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searchaux" style="display:none">American astronomer (1934–2019)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Paul William Hodge</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1934-11-08</span>)</span>November 8, 1934</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 10, 2019<span style="display:none">(2019-11-10)</span> (aged 85)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data">B.S. physics<br />Ph.D. astronomy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data">Yale University<br />Harvard University</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Stellar populations of galaxies; editor-in-chief Astronomical Journal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Gordon, Erik, and Sandi<sup id="cite_ref-Krisciunas2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krisciunas2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Paul and Frances<sup id="cite_ref-Krisciunas2020_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krisciunas2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data">University of California at Berkeley<br />University of Washington</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Paul W. Hodge</b> (<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1934-11-08</span>)</span>November 8, 1934 - <span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">2019-11-10</span>)</span>November 10, 2019) was an American <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a> whose principal area of research was the stellar populations of <a href="/wiki/Galaxies" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaxies">galaxies</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_&_Employment"><span id="Education_.26_Employment"></span>Education & Employment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_W._Hodge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education & Employment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(U.S._state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington (U.S. state)">Washington</a> on November 8, 1934, Hodge grew up in the neighboring town of <a href="/wiki/Snohomish,_Washington" title="Snohomish, Washington">Snohomish</a>. As a youth, his interests were primarily in physics, astronomy and music. He obtained a BS degree in physics at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> in 1956 and a PhD degree in <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> in 1960. He was a <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> Post-doctoral Fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Mt._Wilson_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt. Wilson Observatory">Mt. Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palomar_Observatory" title="Palomar Observatory">Palomar Observatories</a> before joining the faculty of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_at_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California at Berkeley">University of California at Berkeley</a> in 1961. He moved to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> in 1965, where he remained until 2006, and became Professor <a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">Emeritus</a> of Astronomy. Between 1984 and 2004 he was the Editor in Chief of the <i><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical Journal">Astronomical Journal</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_W._Hodge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hodge was author or co-author of over 550 research papers and 28 books. He also talked at professional meetings. Most of the papers are concerned with the extragalactic universe, especially nearby galaxies, their distances and their histories.<sup id="cite_ref-Galaxies_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Galaxies-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TheExtragalacticDistanceScale_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheExtragalacticDistanceScale-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PopulationsInLocalGroupGalaxies_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopulationsInLocalGroupGalaxies-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Works on the <a href="/wiki/Magellanic_Clouds" title="Magellanic Clouds">Magellanic Clouds</a>, carried out at observatories in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, included a study of young <a href="/wiki/Stellar_associations" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellar associations">stellar associations</a>, of which he and his students published the first catalog.<sup id="cite_ref-TheSystemOfStellarAssociationsOfTheLMC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheSystemOfStellarAssociationsOfTheLMC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With colleague <a href="/wiki/Frances_Woodworth_Wright" title="Frances Woodworth Wright">Frances Woodworth Wright</a>, he published two widely used atlases of the <a href="/wiki/Magellanic_Clouds" title="Magellanic Clouds">Magellanic Clouds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TheLMC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheLMC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TheSMC_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheSMC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the first to study the structure of the <a href="/wiki/Local_Group" title="Local Group">Local Group</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_galaxies" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwarf galaxies">dwarf galaxies</a><sup id="cite_ref-DwarfGalaxies_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DwarfGalaxies-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and carried out the first large-scale survey of star-forming regions (<a href="/wiki/HII_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="HII regions">HII regions</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Spiral_galaxies" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiral galaxies">spiral galaxies</a>, in which he and his students mapped a total of 13011 of these objects.<sup id="cite_ref-AnAtlasOfHIIRegionsIn125Galaxies_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnAtlasOfHIIRegionsIn125Galaxies-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his former student, <a href="/w/index.php?title=K._Krienke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K. Krienke (page does not exist)">K. Krienke</a>, discovered 652 star clusters in the <a href="/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a> (M31).<sup id="cite_ref-TheAndromedaGalaxy_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheAndromedaGalaxy-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early years of his career he also did pioneering work on the collection of <a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_dust" class="mw-redirect" title="Interplanetary dust">interplanetary dust</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Upper_atmosphere" title="Upper atmosphere">upper atmosphere</a>. With his graduate student, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Brownlee" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Brownlee">Donald Brownlee</a>, he was the first to use high-altitude aircraft (e. g., <a href="/wiki/B52" class="mw-redirect" title="B52">B52s</a> and <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2s</a>) to collect candidate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteoritic_dust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteoritic dust (page does not exist)">meteoritic dust</a> particles.