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<button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Peace_Corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peace_Corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Peace Corps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peace_Corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_enforcement_and_military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_enforcement_and_military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Law enforcement and military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_enforcement_and_military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environmental_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Environmental issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Ecology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ornamental_fish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ornamental_fish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Ornamental fish </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ornamental_fish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communications_and_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communications_and_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Communications and media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communications_and_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Dance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_perspectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_perspectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Outside perspectives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_perspectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 General information </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Kiribati</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 209 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-209" aria-hidden="true" > 209 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AA%E1%88%AA%E1%89%A3%E1%88%B5" title="ኪሪባስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኪሪባስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="कीरीबाती – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कीरीबाती" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribas" title="Kiribas – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Kiribas" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="كيريباتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيريباتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiriv%C3%A1ti" title="Kiriváti – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kiriváti" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="کیریباتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کیریباتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="কিরিবাস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কিরিবাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96" title="Кірыбаці – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кірыбаці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96" title="Кірыбаці – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кірыбаці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="किरिबाती – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="किरिबाती" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀི་རི་བ་ཏི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀི་རི་བ་ཏི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciribati" title="Ciribati – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ciribati" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="كيريباتي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كيريباتي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A8%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%8C%DE%A9" title="ކިރިބަތީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކިރިބަތީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awoo%C5%82%C3%A1n%C3%AD_Bidit%C5%82ishii_Bik%C3%A9daayah" title="Awoołání Biditłishii Bikédaayah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Awoołání Biditłishii Bikédaayah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="किरिवाटी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="किरिवाटी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Κιριμπάτι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κιριμπάτι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribato" title="Kiribato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kiribato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiribati" title="Quiribati – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Quiribati" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="کیریباتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کیریباتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribaty" title="Kiribaty – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kiribaty" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribaati" title="Kiribaati – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Kiribaati" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciribeas" title="Ciribeas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ciribeas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Chiribati" title="Yn Chiribati – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Chiribati" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="किरिबाटी – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="किरिबाटी" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EB%A6%AC%EB%B0%94%EC%8B%9C" title="키리바시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="키리바시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilipaki" title="Kilipaki – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kilipaki" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB" title="Կիրիբատի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կիրիբատի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="किरिबाती – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="किरिबाती" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="কিরিবাতি – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কিরিবাতি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADribat%C3%AD" title="Kíribatí – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kíribatí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%91%D7%98%D7%99" title="קיריבטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קיריבטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕಿರಿಬಾಟಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಿರಿಬಾಟಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="კირიბატი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კირიბატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribatia" title="Kiribatia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Kiribatia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirib%C3%A8s" title="Kiribès – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kiribès" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kir%C3%AEbat%C3%AE" title="Kirîbatî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kirîbatî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B5" title="ກີຣິບາຕີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກີຣິບາຕີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribatis" title="Kiribatis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kiribatis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciribas" title="Ciribas – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ciribas" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribaty" title="Kiribaty – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kiribaty" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="കിരീബാസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കിരീബാസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirip%C4%81ti" title="Kiripāti – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kiripāti" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8" title="किरिबस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="किरिबस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="კირიბატი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კირიბატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89" title="كيريباتى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيريباتى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="کیریباتی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کیریباتی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯀꯤꯔꯤꯕꯇꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯤꯔꯤꯕꯇꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%98%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ကီရီဘတ်စ်နိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကီရီဘတ်စ်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="किरिबाटी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="किरिबाटी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="किरिबाती – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="किरिबाती" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9" title="キリバス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キリバス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribaati" title="Kiribaati – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kiribaati" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribaati" title="Kiribaati – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Kiribaati" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF" title="କିରିବାତି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କିରିବାତି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8" title="ਕਿਰੀਬਾਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਿਰੀਬਾਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="किरिबाटी – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="किरिबाटी" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="کیریباتی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیریباتی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribas" title="Kiribas – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Kiribas" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiribati" title="Tiribati – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Tiribati" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiripati" title="Kiripati – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kiripati" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiripati" title="Kiripati – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kiripati" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="किरिबाटी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="किरिबाटी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="කිරිබාස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කිරිබාස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="ڪريبتي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪريبتي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="کیریباس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کیریباس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="கிரிபட்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிரிபட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵိရိပတီႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵိရိပတီႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF" title="కిరిబాటి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కిరిబాటి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA" title="ประเทศคิริบาส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศคิริบาส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D3%A3" title="Кириботӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кириботӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilipasi" title="Kilipasi – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kilipasi" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кирибати – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кирибати" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96" title="Кірибаті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кірибаті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="کیریباتی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیریباتی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89" title="كىرىباتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كىرىباتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribatu%C3%A4ns" title="Kiribatuäns – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kiribatuäns" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF" title="吉里巴斯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="吉里巴斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF" title="基里巴斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="基里巴斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ACr%C3%ACb%C3%A1t%C3%AC" title="Kìrìbátì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kìrìbátì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF" title="基里巴斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="基里巴斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%97r%C4%97batis" title="Kėrėbatis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kėrėbatis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF" title="基里巴斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="基里巴斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kiribati" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kiribati" 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kiribati&params=1_25_N_173_00_E_">1°25′N 173°00′E / 1.417°N 173.000°E / 1.417; 173.000</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in the central Pacific Ocean</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kiribati_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kiribati (disambiguation)">Kiribati (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs additional citations for <a 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Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Kiribati%22">"Kiribati"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Kiribati%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Kiribati%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Kiribati%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Kiribati%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Kiribati%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (October 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Kiribati</div><div class="ib-country-names">Ribaberiki Kiribati (<a href="/wiki/Gilbertese_language" title="Gilbertese language">Gilbertese</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kiribati.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Kiribati"><img alt="Flag of Kiribati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/125px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/188px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/250px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kiribati" title="Flag of Kiribati">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Kiribati.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Kiribati"><img alt="Coat of arms of Kiribati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Coat_of_arms_of_Kiribati.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kiribati.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Coat_of_arms_of_Kiribati.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kiribati.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Coat_of_arms_of_Kiribati.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kiribati.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="328" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kiribati" title="Coat of arms of Kiribati"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: Te Mauri, te Raoi ao te Tabomoa ("Health, Peace and Prosperity")</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/Kunan_Kiribati" title="Kunan Kiribati">Kunan Kiribati</a> ("Song of Kiribati")<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="45" data-mwtitle="Kiribati_Anthem_Performed_by_US_Navy_Band.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Kiribati_Anthem_Performed_by_US_Navy_Band.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/Kiribati_Anthem_Performed_by_US_Navy_Band.oga/Kiribati_Anthem_Performed_by_US_Navy_Band.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKiribati_Anthem_Performed_by_US_Navy_Band.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKiribati_Anthem_Performed_by_US_Navy_Band.oga&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKiribati_Anthem_Performed_by_US_Navy_Band.oga&lang=he&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="he" label="עברית ‪(he)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKiribati_Anthem_Performed_by_US_Navy_Band.oga&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKiribati_Anthem_Performed_by_US_Navy_Band.oga&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiribati_on_the_globe_(Polynesia_centered).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Kiribati"><img alt="Location of Kiribati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Kiribati_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg/250px-Kiribati_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Kiribati_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg/375px-Kiribati_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Kiribati_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg/500px-Kiribati_on_the_globe_%28Polynesia_centered%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="861" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tarawa" title="Tarawa">Tarawa</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kiribati&params=1_28_N_173_2_E_type:city_region:KI">1°28′N 173°2′E / 1.467°N 173.033°E / 1.467; 173.033</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Tarawa" title="South Tarawa">South Tarawa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbertese_language" title="Gilbertese language">Gilbertese</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2020 census)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>95.7% <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kiribati" title="Demographics of Kiribati">Gilbertese</a></li> <li>4.3% other<a href="#cite_note-Census_2020-2">[2]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2020 census)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;">96.2% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">Christianity</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">—58.9% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Kiribati" title="Catholic Church in Kiribati">Catholic Church</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">—21.2% <a href="/wiki/Kiribati_Uniting_Church" title="Kiribati Uniting Church">Uniting Church</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">—16.1% other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">Christian</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">2.1% <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Kiribati" title="Baháʼí Faith in Kiribati">Baháʼí Faith</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">1.7% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">other</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">none</a><a href="#cite_note-Census_2020-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Micronesians#Kiribati_people" title="Micronesians">I-Kiribati</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kiribati" title="Politics of Kiribati">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_system_of_government#Parliamentary_republics_with_an_executive_presidency" title="List of countries by system of government">parliamentary republic with an executive presidency</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kiribati" title="President of Kiribati">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taneti_Maamau" title="Taneti Maamau">Taneti Maamau</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_Kiribati" title="Vice-President of Kiribati">Vice-President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Teuea_Toatu" title="Teuea Toatu">Teuea Toatu</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_(Kiribati)" title="House of Assembly (Kiribati)">House of Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Independence <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Granted </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 July 1979</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tarawa" title="Treaty of Tarawa">Treaty of Tarawa</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">20 September 1979</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kiribati" title="Geography of Kiribati">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">811.19<a href="#cite_note-facts-3">[3]</a> km2 (313.20 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">172nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kiribati" title="Demographics of Kiribati">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2021<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">121,388 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">192nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2020 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">119,438<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">147.2/km2 (381.2/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $297 million</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $2,381<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $248 million</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $1,989<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2019)</th><td class="infobox-data">27.8<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>low inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.628<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">medium (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">137th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a> ($)<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">AUD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B12:00" title="UTC+12:00">+12</a>, <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B13:00" title="UTC+13:00">+13</a>, <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B14:00" title="UTC+14:00">+14</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Kiribati" title="Telephone numbers in Kiribati">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Kiribati" title="Telephone numbers in Kiribati">+686</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:KI" title="ISO 3166-2:KI">KI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.ki" title=".ki">.ki</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Kiribati (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkɪrɪbæs/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/ff\/En-us-Kiribati.ogg\/En-us-Kiribati.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Kiribati.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/En-us-Kiribati.ogg/En-us-Kiribati.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Kiribati.ogg" title="File:En-us-Kiribati.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">KIRR-i-bass</a>,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Gilbertese: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[kiɾibas]</a>), officially the Republic of Kiribati (<a href="/wiki/Gilbertese_language" title="Gilbertese language">Gilbertese</a>: Ribaberiki Kiribati),<a href="#cite_note-CIA-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-r1-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-facts-3">[3]</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island country</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a> subregion of <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> in the central <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>. Its permanent population is over 119,000 as of the 2020 census, with more than half living on <a href="/wiki/Tarawa" title="Tarawa">Tarawa</a> <a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">atoll</a>. The state comprises <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Kiribati" title="List of islands of Kiribati">32 atolls</a> and one remote <a href="/wiki/Raised_coral_atoll" title="Raised coral atoll">raised coral island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banaba" title="Banaba">Banaba</a>. Its total land area is 811 km2 (313 sq mi)<a href="#cite_note-IMF_2011-13">[13]</a> dispersed over 3,441,810 km2 (1,328,890 sq mi) of <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a>. The islands' spread straddles the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a> and the <a href="/wiki/180th_meridian" title="180th meridian">180th meridian</a>, making Kiribati the only country in the world located simultaneously in all four hemispheres: the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern</a> hemispheres. The <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a> goes around Kiribati and swings far to the east, almost reaching <a href="/wiki/150th_meridian_west" title="150th meridian west">150°W</a>. This brings Kiribati's easternmost islands, the southern <a href="/wiki/Line_Islands" title="Line Islands">Line Islands</a> south of Hawaii, into the same day as the <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Islands" title="Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a> and places them in the most advanced time zone on Earth: <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B14:00" title="UTC+14:00">UTC+14</a>. Kiribati gained its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a> in 1979. The capital, <a href="/wiki/South_Tarawa" title="South Tarawa">South Tarawa</a>, now the most populated area, consists of a number of islets, connected by a series of <a href="/wiki/Causeway" title="Causeway">causeways</a>. These comprise about half the area of <a href="/wiki/Tarawa" title="Tarawa">Tarawa Atoll</a>. Prior to its independence the country exported <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a>, but those mines are no longer viable. <a href="/wiki/Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisheries">Fisheries</a> and the export of <a href="/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">copra</a> drive much of the economy. Kiribati is one of the <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">least developed countries</a> in the world and is highly dependent on international aid for its economy. Kiribati is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Community" title="Pacific Community">Pacific Community</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_States" title="Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States">Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States</a>, and became a full member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-16">[16]</a> As an island nation, the islands are <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_small_island_countries" title="Effects of climate change on small island countries">vulnerable to climate change</a> and tsunamis. <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">Addressing climate change</a> has been a central part of its international policy, as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Small_Island_States" title="Alliance of Small Island States">Alliance of Small Island States</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_pronunciation">Etymology and pronunciation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and pronunciation">edit</a>]</div> The name is pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkɪrɪbæs/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">KIRR-i-bass</a>, as -ti in the <a href="/wiki/Gilbertese_language" title="Gilbertese language">Gilbertese language</a> represents an [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>] sound.