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The developed economies quickly realised that they should seek joint solutions and coordinated" /> <title>Change in International Politics: An Introduction to the Contemporary Debate | Nikolaos Tzifakis - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/1093977/Change_in_International_Politics_An_Introduction_to_the_Contemporary_Debate" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'b55351076b26328bd3ebb8c0edd1b35967bcfaed'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732751076000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732751076000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Among the deficiencies demonstrated by the world financial crisis of 2008–9, one was the limited capacity of G-8 to provide for global economic governance. The developed economies quickly realised that they should seek joint solutions and coordinated policies in cooperation with the leading emerging-market economies. As a result, the G-20 turned into the main forum for managing the crisis. This in fact pointed to an early institutional acknowledgement that important changes were underway in the global distribution of power. These changes derive from the substantially higher growth rates of the emerging-market economies in comparison with those of the developed economies, a trend named ‘the rise of the rest’ (Zakaria, 2008, pp. 2–3).","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Nikolaos Tzifakis"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2011-11-16","dateModified":null,"datePublished":"2012-01-01","headline":"Change in International Politics: An Introduction to the Contemporary Debate","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Geography","Political Geography and Geopolitics","Latin American Studies","Law","International Relations","Multiculturalism","Development Studies","International Relations Theory","Globalization","International Studies","Intelligence Studies","International Law","Human Rights","International organizations","Conflict","Security","Political Science","Governance","Nationalism","Diplomacy","Indigenous Movements","International Politics","Bolivia","Electoral Systems","Contemporary 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The developed economies quickly realised that they should seek joint solutions and coordinated policies in cooperation with the leading emerging-market economies. As a result, the G-20 turned into the main forum for managing the crisis. This in fact pointed to an early institutional acknowledgement that important changes were underway in the global distribution of power. These changes derive from the substantially higher growth rates of the emerging-market economies in comparison with those of the developed economies, a trend named ‘the rise of the rest’ (Zakaria, 2008, pp. 2–3).","location":"Heidelberg","more_info":"in N. Tzifakis, (ed.) International Politics in Times of Change, pp. 1-14.","publisher":"Springer","ai_title_tag":"Global Power Shift: G-20's Role Post-2008 Financial Crisis","publication_date":"2012,,","publication_name":"International Politics in Times of Change"},"document_type":"other","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":0,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Change in International Politics: An Introduction to the Contemporary Debate","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [234081]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":31170856,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Change in International Politics: An Introduction to the Contemporary Debate”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/31170856/mini_magick20190426-25903-dkk99r.png?1556288945" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Change in International Politics: An Introduction to the Contemporary Debate</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="234081" href="https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis"><img alt="Profile image of Nikolaos Tzifakis" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/234081/158425/45729300/s65_nikolaos.tzifakis.jpg" />Nikolaos Tzifakis</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2012, International Politics in Times of Change</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Among the deficiencies demonstrated by the world financial crisis of 2008–9, one was the limited capacity of G-8 to provide for global economic governance. The developed economies quickly realised that they should seek joint solutions and coordinated policies in cooperation with the leading emerging-market economies. As a result, the G-20 turned into the main forum for managing the crisis. This in fact pointed to an early institutional acknowledgement that important changes were underway in the global distribution of power. These changes derive from the substantially higher growth rates of the emerging-market economies in comparison with those of the developed economies, a trend named ‘the rise of the rest’ (Zakaria, 2008, pp. 2–3).</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":31170856,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1093977/Change_in_International_Politics_An_Introduction_to_the_Contemporary_Debate"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":31170856,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1093977/Change_in_International_Politics_An_Introduction_to_the_Contemporary_Debate"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="31170856" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/1093977/Change_in_International_Politics_An_Introduction_to_the_Contemporary_Debate" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="28389791" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28389791/Emerging_Powers_and_Emerging_Trends_in_Global_Governance">Emerging Powers and Emerging Trends in Global Governance</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12167692" href="https://wzb.academia.edu/MatthewStephen">Matthew D Stephen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the 1990s liberal optimism permeated the study and practice of international politics. International institutions were strengthened and the discourse and practice of 'global governance' consolidated itself as a new approach to world affairs. Today, new powers are emerging in this institutionalized order. New powers have not only changed the power relations that underpinned global governance; they are also economically, politically, and culturally different to established powers. Against this backdrop, this article investigates the impacts emerging powers are having on global governance. It presents six major trends and outlines their implications for the new global governance that is currently taking shape. Because emerging powers are emerging in an already institutionalized order, the emerging global governance order is growing out of the existing one. Emerging powers are rendering parts of global governance dysfunctional, layering onto it, complicating it, but not overthrowing it.