-c4171800029=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="secondary-navigation"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4171800029="" class="mega-menu-category"></div></div></div></iti-shared-beta-header-secondary-navigation></div></div></li></ul></div></nav></iti-shared-beta-header-primary-navigation></div></div></div></header></iti-shared-header><router-outlet data-routeroutlet="" class="ng-star-inserted"></router-outlet><iti-sac-index class="ng-star-inserted"><iti-generic-structured-page subscribelinknewtab="true" _nghost-ng-c3386310749=""><iti-route-driven-hero-banner-container _ngcontent-ng-c3386310749="" _nghost-ng-c3177698898="" class="ng-star-inserted"><iti-standard-hero-banner-subnav _ngcontent-ng-c3177698898="" _nghost-ng-c1614869878="" class="ng-star-inserted"><iti-shared-hero-banner _ngcontent-ng-c1614869878="" _nghost-ng-c4111258385="" style="--large-hero-banner-background: url('https://itp.cdn.icann.org/en/files/general-information/icann-hero-ssac-1170-02-a-02-03-2023-en.jpeg'); --medium-hero-banner-background: url('null'); --small-hero-banner-background: url('null');"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4111258385="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x hero-banner"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4111258385="" class="cell hero-banner__content"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4111258385="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x align-left"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4111258385="" class="cell"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1614869878="" title=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c1614869878="" class="hero-content"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1614869878="" class="hero-content__title"><p _ngcontent-ng-c1614869878="">Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC)</p></div></div></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c4111258385="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x align-left hero-banner__content--description"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4111258385="" class="cell large-6 medium-8 small-12"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1614869878="" content=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c1614869878="" class="hero-content"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1614869878="" ititransformcontentlinks="" class="hero-content__description">The SSAC is a volunteer group of specialists in the technical security field that provides advice and insight to the ICANN community and the Board.</div><div _ngcontent-ng-c1614869878="" class="hero-content__button ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c1614869878="" target="_self" href="https://subscribe.icann.org/subscriptions" class="ng-star-inserted"><button _ngcontent-ng-c1614869878="" type="button" tabindex="-1" class="button secondary dark"> Subscribe </button></a></div></div></div></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c4111258385="" class="cell small-12"></div></div></div></div></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c4111258385="" class="cell menu"><iti-banner-menu-v2 _ngcontent-ng-c1614869878="" class="hero-content__menu ng-star-inserted" _nghost-ng-c2886403800=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c2886403800="" id="banner-menu" class="banner-menu grid-x server-style"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2886403800="" class="rel menu-items"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2886403800="" class="menu-item-container ng-star-inserted" data-index="0"><iti-banner-menu-item _ngcontent-ng-c2886403800="" _nghost-ng-c1864855799=""><span _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" iticlickoutside="" class="banner-menu-item"><span _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" tabindex="0" class="item-dropdown ng-star-inserted"><span _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" class="item-dropdown__active expand-more">SSAC Home</span></span><iti-banner-menu-item-dropdown-list _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" _nghost-ng-c3790247845=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="search-drop-down first-visible"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="scroll-container"><ul _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="no-bullet search-drop-down__results"><li _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" tabindex="0" href="/en/ssac" class="ng-star-inserted"> About the SSAC </a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" tabindex="0" href="/en/ssac/members" class="ng-star-inserted"> Members </a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" tabindex="0" href="/en/ssac/activities" class="ng-star-inserted"> SSAC Activities </a></li></ul></div></div></iti-banner-menu-item-dropdown-list></span></iti-banner-menu-item></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c2886403800="" class="menu-item-container ng-star-inserted" data-index="1"><iti-banner-menu-item _ngcontent-ng-c2886403800="" _nghost-ng-c1864855799=""><span _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" iticlickoutside="" class="banner-menu-item"><span _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" tabindex="0" class="item-dropdown ng-star-inserted"><span _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" class="item-dropdown__active expand-more">SSAC Publications and Correspondence</span></span><iti-banner-menu-item-dropdown-list _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" _nghost-ng-c3790247845=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="search-drop-down"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="scroll-container"><ul _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="no-bullet search-drop-down__results"><li _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" tabindex="0" href="/en/ssac/correspondence" class="ng-star-inserted"> Correspondence </a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" tabindex="0" href="/en/ssac/publications" class="ng-star-inserted"> Publications </a></li></ul></div></div></iti-banner-menu-item-dropdown-list></span></iti-banner-menu-item></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c2886403800="" class="menu-item-container ng-star-inserted" data-index="2"><iti-banner-menu-item _ngcontent-ng-c2886403800="" _nghost-ng-c1864855799=""><span _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" iticlickoutside="" class="banner-menu-item"><a _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" itisharedtorouterlink="" class="item-dropdown__link ng-star-inserted" target="_self" href="https://www.icann.org/technology"><span _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" class="item-dropdown__active">Technology @ ICANN</span></a><iti-banner-menu-item-dropdown-list _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" _nghost-ng-c3790247845=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="search-drop-down"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="scroll-container"><ul _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="no-bullet search-drop-down__results"></ul></div></div></iti-banner-menu-item-dropdown-list></span></iti-banner-menu-item></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c2886403800="" class="menu-item-container ng-star-inserted" data-index="3"><iti-banner-menu-item _ngcontent-ng-c2886403800="" _nghost-ng-c1864855799=""><span _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" iticlickoutside="" class="banner-menu-item"><a _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" class="item-dropdown__link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/community"><span _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" class="item-dropdown__active">Community Home</span></a><iti-banner-menu-item-dropdown-list _ngcontent-ng-c1864855799="" _nghost-ng-c3790247845=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="search-drop-down"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="scroll-container"><ul _ngcontent-ng-c3790247845="" class="no-bullet search-drop-down__results"></ul></div></div></iti-banner-menu-item-dropdown-list></span></iti-banner-menu-item></div></div></div></iti-banner-menu-v2></div></div></iti-shared-hero-banner></iti-standard-hero-banner-subnav></iti-route-driven-hero-banner-container><iti-standard-page-layout-template _ngcontent-ng-c3386310749="" _nghost-ng-c2422093428=""><iti-common-page-layout _ngcontent-ng-c2422093428="" _nghost-ng-c2668004679=""><iti-json-ld _ngcontent-ng-c2668004679="" class="ng-star-inserted"><script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "WebSite", "name": "Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC)", "datePublished": "2023-11-02T00:00:00.000Z" }</script></iti-json-ld><div _ngcontent-ng-c2668004679="" data-testid="common-page-layout-columns" class="grid-x grid-margin-x wrapper-content"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2668004679="" class="cell large-1 show-for-large"><iti-share-icons _ngcontent-ng-c2668004679="" _nghost-ng-c1027764925=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c1027764925="" class="component-container"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1027764925="" class="share-media-buttons"><button _ngcontent-ng-c1027764925="" class="x-icon ng-star-inserted" aria-label="X"></button><button _ngcontent-ng-c1027764925="" class="facebook-icon ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Facebook"></button><button _ngcontent-ng-c1027764925="" class="linkedin-icon ng-star-inserted" aria-label="LinkedIn"></button><button _ngcontent-ng-c1027764925="" class="email-icon ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Email"></button></div><iti-timeout-action-notification _ngcontent-ng-c1027764925="" _nghost-ng-c3844381510=""></iti-timeout-action-notification></div></iti-share-icons></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c2668004679="" class="cell small-12 medium-12 large-11"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2668004679="" class="cell small-12 hide-for-large"><iti-share-icons _ngcontent-ng-c2668004679="" _nghost-ng-c1027764925=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c1027764925="" class="component-container"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1027764925="" class="share-media-buttons"><button _ngcontent-ng-c1027764925="" class="x-icon ng-star-inserted" aria-label="X"></button><button _ngcontent-ng-c1027764925="" class="facebook-icon ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Facebook"></button><button _ngcontent-ng-c1027764925="" class="linkedin-icon ng-star-inserted" aria-label="LinkedIn"></button><button _ngcontent-ng-c1027764925="" class="email-icon ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Email"></button></div><iti-timeout-action-notification _ngcontent-ng-c1027764925="" _nghost-ng-c3844381510=""></iti-timeout-action-notification></div></iti-share-icons></div><main _ngcontent-ng-c2668004679="" id="main" class="grid-x grid-margin-x"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2422093428="" class="cell small-12 large-10-11"><iti-page-link-additional-languages-container _ngcontent-ng-c2422093428="" class="ng-star-inserted"><iti-additional-languages-template _nghost-ng-c338225980="" dir="ltr" class="ng-star-inserted"></iti-additional-languages-template></iti-page-link-additional-languages-container><div _ngcontent-ng-c2422093428="" class="title-content grid-x grid-margin-x align-bottom"><h1 _ngcontent-ng-c2422093428="" class="cell shrink"><span _ngcontent-ng-c2422093428=""></span>Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC)</h1></div><section _ngcontent-ng-c3386310749="" main-content=""><iti-translate _ngcontent-ng-c3386310749="" class="ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-content-with-widgets _ngcontent-ng-c3386310749=""><iti-authored-content-renderer class="ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-expandable-drawers-component _nghost-ng-c1242204678="" class="ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-content-common-header _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" _nghost-ng-c353451689=""><iti-authored-content-headline _ngcontent-ng-c353451689="" class="ng-star-inserted"><h2 class="ng-star-inserted">About the SSAC</h2></iti-authored-content-headline><div _ngcontent-ng-c353451689="" ititransformcontentlinks="" class="wysiwyg-output ng-star-inserted"><p>The SSAC advises the ICANN community and the ICANN Board on matters relating to the security and integrity of the naming and address allocation systems of the Internet. These include operational matters such as those pertaining to the correct and reliable operation of the Root Server System; administrative matters such as those pertaining to address allocation and Internet number assignment; and registration matters such as those pertaining to registry and registrar services like WHOIS. The SSAC also engages in ongoing threat assessment and risk analysis of the Internet naming and address allocation services to assess where the principal threats to stability and security lie, and advises the ICANN community accordingly. </p> <p>SSAC members are technical security professionals who volunteer their time and expertise to improve the security and integrity of the Internet’s addressing system. The SSAC produces reports, correspondence, and comments on a range of topics for the ICANN Board, the ICANN community, and the broader Internet community. The SSAC documents how the SSAC carries out its own work and the accumulated rationale in the <a href="https://itp.cdn.icann.org/en/files/ssac-operational-procedures-v120-09nov2024-12-12-2024-en.pdf" data-linktype="fileRedirectUrl">SSAC Operational Procedures</a>.