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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Types </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Types subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scrolling_shooters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scrolling_shooters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Scrolling shooters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scrolling_shooters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bullet_hell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bullet_hell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Bullet hell </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bullet_hell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trance_shooters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trance_shooters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Trance shooters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trance_shooters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Origins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergence_of_shoot_'em_up_genre_(late_1970s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergence_of_shoot_'em_up_genre_(late_1970s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Emergence of shoot 'em up genre (late 1970s) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergence_of_shoot_'em_up_genre_(late_1970s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golden_age_and_refinement_(late_1970s_to_early_1980s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golden_age_and_refinement_(late_1970s_to_early_1980s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Golden age and refinement (late 1970s to early 1980s) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golden_age_and_refinement_(late_1970s_to_early_1980s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Run_and_gun_and_rail_shooters_(1980s_to_early_1990s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Run_and_gun_and_rail_shooters_(1980s_to_early_1990s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Run and gun and rail shooters (1980s to early 1990s) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Run_and_gun_and_rail_shooters_(1980s_to_early_1990s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bullet_hell_and_niche_appeal_(mid-1990s_to_present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bullet_hell_and_niche_appeal_(mid-1990s_to_present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Bullet hell and niche appeal (mid-1990s to present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bullet_hell_and_niche_appeal_(mid-1990s_to_present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Shoot 'em up</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" > 29 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%A8" title="شوتم أب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شوتم أب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Shoot 'em up" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videojoc_Shoot_%27em_up" title="Videojoc Shoot 'em up – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Videojoc Shoot 'em up" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%E2%80%99em_up" title="Shoot ’em up – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Shoot ’em up" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%E2%80%99em_up" title="Shoot ’em up – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shoot ’em up" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matamarcianos" title="Matamarcianos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Matamarcianos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A2%D9%BE" title="شوت ام آپ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شوت ام آپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shoot 'em up" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%96%89%ED%98%95_%EC%8A%88%ED%8C%85_%EA%B2%8C%EC%9E%84" title="진행형 슈팅 게임 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진행형 슈팅 게임" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permainan_tembak-menembak" title="Permainan tembak-menembak – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Permainan tembak-menembak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shoot 'em up" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Shoot 'em up" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Shoot 'em up" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Shoot 'em up" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%BE" title="شوتم اپ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شوتم اپ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shoot 'em up" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%E2%80%99em_up_(videospillsjanger)" title="Shoot ’em up (videospillsjanger) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shoot ’em up (videospillsjanger)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shoot 'em up" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%E2%80%99em_up" title="Shoot ’em up – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Shoot ’em up" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_and_gun" title="Run and gun – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Run and gun" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strelja%C4%8Dina" title="Streljačina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Streljačina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%E2%80%99em_up" title="Shoot ’em up – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shoot ’em up" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shoot 'em up" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B" title="ชูตเอ็มอัป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชูตเอ็มอัป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Shoot 'em up" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Shoot 'em up" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%89%88%E5%B0%84%E5%87%BB%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="清版射击游戏 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="清版射击游戏" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%89%88%E5%B0%84%E6%93%8A%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="清版射擊遊戲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="清版射擊遊戲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%89%88%E5%B0%84%E5%87%BB%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="清版射击游戏 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="清版射击游戏" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div 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.sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Action_game" title="Action game">Action games</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Vg_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vg_icon.svg/150px-Vg_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vg_icon.svg/225px-Vg_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vg_icon.svg/300px-Vg_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="56" data-file-height="42" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Subgenres</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action-adventure_game" title="Action-adventure game">Action-adventure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metroidvania" title="Metroidvania">Metroidvania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_royale_game" title="Battle royale game">Battle royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">Fighting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_%27em_up" title="Beat 'em up">Beat 'em up</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hack_and_slash" title="Hack and slash">Hack and slash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_fighter" title="Platform fighter">Platform fighter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform game">Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_game" title="Rhythm game">Rhythm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_role-playing_game" title="Action role-playing game">Action RPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooter_game" title="Shooter game">Shooter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_game" title="Artillery game">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_shooter" title="Arena shooter">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">First-person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_shooter" title="Hero shooter">Hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">Light gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-person_shooter" title="Third-person shooter">Third-person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_shooter" title="Tactical shooter">Tactical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shoot 'em up</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_hell" title="Bullet hell">Bullet hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-stick_shooter" title="Twin-stick shooter">Twin-stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_video_game" title="Sports video game">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racing_game" title="Racing game">Racing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealth_game" title="Stealth game">Stealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_game" title="Survival game">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_simulation_game" title="Vehicle simulation game">Vehicle sim</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_the_flag" title="Capture the flag">Capture the flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover_system" title="Cover system">Cover system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-person_shooter_engine" title="First-person shooter engine">First-person shooter engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_look" title="Free look">Free look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_time_event" title="Quick time event">Quick time event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_keys#WASD_keys" title="Arrow keys">WASD keys</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_video_games" title="Lists of video games">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battle_royale_games" title="List of battle royale games">List of battle royale games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beat_%27em_ups" title="List of beat 'em ups">List of beat 'em ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fighting_game_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fighting game companies">List of fighting game companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fighting_games" title="List of fighting games">List of fighting games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first-person_shooters" title="List of first-person shooters">List of first-person shooters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_freeware_first-person_shooters" title="List of freeware first-person shooters">List of freeware first-person shooters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-person_shooters" title="List of third-person shooters">List of third-person shooters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_survival_games" title="List of survival games">List of survival games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_light_gun_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of light gun games">List of light gun games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_maze_video_games" title="List of maze video games">List of maze video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_platform_game_series" class="mw-redirect" title="List of platform game series">List of platform games</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Action_video_games" title="Template:Action video games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Action_video_games" title="Template talk:Action video games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Action_video_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Action video games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Shoot 'em ups (also known as shmups or STGs)<a href="#cite_note-davies08-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-carless11-2">[2]</a> are a <a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">sub-genre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Action_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Action games">action games</a>. There is no consensus as to which design elements compose a shoot 'em up; some restrict the definition to games featuring spacecraft and certain types of character movement, while others allow a broader definition including characters on foot and a variety of perspectives. The genre's roots can be traced back to earlier <a href="/wiki/Shooting_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting games">shooting games</a>, including target shooting <a href="/wiki/Electro-mechanical_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Electro-mechanical games">electro-mechanical games</a> of the mid-20th-century, but did not receive a video game release until <a href="/wiki/Spacewar!" title="Spacewar!">Spacewar!