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Please discuss further on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:MindSpore" title="Talk:MindSpore">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Machine learning software library</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">MindSpore</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MindSpore-logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/MindSpore-logo.png/220px-MindSpore-logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/MindSpore-logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="274" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">March 31, 2020<span class="noprint">; 5 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2020-03-31</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">2.3.RC1 April 24, 2024<span class="noprint">; 11 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2024-04-24</span>)</span> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/mindspore-ai/mindspore">github<wbr />.com<wbr />/mindspore-ai<wbr />/mindspore</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/ArkTS" title="ArkTS">ArkTS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cangjie_(programming_language)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cangjie (programming language) (page does not exist)">Cangjie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> <i>(Lite)</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/EulerOS" title="EulerOS">EulerOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/EulerOS" title="EulerOS">openEuler</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenHarmony#Oniro_OS" title="OpenHarmony">Oniro OS</a>, <a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">Machine learning</a> <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">library</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindspore.cn/en">www<wbr />.mindspore<wbr />.cn<wbr />/en</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244144826">.mw-parser-output .machine-learning-list-title{background-color:#ddddff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">Machine learning</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Data_mining" title="Data mining">data mining</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed machine-learning-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Paradigms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supervised_learning" title="Supervised learning">Supervised learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsupervised_learning" title="Unsupervised learning">Unsupervised learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-supervised_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-supervised learning">Semi-supervised learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-supervised_learning" title="Self-supervised learning">Self-supervised learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinforcement_learning" title="Reinforcement learning">Reinforcement learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-learning_(computer_science)" title="Meta-learning (computer science)">Meta-learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_machine_learning" title="Online machine learning">Online learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batch_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Batch learning">Batch learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curriculum_learning" title="Curriculum learning">Curriculum learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule-based_machine_learning" title="Rule-based machine learning">Rule-based learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuro-symbolic_AI" title="Neuro-symbolic AI">Neuro-symbolic AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuromorphic_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuromorphic engineering">Neuromorphic engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_machine_learning" title="Quantum machine learning">Quantum machine learning</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed machine-learning-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Problems</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_classification" title="Statistical classification">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_model" title="Generative model">Generative modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regression_analysis" title="Regression analysis">Regression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_analysis" title="Cluster analysis">Clustering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimensionality_reduction" title="Dimensionality reduction">Dimensionality reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Density_estimation" title="Density estimation">Density estimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anomaly_detection" title="Anomaly detection">Anomaly detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_cleaning" class="mw-redirect" title="Data cleaning">Data cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_machine_learning" title="Automated machine learning">AutoML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_rule_learning" title="Association rule learning">Association rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_analysis_(machine_learning)" title="Semantic analysis (machine learning)">Semantic analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_prediction" title="Structured prediction">Structured prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_engineering" title="Feature engineering">Feature engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_learning" title="Feature learning">Feature learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learning_to_rank" title="Learning to rank">Learning to rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammar_induction" title="Grammar induction">Grammar induction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontology_learning" title="Ontology learning">Ontology learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimodal_learning" title="Multimodal learning">Multimodal learning</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed machine-learning-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Supervised_learning" title="Supervised learning">Supervised learning</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size: 85%;">(<b><a href="/wiki/Statistical_classification" title="Statistical classification">classification</a></b> • <b><a href="/wiki/Regression_analysis" title="Regression analysis">regression</a></b>)</span></span> </div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apprenticeship_learning" title="Apprenticeship learning">Apprenticeship learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision_tree_learning" title="Decision tree learning">Decision trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensemble_learning" title="Ensemble learning">Ensembles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bootstrap_aggregating" title="Bootstrap aggregating">Bagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boosting_(machine_learning)" title="Boosting (machine learning)">Boosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_forest" title="Random forest">Random forest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm" title="K-nearest neighbors algorithm"><i>k</i>-NN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_regression" title="Linear regression">Linear regression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naive_Bayes_classifier" title="Naive Bayes classifier">Naive Bayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_neural_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial neural network">Artificial neural networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistic_regression" title="Logistic regression">Logistic regression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perceptron" title="Perceptron">Perceptron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relevance_vector_machine" title="Relevance vector machine">Relevance vector machine (RVM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Support_vector_machine" title="Support vector machine">Support vector machine (SVM)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed machine-learning-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cluster_analysis" title="Cluster