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Emerging Powers and Emerging Trends in Global Governance","attachmentId":63286442,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28389791/Emerging_Powers_and_Emerging_Trends_in_Global_Governance","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28389791/Emerging_Powers_and_Emerging_Trends_in_Global_Governance"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="38223425" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38223425/G20_re_shaping_global_governance_West_versus_the_Rest">G20 re-shaping global governance: West versus the Rest</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20109806" href="https://flul.academia.edu/DiogoJesus">Diogo J Jesus</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">For "Globalization and Governance in International Relations", Master in International Relations. Analysis on the impact of the G20 inside the broad narrative of the "West v. the Rest" in Global Governance</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"G20 re-shaping global governance: West versus the Rest","attachmentId":58263095,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38223425/G20_re_shaping_global_governance_West_versus_the_Rest","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38223425/G20_re_shaping_global_governance_West_versus_the_Rest"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="3755320" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3755320/Global_Economic_Governance_in_the_Making_The_Emergence_and_Viability_of_the_G20">Global Economic Governance in the Making: The Emergence and Viability of the G20 </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="145025" href="https://sdstate.academia.edu/EvrenCELIKWILTSE">Evren CELIK WILTSE</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">ASEM Policy Paper, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper analyzes the progress of the G20 by situating it in the general historical-institutional evolution of the contemporary global economy. Albeit in a primitive form, the G20 resembles post-WWII efforts to institutionalize the global economy under the rubric of the Bretton Woods system. Important differences remain, however. Most evident is the lack of a natural hegemon that can act as a the trailblazer and overcome the problems of collective action. The second point emphasized in the paper is the role of the 2008 economic crisis in the evolution of the G20. Without a doubt the 2008 crisis was a catalyst for the emergence of a new economic platform that brought together world’s top 20 economies. Numerous analysts and policymakers have highlighted the fact that the scale and scope of the 2008 crisis compelled the leading economic actors (G8) to expand their exclusive club. Emerging economies were offered seats at the commanding heights of global economy, for they proved to be more resilient than the members of the G8 in the face of this protracted recession. Thirdly, the paper discusses the power dynamics within the G20. Given the diverse size and nature of the economies that constitute the G20, the organization embodies significant opportunities as well as drawbacks. Compared to the exclusive league of the G8, which only included the advanced North American and European economies, the G20 certainly has more representative and democratic leverage. However, this greater representation also expands the overall agenda, making it harder to synchronize the priorities of all members and reach an accord.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Global Economic Governance in the Making: The Emergence and Viability of the G20 ","attachmentId":31426621,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3755320/Global_Economic_Governance_in_the_Making_The_Emergence_and_Viability_of_the_G20","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3755320/Global_Economic_Governance_in_the_Making_The_Emergence_and_Viability_of_the_G20"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="13423731" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13423731/Global_Power_Shifts_and_Challenges_for_the_Global_Order">Global Power Shifts and Challenges for the Global Order</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4349683" href="https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/RobertKappel">Robert Kappel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The world is facing a dangerous power vacuum which may last for decades. This vacuum is developing because Europe and the USA are currently in a phase of relative decline while China, India and Brazil are claiming international standing without being able to fill this role. A close look reveals several significant changes in global politics and the world economy: China, Russia, India and Brazil are global actors and are gaining relative strength. Together with other regional powers (e.g. Turkey, South Africa, Indonesia) they are influencing global energy, climate, security, trade, currency, and development policies. At the same time, however, they are too weak because they – despite partly strong economic growth – are unable to eradicate poverty in their own countries and an extremely imbalanced distribution of income and wealth prevails resulting in massive social problems. The weak infrastructure, technological under-development and low levels of education for the majority of the population are characteristic for their economic and social situation. Their ability to effectively lead on a global level is limited as they do not yet provide enough global public goods (security, monetary arrangements, development aid). Furthermore, they are often not recognised as leading powers in their own regions. Their alliances such as IBSA (India, Brazil, South Africa) and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa show a low degree of institutionalisation and a large gap between rhetoric and reality. Additionally, the new regional powers disagree on many issues and thus do not constitute a counterpole to the West. Finally, there is a growing normative disconnect between the regional powers, Europe and the USA. The paper is organized as such: First chapter deals with the relative decline of the US, the EU, the Western world. The second focuses on the rise of the New Powers (BRICS et al), the third chapter tries to find out how the New Powers act globally and influencing the global.