</p> <p> </p></div></iti-authored-content-common-header><iti-expand-collapse-buttons _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" _nghost-ng-c910192640="" class="ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c910192640="" class="grid-x expand-panel"><button _ngcontent-ng-c910192640="" class="expand-panel__expand-all" aria-label="Expand all null"> Expand All </button> | <button _ngcontent-ng-c910192640="" class="expand-panel__collapse-all" aria-label="Collapse all null"> Collapse All </button></div></iti-expand-collapse-buttons><iti-accordion-table _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" _nghost-ng-c1994844894="" class="no-icon"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x align-middle results-links"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894="" class="cell auto"></div></div><table _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894="" class="table unstriped"><thead _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894=""></thead><tbody _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894=""><tr _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894="" id="undefined" class="ng-star-inserted"><td _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894=""><iti-collapse-container _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894="" _nghost-ng-c2372298323=""><a _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="grid-x align-middle collapsible-container collapsed"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="title-container cell auto align-middle"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="collapsible-container-title"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" class="grid-x item-title no-icon ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" class="cell item-title-title full" id="how-to-become-involved"> How to Become Involved </div></div></h3></div><button _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="arrow-icon cell small-1 medium-1 large-1 arrow-down ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Expand Collapse Button"></button></a><div _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="hidden"><hr _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="collapsible-container-divider"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="collapsible-container-content"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" ititransformcontentlinks="" class="wysiwyg-output ng-star-inserted"><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">We are actively seeking qualified individuals with a passion for internet security and stability. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For those interested in contributing to the Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC), we encourage you to start with our foundational documents: the <a href="https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/governance/bylaws-en/#article12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ICANN Bylaws</a> Section 12.2.b, <a href="https://itp.cdn.icann.org/en/files/general-information/ssac-operational-procedures-v120-09nov2024-12-12-2024-en.pdf" data-linktype="fileRedirectUrl">Operational Procedures</a> and the <a href="https://www.icann.org/en/ssac/publications" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SSAC Publications</a> page. These resources provide a comprehensive view of the SSAC’s mission, operational framework, and contributions to Internet security and stability. You can also attend open SSAC sessions during ICANN meetings to  meet current members and gain insights into SSAC discussions.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Ready to join us? Apply now!  We are accepting applications until 30 June 2025!!</strong></p> <p>To submit your application, please complete the <a href="https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/ssac-application" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SSAC Application Form</a>. Applications for SSAC membership are considered on a rolling basis. </p> <p>The Application Form will ask you to provide the following materials:</p> <ul> <li>Your resume or CV</li> <li>A concise statement of interest outlining your motivation for joining and how you can contribute</li> <li>Links to relevant work, such as presentations or publications (optional)</li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">After submitting your application, you will receive an invitation to complete a questionnaire and your Disclosure of Interest. The SSAC Membership Committee carefully reviews each application, assessing the alignment of candidates' skills and experience with our needs, and conducts interviews with promising candidates. Successful applicants are recommended to the SSAC, and, upon approval, we forward the recommendation to the ICANN Board for formal appointment.</span></p> <p><strong>Have questions? We're here to help!</strong></p> <p>Contact the SSAC support staff at <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#41323220226c3235202727012822202f2f6f2e3326"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="46353527256b3532272020062f2527282868293421">[email protected]</span></a> for any inquiries or additional information. </p></div></div></div></iti-collapse-container></td></tr><tr _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894="" id="undefined" class="ng-star-inserted"><td _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894=""><iti-collapse-container _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894="" _nghost-ng-c2372298323=""><a _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="grid-x align-middle collapsible-container collapsed"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="title-container cell auto align-middle"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="collapsible-container-title"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" class="grid-x item-title no-icon ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" class="cell item-title-title full" id="ssac-core-principles"> SSAC Core Principles </div></div></h3></div><button _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="arrow-icon cell small-1 medium-1 large-1 arrow-down ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Expand Collapse Button"></button></a><div _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="hidden"><hr _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="collapsible-container-divider"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="collapsible-container-content"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" ititransformcontentlinks="" class="wysiwyg-output ng-star-inserted"><p>Within the context of the SSAC’s role as defined in Article 12, Section 12.2(b) of the <a href="https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/governance/bylaws-en">ICANN Bylaws</a>, the SSAC commits to the following principles:</p> <ol> <li>SSAC provides advice to the ICANN Board and the broader internet community on Security Stability and Resiliency (SSR) topics based on evidence, facts, analysis, and considered opinion informed by experience and expertise.</li> <li>SSAC provides comments on ICANN Community issues that have the potential to impact the way in which the SSAC is structured and operates.</li> <li>SSAC participates in ICANN Community activities that are relevant to its SSR role or to the way in which the SSAC is structured and operates.</li> <li>SSAC members participate in the SSAC as individuals, not as representatives of their employers or other organizations, and as equals.</li> <li>SSAC members, when they participate in and beyond the ICANN Community, make it clear whether their statements are their own personal views, the views of their employer, or the agreed views of the SSAC when discussing issues relevant to the SSAC.</li> <li>SSAC members follow the ICANN <a href="https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/expected-standards-2016-06-28-en">Expected Standards of Behavior</a> and interact with each other and with other members of the ICANN Community with respect, honesty and open-mindedness. They are sensitive to all cultures and receptive to new and alternative ideas.</li> <li>SSAC members work together collaboratively and diligently to deliver SSAC work that is clear, effective, well-timed and relevant to the ICANN Community</li> <li>SSAC work clearly speaks to its intended audience, is mindful of their interests, is cognizant of the political environment, and expresses advice and recommendations in a convincing way.</li> </ol></div></div></div></iti-collapse-container></td></tr><tr _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894="" id="undefined" class="ng-star-inserted"><td _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894=""><iti-collapse-container _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894="" _nghost-ng-c2372298323=""><a _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="grid-x align-middle collapsible-container collapsed"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="title-container cell auto align-middle"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="collapsible-container-title"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" class="grid-x item-title no-icon ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" class="cell item-title-title full" id="improving-the-ssac"> Improving the SSAC </div></div></h3></div><button _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="arrow-icon cell small-1 medium-1 large-1 arrow-down ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Expand Collapse Button"></button></a><div _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="hidden"><hr _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="collapsible-container-divider"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="collapsible-container-content"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" ititransformcontentlinks="" class="wysiwyg-output ng-star-inserted"><p>The SSAC has undergone two organizational reviews since it was established.</p> <p>The first organizational review was conducted by JAS Communications whose <a href="https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/ssac-review-final-15may09-en.pdf">Final Report</a> was delivered in May 2009. In response, SSAC conducted a self‐review exercise, which resulted in a coherent and comprehensive SSAC report to the Working Group, delivered in June, 2009. Subsequently, SSAC Support staff and the ICANN Board's Structural Improvements Committee (SIC) produced an <a href="https://www.icann.org/en/groups/ssac/improvements-implementation-plan-18mar11-en.pdf">Improvements Implementation Plan</a> to implement the 33 recommendations outlined in the January 2010 Final report of the ICANN Board SSAC Review Working Group. This plan conforms to all guidance contained in the ICANN Board's Resolution 2010.06.25.05 that the SIC will, in coordination with staff, provide the Board with final implementation plans to conform with the measures recommended by the SIC to address the conclusions and recommendations in the final report of the Board Security and Stability Advisory Committee review Working Group. All elements of the plan were completed as of 18 March 2011.</p> <p>The second organizational review was conducted by Analysis Group whose <a href="https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/ssac-review-final-executive-summary-17dec18-en.pdf">Final Report</a> was delivered in December 2018. The ICANN Board accepted the Final Report and the SSAC's <a href="https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/ssac-review-faiip-13may19-en.pdf">Feasibility Assessment and Initial Implementation Plan</a> in June 2019 (Resolutions 2019.06.23.15 – 2019.06.23.20). All elements of the plan were completed as of <a href="https://www.icann.org/en/board-activities-and-meetings/materials/approved-resolutions-regular-meeting-of-the-icann-board-25-03-2021-en#2.a">25 March 2021</a>.