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Similarly, the name of its people, the I-Kiribati, is pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/iːˈkɪrɪbæs/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">ee-KIRR-i-bass</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FMIB_53006_Gilbert_or_Kingsmill_Islands.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/FMIB_53006_Gilbert_or_Kingsmill_Islands.jpeg/220px-FMIB_53006_Gilbert_or_Kingsmill_Islands.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/FMIB_53006_Gilbert_or_Kingsmill_Islands.jpeg/330px-FMIB_53006_Gilbert_or_Kingsmill_Islands.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/FMIB_53006_Gilbert_or_Kingsmill_Islands.jpeg/440px-FMIB_53006_Gilbert_or_Kingsmill_Islands.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Gilbert or Kingsmill Islands, 1890</figcaption></figure> The name Kiribati was adopted upon the country's independence in 1979. It is the Gilbertese rendition of Gilberts, the plural of the English name of the nation's main archipelago, the <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Islands" title="Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> It was named îles Gilbert (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> for 'Gilbert Islands') in about 1820 by Russian admiral <a href="/wiki/Adam_Johann_von_Krusenstern" title="Adam Johann von Krusenstern">Adam von Krusenstern</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> and French captain <a href="/wiki/Louis-Isidore_Duperrey" title="Louis-Isidore Duperrey">Louis Duperrey</a>,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> after the British <a href="/wiki/Sea_captain" title="Sea captain">captain</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gilbert_(sea_captain)" title="Thomas Gilbert (sea captain)">Thomas Gilbert</a>. Gilbert and captain <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_(Royal_Navy_officer,_born_1748)" title="John Marshall (Royal Navy officer, born 1748)">John Marshall</a> sighted some of the islands in 1788, while crossing the "outer passage" route from <a href="/wiki/Port_Jackson" title="Port Jackson">Port Jackson</a> to <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jps.auckland.ac.nz-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonald1982-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-LifeMagazine1944-05-22-24">[24]</a> Both von Krusenstern's and Duperrey's maps, published in 1824, were written in French.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In French, the Northern Islands were until then called îles Mulgrave and <a href="/wiki/Nikunau" title="Nikunau">Byron Island</a> was not part of them. In English, the archipelago, particularly the southern part, was often referred to as the Kingsmills in the 19th century, although the name Gilbert Islands was used increasingly, including in the <a href="/wiki/British_Western_Pacific_Territories" title="British Western Pacific Territories">Western Pacific Order in Council</a> of 1877 and in the Pacific Order of 1893.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The name Gilbert, already in the name of the British protectorate since 1892, was incorporated into the name of the entire <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony">Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony</a> (GEIC) from 1916 and was retained after the Ellice Islands became the separate country of <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> in 1976. The spelling of Gilberts in the Gilbertese language as Kiribati may be found in books in Gilbertese prepared by <a href="/wiki/Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries">missionaries</a>, but with the meaning of Gilbertese (<a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">demonym</a> and language) (see e.g., Hawaiian Board of Missionaries, 1895).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHBM1895-27">[27]</a> The first mention as a dictionary entry of the word Kiribati as the native name of the country was written down in 1952 by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Sabatier" title="Ernest Sabatier">Ernest Sabatier</a> in his comprehensive Dictionnaire gilbertin–français.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The indigenous name often suggested for the Gilbert Islands proper is Tungaru (see e.g., <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Sabatier" title="Ernest Sabatier">Ernest Sabatier</a>, 1952–1953, or <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Grimble" title="Arthur Grimble">Arthur Grimble</a>, 1989<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimble1989-28">[28]</a>). The rendition Kiribati for Gilberts was chosen as the official name of the new independent state by the chief minister, Sir <a href="/wiki/Ieremia_Tabai" title="Ieremia Tabai">Ieremia Tabai</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Kiribati" title="Cabinet of Kiribati">cabinet</a>, on such grounds that it was modern,<a href="#cite_note-cind-29">[29]</a> and to comprehend the inclusion of outer islands (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">the Phoenix Group</a> and Line Islands), which were not considered part of the Tungaru (or Gilberts) chain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESabatier1954-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[note 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-32">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kiribati" title="History of Kiribati">History of Kiribati</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tabiteuean_warriors_of_the_Gilberts_Islands,_about_1840.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Tabiteuean_warriors_of_the_Gilberts_Islands%2C_about_1840.png/220px-Tabiteuean_warriors_of_the_Gilberts_Islands%2C_about_1840.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Tabiteuean_warriors_of_the_Gilberts_Islands%2C_about_1840.png/330px-Tabiteuean_warriors_of_the_Gilberts_Islands%2C_about_1840.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Tabiteuean_warriors_of_the_Gilberts_Islands%2C_about_1840.png/440px-Tabiteuean_warriors_of_the_Gilberts_Islands%2C_about_1840.png 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption>Gilbertese warriors of <a href="/wiki/Tabiteuea" title="Tabiteuea">Tabiteuea</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Leiomano" title="Leiomano">shark's teeth weapons</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1841</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> The area now called Kiribati has been inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a> speaking the same <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic language</a>, from north to south, including the southernmost <a href="/wiki/Nui_(atoll)" title="Nui (atoll)">Nui</a>, since sometime between 3000 BCE<a href="#cite_note-cind-29">[29]</a> and 1300 CE.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas20035-33">[32]</a> The area was not completely isolated; later, voyagers from <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> introduced some <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesian</a> cultural aspects, respectively. Intermarriage and intense navigation between the islands tended to blur cultural differences and resulted in a significant degree of cultural homogenization.<a href="#cite_note-brit-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Local oral historians chiefly in the form of lore keepers suggest that the area was first inhabited by a group of seafaring people from <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a>, who were described as being dark-skinned, frizzy-haired, and short in stature. These <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a> were then visited by early <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a> seafarers from the west, a place called Matang, orally described as being tall and fair-skinned. Eventually, both groups intermittently clashed and intermingled until they slowly became a uniform population.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Makin_Islander.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Makin_Islander.jpg/220px-Makin_Islander.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Makin_Islander.jpg/330px-Makin_Islander.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Makin_Islander.jpg/440px-Makin_Islander.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of a native of the <a href="/wiki/Makin_(islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makin (islands)">Makin</a> Islands, drawn by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Thomas_Agate" title="Alfred Thomas Agate">Alfred Thomas Agate</a> (1841)</figcaption></figure> Around 1300 CE, a mass departure occurred from <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> leading to the addition of Polynesian ancestry into the mix of most Gilbertese people. These Samoans later brought strong features of <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian languages</a> and culture, creating clans based on their own Samoan traditions and slowly intertwining with the indigenous clans and powers already dominant in Kiribati. Around the 15th century, starkly contrasting systems of governance arose between the northern islands, primarily under chiefly rule (uea), and the central and southern islands, primarily under the rule of their council of elders (unimwaane). <a href="/wiki/Tabiteuea" title="Tabiteuea">Tabiteuea</a> could be an exception as the sole island that is known as maintaining a traditional <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarian</a> society. The name Tabiteuea stems from the root phrase Tabu-te-Uea, meaning "chiefs are forbidden".<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> Civil war soon became a factor, with acquisition of land being the main form of conquest. Clans and chiefs began fighting over resources, fueled by hatred and reignited blood feuds, which may have started months, years, or even decades before.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The turmoil lasted well into the European visitation and colonial era, which led to certain islands decimating their foes with the help of guns and cannon-equipped ships that Europeans provided to some I-Kiribati leaders.<a href="#cite_note-jps.auckland.ac.nz-22">[22]</a> The typical military arms of the I-Kiribati at this time were shark tooth-embedded wooden spears, knives, and swords, and garbs of armour fashioned from dense coconut fibre. They chiefly used these instead of the gunpowder and weapons of steel available at the time, because of the strong sentimental value of the equipment handed down through generations. Ranged weapons, such as bows, slings, and javelins, were seldom used; <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kiribati#Kiribati_traditional_martial_arts" title="Culture of Kiribati">hand-to-hand combat</a> was a prominent skill still practised today, though seldom mentioned because of various taboos associated with it, secrecy being the primary one. <a href="/wiki/Abemama" title="Abemama">Abemama</a>'s High Chief <a href="/wiki/Tembinok%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Tembinok'">Tembinok'</a> was the last of the dozens of expansionist chiefs of Gilbert Islands of this period, despite Abemama historically conforming to the traditional southern islands' governance of their respective unimwaane. He was immortalised in <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>'s book In the South Seas, which delved into the high chief's character and method of rule during Stevenson's stay in Abemama. The 90th anniversary of his arrival in the Gilbert Islands was chosen to celebrate the independence of Kiribati on 12 July 1979.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_era">Colonial era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colonial era">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/British_Western_Pacific_Territories" title="British Western Pacific Territories">British Western Pacific Territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Gilbert and Ellice Islands</a></div> Chance visits by European ships occurred in the 17th and 18th centuries,<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> while those ships attempted circumnavigations of the world, or sought sailing routes from the south to north Pacific Ocean. A passing trade, whaling the On-The-Line grounds,<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> and labour ships associated with the coercive labour recruitment practices, known as <a href="/wiki/Blackbirding" title="Blackbirding">blackbirding</a>. This recruitment of <a href="/wiki/Kanaka_(Pacific_Island_worker)" title="Kanaka (Pacific Island worker)">Kanaka</a> workers in large numbers during the 19th century, had social, economic, political, religious and cultural consequences. More than 9,000 workers were sent abroad from 1845 to 1895, most of them not returning.<a href="#cite_note-cind-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> The passing trade gave rise to European, Indian, Chinese, Samoan, and other residents from the 1830s; they included <a href="/wiki/Beachcombing" title="Beachcombing">beachcombers</a>, castaways,<a href="#cite_note-maude-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICC-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-BC-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-RC-46">[45]</a> traders, and missionaries. Dr <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Bingham_II" title="Hiram Bingham II">Hiram Bingham II</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Commissioners_for_Foreign_Missions" title="American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions">American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions</a> (ABCFM) arrived on <a href="/wiki/Abaiang" title="Abaiang">Abaiang</a> in 1857. The Roman Catholic faith was introduced on <a href="/wiki/Nonouti" title="Nonouti">Nonouti</a> around 1880 by 2 Gilbert islanders, Betero and Tiroi, who had become Christians in Tahiti. Father Joseph Leray, Father Edward Bontemps and Brother Conrad Weber, Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Missionaries of the Sacred Heart">Missionaries of the Sacred Heart</a> arrived on Nonouti in 1888.<a href="#cite_note-MKT-47">[46]</a> The Protestant missionaries of the <a href="/wiki/London_Missionary_Society" title="London Missionary Society">London Missionary Society</a> (LMS) were also active in the southern Gilberts. On 15 October 1870, Rev. Samuel James Whitmee of the LMS arrived at <a href="/wiki/Arorae" title="Arorae">Arorae</a>, and later that month he visited <a href="/wiki/Tamana,_Kiribati" title="Tamana, Kiribati">Tamana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onotoa" title="Onotoa">Onotoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beru_(atoll)" title="Beru (atoll)">Beru</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SJM-48">[47]</a> In August 1872, <a href="/wiki/George_Pratt_(missionary)" title="George Pratt (missionary)">George Pratt</a> of the LMS visited the islands.<a href="#cite_note-LMS-49">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Declaration_of_a_protectorate_on_Abemama_by_Captain_Davis,_27th_May_1892.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Declaration_of_a_protectorate_on_Abemama_by_Captain_Davis%2C_27th_May_1892.JPG/220px-Declaration_of_a_protectorate_on_Abemama_by_Captain_Davis%2C_27th_May_1892.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Declaration_of_a_protectorate_on_Abemama_by_Captain_Davis%2C_27th_May_1892.JPG/330px-Declaration_of_a_protectorate_on_Abemama_by_Captain_Davis%2C_27th_May_1892.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Declaration_of_a_protectorate_on_Abemama_by_Captain_Davis%2C_27th_May_1892.JPG/440px-Declaration_of_a_protectorate_on_Abemama_by_Captain_Davis%2C_27th_May_1892.JPG 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption> Declaration of a protectorate on <a href="/wiki/Abemama" title="Abemama">Abemama</a> by Captain <a href="/wiki/Edward_H.M._Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward H.M. Davis">EHM Davis</a>, 27 May 1892</figcaption></figure> In 1886, an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-German_Declarations_about_the_Western_Pacific_Ocean" title="Anglo-German Declarations about the Western Pacific Ocean">Anglo-German agreement</a> partitioned the "unclaimed" central Pacific, leaving <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> in the German sphere of influence, while <a href="/wiki/Banaba" title="Banaba">Ocean Island</a> and the future GEIC wound up in the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British sphere of influence</a>. In 1892, local Gilbertese authorities (an uea, a chief from the Northern Gilbert Group, and atun te boti or head of clan<a href="#cite_note-maude2-50">[49]</a>) on each of the Gilbert Islands agreed to Captain <a href="/wiki/Edward_H.M._Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward H.M. Davis">Edward Davis</a> commanding <a href="/wiki/HMS_Royalist_(1883)" title="HMS Royalist (1883)">HMS Royalist</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> declaring them part of a <a href="/wiki/British_protectorate" title="British protectorate">British protectorate</a>, along with the nearby <a href="/wiki/Ellice_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellice Islands">Ellice Islands</a>. They were administered by a <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Governor of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands">resident commissioner</a> based first on <a href="/wiki/Butaritari" title="Butaritari">Makin Islands</a> (1893–95), then in <a href="/wiki/Betio" title="Betio">Betio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarawa" title="Tarawa">Tarawa</a> (1896–1908) and <a href="/wiki/Banaba" title="Banaba">Ocean Island</a> (1908–1942), protectorate who was under the <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_for_the_Western_Pacific" title="High Commissioner for the Western Pacific">Western Pacific High Commission</a> (WPHC) based in Fiji.<a href="#cite_note-BBCtimeline-51">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/Banaba" title="Banaba">Banaba</a>, known to Europeans as Ocean Island, was added to the protectorate in 1900, because of the <a href="/wiki/Phosphorite" title="Phosphorite">phosphate rock</a> of its soil (discovered in 1900). This <a href="/wiki/Phosphate_mining_in_Banaba_and_Nauru" title="Phosphate mining in Banaba and Nauru">discovery and the mining</a> provided a significant amount of revenue, in the form of taxes and duties, to the WPHC. The conduct of <a href="/wiki/William_Telfer_Campbell" title="William Telfer Campbell">William Telfer Campbell</a>, the second resident commissioner of the Gilberts and Ellice Islands of 1896 to 1908, was criticised as to his legislative, judicial and administrative management (including allegations of forced labour exacted from islanders) and became the subject of the 1909 report by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_William_Mahaffy" title="Arthur William Mahaffy">Arthur Mahaffy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> In 1913, an anonymous correspondent to <a href="/wiki/The_New_Age" title="The New Age">The New Age</a> newspaper described the maladministration of W. Telfer Campbell and challenged the impartiality of Arthur Mahaffy, because he was a former colonial official in the Gilberts.<a href="#cite_note-AN-53">[52]</a> The anonymous correspondent also criticised the operations of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Phosphate_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Phosphate Company">Pacific Phosphate Company</a> on Ocean Island.<a href="#cite_note-AN-53">[52]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_314_Clipper_in_cruise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Boeing_314_Clipper_in_cruise.jpg/220px-Boeing_314_Clipper_in_cruise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Boeing_314_Clipper_in_cruise.jpg/330px-Boeing_314_Clipper_in_cruise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Boeing_314_Clipper_in_cruise.jpg/440px-Boeing_314_Clipper_in_cruise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper" title="Boeing 314 Clipper">Boeing 314 Clipper</a> in cruise, 1940</figcaption></figure> The islands became the <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">crown colony</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Gilbert and Ellice Islands</a> in 1916.<a href="#cite_note-brit-34">[33]</a> The Northern Line Islands, including Christmas Island (<a href="/wiki/Kiritimati" title="Kiritimati">Kiritimati</a>),<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> were added to the colony in 1919, and the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix Islands</a> were added in 1937 with the purpose of a <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands_Settlement_Scheme" title="Phoenix Islands Settlement Scheme">Phoenix Islands Settlement Scheme</a>. On 12 July 1940, <a href="/wiki/Pan_Am" title="Pan Am">Pan Am</a> Airways' <a href="/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper" title="Boeing 314 Clipper">American Clipper</a> landed at <a href="/wiki/Kanton_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanton Island">Canton Island</a> for the first time during a flight from <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a> to <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Grimble" title="Arthur Grimble">Arthur Grimble</a> was a cadet administrative officer based at Tarawa (1913–1919) and became Resident Commissioner of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony in 1926.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimble1952-56">[55]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_Gilbert_Ellice_Islands_1939_3p.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Stamp_Gilbert_Ellice_Islands_1939_3p.jpg/220px-Stamp_Gilbert_Ellice_Islands_1939_3p.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Stamp_Gilbert_Ellice_Islands_1939_3p.jpg/330px-Stamp_Gilbert_Ellice_Islands_1939_3p.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Stamp_Gilbert_Ellice_Islands_1939_3p.jpg/440px-Stamp_Gilbert_Ellice_Islands_1939_3p.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Stamp with portrait of <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">King George VI</a>, 1939</figcaption></figure> In 1902, the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Cable_Station" title="Pacific Cable Station">Pacific Cable Board</a> laid the first trans-Pacific telegraph cable from <a href="/wiki/Bamfield" title="Bamfield">Bamfield</a>, British Columbia, to <a href="/wiki/Fanning_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanning Island">Fanning Island</a> (Tabuaeran) in the Line Islands, and from Fiji to Fanning Island, thus completing the <a href="/wiki/All_Red_Line" title="All Red Line">All Red Line</a>, a series of telegraph lines circumnavigating the globe completely within the British Empire. The location of Fanning Island, one of the closest formations to Hawaii, led to its annexation by the British Empire in 1888. Nearby candidates including <a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmyra Island">Palmyra Island</a> were not favoured due to the lack of adequate landing sites.