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class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Ethnic groups of North and Northeast Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups_of_North_and_Northeast_Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tribes_of_Southern_Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tribes_of_Southern_Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Tribes of Southern Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tribes_of_Southern_Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rural_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rural_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rural society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rural_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_society" class="vector-toc-list-item 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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="بنغلاديشيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنغلاديشيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80" title="বাংলাদেশী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাংলাদেশী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalen" title="Bangalen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bangalen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EA%B8%80%EB%9D%BC%EB%8D%B0%EC%8B%9C%EC%9D%B8" title="방글라데시인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="방글라데시인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Bangladesh" title="Orang Bangladesh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Bangladesh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بنجلاديشيين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بنجلاديشيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="بنگلا دیشی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بنگلا دیشی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshasit" title="Bangladeshasit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bangladeshasit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshis" title="Bangladeshis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bangladeshis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="ชาวบังกลาเทศ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวบังกลาเทศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="بنگلہ دیشی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بنگلہ دیشی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Bangladesh" title="Người Bangladesh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Bangladesh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4855428#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshi&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi">Bangladeshi</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Citizens of the country of Bangladesh</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Bangladeshi people. For Bengali people as ethnic group, see <a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bangladeshi" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bangladeshi (disambiguation)">Bangladeshi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Bangladeshis</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="bn">বাংলাদেশী</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> <b>190 million</b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> 174,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-population.un_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population.un-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_diaspora" title="Bangladeshi diaspora">Diaspora</a></i>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 13 million+<sup id="cite_ref-thedailystar.net_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thedailystar.net-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,116,192<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,090,000<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></th><td class="infobox-data">680,242<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="infobox-data">652,535<sup id="cite_ref-2021census_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021census-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2022census_Scot_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2022census_Scot-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NICensus2021_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NICensus2021-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></th><td class="infobox-data">400,000<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">400,000<sup id="cite_ref-info.undp.org_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-info.undp.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></th><td class="infobox-data">350,000<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="infobox-data">304,245<sup id="cite_ref-ACS_2023_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACS_2023-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></th><td class="infobox-data">300,000<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></th><td class="infobox-data">180,000<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></th><td class="infobox-data">160,000<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">150,000<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></th><td class="infobox-data">150,000<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></th><td class="infobox-data">150,000<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></th><td class="infobox-data">80,000<sup id="cite_ref-erd.portal.gov.bd_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erd.portal.gov.bd-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="infobox-data">75,425<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">70,000 (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">51,491<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="infobox-data">50,000<sup id="cite_ref-info.undp.org_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-info.undp.org-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></th><td class="infobox-data">30,000–40,000<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27,962<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25,000<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></th><td class="infobox-data">22,000<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20,000<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18,000<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16,410<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15,000<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15,000<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12,279<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7,000<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6,000<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6,000<sup id="cite_ref-erd.portal.gov.bd_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erd.portal.gov.bd-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,000<sup id="cite_ref-erd.portal.gov.bd_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erd.portal.gov.bd-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,300<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,337<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,000<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, various <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bangladesh" title="Languages of Bangladesh">languages of Bangladesh</a><br />English<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Majority</b>:<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_and_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/15px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/23px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/30px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <b>Minority</b>:<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/15px-Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/23px-Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/30px-Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/15px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/23px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/30px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/12px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/18px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/24px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a><sup id="cite_ref-ciafactbook_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciafactbook-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others (including <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">agnosticism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">unaffiliated</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">other <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_peoples" title="Indo-Aryan peoples">Indo-Aryan 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile" style="border:2px double #B22234; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color: var(--color-base, #202122);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bengali_dialects_political_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bengali_dialects_political_map.svg/140px-Bengali_dialects_political_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bengali_dialects_political_map.svg/210px-Bengali_dialects_political_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bengali_dialects_political_map.svg/280px-Bengali_dialects_political_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="1250" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bengal" title="History of Bengal">Bengali history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanga_kingdom" title="Vanga kingdom">Vanga kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangaridai" title="Gangaridai">Gangaridai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauda_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauda Kingdom">Gauda Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Subah" title="Bengal Subah">Bengal Subah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bengal_and_Assam" title="Eastern Bengal and Assam">Eastern Bengal and Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bengal" title="East Bengal">East Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Bengal" title="Names of Bengal">Names of Bengal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengali homeland</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barak_Valley" title="Barak Valley">Barak Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali people">Bengali people</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Social group: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangal" title="Bangal">Bangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghotis" title="Ghotis">Ghotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_diaspora" title="Bangladeshi diaspora">Diaspora</a></li></ul></li> <li>Religious community: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslims" title="Bengali Muslims">Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindus" title="Bengali Hindus">Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Buddhists" title="Bengali Buddhists">Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Christians" title="Bengali Christians">Christians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali name</a></li> <li>Subgroups: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhakaiyas" title="Dhakaiyas">Dhakaiyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylhetis" title="Sylhetis">Sylhetis</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali culture">Bengali culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangaliana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangaliana">Bangaliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_dialects" title="Bengali dialects">Dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_of_Bengali" title="Romanisation of Bengali">Romanisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_poetry" title="Bengali poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_science_fiction" title="Bengali science fiction">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_novels" title="Bengali novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_folk_literature" title="Bangladeshi folk literature">Folklore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_art" title="Bangladeshi art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali music">Music</a></li> <li>Cinema <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bangladesh" title="Cinema of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_West_Bengal" title="Cinema of West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre in Bangladesh">Theatre</a></li> <li>Weddings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim_wedding" title="Bengali Muslim wedding">Bengali Muslim wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu_wedding" title="Bengali Hindu wedding">Bengali Hindu wedding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_temple_architecture" title="Bengal temple architecture">Bengal Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li>Festivals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pahela_Baishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Baishakh">New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahela_Falgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Falgun">Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barsha_Utsab" title="Barsha Utsab">Monsoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabanna" title="Nabanna">Harvest</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Bengali symbols</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangamata" title="Bangamata">Bangamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Bangla" title="Joy Bangla">Joy Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_cat" title="Bengal cat">Bengal cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungalow" title="Bungalow">Bungalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal fire">Bengal fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Sonar_Bangla" title="Amar Sonar Bangla">Amar Sonar Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Bangladesh" title="National symbols of Bangladesh">National symbols of Bangladesh</a></li> <li>Fish and rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilish" title="Ilish">Ilish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chingri_malai_curry" title="Chingri malai curry">Chingri malai curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasgulla" title="Rasgulla">Rasgulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chomchom" title="Chomchom">Chomchom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamdani" title="Jamdani">Jamdani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suvarnabhumi" title="Suvarnabhumi">Suvarnabhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_nationalism" title="Bengali nationalism">Bengali nationalism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bengal" title="List of rulers of Bengal">List of rulers of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Bengal" title="United Bengal">United Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangabhumi" title="Bangabhumi">Bangabhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangladesh" title="Greater Bangladesh">Greater Bangladesh</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bangladeshis</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">বাংলাদেশী</span><sup id="cite_ref-BdConst6Bn_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BdConst6Bn-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">[ˈbaŋladeʃi]</a></span>) are the <a href="/wiki/Citizens" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizens">citizens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nationals</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, a South Asian country centred on the transnational <a href="/wiki/Historical_region" title="Historical region">historical region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">eponymous bay</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationality_law" title="Bangladeshi nationality law">Bangladeshi citizenship</a> was formed in 1971, when the permanent residents of the former <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a> were transformed into citizens of a new republic.