</p></div></div></div></iti-collapse-container></td></tr><tr _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894="" id="undefined" class="ng-star-inserted"><td _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894=""><iti-collapse-container _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894="" _nghost-ng-c2372298323=""><a _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="grid-x align-middle collapsible-container collapsed"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="title-container cell auto align-middle"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="collapsible-container-title"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" class="grid-x item-title no-icon ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" class="cell item-title-title full" id="contacting-the-ssac"> Contacting the SSAC </div></div></h3></div><button _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="arrow-icon cell small-1 medium-1 large-1 arrow-down ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Expand Collapse Button"></button></a><div _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="hidden"><hr _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="collapsible-container-divider"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="collapsible-container-content"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" ititransformcontentlinks="" class="wysiwyg-output ng-star-inserted"><p>Comments and other communications to the committee should be sent to <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#1a69697b7937696e7b7c7c5a73797b74743475687d"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="22515143410f5156434444624b41434c4c0c4d5045">[email protected]</span></a>.</p></div></div></div></iti-collapse-container></td></tr><tr _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894="" id="undefined" class="ng-star-inserted"><td _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894=""><iti-collapse-container _ngcontent-ng-c1994844894="" _nghost-ng-c2372298323=""><a _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="grid-x align-middle collapsible-container collapsed"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="title-container cell auto align-middle"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="collapsible-container-title"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" class="grid-x item-title no-icon ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" class="cell item-title-title full" id="history-of-the-ssac"> History of the SSAC </div></div></h3></div><button _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="arrow-icon cell small-1 medium-1 large-1 arrow-down ng-star-inserted" aria-label="Expand Collapse Button"></button></a><div _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="hidden"><hr _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="collapsible-container-divider"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2372298323="" class="collapsible-container-content"><div _ngcontent-ng-c1242204678="" ititransformcontentlinks="" class="wysiwyg-output ng-star-inserted"><p>At its <a href="https://www.icann.org/en/meetings/mdr2001/">November 2001 meeting</a>, which focused on security issues, the ICANN Board <a href="https://www.icann.org/en/groups/board/documents/prelim-report-15nov01-en.htm#StandingCommitteeonSecurityandStability">directed</a> the President "to appoint a President's standing committee on the security and stability of the Internet's naming and address allocation systems. The President is directed to develop a proposed charter, with at least a focus on risk analysis and auditing thereof, in consultation with the President's standing committee, and to submit it to the Board for its approval."</p> <p>At its meeting on 14 March 2002, the ICANN Board <a href="https://www.icann.org/en/groups/board/documents/prelim-report-14mar02-en.htm#SecurityCommitteeCharter">approved</a> the <a href="https://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/charter-14mar02.htm">charter of the ICANN Committee on Security and Stability</a>.</p> <p>On 13 May 2002, the ICANN Board <a href="https://www.icann.org/en/groups/board/documents/prelim-report-13may02-en.htm#SecurityCommittee">converted</a> the President's Committee on Security and Stability to the Security and Stability Advisory Committee.</p></div></div></div></iti-collapse-container></td></tr></tbody></table></iti-accordion-table></iti-authored-expandable-drawers-component></iti-authored-content-renderer><iti-authored-content-renderer class="ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-card-set class="ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-content-cardset-wrapper _nghost-ng-c3470662025=""><iti-authored-content-common-header _ngcontent-ng-c3470662025="" _nghost-ng-c353451689=""></iti-authored-content-common-header><div _ngcontent-ng-c3470662025="" class="authored-card-set card-alternating-with-footer columns-even"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3470662025="" class="show-for-medium ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-content-layout _ngcontent-ng-c3470662025="" _nghost-ng-c4060669794=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c4060669794="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x grid-margin-y"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4060669794="" class="content-item cell medium-6 ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-card-set-card _nghost-ng-c2325350742="" class="ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-container"><a _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" itisharedtorouterlink="" href="/en/ssac/correspondence" target="_self" class="wrapper-link ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card card-alternating-with-footer ng-star-inserted"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-title cell">Correspondence</h3><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" ititransformcontentlinks="" class="card-description cell ng-star-inserted">View a searchable list of SSAC comments and responses on a range of topics to the ICANN Board, community, and broader Internet community. </div><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-footer cell ng-star-inserted"> READ MORE </div></div></a></div></iti-authored-card-set-card></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c4060669794="" class="content-item cell medium-6 ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-card-set-card _nghost-ng-c2325350742="" class="ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-container"><a _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" itisharedtorouterlink="" href="/en/ssac/members" target="_self" class="wrapper-link ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card card-alternating-with-footer ng-star-inserted"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-title cell">Current Members</h3><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" ititransformcontentlinks="" class="card-description cell ng-star-inserted">Learn more about the leaders and members of the SSAC. Read short descriptions of their technical expertise and experience. </div><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-footer cell ng-star-inserted"> READ MORE </div></div></a></div></iti-authored-card-set-card></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c4060669794="" class="content-item cell medium-6 ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-card-set-card _nghost-ng-c2325350742="" class="ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-container"><a _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" itisharedtorouterlink="" href="/en/ssac/publications" target="_self" class="wrapper-link ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card card-alternating-with-footer ng-star-inserted"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-title cell">Publications</h3><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" ititransformcontentlinks="" class="card-description cell ng-star-inserted">Browse a list of SSAC reports and publications on technical aspects of the security, stability, and reliability of the Internet’s addressing system.</div><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-footer cell ng-star-inserted"> READ MORE </div></div></a></div></iti-authored-card-set-card></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c4060669794="" class="content-item cell medium-6 ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-card-set-card _nghost-ng-c2325350742="" class="ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-container"><a _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" itisharedtorouterlink="" href="/en/ssac/activities" target="_self" class="wrapper-link ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card card-alternating-with-footer ng-star-inserted"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-title cell">SSAC Activities</h3><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" ititransformcontentlinks="" class="card-description cell ng-star-inserted">Get an overview of the SSAC’s current projects, issues being studied, and upcoming meetings through this list of activity reports. </div><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-footer cell ng-star-inserted"> READ MORE </div></div></a></div></iti-authored-card-set-card></div></div></iti-authored-content-layout></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c3470662025="" class="show-for-small-only ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-content-layout _ngcontent-ng-c3470662025="" _nghost-ng-c4060669794=""><div _ngcontent-ng-c4060669794="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x grid-margin-y"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4060669794="" class="content-item cell medium-6 ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-card-set-card _nghost-ng-c2325350742="" class="ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-container"><a _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" itisharedtorouterlink="" href="/en/ssac/correspondence" target="_self" class="wrapper-link ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card card-alternating-with-footer ng-star-inserted"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-title cell">Correspondence</h3><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" ititransformcontentlinks="" class="card-description cell ng-star-inserted">View a searchable list of SSAC comments and responses on a range of topics to the ICANN Board, community, and broader Internet community. </div><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-footer cell ng-star-inserted"> READ MORE </div></div></a></div></iti-authored-card-set-card></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c4060669794="" class="content-item cell medium-6 ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-card-set-card _nghost-ng-c2325350742="" class="ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-container"><a _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" itisharedtorouterlink="" href="/en/ssac/members" target="_self" class="wrapper-link ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card card-alternating-with-footer ng-star-inserted"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-title cell">Current Members</h3><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" ititransformcontentlinks="" class="card-description cell ng-star-inserted">Learn more about the leaders and members of the SSAC. Read short descriptions of their technical expertise and experience. </div><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-footer cell ng-star-inserted"> READ MORE </div></div></a></div></iti-authored-card-set-card></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c4060669794="" class="content-item cell medium-6 ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-card-set-card _nghost-ng-c2325350742="" class="ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-container"><a _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" itisharedtorouterlink="" href="/en/ssac/publications" target="_self" class="wrapper-link ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card card-alternating-with-footer ng-star-inserted"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-title cell">Publications</h3><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" ititransformcontentlinks="" class="card-description cell ng-star-inserted">Browse a list of SSAC reports and publications on technical aspects of the security, stability, and reliability of the Internet’s addressing system.