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The United States eventually incorporated the Northern Line Islands into its territories, and did the same with the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix Islands</a>, which lie between Gilberts and the Line Islands, including <a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker</a> islands, thus causing a territorial dispute. That was eventually resolved and they finally became part of Kiribati under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tarawa" title="Treaty of Tarawa">Treaty of Tarawa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tarawa.jpg/220px-Tarawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tarawa.jpg/330px-Tarawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tarawa.jpg/440px-Tarawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2370" /></a><figcaption>American Marines assault a Japanese bunker during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Battle of Tarawa</a>, November 1943</figcaption></figure> After the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>, during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butaritari" title="Butaritari">Butaritari</a> and Tarawa, and others of the Northern Gilbert group, were <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Gilbert_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands">occupied by Japan</a> from 1941 to 1943. <a href="/wiki/Betio" title="Betio">Betio</a> became an airfield and supply base. The expulsion of the Japanese military in late 1943 involved one of the bloodiest battles in <a href="/wiki/US_Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="US Marine Corps">US Marine Corps</a> history. Marines landed in November 1943 and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Battle of Tarawa</a> ensued. <a href="/wiki/Banaba" title="Banaba">Ocean Island</a>, the headquarters of the colony, was bombed, evacuated and occupied by Japan in 1942 and not freed until 1945, after the massacre of all but one of the Gilbertese on the island by the Japanese forces. <a href="/wiki/Funafuti" title="Funafuti">Funafuti</a> hosted then the provisional headquarters of the colony from 1942 to 1946, when Tarawa returned to host the headquarters, replacing Ocean Island.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] At the end of 1945, most of the remaining inhabitants of Banaba, repatriated from <a href="/wiki/Kosrae" title="Kosrae">Kosrae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> and Tarawa, were relocated to <a href="/wiki/Rabi_Island" title="Rabi Island">Rabi Island</a>, a land of Fiji that the British government had acquired in 1942 for this purpose.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> On 1 January 1953, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_resident_commissioners_and_governors_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="List of resident commissioners and governors of the Solomon Islands">British Western Pacific High Commissioner</a> of the colony was transferred from Fiji to the new capital of <a href="/wiki/Honiara" title="Honiara">Honiara</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/British_Solomon_Islands" title="British Solomon Islands">British Solomon Islands</a>, with the Gilberts' Resident Commissioner still headquartered in Tarawa.<a href="#cite_note-Macdonald,_B._K._1982-59">[58]</a> Further military operations in the colony occurred in the late 1950s and early 1960s when <a href="/wiki/Kiritimati" title="Kiritimati">Christmas Island</a> was used by the United States and United Kingdom for <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_testing" title="Nuclear weapons testing">nuclear weapons testing</a> including <a href="/wiki/Thermonuclear_weapon" title="Thermonuclear weapon">hydrogen bombs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> Institutions of internal self-rule were established on Tarawa from about 1967. The Ellice Islands asked for separation from the rest of the colony in 1974 and granted their own internal self-rule institutions. The separation entered into force on 1 January 1976. In 1978, the Ellice Islands became the independent state of <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-32">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence">Independence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Independence">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KiribatiPresidential_Residence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/KiribatiPresidential_Residence.jpg/220px-KiribatiPresidential_Residence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/KiribatiPresidential_Residence.jpg/330px-KiribatiPresidential_Residence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/KiribatiPresidential_Residence.jpg/440px-KiribatiPresidential_Residence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>The Presidential residence, former <a href="/wiki/Government_House" title="Government House">Government House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bairiki" title="Bairiki">Bairiki</a></figcaption></figure> The Gilbert Islands gained independence as the Republic of Kiribati on 12 July 1979.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> Then, in September, the United States relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix</a> and Line Islands, in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati (<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tarawa" title="Treaty of Tarawa">ratified in 1983</a>).<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> Although the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Gilbertese_language" title="Gilbertese language">Gilbertese</a> name for the Gilbert Islands proper is "Tungaru", the new state chose the name "Kiribati", the Gilbertese spelling of "Gilberts", because it was more modern and as an equivalent of the former colony to acknowledge the inclusion of Banaba, the Line Islands, and the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix Islands</a>. The last two archipelagoes were never initially occupied by Gilbertese until the British authorities, and later the Republic Government, resettled Gilbertese there under resettlement schemes.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-63">[62]</a> In 1982, the first <a href="/wiki/1982_Kiribati_parliamentary_election" title="1982 Kiribati parliamentary election">elections since independence</a> were held. A no-confidence vote provoked the <a href="/wiki/1983_Kiribati_parliamentary_election" title="1983 Kiribati parliamentary election">1983 new election</a>. In the post-independence era, <a href="/wiki/Overcrowding" title="Overcrowding">overcrowding</a> has been an issue, at least in British and aid organisations' eyes. In 1988, an announcement was made that 4,700 residents of the main island group would be resettled onto less populated islands. In September 1994, <a href="/wiki/Teburoro_Tito" title="Teburoro Tito">Teburoro Tito</a> from the opposition was elected president.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> In 1995, Kiribati unilaterally moved the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a> far to the east to encompass the Line Islands group, so that the country would no longer be divided by the date line. The move, which fulfilled one of President Tito's campaign promises, was intended to allow businesses across the expansive territory to keep the same business week. This also enabled Kiribati to become the first country to see the dawn of the <a href="/wiki/Third_millennium" class="mw-redirect" title="Third millennium">third millennium</a>, an event of significance for tourism. Tito was re-elected in 1998. In 1999, Kiribati became a full member of the United Nations, 20 years after independence.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> In 2002, Kiribati passed a controversial law that enabled the government to shut down newspaper publishers. The legislation followed the launching of Kiribati's first successful non-government-run newspaper. President Tito was re-elected in 2003 but was removed from office in March 2003 by a no-confidence vote and replaced by a Council of State. <a href="/wiki/Anote_Tong" title="Anote Tong">Anote Tong</a> of the opposition party <a href="/wiki/Boutokaan_Te_Koaua" class="mw-redirect" title="Boutokaan Te Koaua">Boutokaan Te Koaua</a> was elected to succeed Tito in July 2003. He was re-elected in 2007 and in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> In June 2008, Kiribati officials asked Australia and New Zealand to accept Kiribati citizens as permanent refugees. Kiribati is expected to be the first country to lose all its land territory to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>. In June 2008, Kiribati President Anote Tong said that the country had reached "the point of no return." He added, "To plan for the day when you no longer have a country is indeed painful but I think we have to do that."<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> In January 2012, Anote Tong was re-elected for a third and last successive term. In early 2012, the government of Kiribati purchased the 2,200-hectare Natoavatu Estate on the second largest island of Fiji, <a href="/wiki/Vanua_Levu" title="Vanua Levu">Vanua Levu</a>. At the time it was widely reported<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> that the government planned to evacuate the entire population of Kiribati to Fiji. In April 2013, President Tong began urging citizens to evacuate the islands and migrate elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> In May 2014, the Office of the President confirmed the purchase of some 5,460 acres of land on Vanua Levu at a cost of 9.3 million Australian dollars.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> In March 2016, <a href="/wiki/Taneti_Maamau" title="Taneti Maamau">Taneti Maamau</a> was <a href="/wiki/2016_Kiribati_presidential_election" title="2016 Kiribati presidential election">elected</a> as the new President of Kiribati. He was the fifth president since the country became independent in 1979.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> In June 2020, President Maamau won <a href="/wiki/2020_Kiribati_presidential_election" title="2020 Kiribati presidential election">re-election</a> for a second four-year term. President Maamau was considered pro-China and he supported closer ties with Beijing.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> On 16 November 2021, the Kiribati government announced it would expose the world's largest marine protected area to commercial fishing. The <a href="/wiki/2022_Kiribati_constitutional_crisis" title="2022 Kiribati constitutional crisis">2022 Kiribati constitutional crisis</a> started with the suspension of all 5 major Justices of the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Kiribati" title="Judiciary of Kiribati">judiciary of Kiribati</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> In 2020, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kiribati" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kiribati">Kiribati’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a>, consistent with most of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">COVID-19 responses of Oceania island nations</a>, was to impose strict limits on tourism and commercial travel. Kiribati reported that it remained essentially COVID-free (two cases) until January 2022 when the first commercial international flight in two years included 36 passengers who tested positive. In 2024, 5,085 Coronavirus Cases were reported which causes 24 deaths and 2,703 were recovered. <a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> On 29 January 2023, Kiribati confirmed its intention to rejoin the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a>, ending a bitter two-year leadership split. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kiribati" title="Politics of Kiribati">Politics of Kiribati</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KiribatiParliamentHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/KiribatiParliamentHouse.jpg/220px-KiribatiParliamentHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/KiribatiParliamentHouse.jpg/330px-KiribatiParliamentHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/KiribatiParliamentHouse.jpg/440px-KiribatiParliamentHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maneaba" title="Maneaba">Maneaba</a> ni Maungatabu, House of Assembly, 2000</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kiribati" title="Constitution of Kiribati">Constitution of Kiribati</a>, promulgated 12 July 1979, provides for free and open elections in a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">democratic</a> republic.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> The executive branch consists of a <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kiribati" title="President of Kiribati">president</a> (te Beretitenti), a <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_Kiribati" title="Vice-President of Kiribati">vice-president</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Kiribati" title="Cabinet of Kiribati">cabinet</a>. The president, who is also chief of the cabinet, is directly elected by the citizens, after the legislature nominates three or four persons from among its members to be candidates in the ensuing presidential election. The president is limited to serving three four-year terms, and remains a member of the assembly. The cabinet is composed of the president, vice-president, and 13 ministers (appointed by the president) who are also <a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_(Kiribati)" title="House of Assembly (Kiribati)">members of parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-US_State_Dept-81">[80]</a> The legislative branch is the unicameral <a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_(Kiribati)" title="House of Assembly (Kiribati)">Maneaba ni Maungatabu</a> (House of Assembly). Its members are elected, including by constitutional mandate, a nominated representative of the <a href="/wiki/Banaban_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Banaban people">Banaban people</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rabi_Island" title="Rabi Island">Rabi Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> (Banaba, former Ocean Island), in addition to, until 2016, the attorney general, who served as an ex officio member from 1979 to 2016. Legislators serve for a four-year term.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-82">[81]</a> The constitutional provisions governing administration of justice are similar to those in other former British colonies in that the judiciary is free from governmental interference. The judicial branch is made up of the High Court (in Betio) and the Court of Appeal.<a href="#cite_note-US_State_Dept-81">[80]</a> The president appoints the presiding judges.<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-82">[81]</a> Local government is through island councils with elected members. Local affairs are handled in a manner similar to town meetings in colonial America. Island councils make their own estimates of revenue and expenditure<a href="#cite_note-US_State_Dept-81">[80]</a> and generally are free from central government controls. There are a total of 21 inhabited islands in Kiribati. Each inhabited island has its own council. Since independence, Kiribati is no longer divided into districts (see <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Kiribati">Subdivisions of Kiribati</a>).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Kiribati has formal political parties but their organisation is quite informal.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> Ad hoc opposition groups tend to coalesce around specific issues. There is universal suffrage at age 18.<a href="#cite_note-US_State_Dept-81">[80]</a> Today the only recognisable parties are the <a href="/wiki/Boutokaan_Kiribati_Moa_Party" title="Boutokaan Kiribati Moa Party">Boutokaan Kiribati Moa Party</a>, former Boutokaan te Koaua, and <a href="/wiki/Tobwaan_Kiribati_Party" title="Tobwaan Kiribati Party">Tobwaan Kiribati Party</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Foreign relations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kiribati" title="Foreign relations of Kiribati">Foreign relations of Kiribati</a></div> Kiribati maintains close relations with its Pacific neighbours, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and Fiji. The first three of these provide the bulk of the country's foreign aid. <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and Japan also have specified-period licences to fish in Kiribati's waters.<a href="#cite_note-US_State_Dept-81">[80]</a> There are three resident diplomatic missions headquartered in <a href="/wiki/South_Tarawa" title="South Tarawa">South Tarawa</a>: the Embassies of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> (Taiwan) until 2019, replaced by <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> in 2020 and the High Commissions of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_High_Commissioners_to_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Australian High Commissioners to Kiribati">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. Since 2022, there have been talks of opening a <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_United_States" title="List of diplomatic missions of the United States">US Embassy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> The current U.S. Embassy responsible for Kiribati is located in Suva, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> In November 1999, Kiribati agreed to allow Japan's <a href="/wiki/National_Space_Development_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="National Space Development Agency">National Space Development Agency</a> to lease land on <a href="/wiki/Kiritimati" title="Kiritimati">Kiritimati</a> (formerly Christmas Island) for 20 years, on which to build a <a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">spaceport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SpaceDaily2000-87">[86]</a> The agreement stipulated that Japan was to pay US$840,000 per year and would also pay for any damage to roads and the environment.<a href="#cite_note-SpaceDaily2000-87">[86]</a> A Japanese-built downrange <a href="/wiki/Tracking_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracking station">tracking station</a> operates on Kiritimati<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> and an abandoned airfield on the island was designated as the landing strip for a proposed reusable unmanned space shuttle called <a href="/wiki/HOPE-X" title="HOPE-X">HOPE-X</a>. HOPE-X, however, was eventually cancelled by Japan in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%8E%A5%E8%A6%8B%E5%90%89%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E9%A6%AC%E8%8C%82(Taneti_Maamau)%E4%BC%89%E5%84%B7%E4%B9%99%E8%A1%8C_(27208262585).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%8E%A5%E8%A6%8B%E5%90%89%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E9%A6%AC%E8%8C%82%28Taneti_Maamau%29%E4%BC%89%E5%84%B7%E4%B9%99%E8%A1%8C_%2827208262585%29.jpg/220px-%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%8E%A5%E8%A6%8B%E5%90%89%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E9%A6%AC%E8%8C%82%28Taneti_Maamau%29%E4%BC%89%E5%84%B7%E4%B9%99%E8%A1%8C_%2827208262585%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%8E%A5%E8%A6%8B%E5%90%89%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E9%A6%AC%E8%8C%82%28Taneti_Maamau%29%E4%BC%89%E5%84%B7%E4%B9%99%E8%A1%8C_%2827208262585%29.jpg/330px-%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%8E%A5%E8%A6%8B%E5%90%89%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E9%A6%AC%E8%8C%82%28Taneti_Maamau%29%E4%BC%89%E5%84%B7%E4%B9%99%E8%A1%8C_%2827208262585%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%8E%A5%E8%A6%8B%E5%90%89%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E9%A6%AC%E8%8C%82%28Taneti_Maamau%29%E4%BC%89%E5%84%B7%E4%B9%99%E8%A1%8C_%2827208262585%29.jpg/440px-%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%8E%A5%E8%A6%8B%E5%90%89%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E9%A6%AC%E8%8C%82%28Taneti_Maamau%29%E4%BC%89%E5%84%B7%E4%B9%99%E8%A1%8C_%2827208262585%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4517" data-file-height="3011" /></a><figcaption>Kiribati President <a href="/wiki/Taneti_Maamau" title="Taneti Maamau">Taneti Maamau</a> meets with Taiwanese President <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a> on 23 May 2016.</figcaption></figure> As one of the world's most vulnerable nations to the <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of global warming">effects of global warming</a>, Kiribati has been an active participant in international diplomatic efforts relating to climate change, most importantly the <a href="/wiki/UNFCCC" class="mw-redirect" title="UNFCCC">UNFCCC</a> conferences of the parties (COP). Kiribati is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Small_Island_States" title="Alliance of Small Island States">Alliance of Small Island States</a> (AOSIS), an intergovernmental organisation of low-lying coastal and small island countries. Established in 1990, the main purpose of the alliance is to consolidate the voices of <a href="/wiki/Small_Island_Developing_States" title="Small Island Developing States">Small Island Developing States</a> (SIDS) to address global warming. AOSIS has been very active from its inception, putting forward the first draft text in the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a> negotiations as early as 1994.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2009, President Tong attended the <a href="/wiki/Climate_Vulnerable_Forum" title="Climate Vulnerable Forum">Climate Vulnerable Forum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Climate_Vulnerable_Forum" title="Climate Vulnerable Forum">V11</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>, with 10 other countries that are <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_vulnerability" title="Climate change vulnerability">vulnerable to climate change</a>, and signed the Bandos Island declaration on 10 November 2009, pledging to show moral leadership and commence greening their economies by voluntarily committing to achieving <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">carbon neutrality</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In November 2010, Kiribati hosted the <a href="/wiki/Tarawa_Climate_Change_Conference" title="Tarawa Climate Change Conference">Tarawa Climate Change Conference</a> (TCCC) to support the president of Kiribati's initiative to hold a consultative forum between vulnerable states and their partners. The conference strove to create an enabling environment for multi-party negotiations under the auspices of the UNFCCC. The conference was a successor event to the Climate Vulnerable Forum.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> The ultimate objective of TCCC was to reduce the number and intensity of fault lines between parties to the COP process, explore elements of agreement between the parties and thereby to support Kiribati's and other parties' contribution to <a href="/wiki/COP16" class="mw-redirect" title="COP16">COP16</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Cancun" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancun">Cancun</a>, Mexico, from 29 November to 10 December 2010.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2013, President Tong spoke of climate-change induced <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a> as "inevitable". "For our people to survive, then they will have to migrate. Either we can wait for the time when we have to move people en masse or we can prepare them—beginning from now ..."<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> In New York in 2014, per <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>, President Tong told <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> that "according to the projections, within this century, the water will be higher than the highest point in our lands".<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> In 2014, President Tong finalised the purchase of a 20 km2 (7.7 sq mi) stretch of land on <a href="/wiki/Vanua_Levu" title="Vanua Levu">Vanua Levu</a>, one of the larger Fiji islands, 2,000 km away. A move described by Tong as an "absolute necessity" should the country's territory be completely submerged under water.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> In 2013, attention was drawn to a claim of a Kiribati man of being a <a href="/wiki/Environmental_migrant#Asia_and_the_Pacific" title="Environmental migrant">"climate change refugee"</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Convention_relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention relating to the Status of Refugees">Convention relating to the Status of Refugees</a> (1951).<a href="#cite_note-ABC-94">[93]</a> However, this claim was determined by the New Zealand High Court to be untenable.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> The New Zealand Court of Appeal also rejected the claim in a <a href="/wiki/Teitiota_v_Chief_Executive_Ministry_of_Business,_Innovation_and_Employment" title="Teitiota v Chief Executive Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment">2014 decision</a>. On further appeal, the New Zealand Supreme Court confirmed the earlier adverse rulings against the application for refugee status, but rejected the proposition "that environmental degradation resulting from climate change or other natural disasters could never create a pathway into the Refugee Convention or protected person jurisdiction".