analysis">Clustering</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BIRCH" title="BIRCH">BIRCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CURE_algorithm" title="CURE algorithm">CURE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_clustering" title="Hierarchical clustering">Hierarchical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-means_clustering" title="K-means clustering"><i>k</i>-means</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzzy_clustering" title="Fuzzy clustering">Fuzzy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expectation%E2%80%93maximization_algorithm" title="Expectation–maximization algorithm">Expectation–maximization (EM)</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/DBSCAN" title="DBSCAN">DBSCAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPTICS_algorithm" title="OPTICS algorithm">OPTICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean_shift" title="Mean shift">Mean shift</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed machine-learning-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Dimensionality_reduction" title="Dimensionality reduction">Dimensionality reduction</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Factor_analysis" title="Factor analysis">Factor analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_correlation" title="Canonical correlation">CCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_component_analysis" title="Independent component analysis">ICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_discriminant_analysis" title="Linear discriminant analysis">LDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-negative_matrix_factorization" title="Non-negative matrix factorization">NMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_component_analysis" title="Principal component analysis">PCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_generalized_decomposition" title="Proper generalized decomposition">PGD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-distributed_stochastic_neighbor_embedding" title="T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding">t-SNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparse_dictionary_learning" title="Sparse dictionary learning">SDL</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed machine-learning-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Structured_prediction" title="Structured prediction">Structured prediction</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_model" title="Graphical model">Graphical models</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayesian_network" title="Bayesian network">Bayes net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conditional_random_field" title="Conditional random field">Conditional random field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Markov_model" title="Hidden Markov model">Hidden Markov</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed machine-learning-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Anomaly_detection" title="Anomaly detection">Anomaly detection</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Random_sample_consensus" title="Random sample consensus">RANSAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm" title="K-nearest neighbors algorithm"><i>k</i>-NN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_outlier_factor" title="Local outlier factor">Local outlier factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolation_forest" title="Isolation forest">Isolation forest</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed machine-learning-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Artificial_neural_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial neural network">Artificial neural network</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autoencoder" title="Autoencoder">Autoencoder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_learning" title="Deep learning">Deep learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedforward_neural_network" title="Feedforward neural network">Feedforward neural network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recurrent_neural_network" title="Recurrent neural network">Recurrent neural network</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_short-term_memory" title="Long short-term memory">LSTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gated_recurrent_unit" title="Gated recurrent unit">GRU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_state_network" title="Echo state network">ESN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir_computing" title="Reservoir computing">reservoir computing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boltzmann_machine" title="Boltzmann machine">Boltzmann machine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Boltzmann_machine" title="Restricted Boltzmann machine">Restricted</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_adversarial_network" title="Generative adversarial network">GAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion_model" title="Diffusion model">Diffusion model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-organizing_map" title="Self-organizing map">SOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convolutional_neural_network" title="Convolutional neural network">Convolutional neural network</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-Net" title="U-Net">U-Net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeNet" title="LeNet">LeNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlexNet" title="AlexNet">AlexNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeepDream" title="DeepDream">DeepDream</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_radiance_field" title="Neural radiance field">Neural radiance field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer_(machine_learning_model)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transformer (machine learning model)">Transformer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vision_transformer" title="Vision transformer">Vision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamba_(deep_learning_architecture)" title="Mamba (deep learning architecture)">Mamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiking_neural_network" title="Spiking neural network">Spiking neural network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memtransistor" title="Memtransistor">Memtransistor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrochemical_RAM" title="Electrochemical RAM">Electrochemical RAM</a> (ECRAM)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed machine-learning-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Reinforcement_learning" title="Reinforcement learning">Reinforcement learning</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Q-learning" title="Q-learning">Q-learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State%E2%80%93action%E2%80%93reward%E2%80%93state%E2%80%93action" title="State–action–reward–state–action">SARSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_difference_learning" title="Temporal difference learning">Temporal difference (TD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-agent_reinforcement_learning" title="Multi-agent reinforcement learning">Multi-agent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-play_(reinforcement_learning_technique)" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-play (reinforcement learning technique)">Self-play</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed machine-learning-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Learning with humans</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_learning_(machine_learning)" title="Active learning (machine learning)">Active learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdsourcing" title="Crowdsourcing">Crowdsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-in-the-loop" title="Human-in-the-loop">Human-in-the-loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinforcement_learning_from_human_feedback" title="Reinforcement learning from human feedback">RLHF</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed machine-learning-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Model diagnostics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coefficient_of_determination" title="Coefficient