</a> (1962). The shoot 'em up genre was established by the hit <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade game</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a>, which popularised and set the general template for the genre in 1978, and has spawned many clones. The genre was then further developed by arcade hits such as <a href="/wiki/Asteroids_(video_game)" title="Asteroids (video game)">Asteroids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galaxian" title="Galaxian">Galaxian</a> in 1979. Shoot 'em ups were popular throughout the 1980s to early 1990s, diversifying into a variety of subgenres such as <a href="/wiki/Scrolling" title="Scrolling">scrolling</a> shooters, run and gun games and rail shooters. In the mid-1990s, shoot 'em ups became a niche genre based on design conventions established in the 1980s, and increasingly catered to specialist enthusiasts, particularly in Japan. "<a href="/wiki/Bullet_hell" title="Bullet hell">Bullet hell</a>" games are a subgenre of shooters that features overwhelming numbers of enemy <a href="/wiki/Projectiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Projectiles">projectiles</a>, often in visually impressive formations. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition">edit</a>]</div> A "shoot 'em up", also known as a "shmup"<a href="#cite_note-igntop10-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jets'n'Guns-4">[4]</a> or "STG" (the common Japanese abbreviation for "shooting games"),<a href="#cite_note-davies08-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-carless11-2">[2]</a> is a game in which the protagonist combats a large number of enemies by shooting at them while dodging their fire. The controlling player must rely primarily on reaction times to succeed.<a href="#cite_note-ashcraft70-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-ysguide-6">[6]</a> Beyond this, critics differ on exactly which design elements constitute a shoot 'em up. Some restrict the genre to games featuring some kind of craft, using fixed or <a href="/wiki/Scrolling" title="Scrolling">scrolling</a> movement.<a href="#cite_note-ashcraft70-5">[5]</a> Others widen the scope to include games featuring such protagonists as robots or humans on foot, as well as including games featuring "on-rails" (or "into the screen") and "run and gun" movement.<a href="#cite_note-ysguide-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-bloodywolf-8">[8]</a> Mark Wolf restricts the definition to games featuring multiple antagonists ("'em" being short for "them"), calling games featuring one-on-one shooting "combat games".<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Formerly, critics described any game where the primary design element was shooting as a "shoot 'em up",<a href="#cite_note-ysguide-6">[6]</a> but later shoot 'em ups became a specific, inward-looking genre based on design conventions established in those shooting games of the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_elements">Common elements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Common elements">edit</a>]</div> Shoot 'em ups are a subgenre of <a href="/wiki/Action_game" title="Action game">action game</a>. These games are usually viewed from a <a href="/wiki/Video_game_graphics#Top-down_perspective" title="Video game graphics">top-down</a> or <a href="/wiki/Side-scrolling_video_game" title="Side-scrolling video game">side-view perspective</a>, and players must use ranged weapons to take action at a distance. The player's <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(computing)" title="Avatar (computing)">avatar</a> is typically a vehicle or spacecraft under constant attack. Thus, the player's goal is to shoot as quickly as possible at anything that moves or threatens them to reach the end of the level, usually with a <a href="/wiki/Boss_battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Boss battle">boss battle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-10">[10]</a> In some games, the player's character can withstand some damage or a single hit will result in their destruction.<a href="#cite_note-Jets'n'Guns-4">[4]</a> The main skills required in shoot 'em ups are fast reactions and memorising enemy attack patterns. Some games feature overwhelming numbers of enemy projectiles and the player has to memorise their patterns to survive. These games belong to one of the fastest-paced <a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">video game genres</a>. Large numbers of enemy characters programmed to behave in an easily predictable manner are typically featured.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> These enemies may behave in a certain way dependent on their type, or attack in formations that the player can learn to predict. The basic gameplay tends to be straightforward with many varieties of weapons.<a href="#cite_note-Jets'n'Guns-4">[4]</a> Shoot 'em ups rarely have realistic physics. Characters can instantly change direction with no <a href="/wiki/Inertia" title="Inertia">inertia</a>, and projectiles move in a straight line at constant speeds.<a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-10">[10]</a> The player's character can collect "<a href="/wiki/Power-up" title="Power-up">power-ups</a>" which may afford the character's greater protection, an "<a href="/wiki/Life_(video_games)#Extra_lives" title="Life (video games)">extra life</a>", health, shield, or upgraded weaponry.<a href="#cite_note-gradiuscollection-12">[12]</a> Different weapons are often suited to different enemies, but these games seldom keep track of ammunition. As such, players tend to fire indiscriminately, and their weapons only damage legitimate targets.<a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types">edit</a>]</div> Shoot 'em ups are categorized by their design elements, particularly viewpoint and movement:<a href="#cite_note-ysguide-6">[6]</a> Fixed shooters restrict the player and enemies to a single screen, and the player primarily moves along a single axis, such as back and forth along the bottom of the screen.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Examples include <a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a> (1978), <a href="/wiki/Galaxian" title="Galaxian">Galaxian</a> (1979), <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(1980_video_game)" title="Phoenix (1980 video game)">Phoenix</a> (1980), and <a href="/wiki/Galaga" title="Galaga">Galaga</a> (1981). In <a href="/wiki/Pooyan" title="Pooyan">Pooyan</a> (1982), the fixed axis of movement is vertical, along the right side of the screen. In <a href="/wiki/Centipede_(video_game)" title="Centipede (video game)">Centipede</a> (1980) and <a href="/wiki/Gorf" title="Gorf">Gorf</a> (1981), the player primarily moves left and right along the bottom, but several inches of vertical motion are also allowed within an invisible box. Multidirectional shooters allow 360-degree movement where the protagonist may rotate and move in any direction<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Asteroids_(video_game)" title="Asteroids (video game)">Asteroids</a> (1979) and <a href="/wiki/Mad_Planets" title="Mad Planets">Mad Planets</a> (1983). Multidirectional shooters with one joystick for movement and one joystick for firing in any direction independent of movement are called <a href="/wiki/Twin-stick_shooter" title="Twin-stick shooter">twin-stick shooters</a>. One of the first games to popularize twin-stick controls was <a href="/wiki/Robotron:_2084" title="Robotron: 2084">Robotron: 2084</a> (1982).<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Project_Starfighter.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Project_Starfighter.png/220px-Project_Starfighter.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Project_Starfighter.png/330px-Project_Starfighter.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Project_Starfighter.png/440px-Project_Starfighter.png 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Project Starfighter, a side-view space shooter</figcaption></figure> Space shooters are a thematic variant of involving <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a> in <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">outer space</a>. Following the success of Space Invaders, space shooters were the dominant subgenre during the late 1970s to early 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-RG80s-17">[17]</a> These games can overlap with other subgenres as well as <a href="/wiki/Space_combat_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Space combat game">space combat games</a>. Tube shooters feature craft flying through an abstract tube,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Tempest_(video_game)" title="Tempest (video game)">Tempest</a> (1981) and <a href="/wiki/Gyruss" title="Gyruss">Gyruss</a> (1983). There is still a single axis of motion, making these a subset of fixed shooters. Rail shooters limit the player to moving around the screen while following a specific route;<a href="#cite_note-panzer-19">[19]</a> these games often feature an "into the screen" viewpoint, with which the action is seen from behind the <a href="/wiki/Player_character" title="Player character">player character</a>, and moves "into the screen", while the player retains control over dodging.