<a href="#cite_note-TSC-96">[95]</a> In 2017, Kiribati signed the UN <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> On 20 September 2019, the government of Kiribati restored its diplomatic relationship with the People's Republic of China and simultaneously stopped its diplomatic relationship with Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> China offered a 737 aircraft and ferries to Kiribati for the decision, according to Taiwan's foreign minister, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wu" title="Joseph Wu">Joseph Wu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Peace_Corps">Peace Corps</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Peace Corps">edit</a>]</div> From 1973 until 2008, a total of almost 500 <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">US Peace Corps</a> volunteers were based on the Islands, as many as 45 in a given year. Activities included assisting in the planning, design and construction of wells, libraries, and other infrastructure, and agricultural, environmental, and community health education. In 2006, volunteer placement was significantly scaled down due to the reduction of consistent air transportation to the outer islands; it was later ended because the associated ability to provide medical care to volunteers could not be assured.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> In July 2022, US <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_Harris" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President Harris">Vice President Harris</a> announced plans to build a new embassy in Kiribati and Tonga and reestablish the Peace Corps presence in the region.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_enforcement_and_military">Law enforcement and military</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Law enforcement and military">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RKS_Teanoai,_during_a_joint_exercise_2019-11-07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/RKS_Teanoai%2C_during_a_joint_exercise_2019-11-07.jpg/220px-RKS_Teanoai%2C_during_a_joint_exercise_2019-11-07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/RKS_Teanoai%2C_during_a_joint_exercise_2019-11-07.jpg/330px-RKS_Teanoai%2C_during_a_joint_exercise_2019-11-07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/RKS_Teanoai%2C_during_a_joint_exercise_2019-11-07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="307" /></a><figcaption>Police vessel RKS Teanoai, in 2019</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Kiribati" title="Law enforcement in Kiribati">Law enforcement in Kiribati</a> is carried out by the Kiribati Police Service which is responsible for all law enforcement and paramilitary duties for the island nation. There are police posts located on all of the islands. The police have one patrol boat, the <a href="/wiki/Guardian-class_patrol_boat" title="Guardian-class patrol boat">Guardian-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">patrol boat</a> <a href="/wiki/RKS_Teanoai_II_(301)" class="mw-redirect" title="RKS Teanoai II (301)">RKS Teanoai II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> The main prison in Kiribati is located in <a href="/wiki/Betio" title="Betio">Betio</a>, named the Walter Betio Prison. There is also a prison in <a href="/wiki/London,_Kiribati" title="London, Kiribati">London</a> on <a href="/wiki/Kiritimati" title="Kiritimati">Kiritimati</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Male <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Kiribati">homosexuality</a> is illegal in Kiribati, with a penalty up to 14 years in prison, according to a historical British law; however, this law is not enforced. Kiribati has not yet followed the lead of the United Kingdom, following its <a href="/wiki/Wolfenden_report" title="Wolfenden report">Wolfenden report</a>, to decriminalise acts of male homosexuality, beginning with provisions in the UK's Sexual Offences Act 1957. Female homosexuality is legal, but lesbians may face violence and discrimination. However, employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is prohibited.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Kiribati" title="List of islands of Kiribati">List of islands of Kiribati</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CarolinePic-Kepler-Long.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/CarolinePic-Kepler-Long.JPG/220px-CarolinePic-Kepler-Long.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/CarolinePic-Kepler-Long.JPG/330px-CarolinePic-Kepler-Long.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/CarolinePic-Kepler-Long.JPG/440px-CarolinePic-Kepler-Long.JPG 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Line_Islands" title="Line Islands">Line Islands</a>: <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennium Island">Millennium Island</a> channel between west side of Long Island and Nake Island</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marakei_Atoll.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Marakei_Atoll.jpg/220px-Marakei_Atoll.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Marakei_Atoll.jpg/330px-Marakei_Atoll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Marakei_Atoll.jpg/440px-Marakei_Atoll.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3060" data-file-height="2033" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marakei" title="Marakei">Marakei</a>, North Gilbert Islands</figcaption></figure> There are 21 inhabited islands in Kiribati. Kiribati can be geographically divided into three <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelagoes</a> or groups of islands, which have no administrative functions. They are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Islands" title="Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix Islands</a>, in one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_protected_areas_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest protected areas in the world">largest marine protected areas</a> on Earth (was the largest from 2008 to 2010)<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_Islands" title="Line Islands">Line Islands</a></li></ul> The original <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Kiribati">districts</a> before independence were: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banaba" title="Banaba">Banaba</a> (Ocean Island)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarawa_Atoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarawa Atoll">Tarawa Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Gilbert_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Gilbert Islands">Northern Gilbert Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Gilbert_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Gilbert Island">Central Gilbert Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gilbert_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="South Gilbert Islands">Southern Gilbert Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_Islands" title="Line Islands">Line Islands</a></li></ul> Four of the former districts (including Tarawa) lie in the Gilbert Islands, where most of the country's population lives. Five of the Line Islands are uninhabited (<a href="/wiki/Malden_Island" title="Malden Island">Malden Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starbuck_Island" title="Starbuck Island">Starbuck Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennium Island">Millennium Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vostok_Island" title="Vostok Island">Vostok Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flint_Island" title="Flint Island">Flint Island</a>). The Phoenix Islands are uninhabited except for <a href="/wiki/Kanton_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanton Island">Kanton</a>, and have no representation. Banaba itself is sparsely inhabited now. There is also a non-elected representative of the Banabans on <a href="/wiki/Rabi_Island" title="Rabi Island">Rabi Island</a> in Fiji.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> Each of the 21 inhabited islands<a href="#cite_note-CIA-11">[11]</a> has its own local council that takes care of daily affairs. There is one council for each inhabited island, with two exceptions: Tarawa Atoll has three councils: <a href="/wiki/Betio" title="Betio">Betio</a> Town Council, <a href="/wiki/Teinainano_Urban_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Teinainano Urban Council">Teinainano Urban Council</a> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teinainano_Urban_Council" class="extiw" title="it:Teinainano Urban Council">it</a>] (TUC) (for the rest of <a href="/wiki/South_Tarawa" title="South Tarawa">South Tarawa</a>) and Eutan Tarawa Council (ETC) (for <a href="/wiki/North_Tarawa" title="North Tarawa">North Tarawa</a>); and <a href="/wiki/Tabiteuea" title="Tabiteuea">Tabiteuea</a> has two councils.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kiribati" title="Geography of Kiribati">Geography of Kiribati</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png/400px-Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png/600px-Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png/800px-Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png 2x" data-file-width="3067" data-file-height="1678" /></a><figcaption>Kiribati with its surrounding EEZs in dark gray, noting the three non-contiguous territories</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiribati_map_LOC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Kiribati_map_LOC.jpg/330px-Kiribati_map_LOC.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Kiribati_map_LOC.jpg/495px-Kiribati_map_LOC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Kiribati_map_LOC.jpg/660px-Kiribati_map_LOC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2399" data-file-height="1943" /></a><figcaption>Map of Kiribati</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abaiang_top_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Abaiang_top_view.jpg/220px-Abaiang_top_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Abaiang_top_view.jpg/330px-Abaiang_top_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Abaiang_top_view.jpg/440px-Abaiang_top_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>Coconut palms in Abaiang</figcaption></figure> Kiribati consists of <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Kiribati" title="List of islands of Kiribati">32</a> atolls and one solitary island (Banaba), extending into the eastern and western <a href="/wiki/Hemispheres_of_Earth" title="Hemispheres of Earth">hemispheres</a>, as well as the northern and southern hemispheres. Its extensive <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a> (EEZ) covers three, non-contiguous, traditional geographic subregions: Banaba (<a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesian</a>-Micronesian area), the Gilbert Islands (Micronesia) and the <a href="/wiki/Line_Islands" title="Line Islands">Line</a> and Phoenix Islands (<a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>).<a href="#cite_note-CIA-11">[11]</a> The groups of islands are: <ul><li>Banaba: an isolated island between <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> and the Gilbert Islands</li> <li>Gilbert Islands: sixteen atolls located approximately 1,500 kilometres (932 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li>Phoenix Islands: eight atolls and coral islands located approximately 1,800 kilometres (1,118 mi) southeast of the Gilberts</li> <li>Line Islands: eight atolls and one reef, located approximately 3,300 kilometres (2,051 mi) east of the Gilberts</li></ul> Banaba (or Ocean Island) is a <a href="/wiki/Raised_coral_atoll" title="Raised coral atoll">raised-coral island</a>. It was once a rich source of <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphates</a>, but was exhausted in mining before independence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliamsMacdonald1985-109">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis1935-110">[109]</a> The rest of the land in Kiribati consists of the sand and reef rock islets of atolls or coral islands, which rise only one or two meters above sea level.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The soil is thin and <a href="/wiki/Calcareous" title="Calcareous">calcareous</a>. It has a low water-holding capacity and low organic matter and nutrient content—except for calcium, sodium, and magnesium. Banaba is one of the least suitable places for agriculture in the world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas20033-111">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kiritimati" title="Kiritimati">Kiritimati</a> (previously Christmas Island) in the Line Islands has the largest land area of any atoll in the world. Based on a 1995 realignment of the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a>, the Line Islands were the first area to enter into a new year, including the year 2000. For that reason, Caroline Island was renamed <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennium Island">Millennium Island</a> in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_issues">Environmental issues</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Environmental issues">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Coral_reefs_of_Kiribati" title="Coral reefs of Kiribati">Coral reefs of Kiribati</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Kiribati" title="Protected areas of Kiribati">Protected areas of Kiribati</a></div> According to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Regional_Environment_Programme" title="Pacific Regional Environment Programme">Pacific Regional Environment Programme</a> (previously South Pacific Regional Environment Programme), two small uninhabited Kiribati islets, <a href="/wiki/Tebua_Tarawa" title="Tebua Tarawa">Tebua Tarawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abanuea" title="Abanuea">Abanuea</a>, disappeared underwater in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> The sea level at <a href="/wiki/Kiritimati" title="Kiritimati">Christmas Island</a>, in the 50 years between 1972 and 2022, has risen 5 cm (2.0 in).<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> The United Nations <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a> predicts that sea levels will rise by approximately 50 cm (20 in) by 2100 due to <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> and a further rise would be inevitable. It is thus likely that within a century the nation's arable land will become subject to increased <a href="/wiki/Soil_salination" class="mw-redirect" title="Soil salination">soil salination</a> and will be largely submerged.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> The exposure of Kiribati to changes in sea levels is exacerbated by the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_decadal_oscillation" title="Pacific decadal oscillation">Pacific decadal oscillation</a>, which is a climate switch phenomenon that results in changes from periods of <a href="/wiki/La_Ni%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="La Niña">La Niña</a> to periods of <a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="El Niño">El Niño</a>. This has an effect on sea levels. For example, in 2000, there was a switch from periods of downward pressure of El Niño on sea levels to an upward pressure of La Niña on sea levels, which upward pressure causes more frequent and higher high tide levels. The <a href="/wiki/Perigean_spring_tide" title="Perigean spring tide">Perigean spring tide</a> (often called a <a href="/wiki/King_tide" title="King tide">king tide</a>) can result in seawater flooding low-lying areas of the islands of Kiribati.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Onotoa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Onotoa.png/220px-Onotoa.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Onotoa.png/330px-Onotoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Onotoa.png/440px-Onotoa.png 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>South of <a href="/wiki/Onotoa" title="Onotoa">Onotoa</a> Atoll</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Tarawa_from_the_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/South_Tarawa_from_the_air.jpg/220px-South_Tarawa_from_the_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/South_Tarawa_from_the_air.jpg/330px-South_Tarawa_from_the_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/South_Tarawa_from_the_air.jpg/440px-South_Tarawa_from_the_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1569" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tarawa_Atoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarawa Atoll">Tarawa Atoll</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Atolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Atolls">atolls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">reef</a> islands can respond to changes in sea-level. Paul Kench at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a> in New Zealand and Arthur Webb at the <a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Applied_Geoscience_Commission" title="South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission">South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission</a> in Fiji released a study in 2010 on the dynamic response of atolls and reef islands in the central Pacific. Kiribati was mentioned in the study, and Webb and Kench found that the three major urbanised islands in Kiribati—Betio, Bairiki and Nanikai—increased by 30% (36 hectares), 16.3% (5.8 hectares) and 12.5% (0.8 hectares), respectively.<a href="#cite_note-WZ-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Elsevier-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-PSK2014-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-AWPK-120">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-NG15-121">[120]</a> The study by Paul Kench and Arthur Webb recognises that the islands are extremely vulnerable to sea level rise, and concluded that: "This study did not measure vertical growth of the island surface nor does it suggest there is any change in the height of the islands. Since land height has not changed the vulnerability of the greater part of the land area of each island to submergence due to sea level rise is also unchanged and these low-lying atolls remain immediately and extremely vulnerable to inundation or sea water flooding."<a href="#cite_note-Elsevier-118">[117]</a> The Climate Change in the Pacific Report of 2011 describes Kiribati as having a low risk of <a href="/wiki/Cyclones" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclones">cyclones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> In March 2015 Kiribati experienced flooding and destruction of seawalls and coastal infrastructure as the result of <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Pam" title="Cyclone Pam">Cyclone Pam</a>, a Category 5 cyclone that devastated <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SBS15-123">[122]</a> Kiribati remains exposed to the risk that cyclones can strip the low-lying islands of their vegetation and soil.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral <a href="/wiki/Polyp_(zoology)" title="Polyp (zoology)">polyp</a> activity to raise the atolls with the sea level. However, if the increase in sea level occurs at a rate faster than coral growth, or if polyp activity is damaged by <a href="/wiki/Ocean_acidification" title="Ocean acidification">ocean acidification</a>, then the resilience of the atolls and reef islands is less certain.<a href="#cite_note-PK14-124">[123]</a> Also, <a href="/wiki/Coral_bleaching" title="Coral bleaching">coral bleaching</a> has occurred on more than 60% of the coral reefs in the Maldives.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> The Human Rights Measurement Initiative<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> finds that the climate crisis has worsened human rights conditions moderately (4.8 out of 6) in Kiribati.<a href="#cite_note-Kiribati_-_HRMI_Rights_Tracker-127">[126]</a> Human rights experts reported that the climate crisis has compromised access to food and clean water, as well as women's rights, housing security and cultural integrity.<a href="#cite_note-Kiribati_-_HRMI_Rights_Tracker-127">[126]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kiribati_Adaptation_Program" title="Kiribati Adaptation Program">Kiribati Adaptation Program</a> (KAP), started in 2003, is a US$5.5 million initiative that was originally enacted by the national government of Kiribati with the support of the <a href="/wiki/Global_Environment_Facility" title="Global Environment Facility">Global Environment Facility</a> (GEF), the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Development Program">United Nations Development Program</a>, and the Japanese government. Australia later joined the coalition, donating US$1.5 million to the effort. The program aims to take place over six years, supporting measures that reduce Kiribati's vulnerability to the effects of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and sea level rise by raising awareness of climate change, assessing and protecting available water resources, and managing inundation. At the start of the Adaptation Program, representatives from each of the inhabited atolls identified key climatic changes that had taken place over the past 20–40 years and proposed coping mechanisms to deal with these changes under four categories of urgency of need. The program is now focusing on the country's most vulnerable sectors in the most highly populated areas. Initiatives include improving water supply management in and around Tarawa; <a href="/wiki/Coastal_management" title="Coastal management">coastal management</a> protection measures such as mangrove re-plantation and protection of public infrastructure; strengthening laws to reduce coastal erosion; and population settlement planning to reduce personal risks.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> The government has taken specific action to ensure <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food security</a>, as sea level rise, drought, and overfishing have created food and water shortages. This has involved diversifying food sources and ensuring existing resources are managed sustainably.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> The issue of <a href="/wiki/Plastic_pollution" title="Plastic pollution">plastic pollution</a> has also been a key challenge for Kiribati as it hurts both its marine biodiversity and its economy that relies primarily on tourism and fishery.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-130">[129]</a> As a result, the government of Kiribati, more specifically the Environment and Conservation Division (ECD) which forms part of the Kiribati Government's Ministry of Environment, Lands and Agricultural Development, has made efforts to tackle this issue nationally through environment acts and state policy papers.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-130">[129]</a> To a further extent, it has also recognized the global nature of plastic pollution, and consequently, has promoted international cooperation and multilateral solutions.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> This is notably observable during the current negotiations of the <a href="/wiki/Global_plastic_pollution_treaty" title="Global plastic pollution treaty">Global Plastic Pollution Treaty</a> planned to be finally drafted by the end of 2024.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Line5304_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Line5304_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/220px-Line5304_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Line5304_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/330px-Line5304_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Line5304_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/440px-Line5304_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A tropical islet with palm fronds oriented in the direction of the prevailing winds</figcaption></figure> Kiribati has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Af</a>). From April to October, there are predominant northeastern winds and stable temperatures close to 30 °C (86 °F). From November to April, western gales bring rain. The Kiribati wet season (te Auu-Meang), also known as the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclone</a> (TC) (te Angibuaka) season, starts from November to April every year. Kiribati therefore typically experiences more extreme weather events associated with <a href="/wiki/Tropical_disturbance" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical disturbance">tropical disturbances</a> or tropical cyclones during te Auu-Meang. Tropical cyclones rarely develop or pass along the equator where Kiribati is located, but Kiribati has historically been impacted by distant tropical cyclones. The impacts were observed while the systems were still in their development stages (Tropical Low/disturbance) or even before they reached Tropical cyclone category.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The fair season starts when Ten Rimwimata (<a href="/wiki/Antares" title="Antares">Antares</a>) appears in the sky after sunset, from May to November, when more gentle winds and currents and less rain. Then towards December, when Nei Auti (<a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a>) replaces Antares, the season of sudden westerly winds and more heavy rain discourages any far travel from island to island.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> Kiribati does not experience cyclones but effects may occasionally be experienced during cyclone seasons affecting nearby Pacific Island countries such as Fiji.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-brit-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas20033-111">[110]</a> Precipitation varies significantly between islands. For example, the annual average is 3,000 mm (120 in) in the north and 500 mm (20 in) in the south of the Gilbert Islands.