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bangladesh is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">eighth most populous nation</a>. The vast majority of Bangladeshis are ethnolinguistically <a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_peoples" title="Indo-Aryan peoples">Indo-Aryan people</a>. The population of Bangladesh is concentrated in the fertile <a href="/wiki/Bengal_delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal delta">Bengal delta</a>, which has been the centre of urban and agrarian civilizations for millennia. The country's highlands, including the <a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts" title="Chittagong Hill Tracts">Chittagong Hill Tracts</a> and parts of the <a href="/wiki/Sylhet_Division" title="Sylhet Division">Sylhet Division</a>, are home to various tribal minorities. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslims" title="Bengali Muslims">Bengali Muslims</a> are the predominant ethnoreligious group of Bangladesh with a population of 150.36 million, which makes up 91.04% of the country's population as of 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The minority <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Hindu">Bengali Hindu</a> population made up approximately 7.95% of the population of the country according to the 2022 Census<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census2011_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non-Bengali Muslims make up the largest immigrant community; while the <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibeto-Burman">Tibeto-Burman</a> <a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakmas</a>, who speak the Indo-Aryan <a href="/wiki/Chakma_language" title="Chakma language">Chakma language</a>, are the largest indigenous ethnic group after Indo-Aryan Bengalis.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroasiatic">Austroasiatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Santhals" class="mw-redirect" title="Santhals">Santhals</a> are the largest aboriginal community. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_diaspora" title="Bangladeshi diaspora">Bangladeshi diaspora</a> is concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>, North America and the <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshi" class="mw-redirect" title="British Bangladeshi">United Kingdom</a>. A significant number of Non-Resident Bangladeshis (NRBs) have <a href="/wiki/Dual_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual citizenship">dual citizenship</a> in different countries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangladesh_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bangladesh_in_its_region.svg/220px-Bangladesh_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bangladesh_in_its_region.svg/330px-Bangladesh_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bangladesh_in_its_region.svg/440px-Bangladesh_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="209" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> in Asia</figcaption></figure> <p>After Independence of Bangladesh in 1971, Bangladeshis, as a nationality, have been referred to by various terms: </p> <ul><li><b>Bangladeshis</b>, the most widely used term to refer to the citizens of Bangladesh, comes from <i>Bangladesh</i> (meaning "Country of Bengal"), and can be traced to the early 20th century. Then, the term was used by Bengali patriotic songs like <i>Namo Namo Namo Bangladesh Momo</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a>, and <i>Aaji Bangladesher Hridoy</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Bangalees</b>, an <a href="/wiki/Exonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym">exonym</a> for <a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a>, was used between 1972 and 1978 by the Constitution of Bangladesh for all citizens of Bangladesh, despite 2% of the population being indigenous and immigrant non-Bengalis. Under President <a href="/wiki/Ziaur_Rahman" title="Ziaur Rahman">Ziaur Rahman</a>, the constitutional term was changed to <i>Bangladeshi</i>, as part of efforts to promote <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationalism" title="Bangladeshi nationalism">Bangladeshi nationalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Murshid_2001_165_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murshid_2001_165-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "Bangalee" is still used to denote people of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> as a nation.<sup id="cite_ref-Citizenship_CoB_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Citizenship_CoB-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>None of these terms should be conflated with <i><a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a></i>, the name of the predominant ethnic group in the country who make up the bulk of all Bangladeshis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region of Bengal was settled by people of diverse origins, including <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_peoples" title="Indo-Aryan peoples">Indo-Aryan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_peoples" title="Dravidian peoples">Dravidian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibeto-Burman">Tibeto-Burman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroasiatic">Austroasiatic</a> ancestry, with the most ancient settlements traced back to 4000 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_demographics">Religious demographics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religious demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:red; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 15915.284869129px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3978.035783976px; border-left-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1573.6756085647px; border-left-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 158.45363703077px; border-left-color:darkgreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkgreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkgreen"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religions in Bangladesh (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkgreen; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (91.04%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (7.95%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (0.61%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (0.30%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span> Others (0.12%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Bangladesh has a 2024 population of 174 million according to United Nations projections.<sup id="cite_ref-population.un_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population.un-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As per as 2020 estimation research, around 13 million Bangladeshis live abroad in various foreign nations.<sup id="cite_ref-thedailystar.net_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thedailystar.net-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thefinancialexpress.com.bd_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thefinancialexpress.com.bd-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The estimated total population of all Bangladeshis including the ones who are living in their country and abroad is about 187 million as per 2020–21 estimation.<sup id="cite_ref-population.un_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population.un-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thedailystar.net_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thedailystar.net-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thefinancialexpress.com.bd_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thefinancialexpress.com.bd-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Bangladesh religious diversity as per 2022 census</b><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census2011_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Religion </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_and_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/18px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/27px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/36px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a></span>) </td> <td>150,360,404 </td> <td>91.04% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/15px-Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/23px-Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/30px-Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="200" /></a></span>) </td> <td>13,130,109 </td> <td>7.95% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/18px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/27px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/36px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>) </td> <td>1,007,467 </td> <td>0.61% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christianity_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Christianity_Symbol.svg/17px-Christianity_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Christianity_Symbol.svg/26px-Christianity_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Christianity_Symbol.svg/34px-Christianity_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="559" /></a></span>) </td> <td>495,475 </td> <td>0.30% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>198,190 </td> <td>0.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td>165,158,616 </td> <td>100% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bengalis">Bengalis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bengalis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BD_Dance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/BD_Dance.jpg/280px-BD_Dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/BD_Dance.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="265" /></a><figcaption>Bangladeshi artists performing in a dance show</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangladeshi_girls_taking_Selfie_at_Pohela_Falgun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bangladeshi_girls_taking_Selfie_at_Pohela_Falgun.jpg/280px-Bangladeshi_girls_taking_Selfie_at_Pohela_Falgun.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bangladeshi_girls_taking_Selfie_at_Pohela_Falgun.jpg/420px-Bangladeshi_girls_taking_Selfie_at_Pohela_Falgun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bangladeshi_girls_taking_Selfie_at_Pohela_Falgun.jpg/560px-Bangladeshi_girls_taking_Selfie_at_Pohela_Falgun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Bangladeshi girls taking Selfie at <a href="/wiki/Pohela_Falgun" title="Pohela Falgun">Pohela Falgun</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Approximately 99% of the Bangladeshis are <a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a>. <a href="/wiki/East_Bengal" title="East Bengal">East Bengal</a> was a prosperous <a href="/wiki/Melting_pot" title="Melting pot">melting pot</a> for centuries. It witnessed a synthesis of Islamic, North Indian and indigenous <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bengal" title="Culture of Bengal">Bengali cultures</a>. Today, <a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a> enjoy strong cultural homogeneity with a common standardized language and a variety of <a href="/wiki/Bengali_dialects" title="Bengali dialects">dialects</a>. </p><p>Over 91.04% of the population are <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Muslim">Bengali Muslims</a> (150.36 million) as of 2022. This makes Bangladesh the world's third largest <a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Muslim majority country</a> after <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. Bengali Muslims also make up the world's second largest Muslim ethnic group after <a href="/wiki/Arab_Muslims" title="Arab Muslims">Arab Muslims</a>. Most Bangladeshi Muslims are member of the <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> branch of Islam. There are significant minorities of the <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiya">Ahmadiya</a> branches. <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindus" title="Bengali Hindus">Bengali Hindus</a> are the largest minority of Bangladesh, with a population between 13.1 million constituting 7.95% as per 2022 Census.