</div><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-footer cell ng-star-inserted"> READ MORE </div></div></a></div></iti-authored-card-set-card></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c4060669794="" class="content-item cell medium-6 ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-card-set-card _nghost-ng-c2325350742="" class="ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-container"><a _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" itisharedtorouterlink="" href="/en/ssac/activities" target="_self" class="wrapper-link ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card card-alternating-with-footer ng-star-inserted"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-title cell">SSAC Activities</h3><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" ititransformcontentlinks="" class="card-description cell ng-star-inserted">Get an overview of the SSAC’s current projects, issues being studied, and upcoming meetings through this list of activity reports. </div><div _ngcontent-ng-c2325350742="" class="card-footer cell ng-star-inserted"> READ MORE </div></div></a></div></iti-authored-card-set-card></div></div></iti-authored-content-layout></div></div></iti-authored-content-cardset-wrapper></iti-authored-card-set></iti-authored-content-renderer><iti-authored-content-renderer class="ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-section _nghost-ng-c4050546724="" class="ng-star-inserted"><iti-authored-content-common-header _ngcontent-ng-c4050546724="" _nghost-ng-c353451689=""></iti-authored-content-common-header><div _ngcontent-ng-c4050546724="" class="wysiwyg-output ng-star-inserted"><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nomcom-openpositions.submittable.com/submit"><img src="https://itp.cdn.icann.org/en/files/nominating-committee-nom-com/icann-pti-leadership-positions-banner-31-01-2025-en.png" alt="Apply Now for ICANN and PTI Leadership Positions" width="470"></a></p></div></iti-authored-section></iti-authored-content-renderer></iti-authored-content-with-widgets></iti-translate></section></div></main></div></div></iti-common-page-layout></iti-standard-page-layout-template></iti-generic-structured-page></iti-sac-index><iti-shared-footer-beta data-footer="" _nghost-ng-c99674354="" class="ng-star-inserted"><iti-shared-footer-beta-v2 _ngcontent-ng-c99674354="" _nghost-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><footer _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="grid-x grid-margin-x breakout-background" dir="ltr"><div _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="grid-x cell medium-12"><div _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="cell large-5 small-12 footer--logo"><iti-fallback-image _ngcontent-ng-c938943326=""><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://itp.cdn.icann.org/assets/images/www-static/logo/icann-logo-tagline-white-en_680x152.webp"><source type="image/png" srcset="https://itp.cdn.icann.org/assets/images/www-static/logo/icann-logo-tagline-white-en_680x152.webp"><img loading="lazy" alt="ICANN" role="presentation" src="https://itp.cdn.icann.org/assets/images/www-static/logo/icann-logo-tagline-white-en_680x152.webp"></picture></iti-fallback-image></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="cell large-7 medium-12 small-12 footer--social"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--header"> Connect with us </h3><div _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--social--links ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--social--x ng-star-inserted" href="https://x.com/icann">X</a><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--social--instagram ng-star-inserted" href="https://www.instagram.com/icannorg/">Instagram</a><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--social--facebook ng-star-inserted" href="https://www.facebook.com/icannorg">Facebook</a><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--social--youtube ng-star-inserted" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ICANNnews">Youtube</a><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--social--linkedin ng-star-inserted" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/icann">LinkedIn</a><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--social--flickr ng-star-inserted" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/icann/">Flickr</a><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--social--soundcloud ng-star-inserted" href="https://www.soundcloud.com/icann/">Soundcloud</a></div><p _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--social--hub-link ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" href="/resources/pages/social-media-2020-12-14-en" class="ng-star-inserted">Explore Our Social Media Hub and Follow Us on ICANN's Official Accounts</a></p></div></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="grid-x medium-12 cell footer--links"><div _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="cell large-2 medium-4 small-12 ng-star-inserted"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--links--title">Who We Are</h3><ul _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--links--submenu"><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/beginners">ICANN For Beginners</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="https://learn.icann.org/">ICANN Learn</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/about/participate">Participate</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/diversity-en">Diversity at ICANN</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/resources/pages/groups-2012-02-06-en">Groups</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/board/directors">Board Members</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/ceo-corner">CEO Corner</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/organization">Staff</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/careers">Careers</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/dprd">Public Responsibility</a></li></ul></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="cell large-2 medium-4 small-12 ng-star-inserted"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--links--title">Contact Us</h3><ul _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--links--submenu"><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/locations">Locations</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/resources/pages/report-security-issues-2018-05-24-en">Report Security Issues</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/contact/certificate-authority">Certificate Authority</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/resources/pages/contact-f2-2012-02-25-en">Registry Liaison</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/ombuds">Ombuds</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/complaints-office">Complaints Office</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/media-en">Media Resources</a></li></ul></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="cell large-2 medium-4 small-12 ng-star-inserted"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--links--title">Accountability and Transparency</h3><ul _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--links--submenu"><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/news/in-focus/accountability/mechanisms">Accountability Mechanisms</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/about/transparency">Document Disclosure</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/resources/pages/irp-2012-02-25-en">Independent Review Process</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/resources/pages/accountability/reconsideration-en">Request for Reconsideration</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/ec">Empowered Community</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/employee-anonymous-hotline-policy-procedures-whistleblower">Employee Anonymous Hotline Policy and Procedures</a></li></ul></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="cell large-2 medium-4 small-12 ng-star-inserted"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--links--title">Governance</h3><ul _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--links--submenu"><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/governance">Governance Documents</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/about/agreements">Agreements</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/resources/reviews/org">Organizational Reviews</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/resources/reviews/aoc">Specific Reviews</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/about/annual-report">Annual Report</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/about/financials">Financials</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/about/planning">Planning</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/news/rfps">RFPs</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/news/litigation">Litigation</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/news/correspondence">Correspondence</a></li></ul></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="cell large-2 medium-4 small-12 ng-star-inserted"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--links--title">Help</h3><ul _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--links--submenu"><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/help">I Need Help</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/help/dispute-resolution">Dispute Resolution</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/help/dndr">Domain Name Dispute Resolution</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/en/help/name-collision">Name Collision</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="https://whois.icann.org/en">ICANN Lookup</a></li><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="https://rdrs.icann.org/">Registration Data Request Service (RDRS)</a></li></ul></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="cell large-2 medium-4 small-12 ng-star-inserted"><h3 _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--links--title">Data Protection</h3><ul _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--links--submenu"><li _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/privacy">Data Privacy Practices</a></li></ul></div></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="grid-x cell footer--copyrights medium-12"><div _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="cell large-5 medium-6 small-12"><span _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="">© Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers</span></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="cell large-auto medium-6 hide-for-small-only footer--copyrights--links"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link small-12 ng-star-inserted" href="/privacy/policy">Privacy Policy</a><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link small-12 ng-star-inserted" href="/privacy/tos">Terms of Service</a><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link small-12 ng-star-inserted" href="/privacy/cookies">Cookie Policy</a></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="cell show-for-small-only small-12 footer--copyrights--links"><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/privacy/policy">Privacy Policy</a><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/privacy/tos">Terms of Service</a><a _ngcontent-ng-c938943326="" class="footer--link ng-star-inserted" href="/privacy/cookies">Cookie Policy</a></div></div></footer></iti-shared-footer-beta-v2></iti-shared-footer-beta></div></iti-root> <link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-KGVURXJ7.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-D4OQ7EUZ.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-MTBWANEV.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-DX5I6CZU.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-D4A2PTZF.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-VCAJZR7P.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-4CP2SPXO.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-WPHKNVOT.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-FZ2UDI4B.