<a href="#cite_note-brit-34">[33]</a> Most of these islands are in the dry belt of the equatorial oceanic climatic zone and experience prolonged droughts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas20033-111">[110]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Tarawa" title="Tarawa">Tarawa</a> (Köppen Af) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0 (91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5 (92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 (87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6 (87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 (87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 (87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8 (87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8 (87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9 (87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0 (87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1 (88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2 (88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3 (88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9 (87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.9 (87.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2 (82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1 (82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1 (82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2 (82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4 (83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3 (82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2 (82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3 (82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4 (83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6 (83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5 (83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2 (82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.3 (82.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3 (77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3 (77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2 (77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3 (77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5 (77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3 (77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2 (77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3 (77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4 (77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4 (77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3 (77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.3 (77.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5 (70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0 (69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0 (69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0 (69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5 (70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0 (71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0 (71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.0 (69.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #006A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">271 (10.7) </td> <td style="background: #009900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">218 (8.6) </td> <td style="background: #00CE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204 (8.0) </td> <td style="background: #00E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184 (7.2) </td> <td style="background: #13FF13; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158 (6.2) </td> <td style="background: #10FF10; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155 (6.1) </td> <td style="background: #04FF04; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168 (6.6) </td> <td style="background: #31FF31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">138 (5.4) </td> <td style="background: #46FF46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120 (4.7) </td> <td style="background: #5BFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">110 (4.3) </td> <td style="background: #4DFF4D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115 (4.5) </td> <td style="background: #00C200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">212 (8.3) </td> <td style="background: #00FA00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,052 (80.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.3 mm) </th> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">172 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">80 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220.1 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.1 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">207.7 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.0 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">229.4 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">219.0 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">229.4 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">257.3 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">243.0 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">260.4 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">240.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.1 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,688.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a><a href="#cite_note-DWDTarawa-134">[133]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ecology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Kiribati" title="Wildlife of Kiribati">Wildlife of Kiribati</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AcrocephalusPistorKeulemans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/AcrocephalusPistorKeulemans.jpg/170px-AcrocephalusPistorKeulemans.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/AcrocephalusPistorKeulemans.jpg/255px-AcrocephalusPistorKeulemans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/AcrocephalusPistorKeulemans.jpg/340px-AcrocephalusPistorKeulemans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1915" data-file-height="3253" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bokikokiko" title="Bokikokiko">bokikokiko</a> (Acrocephalus aequinoctialis) is the only land wildlife species endemic to Kiribati.</figcaption></figure> Kiribati contains three ecosystems: <a href="/wiki/Central_Polynesian_tropical_moist_forests" title="Central Polynesian tropical moist forests">Central Polynesian tropical moist forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Micronesia_tropical_moist_forests" title="Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests">Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Western_Polynesian_tropical_moist_forests" title="Western Polynesian tropical moist forests">Western Polynesian tropical moist forests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-135">[134]</a> Because of the relatively young geological age of the islands and atolls and the high level of <a href="/wiki/Soil_salination" class="mw-redirect" title="Soil salination">soil salination</a>, the flora of Kiribati is somewhat unhealthy. The Gilbert Islands contain about 83 indigenous and 306 introduced plants, whereas the corresponding numbers for Line and Phoenix Islands are 67 and 283. None of these species are <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a>, and about half of the indigenous ones have a limited distribution and have become endangered or nearly extinct due to human activities such as phosphate mining.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas200322-136">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandanus_tectorius" title="Pandanus tectorius">pandanus</a> palms and <a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">breadfruit</a> trees are the most common wild plants,<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-brit-34">[33]</a> whereas the five most cultivated crops but the traditional Babai, <a href="/wiki/Cyrtosperma_merkusii" title="Cyrtosperma merkusii">Cyrtosperma merkusii</a>,<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> are imported <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cabbage" title="Chinese cabbage">Chinese cabbage</a>, pumpkin, tomato, watermelon and cucumber.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas200314-139">[138]</a> Over eighty percent of the population participates in either farming or fishing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoseley2014191-140">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">Seaweed farming</a> is an important part of the economy [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">why?</a>], with two major species Eucheuma alvarezii and Eucheuma spinosium introduced to the local lagoons from the Philippines in 1977. It competes with a collection of the black-lipped pearl oyster (<a href="/wiki/Pinctada_margaritifera" title="Pinctada margaritifera">Pinctada margaritifera</a>) and shellfish,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas200317-141">[140]</a> which are dominated by the strombid gastropod (<a href="/wiki/Strombus_luhuanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Strombus luhuanus">Strombus luhuanus</a>) and Anadara cockles (<a href="/wiki/Anadara" title="Anadara">Anadara</a> uropigimelana), whereas the stocks of the giant clam (<a href="/wiki/Tridacna_gigas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tridacna gigas">Tridacna gigas</a>) have been largely exhausted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas200317–19-142">[141]</a> Kiribati has a few land mammals, none being indigenous or endemic. They include the Polynesian rat (<a href="/wiki/Rattus_exulans" class="mw-redirect" title="Rattus exulans">Rattus exulans</a>), dogs, cats and pigs. Among the 75 bird species, the <a href="/wiki/Bokikokiko" title="Bokikokiko">Bokikokiko</a> (Acrocephalus aequinoctialis) is endemic to <a href="/wiki/Kiritimati" title="Kiritimati">Kiritimati</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas200322-136">[135]</a> There are 600–800 species of inshore and pelagic finfish, some 200 species of corals and about 1000 species of shellfish.<a href="#cite_note-LPS-143">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas200323-144">[143]</a> Fishing mostly targets the family <a href="/wiki/Scombridae" title="Scombridae">Scombridae</a>, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Skipjack_tuna" title="Skipjack tuna">skipjack tuna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yellowfin_tuna" title="Yellowfin tuna">yellowfin tuna</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Flying_fish" title="Flying fish">flying fish</a> (Cypselurus spp.).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas200315-145">[144]</a> Dogs were already accompanying the first inhabitants but were re-introduced by European settlers: they have continued to grow in numbers and are roaming in traditional packs,<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> particularly around South Tarawa.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kiribati" title="Economy of Kiribati">Economy of Kiribati</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiribatisupermarket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kiribatisupermarket.jpg/220px-Kiribatisupermarket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kiribatisupermarket.jpg/330px-Kiribatisupermarket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kiribatisupermarket.jpg/440px-Kiribatisupermarket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>A Bosj's warehouse in Kiribati</figcaption></figure> Kiribati has few natural resources. Commercially viable <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a> deposits on <a href="/wiki/Banaba" title="Banaba">Banaba</a> were exhausted at the time of independence. <a href="/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">Copra</a> and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. Kiribati has the lowest GDP out of any sovereign state in <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>, and is considered one of the <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Least developed country">least developed countries</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> In one form or another, Kiribati gets a large portion of its income from abroad. Examples include fishing licences, development assistance, workers' <a href="/wiki/Remittance" title="Remittance">remittances</a>, especially the seafarers issued from <a href="/wiki/Marine_Training_Centre" title="Marine Training Centre">Marine Training Centre</a>, and a few tourists. Given Kiribati's limited domestic production ability, it must import nearly all of its essential foodstuffs and manufactured items; it depends on these external sources of income for financing.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The economy of Kiribati benefits from international development assistance programs. The multilateral donors providing development assistance in 2009 were the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (A$9 million), the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (A$3.7 million), UNICEF, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (A$100,000).<a href="#cite_note-IMF_2011_SA-148">[147]</a> The bilateral donors providing development assistance in 2009 were Australia (A$11 million), Japan (A$2 million), New Zealand (A$6.6 million), <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> (A$10.6 million), and other donors providing A$16.2 million, including technical assistance grants from the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IMF_2011_SA-148">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-149">[148]</a> The major donors in 2010/2011 were Australia (A$15 million), Taiwan (A$11 million); New Zealand (A$6 million), the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> (A$4 million) and the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mfat-150">[149]</a> In 1956, <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Gilbert and Ellice Islands</a> established a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">sovereign wealth fund</a> to act as a store of wealth for the country's earnings from <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a> mining. In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Revenue_Equalization_Reserve_Fund" title="Revenue Equalization Reserve Fund">Revenue Equalization Reserve Fund</a> was valued at US$400 million.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> The RERF assets declined from A$637 million (420% of GDP) in 2007 to A$570.5 million (350% of GDP) in 2009<a href="#cite_note-IMF_2011_SA-148">[147]</a> as the result of the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–08">global financial crisis</a> and exposure to failed Icelandic banks. In addition, draw-downs were made by the government of Kiribati to finance budgetary shortfalls during this period.<a href="#cite_note-IMF_2011-13">[13]</a> In May 2011, the IMF country report assessment of the economy of Kiribati is that "After two years of contraction, the economy recovered in the second half of 2010 and inflation pressure dissipated. It is estimated to have grown by 1.75% for the year. Despite a weather-related drop in copra production, private sector activity appears to have picked up, especially in retail. Tourist arrivals rebounded by 20% compared to 2009, although from a very low base. Despite the rise in world food and fuel prices, inflation has bounced from 2008 crisis-highs into negative territory, reflecting the strong appreciation of the Australian dollar, which is used as the domestic currency, and a decline in the world price of rice. Credit growth in the overall economy declined in 2009 as economic activity stalled. But it started to pick up in the second half of 2010 as the recovery gained traction".<a href="#cite_note-IMF_2011-13">[13]</a> A major Australian bank, <a href="/wiki/Australia_and_New_Zealand_Banking_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia and New Zealand Banking Group">ANZ</a>, maintains a presence on Kiribati<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> with a number of branches and <a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">ATM</a> units. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ornamental_fish">Ornamental fish</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ornamental fish">edit</a>]</div> Kiribati is a major exporter of hand-caught <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornamental fish">ornamental fish</a>. There are eight licensed operators based on <a href="/wiki/Kiritimati" title="Kiritimati">Kiritimati</a> (Christmas Island). At the end of 2005, the number of pet fish exported was 110,000. All operators have a land-based facility but fish are kept in containers on the reef until the day before the shipment. This is to reduce the running cost and the mortality of pet fish to be exported. The <a href="/wiki/Flame_angelfish" title="Flame angelfish">flame angelfish</a> (Centropyge loriculus) is the major species exported.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Kiribati" title="Transport in Kiribati">Transport in Kiribati</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonriki_International_Airport2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bonriki_International_Airport2.jpg/220px-Bonriki_International_Airport2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bonriki_International_Airport2.jpg/330px-Bonriki_International_Airport2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bonriki_International_Airport2.jpg/440px-Bonriki_International_Airport2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bonriki_International_Airport" title="Bonriki International Airport">Bonriki International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> Kiribati has had two domestic airlines: <a href="/wiki/Air_Kiribati" title="Air Kiribati">Air Kiribati</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coral_Sun_Airways" title="Coral Sun Airways">Coral Sun Airways</a>. Both airlines are based in Tarawa's <a href="/wiki/Bonriki_International_Airport" title="Bonriki International Airport">Bonriki International Airport</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> and serve destinations across the Gilbert Islands and Line Islands only: <a href="/wiki/Banaba" title="Banaba">Banaba</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix Islands</a> are not served by the domestic carriers. The Coral Sun Airways airline flies from Bonriki international airport to the islands of Abaing, Abermama, Aranuka, Arorae, Beru, Butaritari, Kuria, Makin, Marakei, Onotoa, Nonouti, Nikunau, Tabitevea & Tamana.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cassidy_International_Airport" title="Cassidy International Airport">Cassidy International Airport</a> on <a href="/wiki/Kiritimati" title="Kiritimati">Kiritimati</a> has an international service provided by <a href="/wiki/Fiji_Airways" title="Fiji Airways">Fiji Airways</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nadi_International_Airport" title="Nadi International Airport">Nadi</a> to Cassidy Airport and then to <a href="/wiki/Daniel_K._Inouye_International_Airport" title="Daniel K. Inouye International Airport">Honolulu</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Communications_and_media">Communications and media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Communications and media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Kiribati" title="Mass media in Kiribati">Mass media in Kiribati</a></div> The islands' remote location in the Central Pacific at approximately the International Date Line and spanning hundreds of miles north and south of the equator has meant that communications between them has always been challenging and conducted primarily by radio and print media. <a href="/wiki/Television_Kiribati" title="Television Kiribati">TV Kiribati Ltd</a> was owned by the government and operated between 2004 and mid-2012, but could not reach all of the islands. Radio Kiribati, based on Tarawa and operated by the government's Broadcasting and Publications Authority (BPA) on 1440 kHz AM is the only form of mass media that reaches all the major islands. Transmission hours are limited and local content in Gilbertese is supplemented by English summaries and BBC News.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> The BPA and a private broadcaster also operate FM stations accessible on Tarawa.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Savekiribati-158">[157]</a> Inter-island communications for many years relied on a centralized shortwave radio network operated by Telecom Services Kiribati, Ltd (<a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Telecom_Holdings_Kiribati_Limited" title="Amalgamated Telecom Holdings Kiribati Limited">TSKL</a>) based in each Island's Council Headquarters. Numerous issues including low availability, maintenance, privacy, and only one per island led TSKL to adopt satellite-based telephones. However, the system is more expensive and still only located at Council Headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-Savekiribati-158">[157]</a> Print weeklies in Gilbertese include the Te Uekara published by the government, Te Mauri published by the Kiribati Protestant Church, and the Kiribati Independent, published from <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> as well as the Kiribati Newstar, published in English.<a href="#cite_note-Savekiribati-158">[157]</a> In December 2019, SpaceX launched the <a href="/wiki/Kacific_Broadband_Satellites" title="Kacific Broadband Satellites">Kacific1 broadband satellite</a> that provides 100 Mbit/s mobile and broadband service to 25 countries throughout to the Asia-Pacific region including Kiribati.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> Three of the satellite's 56 spot beams provide overlapping coverage of the Gilbert Islands and Tuvalu; however, the more eastern regions of the country, the Phoenix and Line Islands, are outside of the satellite's coverage.<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> The Southern Cross NEXT cable system, which entered service in July 2022,<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> connects the US to Australia and provides service to eastern part of Kiribati (Kiritimati island) through the 234-mile (377 km) Kiritimati Branch with one fiber pair. The network, which is an upgrade to the existing <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Cable" title="Southern Cross Cable">Southern Cross Cable</a>, also connects to Samoa, Fiji, and New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> In June 2021, the World Bank-backed procurement for the East Micronesian Cable system was cancelled due to security concerns. The undersea fiberoptic system, which would have originated in <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, was "designed to improve the communications in the island nations of Nauru, Kiribati and Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)."<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> In January 2023, ministers from the three Pacific island nations signed a joint communiqué for moving forward with the stalled project. Funded by the U.S., Japan and Australia the project is valued at $70 million.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> In early 2023, it was reported that Kiribati became the first Pacific island country to receive <a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a> services.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kiribati" title="Demographics of Kiribati">Demographics of Kiribati</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Children_in_Bairiki_Square,_Tarawa,_Kiribati.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Children_in_Bairiki_Square%2C_Tarawa%2C_Kiribati.JPG/220px-Children_in_Bairiki_Square%2C_Tarawa%2C_Kiribati.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Children_in_Bairiki_Square%2C_Tarawa%2C_Kiribati.JPG/330px-Children_in_Bairiki_Square%2C_Tarawa%2C_Kiribati.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Children_in_Bairiki_Square%2C_Tarawa%2C_Kiribati.JPG/440px-Children_in_Bairiki_Square%2C_Tarawa%2C_Kiribati.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Kiribati">I-Kiribati</a> children in <a href="/wiki/South_Tarawa" title="South Tarawa">South Tarawa</a></figcaption></figure> The November 2020 census showed a population of 119,940. About 90% lived in the <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Islands" title="Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a>, with 52.9% of them on South Tarawa, including <a href="/wiki/Betio" title="Betio">Betio</a>, the biggest township.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> Until recently, people lived mostly in villages with populations between 50 and 3,000 on the outer islands. Most houses are made of materials obtained from coconut and pandanus trees. Frequent droughts and infertile soil hinder reliable large-scale agriculture, so the islanders have largely turned to the sea for livelihood and subsistence. Most are outrigger sailors and fishermen. Copra plantations serve as a second source of employment. In recent years, large numbers of citizens have moved to the more urban island capital of Tarawa, where Betio is the largest town and South Tarawa reunites larger towns like <a href="/wiki/Bikenibeu" title="Bikenibeu">Bikenibeu</a> or <a href="/wiki/Teaoraereke" title="Teaoraereke">Teaoraereke</a>. South Tarawa's 2024 population is now estimated at 69,710. In 1978, the population of South Tarawa was 17,921.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ethnicity">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landscape,_Kiribati,_2011._Photo-_Erin_Magee_-_DFAT_(12425893525).