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Global Power Shifts and Challenges for the Global Order","attachmentId":38504584,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13423731/Global_Power_Shifts_and_Challenges_for_the_Global_Order","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13423731/Global_Power_Shifts_and_Challenges_for_the_Global_Order"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="80316593" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80316593/Existing_and_Emerging_Powers_in_the_G20_The_Case_of_East_Asia">Existing and Emerging Powers in the G20: The Case of East Asia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51224298" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YvesTiberghien">Yves Tiberghien</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Over the last twenty years, global financial integration and global financial volatility have greatly increased. The 2008 crisis represented a peak in the vulnerability of all countries around the world with regard to global financial volatility. In response to this volatility and as the first line of defense, states have used a growing array of domestic tools: monetary policy, fiscal policy, financial regulatory reforms, domestic security market reforms, occasional capital controls, or the accumulation of financial reserves. Although the G20 was formed in 1999, it did not begin to take center stage in global economic governance until the global financial crisis that started in 2008. Since 2008, systemically important states — both established and aspiring powers — have taken the further steps of committing to increased global financial governance and becoming more integrated into the G20. East Asia is a region which contains a number of systemically important states, both existing ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Existing and Emerging Powers in the G20: The Case of East Asia","attachmentId":86738828,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80316593/Existing_and_Emerging_Powers_in_the_G20_The_Case_of_East_Asia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80316593/Existing_and_Emerging_Powers_in_the_G20_The_Case_of_East_Asia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="76144948" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76144948/The_Impact_of_Emerging_Economies_in_the_International_Political_Context">The Impact of Emerging Economies in the International Political Context</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="160367799" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NubiaZulmaNieto">Nubia Zulma Nieto</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sociologie Româneasca = Romanian Sociology, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article explores the impact of emerging economies in the international political arena. The arrival of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) has changed the map of the global order and the strategies to project hegemonic power. Could the BRICS eclipse the economic power of the richest countries of the world? How could the BRICS influence a change in the social and welfare policies in some developed countries? What are the main strategies of BRICS to project its soft power worldwide? These and other questions are analysed in this text taking into account the new geopolitical scenario of the twenty-first century. The essay is presented as a result of some discussions with key leaders, journalists and academicians that observe a transformation in the economy, politics, international relations, and in the psychology of the westerners as a sort of losing confidence in the Western model faced on emerging economies. It should be pointed out that the tex...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Impact of Emerging Economies in the International Political Context","attachmentId":83810913,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76144948/The_Impact_of_Emerging_Economies_in_the_International_Political_Context","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/76144948/The_Impact_of_Emerging_Economies_in_the_International_Political_Context"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="72457356" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72457356/Introduction_theorizing_the_G20">Introduction: theorizing the G20</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="378701" href="https://deakin.academia.edu/StevenSlaughter">Steven Slaughter</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The G20 and International Relations Theory, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction: theorizing the G20","attachmentId":81374743,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72457356/Introduction_theorizing_the_G20","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72457356/Introduction_theorizing_the_G20"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="29710081" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29710081/Will_the_global_crisis_lead_to_global_transformations_The_coming_epoch_of_new_coalitions_Journal_of_Globalization_Studies_1_2_2010_166_183">Will the global crisis lead to global transformations? The coming epoch of new coalitions // Journal of Globalization Studies 1(2)-2010: 166–183</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1785118" href="https://scopus.academia.edu/LeonidGrinin">Leonid Grinin</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1547747" href="https://hse-ru.academia.edu/AndreyKorotayev">Andrey Korotayev</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article presents possible answers, and their respective probabilities, to the question, ‘What are the consequences of the present global crisis in the proximate future of the World System?’ It also attempts to describe the basic characteristics of the forthcoming ‘Epoch of New Coalitions’ and to forecast certain future conditions. Among the problems analyzed in this paper are the following: What does the weakening of the economic role of the USA as the World System centre mean? Will there be a leader in the future World System? Will the deficit of global governance and world fragmentation continue to worsen? How can national sovereignty be transformed?