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bangladesh has the third largest Hindu population in the world after <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. There are an estimated 400,000 <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Christians" title="Bengali Christians">Bengali Christians</a> and 500,000 <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Buddhists" title="Bengali Buddhists">Bengali Buddhists</a>. </p><p>The Bengali population is concentrated in Bengal delta, the coastal areas of Chittagong Division and the river valleys of Sylhet-Division. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-Bengali_Muslims">Non-Bengali Muslims</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Non-Bengali Muslims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An estimated 3 million Bangladeshi citizens are non-Bengali <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> immigrants from different parts of South Asia. They include affluent sections of the country's merchant and business class, particularly <a href="/wiki/Nizari_Ismailism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizari Ismailism">Nizari Ismailism</a> adherents.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also include former <a href="/wiki/Stranded_Pakistanis" class="mw-redirect" title="Stranded Pakistanis">Stranded Pakistanis</a> and their descendants. Bangladesh's non-Bengali Muslims are usually fluent in both Bengali and <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>. Also there are over 1 million <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohingya Muslim">Rohingya Muslim</a> refugees living in Bangladesh who came here during the period of (2016–17) crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 September 2018, at the 73rd United Nations General Assembly, Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said there are 1.1–1.3 million Rohingya refugees now settled in Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tribes_of_the_Chittagong_Hill_Tracts">Tribes of the Chittagong Hill Tracts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tribes of the Chittagong Hill Tracts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chakma_Dancers,_Indigenous_People%27s_Day,_2014,_Dhaka,_Bangladesh_%C2%A9_Biplob_Rahman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Chakma_Dancers%2C_Indigenous_People%27s_Day%2C_2014%2C_Dhaka%2C_Bangladesh_%C2%A9_Biplob_Rahman.jpg/220px-Chakma_Dancers%2C_Indigenous_People%27s_Day%2C_2014%2C_Dhaka%2C_Bangladesh_%C2%A9_Biplob_Rahman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Chakma_Dancers%2C_Indigenous_People%27s_Day%2C_2014%2C_Dhaka%2C_Bangladesh_%C2%A9_Biplob_Rahman.jpg/330px-Chakma_Dancers%2C_Indigenous_People%27s_Day%2C_2014%2C_Dhaka%2C_Bangladesh_%C2%A9_Biplob_Rahman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Chakma_Dancers%2C_Indigenous_People%27s_Day%2C_2014%2C_Dhaka%2C_Bangladesh_%C2%A9_Biplob_Rahman.jpg/440px-Chakma_Dancers%2C_Indigenous_People%27s_Day%2C_2014%2C_Dhaka%2C_Bangladesh_%C2%A9_Biplob_Rahman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma dancers</a> in a village in <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a> hill track.</figcaption></figure> <p>In southeastern Bangladesh, the <a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts" title="Chittagong Hill Tracts">Chittagong Hill Tracts</a> frontier has a district history. It was an exclusive zone for Tibeto-Burman tribes in <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a> during the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>. Today, the area makes up 10% of Bangladesh's territory. It is home to several <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people">indigenous</a> ethnic groups in the three hill districts of <a href="/wiki/Rangamati" title="Rangamati">Rangamati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandarban" title="Bandarban">Bandarban</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khagrachari" class="mw-redirect" title="Khagrachari">Khagrachari</a>. The three largest communities in the region have a <a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a> as their tribal chief who is recognized by the Government of Bangladesh. </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma people</a> are the largest tribe of the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the second largest indigenous ethnic group of Bangladesh after Bengalis. A <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibeto-Burman">Tibeto-Burman</a> community, have been greatly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Bengali_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali culture">Bengali culture</a>, including in their native <a href="/wiki/Chakma_language" title="Chakma language">Chakma language</a>, a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Bengali-Assamese_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali-Assamese languages">Bengali-Assamese languages</a>. Most Chakmas are concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Rangamati_District" title="Rangamati District">Rangamati District</a>. The community is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Chakma_Raja" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakma Raja">Chakma Raja</a>. The majority of Chakmas are <a href="/wiki/Therevada_Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Therevada Buddhists">Therevada Buddhists</a>, with a minority being <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Marma_people" title="Marma people">Marma people</a> are second largest community in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. They have a <a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a> and are concentrated in the districts of <a href="/wiki/Bandarban" title="Bandarban">Bandarban</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khagrachari" class="mw-redirect" title="Khagrachari">Khagrachari</a>. The Marmas are originally <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Arakan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Arakan">Arakanese</a> people who moved to the territory in the 17th century in order to escape Burmese persecution.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mru_people_(Mrucha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mru people (Mrucha)">Mro people</a> are the third largest community in the region and have a <a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a>. <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animist" class="mw-redirect" title="Animist">animist</a> beliefs are among the chief faiths of the Mros. Their population is concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Bandarban_District" title="Bandarban District">Bandarban District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mros are originally related to the Chin people of Myanmar.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_people" title="Tanchangya people">Tanchangya people</a> are among the oldest native indigenous tribes of the region. They speak the Indo-Aryan <a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_language" title="Tanchangya language">Tanchangya language</a> and adhere to <a href="/wiki/Therevada_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Therevada Buddhism">Therevada Buddhism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Daily_Star_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Daily_Star-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bawm_people" title="Bawm people">Bawm people</a> are a Tibeto-Burman <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> community. They are among the oldest inhabitants of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Daily_Star_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Daily_Star-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Tripuri_people" title="Tripuri people">Tripuri people</a> inhabit much of <a href="/wiki/Khagrachhari_District" title="Khagrachhari District">Khagrachhari District</a>. Their population is divided between <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and their larger indigenous homeland in the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Khumi_people" title="Khumi people">Khumi people</a> are one of the poorest and smallest tribes of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They originate from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Arakan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Arakan">Arakan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki people</a> are the Bangladeshi counterparts of <a href="/wiki/Chin_people" title="Chin people">Chins</a> in northern Myanmar and <a href="/wiki/Mizos" class="mw-redirect" title="Mizos">Mizos</a> in northeast India.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups_of_North_and_Northeast_Bangladesh">Ethnic groups of North and Northeast Bangladesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups of North and Northeast Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroasiatic">Austroasiatic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibeto-Burman">Tibeto-Burman</a> and Indo-Aryan ethnic groups which inhabit parts of northern and northeastern <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri people">Manipuri people</a> (also called as <a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meitei people</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) speak <a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei language</a> (better known as "<a href="/wiki/Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language">Manipuri language</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-Meitei_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meitei-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> write in <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri script">Manipuri script</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei script</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-:0_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> besides the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Nagari_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Nagari script">Eastern Nagari script</a> and are known for the <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_classical_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri classical dance">Manipuri classical dance</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> developed by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Meitei_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Meitei kings">Meitei king</a> <a href="/wiki/Rajarshi_Bhagyachandra" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajarshi Bhagyachandra">Rajarshi Bhagyachandra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a>: <i lang="mni"><a href="/wiki/Ching_Thang_Khomba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ching Thang Khomba">Ching Thang Khomba</a></i>), the <a href="/wiki/Maharajah" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharajah">Maharajah</a> of erstwhile <a href="/wiki/Manipur_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipur Kingdom">Manipur Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Santhal_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Santhal people">Santhal people</a> are the largest aboriginal community of the country. They speak the Austroasiatic <a href="/wiki/Santhali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Santhali language">Santhali language</a>. Their culture is noted for martial dance traditions. Their population is most concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Rajshahi_Division" title="Rajshahi Division">Rajshahi Division</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rangpur_Division" title="Rangpur Division">Rangpur Division</a>. The Santhals have been the focal point of land rights controversies as the Bangladeshi government seeks to develop open pit coal mining in their tribal hinterlands.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo people</a> inhabit the <a href="/wiki/Haluaghat_Upazila" title="Haluaghat Upazila">Haluaghat Upazila</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mymensingh_District" title="Mymensingh District">Mymensingh District</a>. They have high literacy rates and are adherents of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bisnupriya_Manipuri_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisnupriya Manipuri people">Bisnupriya Manipuri people</a> speaks <a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri language">Bishnupriya</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole</a><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali language</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei language</a> (officially known as "<a href="/wiki/Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language">Manipuri language</a>")</i> and it still retains its pre-Bengali features.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A negligible small minority of <a href="/wiki/Marwari_people" title="Marwari people">Marwari people</a> live in various cities and towns of the country such as <a href="/wiki/Dinajpur_District,_Bangladesh" title="Dinajpur District, Bangladesh">Dinajpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kushtia_District" title="Kushtia District">Kushtia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narayanganj_District" title="Narayanganj District">Narayanganj</a>. Although many of them have been assimilated into the larger Hindu Bengali demographics, they still use the marwari surnames such as <a href="/wiki/Agarwal" class="mw-redirect" title="Agarwal">Agarwal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singhania_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Singhania (disambiguation)">Singhania</a> etc. They are among the affluent sections of the country's merchant and business class.