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Landscape%2C_Kiribati%2C_2011._Photo-_Erin_Magee_-_DFAT_%2812425893525%29.jpg/220px-Landscape%2C_Kiribati%2C_2011._Photo-_Erin_Magee_-_DFAT_%2812425893525%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Landscape%2C_Kiribati%2C_2011._Photo-_Erin_Magee_-_DFAT_%2812425893525%29.jpg/330px-Landscape%2C_Kiribati%2C_2011._Photo-_Erin_Magee_-_DFAT_%2812425893525%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Landscape%2C_Kiribati%2C_2011._Photo-_Erin_Magee_-_DFAT_%2812425893525%29.jpg/440px-Landscape%2C_Kiribati%2C_2011._Photo-_Erin_Magee_-_DFAT_%2812425893525%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2590" data-file-height="1726" /></a><figcaption>Village on Kiribati</figcaption></figure> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Ethnic groups in Kiribati</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Ethnic groups</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">I-Kiribati</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgreen; width:95.71%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">95.71%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Part I-Kiribati</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:3.76%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.76%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Tuvalu</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:0.24%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.24%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:1.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.8%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> The native people of Kiribati are called <a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Kiribati">I-Kiribati</a>. Ethnically, the I-Kiribati are <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanians</a>, a sub-ethnicity of <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> Recent archaeological evidence indicates that Austronesians originally settled the islands thousands of years ago [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. Around the 14th century, Fijians, Samoans, and Tongans invaded the islands, thus diversifying the ethnic range and introducing <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian</a> linguistic traits. Intermarriage among all ancestral groups, however, has led to a population reasonably homogeneous in appearance and traditions.<a href="#cite_note-US_State_Dept-81">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a>]</div> The people of Kiribati speak <a href="/wiki/Gilbertese_language" title="Gilbertese language">Gilbertese</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic language</a>. English is the other <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a>, but is not used very often outside the island capital of <a href="/wiki/Tarawa" title="Tarawa">Tarawa</a>. It is more likely that some English words are mixed in their use with Gilbertese. Older generations of I-Kiribati tend to use more complicated versions of the language. Several words in Gilbertese have been adopted from European settlers, for instance, kamea is one of the Gilbertese words for dog, kiri being the Oceanic one,<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> which has its origins in the I-Kiribati people hearing the European settlers saying "come here" to their dogs, and adopting that as kamea.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStearns1973228-172">[171]</a> Many other <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a> have been adopted (like buun, spoon, moko, smoke, beeki, pig, batoro, bottle) but some typical Gilbertese words are quite common, even for European objects (like wanikiba, plane – the flying canoe, rebwerebwe, motorbike – for the motor noise, kauniwae, shoes – the cow for the feet).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiribati(008).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kiribati%28008%29.JPG/220px-Kiribati%28008%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kiribati%28008%29.JPG/330px-Kiribati%28008%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kiribati%28008%29.JPG/440px-Kiribati%28008%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Catholic Church in Betio</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">Religion in Kiribati</a></div> Christianity is the major religion in Kiribati, having been lately introduced by <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a>, because of its remoteness and the absence of any significant European presence until the latter half of the 19th century. The population is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Kiribati" title="Catholic Church in Kiribati">Roman Catholic</a> (58.9%), with two main Protestant denominations (<a href="/wiki/Kiribati_Protestant_Church" title="Kiribati Protestant Church">Kiribati Protestant Church</a> 8.4% and <a href="/wiki/Kiribati_Uniting_Church" title="Kiribati Uniting Church">Kiribati Uniting Church</a> 21.2%) accounting for 29.6%. <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (5.6%), <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Kiribati" title="Baháʼí Faith in Kiribati">Baháʼí Faith</a> (2.1%), <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a> (2.1%), <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, and other small faiths together account for less than 2% (2020 census).<a href="#cite_note-Census_2020-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Health">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Oceania#Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hospitals in Oceania">List of hospitals in Oceania § Kiribati</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prevalence_Of_Obesity_In_The_Adult_Population,_Top_Countries_(2016).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Prevalence_Of_Obesity_In_The_Adult_Population%2C_Top_Countries_%282016%29.svg/440px-Prevalence_Of_Obesity_In_The_Adult_Population%2C_Top_Countries_%282016%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Prevalence_Of_Obesity_In_The_Adult_Population%2C_Top_Countries_%282016%29.svg/660px-Prevalence_Of_Obesity_In_The_Adult_Population%2C_Top_Countries_%282016%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Prevalence_Of_Obesity_In_The_Adult_Population%2C_Top_Countries_%282016%29.svg/880px-Prevalence_Of_Obesity_In_The_Adult_Population%2C_Top_Countries_%282016%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="247" /></a><figcaption>Prevalence of obesity in the adult population, top countries (2016), Kiribati has the seventh highest rate in the world.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Islands" title="Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a> where 90% of the Kiribati population live, boast some of the highest population densities in the Pacific, rivalling cities like Hong Kong or Singapore without any <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">skyscrapers</a> or other forms of conventional high-density housing. This overcrowding produces a great amount of pollution, worsening the quality and length of life. Due to insufficient sanitation and water filtration systems, worsened by the fragility of the <a href="/wiki/Lens_(hydrology)" title="Lens (hydrology)">water lens</a> of the atolls and by climate change, only about 66% have access to clean water. Waterborne diseases grow at record levels throughout the islands. Poor sanitation has led to an increase in cases of conjunctivitis, diarrhoea, dysentery, and fungal infections. Kiribati is the country with the third highest prevalence of smoking in the world, with 54–57% of the population reported as smokers.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> Due to this and other "<a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_disease" title="Lifestyle disease">lifestyle diseases</a>", such as <a href="/wiki/Type_2_diabetes" title="Type 2 diabetes">type 2 diabetes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> there has been a drastic spike in amputations on the islands, doubling in a few years.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] As a consequence, the population of Kiribati has a quite low life expectancy at birth of 68.46 years.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> Even if this data is of only 66.9 years, provided elsewhere, Kiribati ranks last in life expectancy out of the 20 nations of Oceania. This life expectancy is 64.3 for males, and 69.5 for females and there is an infant mortality rate of 41 deaths per 1,000 live births.<a href="#cite_note-IMF_2011-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a> has a small presence in the country, with 365 cases per 100,000 a year.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> Government expenditure on health was at US$268 per capita (PPP) in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> In 1990–2007, there were 23 physicians per 100,000 persons.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> Since the arrival of Cuban doctors in 2006, the infant mortality rate has decreased significantly.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> Most health problems are related to consumption of semi-raw seafood, limited food storage facilities, and bacterial contamination of fresh water supplies. In the early 2000s, between 1 and 7% of the population, depending on the island, were annually treated for food poisoning in a hospital. Modernization and cross-cultural exchange of the late 20th century brought new issues of unhealthy diet and lifestyle, heavy smoking, especially among the young, and external infections, including HIV/AIDS.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas20038–9-181">[180]</a> Fresh water remains a concern of Kiribati – during the dry season (Aumaiaki), water has been drilled for instead of using rain water tanks. In recent years, there has been a longer than usual Aumaikai season resulting in additional water having to be drilled from beneath the water table. This has introduced water-borne illnesses, compounding the health problems within Kiribati.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> The Human Rights Measurement Initiative<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> finds that Kiribati is fulfilling 77.2% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income.<a href="#cite_note-:0-184">[183]</a> When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Kiribati achieves 93.8% of what is expected based on its current income.<a href="#cite_note-:0-184">[183]</a> In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves 92.2% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income.<a href="#cite_note-:0-184">[183]</a> Kiribati falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the government is fulfilling only 45.5% of what the country is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.<a href="#cite_note-:0-184">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kiribati" title="Education in Kiribati">Education in Kiribati</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_South_Pacific,_Kiribati_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/University_of_South_Pacific%2C_Kiribati_Campus.jpg/220px-University_of_South_Pacific%2C_Kiribati_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/University_of_South_Pacific%2C_Kiribati_Campus.jpg/330px-University_of_South_Pacific%2C_Kiribati_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/University_of_South_Pacific%2C_Kiribati_Campus.jpg/440px-University_of_South_Pacific%2C_Kiribati_Campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1584" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_South_Pacific" title="University of the South Pacific">University of the South Pacific</a>, Kiribati Campus</figcaption></figure> Primary education is free and compulsory for the first nine years, beginning at age six.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> Mission schools are slowly being absorbed into the government primary school system. Higher education is expanding; students may seek technical, teacher or marine training, or study in other countries.<a href="#cite_note-US_State_Dept-81">[80]</a> Most choosing to do the latter have gone to Fiji to attend the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_South_Pacific" title="University of the South Pacific">University of the South Pacific</a>, and those wishing to complete medical training have been sent to Australia, New Zealand or Cuba.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> The education system is organised as follows: <ul><li>Preschool for childhood from 1 to 5 years;</li> <li>Primary school (Class 1 to 6) from 6 to 11 years;</li> <li>Junior secondary school (Form 1 to 3) from 12 to 14;</li> <li>Senior secondary school (Form 4 to 7) from 15 to 18.</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Kiribati_Ministry_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiribati Ministry of Education">Kiribati Ministry of Education</a> is the education ministry. The government high schools are <a href="/wiki/King_George_V_and_Elaine_Bernacchi_School" title="King George V and Elaine Bernacchi School">King George V and Elaine Bernacchi School</a>, Tabiteuea North Senior Secondary School, and Melaengi Tabai Secondary School. Thirteen high schools are operated by Christian churches.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> The University of the South Pacific has a campus in <a href="/wiki/Teaoraereke" title="Teaoraereke">Teaoraereke</a> for distant/flexible learning, but also to provide preparatory studies towards obtaining certificates, diplomas and degrees at other campus sites. The other prominent schools in Kiribati are: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Training_Centre" title="Marine Training Centre">Marine Training Centre</a> in Betio;</li> <li>the Kiribati Institute of Technology;</li> <li>the Kiribati Fisheries Training Centre;</li> <li>the Kiribati School of Nursing;</li> <li>the Kiribati Police Academy;</li> <li>the Kiribati Teachers College.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kiribati" title="Culture of Kiribati">Culture of Kiribati</a></div> Songs (te anene) and above all, dances (te mwaie), are held in high regard. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kiribati" title="Music of Kiribati">Music of Kiribati</a></div> Kiribati folk music is generally based on <a href="/wiki/Chanting" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanting">chanting</a> or other forms of vocalising, accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Body_percussion" title="Body percussion">body percussion</a>. Public performances in modern Kiribati are generally performed by a seated chorus, accompanied by a guitar. However, during formal performances of the standing dance (Te Kaimatoa) or the hip dance (Te Buki), a wooden box is used as a percussion instrument. This box is constructed to give a hollow and reverberating tone when struck simultaneously by a chorus of men sitting around it. Traditional songs are often love-themed, but there are also competitive, religious, children's, patriotic, war and wedding songs. There are also <a href="/wiki/Tirere" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirere">stick dances</a> which accompany legends and semi-historical stories.<a href="#cite_note-Encarta-189">[188]</a> These stick dances or "tirere" (pronounced seerere) are performed only during major festivals.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance">Dance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Dance">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Kiribati" title="Dance in Kiribati">Dance in Kiribati</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonriki_International_Airport_welcome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bonriki_International_Airport_welcome.jpg/220px-Bonriki_International_Airport_welcome.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bonriki_International_Airport_welcome.jpg/330px-Bonriki_International_Airport_welcome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bonriki_International_Airport_welcome.jpg/440px-Bonriki_International_Airport_welcome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>A welcome display</figcaption></figure> The uniqueness of Kiribati when compared with other forms of Pacific island dance is its emphasis on the outstretched arms of the dancer and the sudden birdlike movement of the head. The <a href="/wiki/Great_frigatebird" title="Great frigatebird">Frigate bird</a> (Fregata minor) on the Kiribati flag refers to this bird-like style of Kiribati dancing. Most dances are in the standing or sitting position with movement limited and staggered. Smiling whilst dancing is generally considered vulgar within the context of Kiribati dancing. This is due to its origin of not being solely as a form of entertainment but as a form of storytelling and a display of the skill, beauty and endurance of the dancer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevenson1896-190">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhincupWhincup2001-191">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Cuisine">edit</a>]</div> Traditionally, the staple diet of the I-Kiribati was the abundance of seafood and coconuts. Starch-based carbohydrate sources were not plentiful due to the hostile climate of the atolls with only the northernmost atolls being viable for constant agriculture. The national crop <a href="/wiki/Cyrtosperma_merkusii" title="Cyrtosperma merkusii">bwabwai</a> was only eaten during special celebrations along with pork. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Babai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Babai.jpg/220px-Babai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Babai.jpg/330px-Babai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Babai.jpg/440px-Babai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Bwabwai cultivation in <a href="/wiki/Butaritari" title="Butaritari">Butaritari</a></figcaption></figure> To complement the rather low consumption of carbohydrates in their diets, the I-Kiribati processed the sap and fruit of the abundant pandanus and coconut trees into different beverages and foods such as te karewe (fresh daily sap of the coconut tree) or <a href="/wiki/Te_tuae" class="mw-redirect" title="Te tuae">te tuae</a> (dried pandanus cake) and te kabubu (dried pandanus flour) from pandanus fruit pulp and te kamaimai (coconut sap syrup) from coconut sap.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After World War II, rice became a daily staple in most households, which is still the case today. The majority of seafood, fish in particular, is eaten sashimi-style with either coconut sap, soy sauce or vinegar-based dressings, often combined with chillies and onions. <a href="/wiki/Coconut_crabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut crabs">Coconut crabs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mud_crabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mud crabs">mud crabs</a> are traditionally given to breastfeeding mothers, with the belief that the meat stimulates the production of high-quality <a href="/wiki/Breast_milk" title="Breast milk">breast milk</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kiribati_at_the_Olympics" title="Kiribati at the Olympics">Kiribati at the Olympics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kiribati_at_the_2014_Commonwealth_Games" title="Kiribati at the 2014 Commonwealth Games">Kiribati at the 2014 Commonwealth Games</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bairiki_National_Stadium,_Tarawa,_Kiribati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bairiki_National_Stadium%2C_Tarawa%2C_Kiribati.jpg/220px-Bairiki_National_Stadium%2C_Tarawa%2C_Kiribati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bairiki_National_Stadium%2C_Tarawa%2C_Kiribati.jpg/330px-Bairiki_National_Stadium%2C_Tarawa%2C_Kiribati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bairiki_National_Stadium%2C_Tarawa%2C_Kiribati.jpg/440px-Bairiki_National_Stadium%2C_Tarawa%2C_Kiribati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Bairiki National Stadium, at Bairiki, Tarawa</figcaption></figure> Kiribati has competed at the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a> since 1998 and the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a> since 2004. It sent three competitors to its first Olympics, two sprinters and a weightlifter.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> Kiribati won its first ever Commonwealth Games medal at the <a href="/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games" title="2014 Commonwealth Games">2014 Commonwealth Games</a>, when weightlifter <a href="/wiki/David_Katoatau" title="David Katoatau">David Katoatau</a> won Gold in the 105 kg Group.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> is the most popular sport. <a href="/wiki/Kiribati_Islands_Football_Federation" title="Kiribati Islands Football Federation">Kiribati Islands Football Federation</a> (KIFF) is an associate member of the <a href="/wiki/Oceania_Football_Confederation" title="Oceania Football Confederation">Oceania Football Confederation</a>, but not of world-governing body <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a>. Instead, they are member of <a href="/wiki/ConIFA" class="mw-redirect" title="ConIFA">ConIFA</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kiribati_national_football_team" title="Kiribati national football team">Kiribati National team</a> has played ten matches, all of which it has lost, and all at the <a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_Pacific_Games" title="Football at the Pacific Games">Pacific Games</a> from 1979 to 2011. The Kiribati football stadium is <a href="/wiki/Bairiki_National_Stadium" title="Bairiki National Stadium">Bairiki National Stadium</a>, which has a capacity of 2,500.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> The Betio Soccer Field is home to a number of local sporting teams.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outside_perspectives">Outside perspectives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Outside perspectives">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carlyon_Eliot" title="Edward Carlyon Eliot">Edward Carlyon Eliot</a>, who was Resident Commissioner of the <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Gilbert and Ellice Islands</a> (now Kiribati and Tuvalu) from 1913 to 1920, describes this period in his autobiography Broken Atoms.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Grimble" title="Arthur Grimble">Arthur Grimble</a> wrote about his time working in the British colonial service in Kiribati (then the Gilbert Islands) from 1914 to 1932 in two popular books A Pattern of Islands (1952)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimble1952-56">[55]</a> and Return to the Islands (1957).<a href="#cite_note-Guiart_2002_v450-197">[196]</a> He also undertook academic studies of Gilbertese culture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimble1989-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Hilary_Smith" title="John Hilary Smith">John Smith</a>, the last governor of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, wrote his memoir An Island in the Autumn (2011).<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/J._Maarten_Troost" title="J. Maarten Troost">J. Maarten Troost</a>'s more recent autobiographical experiences in <a href="/wiki/Tarawa" title="Tarawa">Tarawa</a> are documented in his book <a href="/wiki/The_Sex_Lives_of_Cannibals" title="The Sex Lives of Cannibals">The Sex Lives of Cannibals</a> (2004).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETroost2004-199">[198]</a> Alice Piciocchi's illustrated essay, Kiribati. Cronache illustrate da una terra (s)perduta, (2016) Milan: 24 ORE Cultura, also translated into French (2018, éditions du Rouergue), tries to write and portray a comprehensive encyclopaedic book of modern Kiribati.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/32px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/48px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/64px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="617" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceania" title="Portal:Oceania">Oceania portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_Kiribati" title="List of towns and villages in Kiribati">List of towns and villages in Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Kiribati" title="Outline of Kiribati">Outline of Kiribati</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSabatier1954">Sabatier (1954)</a> says that Kiribati is already the meaning for all the Gilberts District of GEIC. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kiribatitourism.gov.ki/kiribati-pacific-ocean-location/">"About Kiribati – Kiribati For Travellers – Kiribati National Tourism Office"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Kiribati+%E2%80%93+Kiribati+For+Travellers+%E2%80%93+Kiribati+National+Tourism+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kiribatitourism.gov.ki%2Fkiribati-pacific-ocean-location%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2020-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2020_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2020_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2020_2-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nso.gov.ki/download/146/2020-census/1965/population-and-housing-census-report-2020">Kiribati Census 2020</a>. Retrieved 21 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kiribati+Census+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnso.gov.ki%2Fdownload%2F146%2F2020-census%2F1965%2Fpopulation-and-housing-census-report-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-facts-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-facts_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-facts_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-16431215/">"Kiribati profile – Facts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 23 May 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kiribati+profile+%E2%80%93+Facts&rft.date=2013-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-pacific-16431215%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nso.gov.ki/">"2020 Census"</a>. Kiribati National Statistics Office. Kiribati National Statistics Office – Ministry of Finance & Economic Development. Retrieved 17 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kiribati+National+Statistics+Office&rft.atitle=2020+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnso.gov.ki%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/country/kiribati?view=chart">"Kiribati | Data"</a>. data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 25 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=Kiribati+%7C+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Fcountry%2Fkiribati%3Fview%3Dchart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c=826,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2024&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook database: April 2023"</a>. April 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Outlook+database%3A+April+2023&rft.date=2023-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FApril%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D826%2C%26s%3DNGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2022%26ey%3D2024%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/">"Gini Index coefficient"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. Retrieved 24 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+Index+coefficient&rft.pub=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffield%2Fgini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income%2Fcountry-comparison%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2023-24"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024. pp. 274–277.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HUMAN+DEVELOPMENT+REPORT+2023-24&rft.pages=274-277&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2023-24reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Kiribati_dollar" title="Kiribati dollar">Kiribati dollar</a> is not the official currency. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Kiribati">"Kiribati"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 27 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kiribati&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FKiribati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160527071902/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/kiribati">"Kiribati: definition of Kiribati in Oxford dictionary (British & World English)"</a>. Oxford University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Kiribati">the original</a> on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kiribati%3A+definition+of+Kiribati+in+Oxford+dictionary+%28British+%26+World+English%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2FKiribati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_11-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kiribati/">Kiribati</a>. The World Factbook. </li> <li id="cite_note-r1-12"><a href="#cite_ref-r1_12-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-5000500.htm#fn-md*">Publications Office — Interinstitutional style guide — Annex A5 — List of countries, territories and currencies</a>. Europa (web portal). Retrieved 28 January 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-IMF_2011-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_2011_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_2011_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_2011_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMF_2011_13-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.aspx?sk=24871.0">"Kiribati: 2011 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report, Informational Annexes, Debt Sustainability Analysis, Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion, and Statement by the Executive Director for Kiribati"</a>. International Monetary Fund Country Report No. 11/113. 24 May 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kiribati%3A+2011+Article+IV+Consultation-Staff+Report%2C+Informational+Annexes%2C+Debt+Sustainability+Analysis%2C+Public+Information+Notice+on+the+Executive+Board+Discussion%2C+and+Statement+by+the+Executive+Director+for+Kiribati&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund+Country+Report+No.+11%2F113&rft.date=2011-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fcat%2Flongres.aspx%3Fsk%3D24871.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> In February 2021, Kiribati announced it would be withdrawing from the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a> in a joint statement with <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a> after a dispute regarding <a href="/wiki/Henry_Puna" title="Henry Puna">Henry Puna</a>'s election as the forum's secretary-general. </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-15"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/436039/five-micronesian-countries-leave-pacific-islands-forum">"Five Micronesian countries leave Pacific Islands Forum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a>. 9 February 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Five+Micronesian+countries+leave+Pacific+Islands+Forum&rft.pub=RNZ&rft.date=2021-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F436039%2Ffive-micronesian-countries-leave-pacific-islands-forum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-16"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/09/pacific-islands-forum-in-crisis-as-one-third-of-member-nations-quit">"Pacific Islands Forum in crisis as one-third of member nations quit"</a>. The Guardian. 8 February 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pacific+Islands+Forum+in+crisis+as+one-third+of+member+nations+quit&rft.date=2021-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Ffeb%2F09%2Fpacific-islands-forum-in-crisis-as-one-third-of-member-nations-quit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/country/kiribati/">"Kiribati Country Profile"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kiribati+Country+Profile&rft.pub=Commonwealth+of+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commonwealthofnations.org%2Fcountry%2Fkiribati%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/i-kiribati">"i-Kiribati"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Learner%27s_Dictionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Learner's Dictionaries">Oxford Learner's Dictionaries</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Learner%27s+Dictionaries&rft.atitle=i-Kiribati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fi-kiribati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReilly_Ridgell1995" class="citation book cs1">Reilly Ridgell (1995). 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Retrieved 29 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Polynesian+Society&rft.atitle=Post-Spanish+discoveries+in+the+central+Pacific&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=67-111&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Maude&rft.aufirst=H.+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jps.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdocument%2F%2FVolume_70_1961%2FVolume_70%252C_No._1%2FPost-Spanish_discoveries_in_the_central_Pacific%252C_by_H._E._Maude%252C_p_67-111%2Fp1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonald1982-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonald1982_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacdonald1982">Macdonald 1982</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-LifeMagazine1944-05-22-24"><a href="#cite_ref-LifeMagazine1944-05-22_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel_Eliot_Morison1944" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Eliot_Morison" title="Samuel Eliot Morison">Samuel Eliot Morison</a> (22 May 1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bk8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA91">"The Gilberts & Marshalls: A distinguished historian recalls the past of two recently captured pacific groups"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a>. 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Retrieved 23 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Finance+and+Economic+Development&rft.atitle=Background+Note%3A+Kiribati&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfep.gov.ki%2FFacts%2520and%2520Background.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> But the organization of the political decisions was far more complex as described by Jean-Paul Latouche, in Qui veut prendre la parole ? 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Canberra: Australian National University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Islands+on+the+line%3A+team+report&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=Atoll+economy+%3A+social+change+in+Kiribati+and+Tuvalu%2C+no.+1&rft.pub=Australian+National+University&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Geddes&rft.aufirst=W.+H.&rft.au=Chambers%2C+A.&rft.au=Sewell%2C+B.&rft.au=Lawrence%2C+R.&rft.au=Watters%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-maude-43"><a href="#cite_ref-maude_43-0">^</a> H. E. Maude, Beachcombers and castaways, The Journal of the Polynesian Society 73: 3 (1964) 254–293 </li> <li id="cite_note-ICC-44"><a href="#cite_ref-ICC_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2014" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Ian C. (2014). Gone Native in Polynesia: Captivity Narratives and Experiences from the South Pacific. Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313307874" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313307874"><bdi>978-0313307874</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gone+Native+in+Polynesia%3A+Captivity+Narratives+and+Experiences+from+the+South+Pacific&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0313307874&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Ian+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BC-45"><a href="#cite_ref-BC_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilcairns2006" class="citation book cs1">Milcairns, Susanne Williams (2006). Native Strangers: Beachcombers, Renegades and Castaways in the South Seas. Auckland: Penguin Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Native+Strangers%3A+Beachcombers%2C+Renegades+and+Castaways+in+the+South+Seas&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Milcairns&rft.aufirst=Susanne+Williams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RC-46"><a href="#cite_ref-RC_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRalston2014" class="citation book cs1">Ralston, Caroline (2014). Native Strangers: Grass Huts and Warehouses: Pacific Beach Communities of the Nineteenth Century. University of Queensland Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781921902321" title="Special:BookSources/9781921902321"><bdi>9781921902321</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Native+Strangers%3A+Grass+Huts+and+Warehouses%3A+Pacific+Beach+Communities+of+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.pub=University+of+Queensland+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781921902321&rft.aulast=Ralston&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MKT-47"><a href="#cite_ref-MKT_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitkiribati.travel/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/4Tarawa-Guide-2019-final.pdf">"Tourism Authority of Kiribati"</a> (PDF). Mauri – Kiribati, Tawara and Gilberts. 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mauri+%E2%80%93+Kiribati%2C+Tawara+and+Gilberts&rft.atitle=Tourism+Authority+of+Kiribati&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisitkiribati.travel%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F05%2F4Tarawa-Guide-2019-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SJM-48"><a href="#cite_ref-SJM_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitmee1871" class="citation book cs1">Whitmee, Samuel James (1871). A missionary cruise in the South Pacific being the report of a voyage amongst the Tokelau, Ellice and Gilbert islands, in the missionary barque "John Williams" during 1870. Sydney: J. Cook & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+missionary+cruise+in+the+South+Pacific+being+the+report+of+a+voyage+amongst+the+Tokelau%2C+Ellice+and+Gilbert+islands%2C+in+the+missionary+barque+%22John+Williams%22+during+1870&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=J.+Cook+%26+Co.&rft.date=1871&rft.aulast=Whitmee&rft.aufirst=Samuel+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LMS-49"><a href="#cite_ref-LMS_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovett1899" class="citation book cs1">Lovett, Richard (1899). The history of the London Missionary Society, 1795-1895. Vol. 1. London: H. Frowde.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+the+London+Missionary+Society%2C+1795-1895&rft.place=London&rft.pub=H.+Frowde&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Lovett&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-maude2-50"><a href="#cite_ref-maude2_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaude1963" class="citation journal cs1">Maude, H. E. (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190127175542/http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/?wid=3260">"The Evolution of the Gilbertese Boti"</a>. The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 72 (Supplement Memoir No. 35): 1–68. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/?wid=3260">the original</a> on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Polynesian+Society&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+the+Gilbertese+Boti&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=Supplement+Memoir+No.+35&rft.pages=1-68&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Maude&rft.aufirst=H.+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jps.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdocument%2F%3Fwid%3D3260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCtimeline-51"><a href="#cite_ref-BBCtimeline_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/2944816.stm">"BBC Timeline: Kiribati"</a>. BBC News. 15 May 2008. Retrieved 29 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+Timeline%3A+Kiribati&rft.date=2008-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fcountry_profiles%2F2944816.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahaffy1909" class="citation report cs1">Mahaffy, Arthur (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2367/">"CO 225/86/26804"</a>. Report by Mr. Arthur Mahaffy on a visit to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Report). London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. Retrieved 26 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Report+by+Mr.+Arthur+Mahaffy+on+a+visit+to+the+Gilbert+and+Ellice+Islands&rft.place=London&rft.pub=His+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Mahaffy&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F2367%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AN-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AN_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AN_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814207532014.pdf">"Modern buccaneers in the West Pacific"</a> (PDF). The New Age. South Africa: 136–140. 5 June 1913.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Age&rft.atitle=Modern+buccaneers+in+the+West+Pacific&rft.pages=136-140&rft.date=1913-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdl.lib.brown.edu%2Fpdfs%2F1140814207532014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Fanning_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanning Island">Fanning Island</a> (Tabuaeran) and <a href="/wiki/Teraina" title="Teraina">Teraina</a> (Washington Island) were already incorporated in 1888 in BWPT. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panam.org/explorations/650-canton-critical-stopover">"Canton: Critical Stopover"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canton%3A+Critical+Stopover&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.panam.org%2Fexplorations%2F650-canton-critical-stopover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimble1952-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimble1952_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimble1952_56-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrimble1952">Grimble 1952</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> That treaty was signed shortly after independence and ratified in 1983, the United States relinquishing all claims to the sparsely-inhabited Phoenix Islands, and those of the Line Islands that are part of Kiribati territory. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2014" class="citation journal cs1">Edwards, Julia B. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/jso/7100">"Phosphate mining and the relocation of the Banabans to northern Fiji in 1945: Lessons for climate change-forced displacement"</a>. Journal de la Société des Océanistes (138–139): 121–136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fjso.7100">10.4000/jso.7100</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+Oc%C3%A9anistes&rft.atitle=Phosphate+mining+and+the+relocation+of+the+Banabans+to+northern+Fiji+in+1945%3A+Lessons+for+climate+change-forced+displacement&rft.issue=138%E2%80%93139&rft.pages=121-136&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fjso.7100&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Julia+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fjso%2F7100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Macdonald,_B._K._1982-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Macdonald,_B._K._1982_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacdonald2001" class="citation book cs1">Macdonald, Barrie Keith (2001). Cinderellas of the Empire: Towards a History of Kiribati and Tuvalu. Canberra: (<a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a> Press, (first published 1982). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/982-02-0335-X" title="Special:BookSources/982-02-0335-X"><bdi>982-02-0335-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cinderellas+of+the+Empire%3A+Towards+a+History+of+Kiribati+and+Tuvalu&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=%28Australian+National+University+Press%2C+%28first+published+1982%29&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=982-02-0335-X&rft.aulast=Macdonald&rft.aufirst=Barrie+Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA136820.pdf">[1]</a> Operation Dominic I, United States Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Test Personnel Review, Defense Nuclear Agency for the Department of Defense, 1962 </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/ki.htm">"Kiribati Map and Information, Map of Kiribati, Facts, Figures and Geography of Kiribati -Worldatlas.com"</a>. worldatlas.com. Retrieved 12 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldatlas.com&rft.atitle=Kiribati+Map+and+Information%2C+Map+of+Kiribati%2C+Facts%2C+Figures+and+Geography+of+Kiribati+-Worldatlas.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Fwebimage%2Fcountrys%2Foceania%2Fki.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Kiribati was then granted sovereignty on <a href="/wiki/Canton_Island" title="Canton Island">Canton Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enderbury_Island" title="Enderbury Island">Enderbury Island</a>, Birnie Island, Mckean Island, Rawaki, Manra, Orona, and Nikumaroro from the Phoenix Islands; and <a href="/wiki/Teraina" title="Teraina">Teraina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabuaeran" title="Tabuaeran">Tabuaeran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiritimati" title="Kiritimati">Kiritimati</a>, Malden Island, Starbuck Island, Caroline Islands, Vostok Islands and Flint Island from the Line Islands. </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-63"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaude1952" class="citation journal cs1">Maude, H. E. (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221114130302/http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_61_1952/Volume_61,_No._1_+_2/The_colonization_of_the_Phoenix_Islands,_by_H._E._Maude,_p_62-89/p1">"The colonisation of the Phoenix Islands"</a>. Journal of the Polynesian Society. 61 (1–2): 62–89. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_61_1952/Volume_61,_No._1_%2B_2/The_colonization_of_the_Phoenix_Islands,_by_H._E._Maude,_p_62-89/p1">the original</a> on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Polynesian+Society&rft.atitle=The+colonisation+of+the+Phoenix+Islands&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=62-89&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Maude&rft.aufirst=H.+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jps.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdocument%2F%2FVolume_61_1952%2FVolume_61%2C_No._1_%252B_2%2FThe_colonization_of_the_Phoenix_Islands%2C_by_H._E._Maude%2C_p_62-89%2Fp1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEastThomas2014" class="citation book cs1">East, Roger; Thomas, Richard J. 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Retrieved 10 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FSM%2C+Nauru%2C+Kiribati+reach+a+deal+to+push+forward+a+stalled+fiber+optic+cable+project&rft.pub=Pacific+Island+Times&rft.date=2023-01-31&rft.aulast=Cagurangan&rft.aufirst=Marc-Vic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pacificislandtimes.com%2Fpost%2Ffsm-nauru-kiribati-agree-to-push-forward-a-stalled-fiber-optic-cable-project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ts2.space/en/starlink-in-kiribati/">"Starlink in Kiribati How Starlink is Improving Internet Connectivity in Kiribati"</a>. TS2 Space. 2 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TS2+Space&rft.atitle=Starlink+in+Kiribati+How+Starlink+is+Improving+Internet+Connectivity+in+Kiribati&rft.date=2023-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fts2.space%2Fen%2Fstarlink-in-kiribati%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191029145745/http://www.mfed.gov.ki/statistics/documents/2015_Population_Census_Report_Volume_1final_211016.pdf">"2015 Population and Housing Census, Volume 1: Management Report and Basic Tables"</a> (PDF). National Statistics Office (Ministry of Finance, Kiribati). September 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfed.gov.ki/statistics/documents/2015_Population_Census_Report_Volume_1final_211016.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2015+Population+and+Housing+Census%2C+Volume+1%3A+Management+Report+and+Basic+Tables&rft.pub=National+Statistics+Office+%28Ministry+of+Finance%2C+Kiribati%29&rft.date=2016-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfed.gov.ki%2Fstatistics%2Fdocuments%2F2015_Population_Census_Report_Volume_1final_211016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> The populations of Kiribati and of South Tarawa appear in Table 1b ("Population and No. of Households by Island, Ethnicity and Land Area: 2015") on page 32. The population of South Tarawa is 39,058. If the population of nearby <a href="/wiki/Betio" title="Betio">Betio</a> is included, the figure increases to 56,388. The population located in the Gilbert Islands is 99,633 and is given in Table A3 ("Population Summary by Island: 1931–2015") on page 195. </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/south-tarawa-population">"South Tarawa Population 2024"</a>. 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Librario. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906775-26-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906775-26-1"><bdi>978-1-906775-26-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Island+in+the+Autumn&rft.pub=Librario&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-906775-26-1&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUcSGvwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETroost2004-199"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETroost2004_199-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTroost2004">Troost 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFavier2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Favier, Olivier (7 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfi.fr/fr/culture/20181004-litterature-roman-graphique-kiribati-portrait-monde-sursis">"Les Kiribati: Portrait d'un monde en sursis"</a> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+Kiribati%3A+Portrait+d%27un+monde+en+sursis&rft.date=2018-10-07&rft.aulast=Favier&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Ffr%2Fculture%2F20181004-litterature-roman-graphique-kiribati-portrait-monde-sursis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis1935" class="citation book cs1">Ellis, Albert F. (1935). Ocean Island and Nauru; Their Story. Sydney, Australia: Angus and Robertson. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3444055">3444055</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ocean+Island+and+Nauru%3B+Their+Story&rft.place=Sydney%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Angus+and+Robertson&rft.date=1935&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3444055&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Albert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimble1952" class="citation book cs1">Grimble, Arthur (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-GriPatt.html">A Pattern of Islands</a>. <a href="/wiki/Early_New_Zealand_Books" title="Early New Zealand Books">Early New Zealand Books</a> (NZETC). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906011-45-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906011-45-1"><bdi>978-1-906011-45-1</bdi></a>. 