<a href="#cite_note-ysguide-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Examples include <a href="/wiki/Space_Harrier" title="Space Harrier">Space Harrier</a> (1985), <a href="/wiki/Captain_Skyhawk" title="Captain Skyhawk">Captain Skyhawk</a> (1990), <a href="/wiki/Starblade" title="Starblade">Starblade</a> (1991), <a href="/wiki/Star_Fox_(1993_video_game)" title="Star Fox (1993 video game)">Star Fox</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Rebel_Assault" title="Star Wars: Rebel Assault">Star Wars: Rebel Assault</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/Panzer_Dragoon" title="Panzer Dragoon">Panzer Dragoon</a> (1995), and <a href="/wiki/Sin_and_Punishment" title="Sin and Punishment">Sin and Punishment</a> (2000). Rail shooters that use <a href="/wiki/Light_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Light guns">light guns</a> are called <a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">light gun shooters</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Wolf" title="Operation Wolf">Operation Wolf</a> (1987), <a href="/wiki/Lethal_Enforcers" title="Lethal Enforcers">Lethal Enforcers</a> (1992), <a href="/wiki/Virtua_Cop" title="Virtua Cop">Virtua Cop</a> (1994), <a href="/wiki/Point_Blank_(video_game_series)" title="Point Blank (video game series)">Point Blank</a> (1994), <a href="/wiki/Time_Crisis_(video_game)" title="Time Crisis (video game)">Time Crisis</a> (1995), <a href="/wiki/The_House_of_the_Dead_(video_game)" title="The House of the Dead (video game)">The House of the Dead</a> (1996) and <a href="/wiki/Elemental_Gearbolt" title="Elemental Gearbolt">Elemental Gearbolt</a> (1997). Light-gun games that are "on rails" are usually not considered to be in the shoot-em-up category, but rather their own first-person light-gun shooter category.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Cute 'em ups feature brightly colored graphics depicting surreal settings and enemies. Cute 'em ups tend to have unusual, oftentimes completely bizarre opponents for the player to fight, with <a href="/wiki/TwinBee_(series)" title="TwinBee (series)">Twinbee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Zone" title="Fantasy Zone">Fantasy Zone</a> first pioneering the subgenre,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Parodius" title="Parodius">Parodius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton_(series)" title="Cotton (series)">Cotton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harmful_Park" title="Harmful Park">Harmful Park</a> being additional key games.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Some cute 'em ups may employ overtly sexual characters and innuendo.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scrolling_shooters">Scrolling shooters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scrolling shooters">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Vertically_scrolling_video_game#Vertically_scrolling_shooters" title="Vertically scrolling video game">Vertically scrolling shooters</a> present the action from <a href="/wiki/Video_game_graphics#Top-down_perspective" title="Video game graphics">above</a> and scroll up (or occasionally down) the screen. <a href="/wiki/Side-scrolling_video_game" title="Side-scrolling video game">Horizontally scrolling shooters</a> usually present a side-on view and scroll left to right (or less often, right to left).<a href="#cite_note-ysguide-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Isometrically scrolling shooters or isometric shooters, such as <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Zaxxon" title="Zaxxon">Zaxxon</a> (1982), use an <a href="/wiki/Isometric_video_game_graphics" title="Isometric video game graphics">isometric point of view</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a> A popular implementation style of scrolling shooters has the player's flying vehicle moving forward, at a fixed rate, through an environment. Examples are <a href="/wiki/Scramble_(video_game)" title="Scramble (video game)">Scramble</a> (1981), <a href="/wiki/Xevious" title="Xevious">Xevious</a> (1982), <a href="/wiki/Gradius_(video_game)" title="Gradius (video game)">Gradius</a> (1986), <a href="/wiki/Darius_(video_game)" title="Darius (video game)">Darius</a> (1987), <a href="/wiki/R-Type" title="R-Type">R-Type</a> (1987), <a href="/wiki/Einh%C3%A4nder" title="Einhänder">Einhänder</a> (1997). In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Defender_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Defender (video game)">Defender</a> (1981) allows the player to move left or right at will. Run and gun games have protagonists that move through the world on foot and shoot attackers. Examples include the vertically scrolling, overhead view games <a href="/wiki/Front_Line_(video_game)" title="Front Line (video game)">Front Line</a> (1982), <a href="/wiki/Commando_(video_game)" title="Commando (video game)">Commando</a> (1985), and <a href="/wiki/Ikari_Warriors" title="Ikari Warriors">Ikari Warriors</a> (1986). Side-scrolling run and gun games often combine elements from <a href="/wiki/Platform_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform games">platform games</a>, such as the ability to jump: <a href="/wiki/Contra_(video_game)" title="Contra (video game)">Contra</a> (1987), <a href="/wiki/Metal_Slug_(1996_video_game)" title="Metal Slug (1996 video game)">Metal Slug</a> (1996) and <a href="/wiki/Cuphead" title="Cuphead">Cuphead</a> (2017). Run and gun games may also use <a href="/wiki/Isometric_projection" title="Isometric projection">isometric viewpoints</a> and may have multidirectional movement.<a href="#cite_note-bloodywolf2-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-ysguide2-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bullet_hell">Bullet hell</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bullet hell">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bullet_hell" title="Bullet hell">Bullet hell</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuclear_Throne_screenshot_06.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuclear_Throne_screenshot_06.png/220px-Nuclear_Throne_screenshot_06.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuclear_Throne_screenshot_06.png/330px-Nuclear_Throne_screenshot_06.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuclear_Throne_screenshot_06.png/440px-Nuclear_Throne_screenshot_06.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Throne" title="Nuclear Throne">Nuclear Throne</a> (2015), a bullet hell game</figcaption></figure> Bullet hell (弾幕, danmaku, literally "barrage" or "bullet curtain") is a subgenre of shooters in which the screen becomes crowded with complex "curtain fire" enemy patterns. It is also characterized by collision boxes that are smaller than the sprites themselves, to accommodate maneuvering through these crowded firing patterns.<a href="#cite_note-ashcraft66-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> This style of game, also known as "manic shooters"<a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a> or "maniac shooters",<a href="#cite_note-ashcraft77-31">[31]</a> originated in the mid-1990s as an offshoot of scrolling shooters.<a href="#cite_note-ashcraft77-31">[31]</a> The <a href="/wiki/DonPachi" title="DonPachi">DonPachi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Touhou_Project" title="Touhou Project">Touhou Project</a> series are early titles establishing the principle of bullet hells.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> A bullet heaven or reverse bullet hell is a subgenre characterized by the player character collecting or unlocking abilities and attacks whose visuals overlap and clutter the game screen as the game progresses. They also share a feature of many enemy characters, commonly called "hordes", walking toward the player from off-screen. This genre is generally attributed to <a href="/wiki/Vampire_Survivors" title="Vampire Survivors">Vampire Survivors</a>, released in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trance_shooters">Trance shooters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Trance shooters">edit</a>]</div> A small subgenre of shooter games that emphasizes chaotic, reflex-based gameplay designed to put the player in a trance-like state. In trance shooters, enemy patterns usually have randomized elements, forcing the player to rely on reflexes rather than pattern memorization. Games of this type usually feature colorful, abstract visuals, and electronic music (often <a href="/wiki/Techno_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Techno music">techno music</a>). <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Minter" title="Jeff Minter">Jeff Minter</a> is commonly credited with originating the style with <a href="/wiki/Tempest_2000" title="Tempest 2000">Tempest 2000</a> (1994) and subsequent games including <a href="/wiki/Space_Giraffe" title="Space Giraffe">Space Giraffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gridrunner%2B%2B" title="Gridrunner++">Gridrunner++</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polybius_(2017_video_game)" title="Polybius (2017 video game)">Polybius</a> (2017). Other examples include the <a href="/wiki/Geometry_Wars" title="Geometry Wars">Geometry Wars</a> series, <a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders_Extreme" title="Space Invaders Extreme">Space Invaders Extreme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Super_Stardust_HD" title="Super Stardust HD">Super Stardust HD</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Resogun" title="Resogun">Resogun</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spacewar1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Spacewar1.png/170px-Spacewar1.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Spacewar1.png/255px-Spacewar1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Spacewar1.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spacewar!" title="Spacewar!">Spacewar!</a> (1962), an <a href="/wiki/Early_mainframe_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Early mainframe game">early mainframe game</a> with shooting and spacecraft</figcaption></figure> The concept of <a href="/wiki/Shooting_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting games">shooting games</a> existed before <a href="/wiki/Video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Video games">video games</a>, dating back to shooting gallery <a href="/wiki/Carnival_game" title="Carnival game">carnival games</a> in the late 19th century<a href="#cite_note-routledge_chp31-34">[34]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Target_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Target sports">target sports</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">archery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowling" title="Bowling">bowling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Darts" title="Darts">darts</a>. Mechanical target shooting games first appeared in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcades" class="mw-redirect" title="Amusement arcades">amusement arcades</a> around the turn of the 20th century,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> before appearing in America by the 1920s.<a href="#cite_note-ashcraft145-36">[36]</a> Shooting gallery games eventually evolved into more sophisticated target shooting <a href="/wiki/Electro-mechanical_game" title="Electro-mechanical game">electro-mechanical games</a> (EM games) such as <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>'s influential <a href="/wiki/Periscope_(arcade_game)" title="Periscope (arcade game)">Periscope</a> (1965). Shooting video games have roots in EM shooting games.<a href="#cite_note-routledge_chp31-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Williams-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Video_game_journalism" title="Video game journalism">Video game journalist</a> Brian Ashcraft argues the <a href="/wiki/Early_mainframe_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Early mainframe game">early mainframe game</a> <a href="/wiki/Spacewar!" title="Spacewar!">Spacewar!</a> (1962) was the first shoot 'em up video game.