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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Design_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overall_characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overall_characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Overall characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overall_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Armament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propulsion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propulsion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Propulsion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propulsion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fuel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fuel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fuel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Operational history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(SM.81b_with_Alfa_Romeo_125_R.C.35_engines)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(SM.81b_with_Alfa_Romeo_125_R.C.35_engines)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Specifications (SM.81b with Alfa Romeo 125 R.C.35 engines)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(SM.81b_with_Alfa_Romeo_125_R.C.35_engines)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 Pipistrello – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 Pipistrello" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.81" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.M.81 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti S.M.81" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.81" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.M.81 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti S.M.81" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.81" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.M.81 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti S.M.81" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3_SM.81" title="サヴォイア・マルケッティ SM.81 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サヴォイア・マルケッティ SM.81" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 Pipistrello – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 Pipistrello" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 Pipistrello – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 Pipistrello" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.81" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.M.81 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti S.M.81" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 Pipistrello – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 Pipistrello" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%B2%83%E4%BA%9A-%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%87%AF%E8%92%82S.81%E8%BD%B0%E7%82%B8%E6%9C%BA" title="萨沃亚-马尔凯蒂S.81轰炸机 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="萨沃亚-马尔凯蒂S.81轰炸机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">SM.81</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81.jpg/300px-Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81.jpg/450px-Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81.jpg/600px-Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="524" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">Savoia Marchetti SM.81 of the <a href="/wiki/Regia_Aeronautica" title="Regia Aeronautica">Regia Aeronautica</a> during flight</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Bomber and transport aircraft</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoia-Marchetti">Savoia-Marchetti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary users</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regia_Aeronautica" title="Regia Aeronautica">Regia Aeronautica</a><div> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Air Force">Spanish Air Force</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aeronautica_Militare" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronautica Militare">Aeronautica Militare</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">535<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">1935</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">8 February 1934</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data">1950</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed from</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.73" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.73">Savoia-Marchetti S.73</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 <i>Pipistrello</i></b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bat</a>) was the first <a href="/wiki/Trimotor" title="Trimotor">three-engine</a> <a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">bomber</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cargo_aircraft" title="Cargo aircraft">transport</a> aircraft serving in the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Regia_Aeronautica" title="Regia Aeronautica">Regia Aeronautica</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Angelucci_and_Matricardi_1978,_p._188_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angelucci_and_Matricardi_1978,_p._188-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When it appeared in 1935, it represented a real step ahead in Italian military aviation: it was fast, well armed and had a long range.<sup id="cite_ref-Angelucci_and_Matricardi_1978,_p._188_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angelucci_and_Matricardi_1978,_p._188-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It proved effective during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Abyssinian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Italo-Abyssinian War">war</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Angelucci_and_Matricardi_1978,_p._188_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angelucci_and_Matricardi_1978,_p._188-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite being too slow to remain competitive as a bomber in the later years of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, it was one of the most flexible, reliable and important aircraft of the <i>Regia Aeronautica</i> from 1935 to 1944, and adapted to second-line duties in a wide range of tasks. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_development">Design and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SM.81 was a militarised version of <a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoia-Marchetti">Savoia-Marchetti</a>'s earlier <a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.73" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.73">SM.73</a> <a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">airliner</a>, having <a href="/wiki/Cantilever_wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantilever wing">cantilever</a> wings, three engines and a fixed <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">undercarriage</a>. The origins of this version were in pursuit of the interests of <a href="/wiki/Italo_Balbo" title="Italo Balbo">Italo Balbo</a>, a brilliant exponent of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Fascist</a> regime (but nevertheless "exiled" in Libya by <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a>), who required a fast and efficient aircraft that was capable of serving the vast Italian colonies in Africa. </p><p>The SM.81 had wings that were roughly similar to those of the double-<a href="/wiki/Fuselage" title="Fuselage">fuselage</a> <a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.55" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.55">S.55</a>, and identical to those of the <a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.73" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.73">S.73</a>, but had a much simpler fuselage. Around six months after the SM.73s first appearance, the SM.81 <a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">prototype</a> (<i>MM.20099</i>) first flew from <a href="/wiki/Vergiate" title="Vergiate">Vergiate</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Varese" title="Varese">Varese</a>, on 8 February 1934, controlled by test pilot Adriano Bacula.<sup id="cite_ref-Passingham_p182_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passingham_p182-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first <i>serie</i>, ordered in 1935, was for 100 aircraft and was quickly put into production as a result of the international crisis and the embargo caused by the war in <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>. The first examples were sent to 7 Wing at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Campo_della_Promessa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campo della Promessa (page does not exist)">Campo della Promessa</a> airbase near <a href="/wiki/Lonate_Pozzolo" title="Lonate Pozzolo">Lonate Pozzolo</a>. </p><p>Although it was quickly superseded as a front-line bomber, the SM.81 continued to serve as a transport by virtue of its wide fuselage, which allowed it to accommodate a wide range of loads. Apart from its speed, it was generally superior to the <a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.79" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.79">SM.79</a> <i>Sparviero</i> as a multirole aircraft.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overall_characteristics">Overall characteristics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overall characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SM.81 was a robust, three-engine <a href="/wiki/Monoplane" title="Monoplane">monoplane</a>, with a fixed <a href="/wiki/Conventional_landing_gear" title="Conventional landing gear">tailwheel undercarriage</a>, with the mainwheels enclosed by large spats to reduce drag, and had a crew of six.<sup id="cite_ref-Passingham_p182-3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passingham_p182-3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aircraft was of mixed construction: the fuselage had a framework of steel tubes with a metallic-covered aft portion, while the rest was wood- and fabric-covered. It had a relatively large fuselage, an unnecessary characteristic for a bomber, which determined its future as a transport aircraft. Since the engines were quite small, the fuselage did not blend well with the nose engine, even less so than the SM.79. Many windows were present to provide the fuselage interior with daylight, giving the impression that it was a passenger aircraft. </p><p>The all-wooden wings had three <a href="/wiki/Spar_(aviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spar (aviation)">spars</a> to provide the necessary support, whereas the semi-elliptical tail surfaces were fabric-covered metal. The pilot and co-pilot were seated side-by-side in an enclosed <a href="/wiki/Cockpit" title="Cockpit">cockpit</a>, with separate cabins for the flight engineer and the radio-operator/gunner behind the cockpit.<sup id="cite_ref-Passingham_p183_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passingham_p183-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bomb bay was behind the cockpit, together with a passage which linked the mid and aft fuselage, where there were three further defensive positions. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_(air_force)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier (air force)">bombardier</a>'s position was located just below the cockpit, in a semi-retractable gondola,<sup id="cite_ref-Passingham_p183_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passingham_p183-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and differed from that of the SM.79, being both larger and in a location which was more favourable for communicating with the crew, and provided excellent visibility thanks to the glazed panel. Both this position and the cockpit had escape hatches, but for normal entry and exit there was a door in the left, mid-fuselage, and one in the aft fuselage. Equipment included an RA 350I radio-transmitter, AR5 radio-receiver, and a P63N radiocompass (not always fitted), while other systems comprised an electrical generator, fire extinguishing system, and an OMI 30 camera (in the gunner's nacelle).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The aircraft, having a large wing and robust undercarriage, was reliable and pleasant to fly, and could operate from all types of terrain. It was surprisingly fast for its time and, given the power of its engines, especially compared to the similar <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52" title="Junkers Ju 52">Junkers Ju 52</a>. It was better armed than the SM.79, but the increased drag combined with the same engine power reduced the maximum speed and cruise speeds as well as the range. No armour was fitted, except for the <a href="/wiki/Self-sealing_fuel_tank" title="Self-sealing fuel tank">self-sealing fuel tanks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armament">Armament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Armament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SM.81 was equipped with six machine guns providing a heavy defensive armament for a 1935 aircraft. Two powered retractable <a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">turrets</a>, one dorsal (just behind the pilots' seats) and one ventral-aft, were each fitted with 7.7 mm (0.303 in) <a href="/wiki/Breda-SAFAT_machine_gun" title="Breda-SAFAT machine gun">Breda-SAFAT machine guns</a>, while single 7.7 mm (.303 in) <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Gun">Lewis Guns</a> were mounted to fire through lateral hatches.