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tribes_of_Southern_Bangladesh">Tribes of Southern Bangladesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tribes of Southern Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>An Arakanese <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_people" title="Rakhine people">Rakhine</a> community has resided in <a href="/wiki/Barisal_Division" title="Barisal Division">Barisal Division</a> for three centuries. They arrived by the sea after escaping Burmese conquests in the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rural_society">Rural society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rural society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The basic <a href="/wiki/Social_group" title="Social group">social unit</a> in a village is the family (<i>poribar</i> or <i>gushti</i>), generally consisting of a complete or incomplete <a href="/wiki/Patrilineal" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrilineal">patrilineally</a> extended household (<i>chula</i>) and residing in a homestead (<i><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">bari</a></i>). The individual <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">nuclear family</a> often is submerged in the larger unit and might be known as the house (<i>ghor</i>). Above the <i>bari</i> level, patrilineal kin ties are linked into sequentially larger groups based on real, fictional, or assumed relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-rs_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rs-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A significant unit larger than that of close kin is the voluntary religious and mutual benefit association known as "the society" (<i>shomaj</i> or <i>milat</i>). Among the functions of a <i>shomaj</i> might be the maintenance of a Mosque and support of a <a href="/wiki/Mullah" title="Mullah">mullah</a>. An informal council of <i>shomaj</i> elders (<i>matabdars</i> or <i>shordars</i>) settles disputes taking place in the village . Factional competition between the <i>motobdars</i> is a major dynamic of social and political interaction.<sup id="cite_ref-rs_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rs-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Groups of homes in a village are called <i>Paras</i>, and each <i>para</i> has its own name. Several <i>paras</i> constitute a <i>mauza</i>, the basic revenue and census survey unit. The traditional character of rural villages was changing in the latter half of the 20th century with the addition of brick structures of one or more stories scattered among the more common <a href="/wiki/Thatched" class="mw-redirect" title="Thatched">thatched</a> <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> huts.<sup id="cite_ref-rs_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rs-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although farming has traditionally been ranked among the most desirable occupations, villagers in the 1980s began to encourage their children to leave the increasingly overcrowded countryside to seek more secure employment in the towns. Traditional sources of prestige, such as landholding, distinguished lineage, and religious piety were beginning to be replaced by modern education, higher income, and steadier work. These changes, however, did not prevent rural poverty from increasing greatly. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhaka-skyline-aymash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Dhaka-skyline-aymash.jpg/299px-Dhaka-skyline-aymash.jpg" decoding="async" width="299" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Dhaka-skyline-aymash.jpg/449px-Dhaka-skyline-aymash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Dhaka-skyline-aymash.jpg/598px-Dhaka-skyline-aymash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption>View of downtown Dhaka, the largest city in Bangladesh and one of the world's most populated cities</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urban_society">Urban society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Urban society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2015, 34% of Bangladeshis lived in cities.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a> is the largest city in Bangladesh and one of the world's most populous <a href="/wiki/Megacities" class="mw-redirect" title="Megacities">megacities</a>. Other important cities include <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sylhet" title="Sylhet">Sylhet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khulna" title="Khulna">Khulna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajshahi" title="Rajshahi">Rajshahi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bogra" title="Bogra">Bogura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jessore" title="Jessore">Jessore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barisal" title="Barisal">Barisal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comilla" title="Comilla">Comilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narayanganj" title="Narayanganj">Narayanganj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mymensingh" title="Mymensingh">Mymensingh</a>. Most urban centres are rural administrative towns. Urban centres grew in number and population during the 1980s as a result of an administrative decentralization program that featured the creation of <a href="/wiki/Upazila" title="Upazila">upazilas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-us_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-us-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identity">Identity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bangladesh is noted for <a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">cultural pluralism</a> within a <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Muslim">Bengali Muslim</a> majority. Secularism has been an important contributor to the nation's society and ethos. The <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali language</a> is a fundamental element of Bangladeshi identity. It is a secular language which evolved between the 7th and 10th centuries, with an indigenous alphabet, and unites people of different faiths and regions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Language_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Language Movement">Bengali Language Movement</a> sowed the seeds of East Pakistani nationalism, ultimately culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a> in 1971. Since independence, the relationship between religion and the state has been controversial. Between 1972 and 1975, Bangladesh experienced <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a> under a secular parliamentary system. <a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Bangladesh" title="Military coups in Bangladesh">Military coups</a> ushered a sixteen-year presidential regime, which restored the <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> and promoted moderate <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a>. In 1988, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> was made the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a>. In 2010, the Bangladesh Supreme Court reaffirmed the principle of <a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">separation of mosque and state</a> in the constitution.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The government generally respects freedom of religion and ensures protection for minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-state.gov_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-state.gov-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another debate on national identity concerns attitudes towards the Chittagong Hill Tracts. A low-level insurgency took place in the region to demand constitutional autonomy against Bengali settlements. Despite a <a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_Peace_Accord" title="Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord">peace treaty</a> in 1997, the Bangladeshi government is yet to implement many of its commitments to protect <a href="/wiki/Adivasi" title="Adivasi">adibashi</a> land rights. However, the deletion in 1977 of <i>Bangalee</i> as the nationality term for the country's citizens, in order to be inclusive of non-Bengali minorities, also reflects attempts to build a more cosmopolitan Bangladeshi society.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bangladesh" title="Culture of Bangladesh">Culture of Bangladesh</a></div> <p>The culture of Bangladesh has evolved with influences from diverse social societies. Bangladesh's main religion is Islam, which has played a critical part in influencing the country's culture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bangladesh" title="Languages of Bangladesh">Languages of Bangladesh</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia_in_Bangla.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wikipedia_in_Bangla.svg/220px-Wikipedia_in_Bangla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wikipedia_in_Bangla.svg/330px-Wikipedia_in_Bangla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wikipedia_in_Bangla.svg/440px-Wikipedia_in_Bangla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="115" /></a><figcaption>The word <i>Wikipedia</i> written in the <a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bengali script</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The official language of Bangladesh is <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, which is shared with the neighbouring Indian states of West Bengal, Assam, and Tripura. <a href="/wiki/Bengali_dialects" title="Bengali dialects">Bengali dialects</a> vary between different regions of Bangladesh but Standard Bengali is the most widely used. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>, there are 36 indigenous living languages, which include 17 <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Tibetan">Sino-Tibetan</a>, 10 <a href="/wiki/Indo-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-European">Indo-European</a>, 7 <a href="/wiki/Austro-Asiatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Asiatic">Austro-Asiatic</a> and 2 <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue.com_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue.com-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The oldest literary inscription in Bangladesh dates back to the 3rd century BCE. It was found at <a href="/wiki/Mahasthangarh" title="Mahasthangarh">Mahasthangarh</a> and is written in the <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a>. The language is <a href="/wiki/Magadhi_Prakrit" title="Magadhi Prakrit">Magadhi Prakrit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bengali language developed from Magadhi Prakrit, and it's written from <a href="/wiki/Apabhramsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Apabhramsa">Apabhramsa</a>, between the 7th and 10th centuries. It once formed a single eastern <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Aryan language">Indo-Aryan language</a> with <a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>, but later became distinct. It became an official language of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Bengal">Sultanate of Bengal</a>, where it was spoken as the main vernacular language. It absorbed vocabulary from <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Farsi">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>. Bengali is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_total_number_of_speakers#Top_languages_by_population" title="List of languages by total number of speakers">6th most spoken language in the world</a>. The language was modernized during the <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Renaissance">Bengali Renaissance</a> in the 19th century. It has influenced other languages in the region, including <a href="/wiki/Chakma_language" title="Chakma language">Chakma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_language" title="Rohingya language">Rohingya</a>, Assamese, Odia and <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>. The indigenous <a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bengali alphabets</a> descended from Brahmi serves as the Bengali script. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Language_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Language Movement">Bengali Language Movement</a> in East Pakistan was a key catalyst for forming Bangladeshi identity. It is commemorated by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as <a href="/wiki/International_Mother_Language_Day" title="International Mother Language Day">International Mother Language Day</a>, as part of worldwide efforts to preserve linguistic heritage. </p><p>Bangladesh is also home to number of minority indigenous languages, including <a href="/wiki/Santhali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Santhali language">Santhali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Marma language">Marma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language">Manipuri language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei language</a><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meitei_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meitei-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), Chakma and <a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri language">Bisnupriya Manipuri</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surnames">Surnames</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Surnames"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali name</a></div> <p>Bangladeshi Muslims typically carry surnames that have <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> origins. Bangladeshi Hindus have Sanskritized Bengali surnames. Many Bangladeshi Christians have <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_name" title="Portuguese name">Portuguese</a> surnames. Buddhists have a mixture of Bengali and Tibeto-Burman surnames. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/32px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/48px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/64px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bangladesh" title="Portal:Bangladesh">Bangladesh portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bangladeshis">List of Bangladeshis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_diaspora" title="Bangladeshi diaspora">Bangladeshi diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh" title="Demographics of Bangladesh">Demographics of Bangladesh</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-population.un-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-population.un_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population.un_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population.un_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/dataportal/data/indicators/49/locations/50/start/2022/end/2024/table/pivotbylocation?df=5097f2fb-3504-4adc-b389-41662b5a937b">"Total population by sex"</a>. <i>Data Portal</i>. United Nationsl Population Division<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Data+Portal&rft.atitle=Total+population+by+sex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fdataportal%2Fdata%2Findicators%2F49%2Flocations%2F50%2Fstart%2F2022%2Fend%2F2024%2Ftable%2Fpivotbylocation%3Fdf%3D5097f2fb-3504-4adc-b389-41662b5a937b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thedailystar.net-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thedailystar.net_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thedailystar.net_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thedailystar.net_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/celebrating-50-years-bangladesh/news/migrants-contribution-the-50-year-journey-bangladesh-2067097">"Migrants' contribution to the 50-year journey of Bangladesh"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 26 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210712062158/https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/celebrating-50-years-bangladesh/news/migrants-contribution-the-50-year-journey-bangladesh-2067097">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Migrants%27+contribution+to+the+50-year+journey+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2021-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fsupplements%2Fcelebrating-50-years-bangladesh%2Fnews%2Fmigrants-contribution-the-50-year-journey-bangladesh-2067097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.saudicensus.sa/portal/public/1/18?type=TABLE">"Non-Saudi Population"</a>. <i>Saudi Census 2022</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Abuse+of+Bangladeshi+Workers%3A+Malaysian+rights+bodies+for+probe&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fcountry%2Fnews%2Fabusing-foreign-workers-malaysian-rights-bodies-urgent-probe-1671301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/oman/bangladeshis-top-expatriate-force-in-oman-1.2250379">"Bangladeshis top expatriate force in Oman"</a>. <i>Gulf News</i>. 12 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210605111920/https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/oman/bangladeshis-top-expatriate-force-in-oman-1.2250379">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gulf+News&rft.atitle=Bangladeshis+top+expatriate+force+in+Oman&rft.date=2018-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fworld%2Fgulf%2Foman%2Fbangladeshis-top-expatriate-force-in-oman-1.2250379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021census-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021census_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/bulletins/ethnicgroupenglandandwales/census2021">"Ethnic group, England and Wales: Census 2021"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnic+group%2C+England+and+Wales%3A+Census+2021&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fculturalidentity%2Fethnicity%2Fbulletins%2Fethnicgroupenglandandwales%2Fcensus2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2022census_Scot-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2022census_Scot_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/media/trbdxzme/scotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion-chart-data.xlsx">"Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion - Chart data"</a>. <i>Scotland's Census</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Records_of_Scotland" title="National Records of Scotland">National Records of Scotland</a>. 21 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Bangladeshi+Workers%3A+Around+2+lakh+may+have+to+leave+Kuwait&rft.date=2020-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fbackpage%2Fnews%2Fbangladeshi-workers-around-2-lakh-may-have-leave-kuwait-1930549&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACS_2023-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACS_2023_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2023.B02018">"US Census Data"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dhaka+Tribune&rft.atitle=Over+400+Bangladeshis+murdered+in+South+Africa+in+4yrs&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Fbangladesh%2F2019%2F10%2F01%2Fmore-than-400-bangladeshis-murdered-in-south-africa-in-four-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-03/12/c_136122643.htm">"More illegal Bangladeshi workers enter Bahraini labor market"</a>. <i>Xinhua News Agency</i>. 12 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210524161736/http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-03/12/c_136122643.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xinhua+News+Agency&rft.atitle=More+illegal+Bangladeshi+workers+enter+Bahraini+labor+market&rft.date=2017-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2017-03%2F12%2Fc_136122643.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/bangladeshi-migrant-workers-in-lebanon-job-losses-1864975">"Economic crisis in Lebanon: job losses, low pay hit expats"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 8 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516232327/https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/bangladeshi-migrant-workers-in-lebanon-job-losses-1864975">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Engagement+of+Nonresident+Bangladshis+in+National+Development%3A+Strategies%2C+Challenges+and+Way+Forward&rft.date=2018-07&rft.aulast=Monem&rft.aufirst=Mobasser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ferd.portal.gov.bd%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Ferd.portal.gov.bd%2Fpage%2F83abb6f9_b264_45f9_92c0_2596b2421dc9%2FNRB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810035601">"Ethnic or cultural origin by gender and age: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts"</a>. 26 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnic+or+cultural+origin+by+gender+and+age%3A+Canada%2C+provinces+and+territories%2C+census+metropolitan+areas+and+census+agglomerations+with+parts&rft.date=2022-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D9810035601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/nrb/news/bangladeshi-immigrants-now-forefront-portugals-lisbon-neighbourhood-3025651?amp">"Bangladeshi immigrants now at forefront at Portugal's Lisbon neighbourhood"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bangladeshi+immigrants+now+at+forefront+at+Portugal%27s+Lisbon+neighbourhood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fnrb%2Fnews%2Fbangladeshi-immigrants-now-forefront-portugals-lisbon-neighbourhood-3025651%3Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bssnews.net/news-flash/69897">"Momen urges Portugal to open mission in Dhaka"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Momen+urges+Portugal+to+open+mission+in+Dhaka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bssnews.net%2Fnews-flash%2F69897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observador.pt/2024/06/12/imigrantes-da-india-e-bangladesh-contestam-alteracoes-a-lei-de-estrangeiros/">"Imigrantes da Índia e Bangladesh contestam alterações à lei de estrangeiros"</a>.</cite><span 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text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516111338/https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/bangladeshis-spain-suffering-1889026">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Bangladeshi+workers+facing+difficulty+in+sending+money+from+Mauritius&rft.date=2021-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fbusiness%2Fnews%2Fbangladeshi-workers-facing-difficulty-sending-money-mauritius-2088181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahmud2021" class="citation news cs1">Mahmud, Ezaz (17 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/nrb/migration/news/visa-embargo-covid-migration-south-korea-limbo-2150506">"South Korea bans issuing visas for Bangladeshis"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019064655/https://www.thedailystar.net/nrb/migration/news/visa-embargo-covid-migration-south-korea-limbo-2150506">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country%2C%2CNATLEGBOD%2C%2CBGD%2C%2C3ae6b51f10%2C0.html">the original</a> on 7 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNHCR+%26%23124%3B+Bangladesh+Citizenship+%28Temporary+Provisions%29+Order%2C+1972&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Fcountry%252C%252CNATLEGBOD%252C%252CBGD%252C%252C3ae6b51f10%252C0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2022/07/27/bangladeshs-population-size-now-1651-million">"Census 2022: Bangladesh population now 165 million"</a>. <i>Dhaka Tribune</i>. 27 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dhaka+Tribune&rft.atitle=Census+2022%3A+Bangladesh+population+now+165+million&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Fbangladesh%2F2022%2F07%2F27%2Fbangladeshs-population-size-now-1651-million&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/">"Projected Changes in the Global Muslim Population"</a>. 2 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210705032139/https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Projected+Changes+in+the+Global+Muslim+Population&rft.date=2015-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2015%2F04%2F02%2Fmuslims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/256513.pdf">"Bangladesh 2015 International Religiou Freedom Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>U.S. Department of State</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201114182054/https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/256513.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Bangladesh+2015+International+Religiou+Freedom+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F256513.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2022/07/27/bangladeshs-population-size-now-1651-million">"Census 2022: Bangladesh population now 165 million"</a>. <i>Dhaka Tribune</i>. 27 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dhaka+Tribune&rft.atitle=Census+2022%3A+Bangladesh+population+now+165+million&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Fbangladesh%2F2022%2F07%2F27%2Fbangladeshs-population-size-now-1651-million&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBangladesh_Bureau_of_Statistics2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics">Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170903181037/http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/National%20Reports/Union%20Statistics.pdf">"Population & Housing Census"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bangladesh Government. p. xiii. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/National%20Reports/Union%20Statistics.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2015</span>. <q>Population By Religion (%) Muslim 90.39 Hindu 8.54 Buddhist 0.60 Christian 0.37 Others 0.14</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+%26+Housing+Census&rft.pages=xiii&rft.pub=Bangladesh+Government&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Bangladesh+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F203.112.218.65%3A8008%2FWebTestApplication%2Fuserfiles%2FImage%2FNational%2520Reports%2FUnion%2520Statistics.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chakmas,_The">"Chakmas, the"</a>. <i>Banglapedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101133456/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chakmas,_The">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Banglapedia&rft.atitle=Chakmas%2C+the&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DChakmas%2C_The&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121017144200/http://www.geetabitan.com/lyrics/A/aaji-bangladesher-hridoy.html">"Lyric aaji bangladesher hridoy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geetabitan.com/lyrics/A/aaji-bangladesher-hridoy.html">the original</a> on 17 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lyric+aaji+bangladesher+hridoy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geetabitan.com%2Flyrics%2FA%2Faaji-bangladesher-hridoy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murshid_2001_165-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Murshid_2001_165_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurshid2001" class="citation book cs1">Murshid, Tazeen M. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cN8rBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA165">"State, Nation, Identity: The Quest for Legitimacy in Bangladesh"</a>. In Shastri, Amita; <a href="/wiki/A._Jeyaratnam_Wilson" title="A. Jeyaratnam Wilson">Jeyaratnam Wilson, A.</a> (eds.). <i>The Post-Colonial States of South Asia: Political and Constitutional Problems</i>. Curzon Press. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-11866-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-11866-1"><bdi>978-1-136-11866-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210710031925/https://books.google.com/books?id=cN8rBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA165">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=State%2C+Nation%2C+Identity%3A+The+Quest+for+Legitimacy+in+Bangladesh&rft.btitle=The+Post-Colonial+States+of+South+Asia%3A+Political+and+Constitutional+Problems&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Curzon+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-136-11866-1&rft.aulast=Murshid&rft.aufirst=Tazeen+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcN8rBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Citizenship_CoB-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Citizenship_CoB_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131114942/http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/sections_detail.php?id=367&sections_id=24554">"Part I ¶ The Republic ¶ The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law,_Justice_and_Parliamentary_Affairs" title="Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs">Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs</a>. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/sections_detail.php?id=367&sections_id=24554">the original</a> on 31 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Part+I+%C2%B6+The+Republic+%C2%B6+The+Constitution+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+Bangladesh&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Law%2C+Justice+and+Parliamentary+Affairs&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd%2Fsections_detail.php%3Fid%3D367%26sections_id%3D24554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2012" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James B. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=abNDLZQ6quYC&pg=PA32"><i>Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-659-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-659-1"><bdi>978-1-59884-659-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+of+South+Asia+and+the+Pacific%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-659-1&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.aufirst=James+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DabNDLZQ6quYC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2022/07/27/bangladeshs-population-size-now-1651-million">"Census 2022: Bangladesh population now 165 million"</a>. <i>Dhaka Tribune</i>. 27 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dhaka+Tribune&rft.atitle=Census+2022%3A+Bangladesh+population+now+165+million&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Fbangladesh%2F2022%2F07%2F27%2Fbangladeshs-population-size-now-1651-million&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thefinancialexpress.com.bd-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thefinancialexpress.com.bd_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thefinancialexpress.com.bd_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/economy/us-overtakes-uae-as-second-biggest-remittance-hotspot-for-bangladeshis-1597673388">"US overtakes UAE as second biggest remittance hotspot for Bangladeshis"</a>. <i>The Financial Express</i>. 18 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516123638/https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/economy/us-overtakes-uae-as-second-biggest-remittance-hotspot-for-bangladeshis-1597673388">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Financial+Express&rft.atitle=US+overtakes+UAE+as+second+biggest+remittance+hotspot+for+Bangladeshis&rft.date=2020-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthefinancialexpress.com.bd%2Feconomy%2Fus-overtakes-uae-as-second-biggest-remittance-hotspot-for-bangladeshis-1597673388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2022/07/27/bangladeshs-population-size-now-1651-million">"Census 2022: Bangladesh population now 165 million"</a>. <i>Dhaka Tribune</i>. 27 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dhaka+Tribune&rft.atitle=Census+2022%3A+Bangladesh+population+now+165+million&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Fbangladesh%2F2022%2F07%2F27%2Fbangladeshs-population-size-now-1651-million&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data Archived 4 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Census – Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160805132543/https://www.theismaili.org/heritage-expressions/new-dhaka-jamatkhana-seen-symbol-confidence-bangladesh">"New Dhaka Jamatkhana seen as a symbol of confidence in Bangladesh"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theismaili.org/heritage-expressions/new-dhaka-jamatkhana-seen-symbol-confidence-bangladesh">the original</a> on 5 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bangladesh+point+finger+at+Myanmar+for+Rohingya+%27genocide%27&rft.date=2018-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Fbangladesh-point-finger-at-myanmar-for-rohingya-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/who-appeals-international-community-support-warns-grave-health-risks-rohingya">"WHO appeals for international community support; warns of grave health risks to Rohingya refugees in rainy season - Bangladesh"</a>. <i>ReliefWeb</i>. 29 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201204060059/https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/who-appeals-international-community-support-warns-grave-health-risks-rohingya">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dhaka+Tribune&rft.atitle=Coffee+from+the+Hill+Tracts+%7C+Dhaka+Tribune&rft.date=2016-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Fbangladesh%2F2016%2F09%2F17%2Fcoffee-hill-tracts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChakravarty" class="citation news cs1">Chakravarty, Ipsita. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/article/814873/tripura-vs-twipra-an-old-identity-politics-may-feed-into-new-political-rivalries">"Tripura vs Twipra: An old identity politics may feed into new political rivalries"</a>. <i>Scroll.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161029050054/http://scroll.in/article/814873/tripura-vs-twipra-an-old-identity-politics-may-feed-into-new-political-rivalries">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scroll.in&rft.atitle=Tripura+vs+Twipra%3A+An+old+identity+politics+may+feed+into+new+political+rivalries&rft.aulast=Chakravarty&rft.aufirst=Ipsita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Farticle%2F814873%2Ftripura-vs-twipra-an-old-identity-politics-may-feed-into-new-political-rivalries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tripura.org.in/tripuris.htm">"Tripuri, the son of the soil of Tripura state"</a>. <i>tripura.org.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Indigenous+culture+needs+a+shot+in+the+arm&rft.date=2008-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fnews-detail-51710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/amar-ekushey-2016/the-land-the-bangalis-575191">"In the land of the Bangalis"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 21 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422040025/http://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/amar-ekushey-2016/the-land-the-bangalis-575191">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=In+the+land+of+the+Bangalis&rft.date=2016-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fsupplements%2Famar-ekushey-2016%2Fthe-land-the-bangalis-575191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/celebration-unity/the-many-shades-boisabi-1390897">"The many shades of Boisabi"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 14 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422034151/http://www.thedailystar.net/celebration-unity/the-many-shades-boisabi-1390897">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=The+many+shades+of+Boisabi&rft.date=2017-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fcelebration-unity%2Fthe-many-shades-boisabi-1390897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kuki">"Kuki | people"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422044009/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kuki">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kuki+%7C+people&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FKuki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Meitei">"Meitei | people"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2023</span>. <q>Meitei, also spelled Meetei or Meithei, also called Manipuri, ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Meitei+%7C+people&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FMeitei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Manipuri-language">"Manipuri language"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2023</span>. <q>Manipuri language, Manipuri Meiteilon, also called Meitei (Meetei), a Tibeto-Burman language spoken predominantly in Manipur, a northeastern state of India. Smaller speech communities exist in the Indian states of Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura, as well as in Bangladesh and Myanmar (Burma). ... Manipuri has its own script, locally known as Meitei Mayek.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Manipuri+language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FManipuri-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meitei-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meitei_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meitei_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190724203234/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/">"Meitei | Ethnologue"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/">the original</a> on 24 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Meitei+%7C+Ethnologue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fmni%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/manipuri">"Manipuri | History, Characteristics, & Facts"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Manipuri+%7C+History%2C+Characteristics%2C+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Fmanipuri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/art-and-culture/know-your-classical-dances-manipuri-raas-leela-and-its-exploration-of-love-both-romantic-and-spiritual-10438021.html">"Classical Dances: Manipuri Raas Leela, and its exploration of love — both romantic and spiritual-Art-and-culture"</a>. <i>Firstpost</i>. 14 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2023</span>. <q>While Manipuri adheres to Bharat Muni's Natya Shastra in its formalised classical structure, it can nonetheless be traced to the ancient period when the dance was simply a part of the Meitei community's cultural practice. ... It was the Meitei monarch, King Bhagya Chandra who for the first time adopted Gaudiya Vaishnavism or the worship of Krishna [an avatar of Vishnu], and subsequently composed the very first Raas Leelas to effective give Manipuri its present structure.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Firstpost&rft.atitle=Classical+Dances%3A+Manipuri+Raas+Leela%2C+and+its+exploration+of+love+%E2%80%94+both+romantic+and+spiritual-Art-and-culture&rft.date=2022-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Fart-and-culture%2Fknow-your-classical-dances-manipuri-raas-leela-and-its-exploration-of-love-both-romantic-and-spiritual-10438021.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2020" class="citation cs2">Singh, Sinam Basu (2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003105718-26/pre-vaishnavite-post-vaishnavite-dance-forms-manipur-sinam-basu-singh">"Pre-Vaishnavite and Post-Vaishnavite Dance Forms of Manipur"</a>, <i>Himalayan Bridge</i>, pp. 321–335, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003105718-26">10.4324/9781003105718-26</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781003105718" title="Special:BookSources/9781003105718"><bdi>9781003105718</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225278131">225278131</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Himalayan+Bridge&rft.atitle=Pre-Vaishnavite+and+Post-Vaishnavite+Dance+Forms+of+Manipur&rft.pages=321-335&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225278131%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781003105718-26&rft.isbn=9781003105718&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Sinam+Basu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fchapters%2Fedit%2F10.4324%2F9781003105718-26%2Fpre-vaishnavite-post-vaishnavite-dance-forms-manipur-sinam-basu-singh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Santhal">"Santhal | people"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422042354/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Santhal">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Santhal+%7C+people&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FSanthal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Santals,_The">"Santals, The"</a>. <i>Banglapedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170409205310/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Santals,_The">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Banglapedia&rft.atitle=Santals%2C+The&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSantals%2C_The&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Garo">"Garo | people"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422041535/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Garo">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Garo+%7C+people&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FGaro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Garo,_The">"Garo, The"</a>. <i>Banglapedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170516023937/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Garo,_The">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Banglapedia&rft.atitle=Garo%2C+The&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DGaro%2C_The&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoseley2010" class="citation book cs1">Moseley, Christopher (1 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kFVthqmDs_kC&dq=bishnupriya+creole&pg=PA139"><i>Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-104096-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-3-104096-2"><bdi>978-92-3-104096-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+the+World%27s+Languages+in+Danger&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.isbn=978-92-3-104096-2&rft.aulast=Moseley&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkFVthqmDs_kC%26dq%3Dbishnupriya%2Bcreole%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsherMoseley2018" class="citation book cs1">Asher, R. E.; Moseley, Christopher (19 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R0xWDwAAQBAJ&dq=Bishnupriya+bengali+dialect&pg=PR97"><i>Atlas of the World's Languages</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-85108-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-85108-0"><bdi>978-1-317-85108-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018-04-19&rft.isbn=978-1-317-85108-0&rft.aulast=Asher&rft.aufirst=R.+E.&rft.au=Moseley%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR0xWDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DBishnupriya%2Bbengali%2Bdialect%26pg%3DPR97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/sakhina-set-become-mum-123067">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Sakhina' set to become a mum"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 7 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422034852/http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/sakhina-set-become-mum-123067">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=%27Sakhina%27+set+to+become+a+mum&rft.date=2015-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fbackpage%2Fsakhina-set-become-mum-123067&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422040627/http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/144885/Far-from-madding-crowd-on-Pahela-Baishakh">"Far from madding crowd on Pahela Baishakh"</a>. <i>Prothom Alo</i>. 