</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Will the global crisis lead to global transformations? The coming epoch of new coalitions // Journal of Globalization Studies 1(2)-2010: 166–183","attachmentId":50159908,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29710081/Will_the_global_crisis_lead_to_global_transformations_The_coming_epoch_of_new_coalitions_Journal_of_Globalization_Studies_1_2_2010_166_183","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29710081/Will_the_global_crisis_lead_to_global_transformations_The_coming_epoch_of_new_coalitions_Journal_of_Globalization_Studies_1_2_2010_166_183"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="37914181" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37914181/Rise_of_the_Rest_as_Hype_and_Reality_International_Relations_journal_Special_issue_Reflections_on_International_Politics_1919_2019_">'Rise of the Rest': as Hype and Reality (International Relations journal Special issue - Reflections on International Politics, 1919-2019)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="259522" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/AyseZarakol">Ayse Zarakol</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Relations, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The past decade has been characterised (among other things) by the emergence of a discourse about the 'Rise of the Rest'. (Some) non-Western states have been described as 'rising powers' capable of agency in the international system and as potential partners for the West in global governance. This stands in contrast to a more traditional narrative that saw the non-West primarily as a source of international problems and a developmental project. Does this discursive shift signify a historic reversal in how the non-West understood by the West? The answer is complicated. In this article, I argue that the hype about 'rising powers' in Western policy circles following the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-8 had little relation to an 'objective' analysis of actual structural shifts in favour of 'the Rest' and was more akin to a financial bubble, with speculation driving perceptions of 'rising powers.' I also show that the 'rising powers' literature is better located within the broader (and long-standing) debate about the decline of the US, and should be read more as a manifestation of American anxieties and hopes than as informing us about the choices or the motivations of the 'rising powers.' Ironically, however, the Western hype nevertheless has helped along a structural shift that is under way, first by partly moulding reality in that direction (especially in the form of financial decisions), but more importantly by freeing non-Western powers (for better or worse) from their internalised cages of perceived inferiority and lack of agency in the modern international order.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"'Rise of the Rest': as Hype and Reality (International Relations journal Special issue - Reflections on International Politics, 1919-2019)","attachmentId":58922465,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37914181/Rise_of_the_Rest_as_Hype_and_Reality_International_Relations_journal_Special_issue_Reflections_on_International_Politics_1919_2019_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37914181/Rise_of_the_Rest_as_Hype_and_Reality_International_Relations_journal_Special_issue_Reflections_on_International_Politics_1919_2019_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="96859850" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/96859850/The_Rise_Of_The_Rest_After_The_2008_Global_Crisis_Heterogenety_And_Institutional_Acommodtation_Withwin_The_Internacional_Economic_Order">The Rise Of The "Rest" After The 2008 Global Crisis: Heterogenety And Institutional Acommodtation Withwin The Internacional Economic Order</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7583326" href="https://unb.academia.edu/RafaelManzi">Rafael Manzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The distribution of wealth production is undergoing changes mainly from the beginning of the 2000s. This phenomenon is the result of the acceleration of the pace of economic growth of the rest economiesformerly called developing, emerging or third world countries. The main objective of the article is to examine the implications of this phenomenon for the international economic order from the perspective of a uni-multipolar transition, institutional or hegemonic accommodation between 2001 and 2019. It is possible to infer two trends in this process. The first is that this phenomenon has become more heterogeneous after the global crisis of 2008. That is, the transition of power has continuity more for the Asian continent compared to other developing regions. The second is that the current transformation of the international economic order can be understood mainly from the perspective of institutional accommodation. More than replacing the current order in force, the main powers of the emerging world seek to build positions that imply increasing the participation of these countries within the current international institutions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Rise Of The \"Rest\" After The 2008 Global Crisis: Heterogenety And Institutional Acommodtation Withwin The Internacional Economic Order","attachmentId":98640319,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96859850/The_Rise_Of_The_Rest_After_The_2008_Global_Crisis_Heterogenety_And_Institutional_Acommodtation_Withwin_The_Internacional_Economic_Order","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/96859850/The_Rise_Of_The_Rest_After_The_2008_Global_Crisis_Heterogenety_And_Institutional_Acommodtation_Withwin_The_Internacional_Economic_Order"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":31170856,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":31170856,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_31170856" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="55499101" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55499101/Power_and_Global_Economic_Institutions">Power and Global Economic Institutions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="100931592" href="https://swarthmore.academia.edu/AyseKaya">Ayse Kaya</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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