<sup id="cite_ref-Passingham_p183_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passingham_p183-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The turrets were rotated by a "Riva-Calzoni" hydraulic system, while the guns' elevation was manual, and manual back-up mechanisms were provided for both the retracting and rotating systems. Once retracted, only the upper part of the turret was visible, with the gun barrels positioned vertically, one aft of the other to reduce drag, giving the impression that the aircraft had additional antennae. Given the SM.81's cruise speed of around 270 km/h (170 mph) and the presence of a massive fixed undercarriage, the aerodynamic gain was relatively small. </p><p>The ventral turret was operated in a different fashion to those fitted to other aircraft where the gunner occupied the ball- or dustbin-shaped structure; instead, due to lack of space, the gunner crouched in the fuselage with his head down inside the turret. This proved not to be very effective as were most ventral turrets,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and they were not fitted to further Savoias, although Piaggio fitted a dustbin-style turret accommodating the gunner to their <a href="/wiki/Piaggio_P.108" title="Piaggio P.108">P.108</a>. </p><p>Both flanks were covered by one single and one twin gun installation. Initially six 7.7 mm (.303 in) <a href="/wiki/Vickers_machine_gun" title="Vickers machine gun">Vickers machine guns</a> were fitted, but these were later replaced by reliable, if not very fast-firing models made by Breda, together with 500 rounds per gun. </p><p>The SM.81's bomb bay was divided into two parts with a passage linking aft and mid fuselage between, and could accommodate a wide range of ordnance up to a total of 2,000 kg (4,410 lb) over short ranges, with individual bombs of up to 500 kg (1,100 lb), arranged either horizontally or vertically:<sup id="cite_ref-Passingham_p183_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passingham_p183-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>4 × 500 kg (1,100 lb) (stored horizontally)</li> <li>4 × 250 kg (550 lb) (ditto)</li> <li>16 × 100 kg (220 lb) (stored vertically, as all the smaller ones), true weight around 130 kg (287 lb)</li> <li>28 × 50 kg (110 lb) (true weight, around 70 kg/150 lb)</li> <li>56 × 31 kg (68 lb), 24 kg (53 lb), 20 kg (40 lb), or 15 kg (33 lb)</li> <li>1,008 × 2 kg (4 lb) (true weight, around 1,700 kg/3,750 lb)</li> <li>Incendiary bombs</li></ul> <p>The bomb-release mechanism was located on the right side of the bombardier's position. </p><p>The SM.81's defensive armament was better than its successor, the SM.79, and even than that of the SM.84, although of smaller calibre, but still insufficient when faced with modern enemy fighter opposition. It was also capable of carrying a greater bombload than the SM.79, due to its wide fuselage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propulsion">Propulsion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Propulsion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_propulsion" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 propulsion">Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 propulsion</a></div> <p>The SM.81 had a three-engine configuration, but unlike the <i>Sparviero</i>, was fitted with a wide range of engines throughout its production: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_125" title="Alfa Romeo 125">Alfa Romeo 125 RC.35</a>, 432–507 kW (580–680 hp). 192 built.<sup id="cite_ref-Passingham_p182_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passingham_p182-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnome-Rh%C3%B4ne_14K" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnome-Rhône 14K">Gnome-Rhône 14K</a>, 485–746 kW (650-1,000 hp).96 built.<sup id="cite_ref-Passingham_p182_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passingham_p182-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaggio_P.X_R.C.15" class="mw-redirect" title="Piaggio P.X R.C.15">Piaggio P.X R.C.15</a>, 501–522 kW (670–700 hp) – 48 built.<sup id="cite_ref-Passingham_p182_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passingham_p182-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaggio_P.IX_R.C.40" class="mw-redirect" title="Piaggio P.IX R.C.40">Piaggio P.IX R.C.40</a>, 507 kW (680 hp) – 140 built.<sup id="cite_ref-Passingham_p182_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passingham_p182-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_126_RC.34" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfa Romeo 126 RC.34">Alfa Romeo 126 RC.34</a>, 582–671 kW (780–900 hp), also fitted to early versions of the SM.79. 58 built.<sup id="cite_ref-Passingham_p182_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passingham_p182-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In addition, one aircraft, the SM.81B, was built in a twin-engined configuration, powered by two 627 kW (840 hp) <a href="/wiki/Isotta-Fraschini_Asso_XI" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotta-Fraschini Asso XI">Isotta-Fraschini Asso XI</a> inline engines and a streamlined, glazed nose. It had inferior performance to the three-engined versions and was not taken further.<sup id="cite_ref-Passingham_p187_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passingham_p187-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fuel">Fuel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fuel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fuel tanks, as was standard for Italian multi-engined aircraft, were metal <a href="/wiki/Self-sealing_fuel_tank" title="Self-sealing fuel tank">self-sealing fuel tanks</a> using materials developed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=SEMAPE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEMAPE (page does not exist)">SEMAPE</a>, the specialized manufacturer. Eight tanks were fitted, with six in the centre wing (4 × 150 L/40 <a href="/wiki/US_gallon" class="mw-redirect" title="US gallon">US gallon</a> and 2 × 1,140 L/301 US gal tanks) and two 370 L (100 US gal) tanks (or 780 L/210 US gal with Gnome-Rhône 14K engines) in the outer wings<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. This gave an overall fuel capacity of 3,620 or 4,400 L (960 or 1,160 US gal). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_operational_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 operational history">Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 operational history</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.81.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.81.jpg/220px-Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.81.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.81.jpg/330px-Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.81.