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Honolulu: E katauraoaki irouni beiñam. 1895.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Te+Rikitianere+ni+baibara%2C+ae+te+boki+ni+kaoti+nanon+taeka+ianena+aika+376+aika+n+te+baibara+ni+kiribati%3A+ma+te+kankaotanti+ae+karako&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=E+katauraoaki+irouni+bei%C3%B1am&rft.date=1895&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DibMUAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacdonald1982" class="citation book cs1">Macdonald, Barrie (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_FwTAQAAIAAJ">Cinderellas of the Empire: Towards a History of Kiribati and Tuvalu</a>. Australian National University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789820203358" title="Special:BookSources/9789820203358"><bdi>9789820203358</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cinderellas+of+the+Empire%3A+Towards+a+History+of+Kiribati+and+Tuvalu&rft.pub=Australian+National+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9789820203358&rft.aulast=Macdonald&rft.aufirst=Barrie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_FwTAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoseley2014" class="citation book cs1">Moseley, William G. (2014). An Introduction to Human-Environment Geography: Local Dynamics and Global Processes. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8932-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8932-3"><bdi>978-1-4051-8932-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Human-Environment+Geography%3A+Local+Dynamics+and+Global+Processes&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8932-3&rft.aulast=Moseley&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiciocchi2016" class="citation book cs1">Piciocchi, Alice (2016). Kiribati: cronache illustrate da una terra (s)perduta. Milan, Italy: 24 ORE Cultura. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-6648-307-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-6648-307-6"><bdi>978-88-6648-307-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kiribati%3A+cronache+illustrate+da+una+terra+%28s%29perduta&rft.place=Milan%2C+Italy&rft.pub=24+ORE+Cultura&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-88-6648-307-6&rft.aulast=Piciocchi&rft.aufirst=Alice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"> (also in French)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabatier1954" class="citation book cs1">Sabatier, Ernest (1954). Dictionnaire gilbertin-français. Mission of the Sacred Heart.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+gilbertin-fran%C3%A7ais&rft.pub=Mission+of+the+Sacred+Heart&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Sabatier&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStearns1973" class="citation book cs1">Stearns, Harold Thornton (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lbe0AAAAIAAJ&q=kamea+Gilbertese">Geologic Setting of the Fossil Goose Bones Found on Molokai Island, Hawaii</a>. Bernice P. Bishop Museum. <q>Malayo-Polynesian terms for the dog, te kiri, and the pig. te buaka, occur in Gilbertese word lists, but in general usage the dog is often called te kamea (from "come here") and the pig is known only as te beki.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geologic+Setting+of+the+Fossil+Goose+Bones+Found+on+Molokai+Island%2C+Hawaii&rft.pub=Bernice+P.+Bishop+Museum&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Stearns&rft.aufirst=Harold+Thornton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlbe0AAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dkamea%2BGilbertese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson1896" class="citation book cs1">Stevenson, Robert Louis (1896). In the South Seas.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+South+Seas&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=Robert+Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2003" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas, Frank R. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/AtollResearchBulletin/issues/00501.pdf">"Kiribati: 'Some aspects of human ecology,' forty years later"</a> (PDF). Atoll Research Bulletin. 501: 1–40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5479%2Fsi.00775630.501.1">10.5479/si.00775630.501.1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atoll+Research+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Kiribati%3A+%27Some+aspects+of+human+ecology%2C%27+forty+years+later&rft.volume=501&rft.pages=1-40&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5479%2Fsi.00775630.501.1&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Frank+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.si.edu%2FDigitalCollections%2FAtollResearchBulletin%2Fissues%2F00501.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTroost2004" class="citation book cs1">Troost, J. Maarten (8 June 2004). The Sex Lives of Cannibals. Broadway Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-76-791530-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-76-791530-4"><bdi>978-0-76-791530-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sex+Lives+of+Cannibals&rft.pub=Broadway+Books&rft.date=2004-06-08&rft.isbn=978-0-76-791530-4&rft.aulast=Troost&rft.aufirst=J.+Maarten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2020" class="citation book cs1">Walsh, Michael Ravell (2020). A History of Kiribati: From the Earliest Times to the 40th Anniversary of the Republic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9-79869535-895-7" title="Special:BookSources/9-79869535-895-7"><bdi>9-79869535-895-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Kiribati%3A+From+the+Earliest+Times+to+the+40th+Anniversary+of+the+Republic&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9-79869535-895-7&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Michael+Ravell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhincupWhincup2001" class="citation book cs1">Whincup, Joan; Whincup, Tony (2001). Akekeia! Traditional dance in Kiribati. Wellington, NZ.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akekeia%21+Traditional+dance+in+Kiribati&rft.place=Wellington%2C+NZ&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Whincup&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.au=Whincup%2C+Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source</a>]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsMacdonald1985" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Maslyn; Macdonald, Barrie (1985). The Phosphateers: A History of the British Phosphate Commissioners and the Christmas Island Phosphate Commission. Melbourne University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84302-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84302-6"><bdi>978-0-522-84302-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phosphateers%3A+A+History+of+the+British+Phosphate+Commissioners+and+the+Christmas+Island+Phosphate+Commission&rft.pub=Melbourne+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-522-84302-6&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Maslyn&rft.au=Macdonald%2C+Barrie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKiribati" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Kiribati at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kiribati" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Kiribati">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kiribati" class="extiw" title="c:Kiribati">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Kiribati" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Kiribati">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kiribati" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Kiribati">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kiribati" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Kiribati">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kiribati" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Kiribati">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kiribati" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Kiribati">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kiribati" class="extiw" title="voy:Kiribati">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldmaps.info/maps/high/KI/ki.jpg">Map of Kiribati</a> from World Maps</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kiribatitourism.gov.ki/">Kiribati National Tourism Office</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.ki/">Parliament of Kiribati</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climate.gov.ki/">Kiribati National Climate Change Portal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120202030155/http://www.climate.gov.ki/tarawa_climate_change_conference.html">Archived</a> 2 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506023409/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-k/kiribati.html">Chief of State and Cabinet Members</a> (archived 6 May 2009)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_information">General information</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: General information">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kiribati/">Kiribati</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607085059/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/kiribati.htm">Kiribati</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs (archived 7 June 2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-16431122">Kiribati</a> from <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Kiribati" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Kiribati">Wikimedia Atlas of Kiribati</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191203203818/http://www.phoenixislands.org/">Phoenix Islands Protected Area</a><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114110615/http://www.history.navy.mil/ac/exploration/wilkes/wilkes.html">Exhibit: The Alfred Agate Collection: The United States Exploring Expedition, 1838–1842</a> from the Navy Art Gallery (archived 14 January 2012)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kiribati-data.sprep.org/dataset/birds-kiribati">Birds of Kiribati</a> from <a href="/wiki/Conservation_International" title="Conservation International">Conservation International</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Kiribati_topics" title="Template:Kiribati topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kiribati_topics" title="Template talk:Kiribati topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kiribati_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kiribati topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kiribati_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kiribati</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kiribati" title="History of Kiribati">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gilbert_(sea_captain)" title="Thomas Gilbert (sea captain)">Thomas Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Gilbert and Ellice Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphate_mining_in_Banaba_and_Nauru" title="Phosphate mining in Banaba and Nauru">Phosphate mining in Banaba and Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Gilbert_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands">Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Battle of Tarawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tarawa" title="Treaty of Tarawa">Treaty of Tarawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Kiribati" title="Subdivisions of Kiribati">Former subdivisions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kiribati" title="Geography of Kiribati">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kiribati" title="Geography of Kiribati">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Kiribati" title="Protected areas of Kiribati">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_Kiribati" title="List of towns and villages in Kiribati">Towns and villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Kiribati" title="Time in Kiribati">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Kiribati" title="Wildlife of Kiribati">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Kiribati" title="List of islands of Kiribati">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Islands" title="Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_Islands" title="Line Islands">Line Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banaba" title="Banaba">Banaba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kiribati" title="Politics of Kiribati">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Kiribati" title="Cabinet of Kiribati">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kiribati" title="Elections in Kiribati">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kiribati" title="Foreign relations of Kiribati">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Kiribati" title="Law enforcement in Kiribati">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Kiribati">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_(Kiribati)" title="House of Assembly (Kiribati)">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kiribati" title="List of political parties in Kiribati">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kiribati" title="President of Kiribati">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kiribati" title="Economy of Kiribati">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Kiribati">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Kiribati" title="Transport in Kiribati">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Kiribati" title="Category:Society of Kiribati">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kiribati" title="Culture of Kiribati">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Kiribati" title="Dance in Kiribati">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kiribati" title="Demographics of Kiribati">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kiribati" title="Education in Kiribati">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Kiribati" title="Football in Kiribati">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbertese_language" title="Gilbertese language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kiribati" title="Music of Kiribati">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Kiribati" title="List of newspapers in Kiribati">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Kiribati" title="Public holidays in Kiribati">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kunan_Kiribati" title="Kunan Kiribati">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kiribati" title="Coat of arms of Kiribati">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kiribati" title="Flag of Kiribati">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Kiribati" title="Outline of Kiribati">Outline</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kiribati" title="Category:Kiribati">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Years_in_Kiribati" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Years_in_Kiribati" title="Template:Years in Kiribati"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Years_in_Kiribati" title="Template talk:Years in Kiribati"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Years_in_Kiribati" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Years in Kiribati"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Years_in_Kiribati" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Years in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kiribati</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kiribati" title="History of Kiribati">History</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1979 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980s_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980s in Kiribati (page does not exist)">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990s_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990s in Kiribati (page does not exist)">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2001 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2002 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2005_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2005 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2010_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2016 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2017 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Kiribati (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Kiribati" title="2020 in Kiribati">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Kiribati" title="2021 in Kiribati">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Kiribati" title="2022 in Kiribati">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Kiribati" title="2023 in Kiribati">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_Kiribati" title="2024 in Kiribati">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_in_Kiribati" title="2025 in Kiribati">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_Kiribati" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kiribati_geography" title="Template:Kiribati geography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kiribati_geography" title="Template talk:Kiribati geography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kiribati_geography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kiribati geography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_Kiribati" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kiribati" title="Geography of Kiribati">Geography of Kiribati</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Islands" title="Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaiang" title="Abaiang">Abaiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abemama" title="Abemama">Abemama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranuka" title="Aranuka">Aranuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arorae" title="Arorae">Arorae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beru_(atoll)" title="Beru (atoll)">Beru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butaritari" title="Butaritari">Butaritari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuria_(atoll)" title="Kuria (atoll)">Kuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiana" title="Maiana">Maiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makin_(atoll)" title="Makin (atoll)">Makin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marakei" title="Marakei">Marakei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikunau" title="Nikunau">Nikunau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonouti" title="Nonouti">Nonouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onotoa" title="Onotoa">Onotoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabiteuea" title="Tabiteuea">Tabiteuea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamana,_Kiribati" title="Tamana, Kiribati">Tamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarawa" title="Tarawa">Tarawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birnie_Island" title="Birnie Island">Birnie Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_Island" title="Canton Island">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enderbury_Island" title="Enderbury Island">Enderbury Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manra" title="Manra">Manra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKean_Island" title="McKean Island">McKean Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikumaroro" title="Nikumaroro">Nikumaroro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orona" title="Orona">Orona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawaki" title="Rawaki">Rawaki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Line_Islands" title="Line Islands">Line Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Island" title="Caroline Island">Caroline Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint_Island" title="Flint Island">Flint Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiritimati" title="Kiritimati">Kiritimati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malden_Island" title="Malden Island">Malden Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starbuck_Island" title="Starbuck Island">Starbuck Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabuaeran" title="Tabuaeran">Tabuaeran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teraina" title="Teraina">Teraina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_Island" title="Vostok Island">Vostok Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West of Gilberts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banaba" title="Banaba">Banaba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carondelet_Reef" title="Carondelet Reef">Carondelet Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Reef" title="Filippo Reef">Filippo Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winslow_Reef,_Phoenix_Islands" title="Winslow Reef, Phoenix Islands">Winslow Reef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Kiribati" title="Outline of Kiribati">Outline of Kiribati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">Countries and territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_area" title="List of Oceanian countries by area">List of Oceanian countries by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population" title="List of Oceanian countries by population">List of Oceanian countries by population</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Papua" title="Central Papua">Central Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Papua" title="Highland Papua">Highland Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Papua" title="Southwest Papua">Southwest Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/225px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/300px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Territory#Overseas_territory" title="Territory">territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas collectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_country_of_France" title="Overseas country of France">Overseas country of France</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_the_Cook_Islands_and_Niue" title="Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue">Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">States and territories of Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Indian_Ocean_Territories" title="Australian Indian Ocean Territories">Australian Indian Ocean Territories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">United States Minor Outlying Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Commonwealth" title="Template talk:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a> (members)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries">Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Template:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Template talk:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_Group_of_States" class="mw-redirect" title="African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States">ACP</a> Secretariat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretariat" title="Commonwealth Secretariat">Commonwealth Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">United Nations Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_and_Central_Pacific_Fisheries_Commission" title="Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission">Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialogue partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development partner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/45th_Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="45th Pacific Islands Forum">45th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="51st Pacific Islands Forum">51st</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q710#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q710#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q710#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404587152">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012295548X">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147680945">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1212694/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJm4XH8y674KPr3c4yDrMP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4073459-6">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81035232">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11951476g">France</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12494455b">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11951476g">BnF data</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12494455b">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575995">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35312259">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129570&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX457054">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555038105171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/2b425457-0a4f-3282-9d2f-0a0e0f7db2e5">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/aabbba63-bea0-4a40-ae1f-12c10a1b5453">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/dBuaIl5X">UK Parliament</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034158502">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035699">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kiribati&params=1_25_N_173_00_E_">1°25′N 173°00′E / 1.417°N 173.000°E / 1.417; 173.000</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&oldid=1259600060">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kiribati&oldid=1259600060</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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