of determination">Coefficient of determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confusion_matrix" title="Confusion matrix">Confusion matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learning_curve_(machine_learning)" title="Learning curve (machine learning)">Learning curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receiver_operating_characteristic" title="Receiver operating characteristic">ROC curve</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed machine-learning-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Mathematical foundations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kernel_machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Kernel machines">Kernel machines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias%E2%80%93variance_tradeoff" title="Bias–variance tradeoff">Bias–variance tradeoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_learning_theory" title="Computational learning theory">Computational learning theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empirical_risk_minimization" title="Empirical risk minimization">Empirical risk minimization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occam_learning" title="Occam learning">Occam learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probably_approximately_correct_learning" title="Probably approximately correct learning">PAC learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_learning_theory" title="Statistical learning theory">Statistical learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapnik%E2%80%93Chervonenkis_theory" title="Vapnik–Chervonenkis theory">VC theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topological_deep_learning" title="Topological deep learning">Topological deep learning</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed machine-learning-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Journals and conferences</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECML_PKDD" title="ECML PKDD">ECML PKDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_on_Neural_Information_Processing_Systems" title="Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems">NeurIPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Machine_Learning" title="International Conference on Machine Learning">ICML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Learning_Representations" title="International Conference on Learning Representations">ICLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Joint_Conference_on_Artificial_Intelligence" title="International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence">IJCAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_Learning_(journal)" title="Machine Learning (journal)">ML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Machine_Learning_Research" title="Journal of Machine Learning Research">JMLR</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed machine-learning-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Glossary of artificial intelligence">Glossary of artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_datasets_for_machine-learning_research" title="List of datasets for machine-learning research">List of datasets for machine-learning research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_datasets_in_computer_vision_and_image_processing" title="List of datasets in computer vision and image processing">List of datasets in computer vision and image processing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_machine_learning" title="Outline of machine learning">Outline of machine learning</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Machine_learning" title="Template:Machine learning"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Machine_learning" title="Template talk:Machine learning"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Machine_learning" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Machine learning"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>MindSpore</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source">open-source</a> software framework for <a href="/wiki/Deep_learning" title="Deep learning">deep learning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MindSpore&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It has support for custom <a href="/wiki/OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a>-based <a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS_NEXT" title="HarmonyOS NEXT">HarmonyOS NEXT</a> single core framework system built for <a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a>, includes an AI system stack that comes with <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a>'s built <a href="/wiki/Large_language_model" title="Large language model">LLM</a> model called <a href="/wiki/Huawei_PanGu" title="Huawei PanGu">PanGu-Σ</a> with full MindSpore framework support.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alongside, OpenHarmony Native device-side AI support for training interface and <a href="/wiki/ArkTS" title="ArkTS">ArkTS</a> programming interface for its NNRt (Neural Network Runtime) backend configurations via MindSpore Lite AI framework codebase introduced in API 11 Beta 1 of OpenHarmony 4.1. MindSpore platform runs on Ascend AI chips and Kirin alongside other <a href="/wiki/HiSilicon" title="HiSilicon">HiSilicon</a> NPU chips. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CANN (Compute Architecture of Neural Networks), heterogeneous computing architecture for AI developed by Huawei. With CANN backend in OpenCV DNN, giving developers ability to run created AI models on the Ascend, Kirin and other HiSilicon NPU enabled chips.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It supports cross platform development such as <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> global OpenHarmony-based distro, <a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Foundation" title="Eclipse Foundation">Eclipse</a> Oniro, Linux-based <a href="/wiki/EulerOS" title="EulerOS">EulerOS</a> alongside OpenEuler Huawei's server OS platforms, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MindSpore&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 24, 2024, Huawei's MindSpore 2.3.RC1 was released to open source community with Foundation Model Training, Full-Stack Upgrade of Foundation Model Inference, Static Graph Optimization, IT Features and new MindSpore Elec MT (MindSpore-powered magnetotelluric) Intelligent Inversion Model.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MindSpore&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-19-2879-6_5">"Huawei MindSpore AI Development Framework"</a>. <i>Artificial Intelligence Technology</i>. Huawei Technologies. 2023. pp. <span class="nowrap">137–</span>162. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-981-19-2879-6_5">10.1007/978-981-19-2879-6_5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-19-2878-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-19-2878-9"><bdi>978-981-19-2878-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Huawei+MindSpore+AI+Development+Framework&rft.btitle=Artificial+Intelligence+Technology&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E137-%3C%2Fspan%3E162&rft.pub=Huawei+Technologies&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-981-19-2879-6_5&rft.isbn=978-981-19-2878-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-981-19-2879-6_5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindSpore" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindspore.cn/docs/programming_guide/en/r1.5/multi_platform_inference_ascend_310_air.html">"Inference on the Ascend 310 AI Processor"</a>. <i>MindSpore</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MindSpore&rft.atitle=Inference+on+the+Ascend+310+AI+Processor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindspore.cn%2Fdocs%2Fprogramming_guide%2Fen%2Fr1.5%2Fmulti_platform_inference_ascend_310_air.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindSpore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBhati" class="citation web cs1">Bhati, Kamlesh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sparrowsnews.com/2024/01/18/huawei-harmonyos-next-official-now/#google_vignette">"Huawei HarmonyOS NEXT Official Now: Bring Spatial Design and Vivid Color Concepts"</a>. <i>Sparrownews.