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.81.jpg/440px-Savoia-Marchetti_S.M.81.jpg 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>Savoia-Marchetti S.M. 81</figcaption></figure><p>The SM.81 first saw combat during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Abyssinian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Italo-Abyssinian War">Second Italo-Abyssinian War</a>, where it showed itself to be versatile serving as a bomber, transport and <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">reconnaissance aircraft</a>. SM.81s also fought in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> with the <i><a href="/wiki/Aviazione_Legionaria" title="Aviazione Legionaria">Aviazione Legionaria</a></i> and were among the first aircraft sent by the <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a> powers to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_airlift_of_1936" title="Spanish airlift of 1936">airlift aid</a> to <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>. </p><p>Despite their obsolescence, by 1940, when Italy became involved in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, around 300 (290–304 depending on source) SM.81s were in service with the <i>Regia Aeronautica</i>. The first Italian aircraft to enter action in East Africa were a pair of SM.81s. On 11 June 1940, one of them attacked <a href="/wiki/Port_Sudan" title="Port Sudan">Port Sudan</a> and the other flew a reconnaissance flight over the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>. That same night, three SM.81s took off to bomb <a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a>, but one turned back, and one of the other two hit a hill near <a href="/wiki/Massawa" title="Massawa">Massawa</a> while trying to land.<sup id="cite_ref-Sutherland._pag._31._7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutherland._pag._31.-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A further flight was concurrently deployed against Anglo-Rhodesian defensive positions in <a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a> immediately before the decisive <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tug_Argan" title="Battle of Tug Argan">Battle of Tug Argan</a>, presaging a limited role as a <a href="/wiki/Tactical_bombing" title="Tactical bombing">tactical bomber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its low speed and vulnerability to <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a> meant that during daytime the SM.81 was restricted to second line duties, finding use as a transport. At night it was an effective bomber, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North African theatre</a>. Anti-ship actions were also carried out, but without significant success. </p><p>Most SM.81s were withdrawn by the time of the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_with_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice with Italy">Italian armistice</a> of 1943, though some remained in service with both the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-Belligerent_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force">Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force</a>. </p><p>Several examples survived the war and went on to serve with the <i><a href="/wiki/Aeronautica_Militare_Italiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronautica Militare Italiana">Aeronautica Militare Italiana</a></i>, but by 1950 these had all been retired. </p><p>SM.81s serving in Ethiopia had markings applied to distinguish them in SAR missions. The normal camouflage pattern was yellow, green and brown. The all-over dark olive green scheme was introduced later, when the aircraft were used only in transport missions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>SM.81</dt> <dd>Three-engine bomber, transport aircraft, 535 built.</dd> <dt>SM.81B</dt> <dd>Experimental twin-engine prototype, one built.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Nationalist_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Nationalist Air Force">Chinese Nationalist Air Force</a>. Six SM.81Bs were ordered in November 1936, to be built at the Sino-Italian National Aircraft Works (SINAW) at <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ChEnp233_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChEnp233-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an additional example purchased direct to Italy. This arrived disassembled at <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> in October 1937, but could not be delivered to China because its packing cases were too large for rail travel. Two of the Nanchang-built aircraft were delivered to the Air Force, with a further example completed but destroyed when the factory was bombed in December 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-ChEnp133,282_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChEnp133,282-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All were lost in training accidents in February 1938 at <a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Regia_Aeronautica" title="Regia Aeronautica">Regia Aeronautica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviazione_Legionaria" title="Aviazione Legionaria">Aviazione Legionaria</a> 64 aircraft <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-Belligerent_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force">Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeronautica_Nazionale_Repubblicana" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana">Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeronautica_Militare_Italiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronautica Militare Italiana">Aeronautica Militare Italiana</a></i> operated this type postwar.</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Spain_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Spain_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Spain_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Spanish State</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Air Force">Spanish Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Yugoslav Air Force">Yugoslav Air Force</a>,a few S.81 were serving in Yugoslav Air Force (1930s-1945),they are also displayed in museum of Aeronautics in Belgrade<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(SM.81b_with_Alfa_Romeo_125_R.C.35_engines)"><span id="Specifications_.28SM.81b_with_Alfa_Romeo_125_R.C.35_engines.29"></span>Specifications (SM.81b with Alfa Romeo 125 R.C.35 engines)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Specifications (SM.81b with Alfa Romeo 125 R.C.35 engines)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 6</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 18.3 m (60 ft 0 in)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 24 m (78 ft 9 in)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 4.3 m (14 ft 1 