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-AVTCRT3T.js"><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="polyfills-7VXN5CO4.js" type="module"></script><script src="scripts-46WXS36Y.js" defer=""></script><script src="main-N7PIUFHA.js" type="module"></script> <script id="ng-state" type="application/json">{"config-api":{"SPA_URL":"http://localhost:8989","RELATIVE_URL_HOST":"/","API_URL":"http://iti-dotcms-live1-lax-prod:8080","APP_RELEASE":"4.0.0-5509-961566","RELEASE_STAGE":"production","GRAPHQL_URL":"http://localhost:11080","DEBOUNCE_TIME":300,"VERSION_CHECK_INTERVAL":3600000,"FORM_SUBMISSION_URL":"https://comment.icann.org/forms/proceeding/","AUTH_AUTHENTICATION_ENDPOINT":"https://account.icann.org","AUTH_CLIENT_ID":"0oa9o9k9rp8VUcyJL2p7","TRANSFORM_RELATIVE_CONTENT_URLS":true,"BANNER_MENU_API_ENABLED":false,"GENERIC_RELATED_ROUTE_EXTRA_ENABLED":false,"REDIRECTION_SERVICE_URL":"http://iti-redirection-service-lax-prod:80","REDIRECTION_SERVICE_ENABLED":true,"HEADER_SEARCH_ENABLED":false,"REVIEWS_V2_ENABLED":false,"USER_COOKIE_NAME":"sso_user","USER_COOKIE_PATH":"/","USER_COOKIE_DOMAIN":".icann.org","BETA_SITE_ENABLED":true,"HERO_BANNER_SUBSCRIPTION_URL":"https://subscribe.icann.org/subscriptions","PRIVACY_COOKIE_NAME":"acked_www_cookie_privacy_notification_mar_2021","PRIVACY_COOKIE_MAX_AGE":365,"CDN_HOSTS":["itp-qa.cdn.icann.org","itp-uat.cdn.icann.org","itp.cdn.icann.org"],"LOG_LEVEL":"info","TRANSFORM_LINK_DOMAINS":["icann.org"],"AUTH_CONTENT_CARDS_OPEN_IN_NEW_WINDOW":false,"SITE_NAME":"ICANN","BOARD_DIRECTORS_GET_COMMITTEES_FROM_STAFF_PROFILE":false,"RA_DOCUMENT_SORT_ITIW_1009":false,"ENGAGEMENT_CALENDAR_DATES_REVISED_DURATION":"P7D","ENGAGEMENT_CALENDAR_SHOW_REGISTER_NOW":true,"ENGAGEMENT_CALENDAR_REVISED_DATES_FLAG":true,"MATOMO_SRC_URL":"https://cdn.matomo.cloud/icann.matomo.cloud/container_dcxlZGo2.js","AUTHORED_CONTENT_TAXONOMY_ENABLED":true,"REGISTRY_AGREEMENTS_CONTRACTED_PARTIES_HEADER_ENABLED":false,"CSV_DOWNLOAD_SERVICE_ENABLED":true,"BLOG_AUTHOR_HONORIFIC_ENABLED":true,"DISABLE_COOKIE_NOTIFICATION":true,"MEGA_MENU_DATA":"{\n \"schemaVersion\": \"1.0.0\",\n \"menu\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"Get Started\",\n \"structure\": [\n {\n \"key\": \"IcannForBeginners\",\n \"title\": \"ICANN For Beginners\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/beginners\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"FellowshipProgram\",\n \"title\": \"Fellowship Program\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/fellowshipprogram\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"NextGenIcannProgram\",\n \"title\": \"NextGen@ICANN Program\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/public-responsibility-support/nextgen\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"History\",\n \"title\": \"History\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/history\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"News and Media\",\n \"structure\": [\n {\n \"key\": \"Announcements\",\n \"title\": \"Announcements\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/announcements\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"Blogs\",\n \"title\": \"Blogs\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/blogs\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"MediaResources\",\n \"title\": \"Media Resources\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/media-en\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"PressReleases\",\n \"title\": \"Press Releases\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/press-releases-en\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"GlobalNewsletters\",\n \"title\": \"Global Newsletters\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"https://info.icann.org/LP---Regional-Newsletter.html\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"NewsSubscriptions\",\n \"title\": \"ICANN News Subscriptions\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"https://subscribe.icann.org/subscriptions\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"RegionalReports\",\n \"title\": \"Regional Reports\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/resources/pages/regional-reports\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Policy\",\n \"structure\": [\n {\n \"key\": \"Policy\",\n \"title\": \"Policy\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/policy\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"DevelopPolicy\",\n \"title\": \"Develop Policy\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/policy#how_is_policy_developed\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"OperationalDesignPhase\",\n \"title\": \"Operational Design Phase (ODP)\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/odp\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"ImplementPolicy\",\n \"title\": \"Implement Policy\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/policy/implementation\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Public Comment\",\n \"structure\": [\n {\n \"key\": \"PublicCommentHome\",\n \"title\": \"Public Comment Home\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/public-comment/\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"UpcomingProceedings\",\n \"title\": \"Upcoming Proceedings\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/public-comment/upcoming-proceedings\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"OpenProceedings\",\n \"title\": \"Open Proceedings\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/public-comment\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"ClosedProceedings\",\n \"title\": \"Closed Proceedings\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/public-comment/closed-proceedings\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"AboutPublicComment\",\n \"title\": \"About Public Comment\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/public-comment/about\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"OtherPublicConsultations\",\n \"title\": \"Other Public Consultations\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/public-comment/other-public-consultations\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Resources\",\n \"structure\": [\n {\n \"key\": \"Resources\",\n \"title\": \"Resources\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/resources\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"BoardActivitiesAndMeetings\",\n \"title\": \"Board Activities and Meetings\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/board-activities-and-meetings\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"AccountabilityMechanisms\",\n \"title\": \"Accountability Mechanisms\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/resources/pages/mechanisms-2014-03-20-en\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"Registrars\",\n \"title\": \"Registrars\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/resources/registrars\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"RegistryOperators\",\n \"title\": \"Registry Operators\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/resources/pages/registries-46-2012-02-25-en\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"DomainNameRegistrants\",\n \"title\": \"Domain Name Registrants\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/resources/pages/domain-name-registrants-2017-06-20-en\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"ContractualCompliance\",\n \"title\": \"Contractual Compliance\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/resources/compliance\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"DomainNameSecurityThreats\",\n \"title\": \"Domain Name Security Threats\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/dns-security-threat\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"PrivacyProxyServices\",\n \"title\": \"Privacy and Proxy Services\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/resources/pages/pp-services-2017-08-31-en\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"GovernmentEngagement\",\n \"title\": \"Government Engagement\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/government-engagement\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"Careers\",\n \"title\": \"Careers\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/careers\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"ComplaintsOffice\",\n \"title\": \"Complaints Office\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/complaints-office\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"INeedHelp\",\n \"title\": \"I Need Help\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/help\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"PhotoMosaic\",\n \"title\": \"ICANN 25th Anniversary Photo Mosaic\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/icann-photo-mosaic\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Community\",\n \"structure\": [\n {\n \"key\": \"Community\",\n \"title\": \"Community\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/community\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"EngagementCalendar\",\n \"title\": \"Engagement Calendar\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/engagement-calendar\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"ASO\",\n \"title\": \"Address Supporting Organization (ASO)\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"https://aso.icann.org/\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"CCNSO\",\n \"title\": \"Country Code Names Supporting Organization (ccNSO)\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"https://ccnso.icann.org/\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"GNSO\",\n \"title\": \"Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO)\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"https://gnso.icann.org/\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"ALAC\",\n \"title\": \"At-Large Advisory Committee (ALAC)\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"https://atlarge.icann.org/\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"GAC\",\n \"title\": \"Governmental Advisory Committee (GAC)\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"https://gac.icann.org/\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"RSSAC\",\n \"title\": \"Root Server System Advisory Committee (RSSAC)\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/rssac\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"SSAC\",\n \"title\": \"Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC)\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/ssac\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Quicklinks\",\n \"structure\": [\n {\n \"key\": \"BoardMeetings\",\n \"title\": \"Board Activites and Meetings\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/board-activities-and-meetings\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"DataProtectionPrivacy\",\n \"title\": \"Data Protection and Privacy\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/dataprotectionprivacy\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"DomainNameRegistrants\",\n \"title\": \"Domain Name Registrants\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/resources/pages/domain-name-registrants-2017-06-20-en\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"EngagementCalendar\",\n \"title\": \"Engagement Calendar\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/engagement-calendar\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"IANAServices\",\n \"title\": \"IANA Services\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"https://www.iana.org/\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"ICANNAcronymsAndTerms\",\n \"title\": \"ICANN Acronyms and Terms\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/icann-acronyms-and-terms\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"ICANNGrantProgram\",\n \"title\": \"ICANN Grant Program\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/grant-program-en\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"NewgTLDs\",\n \"title\": \"New gTLD Program\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"https://newgtldprogram.icann.org/\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"PTI\",\n \"title\": \"Public Technical Identifiers (PTI)\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"https://pti.icann.org/\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"OpenDataPlatform\",\n \"title\": \"Open Data\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"http://opendata.icann.org/\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"QuestionAboutADomainName\",\n \"title\": \"Question About A Domain Name?