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sparrownews.com&rft.atitle=Huawei+HarmonyOS+NEXT+Official+Now%3A+Bring+Spatial+Design+and+Vivid+Color+Concepts&rft.aulast=Bhati&rft.aufirst=Kamlesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsparrowsnews.com%2F2024%2F01%2F18%2Fhuawei-harmonyos-next-official-now%2F%23google_vignette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindSpore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technology.followthistrendingworld.com/2024/01/openharmony-41-beta1-unleashes-cutting.html">"OpenHarmony 4.1 Beta1 Unleashes Cutting-Edge Features and API Advancements"</a>. <i>World Tech</i>. FTT World<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Tech&rft.atitle=OpenHarmony+4.1+Beta1+Unleashes+Cutting-Edge+Features+and+API+Advancements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechnology.followthistrendingworld.com%2F2024%2F01%2Fopenharmony-41-beta1-unleashes-cutting.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindSpore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMSV" class="citation web cs1">MSV, Janakiram. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/janakirammsv/2019/09/13/huawei-wants-to-tackle-nvidia-and-google-with-a-solid-ai-strategy/?sh=1ee4c2206174">"Huawei Wants To Tackle NVIDIA And Google With A Solid AI Strategy"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Huawei+Wants+To+Tackle+NVIDIA+And+Google+With+A+Solid+AI+Strategy&rft.aulast=MSV&rft.aufirst=Janakiram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjanakirammsv%2F2019%2F09%2F13%2Fhuawei-wants-to-tackle-nvidia-and-google-with-a-solid-ai-strategy%2F%3Fsh%3D1ee4c2206174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindSpore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindspore.cn/tutorial/training/en/r1.0/quick_start/quick_video/cpu_windows.html">"MindSpore Installation on CPU-Windows — MindSpore master documentation"</a>. <i>www.mindspore.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mindspore.cn&rft.atitle=MindSpore+Installation+on+CPU-Windows+%E2%80%94+MindSpore+master+documentation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindspore.cn%2Ftutorial%2Ftraining%2Fen%2Fr1.0%2Fquick_start%2Fquick_video%2Fcpu_windows.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindSpore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindspore.cn/tutorial/lite/en/r1.2/quick_start/image_segmentation.html">"Android Application Development Based on Java Interface — MindSpore Lite master documentation"</a>. <i>www.mindspore.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mindspore.cn&rft.atitle=Android+Application+Development+Based+on+Java+Interface+%E2%80%94+MindSpore+Lite+master+documentation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindspore.cn%2Ftutorial%2Flite%2Fen%2Fr1.2%2Fquick_start%2Fimage_segmentation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindSpore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlingler2023" class="citation web cs1">Klingler, Nico (December 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viso.ai/deep-learning/mindspore-ai/">"MindSpore: Huawei's Open-Source Deep Learning Framework"</a>. <i>viso.ai</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mindspore.cn&rft.atitle=MindSpore%E5%AE%98%E7%BD%91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindspore.cn%2Fnews%2Fnewschildren%2Fen%2F%3Fid%3D3078%26type%3DversionRelease&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindSpore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MindSpore&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/ai-and-machine/9781492078180/"><i>Huawei MindSpore AI Development Framework</i></a> (1st (Online) ed.). <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer, Singapore</a>. October 22, 2022. pp. <span class="nowrap">137–</span>162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-19-2879-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-19-2879-6"><bdi>978-981-19-2879-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Huawei+MindSpore+AI+Development+Framework&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E137-%3C%2Fspan%3E162&rft.edition=1st+%28Online%29&rft.pub=Springer%2C+Singapore&rft.date=2022-10-22&rft.isbn=978-981-19-2879-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oreilly.com%2Flibrary%2Fview%2Fai-and-machine%2F9781492078180%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindSpore" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLei2021" class="citation book cs1">Lei, Chen (January 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353953238"><i>Deep Learning and Practice with MindSpore</i></a> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>. p. 412. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9811622359" title="Special:BookSources/978-9811622359"><bdi>978-9811622359</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deep+Learning+and+Practice+with+MindSpore&rft.pages=412&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2021-01-01&rft.isbn=978-9811622359&rft.aulast=Lei&rft.aufirst=Chen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F353953238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindSpore" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abebooks.com/9787302546610/Deep-Learning-Mindspore-Practice-Huawei-7302546614/plp"><i>Deep Learning and Mindspore Practice (Huawei Intelligent Computing Technology Series)(Chinese Edition)</i></a> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University_Press" title="Tsinghua University Press">Tsinghua University Press</a>. March 1, 2020. p. 355. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7302546610" title="Special:BookSources/978-7302546610"><bdi>978-7302546610</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deep+Learning+and+Mindspore+Practice+%28Huawei+Intelligent+Computing+Technology+Series%29%28Chinese+Edition%29&rft.pages=355&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Tsinghua+University+Press&rft.date=2020-03-01&rft.isbn=978-7302546610&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abebooks.com%2F9787302546610%2FDeep-Learning-Mindspore-Practice-Huawei-7302546614%2Fplp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMindSpore" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MindSpore&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Differentiable_computing" title="Template:Differentiable computing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Differentiable_computing" title="Template talk:Differentiable computing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Differentiable_computing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Differentiable computing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Differentiable_computing254" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Differentiable computing</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Differentiable_function" title="Differentiable function">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Differentiable_programming" title="Differentiable programming">Differentiable programming</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_geometry" title="Information geometry">Information geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_manifold" title="Statistical manifold">Statistical manifold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_differentiation" title="Automatic differentiation">Automatic differentiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuromorphic_computing" title="Neuromorphic computing">Neuromorphic computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_recognition" title="Pattern recognition">Pattern recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricci_calculus" title="Ricci calculus">Ricci calculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_learning_theory" title="Computational learning theory">Computational learning theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inductive_bias" title="Inductive bias">Inductive bias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graphcore" title="Graphcore">IPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensor_Processing_Unit" title="Tensor Processing Unit">TPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_processing_unit" title="Vision processing