in)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 92.2 m<sup>2</sup> (992 sq ft)</li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 6,800 kg (14,991 lb)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 9,300 kg (20,503 lb)</li> <li><b>Max takeoff weight:</b> 10,505 kg (23,160 lb)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 3 × <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_125_R.C.35" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfa Romeo 125 R.C.35">Alfa Romeo 125 R.C.35</a> 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 485 kW (650 hp) each <br /></li> <li>Alternative engines:- <a href="/wiki/Piaggio_P.X_R.C.15" class="mw-redirect" title="Piaggio P.X R.C.15">Piaggio P.X R.C.15</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_126_R.C.34" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfa Romeo 126 R.C.34">Alfa Romeo 126 R.C.34</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gnome-Rh%C3%B4ne_14K" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnome-Rhône 14K">Gnome-Rhône 14K</a></li> <li><b>Propellers:</b> 3-bladed propellers</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 340 km/h (210 mph, 180 kn) at 4,000 m (13,000 ft)</li> <li><b>Cruise speed:</b> 260 km/h (160 mph, 140 kn) <br /></li> <li><b>Minimum speed:</b> 110 km/h (68 mph; 59 kn)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 1,500 km (930 mi, 810 nmi)</li> <li><b>Combat range:</b> 430 km (270 mi, 230 nmi) with 2,000 kg (4,409 lb) bomb load</li> <li><b>Ferry range:</b> 2,000 km (1,200 mi, 1,100 nmi)</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 7,000 m (23,000 ft)</li> <li><b>Time to altitude:</b> <br /></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>1,000 m (3,300 ft) in 4 min 15 s</li> <li>3,000 m (9,800 ft) in 11 min 48 s</li> <li>5,000 m (16,000 ft) in 20 min 36 s</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Wing loading:</b> 101 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (21 lb/sq ft)</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Guns:</b> 6 × 7.7 mm (.303 in) <a href="/wiki/Breda-SAFAT_machine_gun" title="Breda-SAFAT machine gun">Breda-SAFAT machine guns</a></li> <li><b>Bombs:</b> Up to 2,000 kg (4,409 lb) of bombs</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p> <b>Related development</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.79" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.79">SM.79 Sparviero</a></li></ul> <p><b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52" title="Junkers Ju 52">Junkers Ju 52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bombay" title="Bristol Bombay">Bristol Bombay</a></li></ul> <p> <b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interwar_military_aircraft" title="List of interwar military aircraft">List of interwar military aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II" title="List of aircraft of World War II">List of aircraft of World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Regia_Aeronautica_aircraft_used_in_World_War_II" title="List of Regia Aeronautica aircraft used in World War II">List of Regia Aeronautica aircraft used in World War II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alieuomini.it/catalogo/dettaglio_catalogo/savoia_marchetti_s_pipistrello,14.html">Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 Pipistrello</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Angelucci_and_Matricardi_1978,_p._188-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Angelucci_and_Matricardi_1978,_p._188_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angelucci_and_Matricardi_1978,_p._188_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angelucci_and_Matricardi_1978,_p._188_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Angelucci and Matricardi 1978, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Passingham_p182-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Passingham_p182_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Passingham_p182_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Passingham_p182_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Passingham_p182_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Passingham_p182_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Passingham_p182_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Passingham 1977, p.182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Passingham_p182-3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Passingham_p182-3_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Passingham 1977, pp.182–183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Passingham_p183-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Passingham_p183_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Passingham_p183_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Passingham_p183_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Passingham_p183_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Passingham 1977, p.183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Passingham_p187-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Passingham_p187_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Passingham 1977, p.187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sutherland._pag._31.-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sutherland._pag._31._7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutherland 2009, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Playfair 1954, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChEnp233-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChEnp233_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andersson 2008, p. 233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChEnp133,282-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChEnp133,282_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andersson 2008, pp. 133, 282</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">THOMAS, Hugh. <i>The Spanish Civil War.</i> Penguin Books. 2006. London. p.938</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 Pipistrello">Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 Pipistrello</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAndersson2008" class="citation book cs1">Andersson, Lennart (2008). <i>A History of Chinese Aviation: Encyclopedia of Aircraft and Aviation in China until 1949</i>. Taipei, Republic of China: AHS of ROC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-957-28533-3-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-957-28533-3-7"><bdi>978-957-28533-3-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Chinese+Aviation%3A+Encyclopedia+of+Aircraft+and+Aviation+in+China+until+1949&rft.place=Taipei%2C+Republic+of+China&rft.pub=AHS+of+ROC&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-957-28533-3-7&rft.aulast=Andersson&rft.aufirst=Lennart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoia-Marchetti+SM.81+Pipistrello" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Angelucci, Enzo and Paolo Matricardi. <i>World Aircraft: World War II, Volume I</i> (Sampson Low Guides). Maidenhead, UK: Sampson Low, 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-562-00096-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-562-00096-8">0-562-00096-8</a>.