<sup id="cite_ref-InterplanetaryDust_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InterplanetaryDust-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together, they also investigated meteoritic dust from <a href="/wiki/Deep_sea" title="Deep sea">deep sea</a> <a href="/wiki/Sediments" class="mw-redirect" title="Sediments">sediments</a> and from the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>. In related research, he collected and studied meteoritic particles in the soil surrounding terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Meteorite_crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteorite crater">meteorite craters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MeteoriteCratersAndImpactStructuresOfTheEarth_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MeteoriteCratersAndImpactStructuresOfTheEarth-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A long-term mountain enthusiast, Hodge hiked extensively in the <a href="/wiki/Cascade_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascade Mountains">Cascade Mountains</a> and published six books related to mountains and mountain trails. In 2001, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets:_14001%E2%80%9315000#401" title="List of minor planets: 14001–15000">asteroid 14466</a> was named "Hodge" in his honor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_W._Hodge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hodge_301" title="Hodge 301"> Hodge 301 star cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_371" title="NGC 371">NGC 371</a> (Hodge 53)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_W._Hodge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Krisciunas2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Krisciunas2020_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krisciunas2020_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKrisciunas2020" class="citation journal cs1">Krisciunas, Kevin (March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F25c2cfeb.00e8b40d">"Obituary: Paul W. Hodge (1934-2019)"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society</i>. <b>52</b> (2): 0301. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020BAAS...52.0301K">2020BAAS...52.0301K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F25c2cfeb.00e8b40d">10.3847/25c2cfeb.00e8b40d</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216225928">216225928</a>. 0301.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Paul+W.+Hodge+%281934-2019%29&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=0301&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A216225928%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3847%2F25c2cfeb.00e8b40d&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020BAAS...52.0301K&rft.aulast=Krisciunas&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3847%252F25c2cfeb.00e8b40d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+W.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Galaxies-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Galaxies_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHodge1986" class="citation book cs1">Hodge, Paul W. (1986). <i>Galaxies</i>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674498327" title="Special:BookSources/9780674498327"><bdi>9780674498327</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Galaxies&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780674498327&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Paul+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+W.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheExtragalacticDistanceScale-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheExtragalacticDistanceScale_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHodge1981" class="citation journal cs1">Hodge, Paul W. (1981). "The extragalactic distance scale". <i>Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. <b>19</b>: <span class="nowrap">357–</span>372. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981ARA&A..19..357H">1981ARA&A..19..357H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.aa.19.090181.002041">10.1146/annurev.aa.19.090181.002041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=The+extragalactic+distance+scale&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E357-%3C%2Fspan%3E372&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.aa.19.090181.002041&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1981ARA%26A..19..357H&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Paul+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+W.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopulationsInLocalGroupGalaxies-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PopulationsInLocalGroupGalaxies_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHodge1989" class="citation journal cs1">Hodge, Paul (1989). "Populations in Local Group galaxies". <i>Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. <b>27</b>: <span class="nowrap">139–</span>198. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989ARA&A..27..139H">1989ARA&A..27..139H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.aa.27.090189.001035">10.1146/annurev.aa.27.090189.001035</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=Populations+in+Local+Group+galaxies&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E139-%3C%2Fspan%3E198&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.aa.27.090189.001035&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989ARA%26A..27..139H&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+W.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheSystemOfStellarAssociationsOfTheLMC-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheSystemOfStellarAssociationsOfTheLMC_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHodgeLucke1970" class="citation journal cs1">Hodge, Paul W.; Lucke, Peter B. (October 1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F111041">"The System of Stellar Associations of the Large Magellanic Cloud"</a>. <i>Astronomical Journal</i>. <b>75</b>: 933. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970AJ.....75..933H">1970AJ.....75..933H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F111041">10.1086/111041</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+System+of+Stellar+Associations+of+the+Large+Magellanic+Cloud&rft.volume=75&rft.pages=933&rft.date=1970-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F111041&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1970AJ.....75..933H&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Paul+W.&rft.au=Lucke%2C+Peter+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F111041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+W.