unit">VPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memristor" title="Memristor">Memristor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpiNNaker" title="SpiNNaker">SpiNNaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TensorFlow" title="TensorFlow">TensorFlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PyTorch" title="PyTorch">PyTorch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keras" title="Keras">Keras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scikit-learn" title="Scikit-learn">scikit-learn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theano_(software)" title="Theano (software)">Theano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAX_(software)" title="JAX (software)">JAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flux_(machine-learning_framework)" title="Flux (machine-learning framework)">Flux.jl</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MindSpore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> Portals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming" title="Portal:Computer programming">Computer programming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Huawei308" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Huawei" title="Template:Huawei"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Huawei" title="Template talk:Huawei"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Huawei" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Huawei"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Huawei308" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Smart devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Phones126" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Huawei_phones" title="List of Huawei phones">Phones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ascend" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei Ascend">Ascend</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ascend_(phone)" title="Huawei Ascend (phone)">Huawei Ascend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Pura_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei Pura series">Ascend P</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ascend_P1" title="Huawei Ascend P1">P1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ascend_P2" title="Huawei Ascend P2">P2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ascend_P6" title="Huawei Ascend P6">P6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ascend_P7" title="Huawei Ascend P7">P7</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ascend D <ul><li>D quad <ul><li>quad XL</li></ul></li> <li>D1 <ul><li>1 XL</li></ul></li> <li>D2</li></ul></li> <li>Ascend G <ul><li>G6</li> <li>G7</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ascend_G300" title="Huawei Ascend G300">G300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ascend_G330" title="Huawei Ascend G330">G330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ascend_G600" title="Huawei Ascend G600">G600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Honor_3X" title="Huawei Honor 3X">G750</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ascend_Mate" title="Huawei Ascend Mate">Ascend Mate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ascend_Mate_2_4G" title="Huawei Ascend Mate 2 4G">Mate 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ascend_Mate_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei Ascend Mate 7">Mate 7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ascend_W1" title="Huawei Ascend W1">W1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ascend_W2" title="Huawei Ascend W2">W2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ascend_Y300" title="Huawei Ascend Y300">Ascend Y300</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Pura_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei Pura series">P/Pura series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_P8" title="Huawei P8">Huawei P8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_P8_Max" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei P8 Max">P8 Max</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_P9" title="Huawei P9">P9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_P9_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei P9 Plus">9 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_P9_lite" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei P9 lite">9 lite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_P10" title="Huawei P10">P10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_P20" title="Huawei P20">P20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_P30" title="Huawei P30">P30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_P40" title="Huawei P40">P40</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Nova_7i" title="Huawei Nova 7i">40 lite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_P50" title="Huawei P50">P50</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_P50_Pocket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei P50 Pocket (page does not exist)">50 Pocket</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_P60" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei P60">P60</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Pura_70&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Pura 70 (page does not exist)">Pura 70</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Pura_70&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Pura 70 (page does not exist)">70 Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Pura_70&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Pura 70 (page does not exist)">70 Pro+</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Pura_70&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Pura 70 (page does not exist)">70 Ultra</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate" title="Huawei Mate">Mate series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_S" title="Huawei Mate S">Huawei Mate S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei Mate 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_9" title="Huawei Mate 9">9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honor_6X" class="mw-redirect" title="Honor 6X">9 lite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_10" title="Huawei Mate 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_7X" class="mw-redirect" title="Honor 7X">SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_20" title="Huawei Mate 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_30" title="Huawei Mate 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_40" title="Huawei Mate 40">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_50" title="Huawei Mate 50">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_60" title="Huawei Mate 60">60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_70" title="Huawei Mate 70">70</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Foldable_series15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foldable series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_X" title="Huawei Mate X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_X" title="Huawei Mate X">Xs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_X2" title="Huawei Mate X2">X2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Mate_Xs_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Mate Xs 2 (page does not exist)">Xs 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Mate_X3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Mate X3 (page does not exist)">X3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Mate_X5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Mate X5 (page does not exist)">X5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Mate_X6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Mate X6 (page does not exist)">X6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_XT" title="Huawei Mate XT">XT Ultimate Design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nova series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Nova" title="Huawei Nova">Huawei Nova & Nova Plus</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_lite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova lite (page does not exist)">lite</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_lite_2017&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova lite 2017 (page does not exist)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_lite%2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova lite+ (page does not exist)">lite+</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_lite_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova lite 2 (page does not exist)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_lite_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova lite 3 (page does not exist)">3</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_lite_3%2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova lite 3+ (page does not exist)">3+</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_Smart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova Smart (page does not exist)">Smart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y6_(2017)" title="Huawei Y6 (2017)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_Youth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova Youth (page does not exist)">Youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 2 (page does not exist)">2</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_2_Plus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 2 Plus (page does not exist)">2 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mate_10" title="Huawei Mate 10">2i</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_2_lite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 2 lite (page does not exist)">2 lite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_2s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 2s (page does not exist)">2s</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 3 (page does not exist)">3</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_3e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 3e (page does not exist)">3e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Nova_3i" title="Huawei Nova 3i">3i</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 4 (page does not exist)">4</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_4e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 4e (page does not exist)">4e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 5 (page does not exist)">5</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_5_Pro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 5 Pro (page does not exist)">5 Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_5i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 5i (page does not exist)">5i</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_5i_Pro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 5i Pro (page does not exist)">5i Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_5T&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 5T (page does not exist)">5T</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_5z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 5z (page does not exist)">5z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 6 (page does not exist)">6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Nova_7i" title="Huawei Nova 7i">6 SE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Nova_7" title="Huawei Nova 7">7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Nova_7_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei Nova 7 Pro">7 Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Nova_7i" title="Huawei Nova 7i">7i</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_7_SE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 7 SE (page does not exist)">7 SE</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_7_SE_5G_Youth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 7 SE 5G Youth (page does not exist)">Youth</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Nova_8" title="Huawei Nova 8">8</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_8_Pro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 8 Pro (page does not exist)">8 Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_8_SE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 8 SE (page does not exist)">8 SE</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_8_SE_Youth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 8 SE Youth (page does not exist)">Youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_8i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 8i (page does not exist)">8i</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Nova_9" title="Huawei Nova 9">9</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_9_SE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 9 SE (page does not exist)">9 SE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 10 (page does not exist)">10</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_10_Pro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 10 Pro (page does not exist)">10 Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_10_SE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 10 SE (page does not exist)">10 SE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_10z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 10z (page does not exist)">10z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 11 (page does not exist)">11</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_11_Pro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 11 Pro (page does not exist)">11 Pro/Ultra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_11_SE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 11 SE (page does not exist)">11 SE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_11i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 11i (page does not exist)">11i</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 12 (page does not exist)">12</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_12_Pro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 12 Pro (page does not exist)">12 Pro/Ultra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_12_SE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 12 SE (page does not exist)">12 SE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_12i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 12i (page does not exist)">12i</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_12s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 12s (page does not exist)">12s/12 Lite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 13 (page does not exist)">13</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_13_Pro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 13 Pro (page does not exist)">13 Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_12i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova 12i (page does not exist)">13i</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_Flip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova Flip (page does not exist)">Flip</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_Y60&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova Y60 (page does not exist)">Y60</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_Y61&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova Y61 (page does not exist)">Y61/Y62/Y62 Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_Y70&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova Y70 (page does not exist)">Y70/Y70 Plus/Y71</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_Y72&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova Y72 (page does not exist)">Y72</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_Y72S&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova Y72S (page does not exist)">Y72S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_Y90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova Y90 (page does not exist)">Y90</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_Y91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova Y91 (page does not exist)">Y91</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_G8" title="Huawei G8">Huawei G7 Plus/G8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Nova" title="Huawei Nova">G9 Plus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_P9_lite" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei P9 lite">9 lite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_4X" title="Honor 4X">G Play</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Honor_4C" title="Huawei Honor 4C">Mini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_GT3" title="Huawei GT3">GT3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_GR3" title="Huawei GR3">GR3</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_P8_lite_2017&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei P8 lite 2017 (page does not