<a href="#cite_note-ashcraft72-38">[38]</a> It was developed at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> in 1961, for the developers' amusement, and presents a space battle between two craft. It was remade four times as an arcade video game in the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergence_of_shoot_'em_up_genre_(late_1970s)">Emergence of shoot 'em up genre (late 1970s)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Emergence of shoot 'em up genre (late 1970s)">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a> (1978) is most frequently cited as the "first" or "original" in the genre.<a href="#cite_note-ysguide-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Space_Invaders-41">[41]</a> A seminal game created by <a href="/wiki/Tomohiro_Nishikado" title="Tomohiro Nishikado">Tomohiro Nishikado</a> of Japan's <a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a>, it led to proliferation of shooter games.<a href="#cite_note-1UP-10things-42">[42]</a> It pitted the player against multiple enemies descending from the top of the screen at a constantly increasing speed.<a href="#cite_note-Space_Invaders-41">[41]</a> Nishikado conceived the game by combining elements of <a href="/wiki/Breakout_(video_game)" title="Breakout (video game)">Breakout</a> (1976) with those of earlier target shooting games, and simple alien creatures inspired by <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>' <a href="/wiki/The_War_of_the_Worlds" title="The War of the Worlds">The War of the Worlds</a>. The hardware was unable to render the movement of aircraft, so the game was set in space, with a black background. It had a more interactive style of play than earlier target shooting games, with multiple enemies who responded to the player-controlled cannon's movement and fired back at the player. The game ended when the player was killed by the enemies.<a href="#cite_note-RG-3-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Williams-37">[37]</a> While earlier shooting games allowed the player to shoot at targets, Space Invaders was the first where multiple enemies fired back at the player.<a href="#cite_note-Nikkei-44">[44]</a> It also introduced the idea of giving the player multiple <a href="/wiki/Life_(video_games)" title="Life (video games)">lives</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> and popularized the concept of achieving a <a href="/wiki/High_score" class="mw-redirect" title="High score">high score</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IGN-10-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-GS-SI-Hall-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-GWR08-2-48">[48]</a> With these elements, Space Invaders set the general template for the shoot 'em up genre.<a href="#cite_note-1UP-50-49">[49]</a> It became one of the most widely cloned shooting games, spawning more than 100 imitators with only the most minor differences (if any) from the original.<a href="#cite_note-smithsonianmag_history-50">[50]</a> Most shooting games released since then<a href="#cite_note-1UP-10things-42">[42]</a> have followed its "multiple life, progressively difficult <a href="/wiki/Level_(video_games)" title="Level (video games)">level</a>" paradigm, according to <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Jarvis" title="Eugene Jarvis">Eugene Jarvis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golden_age_and_refinement_(late_1970s_to_early_1980s)">Golden age and refinement (late 1970s to early 1980s)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Golden age and refinement (late 1970s to early 1980s)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_arcade_video_games" title="Golden age of arcade video games">Golden age of arcade video games</a></div> Following the success of Space Invaders, shoot 'em ups became the dominant genre for much of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_arcade_video_games" title="Golden age of arcade video games">golden age of arcade video games</a>, from the late 1970s up until the early 1980s, particularly the "space shooter" subgenre.<a href="#cite_note-RG80s-17">[17]</a> In 1979, <a href="/wiki/Namco" title="Namco">Namco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Galaxian" title="Galaxian">Galaxian</a>—"the granddaddy of all top-down shooters", according to IGN—was released.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Its use of colour graphics and individualised antagonists were considered "strong evolutionary concepts" among space ship games.<a href="#cite_note-joystick1_10-53">[53]</a> In 1981 <a href="/wiki/Gorf" title="Gorf">Gorf</a> brought joystick control and (limited) vertical as well as horizontal movement to the vertically-oriented fixed-shooter genre, while Space Invaders and Galaxian have only horizontal movement controlled by a pair of buttons.<a href="#cite_note-blanchet_gorf_joystick-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-hirschfeld_gorf_joystick-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Atari" title="Atari">Atari</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Asteroids_(video_game)" title="Asteroids (video game)">Asteroids</a> (1979) was a hit multi-directional shooter, taking from Spacewar! the ability for the player's ship to roam the entire screen and to rotate, move and shoot in any direction.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The Space Invaders format evolved into the <a href="/wiki/Vertical_scrolling" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertical scrolling">vertical scrolling</a> shooter sub-genre.<a href="#cite_note-Williams-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a>'s debut shoot 'em up <a href="/wiki/Ozma_Wars" title="Ozma Wars">Ozma Wars</a> (1979) featured vertical scrolling backgrounds and enemies,<a href="#cite_note-GameSpot-57">[57]</a> and it was the first <a href="/wiki/Action_game" title="Action game">action game</a> to feature a supply of energy, similar to <a href="/wiki/Hit_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Hit points">hit points</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Namco's <a href="/wiki/Xevious" title="Xevious">Xevious</a>, released in 1982, was one of the first and most influential vertical scrolling shooters.<a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a> Xevious is also the first to convincingly portray dithered/shaded organic landscapes as opposed to blocks-in-space or wireframe obstacles.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Side-scrolling" class="mw-redirect" title="Side-scrolling">Side-scrolling</a> shoot 'em ups emerged in the early 1980s. <a href="/wiki/Defender_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Defender (video game)">Defender</a>, introduced by <a href="/wiki/Williams_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Williams Electronics">Williams Electronics</a> in late 1980 and entering production in early 1981, allowed side-scrolling in both directions in a wrap-around game world, unlike most later games in the genre.<a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Scrolling" title="Scrolling">scrolling</a> helped remove design limitations associated with the screen,<a href="#cite_note-Joystik1-2-60">[60]</a> and it also featured a <a href="/wiki/Minimap" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimap">minimap</a> radar.<a href="#cite_note-GS-Hall-61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Scramble_(video_game)" title="Scramble (video game)">Scramble</a>, released by <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a> in early 1981, had continuous scrolling in a single direction and was the first side-scrolling shooter with multiple distinct <a href="/wiki/Level_(video_games)" title="Level (video games)">levels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a> In the early 1980s, Japanese arcade developers began moving away from space shooters towards character <a href="/wiki/Action_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Action games">action games</a>, whereas American arcade developers continued to focus on space shooters during the early 1980s, up until the end of the arcade golden age. According to <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Jarvis" title="Eugene Jarvis">Eugene Jarvis</a>, American developers were greatly influenced by Japanese space shooters but took the genre in a different direction from the "more deterministic, scripted, pattern-type" gameplay of Japanese games, towards a more "programmer-centric design culture, emphasizing algorithmic generation of backgrounds and enemy dispatch" and "an emphasis on random-event generation, particle-effect explosions and physics" as seen in arcade games such as his own Defender and <a href="/wiki/Robotron:_2084" title="Robotron: 2084">Robotron: 2084</a> (1982) as well as Atari's Asteroids (1979).<a href="#cite_note-RG80s-17">[17]</a> Robotron: 2084 was an influential game in the multi-directional shooter subgenre.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Some games experimented with <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-3D" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-3D">pseudo-3D</a> perspectives at the time. <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>'s attempt at the genre, <a href="/wiki/Radar_Scope" title="Radar Scope">Radar Scope</a> (1980), borrowed heavily from Space Invaders and Galaxian, but added a three-dimensional third-person perspective; the game was a commercial failure, however.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Atari's <a href="/wiki/Tempest_(arcade_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempest (arcade game)">Tempest</a> (1981) was one of the earliest tube shooters and a more successful attempt to incorporate a 3D perspective into shooter games;<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Tempest went on to influence several later rail shooters.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Sega's <a href="/wiki/Zaxxon" title="Zaxxon">Zaxxon</a> (1981) introduced <a href="/wiki/Isometric_video_game_graphics" title="Isometric video game graphics">isometric video game graphics</a> to the genre.<a href="#cite_note-RG80s-17">[17]</a> The term "shmup" is believed to have been coined in 1985 by the British <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a> magazine <a href="/wiki/Zzap!64" title="Zzap!64">Zzap!64</a>. In the July 1985 issue, the term was used by the editor Chris Anderson and reviewer <a href="/wiki/Julian_Rignall" title="Julian Rignall">Julian Rignall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> 1985 saw the release of Konami's <a href="/wiki/Gradius_(video_game)" title="Gradius (video game)">Gradius</a>, which gave the player greater control over the choice of weaponry, thus introducing another element of strategy.<a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a> The game also introduced the need for the player to memorise levels in order to achieve any measure of success.<a href="#cite_note-ashcraft76-69">[69]</a> Gradius, with its iconic protagonist, defined the side-scrolling shoot 'em up and <a href="/wiki/Gradius" title="Gradius">spawned a series</a> spanning several sequels.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The following year saw the emergence of one of Sega's forefront series with its game <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Zone" title="Fantasy Zone">Fantasy Zone</a>. The game received acclaim for its surreal graphics and setting and the protagonist, Opa-Opa, was for a time considered Sega's <a href="/wiki/Mascot" title="Mascot">mascot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The game borrowed Defender's device of allowing the player to control the direction of flight and along with the earlier <a href="/wiki/TwinBee" title="TwinBee">TwinBee</a> (1985), is an early archetype of the "cute 'em up" subgenre.