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheLMC-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheLMC_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHodgeWright1967" class="citation book cs1">Hodge, Paul W.; Wright, Frances W. (1967). <i>The Large Magellanic Cloud</i>. Smithsonian Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780598053343" title="Special:BookSources/9780598053343"><bdi>9780598053343</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Large+Magellanic+Cloud&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=9780598053343&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Paul+W.&rft.au=Wright%2C+Frances+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+W.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheSMC-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheSMC_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHodgeWright1977" class="citation book cs1">Hodge, Paul W.; Wright, Frances W. (1977). <i>The Small Magellanic Cloud</i>. University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780295953878" title="Special:BookSources/9780295953878"><bdi>9780295953878</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Small+Magellanic+Cloud&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9780295953878&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Paul+W.&rft.au=Wright%2C+Frances+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+W.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DwarfGalaxies-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DwarfGalaxies_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHodge1971" class="citation journal cs1">Hodge, Paul W. (1971). "Dwarf Galaxies". <i>Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. <b>9</b>: 35. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1971ARA&A...9...35H">1971ARA&A...9...35H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.aa.09.090171.000343">10.1146/annurev.aa.09.090171.000343</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=Dwarf+Galaxies&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=35&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.aa.09.090171.000343&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1971ARA%26A...9...35H&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Paul+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+W.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AnAtlasOfHIIRegionsIn125Galaxies-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AnAtlasOfHIIRegionsIn125Galaxies_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHodgeKennicutt1983" class="citation journal cs1">Hodge, P. W.; Kennicutt, R. C. Jr. (March 1983). "An atlas of HII regions in 125 galaxies". <i>Astronomical Journal</i>. <b>88</b>: <span class="nowrap">296–</span>328. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983AJ.....88..296H">1983AJ.....88..296H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F113318">10.1086/113318</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomical+Journal&rft.atitle=An+atlas+of+HII+regions+in+125+galaxies&rft.volume=88&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E296-%3C%2Fspan%3E328&rft.date=1983-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F113318&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1983AJ.....88..296H&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=P.+W.&rft.au=Kennicutt%2C+R.+C.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+W.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheAndromedaGalaxy-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheAndromedaGalaxy_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHodge2013" class="citation book cs1">Hodge, Paul (March 9, 2013). <i>The Andromeda Galaxy</i>. Springer Netherlands. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789401580564" title="Special:BookSources/9789401580564"><bdi>9789401580564</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Andromeda+Galaxy&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.date=2013-03-09&rft.isbn=9789401580564&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+W.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-InterplanetaryDust-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-InterplanetaryDust_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHodge1981" class="citation book cs1">Hodge, Paul W. (1981). <i>Interplanetary dust</i>. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780677036205" title="Special:BookSources/9780677036205"><bdi>9780677036205</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interplanetary+dust&rft.pub=Gordon+and+Breach+Science+Publishers&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780677036205&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Paul+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+W.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MeteoriteCratersAndImpactStructuresOfTheEarth-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MeteoriteCratersAndImpactStructuresOfTheEarth_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHodge1994" class="citation book cs1">Hodge, Paul William (August 4, 1994). <i>Meteorite craters and impact structures of the earth</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521360920" title="Special:BookSources/9780521360920"><bdi>9780521360920</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meteorite+craters+and+impact+structures+of+the+earth&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994-08-04&rft.isbn=9780521360920&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Paul+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+W.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_W._Hodge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heritage.stsci.edu/2001/39/bio/bio_hodge.html">Paul W. Hodge's bio at Hubble Heritage Project </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Paul-W.-Hodge/e/B001HD19I6">Books by Paul W. Hodge available through Amazon.com </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL715468A/Paul_W._Hodge">Books by Paul W. Hodge available through Open Library </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AJ....119..787G">Hubble Space Telescope Photometry of Hodge 301 </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010IAUS..266..474M">Chemical abundances of the LMC cluster Hodge 11 and its surrounding field </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010IAUS..262..385M">Detailed Abundances for Field Stars Surrounding the LMC Cluster Hodge 11 </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AJ....124.2625S">K-Band Red Clump Distances to the Large Magellanic Cloud Clusters Hodge 4 and NGC 1651 </a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/141262702">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50034624">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12278833b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12278833b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20050920023&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p06904550X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hodge, Paul W."><a 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/069706670">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6n13nhs">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_W._Hodge&oldid=1257720498">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_W._Hodge&oldid=1257720498</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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