exist)">2017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_5X" title="Honor 5X">GR5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honor_6X" class="mw-redirect" title="Honor 6X">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_GT3" title="Huawei GT3">5 mini</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Y Series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y3" title="Huawei Y3">Y3 (Y360)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y3_II" title="Huawei Y3 II">3 II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y3_(2017)" title="Huawei Y3 (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y3_(2018)" title="Huawei Y3 (2018)">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y5" title="Huawei Y5">Y5 (Y560)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y5c" title="Huawei Y5c">5c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y5_II" title="Huawei Y5 II">5 II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y5_(2017)" title="Huawei Y5 (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y5_(2018)" title="Huawei Y5 (2018)">2018</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y5_(2018)" title="Huawei Y5 (2018)">Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y5_lite" title="Huawei Y5 lite">lite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y5_(2019)" title="Huawei Y5 (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y5p&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y5p (page does not exist)">5p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y6" title="Huawei Y6">Y6</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y6_Pro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y6 Pro (page does not exist)">6 Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y6_II" title="Huawei Y6 II">6 II</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y6_II_Compact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y6 II Compact (page does not exist)">Compact</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y6_(2017)" title="Huawei Y6 (2017)">2017</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Nova_lite_2017&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Nova lite 2017 (page does not exist)">Pro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y6_(2018)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y6 (2018) (page does not exist)">2018</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y6_Prime_(2018)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y6 Prime (2018) (page does not exist)">Prime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y6_2019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y6 2019 (page does not exist)">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y6_Prime_(2019)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y6 Prime (2019) (page does not exist)">Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y6_Pro_(2019)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y6 Pro (2019) (page does not exist)">Pro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y6s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y6s (page does not exist)">6s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Y6p" title="Huawei Y6p">6p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y7 (page does not exist)">Y7</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y7 (page does not exist)">7 Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y7_(2018)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y7 (2018) (page does not exist)">2018</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y7_Prime_(2018)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y7 Prime (2018) (page does not exist)">Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y7_Pro_2018&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y7 Pro 2018 (page does not exist)">Pro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y7_2019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y7 2019 (page does not exist)">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y7_Prime_2019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y7 Prime 2019 (page does not exist)">Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y7_Pro_2019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y7 Pro 2019 (page does not exist)">Pro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_P40_lite_E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei P40 lite E (page does not exist)">7p</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_P_Smart_2021&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei P Smart 2021 (page does not exist)">7a</a></li></ul></li> <li>Y8 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y8s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y8s (page does not exist)">8s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_P_Smart_S&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei P Smart S (page does not exist)">8p</a></li></ul></li> <li>Y9 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y9_2018&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y9 2018 (page does not exist)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y9_2019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y9 2019 (page does not exist)">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y9_Prime_2019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y9 Prime 2019 (page does not exist)">Prime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_P_Smart_Pro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei P Smart Pro (page does not exist)">9s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y9a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y9a (page does not exist)">9a</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y_Max&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y Max (page does not exist)">Y Max</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y625&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y625 (page does not exist)">Y625</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Y635&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Y635 (page does not exist)">Y635</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_G6600_Passport" title="Huawei G6600 Passport">Huawei G6600 Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_M835" title="Huawei M835">M835</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Pocket_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Pocket 2 (page does not exist)">Pocket 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Pocket_S&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Pocket S (page does not exist)">Pocket S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Premia" title="Huawei Premia">Premia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Sonic" title="Huawei Sonic">Sonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_STREAM_X_GL07S" title="Huawei STREAM X GL07S">STREAM X GL07S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_T156" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei T156">T156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_T158" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei T158">T158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_T161L" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei T161L">T161L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_T201" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei T201">T201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_T208" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei T208">T208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_T211" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei T211">T211</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_T261L" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei T261L">T261L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_T330" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei T330">T300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U120" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei U120">U120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U121" title="Huawei U121">U121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U1000" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei U1000">U1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U1100" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei U1100">U1100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U1250" title="Huawei