</li> <li>Apostolo, Giorgio. <i>The Savoia Marchetti S.M.81 (Aircraft in Profile number 146)</i>. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd.,1967.</li> <li>Lembo, Daniele, <i>SIAI 81 Pipistrello</i>, Aerei nella Storia, n.33.</li> <li>Passingham, Malcolm. "Savoia-Marchetti SM81". <i>Aircraft Illustrated</i>, May 1977, Vol 10 No 5. pp. 182–187.</li> <li>Mondey, David. <i>The Hamlyn Concise Guide to Axis Aircraft of World War II</i>. Chancellor Press, 2002.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlayfairwith_Stitt_RNMolonyToomer1954" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Stanley_Ord_Playfair" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Stanley Ord Playfair">Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.</a>; et al. (1954). <a href="/wiki/James_Ramsay_Montagu_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="James Ramsay Montagu Butler">Butler, J. R. M.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-Med-I/index.html"><i>The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941)</i></a>. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. I. London: <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/494123451">494123451</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mediterranean+and+Middle+East%3A+The+Early+Successes+Against+Italy+%28to+May+1941%29&rft.place=London&rft.series=History+of+the+Second+World+War%2C+United+Kingdom+Military+Series&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F494123451&rft.aulast=Playfair&rft.aufirst=Major-General+I.+S.+O.&rft.au=with+Stitt+RN%2C+Commander+G.+M.+S.&rft.au=Molony%2C+Brigadier+C.+J.+C.&rft.au=Toomer%2C+Air+Vice-Marshal+S.+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUN%2FUK%2FUK-Med-I%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoia-Marchetti+SM.81+Pipistrello" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sutherland, Jon & Diane Canwell: <i>Air War East Africa 1940–41 The RAF versus the Italian Air Force</i>. Barnsley (South Yorkshire) Pen and Sword Aviation, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-816-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84415-816-4">978-1-84415-816-4</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="SIAI,_Savoia-Marchetti_and_SIAI-Marchetti_aircraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SIAI-Marchetti_aircraft" title="Template:SIAI-Marchetti aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SIAI-Marchetti_aircraft" title="Template talk:SIAI-Marchetti aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SIAI-Marchetti_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SIAI-Marchetti aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="SIAI,_Savoia-Marchetti_and_SIAI-Marchetti_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/SIAI-Marchetti" title="SIAI-Marchetti">SIAI, Savoia-Marchetti and SIAI-Marchetti</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SIAI</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SIAI_S.8" title="SIAI S.8">S.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI_S.9" title="SIAI S.9">S.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI_S.12" title="SIAI S.12">S.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI_S.13" title="SIAI S.13">S.13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI_S.16" title="SIAI S.16">S.16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI_S.17" title="SIAI S.17">S.17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI_S.19" title="SIAI S.19">S.19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI_S.21" title="SIAI S.21">S.21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI_S.22" title="SIAI S.22">S.22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI_S.16" title="SIAI S.16">S.23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchetti_MVT" title="Marchetti MVT">S.50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI_S.51" title="SIAI S.51">S.51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI_S.52" title="SIAI S.52">S.52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI_S.58" title="SIAI S.58">S.58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI_S.67" title="SIAI S.67">S.67</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marchetti</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marchetti_MVT" title="Marchetti MVT">MVT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Savoia-Marchetti</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.55" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.55">S.55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.56" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.56">S.56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.57" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.57">S.57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.59" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.59">S.59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.62" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.62">S.62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.63" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.63">S.63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.64" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.64">S.64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.65" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.65">S.65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.66" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.66">S.66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.71" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.71">S.71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.72" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.72">S.72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.73" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.73">S.73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.74" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.74">S.74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.75_Marsupiale" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.75 Marsupiale">SM.75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.75_Marsupiale" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.75 Marsupiale">SM.76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.77" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.77">SM.77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.78" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.78">SM.78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.79_Sparviero" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 