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In Heitzman & Worden.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190122160008/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2212.html">"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency"</a>. <i>cia.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2212.html">the original</a> on 22 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cia.gov&rft.atitle=The+World+Factbook+%E2%80%94+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2212.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-us-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-us_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rahim, Enayetur. "Urban Society". In Heitzman & Worden.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-state.gov-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-state.gov_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/171752.pdf">"United States Department of State"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323231455/https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/171752.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F171752.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnologue.com-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue.com_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD/">"Bangladesh"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Bangladesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FBD%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mahasthan_Brahmi_Inscription">"Mahasthan Brahmi Inscription"</a>. <i>Banglapedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414230802/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mahasthan_Brahmi_Inscription">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Banglapedia&rft.atitle=Mahasthan+Brahmi+Inscription&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMahasthan_Brahmi_Inscription&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Manipuri-language">"Manipuri language"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2023</span>. <q>Manipuri language, Manipuri Meiteilon, also called Meitei (Meetei), a Tibeto-Burman language spoken predominantly in Manipur, a northeastern state of India. Smaller speech communities exist in the Indian states of Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura, as well as in Bangladesh and Myanmar (Burma).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Manipuri+language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FManipuri-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangladeshis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bangladesh_topics" title="Template:Bangladesh topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bangladesh_topics" title="Template talk:Bangladesh topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bangladesh_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bangladesh topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bangladesh_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bangladesh" title="Outline of Bangladesh">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bangladesh" title="History of Bangladesh">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bangladeshi_history" title="Timeline of Bangladeshi history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bangladesh#History_of_Bangladesh" title="Outline of Bangladesh">Outline</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladesh-related_topics" title="List of Bangladesh-related topics">Topics</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bengal" title="History of Bengal">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_aviation_in_Bangladesh" title="History of aviation in Bangladesh">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Bangladesh" title="Military history of Bangladesh">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Bangladesh" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Bangladesh">Postal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bengal" title="List of rulers of Bengal">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladesh_tropical_cyclones" title="List of Bangladesh tropical cyclones">Cyclones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Bangladesh" title="List of years in Bangladesh">Years</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anga" title="Anga">Anga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanga_kingdom" title="Vanga kingdom">Vanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pundra_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pundra Kingdom">Pundra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhma_kingdom" title="Suhma kingdom">Suhma kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadhan_Empire" title="Magadhan Empire">Magadhan Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradyota_dynasty" title="Pradyota dynasty">Pradyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaishunaga_dynasty" title="Shaishunaga dynasty">Shaishunaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanda Empire">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangaridai" title="Gangaridai">Gangaridai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunga_Empire" title="Shunga Empire">Shunga Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanva_dynasty" title="Kanva dynasty">Kanva dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classical and Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Founding kingdom:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauda_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauda Kingdom">Gauda Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Classical empires:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamboja_Pala_dynasty" title="Kamboja Pala dynasty">Kamboja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sena_dynasty" title="Sena dynasty">Sena</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Sultanates:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_rulers_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic rulers in the Indian subcontinent">Islamic rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal Sultanate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Empire" title="Sur Empire">Sur Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baro-Bhuyan" title="Baro-Bhuyan">Baro-Bhuyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal period:</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Subah" title="Bengal Subah">Bengal Subah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawabs_of_Bengal" title="Nawabs of Bengal">Nawabs of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Raj" title="History of the British Raj">Colonial</a> and Pakistan era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Portuguese Bengala</a></li> <li><i>British Bengal:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bengal_famine_of_1770" title="Great Bengal famine of 1770">Famine of 1770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Sepoy Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bengal" title="Prime Minister of Bengal">Prime Minister of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Famine of 1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal (1947)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language_movement" title="Bengali language movement">Language Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bengali_legislative_election,_1954" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bengali legislative election, 1954">Legislative election in 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_point_movement" title="Six point movement">Six point movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Mass_uprising_in_East_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="1969 Mass uprising in East Pakistan">1969 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_general_election,_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani general election, 1970">General election in 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Bangladeshi_Independence" title="Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence">Proclamation of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Provisional Government of Bangladesh">Provisional Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Bangladesh_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 Bangladesh genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Timeline of the Bangladesh Liberation War">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bangladesh_after_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bangladesh after independence">Republic of Bangladesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_famine_of_1974" title="Bangladesh famine of 1974">Famine of 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Bangladesh" title="Military coups in Bangladesh">Military coups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ziaur_Rahman" title="Assassination of Ziaur Rahman">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Bangladesh_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 Bangladesh coup d'état">1982</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Mass_Uprising_in_Bangladesh" title="1990 Mass Uprising in Bangladesh">1990 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%9308_Bangladeshi_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2006–08 Bangladeshi political crisis">Political crisis in 2006–08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Rifles_revolt" title="Bangladesh Rifles revolt">Bangladesh Rifles revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Begums" title="Battle of Begums">Battle of Begums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Bangladesh_violence" title="2013 Bangladesh violence">Protests in 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student%E2%80%93People%27s_uprising" title="Student–People's uprising">Student–People's uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bangladesh_quota_reform_movement" title="2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement">Quota reform movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(2024)" title="Non-cooperation movement (2024)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_massacre" title="July massacre">Massacre</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Bangladesh">Regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chittagong" title="History of Chittagong">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dhaka" title="History of Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jessore" title="History of Jessore">Jessore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Noakhali" title="History of Noakhali">Noakhali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rangpur" title="History of Rangpur">Rangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sylhet" title="History of Sylhet">Sylhet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Geography of Bangladesh">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Administrative geography of Bangladesh">Administrative:</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Bangladesh" title="Divisions of Bangladesh">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of Bangladesh">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upazilas_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Upazilas of Bangladesh">Sub-districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Bangladesh" title="List of cities and towns in Bangladesh">Cities and towns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Bangladesh" title="Template:Borders of Bangladesh">Borders</a></li> <li><i>Nature:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Islands of Bangladesh">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Lakes of Bangladesh">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Mountains of Bangladesh">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parks_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:Parks in Bangladesh">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Bangladesh" title="List of rivers of Bangladesh">Rivers</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Places:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Fan" title="Bengal Fan">Bengal Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts" title="Chittagong Hill Tracts">Chittagong Hill Tracts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cox%27s_Bazar" title="Cox's Bazar">Cox's Bazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Basin" title="Ganges Basin">Ganges Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Delta" title="Ganges Delta">Ganges Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatirjheel" title="Hatirjheel">Hatirjheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundarbans" title="Sundarbans">Sundarbans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bangladesh" title="Politics of Bangladesh">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Government of Bangladesh">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Executive:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bangladesh" title="President of Bangladesh">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Bangladesh" title="List of presidents of Bangladesh">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Bangladesh" title="List of prime ministers of Bangladesh">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Bangladesh" title="Cabinet of Bangladesh">Cabinet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Elections in Bangladesh">Elections</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Election_Commission" title="Bangladesh Election Commission">Election Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:General_elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:General elections in Bangladesh">General elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Presidential elections in Bangladesh">Presidential elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bangladesh" title="List of political parties in Bangladesh">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bangladesh" title="Foreign relations of Bangladesh">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of