U1250">U1250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U1270" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei U1270">U1270</a></li> <li>U1310</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U2801" title="Huawei U2801">U2801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U3300" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei U3300">U3300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U7310" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei U7310">U7310</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U7510" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei U7510">U7510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_Tap" title="T-Mobile Tap">T-Mobile Tap (U7519)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U8100" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei U8100">U8100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U8110" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei U8110">U8110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_IDEOS_U8150" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei IDEOS U8150">IDEOS U8150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_Pulse" title="T-Mobile Pulse">T-Mobile Pulse (U8220)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U8230" title="Huawei U8230">U8230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U8800" title="Huawei U8800">U8800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U9130_Compass" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei U9130 Compass">U9130 Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_U9150" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei U9150">U9150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_6P" title="Nexus 6P">Nexus 6P</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tablets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Ideos_Tablet_S7" title="Huawei Ideos Tablet S7">Huawei Ideos Tablet S7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Honor_Tablet_5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Honor Tablet 5 (page does not exist)">Honor Tablet 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Mediapad_M5" title="Huawei Mediapad M5">Mediapad M5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huawei_Mediapad_M6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huawei Mediapad M6 (page does not exist)">Mediapad M6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_MatePad_Pro" title="Huawei MatePad Pro">MatePad Pro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laptops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_MateBook_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Huawei MateBook series">MateBook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_MateBook_X_Pro" title="Huawei MateBook X Pro">MateBook X Pro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wearables</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_Watch" title="Huawei Watch">Watch GT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=X_Gentle_Monster_Eyewear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X Gentle Monster Eyewear (page does not exist)">X Gentle Monster Eyewear</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watch_GT_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watch GT 2 (page does not exist)">Watch GT 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watch_GT_2e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watch GT 2e (page does not exist)">2e</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watch_GT_2_Pro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watch GT 2 Pro (page does not exist)">2 Pro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watch_Fit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watch Fit (page does not exist)">Watch Fit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=X_Gentle_Monster_Eyewear_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X Gentle Monster Eyewear II (page does not exist)">X Gentle Monster Eyewear II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPU</a>/<a href="/wiki/AI_accelerator" class="mw-redirect" title="AI accelerator">NPU</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirin_990" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirin 990">Kirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunpeng_920" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunpeng 920">Kunpeng</a> / <a href="/wiki/HiSilicon#AI_Acceleration" title="HiSilicon">Ascend</a></li> <li>Atlas</li> <li>Tiangang (5G)</li> <li>Balong (modem - 5G/5.5G)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">OS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EulerOS" title="EulerOS">EulerOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EulerOS" title="EulerOS">openEuler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EulerOS" title="EulerOS">UniProton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EulerOS#NestOS" title="EulerOS">NestOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS_NEXT" title="HarmonyOS NEXT">HarmonyOS NEXT</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS_kernel" class="mw-redirect" title="HarmonyOS kernel">HarmonyOS kernel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a></li> <li>Oniro OS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS_version_history" title="HarmonyOS version history">version history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiteOS" title="LiteOS">LiteOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI</a></li> <li>Huawei VRP</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_E5" title="Huawei E5">E5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_E220" title="Huawei E220">E220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_SingleRAN" title="Huawei SingleRAN">SingleRAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_4G_eLTE" title="Huawei 4G eLTE">4G eLTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ark_Compiler" title="Ark Compiler">Ark Compiler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BiSheng_Compiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BiSheng Compiler (page does not exist)">BiSheng Compiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DevEco_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="DevEco Studio">DevEco Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArkTS" title="ArkTS">ArkTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArkTS" title="ArkTS">eTS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cangjie_(programming_language)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cangjie (programming language) (page does not exist)">Cangjie</a></li> <li>Hvigor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EROFS" title="EROFS">EROFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_PanGu" title="Huawei PanGu">Huawei PanGu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MindSpore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArkUI" title="ArkUI">ArkUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArkUI#ArkUI-X" title="ArkUI">ArkUI-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GaussDB" title="GaussDB">GaussDB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenGauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OpenGauss (page does not exist)">openGauss</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArkData&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ArkData (page does not exist)">ArkData</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetaERP" class="mw-redirect" title="MetaERP">MetaERP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_(virtual_assistant)" title="Celia (virtual assistant)">Celia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_HiCar" title="Huawei HiCar">Huawei HiCar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NearLink" title="NearLink">NearLink</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huawei_Standard_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Huawei logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/04/Huawei_Standard_logo.svg/120px-Huawei_Standard_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/04/Huawei_Standard_logo.svg/140px-Huawei_Standard_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="126" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communications<br />infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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