<a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In 1986, Taito released <a href="/wiki/KiKi_KaiKai" class="mw-redirect" title="KiKi KaiKai">KiKi KaiKai</a>, an overhead multi-directional shooter. The game is notable for using a traditional fantasy setting in contrast to most shoot 'em up games filled with science fiction motifs.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/R-Type" title="R-Type">R-Type</a>, an acclaimed side-scrolling shoot 'em up, was released in 1987 by <a href="/wiki/Irem" title="Irem">Irem</a>, employing slower paced scrolling than usual, with difficult, claustrophobic levels calling for methodical strategies.<a href="#cite_note-igntop10-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> 1990's <a href="/wiki/Raiden_(arcade_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raiden (arcade game)">Raiden</a> was the beginning of another acclaimed and enduring series to emerge from this period.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Run_and_gun_and_rail_shooters_(1980s_to_early_1990s)">Run and gun and rail shooters (1980s to early 1990s)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Run and gun and rail shooters (1980s to early 1990s)">edit</a>]</div> Run and gun games became popular in the mid-1980s. These games feature characters on foot, rather than spacecraft, and often have military themes. The origins of this type of shooter go back to <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_(video_game)" title="Sheriff (video game)">Sheriff</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>, released in 1979.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a>'s Sasuke vs. Commander (1980), which had relatively detailed background graphics for its time, pit a <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> against a horde of <a href="/wiki/Ninjas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninjas">ninjas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Boss_fights" class="mw-redirect" title="Boss fights">boss fights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Taito's <a href="/wiki/Front_Line_(video_game)" title="Front Line (video game)">Front Line</a> (1982) introduced the <a href="/wiki/Vertical_scrolling" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertical scrolling">vertical scrolling</a> format later popularized by <a href="/wiki/Capcom" title="Capcom">Capcom</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Commando_(game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commando (game)">Commando</a> (1985), which established the standard formula used by later run and gun games.<a href="#cite_note-ysguide2-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-HG101-80">[80]</a> Sega's <a href="/wiki/Ninja_Princess" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninja Princess">Ninja Princess</a> (1985), which released slightly before Commando, was a run and gun game that was distinctive for its <a href="/wiki/Feudal_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal Japan">feudal Japan</a> setting and <a href="/wiki/Female_ninja" class="mw-redirect" title="Female ninja">female ninja</a> protagonist who throws <a href="/wiki/Shuriken" title="Shuriken">shuriken</a> and knives.<a href="#cite_note-HG101-80">[80]</a> <a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a>'s <a href="/wiki/TNK_III" title="TNK III">TNK III</a>, released later in 1985, combined the Front Line tank shooter format with unique rotary <a href="/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick">joystick</a> controls, which they later combined with Commando-inspired run and gun gameplay to develop <a href="/wiki/Ikari_Warriors" title="Ikari Warriors">Ikari Warriors</a> (1986), which further popularized run and gun shooters.<a href="#cite_note-Continue-81">[81]</a> Ikari Warriors also drew inspiration from the <a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">action film</a> <a href="/wiki/Rambo:_First_Blood_Part_II" title="Rambo: First Blood Part II">Rambo: First Blood Part II</a> (1985),<a href="#cite_note-GameSpot-57">[57]</a> which it was originally intended to be an adaptation of.<a href="#cite_note-Continue-81">[81]</a> Contemporary critics considered military themes and protagonists similar to <a href="/wiki/John_Rambo" title="John Rambo">Rambo</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Schwarzenegger</a> prerequisites for a shoot 'em up, as opposed to an <a href="/wiki/Action-adventure_game" title="Action-adventure game">action-adventure game</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ysguide2-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The success of Commando and Ikari Warriors led to run and gun games becoming the dominant style of shoot 'em up during the late 1980s to early 1990s, with the term "shoot 'em up" itself becoming synonymous with "run and gun" during this period.<a href="#cite_note-ysguide2-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rush%27n_Attack" title="Rush'n Attack">Green Beret</a> (1985), known as Rush'n Attack in North America, adapted the Commando formula to a <a href="/wiki/Side-scrolling" class="mw-redirect" title="Side-scrolling">side-scrolling</a> format.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Later notable side-scrolling run and gun shooters include Namco's <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Thunder_(video_game)" title="Rolling Thunder (video game)">Rolling Thunder</a> (1986), which added <a href="/wiki/Cover_system" title="Cover system">cover mechanics</a> to the formula,<a href="#cite_note-denofgeek-84">[84]</a> and Data East's <a href="/wiki/RoboCop_(1988_video_game)" title="RoboCop (1988 video game)">RoboCop</a> (1988).<a href="#cite_note-ysguide2-28">[28]</a> In 1987, Konami created <a href="/wiki/Contra_(video_game)" title="Contra (video game)">Contra</a>, a side-scrolling coin-op arcade game, and later a <a href="/wiki/NES" class="mw-redirect" title="NES">NES</a> game, that was particularly acclaimed for its multi-directional aiming and two-player cooperative gameplay. By the early 1990s and the <a href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles_(fourth_generation)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of video game consoles (fourth generation)">popularity of 16-bit consoles</a>, the scrolling shooter genre was overcrowded, with developers struggling to make their games stand out, with exceptions such as the inventive <a href="/wiki/Gunstar_Heroes" title="Gunstar Heroes">Gunstar Heroes</a> (1993) by <a href="/wiki/Treasure_(company)" title="Treasure (company)">Treasure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Sega's <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-3D" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-3D">pseudo-3D</a> <a href="/wiki/Rail_shooter" title="Rail shooter">rail shooter</a> <a href="/wiki/Buck_Rogers:_Planet_of_Zoom" title="Buck Rogers: Planet of Zoom">Buck Rogers: Planet of Zoom</a> demonstrated the potential of <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D</a> shoot 'em up gameplay in 1982.<a href="#cite_note-VideoGames-86">[86]</a> Sega's <a href="/wiki/Space_Harrier" title="Space Harrier">Space Harrier</a>, a rail shooter released in 1985, broke new ground graphically and its wide variety of settings across multiple levels gave players more to aim for than high scores.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-1upharrier-88">[88]</a> In 1986, <a href="/wiki/Arsys_Software" title="Arsys Software">Arsys Software</a> released <a href="/wiki/Wibarm" class="mw-redirect" title="Wibarm">WiBArm</a>, a shooter that switched between a <a href="/wiki/2D_computer_graphics" title="2D computer graphics">2D</a> side-scrolling view in outdoor areas to a fully 3D polygonal <a href="/wiki/Third-person_(video_games)" title="Third-person (video games)">third-person</a> perspective inside buildings, while bosses were fought in an arena-style 2D battle, with the game featuring a variety of weapons and equipment.<a href="#cite_note-Retro-89">[89]</a> In 1987, Square's <a href="/wiki/3-D_WorldRunner" class="mw-redirect" title="3-D WorldRunner">3-D WorldRunner</a> was an early stereoscopic 3-D shooter played from a third-person perspective,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> followed later that year by its sequel <a href="/wiki/JJ_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="JJ (video game)">JJ</a>,<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> and the following year by <a href="/wiki/Space_Harrier_3-D" title="Space Harrier 3-D">Space Harrier 3-D</a> which used the SegaScope <a href="/wiki/Liquid_crystal_shutter_glasses" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid crystal shutter glasses">3-D shutter glasses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> That same year, Sega's <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Blade" title="Thunder Blade">Thunder Blade</a> switched between both a top-down view and a third-person view, and featured the use of <a href="/wiki/Haptic_technology" title="Haptic technology">force feedback</a>, where the joystick vibrates.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bullet_hell_and_niche_appeal_(mid-1990s_to_present)">Bullet hell and niche appeal (mid-1990s to present)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bullet hell and niche appeal (mid-1990s to present)">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2017)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_shmup_arcade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_shmup_arcade.jpg/220px-Japanese_shmup_arcade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_shmup_arcade.jpg/330px-Japanese_shmup_arcade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Japanese_shmup_arcade.jpg/440px-Japanese_shmup_arcade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>Japanese players at a shoot 'em up arcade in <a href="/wiki/Akihabara" title="Akihabara">Akihabara, Tokyo</a> (2017)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bullet_hell" title="Bullet hell">Bullet hell</a></div> Over the course of the 1990s, a new subgenre of shooters evolved, known as "danmaku (弾幕, "barrage") in Japan, and often referred to as "bullet hell" or "manic shooters" in English-speaking regions. These games are characterized by high numbers of enemy projectiles, often in complex "curtain fire" patterns, as well as collision boxes that are smaller than the sprites themselves, allowing the player to fit between the narrow gaps in enemy fire. <a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-ashcraft77-31">[31]</a> Bullet hell games were first popularized in Japanese arcades during a time when 3D games and fighting games were eclipsing other games. The flashy firing patterns were intended to grab players attention.<a href="#cite_note-ashcraft77-31">[31]</a> <a href="/wiki/Toaplan" title="Toaplan">Toaplan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Batsugun" title="Batsugun">Batsugun</a> (1993) is often considered a pivotal point in the development of this subgenre.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> After the closure of Toaplan, the following year, a number of studios formed from former Toaplan staff that would continue to develop this style, including <a href="/wiki/Cave_(company)" title="Cave (company)">Cave</a> (formed by Batsugun's main creator Tsuneki Ikeda) who released 1995's seminal <a href="/wiki/DonPachi" title="DonPachi">DonPachi</a>, and Takumi, who would develop the GigaWing series.