\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/compliance/complaint\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"TechnologyAtIcann\",\n \"title\": \"Technology @ ICANN\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/technology\"\n },\n {\n \"key\": \"WSIS20Outreach\",\n \"title\": \"WSIS+20 Outreach Network\",\n \"type\": \"Link\",\n \"url\": \"/en/government-engagement/wsis20-outreach-network\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ]\n}","FOOTER_DATA":"{\n \"schemaVersion\": \"1.0.0\",\n \"socialMedia\": [\n {\n \"title\": \"X\",\n \"url\": \"https://x.com/icann\",\n \"className\": \"footer--social--x\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Instagram\",\n \"url\": \"https://www.instagram.com/icannorg/\",\n \"className\": \"footer--social--instagram\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Facebook\",\n \"url\": \"https://www.facebook.com/icannorg\",\n \"className\": \"footer--social--facebook\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Youtube\",\n \"url\": \"https://www.youtube.com/user/ICANNnews\",\n \"className\": \"footer--social--youtube\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LinkedIn\",\n \"url\": \"https://www.linkedin.com/company/icann\",\n \"className\": \"footer--social--linkedin\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flickr\",\n \"url\": \"https://www.flickr.com/photos/icann/\",\n \"className\": \"footer--social--flickr\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soundcloud\",\n \"url\": \"https://www.soundcloud.com/icann/\",\n \"className\": \"footer--social--soundcloud\"\n }\n ],\n \"socialMediaHub\": {\n \"url\": \"/resources/pages/social-media-2020-12-14-en\",\n \"title\": \"Explore Our Social Media Hub and Follow Us on ICANN's Official Accounts\"\n },\n \"privacyPolicy\": {\n \"title\": \"Privacy Policy\",\n \"url\": \"/privacy/policy\"\n },\n \"termsOfService\": {\n \"title\": \"Terms of Service\",\n \"url\": \"/privacy/tos\"\n },\n \"cookiePolicy\": {\n \"title\": \"Cookie Policy\",\n \"url\": \"/privacy/cookies\"\n },\n \"sections\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"Who We Are\",\n \"structure\": [\n {\n \"title\": \"ICANN For Beginners\",\n \"url\": \"/en/beginners\",\n \"routerLink\": true\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"ICANN Learn\",\n \"url\": \"https://learn.icann.org/\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Participate\",\n \"url\": \"/en/about/participate\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Diversity at ICANN\",\n \"url\": \"/diversity-en\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Groups\",\n \"url\": \"/resources/pages/groups-2012-02-06-en\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Board Members\",\n \"url\": \"/en/board/directors\",\n \"routerLink\": true\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"CEO Corner\",\n \"url\": \"/en/ceo-corner\",\n \"routerLink\": true\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Staff\",\n \"url\": \"/organization\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Careers\",\n \"url\": \"/en/careers\",\n \"routerLink\": true\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Public Responsibility\",\n \"url\": \"/dprd\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Contact Us\",\n \"structure\": [\n {\n \"title\": \"Locations\",\n \"url\": \"/locations\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Report Security Issues\",\n \"url\": \"/resources/pages/report-security-issues-2018-05-24-en\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Certificate Authority\",\n \"url\": \"/contact/certificate-authority\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Registry Liaison\",\n \"url\": \"/resources/pages/contact-f2-2012-02-25-en\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ombuds\",\n \"url\": \"/ombuds\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Complaints Office\",\n \"url\": \"/complaints-office\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Media Resources\",\n \"url\": \"/media-en\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Accountability and Transparency\",\n \"structure\": [\n {\n \"title\": \"Accountability Mechanisms\",\n \"url\": \"/en/news/in-focus/accountability/mechanisms\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Document Disclosure\",\n \"url\": \"/en/about/transparency\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Independent Review Process\",\n \"url\": \"/resources/pages/irp-2012-02-25-en\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Request for Reconsideration\",\n \"url\": \"/resources/pages/accountability/reconsideration-en\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Empowered Community\",\n \"url\": \"/ec\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Employee Anonymous Hotline Policy and Procedures\",\n \"url\": \"/employee-anonymous-hotline-policy-procedures-whistleblower\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Governance\",\n \"structure\": [\n {\n \"title\": \"Governance Documents\",\n \"url\": \"/en/governance\",\n \"routerLink\": true\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Agreements\",\n \"url\": \"/en/about/agreements\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Organizational Reviews\",\n \"url\": \"/resources/reviews/org\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Specific Reviews\",\n \"url\": \"/resources/reviews/aoc\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Annual Report\",\n \"url\": \"/about/annual-report\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Financials\",\n \"url\": \"/en/about/financials\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Planning\",\n \"url\": \"/en/about/planning\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"RFPs\",\n \"url\": \"/en/news/rfps\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Litigation\",\n \"url\": \"/en/news/litigation\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Correspondence\",\n \"url\": \"/en/news/correspondence\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Help\",\n \"structure\": [\n {\n \"title\": \"I Need Help\",\n \"url\": \"/en/help\",\n \"routerLink\": true\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dispute Resolution\",\n \"url\": \"/en/help/dispute-resolution\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Domain Name Dispute Resolution\",\n \"url\": \"/en/help/dndr\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Name Collision\",\n \"url\": \"/en/help/name-collision\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"ICANN Lookup\",\n \"url\": \"https://whois.icann.org/en\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Registration Data Request Service (RDRS)\",\n \"url\": \"https://rdrs.icann.org/\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"name\": \"Data Protection\",\n \"structure\": [\n {\n \"title\": \"Data Privacy Practices\",\n \"url\": \"/privacy\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ]\n}"},"globalMessage-{\"languageTag\":\"en\"}":{"data":{"globalMessageOperations":{"__typename":"GlobalMessageOperations","messages":[]}},"loading":false,"networkStatus":7},"generic-structured-page-{\"authoredPageSlug\":\"ssac\",\"languageTag\":\"en\"}":{"data":{"authoredContentOperations":{"__typename":"AuthoredContentOperations","content":{"__typename":"AuthoredContent","relatedGenericContent":[{"__typename":"GenericRelatedContent","topic":"General Information","publishDate":"2025-03-20","link":{"__typename":"ContentLink","title":"About Contracted Parties","contentType":"AuthoredContent","urlFragment":null,"urlArguments":[{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubownerCanonicalId","value":"c5783ba4b1727e78fbdb2ab08fc899ecdc78fda8"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurpose","value":"Generic Structured Page"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwnerId","value":"20"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurposeCanonicalId","value":"3d1eeecc5e1f70593b2e54d1a8eec0acdc7dbc64"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"languageTag","value":"en"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurposeId","value":"255503"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwner","value":"Global Domains and Strategy (GDS)"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurposeSlugified","value":"generic-structured-page"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwnerCanonicalId","value":"fe73804e06ec283f7eae0f6e1749657b56efad2d"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwnerSlugified","value":"global-domains-and-strategy-gds"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubownerSlugified","value":"contracted-parties-registry-operators-and-accredited-registrars"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwnerSlugified","value":"global-domains-and-strategy-gds"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"webContentType","value":"Generic Structured Page"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopic","value":"General Information"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"slug","value":"contracted-parties"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"subtopic","value":null},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwner","value":"Global Domains and Strategy (GDS)"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopicCanonicalId","value":"9ea93004771231496ece6dafc82e821376cf1089"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopicId","value":"256553"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubowner","value":"Contracted Parties (Registry Operators and Accredited Registrars)"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopicSlugified","value":"general-information"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"contentPurpose","value":"generic-structured-page"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"dmsId","value":"cbf0f04c-a36d-4265-adbe-47104afa7436"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"topic","value":"General Information"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwnerCanonicalId","value":"4a293af7dca7e4f7d37e785baebd96c217c32c2c"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubownerId","value":"113"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwnerId","value":"29"}],"requestParameters":[]}},{"__typename":"GenericRelatedContent","topic":"General Information","publishDate":"2025-01-16","link":{"__typename":"ContentLink","title":"SSAC in 2025: Open, Engaged, and Accessible","contentType":"Blog","urlFragment":null,"urlArguments":[{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopicCanonicalId","value":"60d9e3a72c0c4b606f7c192b01f6f4860e7f2557"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopic","value":"General Information"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurpose","value":"Blog"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubownerCanonicalId","value":"03b43afcacf3c1b0d0478a82c3c35339522eeca3"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwner","value":"Communications"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwnerId","value":"27"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurposeId","value":"705"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubowner","value":"Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC)"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"languageTag","value":"en"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwnerCanonicalId","value":"048b1cb3fc2fda11161741c7b1ac0fb01796bb7d"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwnerSlugified","value":"policy-development"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurposeCanonicalId","value":"1f2806bc405d37855b93b5c714c9bd1dbd6ced67"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"slug","value":"ssac-in-2025-open-engaged-and-accessible-16-01-2025-en"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwnerSlugified","value":"communications"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopicId","value":"249152"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwnerId","value":"15"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"webContentType","value":"Blog"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubownerSlugified","value":"security-and-stability-advisory-committee-ssac"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopicSlugified","value":"general-information"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurposeSlugified","value":"blog"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubownerId","value":"83"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwnerCanonicalId","value":"a5171527c5c4d0d5f9eab0d8e2bb6e913779991f"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwner","value":"Policy Development"}],"requestParameters":[]}},{"__typename":"GenericRelatedContent","topic":"General Information","publishDate":"2024-10-09","link":{"__typename":"ContentLink","title":"Security and Stability Advisory Committee: A Year of Progress and Openness","contentType":"Blog","urlFragment":null,"urlArguments":[{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopicId","value":"249152"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurpose","value":"Blog"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurposeId","value":"705"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwnerSlugified","value":"policy-development"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwnerId","value":"27"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubownerSlugified","value":"security-and-stability-advisory-committee-ssac"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopic","value":"General