Sparviero">SM.79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.80" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.80">SM.80</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SM.81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.82" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.82">SM.82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.83" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.83">SM.83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_S.84" title="Savoia-Marchetti S.84">S.84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.84" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.84">SM.84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.85" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.85">SM.85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.85" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.85">SM.86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.75_Marsupiale" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.75 Marsupiale">SM.87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.88" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.88">SM.88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.89" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.89">SM.89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.75_Marsupiale" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.75 Marsupiale">SM.90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.91" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.91">SM.91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.92" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.92">SM.92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.93" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.93">SM.93</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoia-Marchetti_SM.94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.94 (page does not exist)">SM.94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.95" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.95">SM.95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.105" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.105">SM.105</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SIAI-Marchetti</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SIAI-Marchetti_FN.333_Riviera" title="SIAI-Marchetti FN.333 Riviera">FN.333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI-Marchetti_SM.101" title="SIAI-Marchetti SM.101">SM.101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI-Marchetti_SM.102" title="SIAI-Marchetti SM.102">SM.102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FFA_AS_202_Bravo" title="FFA AS 202 Bravo">SA.202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI-Marchetti_S.205" title="SIAI-Marchetti S.205">S.205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI-Marchetti_S.205" title="SIAI-Marchetti S.205">S.208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI-Marchetti_S.210" title="SIAI-Marchetti S.210">S.210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI-Marchetti_S.211" title="SIAI-Marchetti S.211">S.211</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI-Marchetti_SF.260" title="SIAI-Marchetti SF.260">SF.260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcanair_Canguro" title="Vulcanair Canguro">SF.600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI-Marchetti_S.700_Cormorano" title="SIAI-Marchetti S.700 Cormorano">S.700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAI-Marchetti_SM.1019" title="SIAI-Marchetti SM.1019">SM.1019</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spanish_Armed_Forces_transport_aircraft_designations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_transport_aircraft" title="Template:Spanish transport aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_transport_aircraft" title="Template talk:Spanish transport aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_transport_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish transport aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_Armed_Forces_transport_aircraft_designations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spanish Armed Forces</a> transport aircraft designations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Transporte</i> (R)<br /><small>Transport</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">T.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52" title="Junkers Ju 52">T.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">T.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">T.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_C-201_Alcot%C3%A1n" title="CASA C-201 Alcotán">T.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_C-202_Halc%C3%B3n" title="CASA C-202 Halcón">T.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_C-207_Azor" title="CASA C-207 Azor">T.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_2.111" title="CASA 2.111">T.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_C-119_Flying_Boxcar" title="Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar">T.9 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-4_Caribou" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou">T.9 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">T.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_20" title="Dassault Falcon 20">T.11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_C-212_Aviocar" title="CASA C-212 Aviocar">T.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadair_CL-215" title="Canadair CL-215">T.13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_CV-240_family" title="Convair CV-240 family">T.14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8">T.15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_50" title="Dassault Falcon 50">T.16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">T.17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_900" title="Dassault Falcon 900">T.18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA/IPTN_CN-235" title="CASA/IPTN CN-235">T.19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_Citation_V" title="Cessna Citation V">TR.20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EADS_CASA_C-295" title="EADS CASA C-295">T.21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A310" title="Airbus A310">T.22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Transporte Cisterna</i> (TK)<br /><small>Tanker</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-97_Stratofreighter" title="Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighter">TK.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/21px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/42px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, 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