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Bullet hell games marked another point where the shooter genre began to cater to more dedicated players.<a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-ashcraft77-31">[31]</a> Games such as Gradius had been more difficult than Space Invaders or Xevious,<a href="#cite_note-ashcraft76-69">[69]</a> but bullet hell games were yet more inward-looking and aimed at dedicated fans of the genre looking for greater challenges.<a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> While shooter games featuring protagonists on foot largely moved to 3D-based genres, popular, long-running series such as <a href="/wiki/Contra_(series)" title="Contra (series)">Contra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metal_Slug_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal Slug (series)">Metal Slug</a> continued to receive new sequels.<a href="#cite_note-contraDS-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Rail shooters have rarely been released in the new millennium, with only <a href="/wiki/Rez_(video_game)" title="Rez (video game)">Rez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panzer_Dragoon_Orta" title="Panzer Dragoon Orta">Panzer Dragoon Orta</a> achieving cult recognition.<a href="#cite_note-panzer-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-1upharrier-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> In the early 2000s, the genre achieved recognition through the mobile game <a href="/wiki/Space_Impact" title="Space Impact">Space Impact</a>, which is considered one of the important games in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_games" title="History of mobile games">history of mobile games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cnet.com-110">[110]</a> Treasure's shoot 'em up, <a href="/wiki/Radiant_Silvergun" title="Radiant Silvergun">Radiant Silvergun</a> (1998), introduced an element of narrative to the genre. It was critically acclaimed for its refined design, though it was not released outside Japan and remains a much sought-after collector's item.<a href="#cite_note-igntop10-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Its successor <a href="/wiki/Ikaruga" title="Ikaruga">Ikaruga</a> (2001) featured improved graphics and was again acclaimed as one of the best games in the genre. Both Radiant Silvergun and Ikaruga were later released on <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Live_Arcade" title="Xbox Live Arcade">Xbox Live Arcade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-igntop10-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-lecture-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-2dspace-113">[113]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Touhou_Project" title="Touhou Project">Touhou Project</a> series spans 26 years and 30 games as of 2022 and was listed in the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> in October 2010 for being the "most prolific fan-made shooter series".<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The genre has undergone something of a resurgence with the release of the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a> online services,<a href="#cite_note-2dspace-113">[113]</a> while in Japan arcade shoot 'em ups retain a deep-rooted niche popularity.<a href="#cite_note-ashcraft88-115">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geometry_Wars:_Retro_Evolved" title="Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved">Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved</a> was released on Xbox Live Arcade in 2005 and in particular stood out from the various re-releases and <a href="/wiki/Casual_game" title="Casual game">casual games</a> available on the service.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The PC has also seen its share of <a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Djin_soft" class="mw-redirect" title="Dōjin soft">dōjin</a> shoot 'em ups like <a href="/wiki/Crimzon_Clover" title="Crimzon Clover">Crimzon Clover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamestown:_Legend_of_the_Lost_Colony" title="Jamestown: Legend of the Lost Colony">Jamestown: Legend of the Lost Colony</a>, Xenoslaive Overdrive, and the <a href="/wiki/EXceed_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="EXceed (series)">eXceed series</a>. However, despite the genre's continued appeal to an enthusiastic niche of players, shoot 'em up developers are increasingly embattled financially by the power of home consoles and their attendant genres.<a href="#cite_note-ashcraft88-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/28px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/42px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/56px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Video_games" title="Portal:Video games">Video games portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_%27em_up" title="Beat 'em up">Beat 'em up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_flight_simulation_game" title="Space flight simulation game">Space flight simulation game</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-davies08-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-davies08_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-davies08_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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text" href="http://www.gamespy.com/articles/895/895329p1.html">"The Shooting Never Stops"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GameSpy" title="GameSpy">GameSpy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402021206/http://www.gamespy.com/articles/895/895329p1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-04-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameSpy&rft.atitle=The+Shooting+Never+Stops&rft.date=2008-07-30&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Jonti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespy.com%2Farticles%2F895%2F895329p1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoot+%27em+up" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-carless11-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-carless11_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-carless11_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarless2011" class="citation web cs1">Carless, Simon (5 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" 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March 1996. p. 40. <q>The first shooter is generally acknowledged to be Space Invaders.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Next+Generation&rft.atitle=The+Next+Generation+1996+Lexicon+A+to+Z%3A+Shooter&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=40&rft.date=1996-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoot+%27em+up" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Space_Invaders-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Space_Invaders_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Space_Invaders_41-1">b</a> Buchanan, Levi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.wireless.ign.com/articles/391/391708p1.html">Space Invaders</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208194536/http://uk.wireless.ign.com/articles/391/391708p1.html">Archived</a> 2008-12-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> , IGN, March 31, 2003. Accessed June 14, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-1UP-10things-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1UP-10things_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1UP-10things_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards,_Benj" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Benj. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/do/feature?cId=3168373">"Ten Things Everyone Should Know About Space Invaders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/1UP.com" class="mw-redirect" title="1UP.com">1UP.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226064943/http://www.1up.com/do/feature?cId=3168373">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-02-26. 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Live Publishing. p. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Retro+Gamer&rft.atitle=Nishikado-San+Speaks&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=35&rft.date=2004-04-15&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fretro_gamer%2FRetroGamer_003%23page%2F34%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoot+%27em+up" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nikkei-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Nikkei_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080323064622/http://trendy.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/special/20080318/1008218/">"スペースインベーダー・今明かす開発秘話――開発者・西角友宏氏、タイトー・和田洋一社長対談"</a> [Space Invader, Development Secret Story Revealed Now―Interview With Developer Tomohiro Nishikado, Taito President Yoichi Wada]. <a href="/wiki/The_Nikkei" title="The Nikkei">The Nikkei</a> (in Japanese). March 21, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trendy.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/special/20080318/1008218/">the original</a> on March 23, 2008. Retrieved 3 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nikkei&rft.atitle=%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E4%BB%8A%E6%98%8E%E3%81%8B%E3%81%99%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E7%A7%98%E8%A9%B1%E2%80%95%E2%80%95%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E8%80%85%E3%83%BB%E8%A5%BF%E8%A7%92%E5%8F%8B%E5%AE%8F%E6%B0%8F%E3%80%81%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E5%92%8C%E7%94%B0%E6%B4%8B%E4%B8%80%E7%A4%BE%E9%95%B7%E5%AF%BE%E8%AB%87&rft.date=2008-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrendy.nikkeibp.co.jp%2Farticle%2Fspecial%2F20080318%2F1008218%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoot+%27em+up" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shmuplations.com/spaceinvaders/">"Space Invaders – 30th Anniversary Developer Interview"</a>. Shmuplations.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shmuplations&rft.atitle=Space+Invaders+%E2%80%93+30th+Anniversary+Developer+Interview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshmuplations.com%2Fspaceinvaders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoot+%27em+up" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRecords2014" class="citation book cs1">Records, Guinness World (6 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8OUkBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA68">Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2015 Ebook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908843-71-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908843-71-5"><bdi>978-1-908843-71-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guinness+World+Records+Gamer%27s+Edition+2015+Ebook&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Guinness+World+Records&rft.date=2014-11-06&rft.isbn=978-1-908843-71-5&rft.aulast=Records&rft.aufirst=Guinness+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8OUkBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoot+%27em+up" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IGN-10-46"><a href="#cite_ref-IGN-10_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeddes,_RyanHatfield,_Daemon2007" class="citation web cs1">Geddes, Ryan; Hatfield, Daemon (2007-12-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723145213/http://games.ign.com/articles/840/840621p1.html">"IGN's Top 10 Most Influential Games"</a>. 