Information"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwner","value":"Policy Development"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"languageTag","value":"en"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwner","value":"Communications"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwnerSlugified","value":"communications"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"webContentType","value":"Blog"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubowner","value":"Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC)"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"slug","value":"security-and-stability-advisory-committee-a-year-of-progress-and-openness-09-10-2024-en"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopicSlugified","value":"general-information"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurposeSlugified","value":"blog"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwnerId","value":"15"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubownerId","value":"83"}],"requestParameters":[]}}],"languageVariants":[{"__typename":"AuthoredContent","title":"Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC)","pageDate":"2023-11-02","metaDescription":"The Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC) is a volunteer group of specialists in the technical security field that provides advice and insight to the ICANN community and the Board.","languageTag":"en","topic":"General Information","subtopic":null,"slug":"ssac","link":{"__typename":"ContentLink","urlArguments":[{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubownerCanonicalId","value":"03b43afcacf3c1b0d0478a82c3c35339522eeca3"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurpose","value":"Generic Structured Page"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwnerId","value":"5"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurposeCanonicalId","value":"3d1eeecc5e1f70593b2e54d1a8eec0acdc7dbc64"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"languageTag","value":"en"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurposeId","value":"255503"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwner","value":"Policy Development"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurposeSlugified","value":"generic-structured-page"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwnerCanonicalId","value":"fca48860a17fbb8a0459cf6fcd46947f92f89219"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwnerSlugified","value":"policy-development"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubownerSlugified","value":"security-and-stability-advisory-committee-ssac"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwnerSlugified","value":"policy-development"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"webContentType","value":"Generic Structured Page"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopic","value":"General Information"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"slug","value":"ssac"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"subtopic","value":null},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwner","value":"Policy Development"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopicCanonicalId","value":"60d9e3a72c0c4b606f7c192b01f6f4860e7f2557"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopicId","value":"249152"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubowner","value":"Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC)"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopicSlugified","value":"general-information"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"contentPurpose","value":"generic-structured-page"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"dmsId","value":"f231758d-d79c-4708-b98a-82ee30276464"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"topic","value":"General Information"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwnerCanonicalId","value":"a5171527c5c4d0d5f9eab0d8e2bb6e913779991f"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubownerId","value":"83"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwnerId","value":"27"}],"contentType":"AuthoredContent"}}],"title":"Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC)","slug":"ssac","metaDescription":"The Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC) is a volunteer group of specialists in the technical security field that provides advice and insight to the ICANN community and the Board.","description":null,"pageDate":"2023-11-02","languageTag":"en","displayTitle":"Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC)","displayDescription":null,"headerBanner":null,"topic":"General Information","subtopic":null,"taxonomy":{"coreSubownerCanonicalId":"03b43afcacf3c1b0d0478a82c3c35339522eeca3","coreBoardCanonicalId":[],"coreContentPurpose":"Generic Structured Page","coreIcannBoard":"No","coreInternalOwnerId":"5","coreContentPurposeCanonicalId":"3d1eeecc5e1f70593b2e54d1a8eec0acdc7dbc64","coreBoard":[],"coreDataPrivacy":"No","coreContentPurposeId":"255503","coreRegionalOrConstGroup":[],"coreStatusCanonicalId":"2eae2bc346d8275d7a5c2f823a13bf879faf2b67","coreMeetingCanonicalId":[],"coreInternalOwner":"Policy Development","coreStatus":"Final","coreContentPurposeSlugified":"generic-structured-page","coreAudience":"Not Applicable","coreInternalOwnerCanonicalId":"fca48860a17fbb8a0459cf6fcd46947f92f89219","corePeriodicReviewId":"4635","coreSupportOrgAdvCommittee":[],"corePeriodicReviewCanonicalId":"cd86460cc514f1341ca0c0ad5f96255450f17621","coreOwnerSlugified":"policy-development","coreSubownerSlugified":"security-and-stability-advisory-committee-ssac","coreInternalOwnerSlugified":"policy-development","coreTopic":"General Information","coreOwner":"Policy Development","coreDataPrivacyCanonicalId":"3b12cc235055db12aa799556720caac358cfc00f","coreTopicId":"249152","coreTopicCanonicalId":"60d9e3a72c0c4b606f7c192b01f6f4860e7f2557","coreMeeting":[],"coreMeetingId":[],"coreRegionalOrConstGroupId":[],"coreBoardId":[],"coreSubowner":"Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC)","coreStatusId":"2","coreDataPrivacyId":"6311","coreTopicSlugified":"general-information","coreIcannBoardCanonicalId":"aa571b75f918e00bd5c33a3a2f4ca13b2aec8f29","coreAudienceId":"4545","coreIcannBoardId":"6313","coreSupportOrgAdvCommitteeCanonicalId":[],"coreRegionalOrConstGroupCanonicalId":[],"coreOwnerCanonicalId":"a5171527c5c4d0d5f9eab0d8e2bb6e913779991f","coreSubownerId":"83","coreOwnerId":"27","coreSupportOrgAdvCommitteeId":[],"corePeriodicReview":"No","coreAudienceCanonicalId":"4ee515cfa17a5e711956844635d0c0ffc12258c1"},"link":{"__typename":"ContentLink","urlArguments":[{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubownerCanonicalId","value":"03b43afcacf3c1b0d0478a82c3c35339522eeca3"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurpose","value":"Generic Structured Page"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwnerId","value":"5"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurposeCanonicalId","value":"3d1eeecc5e1f70593b2e54d1a8eec0acdc7dbc64"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"languageTag","value":"en"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurposeId","value":"255503"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwner","value":"Policy Development"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreContentPurposeSlugified","value":"generic-structured-page"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwnerCanonicalId","value":"fca48860a17fbb8a0459cf6fcd46947f92f89219"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwnerSlugified","value":"policy-development"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubownerSlugified","value":"security-and-stability-advisory-committee-ssac"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreInternalOwnerSlugified","value":"policy-development"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"webContentType","value":"Generic Structured Page"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopic","value":"General Information"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"slug","value":"ssac"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"subtopic","value":null},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwner","value":"Policy Development"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopicCanonicalId","value":"60d9e3a72c0c4b606f7c192b01f6f4860e7f2557"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopicId","value":"249152"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubowner","value":"Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC)"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreTopicSlugified","value":"general-information"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"contentPurpose","value":"generic-structured-page"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"dmsId","value":"f231758d-d79c-4708-b98a-82ee30276464"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"topic","value":"General Information"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwnerCanonicalId","value":"a5171527c5c4d0d5f9eab0d8e2bb6e913779991f"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreSubownerId","value":"83"},{"__typename":"KeyValue","key":"coreOwnerId","value":"27"}],"contentType":"AuthoredContent"},"sectionData":[{"__typename":"AuthoredContentExpandableDrawers","type":"ExpandableDrawers","hierarchy":"0","headerLevel":null,"title":"About the SSAC","description":"\u003Cp>The SSAC advises the ICANN community and the ICANN Board on matters relating to the security and integrity of the naming and address allocation systems of the Internet. These include operational matters such as those pertaining to the correct and reliable operation of the Root Server System; administrative matters such as those pertaining to address allocation and Internet number assignment; and registration matters such as those pertaining to registry and registrar services like WHOIS. The SSAC also engages in ongoing threat assessment and risk analysis of the Internet naming and address allocation services to assess where the principal threats to stability and security lie, and advises the ICANN community accordingly. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>SSAC members are technical security professionals who volunteer their time and expertise to improve the security and integrity of the Internet’s addressing system. The SSAC produces reports, correspondence, and comments on a range of topics for the ICANN Board, the ICANN community, and the broader Internet community. The SSAC documents how the SSAC carries out its own work and the accumulated rationale in the \u003Ca href=\"https://itp.cdn.icann.org/en/files/ssac-operational-procedures-v120-09nov2024-12-12-2024-en.pdf\">SSAC Operational Procedures\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp> \u003C/p>","subheader":null,"showExpandCollapse":true,"trailingSeparator":false,"children":[],"drawers":[{"__typename":"Drawer","icon":null,"name":"6e7ec4d","title":"How to Become Involved","orderNumber":"0","description":"\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We are actively seeking qualified individuals with a passion for internet security and stability. \u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For those interested in contributing to the Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC), we encourage you to start with our foundational documents: the \u003Ca href=\"https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/governance/bylaws-en/#article12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ICANN Bylaws\u003C/a> Section 12.2.b, \u003Ca href=\"https://itp.cdn.icann.org/en/files/general-information/ssac-operational-procedures-v120-09nov2024-12-12-2024-en.pdf\">Operational Procedures\u003C/a> and the \u003Ca href=\"https://www.icann.org/en/ssac/publications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SSAC Publications\u003C/a> page. These resources provide a comprehensive view of the SSAC’s mission, operational framework, and contributions to Internet security and stability. You can also attend open SSAC sessions during ICANN meetings to  meet current members and gain insights into SSAC discussions.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>Ready to join us? Apply now!  We are accepting applications until 30 June 2025!!\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>To submit your application, please complete the \u003Ca href=\"https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/ssac-application\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SSAC Application Form\u003C/a>. Applications for SSAC membership are considered on a rolling basis. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The Application Form will ask you to provide the following materials:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Your resume or CV\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>A concise statement of interest outlining your motivation for joining and how you can contribute\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Links to relevant work, such as presentations or publications (optional)\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After submitting your application, you will receive an invitation to complete a questionnaire and your Disclosure of Interest. The SSAC Membership Committee carefully reviews each application, assessing the alignment of candidates' skills and experience with our needs, and conducts interviews with promising candidates. Successful applicants are recommended to the SSAC, and, upon approval, we forward the recommendation to the ICANN Board for formal appointment.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Have questions? We're here to help!\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Contact the SSAC support staff at \u003Ca href=\"mailto:ssac-staff@icann.org\">ssac-staff@icann.org\u003C/a> for any inquiries or additional information. \u003C/p>","type":"Drawer"},{"__typename":"Drawer","icon":null,"name":"9dc44e2","title":"SSAC Core Principles","orderNumber":"2","description":"\u003Cp>Within the context of the SSAC’s role as defined in Article 12, Section 12.2(b) of the \u003Ca href=\"https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/governance/bylaws-en\">ICANN Bylaws\u003C/a>, the SSAC commits to the following principles:\u003C/p>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>SSAC provides advice to the ICANN Board and the broader internet community on Security Stability and Resiliency (SSR) topics based on evidence, facts, analysis, and considered opinion informed by experience and expertise.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>SSAC provides comments on ICANN Community issues that have the potential to impact the way in which the SSAC is structured and operates.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>SSAC participates in ICANN Community activities that are relevant to its SSR role or to the way in which the SSAC is structured and operates.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>SSAC members participate in the SSAC as individuals, not as representatives of their employers or other organizations, and as equals.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>SSAC members, when they participate in and beyond the ICANN Community, make it clear whether their statements are their own personal views, the views of their employer, or the agreed views of the SSAC when discussing issues relevant to the SSAC.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>SSAC members follow the ICANN \u003Ca href=\"https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/expected-standards-2016-06-28-en\">Expected Standards of Behavior\u003C/a> and interact with each other and with other members of the ICANN Community with respect, honesty and open-mindedness. They are sensitive to all cultures and receptive to new and alternative ideas.\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>SSAC members work together collaboratively and diligently to deliver SSAC work that is clear, effective, well-timed and relevant to the ICANN Community\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>SSAC work clearly speaks to its intended audience, is mindful of their interests, is cognizant of the political environment, and expresses advice and recommendations in a convincing way.\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ol>","type":"Drawer"},{"__typename":"Drawer","icon":null,"name":"bcae03e","title":"Improving the SSAC","orderNumber":"3","description":"\u003Cp>The SSAC has undergone two organizational reviews since it was established.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The first organizational review was conducted by JAS Communications whose \u003Ca href=\"https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/ssac-review-final-15may09-en.pdf\">Final Report\u003C/a> was delivered in May 2009. In response, SSAC conducted a self‐review exercise, which resulted in a coherent and comprehensive SSAC report to the Working Group, delivered in June, 2009. Subsequently, SSAC Support staff and the ICANN Board's Structural Improvements Committee (SIC) produced an \u003Ca href=\"https://www.icann.org/en/groups/ssac/improvements-implementation-plan-18mar11-en.pdf\">Improvements Implementation Plan\u003C/a> to implement the 33 recommendations outlined in the January 2010 Final report of the ICANN Board SSAC Review Working Group. This plan conforms to all guidance contained in the ICANN Board's Resolution 2010.06.25.05 that the SIC will, in coordination with staff, provide the Board with final implementation plans to conform with the measures recommended by the SIC to address the conclusions and recommendations in the final report of the Board Security and Stability Advisory Committee review Working Group. All elements of the plan were completed as of 18 March 2011.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>The second organizational review was conducted by Analysis Group whose \u003Ca href=\"https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/ssac-review-final-executive-summary-17dec18-en.pdf\">Final Report\u003C/a> was delivered in December 2018. The ICANN Board accepted the Final Report and the SSAC's \u003Ca href=\"https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/ssac-review-faiip-13may19-en.pdf\">Feasibility Assessment and Initial Implementation Plan\u003C/a> in June 2019 (Resolutions 2019.06.23.15 – 2019.06.23.20). All elements of the plan were completed as of \u003Ca href=\"https://www.icann.org/en/board-activities-and-meetings/materials/approved-resolutions-regular-meeting-of-the-icann-board-25-03-2021-en#2.a\">25 March 2021\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>","type":"Drawer"},{"__typename":"Drawer","icon":null,"name":"11b21d8","title":"Contacting the SSAC","orderNumber":"4","description":"\u003Cp>Comments and other communications to the committee should be sent to \u003Ca href=\"mailto:ssac-staff@icann.org\">ssac-staff@icann.org\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>","type":"Drawer"},{"__typename":"Drawer","icon":null,"name":"fdb059b","title":"History of the SSAC","orderNumber":"5","description":"\u003Cp>At its \u003Ca href=\"https://www.icann.org/en/meetings/mdr2001/\">November 2001 meeting\u003C/a>, which focused on security issues, the ICANN Board \u003Ca href=\"https://www.icann.org/en/groups/board/documents/prelim-report-15nov01-en.htm#StandingCommitteeonSecurityandStability\">directed\u003C/a> the President \"to appoint a President's standing committee on the security and stability of the Internet's naming and address allocation systems. The President is directed to develop a proposed charter, with at least a focus on risk analysis and auditing thereof, in consultation with the President's standing committee, and to submit it to the Board for its approval.\"\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>At its meeting on 14 March 2002, the ICANN Board \u003Ca href=\"https://www.icann.org/en/groups/board/documents/prelim-report-14mar02-en.htm#SecurityCommitteeCharter\">approved\u003C/a> the \u003Ca href=\"https://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/charter-14mar02.htm\">charter of the ICANN Committee on Security and Stability\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>On 13 May 2002, the ICANN Board \u003Ca href=\"https://www.icann.org/en/groups/board/documents/prelim-report-13may02-en.htm#SecurityCommittee\">converted\u003C/a> the President's Committee on Security and Stability to the Security and Stability Advisory Committee.\u003C/p>","type":"Drawer"}]},{"__typename":"AuthoredContentCardSet","type":"CardSet","hierarchy":"1","title":"Cards","description":"","headerLevel":null,"trailingSeparator":false,"hideTitle":true,"cardClass":"card-alternating-with-footer","sectionLayout":"Columns2","limitCardsShown":false,"cards":[{"__typename":"AuthoredContentCardSetCard","date":null,"title":"Correspondence","description":"View a searchable list of SSAC comments and responses on a range of topics to the ICANN Board, community, and broader Internet community. ","footer":"READ MORE","url":"/en/ssac/correspondence","openInNewWindow":false,"labelTitle":null,"labelColour":null,"textVersion":"","displayInModal":false,"displayTranslationInformation":false,"image":null,"relatedContent":null},{"__typename":"AuthoredContentCardSetCard","date":null,"title":"Current Members","description":"Learn more about the leaders and members of the SSAC. Read short descriptions of their technical expertise and experience. ","footer":"READ MORE","url":"/en/ssac/members","openInNewWindow":false,"labelTitle":null,"labelColour":null,"textVersion":"","displayInModal":false,"displayTranslationInformation":false,"image":null,"relatedContent":null},{"__typename":"AuthoredContentCardSetCard","date":null,"title":"Publications","description":"Browse a list of SSAC reports and publications on technical aspects of the security, stability, and reliability of the Internet’s addressing system.","footer":"READ MORE","url":"/en/ssac/publications","openInNewWindow":false,"labelTitle":null,"labelColour":null,"textVersion":"","displayInModal":false,"displayTranslationInformation":false,"image":null,"relatedContent":null},{"__typename":"AuthoredContentCardSetCard","date":null,"title":"SSAC Activities","description":"Get an overview of the SSAC’s current projects, issues being studied, and upcoming meetings through this list of activity reports. ","footer":"READ MORE","url":"/en/ssac/activities","openInNewWindow":false,"labelTitle":null,"labelColour":null,"textVersion":"","displayInModal":false,"displayTranslationInformation":false,"image":null,"relatedContent":null}],"moreLinks":[],"noResults":null},{"__typename":"AuthoredContentSection","type":"Section","hierarchy":"2","headerLevel":null,"name":"83b2042","title":null,"preamble":"\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Ca href=\"https://nomcom-openpositions.submittable.com/submit\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://itp.cdn.icann.org/en/files/nominating-committee-nom-com/icann-pti-leadership-positions-banner-31-01-2025-en.png\" alt=\"Apply Now for ICANN and PTI Leadership Positions\" width=\"470\" />\u003C/a>\u003C/p>","identifier":null,"trailingSeparator":false,"files":null}]}},"allLanguages":[{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"ar","language":"Arabic","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"da","language":"dansk","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"de","language":"Deutsch","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"en","language":"English","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"es","language":"Spanish","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"fa","language":"فارسی","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"fr","language":"French","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"hi","language":"हिन्दी","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"hy","language":"Հայերեն","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"id","language":"Bahasa Indonesia","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"it","language":"Italiano","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"ja","language":"日本語","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"ko","language":"한국어","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"ms","language":"Bahasa Melayu","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"nl","language":"Nederlands","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"pt","language":"Português","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"ru","language":"Russian","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"si","language":"සිංහල","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"sw","language":"Kiswahili","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"ta","language":"தமிழ்","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"te","language":"తెలుగు","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"th","language":"ไทย","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"tr","language":"Türkçe","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"uk","language":"Українською","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"ur","language":"اردو","primary":false},{"__typename":"LanguageDetails","languageCode":"zh","language":"Chinese","primary":false}]},"loading":false,"networkStatus":7}}</script><script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'929b6bcd2d074822',t:'MTc0MzU0NTQ3NC4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body></html>