Bangladesh">Foreign policies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad">Jatiya Sangsad</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(parliament)</span>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Bangladesh">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Bangladesh" title="Local government in Bangladesh">Local government</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_City_Corporations_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of City Corporations of Bangladesh">City corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Municipal_Corporations_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Municipal Corporations of Bangladesh">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upazilas_of_Bangladesh#Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Upazilas of Bangladesh">Upazila Parishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Bangladesh" title="Union councils of Bangladesh">Union councils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws in Bangladesh">Law</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Constitution of Bangladesh">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Bangladesh" title="Supreme Court of Bangladesh">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court Division">High Court Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Crimes_Tribunal_(Bangladesh)" title="International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)">International Crimes Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Bangladesh" title="Chief Justice of Bangladesh">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Bangladesh" title="Attorney General of Bangladesh">Attorney General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bangladesh" title="Human rights in Bangladesh">Human rights</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance in Bangladesh">Forced disappearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Freedom of religion in Bangladesh">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bangladesh">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Bangladesh" title="Women in Bangladesh">Women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Law_enforcement_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:Law enforcement in Bangladesh">enforcement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Armed_Forces" title="Bangladesh Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Army" title="Bangladesh Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Navy" title="Bangladesh Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Air_Force" title="Bangladesh Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paramilitary_forces_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Paramilitary forces of Bangladesh">Paramilitary</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Guards_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Guards Bangladesh">Border Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Coast_Guard" title="Bangladesh Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Ansar" title="Bangladesh Ansar">Ansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_Defence_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Village Defence Party">Village Defence Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Guard_Regiment" title="President Guard Regiment">President Guard Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Security_Force" title="Special Security Force">Special Security Force</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_intelligence_community" title="Bangladeshi intelligence community">Intelligence</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Intelligence" title="National Security Intelligence">NSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Forces_Intelligence" title="Directorate General of Forces Intelligence">DGFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_and_Intelligence_Bureau" title="Counter Terrorism and Intelligence Bureau">CTIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Branch_(Bangladesh)" title="Special Branch (Bangladesh)">Special Branch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Police" title="Bangladesh Police">Police</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Police_Battalion" title="Armed Police Battalion">APBn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Investigation_Department_(Bangladesh)" title="Criminal Investigation Department (Bangladesh)">CID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_and_Transnational_Crime" title="Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime">CTTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Police Bureau of Investigation">PBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Action_Battalion" title="Rapid Action Battalion">RAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Security_and_Protection_Battalion" title="Special Security and Protection Battalion">SPBn</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh" title="Economy of Bangladesh">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Planning_Commission" title="Bangladesh Planning Commission">Bangladesh Planning Commission</a></li> <li><i>Industries:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Automotive industry in Bangladesh">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramics_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Ceramics industry in Bangladesh">Ceramics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Electronics industry in Bangladesh">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Food industry in Bangladesh">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh">Pharmaceutical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Textile industry in Bangladesh">Textile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding_in_Bangladesh" title="Shipbuilding in Bangladesh">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Steel industry in Bangladesh">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Bangladesh" title="Tea production in Bangladesh">Tea production</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Finance sectors:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Bangladesh" title="Banking in Bangladesh">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Bank" title="Bangladesh Bank">Bangladesh Bank <span style="font-size:85%;">(central bank)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_taka" title="Bangladeshi taka">Bangladeshi taka <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_system_in_Bangladesh" title="Financial system in Bangladesh">Financial system</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Stock Exchange:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Stock_Exchange" title="Chittagong Stock Exchange">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Stock_Exchange" title="Dhaka Stock Exchange">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bangladesh_share_market_scam" title="2011 Bangladesh share market scam">2011 scam</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Energy and resources:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Bangladesh" title="Energy policy of Bangladesh">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Bangladesh" title="Electricity sector in Bangladesh">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_and_petroleum_in_Bangladesh" title="Natural gas and petroleum in Bangladesh">Natural gas and petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Bangladesh">Nuclear energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Bangladesh" title="Renewable energy in Bangladesh">Renewable energy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Export_Processing_Zone_Authority" title="Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority">Export Processing Zones</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Bangladesh" title="Agriculture in Bangladesh">Agriculture</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rice_production_in_Bangladesh" title="Rice production in Bangladesh">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming_in_Bangladesh" title="Poultry farming in Bangladesh">Poultry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Bangladesh">Fishing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Bangladesh" title="Forestry in Bangladesh">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bangladesh" title="Tourism in Bangladesh">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Bangladesh" title="Poverty in Bangladesh">Poverty</a></li> <li><i>Infrastructure:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Post_Office" title="Bangladesh Post Office">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bangladesh" title="Telecommunications in Bangladesh">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Bangladesh" title="Real estate in Bangladesh">Real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Bangladesh" title="Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bangladesh" title="Transport in Bangladesh">Transport</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Bangladesh" title="List of airports in Bangladesh">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_Bangladesh" title="List of airlines of Bangladesh">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Railway" title="Bangladesh Railway">Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Bangladesh" title="List of roads in Bangladesh">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Ports and harbours of Bangladesh">Ports</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Society of Bangladesh">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh" title="Demographics of Bangladesh">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Bangladesh">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bangladeshis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi name">Names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Bangladesh" title="Crime in Bangladesh">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Bangladesh" title="Corruption in Bangladesh">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Bangladesh" title="Human trafficking in Bangladesh">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bangladesh" title="Terrorism in Bangladesh">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bangladesh" title="Education in Bangladesh">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Bangladesh" title="List of schools in Bangladesh">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Bangladesh" title="List of universities in Bangladesh">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Bangladesh" title="Health in Bangladesh">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_Bangladesh" title="Hunger in Bangladesh">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Religion in Bangladesh">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_society" title="Bangladeshi society">Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bangladesh" title="Culture of Bangladesh">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Bangladesh" title="Architecture of Bangladesh">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangaliana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangaliana">Bangaliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationalism" title="Bangladeshi nationalism">Bangladeshi nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_nationalism" title="Bengali nationalism">Bengalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" title="Bengali calendars">Calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bangladesh" title="Cinema of Bangladesh">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_studies" title="Bengal studies">Bengal studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bangladesh" title="Music of Bangladesh">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bangladesh" title="Public holidays in Bangladesh">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Bangladesh" title="Sport in Bangladesh">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_traditional_games" title="Bengali traditional games">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_theatre" title="Bengali theatre">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Bangladesh" title="List of radio stations in Bangladesh">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Bangladesh" title="Television in Bangladesh">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Bangladesh" title="Sexuality in Bangladesh">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in Bangladesh">Marriage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Bangladesh" title="National symbols of Bangladesh">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Shonar_Bangla" class="mw-redirect" title="Amar Shonar Bangla">Amar Shonar Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangamata" title="Bangamata">Bangamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal fire">Bengal fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungalow" title="Bungalow">Bungalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bangladesh" title="Flag of Bangladesh">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh" title="Government Seal of Bangladesh">Government Seal</a></li> <li><a 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</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bangladesh" title="Outline of Bangladesh">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bangladesh" title="Outline of Bangladesh">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bangladesh" title="Category:Bangladesh">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bangladesh" title="Portal:Bangladesh">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link 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databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4855428#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/826536/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bangladeshis"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh88003350">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bangladais"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12177348k">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bangladais"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12177348k">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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