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Retrieved 2010-01-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gamespy+Hall+of+Fame%3A+Space+Invaders&rft.pub=GameSpy&rft.au=Kevin+Bowen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.gamespy.com%2Flegacy%2Fhalloffame%2Fspaceinvaders.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoot+%27em+up" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GWR08-2-48"><a href="#cite_ref-GWR08-2_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig_Glenday2008" class="citation book cs1">Craig Glenday, ed. (2008-03-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec00guin_0/page/106">"Record Breaking Games: Shooting Games Roundup"</a>. Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2008. <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>. 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Hardcore Gaming 101. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110113213821/http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/JPNcomputers/Japanesecomputers4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-01-13. Retrieved 2011-03-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Retro+Japanese+Computers%3A+Gaming%27s+Final+Frontier&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Hardcore+Gaming+101&rft.au=John+Szczepaniak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hardcoregaming101.net%2FJPNcomputers%2FJapanesecomputers4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoot+%27em+up" class="Z3988"> Reprinted from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier", <a href="/wiki/Retro_Gamer" title="Retro Gamer">Retro Gamer</a>, no. 67, 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Retro+Gamer&rft.atitle=Retro+Japanese+Computers%3A+Gaming%27s+Final+Frontier&rft.issue=67&rft.date=2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoot+%27em+up" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141114120016/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=1136">"3-D WorldRunner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/All_Media_Network#AllGame" class="mw-redirect" title="All Media Network">AllGame</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=1136">the original</a> on 2014-11-14. Retrieved 2021-05-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllGame&rft.atitle=3-D+WorldRunner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allgame.com%2Fgame.php%3Fid%3D1136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoot+%27em+up" class="Z3988">. . </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141115040109/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=14936">"JJ: Tobidase Daisakusen Part II [Japanese]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/All_Media_Network#AllGame" class="mw-redirect" title="All Media Network">AllGame</a>. 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Retrieved 2018-12-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curtains+for+You%3A+The+History+of+Bullet+Hell&rft.pub=US+Gamer&rft.date=2013-06-08&rft.aulast=Davison&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usgamer.net%2Farticles%2Fcurtains-for-you-the-history-of-bullet-hell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoot+%27em+up" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glitchwave.com/games/genre/bullet-hell/">Bullet hell - Glitchwave video games database</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.racketboy.com/retro/games-that-defined-the-shmups-genre">Games That Defined the Shmups Genre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235127/http://www.racketboy.com/retro/games-that-defined-the-shmups-genre">Archived</a> 2018-01-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2016" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Mark (2016). 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Accessed February 17, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-cnet.com-110"><a href="#cite_ref-cnet.com_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/the-10-greatest-mobile-games-of-all-time/">"The 10 greatest mobile games of all time"</a>. 4 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+10+greatest+mobile+games+of+all+time&rft.date=2010-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-10-greatest-mobile-games-of-all-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoot+%27em+up" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Buchanan, Levi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.retro.ign.com/articles/864/864928p1.html">Fond Memories: Radiant Silvergun</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713005234/http://uk.retro.ign.com/articles/864/864928p1.html">Archived</a> 2011-07-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> , IGN, April 7, 2008. Accessed February 13, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> McCarthy, Dave, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.retro.ign.com/articles/948/948051p1.html">The Best Games That Never Came out in Britain</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090130123314/http://uk.retro.ign.com/articles/948/948051p1.html">Archived</a> 2009-01-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> , IGN, January 26, 2009, Accessed February 13, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-2dspace-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2dspace_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2dspace_113-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090903222751/http://uk.xbox.ign.com/articles/770/770899p1.html">"Top 10 Tuesday: 2D Space Shooters"</a>. IGN. March 6, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.xbox.ign.com/articles/770/770899p1.html">the original</a> on 2009-09-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Top+10+Tuesday%3A+2D+Space+Shooters&rft.date=2007-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.xbox.ign.com%2Farticles%2F770%2F770899p1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoot+%27em+up" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-8000/most-prolific-fan-made-shooter-series/">"Most prolific fan-made shooter series"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130424041751/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-8000/most-prolific-fan-made-shooter-series/">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-04-24. Retrieved 2011-09-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Most+prolific+fan-made+shooter+series&rft.pub=Guinness+World+Records&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Frecords-8000%2Fmost-prolific-fan-made-shooter-series%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoot+%27em+up" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ashcraft88-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ashcraft88_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ashcraft88_115-1">b</a> Ashcraft, p. 88 </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Gouskos, Carrie, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.retro.ign.com/articles/948/948051p1.html">Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved Review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090130123314/http://uk.retro.ign.com/articles/948/948051p1.html">Archived</a> 2009-01-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> , GameSpot, November 23, 2005. Accessed February 13, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.next-gen.biz/features/state-shoot-%C3%ABem">"State of the Shoot ëEm Up - Edge Magazine"</a>. Next-gen.biz. 2008-11-17. Retrieved 2011-09-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+of+the+Shoot+%C3%ABEm+Up+-+Edge+Magazine&rft.pub=Next-gen.biz&rft.date=2008-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.next-gen.biz%2Ffeatures%2Fstate-shoot-%25C3%25ABem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoot+%27em+up" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Ashcraft, Brian, (2008) Arcade Mania! The Turbo-Charged World of Japan's Game Centers, (Kodansha International)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_%27em_up&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shoot_%27em_ups" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shoot 'em ups">Shoot 'em ups</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platformer" title="Platformer">Platformer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endless_runner" title="Endless runner">Endless runner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_fighter" title="Platform fighter">Platform fighter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shooter_game" title="Shooter game">Shooter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_shooter" title="Arena shooter">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">First-person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_shooter" title="Hero shooter">Hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">Light gun</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shoot 'em up</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_hell" title="Bullet hell">Bullet hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_shooter" title="Rail shooter">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-stick_shooter" title="Twin-stick shooter">Twin-stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_shooter" title="Tactical shooter">Tactical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-person_shooter" title="Third-person shooter">Third-person</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Survival_game" title="Survival game">Survival</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_royale_game" title="Battle royale game">Battle royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">Survival horror</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_%27em_up" title="Beat 'em up">Beat 'em up</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hack_and_slash" title="Hack and slash">Hack and slash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">Fighting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platform_fighter" title="Platform fighter">Platform fighter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maze_video_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Maze video game">Maze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pac-Man_clones" title="List of Pac-Man clones">Pac-Man clone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_(video_game_genre)" title="Snake (video game genre)">Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealth_game" title="Stealth game">Stealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg/60px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg/90px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg/120px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Action-adventure_game" title="Action-adventure game">Action-adventure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_clone" title="Grand Theft Auto clone">Grand Theft Auto clone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metroidvania" title="Metroidvania">Metroidvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventure_game" title="Adventure game">Adventure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escape_room_video_game" title="Escape room video game">Escape room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_graphic_adventure_games" title="List of graphic adventure games">Graphic adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_fiction" title="Interactive fiction">Interactive fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_film" title="Interactive film">Interactive film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_novel" title="Visual novel">Visual novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_simulator" title="Walking simulator">Walking sim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_tabletop_game" title="Digital tabletop game">Digital tabletop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deck-building_game" title="Deck-building game">Deck-building</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roguelike_deck-building_game" title="Roguelike deck-building game">Roguelike deck-building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_collectible_card_game" title="Digital collectible card game">Digital collectible card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puzzle_video_game" title="Puzzle video game">Puzzle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_object_game" title="Hidden object game">Hidden object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoban" title="Sokoban">Sokoban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tile-matching_video_game" title="Tile-matching video game">Tile-matching</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">Role-playing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_role-playing_game" title="Action role-playing game">Action role-playing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Looter_shooter" title="Looter shooter">Looter shooter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulslike" title="Soulslike">Soulslike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon_crawl" title="Dungeon crawl">Dungeon crawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_game" title="Massively multiplayer online role-playing game">MMORPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster-taming_game" title="Monster-taming game">Monster-taming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roguelike" title="Roguelike">Roguelike</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roguelike_deck-building_game" title="Roguelike deck-building game">Roguelike deck-building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_role-playing_game" title="Tactical role-playing game">Tactical role-playing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Simulation_video_game" title="Simulation video game">Simulation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Life_simulation_game" title="Life simulation game">Life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dating_sim" title="Dating sim">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_life_sim" title="Farm life sim">Farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_game" title="God game">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_simulation_game" title="Social simulation game">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_pet" title="Virtual pet">Virtual pet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Construction_and_management_simulation" title="Construction and management simulation">CMS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_simulation_game" title="Business simulation game">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-building_game" title="City-building game">City-building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_simulation_game" title="Government simulation game">Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_video_game" title="Sports video game">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_video_game" title="Fishing video game">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_game" title="Racing game">Racing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kart_racing_game" title="Kart racing game">Kart racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim_racing" title="Sim racing">Sim racing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_simulation_game" title="Vehicle simulation game">Vehicle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_simulation_video_game" title="Flight simulation video game">Flight simulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combat_flight_simulation_game" title="Combat flight simulation game">Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(video_game_genre)" title="Lunar Lander (video game genre)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_flight_simulation_game" title="Space flight simulation game">Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_simulator" title="Submarine simulator">Submarine simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_simulator" title="Train simulator">Train simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_combat_game" title="Vehicular combat game">Vehicular combat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falling-sand_game" title="Falling-sand game">Falling-sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersive_sim" title="Immersive sim">Immersive sim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strategy_video_game" title="Strategy video game">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4X" title="4X">4X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_battler" title="Auto battler">Auto battler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_online_battle_arena" title="Multiplayer online battle arena">MOBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_strategy" title="Real-time strategy">Real-time strategy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_management_game" title="Time management game">Time management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_tactics" title="Real-time tactics">Real-time tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_role-playing_game" title="Tactical role-playing game">Tactical role-playing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_defense" title="Tower defense">Tower defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn-based_strategy" title="Turn-based strategy">Turn-based strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn-based_tactics" title="Turn-based tactics">Turn-based tactics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_game" title="Artillery game">Artillery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_wargame" title="Computer wargame">Wargame</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_strategy_wargame" title="Grand strategy wargame">Grand strategy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cozy_game" title="Cozy game">Cozy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_game" title="Fitness game">Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_game" title="Horror game">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">Survival horror</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incremental_game" title="Incremental game">Incremental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_video_game" title="Music video game">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_game" title="Rhythm game">Rhythm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-game" title="Non-game">Non-game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_video_game" title="Party video game">Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_game" title="Photography game">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programming_game" title="Programming game">Programming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typing_game" title="Typing game">Typing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advergame" title="Advergame">Advergame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bish%C5%8Djo_game" title="Bishōjo game">Bishōjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_video_game" title="Christian video game">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_in_video_games" title="Comedy in video games">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_video_game" title="Educational video game">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls%27_video_games" title="Girls' video games">Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licensed_game" title="Licensed game">Licensed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otome_game" title="Otome game">Otome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_content_in_video_games" title="Sexual content in video games">Sexual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eroge" title="Eroge">Eroge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_video_game" title="Nonviolent video game">Nonviolent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalized_video_game" title="Personalized video game">Personalized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_video_game" title="Science fiction video game">Sci-fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serious_game" title="Serious game">Serious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_video_game" title="Climate change video game">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsgame" title="Newsgame">News</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Player modes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">Multiplayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_video_game" title="Cooperative video game">Co-op</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_game" title="Massively multiplayer online game">MMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Player_versus_player" title="Player versus player">PVP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-player_video_game" title="Single-player video game">Single-player</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AAA_(video_game_industry)" title="AAA (video game industry)">AAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_game" title="Indie game">Indie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doujin_soft" title="Doujin soft">Doujin soft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_game" title="Fan game">Fan game</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casual_game" title="Casual game">Casual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypercasual_game" title="Hypercasual game">Hypercasual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergent_gameplay" title="Emergent gameplay">Emergent gameplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-motion_video" title="Full-motion video">FMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gacha_game" title="Gacha game">Gacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaizo" title="Kaizo">Kaizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masocore" title="Masocore">Masocore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_gameplay" title="Nonlinear gameplay">Nonlinear gameplay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_world" title="Open world">Open world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandbox_game" title="Sandbox game">Sandbox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side-scrolling_video_game" title="Side-scrolling video game">Side-scrolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_gameplay" title="Twitch gameplay">Twitch gameplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertically_scrolling_video_game" title="Vertically scrolling video game">Vertically scrolling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minigame" title="Minigame">Minigame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toys-to-life" title="Toys-to-life">Toys-to-life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_clone" title="Video game clone">Video game clone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_modding" title="Video game modding">Video game modding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_remake" title="Video game remake">Video game remake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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